Tin tabernacle
Churches and chapels -- England
Table:
Name

Location

Photograph

Denomination

Notes

St John's Church

Adlington, Cheshire
53°19′10″N 2°06′49″W﻿ / ﻿53.3195°N 2.1137°W﻿ / 53.3195; -2.1137﻿ (St John's Church, Adlington)

Anglican

St John's Church was built in 1892 and continues in active use as an Anglican mission church to St Peter's Church, Prestbury.[16][17][18][19]

Mission Church

Alhampton, Somerset
51°06′35″N 2°31′58″W﻿ / ﻿51.1098°N 2.5327°W﻿ / 51.1098; -2.5327﻿ (Mission Church, Alhampton)

Anglican

The church was built in 1892 at a cost of £250; it seats 55 people. It continues in active use as a mission church to St Mary Magdalene, Ditcheat.[20][21]

Free Church Mission Hall

Ashtead, Surrey
51°18′49″N 0°18′37″W﻿ / ﻿51.3135°N 0.3102°W﻿ / 51.3135; -0.3102﻿ (Former Free Church Mission Hall, Ashtead)

None (formerly Baptist)

Ashtead's first Baptist church was opened in 1895[22] and appears in that year's Ordnance Survey map as a mission hall.[23] A new church superseded it in 1924,[24] but the building survives and is used by the Epsom and Ewell Conservative Association.[25]

St Felix Chapel

Babingley, Norfolk
52°48′32″N 0°29′02″E﻿ / ﻿52.8089°N 0.4839°E﻿ / 52.8089; 0.4839﻿ (St Felix Chapel, Babingley)

British Orthodox Church (formerly Anglican)

St Felix Chapel is a thatched, cruciform tin tabernacle. It was erected in 1880 and was at one time an Anglican parish church. It was made redundant by the Church of England and is used by the British Orthodox Church.[26]

Bartley Tin Church

Bartley, Hampshire
50°54′33″N 1°33′16″W﻿ / ﻿50.90909°N 1.55435°W﻿ / 50.90909; -1.55435﻿ (Bartley Tin Church)

None

(formerly Anglican)

The church was built in 1900 and continued in use as an Anglican church until 1992. In 1998 it was sold by the Diocese of Winchester to the local community, who have developed it into a village hall.[27]

Oldfield Park Methodist Church (*)

Bath, Somerset

(formerly Methodist)

Built in about 1892, Oldfield Park Methodist Church closed in 2009.[28]

Church of the Ascension

Bedmond, Hertfordshire
51°43′23″N 0°24′39″W﻿ / ﻿51.7230°N 0.4108°W﻿ / 51.7230; -0.4108﻿ (Church of the Ascension, Bedmond)

Anglican

The Church of the Ascension was built in 1880 at a cost of £80. A copper-coated steeple was added in 2005. It continues as an active church in the parish of St Lawrence, Abbots Langley,[29][30] and has Grade II listed status.[31]

Christ Church (Blackgang Mission)

Blackgang, Isle of Wight
50°35′41″N 1°19′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.5948°N 1.3168°W﻿ / 50.5948; -1.3168﻿ (Christ Church (Blackgang Mission), Blackgang)

None

(formerly Baptist)

The chapel opened in 1895 in the hamlet of Blackgang within Chale parish and was registered for marriages in July 1900, replacing an earlier mission hall. In 1912 it was described as undenominational. It is now used as a holiday cottage.[32][33][34][35]

St Barnabas' Church

Blackwater, Isle of Wight
50°40′30″N 1°17′01″W﻿ / ﻿50.67505°N 1.2835°W﻿ / 50.67505; -1.2835﻿ (St Barnabas' Church, Blackwater)

None

(formerly Anglican)

St Barnabas' Church is now used by a retail business. It was erected in the late 19th century as a chapel of ease in the parish of St George's Church, Arreton, but became redundant in the late 20th century.[32]

Blennerhasset Evangelical Mission

Blennerhasset, Cumbria
54°45′40″N 3°16′48″W﻿ / ﻿54.761222°N 3.279884°W﻿ / 54.761222; -3.279884﻿ (Blennerhasset Evangelical Mission)

Evangelical

In 2007 weekly services were held on Sundays and prayer meetings and bible study on Wednesdays.[36] Today the church has a weekly meeting at 6.15 every Sunday.[37]

St Matthew's Church

Boultham, Lincoln
53°13′14″N 0°33′12″W﻿ / ﻿53.2206°N 0.5532°W﻿ / 53.2206; -0.5532﻿ (St Matthew's Church, Boultham)

None

(formerly Anglican)

St Matthew's was created as a chapel of ease to St Helen's, Boultham, in 1912, to serve workers in local factories. It was extended in 1924 but has since closed, and been damaged by fire.[38][39]

Shaftesbury Hall

Bowes Park, London
51°36′26″N 0°07′16″W﻿ / ﻿51.6071°N 0.1210°W﻿ / 51.6071; -0.1210﻿ (Shaftesbury Hall, Bowes Park)

None

(formerly Baptist)

The hall was built in 1885 as a chapel for railway workers next to Bowes Park railway station. It also became the nucleus of Bounds Green Board School, with lessons held there in the 1880s. As of 2011 the hall, in Herbert Road, is owned by the Samaritans. Plans have been submitted for the development of the site, but are opposed by local residents.[40][41]

All Saints Church

Brokerswood, Wiltshire
51°16′07″N 2°14′05″W﻿ / ﻿51.2685°N 2.2348°W﻿ / 51.2685; -2.2348﻿ (All Saints Church, Brokerswood)

Anglican

All Saints Church was originally built in Southwick to replace an iron church that had been destroyed by fire in 1897. In 1905 it was moved to Brokerswood. It was restored in the 1990s and remains in active use.[42][43] The church was listed at Grade II in January 2014.[44]

St Mary's Church

Burgh Parva,
Melton Constable, Norfolk
52°51′39″N 1°02′02″E﻿ / ﻿52.8607°N 1.0340°E﻿ / 52.8607; 1.0340﻿ (St Mary's Church, Burgh Parva)

Anglican

St Mary's was built in 1903 in the churchyard of an abandoned medieval church to serve as the parish church of Melton Constable. It continues in active use, its benefice being united with those of three other local churches.[45][46]

Former Railway Mission

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk
52°15′14″N 0°42′50″W﻿ / ﻿52.2539°N 0.7138°W﻿ / 52.2539; -0.7138﻿ (Former Railway Mission)

Seventh-Day Adventist (formerly Anglican)

A Railway Mission by Bury St Edmunds railway station was opened for railway workers who raised money to build it in 1900. The chapel was supplied by Boulton and Paul from Norwich and with furniture and fittings cost £317 7s 7d it is now used as a Seventh-day Adventist Church.[47][48]

St Mary's Church

Cadgwith, Cornwall
49°59′16″N 5°10′50″W﻿ / ﻿49.9877°N 5.1806°W﻿ / 49.9877; -5.1806﻿ (St Mary's Church, Cadgwith)

Anglican

St Mary's Church is situated on a footpath in the valley between the car park and the village centre. It was built as a mission church for the village fishermen. It is a chapel of ease to St Rumon, the parish church of Ruan Minor, and a service is held monthly.[49][50]

Old St Columbia's Church (*)

Catisfield, Fareham, Hampshire
50°51′12″N 1°13′26″W﻿ / ﻿50.8532°N 1.2240°W﻿ / 50.8532; -1.2240﻿ (Old St Columbia's Church, Catisfield)

(formerly Anglican)

The original St Columbia's Church was built in 1891 as a mission church to Holy Trinity, Fareham. It continued in active use until 1993 when it became redundant. It was then used as a youth club before it was demolished in the 1990s.[51] The photograph shows the building in 1991.

