List of solar thermal power stations
Cancelled
Table:
Solar thermal power stations cancelled

Electrical capacity (MW)
Name
Country
Location
Coordinates
Technology
Notes

1,600
Sandstone Solar Energy Project
US
Nye County, Nevada
37°54′00″N 116°42′00″W﻿ / ﻿37.90000°N 116.70000°W﻿ / 37.90000; -116.70000﻿ (Sandstone Solar Energy Project)
solar power tower
8 units with 10h heat storage[111]

1,000
Blythe Solar Power Project
US
Blythe, California

Parabolic trough
4 units, converted to 485 MW PV[112]

850
Stirling Energy Systems Solar One Project
US
San Bernardino County, California

Dish Stirling
converted to 618 MW PV, license terminated 27 August 2013[113]

750
Stirling Energy Systems Solar Two Project
US
Imperial County, California

Dish Stirling
converted to 594 MW PV[114]

500
Palen Solar Power Project
US
Riverside County, California

Parabolic trough
2 units, certification expired 15 December 2015[115]

250
Ridgecrest Solar Power Project
US
Kern County, California

Parabolic trough
2 units, license terminated 22 April 2014[116]

160
Luz SEGS XI-XII Project
US
San Bernardino County, California

Parabolic trough
license expired 22 September 1989[117]

150
Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project
Australia
Port Augusta, South Australia
32°12′S 137°36′E﻿ / ﻿32.2°S 137.6°E﻿ / -32.2; 137.6﻿ (Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project)
solar power tower
[118]

100
El Reboso 2+3
Spain
La Puebla del Rio (Seville)

Parabolic trough[119][120]

100
SCE Solar 100
US
Johnson Valley, California

Solar power tower
license expired 1983[121]

100
Diwakar
India
Askandra

Parabolic trough
2014, Parabolic trough with 3h heat storage[122]

100
KVK Energy Solar Project
India
Askandra

Parabolic trough
2014, Parabolic trough with 4h heat storage[123]

Taking into account the table as well as the context snippets provided at the end.

