Berlin population statistics
Population by borough
Table:
Borough
Population
30 September 2010
Area
in km²
Largest Non-German ethnic groups

Mitte
332,100
39.47

Turks, Arabs, Kurds, many Asians, Africans and Western Europeans.

Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
268,831
20.16

Turks, Arabs, African, Kurds, Chinese

Pankow
368,956
103.01

Poles, Italians, French, Americans, Vietnamese, British

Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
320,014
64.72

Turks, Africans, Russians, Arabs, others.

Spandau
225,420
91.91

Turks, Africans, Russians, Arabs, others.

Steglitz-Zehlendorf
293,989
102.50

Poles, Turks, Croats, Serbs, Koreans

Tempelhof-Schöneberg
335,060
53.09

Turks, Croats, Serbs, Koreans, Africans

Neukölln
310,283
44.93

Arabs, Turks, Kurds, Russians, Africans, Poles

Treptow-Köpenick
241,335
168.42

Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, Vietnamese

Marzahn-Hellersdorf
248,264
61.74

Russians, Vietnamese, several other Eastern Europeans.

Lichtenberg
259,881
52.29

Vietnamese, Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Chinese

Reinickendorf
240,454
89.46

Turks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, Arabs, Italians

Total Berlin
3,450,889
891.82

Turks, Arabs, Russians, Vietnamese, Poles, Africans

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A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries . In principle , the term borough designates a self-governing walled town , although in practice , official use of the term varies widely .
Mitte is the first and most central borough of Berlin . The borough consists of six sub-entities : Mitte proper , Gesundbrunnen , Hansaviertel , Moabit , Tiergarten and Wedding . It is one of the two boroughs ( the other being Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg ) which were formerly divided between East Berlin and West Berlin . Mitte encompasses Berlin 's historic core and includes some of the most important tourist sites of Berlin like Museum Island , the Reichstag and Berlin Hauptbahnhof , Checkpoint Charlie , the TV tower , Brandenburg Gate , Unter den Linden , Potsdamer Platz , Alexanderplatz , the latter five of which were in former East Berlin .
Turkish people or the Turks ( Turkish : Türkler ) , also known as Anatolian Turks ( Turkish : Anadolu Türkleri ) , are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish , the most widely spoken Turkic language . They are the largest ethnic group in Turkey , as well as by far the largest ethnic group among the speakers of Turkic languages . Ethnic Turkish minorities exist in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire . In addition , a Turkish diaspora has been established with modern migration , particularly in Western Europe . Turks arrived from Central Asia and Western China and settled in the Anatolian basin in around the 11th century through the conquest of Seljuk Turks , mixing with the peoples of Anatolia . The region then began to transform from a predominately Greek Christian one to a Turkish Muslim society . Thereafter , the Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the Balkans , the Caucasus , the Middle East ( excluding Iran ) , and North Africa over the course of several centuries , with an advanced army and navy . The Empire lasted until the end of the First World War , when it was defeated by the Allies and partitioned . Following the successful Turkish War of Independence that ended with the Turkish national movement retaking most of the land lost to the Allies , the movement abolished the Ottoman sultanate on 1 November 1922 and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923 . Not all Ottomans were Muslims and not all Ottoman Muslims were Turks , but by 1923 , the majority of people living within the borders of the new Turkish republic identified as Turks . Article 66 of the Turkish Constitution defines a Turk as anyone who is bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship ; therefore , the legal use of the term Turkish as a citizen of Turkey is different from the ethnic definition . However , the majority of the Turkish population are of Turkish ethnicity and are estimated at 70-75 percent .
Arabs ( /ˈærəbz/ ; Arabic : عَرَبٌ , ISO 233 arab ; Arabic pronunciation : [ ˈʕarab ] ( listen ) ) are a population inhabiting the Arab world . They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia , North Africa , the Horn of Africa and western Indian Ocean islands ( including the Comoros ) , as well as in significant numbers in the Americas , Western Europe , Indonesia , Israel , Turkey and Iran . The Arab diaspora is established around the world . The first mention of Arabs is from the mid-ninth century BCE as a tribal people in eastern and southern Syria and the north of the Arabian Peninsula . The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire ( 911-612 BCE ) , and the succeeding Neo-Babylonian ( 626-539 BCE ) , Achaemenid ( 539-332 BCE ) , Seleucid , and Parthian empires . Arab tribes , most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids , begin to appear in the southern Syrian Desert from the mid 3rd century CE onward , during the mid to later stages of the Roman and Sasanian empires . Before the expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate ( 632-661 C.E . ) , Arab referred to any of the largely nomadic and settled Semitic people from the Arabian Peninsula , Syrian Desert , and North and Lower Mesopotamia . Today , Arab refers to a large number of people whose native regions form the Arab world due to the spread of Arabs and the Arabic language throughout the region during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries and the subsequent Arabisation of indigenous populations . The Arabs forged the Rashidun ( 632-661 ) , Umayyad ( 661-750 ) , Abbasid ( 750-1517 ) and the Fatimid ( 901-1071 ) caliphates , whose borders reached southern France in the west , China in the east , Anatolia in the north , and the Sudan in the south . This was one of the largest land empires in history . In the early 20th century , the First World War signalled the end of the Ottoman Empire ; which had ruled much of the Arab world since conquering the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517 .
Kurds ( Kurdish : کورد , Kurd ) are an ethnic group native to a mountainous region of Western Asia known as Kurdistan , which spans southeastern Turkey , northwestern Iran , northern Iraq , and northern Syria . There are also exclaves of Kurds in central Anatolia and Khorasan . Additionally , there are significant Kurdish diaspora communities in the cities of western Turkey , in particular Istanbul , while a Kurdish diaspora has developed in Western Europe , primarily in Germany . Numerically , the Kurds are estimated to number between 30 and 45 million . Kurds speak the Kurdish languages and the Zaza-Gorani languages , which belong to the Western Iranian branch of the Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family . A majority of Kurds belong to the Shafii school of Sunni Islam , but significant numbers practise Shia Islam and Alevism , while some are adherents of Yarsanism , Yazidism , Zoroastrianism and Christianity . After World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire , the victorious Western allies made provision for a Kurdish state in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres . However , that promise was nullified three years later , when the Treaty of Lausanne set the boundaries of modern Turkey and made no such provision , leaving Kurds with minority status in their respective countries . This fact has led to numerous genocides and rebellions , along with the current ongoing armed guerrilla conflicts in Turkey , Iran , and Syria / Rojava . Kurds have an autonomous region in Iraq named the Kurdistan Region , while Kurdish nationalist movements continue to pursue greater cultural rights , autonomy , and independence throughout Greater Kurdistan .
Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg is the second borough of Berlin , formed in 2001 by merging the former East Berlin borough of Friedrichshain and the former West Berlin borough of Kreuzberg . The historic Oberbaum Bridge , formerly a Berlin border crossing for pedestrians , links both districts across the river Spree as the new borough 's landmark ( as featured in the coat of arms ) .
The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands , with each population generally having its own language ( or dialect of a language ) and culture . The ethnolinguistic groups include various Afroasiatic , Khoisan , Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan populations . The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain , both due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses and due to the rapid population growth . There have also been accusations of deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority ( as in the case of Nigeria 's Hausa , Fulani , Yoruba and Igbo people ) . A 2009 genetic clustering study , which genotyped 1327 polymorphic markers in various African populations , identified six ancestral clusters . The clustering corresponded closely with ethnicity , culture and language . A 2018 whole genome sequencing study of the world 's populations observed similar clusters among the populations in Africa . At K=9 , distinct ancestral components defined the Afrosiatic-speaking populations inhabiting North Africa and Northeast Africa ; the Nilo-Saharan-speaking populations in Northeast Africa and East Africa ; the Ari populations in Northeast Africa ; the Niger-Congo-speaking populations in West-Central Africa , West Africa , East Africa and Southern Africa ; the Pygmy populations in Central Africa ; and the Khoisan populations in Southern Africa .
Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China , usually through ancestry , ethnicity , nationality , citizenship , or other affiliation . The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in China , comprising approximately 92% of its mainland population . Han Chinese people also comprise approximately 95% of the population of Taiwan , approximately 92% of the population of Hong Kong , and approximately 89% of the population of Macau . They are also the world 's largest ethnic group , comprising approximately 18% of the global human population . Outside of China , the terms Han Chinese and Chinese are often conflated since those identifying or registered as Han Chinese are the most populous ethnic group in China . In fact , there are 55 officially-recognized ethnic minorities in China who may also identify as Chinese . Although Hong Kong and Macau are both under Chinese sovereignty , both regions are highly autonomous . Hong Kong and Macau are respectively governed by international treaties known as the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration . Residents of both regions can possess various nationalities . People from Taiwan , officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , may also be referred to as Chinese in various contexts , though they are usually referred to as Taiwanese . The territory of Taiwan is disputed and the ROC has limited recognition of its sovereignty . There is also an extensive Chinese diaspora known as the Overseas Chinese .
Pankow ( German pronunciation : [ ˈpaŋkoː ] ) is the most populous and the second-largest borough of Berlin . In Berlin 's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former boroughs of Prenzlauer Berg and Weißensee ; the resulting borough retained the name Pankow .
The Poles ( Polish : Polacy , pronounced [ pɔˈlat͡sɨ ] ; singular masculine : Polak , singular feminine : Polka ) , commonly referred to as the Polish people , are a nation and Lechitic ( West Slavic ) ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry , culture , history , and are native speakers of the Polish language . The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,538,000 ( based on the 2011 census ) , of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone . A wide-ranging Polish diaspora ( the Polonia ) exists throughout Europe , the Americas , and in Australasia . Today , the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw and Silesian metropolitan areas . Poland 's history dates back over a thousand years , to c. 930-960 AD , when the Western Polans - an influential tribe in the Greater Poland region , now home to such cities as Poznań , Gniezno , Kalisz , Konin and Września - united various Lechitic clans under what became the Piast dynasty , thus creating the first Polish state . The subsequent Christianization of Poland by the Catholic Church , in 966 CE , marked Poland 's advent to the community of Western Christendom . However , throughout its existence , the Polish state followed a tolerant policy towards minorities resulting in numerous ethnic and religious identities of the Poles , such as Polish Jews . Poles have made important contributions to the world in every major field of human endeavor , among them Copernicus , Marie Curie , Joseph Conrad , Fryderyk Chopin and Pope John Paul II . Notable Polish émigrés - many of them forced from their homeland by historic vicissitudes - have included physicist Joseph Rotblat , mathematician Stanisław Ulam , pianist Arthur Rubinstein , actresses Helena Modjeska and Pola Negri , military leaders Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski , U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski , politician Rosa Luxemburg , painter Tamara de Lempicka , filmmakers Samuel Goldwyn and the Warner Brothers , cartoonist Max Fleischer , and cosmeticians Helena Rubinstein and Max Factor .
Italians ( Italian : italiani [ itaˈljaːni ] ) are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to the Italian geographical region and its neighbouring insular territories . Italians share a common culture , history , ancestry and language . All Italian nationals are citizens of Italy , regardless of ancestry or nation of residence ( in effect , however , Italian nationality is largely based on jus sanguinis ) and may be distinguished from ethnic Italians in general or people of Italian descent without Italian citizenship and from ethnic Italians living in territories adjacent to the Italian peninsula without Italian citizenship . The majority of Italian nationals are native speakers of the country 's official language , Italian , or a regional variety thereof . However , many of them also speak a regional or minority language native to Italy , the existence of which predates the national language ; although there is disagreement on the total number , according to UNESCO there are approximately 30 languages native to Italy , although many are often misleadingly referred to as Italian dialects . In 2017 , in addition to about 55 million Italians in Italy ( 91% of the Italian national population ) , Italian-speaking autonomous groups are found in neighbouring nations : almost a quarter million are in Switzerland , a large population is in France , the entire population of San Marino , and there are smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia , primarily in Istria ( Istrian Italians ) and Dalmatia ( Dalmatian Italians ) . Because of the wide-ranging diaspora , about 5 million Italian citizens and nearly 80 million people of full or partial Italian ancestry live outside their own homeland , which includes 62.5% of Argentina 's population ( Italian Argentines ) , 1/3 of Uruguayans ( Italian Uruguayans ) , 15% of Brazilians ( Italian Brazilians , the largest Italian community outside Italy ) , and people in other parts of Europe , the Americas ( such as Italian Americans , Italian Canadians , Italian Mexicans and Italo-Venezuelans , among others ) , Australasia ( Italian Australians and Italian New Zealanders ) , and to a lesser extent in the Middle East ( see Italian diaspora ) . Italians have influenced and contributed to fields like arts and music , science , technology , fashion , cinema , cuisine , sports , jurisprudence , banking and business . Furthermore , Italian people are generally known for their attachment to their locale , expressed in the form of either regionalism or municipalism .
French people ( French : Français ) are a Western European nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language and are identified with the country of France . French people are the descendants of Gauls and Romans ( western european Celtic and Italic peoples ) , as well as Bretons , Aquitanians , Ligurians and finally Germanic people such as the Franks , the Visigoths , the Suebi , the Saxons , the Allemanni , and the Burgundians that settled Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire and the Norse who settled in Normandy and to a lesser extent Brittany in the early 10th century . France has long been a patchwork of local customs and regional differences , and while most French people still speak the French language as their mother tongue , languages like Norman , Occitan , Catalan , Auvergnat , Corsican , Basque , French Flemish , Lorraine Franconian , Alsatian , and Breton remain spoken in their respective regions . Arabic is also widely spoken , arguably the largest minority language in France as of the 21st century ( a spot previously held by Breton and Occitan ) . Modern French society is a melting pot . From the middle of the 19th century , it experienced a high rate of inward migration , mainly consisting of Arab-Berbers , Jews , Sub-Saharan Africans , Chinese , and other peoples from Africa , the Middle East and East Asia , and the government , defining France as an inclusive nation with universal values , advocated assimilation through which immigrants were expected to adhere to French values and cultural norms . Nowadays , while the government has let newcomers retain their distinctive cultures since the mid-1980s and requires from them a mere integration , French citizens still equate their nationality with citizenship as does French law . In addition to mainland France , French people and people of French descent can be found internationally , in overseas departments and territories of France such as the French West Indies ( French Caribbean ) , and in foreign countries with significant French-speaking population groups or not , such as Switzerland ( French Swiss ) , the United States ( French Americans ) , Canada ( French Canadians ) , Argentina ( French Argentines ) , Brazil ( French Brazilians ) , Chile ( French Chileans ) and Uruguay ( French Uruguayans ) .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
The Vietnamese people , also called as Viet people or Kinh people ( Vietnamese : người Việt or người Kinh ) , are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to present-day northern Vietnam , their nation state . They speak Vietnamese , the most widely spoken Austroasiatic language . They comprised 86% of the population of the country at the 1999 census , and are officially known as Kinh ( related autonym ) to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam . The earliest recorded name for the ancient Vietnamese people appears as Lạc . Although geographically and linguistically labeled as Southeast Asians , long periods of Chinese domination and influence have placed the Vietnamese in the East Asian cultural sphere , or more specifically their immediate northern neighbours , the Southern Han Chinese and other peoples within South China . The word Việt is shortened from Bách Việt , a name used in ancient times for various non-Chinese peoples who were assimilated into Chinese culture . Nam means south . Together , Vietnam means to the south of the Viet , as Vietnam is located south of the Bách Việt .
The British people , or Britons , are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the British Overseas Territories , and the Crown dependencies . British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality , which can be acquired , for instance , by descent from British nationals . When used in a historical context , British or Britons can refer to the Celtic Britons , the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany , whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people , Cornish people , and Bretons . It may also refer to citizens of the former British Empire . Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages , the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity . The notion of Britishness was forged during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and the First French Empire , and developed further during the Victorian era . The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a particular sense of nationhood and belonging in Great Britain and Ireland ; Britishness became superimposed on much older identities , of English , Scots , Welsh and Irish cultures , whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity . Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions , British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial , but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists . Modern Britons are descended mainly from the varied ethnic groups that settled in Great Britain in and before the 11th century : Prehistoric , Brittonic , Roman , Anglo-Saxon , Norse and Normans . The progressive political unification of the British Isles facilitated migration , cultural and linguistic exchange , and intermarriage between the peoples of England , Scotland and Wales during the late Middle Ages , early modern period and beyond . Since 1922 and earlier , there has been immigration to the United Kingdom by people from what is now the Republic of Ireland , the Commonwealth , mainland Europe and elsewhere ; they and their descendants are mostly British citizens , with some assuming a British , dual or hyphenated identity . The British are a diverse , multinational , multicultural and multilingual society , with strong regional accents , expressions and identities .
Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf ( German pronunciation : [ ʃaʁˌlɔtn̩bʊʁk ˈvɪlmɐsdɔʁf ] ) is the fourth borough of Berlin , formed in an administrative reform with effect from 1 January 2001 , by merging the former boroughs of Charlottenburg and Wilmersdorf .
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge , further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries . Total population as of 2017 is estimated at more than 1.25 billion , with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a . The most populous African country is Nigeria with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a .
Russians ( Russian : русские , tr . russkiye , IPA : ˈruskʲɪje ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to European Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe ( some territories of the former Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire ) ; they are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe . The majority of ethnic Russians live in the Russian Federation , but notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus , Kazakhstan , Moldova , Ukraine and the Baltic states . A large Russian diaspora ( sometimes including Russophones , i.e . Russian-speaking non-Russians ) has developed all over the world , with notable numbers in the United States , Germany , Brazil , and Canada . The culture of the ethnic Russian people has a long tradition and it is a foundation for the modern culture of the whole of Russia . The Russian language originally was the language of ethnic Russians . They are historically Orthodox Christians by religion . The ethnic Russians formed from East Slavic tribes and their cultural ancestry is based in Kievan Rus ' . The Russian word for ethnic Russians is derived from the people of Rus ' and the territory of Rus ' . The Russians share many historical and cultural traits with other European peoples , and especially with other East Slavic ethnic groups , specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians . Many ethnic groups had a common history within the former Soviet Union and Russian Empire , which was influential in the spreading of Russian culture and language .
Spandau ( pronounced [ ˈʃpandaʊ̯ ] ) is the westernmost of the twelve boroughs ( Bezirke ) of Berlin , situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of Havel . It is the smallest borough by population , but the fourth largest by land area .
Steglitz-Zehlendorf is the sixth borough of Berlin , formed in Berlin 's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Steglitz and Zehlendorf .