Sealand Road URC

Chester, Cheshire
53°11′40″N 2°54′01″W﻿ / ﻿53.1944°N 2.9004°W﻿ / 53.1944; -2.9004﻿ (Sealand Road URC, Chester)

(formerly United Reformed Church)

The church was built in 1909 and closed for worship in May 2011. It has been converted for use as a holiday cottage.[52]

St Saviour's Church

Chiddingstone Causeway, Kent
51°11′55″N 0°10′17″E﻿ / ﻿51.1986°N 0.1715°E﻿ / 51.1986; 0.1715﻿ (St Saviour's Church (former), Chiddingstone Causeway)

None

(formerly Anglican)

This was built in about 1875 to serve the village. When a large stone-built church, St Luke's, was erected next to it, the building became surplus to requirements and was moved further along the road to serve as the village hall—a function it has had since about 1902.[53]

Chilworth Mission Church

Chilworth, Surrey
51°12′49″N 0°32′15″W﻿ / ﻿51.2135°N 0.5374°W﻿ / 51.2135; -0.5374﻿ (Chilworth Mission Church (former), Chilworth)

None

(formerly Anglican)

This tin tabernacle was erected in the centre of Chilworth in 1896. It was linked with the parish church of Shalford, although it was in the parish of St Martha's.[54] When St Thomas's Church opened the iron building became the village hall.[55]

Taking into account the accompanying table and the supporting evidence listed below.