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Nameplate capacity , also known as the rated capacity , nominal capacity , installed capacity , or maximum effect , is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power plant , electric generator , a chemical plant , fuel plant , metal refinery , mine , and many others . Nameplate capacity is the number registered with authorities for classifying the power output of a power station usually expressed in megawatts ( MW ) . Power plants with an output consistently near their nameplate capacity have a high capacity factor .
The watt ( symbol : W ) is a unit of power . In the International System of Units ( SI ) it is defined as a derived unit of 1 joule per second , and is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer . In SI base units , the watt is described as k g m 2 s − 3 { \displaystyle kg\ , m^ { 2 } s^ { -3 } } , which can be demonstrated to coherent by dimensional analysis . The watt is named after James Watt , an 18th century scottish inventor .
The Sandstone Solar Energy Project was an up to 1,600 megawatt ( MW ) solar thermal power project with 16 gigawatt-hours of energy storage , planned just to the east of Tonopah , about 170 miles ( 270 km ) northwest of Las Vegas . The project was about up to eight 200 MW solar towers with integrated molten salt energy storage technology . The project , developed by SolarReserve and owned by Sandstone Solar Energy , LLC . was anticipated to cost about $ 5 billion . Planned energy output is 5,600 GW·h per year . The project includes heliostats that collect and focus the sun 's thermal energy to heat molten salt flowing through a solar power tower . The molten salt circulates from the tower to a storage tank , where it is then used to produce steam and generate electricity . Excess thermal energy is stored in the molten salt and can be used to generate power for up to ten hours , including during the evening hours and when direct sunlight is not available . The storage technology also eliminates the need for any backup fossil fuels , such as natural gas . Estimated construction start was in 2022 . Each tower was be constructed within a 24-month construction cycle , staggered 6 months , expecting about 5 and half years to complete . In March 2019 , the U.S. Bureau of Land Management confirmed that Sandstone Solar Energy has withdrawn its application for a construction and operation right-of-way on federal land for this project .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
Nye County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 43,946 . Its county seat is Tonopah . At 18,159 square miles ( 47,030 km2 ) , Nye is the largest county by area in the state and the third-largest county in the contiguous United States ( thus excluding the boroughs of Alaska ) . Nye County comprises the Pahrump , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Las Vegas-Henderson , NV-AZ Combined Statistical Area . In 2010 , the center of population of Nevada was in southern Nye County , near Yucca Mountain . The Nevada Test Site and proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository are in the southwestern part of the county , and are the focus of a great deal of political and public controversy in the state . The federal government manages 92 percent of the county 's land . A 1987 attempt to deposit the nuclear waste resulted in the creation of Bullfrog County , Nevada , which was dissolved two years later . The county has several environmentally sensitive areas , including Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge , the White River Valley , several Great Basin sky islands and a portion of Death Valley National Park . Visitors to Death Valley often stay at Beatty or Amargosa Valley . Nye County is one of 11 Nevada counties where prostitution is legal .
The Blythe Mesa Solar Power Project , also known as the Blythe Solar Energy Center , is a 235 megawatt ( MWAC ) photovoltaic power plant near the city of Blythe in Riverside County , California . It occupies about 2,000 acres of public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management in the Mojave Desert . The construction uses CdTe thin film panels from the U.S. firm First Solar , and the majority of the output is being sold to Kaiser Permanente and Southern California Edison under 20-year power purchase agreements . The project is located adjacent to the 250 MW McCoy Solar Energy Project , together forming a larger 485 MW complex .
Blythe is a city in Riverside County , California , United States , in the Palo Verde Valley of the Lower Colorado River Valley region , an agricultural area and part of the Colorado Desert along the Colorado River , approximately 224 miles ( 360 km ) east of Los Angeles and 150 miles ( 240 km ) west of Phoenix . Blythe was named after Thomas H. Blythe , a San Francisco financier , who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the region in 1877 . The city was incorporated on July 21 , 1916 . The population was 20,817 at the 2010 census .
Stirling Energy Systems is a Scottsdale , Arizona-based company which developed equipment for utility-scale renewable energy power plants and distributed electrical generating systems using parabolic dish and stirling engine technology , touted as the highest efficiency solar technology . In April 2008 , Ireland-based NTR purchased a majority stake in Stirling Energy Systems for $ 100M . As of 8/3/2011 NTR reported they were seeking 3rd party investment in Stirling Energy Systems . ] On 29 September 2011 Stirling Energy Systems filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy , due to falling PV prices caused by subsidized Chinese Photo Voltaic In April 2012 the Maricopa Solar plant in Phoenix , Arizona was bought by British company United Sun Systems in a joint venture with a Chinese/American corporation .
