High jump
Women
Table:
Year
Height
Athlete
Venue

1970

1.87 m (6 ft 1+1⁄2 in)

Antonina Lazareva (URS)

Kiev

1971

1.92 m (6 ft 3+1⁄2 in)

Ilona Gusenbauer (AUT)

Vienna

1972

1.94 m (6 ft 4+1⁄4 in)

Yordanka Blagoeva (BUL)

Zagreb

1973

1.92 m (6 ft 3+1⁄2 in)

Yordanka Blagoeva (BUL)

Warsaw

1974

1.95 m (6 ft 4+3⁄4 in)

Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR)

Rome

1975

1.94 m (6 ft 4+1⁄4 in)

Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR)

Nice

1976

1.96 m (6 ft 5 in)

Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR)

Dresden

1977

2.00 m (6 ft 6+1⁄2 in)

Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR)

Berlin

1978

2.01 m (6 ft 7 in)

Sara Simeoni (ITA)

Brescia

1979

1.99 m (6 ft 6+1⁄4 in)

Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR)

Turin

1980

1.98 m (6 ft 5+3⁄4 in)

Sara Simeoni (ITA)

Turin

1981

1.97 m (6 ft 5+1⁄2 in)

Pam Spencer (USA)

Brussels

1982

2.02 m (6 ft 7+1⁄2 in)

Ulrike Meyfarth (FRG)

Athens

1983

2.04 m (6 ft 8+1⁄4 in)

Tamara Bykova (URS)

Pisa;Budapest

1984

2.07 m (6 ft 9+1⁄4 in)

Lyudmila Andonova (BUL)

Berlin

1985

2.06 m (6 ft 9 in)

Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)

Moscow

1986

2.08 m (6 ft 9+3⁄4 in)

Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)

Sofia

1987

2.09 m (6 ft 10+1⁄4 in)

Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)

Rome

1988

2.07 m (6 ft 9+1⁄4 in)

Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)

Sofia

1989

2.04 m (6 ft 8+1⁄4 in)

Silvia Costa (CUB)
Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)

Barcelona;Pireás

Based on the following table together with the context snippets below.

Answer the following question: What medal did the person whose highest jump in the 1970s was shorter than Ilona Gusenbauer 's highest jump of 1971 get at the Olympics ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Antonina Lazareva ( Russian : Антонина Николаевна Лазарева , née Окорокова , Okorokova ; born March 27 , 1941 in Serpukhov ) is a Soviet high jumper . She won the silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City , Mexico . She won the bronze medal at the European Indoor Games in 1968 and 1969 .
Kiev or Kyiv [ a ] ( Ukrainian : Київ , romanized : Kyiv ; Russian : Киев , romanized : Kiyev ) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine . It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River . Its population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 ( though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press ) , making Kiev the 6th-most populous city in Europe . Kiev is an important industrial , scientific , educational and cultural center of Eastern Europe . It is home to many high-tech industries , higher education institutions , and historical landmarks . The city has an extensive system of public transport and infrastructure , including the Kiev Metro . The city 's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi , one of its four legendary founders . During its history , Kiev , one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe , passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity . The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century . A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople , Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars , until its capture by the Varangians ( Vikings ) in the mid-9th century . Under Varangian rule , the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus ' , the first East Slavic state . Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasions in 1240 , the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come .
Ilona Maria Gusenbauer ( née Majdan on 16 September 1947 ) is a retired Austrian high jumper . She competed at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and finished in eighth and third place , respectively . She held the world record for more than a year starting in 1971 , and was the Austrian champion in 1966-1973 , 1975 and 1976 .
Vienna ( /viˈɛnə/ ( listen ) ; German : Wien [ viːn ] ( listen ) ) is the national capital , largest city , and one of nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's most populous city , with about 1.9 million inhabitants ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of the country 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 6th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations , OPEC , and the OSCE . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of Czechia , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger . Additionally to being known as the City of Music due to its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be the City of Dreams , because of it being home to the world 's first psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud .
Yordanka Blagoeva ( Bulgarian : Йорданка Благоева , born 19 January 1947 ) is a Bulgarian high jumper . She competed at the 1968 , 1972 , 1976 and 1980 Olympics and finished in 17th , 2nd , 3rd and 16th place , respectively . She won the high jump at the 1965 Summer Universiade and 1973 European Athletics Indoor Championships . On 24 September 1972 she became the first Bulgarian athlete to break a world record . Next year she also set a new indoor high jump record , and was ranked as the best high jumper in Europe . In 1972 Blagova graduated from a Sports Academy . She later served as president of Bulgarian aerobics federation .
Zagreb ( /ˈzɑːɡrɛb , ˈzæɡrɛb , zɑːˈɡrɛb/ ; Croatian pronunciation : [ zǎːɡreb ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and the largest city of Croatia . It is located in the northwest of the country , along the Sava river , at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain . Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m ( 400 ft ) above sea level . The estimated population of the city in 2018 was 820,678 . The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,086,528 , approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia . Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day . The oldest settlement located in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia , in today 's Ščitarjevo . The name Zagreb is recorded in 1134 , in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094 . Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242 . In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor , Janko Kamauf . Zagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division and is a consolidated city-county ( but separated from Zagreb County ) , and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts . Most of them are at a low elevation along the river Sava valley , whereas northern and northeastern city districts , such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain , making the city 's geographical image rather diverse .
Warsaw ( /ˈwɔːrsɔː/ WOR-saw ; Polish : Warszawa [ varˈʂava ] ( listen ) ; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of Poland . The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.8 million residents . With a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents , Warsaw is the 5th most-populous urban area in the European Union . The city limits cover 517.24 square kilometres ( 199.71 sq mi ) , while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres ( 2,355.39 sq mi ) . Warsaw is an alpha global city , a major international tourist destination , and a significant cultural , political and economic hub . Its historical old town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Once described as the Paris of the North , Warsaw was believed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world until World War II . Bombed at the start of the German invasion in 1939 , the city withstood a siege for which it was later awarded Poland 's highest military decoration for heroism , the Virtuti Militari . Deportations of the Jewish population to concentration camps led to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and the destruction of the Ghetto after a month of combat . A general Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944 led to even greater devastation and systematic razing by the Germans in advance of the Vistula-Oder Offensive . Warsaw gained the new title of Phoenix City because of its extensive history and complete reconstruction after World War II , which had left over 85% of its buildings in ruins . Warsaw is one of Europe 's most dynamic metropolitan cities .