Give the answer to the question: What denomination is the church in the village in the civil parish of Arreton ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Adlington is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire , England . It is known as Eduluintune in the Domesday Book . According to the 2001 census the civil parish had a population of 1,081 people across 401 households . There is a mixed , non-denominational primary school in the village . A railway station , located on the Manchester-Macclesfield line , is used mainly by commuters to Manchester and Stockport .
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər , -ɪər/ CHESH-ər , -⁠eer ; archaically the County Palatine of Chester ) is a county in North West England , bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north , Derbyshire to the east , Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south , and Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough in Wales to the west . Cheshire 's county town is the City of Chester ( 118,200 ) ; the largest town is Warrington ( 209,700 ) . Other major towns include Crewe ( 71,722 ) , Runcorn ( 61,789 ) , Widnes ( 61,464 ) , Ellesmere Port ( 55,715 ) , Macclesfield ( 52,044 ) , Winsford ( 32,610 ) and Northwich ( 19,924 ) . The county covers 905 square miles ( 2,344 km2 ) and has a population of around 1 million . It is mostly rural , with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese , salt , chemicals and silk .
The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which has developed from the practices , liturgy , and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation . Adherents of Anglicanism are called Anglicans , or Episcopalians in some countries . The majority of Anglicans are members of national or regional ecclesiastical provinces of the international Anglican Communion , which forms the third-largest Christian communion in the world , after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . They are in full communion with the See of Canterbury , and thus the Archbishop of Canterbury , whom the communion refers to as its primus inter pares ( Latin , first among equals ) . He calls the decennial Lambeth Conference , chairs the meeting of primates , and is the president of the Anglican Consultative Council . Some churches that are not part of the Anglican Communion or recognised by the Anglican Communion also call themselves Anglican , including those that are part of the Continuing Anglican movement and Anglican realignment . Anglicans base their Christian faith on the Bible , traditions of the apostolic Church , apostolic succession ( historic episcopate ) , and the writings of the Church Fathers . Anglicanism forms one of the branches of Western Christianity , having definitively declared its independence from the Holy See at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement . Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Protestantism . These reforms in the Church of England were understood by one of those most responsible for them , Thomas Cranmer , the Archbishop of Canterbury , and others as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions , namely Lutheranism and Calvinism . In the first half of the 17th century , the Church of England and its associated Church of Ireland were presented by some Anglican divines as comprising a distinct Christian tradition , with theologies , structures , and forms of worship representing a different kind of middle way , or via media , between Protestantism and Catholicism - a perspective that came to be highly influential in later theories of Anglican identity and expressed in the description of Anglicanism as Catholic and Reformed . The degree of distinction between Protestant and Catholic tendencies within the Anglican tradition is routinely a matter of debate both within specific Anglican churches and throughout the Anglican Communion .
St Peter 's Church is the parish church of Prestbury , Cheshire , England . It is probably the fourth church on the site . The third , the Norman Chapel , stands in the churchyard . The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building . The Norman Chapel , the lychgate and west wall , the Hearse House , and the sundial in the churchyard are listed at Grade II . It is a Church of England parish church in the diocese of Chester , the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Macclesfield .
Alhampton Mission Church is a Church of England church in Alhampton , Somerset , England . The tin tabernacle was erected in 1892 and now forms part of the Fosse Trinity Benefice .
Somerset ( /ˈsʌmərsɛt/ ( listen ) or locally /ˈzʌmərzɛt/ ; archaically , Somersetshire ) is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north , Wiltshire to the east , Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west . It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel , its coastline facing southeastern Wales . Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon . Somerset 's county town is Taunton . Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills , the Blackdown Hills , Mendip Hills , Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park , and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels . There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times , and of subsequent settlement by the Celts , Romans and Anglo-Saxons . The county played a significant part in Alfred the Great 's rise to power , and later the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion . The city of Bath is famous for its Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
The Church of St Mary Magdalen in Ditcheat , Somerset , England , has 12th-century origins . It has been designated as a Grade I listed building . It was built by the Abbots of Glastonbury Abbey . The chancel dates from the 14th century and the celestory from the 15th . The lower part of the tower was built around 1300 with the upper stages being added in the 15th century . The interior includes a large wall painting of St Christopher which dates from the late medieval period . The shields of Robert Stillington , Abbot John Selwood and Dean Gunthorpe can be seen above the chancel . The churchyard contains war graves of a soldier of World War I and a soldier and airman of World War II . The Anglican parish is part of the Fosse Trinity benefice within the Wells archdeaconry .
Ashtead /ˈæʃstɛd/ is a village in the Metropolitan Green Belt of Surrey , England and has a railway station on secondary routes to Horsham and Guildford , formerly the Portsmouth Main Line . It is separated from Leatherhead by the M25 , and from Epsom by Ashtead Common and Langley Vale . Its district council is Mole Valley . Ashtead is on the eastern slopes of the Mole Gap of the North Downs and is on the A24 where it is a single carriageway as is generally the case within the M25 motorway . Ashtead has a large two-part conservation area , including the mansion Ashtead Park House ( now occupied by City of London Freemen 's School ) . Amenities include parks , outlying woodland trails and a high street with convenience shopping , cafés and restaurants , a football club and a cricket club .
Surrey ( /ˈsʌri/ SURR-ee ) is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east , East Sussex to the southeast , West Sussex to the south , Hampshire to the west , Berkshire to the northwest , and Greater London to the northeast . With about 1.2 million people , Surrey is the twelfth most populous English county , the third most populous home county , after Kent and Essex , and the third most populous in the Southeast , after Hampshire and Kent . Surrey is a wealthy county . It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county , some of the highest property values outside Inner London , and also the highest cost of living outside the capital . It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England . It has four horse racing courses , and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth . Guildford is popularly regarded as the county town , although Surrey County Council is based extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames . Surrey is divided into eleven districts .
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent .
Ordnance Survey ( OS ) is the national mapping agency for Great Britain . The agency 's name indicates its original military purpose ( see ordnance and surveying ) , which was to map Scotland in the wake of the Jacobite rising of 1745 . There was also a more general and nationwide need in light of the potential threat of invasion during the Napoleonic Wars . Since 1 April 2015 Ordnance Survey has operated as Ordnance Survey Ltd , a government-owned company , 100% in public ownership . The Ordnance Survey Board remains accountable to the Secretary of State for Business , Energy and Industrial Strategy . It was also a member of the Public Data Group . Paper maps for walkers represent only 5% of OS ' annual revenue . They produce digital map data , online route planning and sharing services and mobile apps , plus many other location-based products for business , government and consumers . Ordnance Survey mapping is usually classified as either large-scale ( in other words , more detailed ) or small-scale . The Survey 's large-scale mapping comprises 1:2,500 maps for urban areas and 1:10,000 more generally . ( The latter superseded the 1:10,560 six inches to the mile scale in the 1950s . ) These large scale maps are typically used in professional land-use contexts and were available as sheets until the 1980s , when they were digitised .
Epsom and Ewell is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2001 by Chris Grayling , a Conservative . [ n 2 ]
The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire .
Babingley is a hamlet and abandoned village in Norfolk , England , about 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) northwest of Castle Rising and 5 1⁄2 miles ( 9 km ) north-north-east of King 's Lynn . The place-name 'Babingley ' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086 , where it appears as Babinghelea . The name means 'the clearing of Babba 's people ' . It was a separate parish but is now part of the civil parish of Sandringham . The modern hamlet is a small group of houses along the A149 road linking King 's Lynn and Hunstanton . The site of the abandoned village is in fields west of the main road , marked by the ruin of St Felix 's parish church .
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔːrfək/ ) is a county in East Anglia in England . It borders Lincolnshire to the northwest , Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest , and Suffolk to the south . Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and to the north-west , The Wash . The county town is Norwich . With an area of 2,074 square miles ( 5,370 km2 ) and a population of 859,400 , Norfolk is a largely rural county with a population density of 401 per square mile ( 155 per km2 ) . Of the county 's population , 40% live in four major built up areas : Norwich ( 213,000 ) , Great Yarmouth ( 63,000 ) , King 's Lynn ( 46,000 ) and Thetford ( 25,000 ) . The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county , extending south into Suffolk . The area is not a national park although it is marketed as such . It has similar status to a national park , and is protected by the Broads Authority .
The British Orthodox Church , formerly known as the Orthodox Church of the British Isles , is a small independent Oriental Orthodox church defining its mission to the people of the British Isles . It has not been in communion with any of the Oriental Orthodox churches since a 2015 decision to return to an independent status . The present British Orthodox Church derives from the consecration of a French former Dominican priest Jules Ferrette ( 1828-1904 ) , who in the year 1866 was consecrated as Bishop of Iona by the Syriac Orthodox Church 's Bishop of Emesa Boutros ibn Salmo Mesko ( 1799-1894 ) with the purpose of re-establishing Oriental Orthodoxy in the West . In February 1994 a delegation headed by Metropolitan Seraphim of Glastonbury , representing the Orthodox Church of the British Isles , was invited to Egypt by Pope Shenouda III , of the Coptic Orthodox Church . The Coptic Orthodox Pope & Patriarch of Alexandria , Pope Shenouda III met the delegation and discussed their dogma ( they being of Orthodox origin ) , and the matter of their uniting with the Coptic Church . On 19 March 1994 , at the Synod of Soho which met at the House of St Barnabas-in-Soho , the clergy unanimously supported proceeding towards full union with the Alexandrian patriarchate . In further detailed discussions with Pope Shenouda and senior members of the Holy Synod , held in Cairo in April , May and June in Cairo again on 2-11 April and 28 May-5 June , details of the protocol determining the relationship of the Orthodox Church of the British Isles to the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria were agreed . Pope Shenouda decided not to re-ordain Abba Seraphim but to recognise his orders and received him by economia on 4 June 1994 . Although his episcopal orders were fully recognised , Pope Shenouda decided to ordain him as a bishop in order to bring all the clergy within the Coptic line of apostolic succession . He had been enthroned as Metropolitan of Glastonbury following the death of his predecessor in 1979 , but now he would also be ordained as a metropolitan of the patriarchate . In the Coptic Orthodox tradition , metropolitans are actually ordained , as the senior episcopal rank . On 19 June 1994 , on the Feast of Pentecost in the Great Cathedral of St Mark in Cairo , he received these ordinations at the hands of Pope Shenouda assisted by 63 metropolitans and bishops who constituted the Holy Synod .
Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw , water reed , sedge ( Cladium mariscus ) , rushes , heather , or palm branches , layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof . Since the bulk of the vegetation stays dry and is densely packed - trapping air - thatching also functions as insulation . It is a very old roofing method and has been used in both tropical and temperate climates . Thatch is still employed by builders in developing countries , usually with low-cost local vegetation . By contrast , in some developed countries it is the choice of some affluent people who desire a rustic look for their home , would like a more ecologically friendly roof , or who have purchased an originally thatched abode .
Cruciform means having the shape of a cross or Christian cross .
A parish church ( or parochial church ) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish . In many parts of the world , especially in rural areas , the parish church may play a significant role in community activities , often allowing its premises to be used for non-religious community events . The church building reflects this status , and there is considerable variety in the size and style of parish churches . Many villages in Europe have churches that date back to the Middle Ages , but all periods of architecture are represented .
Redundant church is a phrase particularly used to refer to former Anglican church buildings no longer required for regular public worship in the United Kingdom , but may refer to any disused church building around the world . Reasons for redundancy include population movements , changing social patterns , merging of parishes , decline in church attendance ( especially Christian decline in the Global North ) or other factors . Although once simply demolished or left to ruin , today many redundant churches find new uses as community centres , museums , or homes .
Bartley is a village in Hampshire , England , within the boundaries of the New Forest National Park , seven miles ( 11 km ) west of Southampton .
Hampshire ( /ˈhæmpʃər/ , /-ʃɪər/ ( listen ) ; postal abbreviation Hants . ) [ note 1 ] is a county in southern England . The county town is the city of Winchester . Its two largest cities , Southampton and Portsmouth , are administered separately as unitary authorities ; the rest of the county is governed by Hampshire County Council . First settled about 14,000 years ago , Hampshire 's history dates to Roman Britain , when its chief town was Winchester . When the Romans left Britain , the area was infiltrated by tribes from Scandinavia and mainland Europe , principally in the river valleys . The county was recorded in the 11th century Domesday Book , divided into 44 hundreds . From the 12th century , the ports grew in importance , fuelled by trade with the continent , wool and cloth manufacture in the county , and the fishing industry , and a shipbuilding industry was established . By the 16th century , the population of Southampton had outstripped that of Winchester . By the mid-19th century , with the county 's population at 219,210 ( double that at the beginning of the century ) in more than 86,000 dwellings , agriculture was the principal industry and 10 per cent of the county was still forest . Hampshire played a crucial military role in both World Wars . The Isle of Wight , historically part of Hampshire , became a separate ceremonial county in 1974 .
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which has developed from the practices , liturgy , and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation . Adherents of Anglicanism are called Anglicans , or Episcopalians in some countries . The majority of Anglicans are members of national or regional ecclesiastical provinces of the international Anglican Communion , which forms the third-largest Christian communion in the world , after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church . They are in full communion with the See of Canterbury , and thus the Archbishop of Canterbury , whom the communion refers to as its primus inter pares ( Latin , first among equals ) . He calls the decennial Lambeth Conference , chairs the meeting of primates , and is the president of the Anglican Consultative Council . Some churches that are not part of the Anglican Communion or recognised by the Anglican Communion also call themselves Anglican , including those that are part of the Continuing Anglican movement and Anglican realignment . Anglicans base their Christian faith on the Bible , traditions of the apostolic Church , apostolic succession ( historic episcopate ) , and the writings of the Church Fathers . Anglicanism forms one of the branches of Western Christianity , having definitively declared its independence from the Holy See at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement . Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Protestantism . These reforms in the Church of England were understood by one of those most responsible for them , Thomas Cranmer , the Archbishop of Canterbury , and others as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions , namely Lutheranism and Calvinism . In the first half of the 17th century , the Church of England and its associated Church of Ireland were presented by some Anglican divines as comprising a distinct Christian tradition , with theologies , structures , and forms of worship representing a different kind of middle way , or via media , between Protestantism and Catholicism - a perspective that came to be highly influential in later theories of Anglican identity and expressed in the description of Anglicanism as Catholic and Reformed . The degree of distinction between Protestant and Catholic tendencies within the Anglican tradition is routinely a matter of debate both within specific Anglican churches and throughout the Anglican Communion .
The Diocese of Winchester forms part of the Province of Canterbury of the Church of England . Founded in 676 , it is one of the older dioceses in England . It once covered Wessex , many times its present size which is today most of the historic enlarged version of Hampshire and the Channel Islands .
Bath is the largest city in the county of Somerset , England , known for and named after its Roman-built baths . In 2011 , the population was 88,859 . Bath is in the valley of the River Avon , 97 miles ( 156 km ) west of London and 11 miles ( 18 km ) southeast of Bristol . The city became a World Heritage site in 1987 . The city became a spa with the Latin name Aquae Sulis ( the waters of Sul ) c. 60 AD when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon , although hot springs were known even before then . Bath Abbey was founded in the 7th century and became a religious centre ; the building was rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries . In the 17th century , claims were made for the curative properties of water from the springs , and Bath became popular as a spa town in the Georgian era . Georgian architecture , crafted from Bath stone , includes the Royal Crescent , Circus , Pump Room and Assembly Rooms where Beau Nash presided over the city 's social life from 1705 until his death in 1761 . Many of the streets and squares were laid out by John Wood , the Elder , and in the 18th century the city became fashionable and the population grew . Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century . Further building was undertaken in the 19th century and following the Bath Blitz in World War II . The city has software , publishing and service-oriented industries .
The Methodist Church of Great Britain is a Protestant Christian denomination in Britain and the mother church to Methodists worldwide . It participates in the World Methodist Council , the World Council of Churches and other ecumenical associations . Methodism began primarily through the work of John Wesley ( 1703-1791 ) , who led an evangelical revival in 18th-century Britain . An Anglican priest , Wesley adopted unconventional and controversial practices , such as open-air preaching , to reach factory labourers and newly urbanised masses uprooted from their traditional village culture at the start of the Industrial Revolution . His preaching centred upon the universality of God 's grace for all , the effect of faith on character and the possibility of perfection in love during this life . He organised the new converts locally and in a Connexion across Britain . Following Wesley 's death , the Methodist revival became a separate church and ordained its own ministers ; it is called a nonconformist church because it does not conform to the rules of the established Church of England . In the 19th century , the Wesleyan Methodist Church experienced many secessions , with the largest of the offshoots being the Primitive Methodists . The main streams of Methodism were reunited in 1932 , forming the Methodist Church as it is today . Methodist circuits , containing several local churches , are gathered into thirty districts . The supreme governing body of the church is the annual Methodist Conference ; it is headed by the president of Conference , a presbyteral minister , supported by a vice-president who can be a local preacher or deacon . The 2009 British Social Attitudes Survey found that around 800,000 people , or 1.29 per cent of the British population , identified as Methodist .
Methodism is an umbrella term used to describe denominations of Protestant Christianity which follow the line of the Methodist movement . Methodist denominations are historically related and derive their doctrine of practice and belief from the life and teachings of John Wesley . George Whitefield and John 's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement . It originated as a revival movement within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley 's death . The movement spread throughout the British Empire , the United States , and beyond because of vigorous missionary work , today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide . [ nb 1 ] Wesleyan theology , which is upheld by the Methodist Churches , focuses on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian . Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include the new birth , assurance , imparted righteousness , the possibility of entire sanctification , the works of piety , and the primacy of Scripture . Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ , the Son of God , died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all ; in theology , this view is known as Arminianism . [ nb 2 ] This teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people . However , Whitefield and several other early leaders of the movement were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the Calvinist position . In addition to evangelism , Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the works of mercy . These ideals , collectively known as the Social Gospel , are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals , orphanages , soup kitchens , and schools to follow Christ 's command to spread the good news and serve all people .
Bedmond is a village in the Three Rivers district of the English ceremonial county of Hertfordshire . It is located around one mile ( 1.6 km ) north of the larger village of Abbots Langley . Bedmond belongs to the civil parish of Abbots Langley [ citation needed ] and at the time of the 2011 Census , its population was included in Abbots Langley 's population figures . Bedmond is the birthplace of Nicholas Breakspear , later Pope Adrian IV , the only Englishman to ever be Pope , who is believed to have been born at Breakspear Farm c. 1100 . The site where his home stood is marked by a plaque . [ a ]
Hertfordshire ( /ˈhɑːrtfərdʃɪər/ ( listen ) ; often abbreviated Herts ) is one of the home counties in southern England . It is bordered by Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire to the north , Essex to the east , Greater London to the south , and Buckinghamshire to the west . For government statistical purposes , it is placed in the East of England region . In 2013 , the county had a population of 1,140,700 in an area of 634 square miles ( 1,640 km2 ) . The four towns that have between 50,000 and 100,000 residents are Hemel Hempstead , Stevenage , Watford and the only city in the county , St Albans . Hertford , once the main market town for the medieval agricultural county , derives its name from a hart ( stag ) and a ford , used as the components of the county 's coat of arms and flag . Elevations are high for the region in the north and west . These reach over 800 feet ( 240 m ) in the western projection around Tring which is in the Chilterns . The county 's borders are approximately the watersheds of the Colne and Lea ; both flowing to the south ; each accompanied by a canal . Hertfordshire 's undeveloped land is mainly agricultural and much is protected by green belt . The county 's landmarks span many centuries , ranging from the Six Hills in the new town of Stevenage built by local inhabitants during the Roman period , to Leavesden Film Studios . The volume of intact medieval and Tudor buildings surpasses London , in places in well-preserved conservation areas , especially in St Albans which includes some remains of Verulamium , the town where in the 3rd century an early recorded British martyrdom took place .
Abbots Langley is a large village and civil parish in the English county of Hertfordshire . It is an old settlement and is mentioned ( under the name of Langelai ) in the Domesday Book . Economically the village is closely linked to Watford and was formerly part of the Watford Rural District . Since 1974 it has been included in the Three Rivers district .
A listed building , or listed structure , is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England , Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland , Cadw in Wales , and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland . The term has also been used in Ireland , where buildings are surveyed for the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage in accordance with the country 's obligations under the Granada Convention . However , the preferred term in Ireland is protected structure . A listed building may not be demolished , extended , or altered without special permission from the local planning authority , which typically consults the relevant central government agency , particularly for significant alterations to the more notable listed buildings . In England and Wales , a national amenity society must be notified of any work to a listed building which involves any element of demolition . Exemption from secular listed building control is provided for some buildings in current use for worship , but only in cases where the relevant religious organisation operates its own equivalent permissions procedure . Owners of listed buildings are , in some circumstances , compelled to repair and maintain them and can face criminal prosecution if they fail to do so or if they perform unauthorised alterations . When alterations are permitted , or when listed buildings are repaired or maintained , the owners are often required to use specific materials or techniques . Although most sites appearing on the lists are buildings , other structures such as bridges , monuments , sculptures , war memorials , and even milestones and mileposts and The Beatles ' Abbey Road pedestrian crossing are also listed . Ancient , military , and uninhabited structures , such as Stonehenge , are sometimes instead classified as scheduled monuments and protected by much older legislation , whilst cultural landscapes such as parks and gardens are currently listed on a non-statutory basis .
Blackgang is a village on the south-western coast of the Isle of Wight . It is best known as the location of the Blackgang Chine amusement park which sits to the south of St Catherine 's Down . Blackgang forms the west end of the Ventnor Undercliff region , which extends for 12 kilometres from Blackgang to Luccombe , also encompassing the town of Ventnor and the villages of Bonchurch , St Lawrence , and Niton . It also marks the edge of the Back of the Wight .
The Isle of Wight ( /waɪt/ ) is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England . It is in the English Channel , between 2 and 5 miles off the coast of Hampshire , separated by the Solent . The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times , and is known for its mild climate , coastal scenery , and verdant landscape of fields , downland and chines . The island is designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve . The island has been home to the poets Swinburne and Tennyson and to Queen Victoria , who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes . It has a maritime and industrial tradition including boat-building , sail-making , the manufacture of flying boats , the hovercraft , and Britain 's space rockets . The island hosts annual music festivals including the Isle of Wight Festival , which in 1970 was the largest rock music event ever held . It has well-conserved wildlife and some of the richest cliffs and quarries for dinosaur fossils in Europe . The isle was owned by a Norman family until 1293 and was earlier a kingdom in its own right . In common with the Crown dependencies , the British Crown was then represented on the island by the Governor of the Isle of Wight [ n 1 ] until 1995 . The island has played an important part in the defence of the ports of Southampton and Portsmouth , and been near the front-line of conflicts through the ages , including the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain . Rural for most of its history , its Victorian fashionability and the growing affordability of holidays led to significant urban development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries .
Chale is a village and civil parish on the Isle of Wight of England , in the United Kingdom . It is located three kilometres from Niton in the south of the Island in the area known as the Back of the Wight . The village of Chale lies at the foot of St. Catherine 's Down .
Nondenominational Christianity ( or non-denominational Christianity ) consists of churches which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities by not formally aligning with a specific Protestant denomination . Often founded by individual pastors , they have little affiliation with historic denominations , but typically adhere to evangelical Protestantism , and are a type of Protestantism .
Blackwater is a village on the Isle of Wight , England . It is located about two miles south of Newport , close to the geographic centre of the island . It is in the civil parish of Arreton . The Newclose County Cricket Ground is just to the north of the village . Newport Junction Railway opened a railway station at Blackwater . Blackwater Station first appeared on railway timetables in June , 1876 and operated until June 6 , 1956 . The trackbed of the former railway line is now part of National Cycle Route 23 . Public transport is provided by Southern Vectis bus routes 2 and 3 , serving Newport , Ryde , Sandown , Shanklin and Ventnor . Former Wightbus 33 between Newport and Ryde , also serves part of the village .
A chapel of ease ( or chapel-of-ease ) is a church building other than the parish church , built within the bounds of a parish for the attendance of those who can not reach the parish church conveniently .
Blennerhasset and Torpenhow is a civil parish in the Allerdale district of Cumbria , England . According to the 2001 census it had a population of 437 , reducing to 423 at the 2011 Census . It includes the villages of Blennerhasset grid reference NY178415 and Torpenhow at NY202397 and the smaller settlement of Kirkland Guards at NY187401 . It is located just outside the Lake District National Park . Baggrow railway station was immediately north of Blennerhasset The local pronunciation of Torpenhow is /trəˈpɛnə/ . Those living outside West Cumbria would use the more intuitive pronunciation /ˈtɔːrpənhaʊ/ . Blennerhasset is pronounced /blɛnˈreɪsɪt/ blen-RAY-sit rather than the more intuitive /ˈblɛnərhæsɪt/ BLEN-ər-hass-it .
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/ KUM-bree-ə ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England . The county and Cumbria County Council , its local government , came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972 . Cumbria 's county town is Carlisle , in the north of the county , and the only other major urban area is Barrow-in-Furness on the southwestern tip of the county . The county of Cumbria consists of six districts ( Allerdale , Barrow-in-Furness , Carlisle , Copeland , Eden , and South Lakeland ) and in 2008 had a population of just under 500,000 people . Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in England , with 73.4 people per km2 ( 190/sq mi ) . Cumbria is the third largest county in England by area , and is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders , to the west by the Irish Sea , to the south by Lancashire , to the southeast by North Yorkshire , and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland . Cumbria is predominantly rural and contains the Lake District National Park , a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered one of England 's finest areas of natural beauty , serving as inspiration for artists , writers , and musicians . A large area of the southeast of the county is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park while the east of the county fringes the North Pennines AONB . Much of Cumbria is mountainous , and it contains every peak in England over 3,000 feet ( 910 m ) above sea level , with Scafell Pike at 3,209 feet ( 978 m ) being the highest point of England . An upland , coastal , and rural area , Cumbria 's history is characterised by invasions , migration , and settlement , as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots . Notable historic sites in Cumbria include Carlisle Castle , Furness Abbey , Hardknott Roman Fort , Brough Castle and Hadrian 's Wall ( also a World Heritage Site ) .
Evangelicalism ( /ˌiːvænˈdʒɛlɪkəlɪzəm , ˌɛvæn- , -ən/ ) , evangelical Christianity , or evangelical Protestantism , [ note 1 ] is a worldwide , trans-denominational movement within Protestant Christianity which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace , solely through faith in Jesus 's atonement . Evangelicals believe in the centrality of the conversion or born again experience in receiving salvation , in the authority of the Bible as God 's revelation to humanity , and in spreading the Christian message . The movement has long had a presence in the Anglosphere before spreading further afield in the 19th , 20th and early 21st centuries . Its origins are usually traced to 1738 , with various theological streams contributing to its foundation , including English Methodism , the Moravian Church ( in particular its bishop Nicolaus Zinzendorf and his community at Herrnhut ) , and German Lutheran Pietism . Preeminently , John Wesley and other early Methodists were at the root of sparking this new movement during the First Great Awakening . Today , evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches , as well as in various denominations not subsumed to a specific branch . Among leaders and major figures of the evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley , George Whitefield , Jonathan Edwards , Billy Graham , Bill Bright , Harold Ockenga , John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones . The movement gained great momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the Great Awakenings in Great Britain and the United States . In 2016 , there were an estimated 619 million evangelicals in the world , meaning that one in four Christians would be classified as evangelical . The United States has the largest concentration of evangelicals in the world . American evangelicals are a quarter of the nation 's population and its single largest religious group . The main movements are Baptist churches , Pentecostalism , charismatic Evangelicalism , neo-charismatic Evangelicalism and nondenominational Evangelicalism .
Boultham is a suburb of the Lincolnshire city and county town of Lincoln , England . The population of the City of Lincoln ward at the 2011 census was 7,465 . The ecclesiastical parish of Boultham covers most of Lincoln west of the River Witham near Lincoln High Street . The northern boundary is defined by Brayford Pool and the Fossdyke as far as Carholme Golf Course . The parish includes the University of Lincoln , Hartsholme and Swanpool . Tritton Road ( B1003 ) runs through the centre of Boultham . As at 2011 , the Boultham ward on Lincoln City Council is represented by three Labour Party councillors ; the ward on Lincolnshire County Council by one Labour Councillor . A new library opened in June 2006 . Boultham Mere , created in 1989 , is a nature reserve situated near a railway line and looked after by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust . Its colony of Variable Damselfly is of national importance .
Lincoln is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands of England . The non-metropolitan district of Lincoln had a 2012 population of 94,600 . The 2011 census gave the urban area of Lincoln , which includes North Hykeham and Waddington , a population of 130,200 . Roman Lindum Colonia developed from an Iron Age settlement on the River Witham . The city 's landmarks include Lincoln Cathedral , an example of English Gothic architecture and the tallest building in the world for over 200 years , and the 11th-century , Norman Lincoln Castle . The city is home to the University of Lincoln and Bishop Grosseteste University , and to Lincoln City FC and Lincoln United FC .
Bowes Park is situated on the borders of Wood Green , Palmers Green and Bounds Green in London , England . The postcodes for Bowes Park are N13 and N22 . The border between the London boroughs of Enfield and Haringey goes through the area . Bowes Park village is defined as the triangle area between Bounds Green Road / Brownlow Rd ( to the west ) , Green Lanes ( to the east ) down to Trinity Road ( to the south ) and the A406 ( to the north ) The population for the Enfield ward at the 2011 Census was 14,051 .
Bowes Park railway station is in the London Borough of Haringey in north London , and is on the boundary of Travelcard Zone 3 and Travelcard Zone 4 . It is 5 miles 55 chains ( 9.15 km ) down the line from London King 's Cross . The station and all trains serving it are operated by Great Northern , on the Hertford Loop Line . It was first opened by the GNR in 1880 , some nine years after the Loop Line itself was completed . The station is a short walk from Bounds Green Underground station on the Piccadilly line , with which it is a valid out-of-station interchange . It has an unusual location in that it is situated between two quiet residential cul-de-sacs and is accessed from a footbridge over the railway line which divides those streets . Bowes Park is the only station on the entire Hertford Loop with an island platform . In autumn 2008 , a new Shere FASTticket self-service ticket machine , accepting both cash and credit cards , was installed here ( and similarly at other local Govia Thameslink Railway stations ) . To the north of the station is a single siding in between the two running tracks which is occasionally used to turn around East Coast InterCity 225 and 125 trains heading for Bounds Green Depot just north of Alexandra Palace . A connection to the now disused GER Palace Gates Line whose terminus , Palace Gates ( Wood Green ) , lay just to the south , was made in 1929 .
School boards were public bodies in England and Wales between 1870 and 1902 , which established and administered elementary schools . School boards were created in boroughs and parishes under the Elementary Education Act 1870 following campaigning by George Dixon , Joseph Chamberlain and the National Education League for elementary education free from Anglican doctrine . Education was still not free of fees . Members were directly elected , not appointed by borough councils or parishes . Each board could :
Samaritans is a registered charity aimed at providing emotional support to anyone in emotional distress , struggling to cope , or at risk of suicide throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland , often through their telephone helpline . Although the name derives from the Biblical Parable of the Good Samaritan , Samaritans is a secular organisation . Its international network exists under the name Befrienders Worldwide , which is part of the Volunteer Emotional Support Helplines ( VESH ) with Lifeline International and the International Federation of Telephone Emergency Services ( IFOTES ) .
North Bradley is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire , England , between Trowbridge and Westbury . The village is about 1.75 miles ( 2.8 km ) south of Trowbridge town centre . The parish includes most of the village of Yarnbrook , and the hamlets of Brokerswood , Cutteridge and Drynham .
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪlt.ʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; abbreviated Wilts ) is a county in South West England with an area of 3,485 km2 ( 1,346 square miles ) . It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset , Somerset , Hampshire , Gloucestershire , Oxfordshire and Berkshire . The county town was originally Wilton , after which the county is named , but Wiltshire Council is now based in the county town of Trowbridge . Within the county 's boundary are two unitary authority areas , Wiltshire and Swindon , governed respectively by Wiltshire Council and Swindon Borough Council . Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys . Salisbury Plain is noted for being the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks , and as a training area for the British Army . The city of Salisbury is notable for its medieval cathedral . Important country houses open to the public include Longleat , near Warminster , and the National Trust 's Stourhead , near Mere .
Southwick is a semi-rural village and civil parish 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southwest of the county town of Trowbridge , Wiltshire , England . It is separated from the southwest fringe of Trowbridge only by the Southwick Country Park , which consists of 380 acres ( 150 ha ) of open fields . The majority of the village lies south of the A361 , which runs through the village , linking Trowbridge with Frome . The parish includes the hamlets of Hoggington and Hoopers Pool .
Melton Constable is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk . It covers an area of 6.96 km2 ( 2.69 sq mi ) and had a population of 518 in 225 households at the 2001 census . The population had increased to 618 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , it falls within the district of North Norfolk . The village sits on fairly high ground south-west of Holt . The place-name 'Melton Constable ' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086 , where it appears as 'Maeltuna ' . This may mean either 'middle town ' or 'mill town ' . There is a reference to 'Constabularius de Melton ' in 1197 , as the land was held by the constable of the bishop of Norwich . Melton Constable Hall is regarded as the finest specimen of the Christopher Wren style of house . The church of St Peter 's Melton Constable is located within Melton Constable park ; it contains many monuments to the Astley family , who formerly resided at Melton Constable Hall . ( For more details , see Melton Constable Hall . ) The village was struck by an F0/T1 tornado on 23 November 1981 , as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day .
In the history of Europe , the Middle Ages ( or medieval period ) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century . It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery . The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history : classical antiquity , the medieval period , and the modern period . The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early , High , and Late Middle Ages . Population decline , counterurbanisation , collapse of centralized authority , invasions , and mass migrations of tribes , which had begun in Late Antiquity , continued in the Early Middle Ages . The large-scale movements of the Migration Period , including various Germanic peoples , formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire . In the 7th century , North Africa and the Middle East - once part of the Byzantine Empire - came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate , an Islamic empire , after conquest by Muhammad 's successors . Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures , the break with classical antiquity was not complete . The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire , Rome 's direct continuation , survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power . The empire 's law code , the Corpus Juris Civilis or Code of Justinian , was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages . In the West , most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions . Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued .
A benefice ( /ˈbɛnɪfɪs/ ) or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services . The Roman Empire used the Latin term beneficium as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered . Its use was adopted by the Western Church in the Carolingian Era as a benefit bestowed by the crown or church officials . A benefice specifically from a church is called a precaria ( pl . precariae ) such as a stipend and one from a monarch or nobleman is usually called a fief . A benefice is distinct from an allod , in that an allod is property owned outright , not bestowed by a higher authority .
Bury St Edmunds ( /ˈbɛri/ ) , commonly referred to locally as Bury , is a historic market town and civil parish in Suffolk , England . Bury St Edmunds Abbey is near the town centre . Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England , with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral . The town , originally called Beodericsworth , was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080 . It is known for brewing and malting ( Greene King brewery ) and for a British Sugar processing factory , where Silver Spoon sugar is produced . The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy .
Suffolk ( /ˈsʌfək/ ) is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England . It has borders with Norfolk to the north , Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south . The North Sea lies to the east . The county town is Ipswich ; other important towns include Lowestoft , Bury St Edmunds , Newmarket , and Felixstowe , one of the largest container ports in Europe . The county is low-lying but it has quite a few hills ( especially more to the west ) , and has largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north . The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty .
The Seventh-day Adventist Church [ a ] is a Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday , the seventh day of the week in Christian and Jewish calendars , as the Sabbath , and its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming ( advent ) of Jesus Christ . The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the mid-19th century and it was formally established in 1863 . Among its founders was Ellen G. White , whose extensive writings are still held in high regard by the church . Much of the theology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church corresponds to common Protestant Christian teachings , such as the Trinity and the infallibility of Scripture . Distinctive teachings include the unconscious state of the dead and the doctrine of an investigative judgment . The church is known for its emphasis on diet and health , its holistic understanding of the person , its promotion of religious liberty , and its conservative principles and lifestyle . The world church is governed by a General Conference , with smaller regions administered by divisions , union conferences , and local conferences . It currently has a worldwide baptized membership of over 20 million people , and 25 million adherents . As of May 2007 , it was the twelfth-largest religious body in the world , and the sixth-largest highly international religious body . It is ethnically and culturally diverse , and maintains a missionary presence in over 215 countries and territories . The church operates over 7,500 schools including over 100 post-secondary institutions , numerous hospitals , and publishing houses worldwide , as well as a humanitarian aid organization known as the Adventist Development and Relief Agency ( ADRA ) .
The Railway Mission is a British mission devoted to the rail industry . It was founded in 1881 based in mission halls , and now operates a chaplaincy service . In the early days of the Railway Mission there were a number of mission halls at railway stations throughout the country , including one at Bury St. Edmunds , completed in 1900 , and a 1906 building at Salisbury . An excellent example of a Railway Mission Hall is to be found at Norwich Prince of Wales Road Evangelical Church . The Railway Mission is a care provider to the rail industry and British Transport Police through the provision of The National Rail Chaplaincy Service ( NRCS ) . Operating in partnership with London City Mission , the Railway Mission is the principal partner in the NRCS which provides around 25 mainly full-time chaplains to the Railways enabling pastoral care across the whole of the mainland UK railway network . The National Rail Chaplaincy Service ( NRCS ) is designed to enhance and support the chain of care provided by the rail businesses .
Bury St Edmunds railway station serves the town of Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk , England . The station is on the Ipswich-Ely line and all trains calling there are operated by Greater Anglia .
Cadgwith ( Cornish : Porthkajwydh , meaning cove of the thicket ) is a village and fishing port in Cornwall , England , United Kingdom . It is on the Lizard Peninsula between The Lizard and Coverack . It is in the civil parish of Grade Ruan
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl , -wəl/ ; Cornish : Kernow [ ˈkɛrnɔʊ ] ) is a ceremonial county in South West England , bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea , to the south by the English Channel , and to the east by Devon , the River Tamar forming the border between them . Cornwall is the westernmost part of the South West Peninsula of the island of Great Britain . The southwesternmost point is Land 's End and the southernmost Lizard Point . Cornwall has a population of 568,210 and an area of 3,563 km2 ( 1,376 sq mi ) . The county has been administered since 2009 by the unitary authority , Cornwall Council . The ceremonial county of Cornwall also includes the Isles of Scilly , which are administered separately . The administrative centre of Cornwall is Truro , its only city . Cornwall is the homeland of the Cornish people and the cultural and ethnic origin of the Cornish diaspora . It retains a distinct cultural identity that reflects its history , and is recognised as one of the Celtic nations . It was formerly a Brythonic kingdom and subsequently a royal duchy . The Cornish nationalist movement contests the present constitutional status of Cornwall and seeks greater autonomy within the United Kingdom in the form of a devolved legislative Cornish Assembly with powers similar to those in Wales and Scotland . In 2014 , Cornish people were granted minority status under the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities , giving them recognition as a distinct ethnic group .
Grade-Ruan is a civil parish on the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall , England , United Kingdom , approximately ten miles ( 16 km ) south of Falmouth . It is a rural parish bounded to the east by St Keverne parish and by the sea ; to the west by Mullion and Cury parishes ; and to the south by Landewednack parish . Grade-Ruan civil parish encompasses part of Goonhilly Downs and the major settlements are Ruan Minor , St Ruan and Cadgwith . The parish was formed in 1934 because falling population necessitated merging the ecclesiastical parishes of Grade , Ruan Major and Ruan Minor . All three were in the Deanery and Hundred of Kerrier . Formerly , Cadgwith was partly in Grade parish and partly in Ruan Minor parish . The population of Grade-Ruan has increased steadily ; it was 677 in 1961 , 835 in 1981 , 1070 in 2001 , and 936 in 2011 . There is a school in the parish , Grade Ruan CE Primary School , which is situated in Ruan Minor . Grade-Ruan lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ( AONB ) . The parish churches of the three former parishes are St Grada at Grade , and the churches of Ruan Major and Ruan Minor , the latter two dedicated to St Rumonus . All three have towers though Ruan Minor Church tower is very small . Ruan Major Church was greatly altered by Edmund Sedding in 1867 and is now a ruin .
Catisfield is an area of Fareham , Hampshire , England . Originally a small village in its own right , it has now merged with the western edge of the town .
Fareham ( /ˈfɛərəm/ FAIR-əm ) is a market town at the north-west tip of Portsmouth Harbour , between the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton in south east Hampshire , England . It gives its name to the Borough of Fareham . It was historically an important manufacturer of bricks , used to build the Royal Albert Hall , and grower of strawberries and other seasonal fruits . Current employers include Fareham Shopping Centre , small-scale manufacturers , HMS Collingwood and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory .
Chester is a walled city in Cheshire , England , on the River Dee , close to the border with Wales . With a population of 79,645 in 2011 , it is the most populous settlement of Cheshire West and Chester , which had a population of 329,608 in 2011 , and serves as the unitary authority 's administrative headquarters . Chester is the second-largest settlement in Cheshire after Warrington . Chester was founded as a castrum or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the reign of the Emperor Vespasian in 79 AD . One of the main army camps in Roman Britain , Deva later became a major civilian settlement . In 689 , King Æthelred of Mercia founded the Minster Church of West Mercia , which later became Chester 's first cathedral , and the Saxons extended and strengthened the walls to protect the city against the Danes . Chester was one of the last cities in England to fall to the Normans . William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a castle , to dominate the town and the nearby Welsh border . Chester was granted city status in 1541 . Chester is one of the best-preserved walled cities in Britain . It has a number of medieval buildings , but many of the black-and-white buildings within the city centre are Victorian restorations , originating from the Black-and-white Revival movement . Apart from a 100-metre ( 330 ft ) section , the Grade I listed walls are almost complete .
The United Reformed Church ( URC ) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom . It has approximately 46,500 members in 1,383 congregations with 608 active ministers , including 13 church related community workers .
Chiddingstone Causeway is a village 4 miles ( 6 km ) west of Tonbridge in Kent , England . It is within the Sevenoaks local government district . It is in the civil parish of Chiddingstone . The village is served by Penshurst Station on the Redhill to Tonbridge Line with trains running hourly between London Victoria and Tonbridge via East Croydon . Connections for Gatwick Airport can be made from this service by changing at Redhill . The village is also served by the 231 and 233 bus routes linking Lingfield , Edenbridge , and Tunbridge Wells via Bidborough The current service contract is run by Metrobus and there is no Sunday or Bank Holiday service . In the centre of the village is 'The Little Brown Jug ' public house .
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties . It borders Greater London to the north-west , Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west . The county also shares borders with Essex along the estuary of the River Thames ( connected by land via High Speed 1 and the Dartford Crossing ) , and with the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel . The county town is Maidstone . Kent was among the first British territories conquered and settled by Anglo-Saxons . Canterbury Cathedral in Kent has been the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury , leader of the Church of England , since the Reformation . Prior to that it was built by Catholics , dating back to the conversion of England to Catholicism by Saint Augustine that began in the 6th century . Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church , Canterbury , as well as being the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury . The last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury was Reginald Pole . Rochester Cathedral is also in Kent , in Medway . It is the second-oldest cathedral in England , with Canterbury Cathedral being the oldest . Between London and the Strait of Dover , which separates it from mainland Europe , Kent has seen both diplomacy and conflict , ranging from the Leeds Castle peace talks of 1978 and 2004 to the Battle of Britain in World War II .
Chilworth is a village in the Guildford borough of Surrey , England , southeast of Guildford . Chilworth has three churches , two pre-secondary education schools , an independent pub-restaurant and a railway station . The village occupies both sides of the Tillingbourne between outcrops of the Greensand Ridge including St Martha 's Hill . Footpaths lead through fields and woodlands along the ranges of hills . Chilworth is split between two civil parishes , Shalford CP to the west and St Martha 's CP to the east . It also has a recreation ground with a park that has a sports pavilion used for football , and an all weather table tennis table . Benedictine monks since 2011 inhabit a hilltop monastery in the southern extreme of the parish of St Martha 's , straddling northern Wonersh . Saint Augustine 's Abbey was designed by Frederick Walters and founded as a Franciscan friary in 1892 .
Shalford is a village and civil parish in Surrey , England on the A281 Horsham road immediately south of Guildford . It has a railway station which is between Guildford and Dorking on the Reading to Gatwick Airport line . It has one named locality , occupying the west of the area , Peasmarsh . Shalford 's village sign was designed by Christopher Webb and W H Randall Blacking in 1922 , as part of a competition run by the Daily Mail . It shows Saint Christopher carrying the Christ Child over a shallow ford .