San Bernardino County , officially the County of San Bernardino , is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California , and is located within the Inland Empire area . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 2,035,210 , making it the fifth-most populous county in California and the 14th-most populous in the United States . The county seat is San Bernardino . While included within the Greater Los Angeles area , San Bernardino County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan statistical area ( also known as the Inland Empire ) , as well as the Los Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area . With an area of 20,105 square miles ( 52,070 km2 ) , San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area , although some of Alaska 's boroughs and census areas are larger . The county is close to the size of West Virginia . This vast county stretches from where the bulk of the county population resides in three Census County Divisions ( Ontario , San Bernardino , & Victorville-Hesperia ) , holding 1,793,186 people as of the 2010 Census , covering the 1,730 square miles ( 4,480 km2 ) , across the thinly populated deserts and mountains . It spans an area from south of the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino Valley , to the Nevada border and the Colorado River .
Solar thermal energy ( STE ) is a form of energy and a technology for harnessing solar energy to generate thermal energy or electrical energy for use in industry , and in the residential and commercial sectors .
Mount Signal Solar , also known as Imperial Valley Solar Project , is a 594 MWp ( 460 MWAC ) photovoltaic power station west of Calexico , California in the southern Imperial Valley , near the Mexican border . The facility is being developed and constructed by 8minutenergy Renewables in three phases , with two completed as of 2018 . At full build-out , it will be one of the world 's largest PV solar farms with a capacity of about 800 MWp ( 600 MWAC ) . The project has been supported by several environmental groups , as the power station was built on low productivity farmland .
Imperial County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 174,528 . The county seat is El Centro . Established in 1907 from a division of San Diego County , it was the last county to be formed in California . Imperial County includes the El Centro , California Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is also part of the Southern California border region , the smallest but most economically diverse region in the state . It is located in the Imperial Valley , in the far southeast of California , bordering both Arizona and the Mexican state of Baja California . Although this region is a desert , with high temperatures and low average rainfall of 3 inches ( 76 mm ) per year , the economy is heavily based on agriculture due to irrigation , supplied wholly from the Colorado River via the All-American Canal . The Imperial Valley is divided between the United States and Mexico , and Imperial County is heavily influenced by Mexican culture . Approximately 80% of the county 's population is Hispanic , with the vast majority being of Mexican origin . The remainder of the population is predominantly non-Hispanic white as well as smaller African American , Native American and Asian minorities . In 2016 , Imperial County had the highest percentage of unemployed people of any county in the United States , at 23.5% .
Riverside County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,189,641 , making it the fourth-most populous county in California and the 11th-most populous in the United States . The name was derived from the city of Riverside , which is the county seat . Riverside County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area , also known as the Inland Empire . The county is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Combined Statistical Area . Roughly rectangular , Riverside County covers 7,208 square miles ( 18,670 km2 ) in Southern California , spanning from the greater Los Angeles area to the Arizona border . Geographically , the county is mostly desert in the central and eastern portions , but has a Mediterranean climate in the western portion . Most of Joshua Tree National Park is located in the county . The resort cities of Palm Springs , Palm Desert , Indian Wells , La Quinta , Rancho Mirage , and Desert Hot Springs are all located in the Coachella Valley region of central Riverside County . Large numbers of Los Angeles area workers have moved to the county in recent years ( data from the US Census Bureau for 2007 through 2011 ) to take advantage of relatively affordable housing . Along with neighboring San Bernardino County , it was one of the fastest growing regions in the state prior to the recent changes in the regional economy . In addition , smaller , but significant , numbers of people have been moving into southwest Riverside County from the San Diego metropolitan area .
Kern County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 839,631 . Its county seat is Bakersfield . Kern County comprises the Bakersfield , California , Metropolitan statistical area . The county spans the southern end of the Central Valley . Covering 8,161.42 square miles ( 21,138.0 km2 ) , it ranges west to the southern slope of the Coast Ranges , and east beyond the southern slope of the eastern Sierra Nevada into the Mojave Desert , at the city of Ridgecrest . Its northernmost city is Delano , and its southern reach expands just beyond Lebec to Grapevine , and the northern extremity of the parallel Antelope Valley . The county 's economy is heavily linked to agriculture and to petroleum extraction . There is also a strong aviation , space , and military presence , such as Edwards Air Force Base , the China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station , and the Mojave Air and Space Port . The county is one of the fastest-growing areas in the United States in terms of population growth , but suffers from significant water supply issues and poor air quality .
Solar Energy Generating Systems ( SEGS ) is a concentrated solar power plant in California , United States . With the combined capacity from three separate locations at 354 megawatt ( MW ) , it is the world 's second largest solar thermal energy generating facility , after the commissioning of the even larger Ivanpah facility in 2014 . It consists of nine solar power plants in California 's Mojave Desert , where insolation is among the best available in the United States . SEGS I-II ( 44 MW ) are located at Daggett ( 34°51′45″N 116°49′45″W / 34.86250°N 116.82917°W / 34.86250 ; -116.82917 ) , SEGS III-VII ( 150 MW ) are installed at Kramer Junction ( 35°00′43″N 117°33′32″W / 35.01194°N 117.55889°W / 35.01194 ; -117.55889 ) , and SEGS VIII-IX ( 160 MW ) are placed at Harper Lake ( 35°01′55″N 117°20′50″W / 35.03194°N 117.34722°W / 35.03194 ; -117.34722 ) . NextEra Energy Resources operates and partially owns the plants located at Kramer Junction . On January 26 , 2018 , the SEGS VIII and IX at Harper Lake were sold to renewable energy company Terra-Gen , LLC . A tenth plant ( SEGS X , 80 MW ) had been in construction and SEGS XI and SEGS XII had been planned by Luz Industries , but the developer filed for bankruptcy in 1992 , because it was unable to secure construction financing .
Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project was a planned solar power tower solar thermal power plant to be located north of Port Augusta in South Australia . It was planned to generate 150 MW of electricity after it was completed in 2020 . Storage capacity would have been up to 8 hours at full power . The facility was expected to produce 495 GWh of electricity annually . It was to be 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) north of Port Augusta on Carriewerloo Station . On 5 April 2019 , South Australian Energy Minister Dan van Holst Pellekaan announced the cancellation of the project .
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) .
Port Augusta is a small city in South Australia . Formerly a seaport , it is now a road traffic and railway junction city mainly located on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf immediately south of the gulf 's head and about 322 kilometres ( 200 mi ) north of the state capital , Adelaide . The suburb of Port Augusta West is located on the west side of the gulf on the Eyre Peninsula . Other major industries included , up until the mid-2010s , electricity generation . At June 2018 , the estimated urban population was 13,799 , > having declined at an average annual rate of -0.53% over the preceding five years .
South Australia ( abbreviated as SA ) is a state in the southern central part of Australia . It covers some of the most arid parts of the country . With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres ( 379,725 sq mi ) , it is the fourth-largest of Australia 's states and territories by area , and fifth largest by population . It has a total of 1.7 million people , and its population is the second most highly centralised in Australia , after Western Australia , with more than 77 percent of South Australians living in the capital , Adelaide , or its environs . Other population centres in the state are relatively small ; Mount Gambier , the second largest centre , has a population of 28,684 . South Australia shares borders with all of the other mainland states , and with the Northern Territory ; it is bordered to the west by Western Australia , to the north by the Northern Territory , to the north-east by Queensland , to the east by New South Wales , to the south-east by Victoria , and to the south by the Great Australian Bight . The state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories . The majority of its people reside in greater Metropolitan Adelaide . Most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray . The state 's colonial origins are unique in Australia as a freely settled , planned British province , rather than as a convict settlement . Colonial government commenced on 28 December 1836 , when the members of the council were sworn in near the Old Gum Tree . [ citation needed ] As with the rest of the continent , the region has a long history of human occupation by numerous tribes and languages .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
La Puebla del Río is a city located in the province of Seville , Spain . According to the 2016 census ( INE ) , the city has a population of 11995 inhabitants . With a surface of 377,1 square km and located 15 km away SW from Seville ( Sevilla ) La Puebla del Río is located 37°16′N , 6°03′W at an altitude of 20m . Products such as rice , oranges , corn , cotton , sunflower or wheat are common crops in this town .
Seville ( /səˈvɪl/ ; Spanish : Sevilla [ seˈβiʎa ] ( listen ) ) is a Spanish city , the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville . It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir , in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula . Seville has a municipal population of about 690,000 as of 2016 [ update ] , and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million , making it the largest city in Andalusia , the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 30th most populous municipality in the European Union . Its old town , with an area of 4 square kilometres ( 2 sq mi ) , contains three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Alcázar palace complex , the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies . The Seville harbour , located about 80 kilometres ( 50 miles ) from the Atlantic Ocean , is the only river port in Spain [ citation needed ] . Seville experiences high temperatures in the Summer , with daily maximums routinely above 35 °C ( 95 °F ) in July and August . Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis . It became known as Ishbiliyya after the Muslim conquest in 712 . During the Muslim rule in Spain , Seville came under the jurisdiction of the Caliphate of Córdoba before becoming the independent Taifa of Seville ; later it was ruled by the Muslim Almoravids and the Almohads until finally being incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III in 1248 . After the discovery of the Americas , Seville became one of the economic centres of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contratación ( House of Trade ) wielded its power , opening a Golden Age of arts and literature . In 1519 , Ferdinand Magellan departed from Seville for the first circumnavigation of the Earth . Coinciding with the Baroque period of European history , the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city 's culture ; then began a gradual economic and demographic decline as silting in the Guadalquivir forced the trade monopoly to relocate to the nearby port of Cádiz .
Johnson Valley is a small unincorporated community in San Bernardino County in Southern California between the Victor Valley and Morongo Basin areas of the High Desert region of California . It is located north of Highway 247 in the Mojave Desert , and north by northwest of Yucca Valley . It is bordered by the San Bernardino Mountains to the south , Lucerne Valley to the west , and Landers to the east . Geographically , Johnson Valley is the East Portion of Lucerne Valley ( referring to the geographical valley formation rather than the unincorporated town ) , opening up to the Homestead Valley in the Southeast to the communities of Flamingo Heights , Landers and Yucca Valley .
India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .