List of New World monkey species
Extant species -- Family : Aotidae
Table:
Scientific name

Common name

Classified

Average size

Conservation status

References

Aotus lemurinus

Gray-bellied night monkey

1843 I. Geoffroy

1,300 g (46 oz)

vulnerable

[114][115]

Aotus zonalis

Panamanian night monkey

1843 I. Geoffroy

889–916 g (31.4–32.3 oz)

data deficient

[116][117]

Aotus griseimembra

Gray-handed night monkey

1912 Elliot

923–1,009 g (32.6–35.6 oz)

vulnerable

[116][118]

Aotus jorgehernandezi

Hernández-Camacho's night monkey

2007 Defler and Bueno

data deficient

[116][119]

Aotus brumbacki

Brumback's night monkey

1983 Hershkovitz

vulnerable

[116][119]

Aotus trivirgatus

Three-striped night monkey

1823 Spix

1,000 g (35 oz)

least concern

[120][121]

Aotus vociferans

Spix's night monkey

1811 Humboldt

least concern

[122][123]

Aotus miconax

Peruvian night monkey

1927 Thomas

vulnerable

[124][125]

Aotus nancymaae

Nancy Ma's night monkey

1983 Hershkovitz

least concern

[126][127]

Aotus azarae

Azara's night monkey

1811 Humboldt

least concern

[128][129]

Aotus nigriceps

Black-headed night monkey

1909 Dollman

least concern

[130][131]

By analysing the given table and the context snippets listed.

Respond to the question below: What is the primary living place for this night monkey studied by the German biologist who contributed his collections to the Museum of Ethnography in Munich ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

The gray-bellied night monkey ( Aotus lemurinus ) , also called the grey-legged douroucouli or lemurine owl monkey , is a small New World monkey of the family Aotidae . Native to tropical and subtropical forests of South America , the gray-bellied night monkey faces a significant threat from hunting , harvesting for use in pharmaceutical research and habitat destruction .
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 16 December 1805 - 10 November 1861 ) was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure . In 1854 he coined the term éthologie ( ethology ) .
The Panamanian night monkey or Chocoan night monkey ( Aotus zonalis ) is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae . Its range consists of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia . There are also unconfirmed reports of its occurrence in Costa Rica , especially on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica . The species definitely occurs in the Atlantic lowlands of Panama close to the Costa Rica border . The exact classification of the Panamanian Night Monkey is uncertain . While some authors consider it a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey , A. lemurinus , other authors follow a study by Thomas Defler from 2001 , which concluded that it is a separate species , A. zonalis . The Panamanian night monkey is a relatively small monkey , with males weighing approximately 889 grams ( 31.4 oz ) and females weighing about 916 grams ( 32.3 oz ) . The fur on the back ranges from grayish brown to reddish brown . The belly is yellow . The hair on the back of the hands and feet is black or dark brown , which is a key distinguishing feature from other northern gray-necked Aotus species ; also , its hair is shorter . Other distinguishing features relate to its skull , which has a broad braincase , a depressed interorbital region , and large molariform teeth . Like other night monkeys , the Panamanian night monkey has large eyes , befitting its nocturnal lifestyle .
The gray-handed night monkey ( Aotus griseimembra ) is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of Gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae . Its range consists of parts of Colombia and Venezuela . The exact classification of the gray-handed night monkey is uncertain . While some authors consider it a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey , A. lemurinus , other authors consider it a separate species , A. griseimembra . In Colombia , its range consists of the northern portion from the Sinú River ( or perhaps further east ) to the Venezuelan border , including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Magdalena River , Cauca River and Sao Jorge River valleys . In Venezuela , it is found to the west and south of Maracaibo . The gray-handed night monkey is a relatively small monkey , with males weighing approximately 1,009 grams ( 35.6 oz ) and females weighing about 923 grams ( 32.6 oz ) . It has short , tight fur . The fur on the back ranges from grayish brown to reddish brown . The belly is yellowish . The hair on the back of the hands and feet is the color of light coffee with darker hair tips , a key distinguishing feature from other A. lemurinus subspecies . The gray-handed night monkey is arboreal and nocturnal .
Daniel Giraud Elliot ( March 7 , 1835 - December 22 , 1915 ) was an American zoologist and the founder of the American Ornithologist Union .
Hernández-Camacho 's night monkey ( Aotus jorgehernandezi ) is a species of night monkey of the family Aotidae . It was first described in 2007 by Thomas Defler and Marta Bueno . It has a gray neck and a white patch over each eye , separated by a black band . The fur on the chest , belly , lower arms and lower wrists is thick and white . It differs from other gray-necked night monkey species other than Brumback 's night monkey in having 50 chromosomes . It is believed to live in Colombia on the western slopes and foothills of the Andes , between Quindío and Risaralda . It is possible that it occurs in Tatamá Natural National Park . This range is currently also considered part of the range of the Panamanian night monkey . The Latin name honors the late Colombian biologist Jorge Hernández-Camacho .
Thomas R. Defler ( born 26 November 1941 ; Denver , Colorado ) is a North American primatologist who lives and works in Colombia . He earned his PhD from the University of Colorado at Denver in 1976 and then he moved to Colombia . Defler worked in eastern Colombia , in the Llanos until 1984 and then in the Amazonian Vaupés Department where he developed and lived in his research station , Estación Biológica Caparú until 1998 when he was obligated to flee from his research station by FARC guerrillas . He had run a primate rehabilitation center in Vaupes . He is the author of many papers about primates and of the books Primates de Colombia ( 2003 ) , Primates of Colombia ( 2004 ) and Historia Natural de los Primates Colombianos ( 2010 ) . He also edited a monograph on woolly monkeys . Currently , he heads another Amazonian research station that he has developed in the southern Colombian Amazon , Estación Ecológica Omé , that is affiliated with the National University of Colombia and he teaches at the Bogotá campus of the same university . He and the Colombian biologist Marta Bueno are credited with first describing Hernández-Camacho 's night monkey ( Aotus jorgehernandezi ) in 2007 . Together with Javier Garcia , he led an expedition in which they discovered and described a new species of titi monkey , the Caquetá titi ( Callicebus caquetensis ) . Using karyotypes , Defler has done work clarifying the taxonomy of various species of night monkey ( Aotus ) . He has done field studies in the Colombian llanos and the Colombian Amazon on the white-fronted capuchin ( Cebus albifrons ) , the brown woolly monkey ( Lagothrix lagothricha ) , the black-headed uakari ( Cacajao melanocephalus ) , the black titi ( Callicebus lugens ) , the Lucifer titi ( Callicebus lucifer ) , and the Venezuelan red howler ( Alouatta seniculus ) and has accomplished many primate censuses in different parts of eastern Colombia .
Brumback 's night monkey ( Aotus brumbacki ) is a species of night monkey found in Colombia . It has traditionally been considered a subspecies of gray-bellied night monkey , Aotus lemurinus . but it has recently been argued that it should be considered a separate species .
Philip Hershkovitz ( 12 October 1909 - 15 February 1997 ) was an American mammalogist . Born in Pittsburgh , he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals . In 1947 , he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his death . He has published much on the mammals of the Neotropics , particularly primates and rodents , and described almost 70 new species and subspecies of mammals . About a dozen species have been named after him .
The three-striped night monkey ( Aotus trivirgatus ) , also known as northern night monkey or northern owl monkey , is one of several species of owl monkeys currently recognised . It is found in Venezuela and north-central Brazil . Until 1983 , all the owl monkeys were regarded as subspecies of Aotus trivirgatus , and all were referred to as douroucoulis . The use of the name douroucouli exclusively for the three-striped night monkey is not universally accepted ; some authors use it for the entire genus , or for the grey-necked group of species within it ( to which A. trivirgatus belongs ) . Like other owl monkeys , the three-striped night monkey lives in woodlands including rain forest . It is mainly black , with striking white markings on its face . Its body size is 27-48 cm , and its tail is about the same length again . Adults weigh up to 1 kg . It has very large eyes , and is most active on moonlit nights , feeding on fruit , nuts , leaves , insects and other small invertebrates , and birds ' eggs . The three-striped night monkey forms pair bonds which are broken only by the death of one partner . It lives in family groups , with the immature young staying with their parents until sexual maturity at the age of 3 or 4 . Normally only one infant is born , after a gestation period of a little over 4 months .
Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix ( 9 February 1781 - 13 March 1826 ) was a German biologist . From his expedition to Brazil he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants , insects , mammals , birds , amphibians and fish . They constitute an important basis for today 's National Zoological Collection in Munich . Numerous examples of his ethnographic collections , such as dance masks and the like , are now part of the collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Munich .
Spix 's night monkey ( Aotus vociferans ) is a night monkey species from South America . It is found in Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . The Spix 's night monkey is a small bodied monkey species usually having a mass of around one kilogram . It belongs to the only nocturnal genus of New World primates Aotus . This type of monkey can leap farther than most due to it having longer arms than legs . The monkey averages 0.5 meters in height . The night monkey is considered to be a new world monkey . The social behavior of the Aotus vociferans is group based . These groups usually consist of breeding pairs and their offspring . This species has a monogamous mating system . After the offspring are born , the father becomes the main caretaker , only giving up the offspring for them to suckle . The offspring will usually stay with their birth group until they reach two and a half to three and a half years old .
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt ( 14 September 1769 - 6 May 1859 ) was a Prussian polymath , geographer , naturalist , explorer , and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science . He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister , philosopher , and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt ( 1767-1835 ) . Humboldt 's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography . Humboldt 's advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement laid the foundation for modern geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring . Between 1799 and 1804 , Humboldt travelled extensively in the Americas , exploring and describing them for the first time from a modern scientific point of view . His description of the journey was written up and published in an enormous set of volumes over 21 years . Humboldt was one of the first people to propose that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean were once joined ( South America and Africa in particular ) . Humboldt resurrected the use of the word cosmos from the ancient Greek and assigned it to his multivolume treatise , Kosmos , in which he sought to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge and culture . This important work also motivated a holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity . He was the first person to describe the phenomenon and cause of human-induced climate change , in 1800 and again in 1831 , based on observations generated during his travels .
The Peruvian night monkey ( Aotus miconax ) , also known as the Andean night monkey , is a nocturnal New World monkey endemic to northern Peru . Adults weigh around 1 kg ( 2.2 lb ) and measure up to 50 cm ( 20 in ) in length . Its colour is grey to light brown with characteristic black and white markings on the face . The chest , belly and upper arms are orange tinged , however , to a lesser extent then Aotus nigriceps . The species is one of the least known and possibly rarest Neotropical primates . This species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN and endangered under Peruvian Law . The Peruvian night monkey is also one of the least studied of all primates . The only data that exists about this species are museum specimens , sighting records and very basic ecological information . The species is thought to inhabit areas of cloud forest at 900-2,800 m ( 3,000-9,200 ft ) above sea level in the departments of Amazonas , Huanuco and San Martin , and in border regions of neighboring departments .
Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas FRS FZS ( 21 February 1858 - 16 June 1929 ) was a British zoologist .
Nancy Ma 's night monkey ( Aotus nancymaae ) is a night monkey species from South America . It is found in Brazil and Peru . It is known in medical research as a model organism for studying the Duffy antigen .
Azara 's night monkey ( Aotus azarae ) , also known as the southern night monkey , is a night monkey species from South America . It is found in Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil , Peru and Paraguay . The species is monogamous , with the males providing a large amount of parental care . It is named after Spanish naturalist Félix de Azara . Although primarily nocturnal , some populations of Azara 's night monkey are unique among night monkeys in being active both day and night . The species is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List .
The black-headed night monkey ( Aotus nigriceps ) is a night monkey species from South America . It is found in Bolivia , Brazil and Peru .
Captain John Guy Dollman BA , FLS ( 4 September 1886 - 21 March 1942 ) , known as Guy Dollman , was a British zoologist and taxonomist . Dollman 's tree mouse and Dollman 's vlei rat are named after him .