Croats ( /ˈkroʊæt , ˈkroʊɑːt/ ; Croatian : Hrvati , pronounced [ xr̩ʋăːti ] ) or Croatians are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina . They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries , namely Austria , the Czech Republic , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Montenegro , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , and Slovenia . Due to political , social and economic reasons , many Croats migrated to North and South America ( Argentina , Chile , and Paraguay ) as well as Australia and New Zealand , establishing a diaspora in the aftermath of World War II , with grassroots assistance from earlier communities and the Roman Catholic Church . Croats are mostly Roman Catholics . The Croatian language is official in Croatia , the European Union , and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Croatian is a recognised minority language within Croatian autochthonous communities and minorities in Montenegro , Austria ( Burgenland ) , Italy ( Molise ) , Romania ( Carașova , Lupac ) and Serbia ( Vojvodina ) .
The Serbs ( Serbian : Срби , romanized : Srbi , pronounced [ sr̩̂bi ] ) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group that formed in the Balkans . The majority of Serbs inhabit the nation state of Serbia , as well as the disputed territory of Kosovo , [ a ] and the neighboring countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia and Montenegro . They form significant minorities in North Macedonia and Slovenia . There is a large Serb diaspora in Western Europe , and outside Europe and there are significant communities in North America and Australia . The Serbs share many cultural traits with the rest of the peoples of Southeast Europe . They are predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christians by religion . The Serbian language is official in Serbia , co-official in Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina , and is spoken by the plurality in Montenegro .
Koreans ( Korean : 한민족 , 한국인 , 한국사람 ; Hanja : 韓民族 , 韓國人 , 韓國사람 ; RR : Hanminjok , Hanguk-in , Hanguksaram in South Korean ; alternatively Korean : 조선민족 , 조선인 , 조선사람 ; Hanja : 朝鮮民族 , 朝鮮人 , 朝鮮사람 ; RR : Joseonminjok , Joseonin , Joseonsaram in North Korean , lit . Korean ethnicity ; see names of Korea ) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Korea and southwestern Manchuria . Koreans mainly live in the two Korean states : North Korea and South Korea ( collectively and simply referred to as Korea ) . They are also an officially recognized ethnic minority in China , Japan , the Philippines , and Vietnam , plus in a number of Post-Soviet states , such as Russia , Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan . Over the course of the 20th century , significant Korean communities have formed in the Americas ( especially in the United States and Canada ) and Oceania . As of 2020 , there were an estimated 8.3 million ethnic Koreans residing outside Korea .
Tempelhof-Schöneberg is the seventh borough of Berlin , formed in 2001 by merging the former boroughs of Tempelhof and Schöneberg . Situated in the south of the city it shares borders with the boroughs of Mitte and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in the north , Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and Steglitz-Zehlendorf in the west as well as Neukölln in the east .
Neukölln ( German pronunciation : [ nɔʏˈkœln ] ) is one of the twelve boroughs of Berlin . It is located in the southeastern part from the city centre towards Berlin Schönefeld Airport . It was part of the former American sector under the Four-Power occupation of the city . It features many Gründerzeit buildings and is characterized by having one of the highest percentage of immigrants in Berlin . In recent years an influx of students and creative types has led to gentrification .
Treptow-Köpenick ( pronounced [ ˈtʁeːpto ˈkøːpənɪk ] ) is the ninth borough of Berlin , Germany , formed in Berlin 's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Treptow and Köpenick .
Ukrainians ( Ukrainian : українці , romanized : ukrayintsi , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinʲts⁽ʲ⁾i ] ) , historically also called Ruthenians , are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine , which is by total population the seventh-largest nation in Europe and the second-largest among the East Slavs after the Russians . The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians ' to all its citizens . The people of Ukraine have historically been known as Rusyns ( Carpatho-Ruthenians ) , Little Russians , and Cossacks , among others . The connection with the Zaporozhian Cossacks especially , is emphasized in the Ukrainian national anthem , We are , brothers , of Cossack kin . According to most dictionary definitions , a descriptive name for the inhabitants of Ukraine is Ukrainian or Ukrainian people . The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Orthodox Christians .
Marzahn-Hellersdorf is the tenth borough of Berlin , formed in 2001 by merging the former boroughs of Marzahn and Hellersdorf .
Lichtenberg is the eleventh borough of Berlin , Germany . In Berlin 's 2001 administrative reform it absorbed the former borough of Hohenschönhausen .
Reinickendorf is split in eleven localities , population in brackets :
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .