1998 Torneo Descentralizado
Teams
Table:
Team

City

Stadium

Capacity

Field

Alianza Atlético
Sullana
Campeones del 36
8,000
Grass

Alianza Lima
Lima
Alejandro Villanueva
35,000
Grass

Cienciano
Cuzco
Garcilaso
42,056
Grass

Deportivo Municipal
Lima
Nacional
45,750
Grass

Deprotivo Pesquero
Chimbote
Manuel Rivera Sanchez
25,000
Grass

Juan Aurich
Chiclayo
Elías Aguirre
24,500
Grass

Lawn Tennis
Lima
Nacional
45,750
Grass

Melgar
Arequipa
Mariano Melgar
20,000
Grass

Sport Boys
Callao
Miguel Grau
18,000
Grass

Sporting Cristal
Lima
San Martín de Porres
17,000
Grass

Unión Minas
Cerro de Pasco
Daniel Alcides Carrión
8,000
Grass

Universitario
Lima
Nacional
45,750
Grass

Looking at the table as well as the context snippets provided at the end.

Give the answer to the question: During which era was the city of the team that was founded on Peru 's independence day considered a vital Spanish town ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Club Alianza Atlético de Sullana is a Peruvian football club , located in the city of Sullana , Piura . The club was founded in 1920 and promoted to the Peruvian Primera División in 1988 . They are the only Peruvian top-tier club not based in a state capital .
Sullana is the name of the capital of the Sullana Province , in the north-western coastal plains of Peru on the Chira valley .
The Estadio Municipal Campeones del 36 is a multi-use stadium in Sullana , Peru . It is used by the football team Alianza Atlético . The stadium holds 8,000 people and was built in 2000 . It is a small stadium that is planned to be expanded . The venue name , Champions of 1936 , is misleading . No Peruvian League was actually played in 1936 as the national team was preparing itself to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany . Alianza Atlético did , however , win a special national tournament ( representing their home region , Piura ) governed by the Peruvian Football Federation , and the name stuck despite not being recognized officially as national champions thereafter . The venue was remodeled and re-inaugurated in 2018 with an enlarged capacity of 12,000 .
Club Alianza Lima ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ a.ˈljãn.sa ˈli.ma ] ) is a Peruvian professional sports club based in La Victoria District of Lima , Peru . It is widely known for having one of the most historical and successful professional football teams of Peru : they have won a total of twenty-three league titles of the Peruvian First Division and are currently the oldest team playing in this competition , since the club was founded in 1901 . Alianza 's home stadium is the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva , named after Alejandro Villanueva , one of the most important players the club had in their history . The stadium is also popularly known as Matute , name of the neighbourhood in which it is located . It is the most popular side in Peru , having the highest number of fans and followers . Alianza enjoyed success throughout the first decades of their professional era . In 1987 , a tragedy struck Alianza when the entire squad and coaching staff died in an airplane crash as the team was returning from an away fixture . Alianza Lima has had a huge , long-standing rivalry with Universitario de Deportes , another popular football team of Lima , Peru . They play the Peruvian Clásico .
Lima ( /ˈliːmə/ , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlima ] ; Quechua : Limaq ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru . It is located in the valleys of the Chillón , Rímac and Lurín rivers , in the central coastal part of the country , overlooking the Pacific Ocean . Together with the seaport of Callao , it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area . With a population of more than 9 million , Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas ( as defined by city proper ) , behind São Paulo and Mexico City . Lima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as Limaq , a name that it had acquired over time . It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru . Following the Peruvian War of Independence , it became the capital of the Republic of Peru ( República del Perú ) . Around one-third of the national population lives in the metropolitan area . Lima is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World . The National University of San Marcos , founded on 12 May 1551 , during the Spanish colonial empire , is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas . Nowadays the city is considered as the political , cultural , financial and commercial center of the country . Internationally , it is one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world .
The Estadio Alejandro Villanueva , formerly Estadio Alianza Lima , is a football stadium located in the neighborhood of Matute in La Victoria District in Lima , Peru . The stadium is the home of Alianza Lima . The stadium has a capacity of 33,938 people . It is named after former Alianza Lima player Alejandro Villanueva .
