List of New World monkey species
Extant species -- Family : Callitrichidae
Table:
Scientific name

Common name

Classified

Average size

Conservation status

References

Callithrix jacchus

Common marmoset

1758 Linnaeus

400 g (14 oz)

least concern

[1][2][3]

Callithrix penicillata

Black-tufted marmoset

1812 É. Geoffroy

350 g (12 oz)

least concern

[2][4][5]

Callithrix kuhlii

Wied's marmoset

1985 Coimbra-Filho

near threatened

[2][6][7]

Callithrix geoffroyi

White-headed marmoset

1812 E. Geoffroy

least concern

[2][8][9]

Callithrix flaviceps

Buffy-headed marmoset

1903 Thomas

endangered

[2][10][11]

Callithrix aurita

Buffy-tufted marmoset

1812 E. Geoffroy

vulnerable

[2][12][13]

Mico acariensis

Rio Acari marmoset

2000 van Roosmaalen et al.

data deficient

[2][14][15]

Mico argentata

Silvery marmoset

1766 Linnaeus

300–400 g (11–14 oz)

least concern

[2][16][17]

Mico leucippe

White marmoset

1922 Thomas

vulnerable

[2][18][19]

Mico emiliae

Emilia's marmoset

1920 Thomas

data deficient

[2][20][21]

Mico nigriceps

Black-headed marmoset

1992 Ferrari and Lopes

data deficient

[2][22][23]

Mico manicorensis

Manicore marmoset

2000 van Roosmaalen et al.

350 g (12 oz)

least concern

[2][24][25]

Mico marcai

Marca's marmoset

1993 Alperin

data deficient

[2][26][27]

Mico melanura

Black-tailed marmoset

1812 É. Geoffroy

300–400 g (11–14 oz)

least concern

[2][28][29]

Mico humeralifera

Santarem marmoset

1812 É. Geoffroy

data deficient

[2][30][31]

Mico mauesi

Maués marmoset

1992 R.A. Mittermeier, Schwarz & Ayres

least concern

[2][32][33]

Mico chrysoleuca

Gold-and-white marmoset

1842 Wagner

least concern

[2][34][35]

Mico intermedia

Hershkovitz's marmoset

1977 Hershkovitz

least concern

[2][36][37]

Callibella humilis

Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset

1998 van Roosmalen et al.

150–185 g (5.3–6.5 oz)

vulnerable

[2][38][39]

Cebuella pygmaea

Pygmy marmoset

1823 Spix

120–140 g (4.2–4.9 oz)

least concern

[2][40][41]

Drawing on the tabular data as well as the context paragraphs provided at the end.