Rosemarie Rosi Ackermann ( née Witschas ; born 4 April 1952 ) is a former East German high jumper . She was the first female high jumper ever to clear the height of 2.00 m , on 26 August 1977 in Berlin .
Rome ( Latin and Italian : Roma [ ˈroːma ] ( listen ) ) is the capital city and a special comune of Italy ( named Comune di Roma Capitale ) . Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region . With 2,879,728 residents in 1,285 km2 ( 496.1 sq mi ) , it is also the country 's most populated comune . It is the third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits . It is the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome , which has a population of 4,355,725 residents , thus making it the second or third most populous metropolitan city in Italy depending on definition . Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula , within Lazio ( Latium ) , along the shores of the Tiber . Vatican City ( the smallest country in the world ) is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome , the only existing example of a country within a city ; for this reason Rome has sometimes been defined as the capital of two states . Rome 's history spans 28 centuries . While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC , the site has been inhabited for much longer , making it one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe . The city 's early population originated from a mix of Latins , Etruscans , and Sabines . Eventually , the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom , the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire , and is regarded by many as the first ever Imperial City and metropolis . It was first called The Eternal City ( Latin : Urbs Aeterna ; Italian : La Città Eterna ) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC , and the expression was also taken up by Ovid , Virgil , and Livy .
Nice ( /niːs/ , NEESS ; French pronunciation : ​ [ nis ] ; Niçard Occitan : Niça , classical norm , or Nissa , nonstandard , pronounced [ ˈnisa ] ; Italian : Nizza [ ˈnittsa ] ; Greek : Νίκαια ; Latin : Nicaea ) is the seventh most populous urban area in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department . The metropolitan area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits , with a population of about 1 million on an area of 721 km2 ( 278 sq mi ) . Located in the French Riviera , on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea , at the foot of the Alps , Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille . Nice is approximately 13 kilometres ( 8.1 mi ) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) from the French-Italian border . Nice 's airport serves as a gateway to the region . The city is nicknamed Nice la Belle ( Nissa La Bella in Niçard ) , which means Nice the Beautiful , which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice , written by Menica Rondelly in 1912 . The area of today 's Nice contains Terra Amata , an archaeological site which displays evidence of a very early use of fire 380,000 years ago . Around 350 BC , Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it Nikaia , after Nike , the goddess of victory . Through the ages , the town has changed hands many times . Its strategic location and port significantly contributed to its maritime strength . For centuries it was a dominion of Savoy , and was then part of France between 1792 and 1815 , when it was returned to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia until its re-annexation by France in 1860 . The natural environment of the Nice area and its mild Mediterranean climate came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half of the 18th century , when an increasing number of aristocratic families took to spending their winters there .
Dresden ( /ˈdrɛzdən/ , German : [ ˈdʁeːsdn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Drježdźany ; Czech : Drážďany ; Polish : Drezno ) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city , following only Leipzig . It is the 12th most populous city of Germany , the third largest by area ( following only Berlin , Hamburg and Cologne ) , and the third most populous city in the area of former East Germany , following only ( East ) Berlin and Leipzig . Dresden is contiguous with Freital , Pirna , Radebeul , Meissen and Coswig , and its urban area has around 780,000 inhabitants , making it the largest in Saxony . Dresden is the largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg . [ a ] Most of Dresden 's population lives in the Elbe Valley , but a large , albeit very sparsely populated area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands ( the westernmost part of the Sudetes ) and thus in Lusatia , while many boroughs west of the Elbe lie in the foreland of the Ore Mountains as well as in the valleys of the rivers rising there and flowing through Dresden , the longest of which are the Weißeritz and the Lockwitzbach . The name of the city as well as the names of most of its boroughs and rivers are of Slavic origin . Dresden is the second largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area , following only Leipzig . The Sorbian language area begins east of the city , in Lusatia . Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony , who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor , and was once by personal union the family seat of Polish monarchs . The city was known as the Jewel Box , because of its baroque and rococo city centre . The controversial American and British bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000 people , many of whom were civilians , and destroyed the entire city centre . After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city , including the Katholische Hofkirche , the Zwinger and the Semper Oper .
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .
Sara Simeoni ( born 19 April 1953 ) is an Italian former high jumper , who won a gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics and twice set a world record in the women 's high jump .
Brescia ( /ˈbrɛʃə/ , also US : /-ʃɑː , ˈbreɪ-/ , Italian : [ ˈbreʃːa ] ( listen ) ; Lombard : Brèsa [ ˈbrɛsɔ , -hɔ , -sa ] ; Latin : Brixia ; Venetian : Bressa ) is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy . It is situated at the foot of the Alps , a few kilometres from the lakes Garda and Iseo . With a population of more than 200,000 , it is the second largest city in the region and the fourth of northwest Italy . The urban area of Brescia extends beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 672,822 , while over 1.5 million people live in its metropolitan area . The city is the administrative capital of the Province of Brescia , one of the largest in Italy , with over 1,200,000 inhabitants . Founded over 3,200 years ago , Brescia ( in antiquity Brixia ) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times . Its old town contains the best-preserved Roman public buildings in northern Italy and numerous monuments , among these the medieval castle , the Old and New cathedral , the Renaissance Piazza della Loggia and the rationalist Piazza della Vittoria . The monumental archaeological area of the Roman forum and the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia have become a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy , Places of Power . Brescia is considered to be an important industrial city . The metallurgy and the production of machine tools and firearms are of particular economic significance , along with mechanical and automotive engineering . The major companies based in the city are utility company A2A , steel producer Lucchini , firearms manufacturer Beretta , shotgun producer Perazzi , machine tools manufacturer Camozzi and gas equipment manufacturer Cavagna Group . Nicknamed Leonessa d'Italia ( The Lioness of Italy ) , Brescia is the home of Italian caviar , and is known for being the original production area of the Franciacorta sparkling wine as well as the prestigious Mille Miglia classic car race that starts and ends in the city .
Turin ( /tjʊəˈrɪn , ˈtjʊərɪn/ tewr-IN , TEWR-in , Piedmontese : [ tyˈriŋ ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Torino [ toˈriːno ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Augusta Taurinorum , then Taurinum ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy . It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin , and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865 . The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River , in front of Susa Valley , and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga Hill . The population of the city proper is 875,698 ( 31 December 2018 ) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants . The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million . The city used to be a major European political centre . From 1563 , it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy , then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy , and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865 . Turin is sometimes called the cradle of Italian liberty for having been the birthplace and home of notable individuals who contributed to the Risorgimento , such as Cavour . Even though much of its political significance and importance had been lost by World War II , Turin became a major European crossroad for industry , commerce and trade , and is part of the famous industrial triangle along with Milan and Genoa . Turin is ranked third in Italy , after Milan and Rome , for economic strength . With a GDP of $ 58 billion , Turin is the world 's 78th richest city by purchasing power . As of 2018 , the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma World city .
Pamela Ann Spencer ( born October 8 , 1957 ) is a retired high jumper from the United States , who set her personal best on 1981-08-28 , jumping 1.97 metres at a meet in Brussels , Belgium . She competed for her native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , California , finishing in eleventh place ( 1.85 metres ) . Spencer grew up in Great Falls , Montana and attended Great Falls High School where she set state records in the high jump . She later attended Seattle Pacific University and California State University , Northridge where she graduated in 1983 . Spencer is a two-time national champion ( 1981 and 1984 ) , and was a member of the 1976 and of the 1980 Olympic Teams which was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott . She did receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes . In 1981 , she raised the American record twice , up to her personal best of 1.97 m. Spencer was also a member of the 1984 U.S. Olympic Team . Pam married Eric Marquez in 1982 and they have two children . They currently reside in Northridge , CA .
Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city .
Ulrike Nasse-Meyfarth ( born 4 May 1956 ) is a German former high jumper . She won the Olympic title twice , in 1972 and 1984 . She is the youngest Olympic champion ever in women 's high jump , and at the time of her 1984 triumph , she also was the oldest ever .
Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe .
Tamara Vladimirovna Bykova ( Russian : Тамара Владимировна Быкова ; born December 21 , 1958 ) is a Russian former track and field athlete who represented the Soviet Union and competed in the high jump . She is the 1983 World Champion , the 1988 Olympic bronze medallist , and is a former world record holder , with clearances of 2.03 and 2.04 metres in 1983 and 2.05 metres in 1984 . She also won silver medals at the 1982 European Championships , the 1989 and 1991 World Indoor Championships , and three times at the World Cup ( 1981 , 1985 and 1989 ) .
Pisa ( /ˈpiːzə/ PEE-zə , Italian : [ ˈpiːza ] ( listen ) or [ ˈpiːsa ] ) is a city and comune in Tuscany , central Italy , straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea . It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa . Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower ( the bell tower of the city 's cathedral ) , the city of over 91,104 residents ( around 200,000 with the metropolitan area ) contains more than 20 other historic churches , several medieval palaces , and various bridges across the Arno . Much of the city 's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics . The city is also home of the University of Pisa , which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa , founded by Napoleon in 1810 , and its offshoot , the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies , as the best-sanctioned Superior Graduate Schools in Italy .
Budapest ( /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ , Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈbudɒpɛʃt ] ) is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary , and the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits . The city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres ( 203 square miles ) . Budapest is both a city and county , and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area , which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres ( 2,944 square miles ) and a population of 3,303,786 , comprising 33% of the population of Hungary . The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum , the capital of Lower Pannonia . The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century , but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241-42 . Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century . The Battle of Mohács , in 1526 , was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule . After the reconquest of Buda in 1686 , the region entered a new age of prosperity , with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda , Óbuda , and Pest on 17 November 1873 , with the name 'Budapest ' given to the new capital . Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a great power that dissolved in 1918 , following World War I . The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , the Battle of Budapest in 1945 , and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Budapest is an Alpha − global city with strengths in commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment . It is Hungary 's financial centre and was ranked as the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe .
Lyudmila Andonova ( Bulgarian : Людмила Андонова , née Zhecheva ; born 6 May 1960 ) is a retired female high jumper from Bulgaria . In 1984 , she broke the World Record with a clearance of 2.07 metres . She competed at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul and the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona .
Stefka Georgieva Kostadinova ( Bulgarian : Стефка Георгиева Костадинова ; born March 25 , 1965 ) is a Bulgarian retired athlete who competed in the high jump . Her world record of 2.09 metres has stood since 1987 . She was the 1996 Olympic champion , a twice World champion and five-times a World Indoor champion . She has been the president of the Bulgarian Olympic Committee since 2005 .
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade .
Sofia ( /ˈsoʊfiə , ˈsɒf- , soʊˈfiːə/ SOH-fee-ə , SOF- ; Bulgarian : София , romanized : Sofiya , IPA : [ ˈsɔfijɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria . The city is at the foot of Vitosha mountain in the western part of the country . Being in the centre of the Balkans , it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea , and closest to the Aegean Sea . Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union . The city is surrounded by mountains , such as Mount Vitosha by the southern side , Lyulin by the western side , and the Balkan Mountains by the north , which makes it the second highest European capital after Madrid . The city is built on the Iskar river , and has many mineral springs , such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths . Sofia has a humid continental climate . Sofia has been described as the 'triangle of religious tolerance ' . This is due to the fact that three colossal temples of the three world major religions - Christianity , Islam and Judaism , reside inside the borders of the city , which are the Sveta Nedelya Church , Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue . Being Bulgaria 's primate city , Sofia is a hometown of many of the major local universities , cultural institutions and commercial companies . Sofia is one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world , especially in information technologies . Sofia was Europe 's most affordable capital to visit in 2013 .
Silvia Costa Acosta-Martínez ( born May 4 , 1964 in La Palma , Pinar del Río Province ) is a former high jumper from Cuba .
Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre .
Piraeus ( /paɪˈriːəs , pɪˈreɪəs/ ; Greek : Πειραιάς Pireás [ pireˈas ] , Ancient Greek : Πειραιεύς , Peiraieús , pronounced [ peːrai̯eús ] ) is a port city in the region of Attica , Greece . Piraeus is located within the Athens urban area , 12 kilometres ( 7 miles ) southwest from its city centre ( municipality of Athens ) , and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf . According to the 2011 census , Piraeus had a population of 163.688 people within its administrative limits , making it the fifth largest municipality in Greece and the second largest within the urban area of the Greek capital , following the municipality of Athens . The municipality of Piraeus and several other suburban municipalities within the regional unit of Piraeus form the greater Piraeus area , with a total population of 448,997 , and is part οf Athens urban area . Piraeus has a long recorded history , dating to ancient Greece . The city was founded in the early 5th century BC , when this area was selected to become the new port of classical Athens and was built as a prototype harbour , concentrating all the import and transit trade of Athens . During the Golden Age of Athens the Long Walls were constructed to fortify Athens and its port ( Piraeus ) . Consequently , it became the chief harbour of ancient Greece , but declined gradually after the 3rd century B.C. , growing once more in the 19th century , after Athens ' declaration as the capital of Greece . In the modern era , Piraeus is a large city , bustling with activity and an integral part of Athens , acting as home to the country 's biggest harbour and bearing all the characteristics of a huge marine and commercial-industrial center . The port of Piraeus is the chief port in Greece , the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world , servicing about 20 million passengers annually . With a throughput of 1.4 million TEUs , Piraeus is placed among the top ten ports in container traffic in Europe and the top container port in the Eastern Mediterranean . The municipality hosted events in both the 1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics held in Athens .