Club Sportivo Cienciano is a professional football club based in Cusco , Peru . The club was founded in 1901 and was originally the team of the students of the Ciencias y Artes School ( Ciencias meaning science in Spanish ) , from which it takes its name . It gained worldwide recognition after defeating River Plate from Argentina in the finals of the 2003 Copa Sudamericana and Boca Juniors in the 2004 Recopa Sudamericana .
Cusco ( Spanish : Cuzco , Cusco [ ˈkusko ] ; Quechua : Qusqu , Qosqo [ ˈqʊsqʊ ] , [ ˈqɔsqɔ ] ) , often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru , near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range . It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province . The city is the seventh most populous in Peru and , in 2017 it had a population of 428,450 . Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cuzco , its elevation is around 3,400 m ( 11,200 ft ) . The city was the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th century until the 16th-century Spanish conquest . In 1983 , Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO with the title City of Cuzco . It has become a major tourist destination , hosting nearly 2 million visitors a year . The Constitution of Peru designates it as the Historical Capital of Peru .
Estadio Inca Garcilaso de la Vega , commonly known as Estadio Garcilaso , is Cusco 's principal stadium and the home venue of the local football team Cienciano . The stadium was named after the Peruvian mestizo Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and inaugurated in 1960 , with an initial capacity of 30,000 . It is owned by the Instituto Peruano del Deporte ( Peruvian Institute of Sport ) . The increase in spectator capacity came after CONMEBOL chose Peru to host the Copa América 2004 , prompting the Peruvian government to invest in a five-million dollar renovation program for its stadia , including the Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega . Its renovation cost approximately $ 1,720,000 , which helped boost its official spectator capacity to 42,056 . The stadium ended up hosting the third place game of the Copa América 2004 . Thanks to the event , the city of Cusco received even more tourists than it already receives as Peru 's top tourist destination . The Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega is also recognized as one of the most beautiful stadiums in all of South America . This recognition is due to its well-maintained grass and its resistance to the sometimes aggressive and highly variable climate of the city of Cuzco . The awe is the stadium 's perpetual beauty even after these climates . It is this resistive beauty that inspires soccer commentators and visitors alike . The stadium is currently home to three football clubs .
Club Centro Deportivo Municipal , commonly known as Deportivo Municipal , is a Peruvian football club based in Lima , Peru . They are among Peru 's most recognizable clubs and enjoy considerable popularity . The bulk of their success was won a few years after the club was founded in 1935 . The club was a top-flight contender during this period and won four Primera División titles . The club suffered relegation three times in their history : 1967 , 2000 , and 2007 . They have also been champions of the Segunda División on three occasions : 1968 , 2006 , and 2014 , granting them promotion to the first division . In 2014 , they won the Segunda División and they currently compete in the Primera División Peruana . Deportivo Municipal was one of the first Peruvian clubs to participate in a South American international football competition . In 1948 , they were invited to the South American Championship of Champions and finished fourth where clubs from seven of the then nine CONMEBOL football associations participated .
The Estadio Nacional of Peru is a multi-purpose stadium located in Lima , Peru . Its current capacity is 40,000 seats as stated by the Peruvian Football Federation without the lodges for some thousands more . The stadium was first inaugurated on 27 October 1952 for the 1953 South American Championship - replacing the Stadium Nacional - and is Peru 's principal and national stadium . It has hosted three of the six South American Championship/Copa América football competitions held in Peru . It is referred to as the Coloso de José Díaz because of its proximity to a street of the same name . It is the home ground of the Peru national football team . The IPD ( Peruvian Sport Institute ) - a branch of the Ministry of Education - is the stadium 's administrating entity . The stadium has undergone several renovations for tournaments such as the 2004 Copa América . The artificial turf was installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship . It will probably be used at the 2021 FIFA U-17 World Cup . The most recent renovation started in 2010 and concluded in 2011 . The re-inauguration ceremony of the renovated stadium was held on 24 July 2011 with a match between the Peru national under-20 football team and the Spain national under-20 football team .
Deportivo Wanka is a Peruvian football club , based in the city of Huancayo in the Peruvian Andes . It was founded in 1996 and is named after the Wankas people who formerly inhabited the area and after whom the city of Huancayo is named . The current Deportivo Wanka is merged with Deportivo Pesquero of Chimbote but its home city is still Huancayo . They play their home games at Estadio Huancayo . Their last First Division participation was in 2004 . They protested against their relegation and were suspended from participating in any football tournament .
Chimbote [ tʃimˈbote ] ( listen ) ; Quechua : Chimputi ) is the largest city in the Ancash Region of Peru , and the capital of both Santa Province and Chimbote District . The city is located on the coast in Ferrol Bay , 130 km south of Trujillo and 420 kilometers ( 260 mi ) north of Lima on the North Pan-American highway . It is the start of a chain of important cities on the Peruvian north coast like Trujillo , Chiclayo and Piura . The advantages of this geographic location made Chimbote into a transshipment junction for the Santa River valley .
Estadio Municipal Centenario Manuel Rivera Sánchez is a multi-purpose stadium in Chimbote , Peru . It was inaugurated on June 30 , 2007 with a friendly game between the Peru U-17 national football team and the Colombia U-17 national football team . Peru lost 4-2 . It hosts the home games of José Gálvez FBC . The stadium has a capacity of 25,000 people . It replaced Estadio Manuel Gómez Arellano .
Club Juan Aurich S. A. , commonly known as Juan Aurich , is a professional football club based in Chiclayo , Peru . The original Juan Aurich club was founded in 1922 , this incarnation however was founded in 2005 ; they play in the Torneo Descentralizado where they have been playing since attaining promotion when they won the 2007 Copa Perú . They play their home games at the Estadio Elías Aguirre . Although the current Juan Aurich has played for only a few years in the top-flight , three other football clubs named Juan Aurich have played in the Torneo Descentralizado . The first Juan Aurich was founded in 1922 and played in the first division between 1967 and 1983 and again between 1988 and 1991 . Between 1994 and 1996 the merged football club Aurich-Cañaña had a brief spell in the Primera División after they achieved promotion through the 1993 Copa Perú . Finally , a third Juan Aurich football club achieved promotion in 1997 by winning the 1997 Copa Perú . This spell in the first division lasted from 1998 to 2002 . The club 's first major success was won in 2007 with the promotion to the Primera División via the Copa Perú . Four years later they conquered their second major success after winning the 2011 Torneo Descentralizado , defeating Alianza Lima in the third leg of the finals in a penalty shootout .
Chiclayo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ tʃiˈklaʝo ] ; Quechua : Chiklayu ) is the principal city of the Lambayeque region in northern Peru . It is located 13 kilometers inland from the Pacific coast and 770 kilometers from the nation 's capital , Lima . Founded by Spanish explorers as Santa María de los Valles de Chiclayo in the 16th century , it was declared a city on 15 April 1835 by president Felipe Santiago Salaverry . He named Chiclayo the Heroic City to recognize the courage of its citizens in the fight for independence , a title it still holds . Other nicknames for Chiclayo include The Capital of Friendship and the Pearl of the North . Chiclayo is Peru 's fourth-largest city , after Lima , Arequipa , and Trujillo , with a population of 738,000 as of 2011 . The Lambayeque region is the fourth most populous metropolitan area of Peru , with a population of 972,713 in 2009 . The city was founded near an important prehistoric archaeological site , the Northern Wari ruins , which constitute the remains of a city from the 7th to 12th century of the Wari Empire .
Estadio Capitán Remigio Elías Aguirre Romero is a multi-purpose stadium administrated by the governmental Instituto Peruano del Deporte in Chiclayo , Peru . It was built in 1970 named after the 19th century Peruvian sailor Elías Aguirre Romero . Its current spectator capacity is 23,000 ( can be limited to 20,000 for safety reasons ) after the renovations performed for the 2004 Copa América , and had artificial turf installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship . The most recognized club to play at this stadium is Juan Aurich .
Lawn Tennis is a Peruvian sports club , playing in the city of Lima , Peru .
Foot Ball Club Melgar , known simply as FBC Melgar or Melgar , is a Peruvian football club based in Arequipa , Peru . It is one of Peru 's oldest football teams , founded on March 25 , 1915 by a group of football enthusiasts from Arequipa . The team first participated in the Peruvian football league in 1919 in Lima and later was invited to the first true National football league , the Torneo Descentralizado , in 1966 , when four teams from the provinces were invited to join the league . Joining them were Atlético Grau from Piura , Club Octavio Espinoza from Ica and Alfonso Ugarte ( Ch ) from Trujillo . Previously , only teams from Lima and Callao had been allowed to compete for the national championship . Due to a low finish the first year , Melgar was dropped from the league after the first year . After winning the Copa Perú they returned to the First Division where they have remained to this day . Melgar won the Torneo Descentralizado for the first time in 1981 . In the 1983 season the club finished first in the First Stage and at the end the top six teams played a play-off tournament to determine the year 's champion , which Melgar finished in second . FBC Melgar plays its home games at the Estadio Mariano Melgar , but since the Estadio de la UNSA was built in 1990 with a capacity of 40,000 , it has used both .
Arequipa ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aɾeˈkipa ] ; Aymara & Quechua : Ariqipa ) is a city located in the province and the eponymous department of Peru . It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed legal capital of Peru . It is the second most populated city in Peru , after Lima , with an urban population of 1,008,290 inhabitants according to the 2017 national census . Its metropolitan area integrates twenty-one districts , including the foundational central area , which it is the seat of the city government . The city has a Nominal GDP of 9,445 million ( USD ) and a nominal GDP per capita of 10,277 USD , which represents a GDP per capita PPP of 18,610 USD in the period 2015 , being the second city with the highest economic activity in Peru . Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center of Peru , and is considered as the second industrial city of the country . Within its industrial activity the manufactured products and the textile production of wool of camelids . The town maintains close commercial links with Chile , Bolivia , and Brazil and with the cities connected the South trainway , as well as with the port of Matarani . The city was founded on August 15 , 1540 , under the name of Beautiful Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption in the name of Marquis Francisco Pizarro . The September 22 of 1541 , the monarch Carlos V orders that it should be called « City of Arequipa. » In the viceregal period , it acquired importance for its outstanding economic role , and is characterized by the fidelismo towards the Spanish Crown , receiving titles such as Very Noble and Very Loyal and Very Loyal by the crown . In the Republican history of Peru , the city has been the focus of popular , civic and democratic rebellions , it has also been the cradle of outstanding intellectual , political and religious figures of the country . In the Republican era , it is awarded the title of Heroic city of the freedom people of Arequipa .
The Estadio Melgar is a multi-use stadium in Arequipa , Peru . Its primary use is to host football games for Peruvian First Division team FBC Melgar and Peruvian Segunda Division team Sportivo Huracán and Copa Perú teams Senati FBC , FBC Aurora and FBC White Star . The stadium has a seating capacity of 15,000 and includes a running track for track and field events . It was named after Mariano Melgar , a Peruvian patriot and poet from Arequipa . It is also known as Estadio de Cuarto Centenario ( Fourth Centennial Stadium ) since it is in a neighborhood which was built in celebration of the fourth centennial of the Spanish foundation of Arequipa . The stadium was a venue for the 2001 South American Under 17 Football Championship in Peru .
Sport Boys Association , commonly referred to as Sport Boys or simply Boys , is a Peruvian football club based in the port city of Callao . It was founded on Peru 's independence day , July 28 , 1927 . Its classic and historic rival is the Atlético Chalaco against whom dispute the Clasico Porteño derby of Callao . It is considered the fourth most important club in the history of Peruvian football as they have won 6 national titles and have the largest number of international appearances after Universitario , Sporting Cristal and Alianza Lima , teams of Lima .
Callao ( /kɑːˈjɑːoʊ/ ; [ kaˈʎa.o , -ˈʝa- ] ) is a seaside city on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area . Callao is Peru 's chief seaport and home to its main airport , Jorge Chávez International Airport . Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao Region , which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao . Founded in 1537 by the Spanish , the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific , as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the colonial era . Central Callao is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) west of the Historic Centre of Lima .
Estadio Miguel Grau is a multi-use stadium in the Bellavista District of Callao , Peru . The stadium is part of the Sport Village of Callao ( Villa Deportiva del Callao ) or Yahuar Huaca , which is owned by the Callao Regional Government since 2011 . Its use is available to several football teams in the region including Sport Boys , Universidad de San Martín and Academia Cantolao who play their home matches here for the Torneo Descentralizado . The stadium 's maximum capacity is 17,000 and was inaugurated on 16 June 1996 with a match between Sport Boys and Deportivo Pesquero for the 1996 Torneo Descentralizado . The match was a 3-1 win for Sport Boys . Floodlight towers were installed in 2003 .
Club Sporting Cristal is a Peruvian football team . Based in the Rímac District , in the department of Lima , it plays in the professional league known as the Peruvian First Division . Sporting Cristal has won the league title 19 times , and it is the Peruvian team with the third most National titles . All its titles have been won in the professional era . It is one of the most popular football teams in Peru , along with Universitario and Alianza Lima ; it is the youngest of the three . In 1997 , it became the second Peruvian football club to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores , an international competition . Sporting Cristal plays its home games at the Estadio Alberto Gallardo . They also play at the Estadio Nacional for international competitions such as Copa Libertadores or Copa Sudamericana . The Estadio Nacional is also the venue for matches against Universitario and Alianza Lima .
Estadio Alberto Gallardo is a football stadium in the Rimac District of Lima , Peru , named after Alberto Gallardo , a former Peruvian football player and manager who played several years for Sporting Cristal . It is the home of football club Sporting Cristal . The stadium was built in the 1960s along the Rímac River for local football use and originally named Estadio San Martín de Porres . Many clubs playing in the Primera División , Segunda División , and district leagues of San Martín de Porres were among the many tenants the stadium had . In 1995 , Sporting Cristal - one of the regular first division tenants of the stadium - decided to lease the venue from the Instituto Peruano del Deporte . The club recently signed a new lease contract for 10 years and will expire in 2022 . The stadium itself has hosted few high-risk matches due to the limited access to the stadium and the low capacity of 20,000 .
Unión Minas is a Peruvian football club , playing in the city of Cerro de Pasco . The club were founded 23 April 1974 and play in the Copa Perú which is the third division of the Peruvian league .
Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru , located at the top of the Andean mountains . It is the capital of the Pasco region , and an important mining center . At 4,330 metres ( 14,210 ft ) elevation , it is one of the highest cities in the world , and the highest or the second highest city with over 50,000 inhabitants , with elevation reaching up to 4,380 m in the Yanacancha area . It is connected by road and by rail to the capital Lima , as far as 300 km .
Estadio Daniel Alcides Carrión is a multi-use stadium located in Cerro de Pasco , Peru . It is used by football team Unión Minas . The stadium holds 8,000 people and is the highest stadium in the world , with an altitude of 4,380 meters ( 13,973 ft ) above sea level . This makes it very difficult for players who are not used to playing at this height and has caused some controversy . Coordinates : 10°41′06″S 76°14′53″W / 10.6850°S 76.2480°W / -10.6850 ; -76.2480
Club Universitario de Deportes , also popularly known as Universitario and La U , is a Peruvian football club located in Lima . The club was founded in 1924 under the name Federación Universitaria by students of the National University of San Marcos but was forced to rename in 1931 . Since 1928 , the club competes in the top tier of Peruvian football , the Torneo Descentralizado . In 2000 , they opened the 80,000-capacity stadium Estadio Monumental , currently the largest stadium in Peru and South America , retiring their smaller Estadio Teodoro Lolo Fernandez . Universitario and Alianza Lima are involved in the derby el Clásico , which has its roots in the club 's first participation in the Primera División in 1928 . It also has rivalries with Sporting Cristal , Deportivo Municipal , and Sport Boys . Universitario has won twenty-six first division titles , it was the first Peruvian club to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores . The club won its first Peruvian title in 1929 , one year after its debut in the first division . The club won its first double in the seasons of 1945 and 1946 and won its only treble after conquering the 2000 season . Universitario is one of the two most popular teams in Peru . Universitario 's youth team is U América FC which currently participates in the Copa Perú . According to the International Federation of Football History and Statistics , an international organization recognized by FIFA , Universitario was the best Peruvian club of the 20th century and the 28th most successful in South America .