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The common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) is a New World monkey . It originally lived on the northeastern coast of Brazil , in the states of Piaui , Paraiba , Ceará , Rio Grande do Norte , Pernambuco , Alagoas and Bahia . Through release ( both intentional and unintentional ) of captive individuals , it has expanded its range since the 1920s to Southeast Brazil ( its first sighting in the wild for Rio de Janeiro was in 1929 ) , where it became an invasive species , raising concerns about genetic pollution of similar species , such as the buffy-tufted marmoset ( Callithrix aurita ) , and predation upon bird nestlings and eggs . The whole-genome sequence of a female common marmoset was published on 20 July 2014 . It became the first New World Monkey to have its genome sequenced .
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759 , which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature . In it , Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals , something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum .
Carl Linnaeus ( /lɪˈniːəs , lɪˈneɪəs/ ; 23 May [ note 1 ] 1707 - 10 January 1778 ) , also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː ] ( listen ) ) , was a Swedish botanist , zoologist , and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature , the modern system of naming organisms . He is known as the father of modern taxonomy . Many of his writings were in Latin , and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus ( after 1761 Carolus a Linné ) . Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden . He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730 . He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738 , where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands . He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala . In the 1740s , he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals . In the 1750s and 1760s , he continued to collect and classify animals , plants , and minerals , while publishing several volumes . He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death . Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message : Tell him I know no greater man on earth . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote : With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza , I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly .
The black-tufted marmoset ( Callithrix penicillata ) , also known as Mico-estrela in Portuguese , is a species of New World monkey that lives primarily in the Neo-tropical gallery forests of the Brazilian Central Plateau . It ranges from Bahia to Paraná , and as far inland as Goiás , between 14 and 25 degrees south of the equator , and can commonly be seen in the City of Rio de Janeiro where it was introduced . This marmoset typically resides in rainforests , living an arboreal life high in the trees , but below the canopy . They are only rarely spotted near the ground .
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 15 April 1772 - 19 June 1844 ) was a French naturalist who established the principle of unity of composition . He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck 's evolutionary theories . Geoffroy 's scientific views had a transcendental flavor ( unlike Lamarck 's materialistic views ) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken . He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design , and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time , amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy , paleontology , and embryology .
Wied 's marmoset ( Callithrix kuhlii ) , also known as Wied 's black-tufted-ear marmoset , is a New World monkey that lives in tropical and subtropical forests of eastern Brazil . Unlike other marmosets , Wied 's marmoset lives in groups consisting of 4 or 5 females and 2 or 3 males ( plus children ) . They are matriarchal , and only the dominant female is allowed to mate . Like other marmosets , the offspring are always born in pairs .
Adelmar Faria Coimbra-Filho ( June 4 , 1924 - June 27 , 2016 ) was a Brazilian biologist and primatologist . He is a pioneer in studies of and conservation of lion tamarins . He is founder and Former Director of the Rio de Janeiro Primate Centre . Coimbra Filho 's titi is named after him .
The white-headed marmoset ( Callithrix geoffroyi ) , also known as the tufted-ear marmoset , Geoffroy 's marmoset , or Geoffrey 's marmoset , is a marmoset endemic to Brazil . It is known as the sagüi or sauim in Brazil . One of the more common callitrichids in captivity , many zoos keep and breed the species . In fact , some zoos have to use birth-control methods for them . [ citation needed ]
The buffy-headed marmoset ( Callithrix flaviceps ) is a rare species of marmoset endemic to the rainforests of south-eastern Brazil . It occurs in southern Espírito Santo and possibly northern Rio de Janeiro and its distribution extends into Minas Gerais .
Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas FRS FZS ( 21 February 1858 - 16 June 1929 ) was a British zoologist .
The buffy-tufted marmoset ( Callithrix aurita ) , also known as the buffy tufted-ear marmoset or white-eared marmoset , is a New World monkey that lives in the forests on the Atlantic coast of southeast Brazil . Of all the marmosets , it has the southernmost range . The buffy-tufted marmoset resembles the common marmoset but is somewhat larger . It has grey-black skin , and the most obvious differences from the common marmoset are its whitish face ( skulllike facial mask ) , brown crown and shorter ear tufts . The buffy-tufted marmoset lives in coastal forests from sea-level up to 500 m. It is diurnal and arboreal , living almost all its life in the trees . It lives in small groups of two to eight animals . Unlike most other marmosets , the buffy-tufted marmoset almost exclusively eats insects . It does not eat tree sap , which is why it has a very small snout . Aside from the insects the buffy-tufted marmoset consumes , this monkey also consumes varying types of flowering plants , such as Combretaceae and legumes , as well as gum , soursops and cacti . Little is known about the buffy-tufted marmoset reproductive patterns . Gestation is approximately 170 days and births are typically of twin offspring .
The Rio Acari marmoset ( Mico acariensis ) is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil .
The silvery marmoset ( Mico argentatus ) is a New World monkey that lives in the eastern Amazon Rainforest in Brazil . The fur of the silvery marmoset is colored whitish silver-grey except for a dark tail . Remarkable are its naked , flesh-colored ears which stand out from the skin . They reach a size of 18 to 28 cm ( 7.1 to 11.0 in ) and weigh from 300 to 400 g ( 11 to 14 oz ) . Silvery marmosets are diurnal and arboreal , using their claws to climb trees . Originally rain forest inhabitants , plantations have caused them to expand their range . They spend the night in tree hollows or in very close vegetation . They live together in small groups and mark their territory with scent glands , driving out intruders by shouting or by facial expressions ( lowered brows and guarded lips ) . The diet of the silvery marmosets predominantly consists of tree sap . To a lesser extent , they also eat bird eggs , fruit , insects , and small vertebrates . After a 145-day gestation period , the female bears two ( or rarely three ) offspring . As is the case for many callitrichids , the father and the other group members take part with the raising of the offspring .
The white marmoset ( Mico leucippe ) , or golden-white bare-ear marmoset , is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil .
The Emilia 's marmoset ( Mico emiliae ) , also known as Snethlage 's marmoset , is a marmoset endemic to Brazil . It is found only in the Brazilian states of Pará and Mato Grosso . It was named to honour German-born Brazilian ornithologist Emilie Snethlage . [ citation needed ]
The black-headed marmoset ( Mico nigriceps ) is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil . It inhabits humid tropical rainforest , mostly second growth and edge ; the distribution is not exactly known but is thought to be Rio dos Marmelos in the north and east , Madeira River in the west and Ji-Paraná River in the south . The threats are not exactly known but it may be near human traffic including the Trans-Amazonian Highway where cattle ranching and logging is occurring . It is not hunted but may be used as pets .
The Manicore marmoset ( Mico manicorensis ) is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil . It was discovered in the Campos Amazônicos National Park , less than 200 miles ( 320 km ) from Manaus , near the Madeira River . Its body is light grey , with orange legs , a black tail , a pinkish face , and naked ears . It is about 9 inches ( 23 cm ) long , excluding the tail , and it has a 15-inch ( 38 cm ) long tail . It weighs about 12 ounces ( 340 g ) .
The Marca 's marmoset ( Mico marcai ) is a species of marmoset that is endemic to the Amazon , in the Aripuanã-Manicoré interfluvium in Brazil . It is virtually unknown ; in 2008 the IUCN noted that it had never been seen in the wild , though it has been observed since then . Probably , Mico manicorensis will be considered a synonymous of M. marcai .
The black-tailed marmoset ( Mico melanurus ) is a species of New World monkey from central South America , where ranging from the south-central Amazon in Brazil , south through the Pantanal and eastern Bolivia , to the Chaco in far northern Paraguay . It is the southernmost member of the genus Mico and the only where most of its range is outside the Amazon . The black-tailed marmoset is dark brown with paler foreparts and a black tail . Unlike most of its relatives , it has a striking white or yellow-white stripe that extends down its thigh . Its ears are naked , flesh-colored and stand out from the fur . They reach a size of 18 to 28 cm and weigh from 300 to 400 g .
The Santarem marmoset ( Mico humeralifer ) , also known as the black and white tassel-ear marmoset , is a marmoset endemic to the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará .
The Maués marmoset ( Mico mauesi ) is a marmoset endemic to Brazil . It is found only on the west bank of the Maués Açu River , in the Amazonas state .
Russell Alan Mittermeier ( born November 8 , 1949 ) is a primatologist and herpetologist . He has written several books for both popular and scientist audiences , and has authored more than 300 scientific papers .
The gold-and-white marmoset ( Mico chrysoleucos ) is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest .
Johann Andreas Wagner ( 21 March 1797 - 17 December 1861 ) was a German palaeontologist , zoologist and archaeologist who wrote several important works on palaeontology .
The Hershkovitz 's marmoset ( Mico intermedia ) , also known as the Aripuanã marmoset is a marmoset species endemic to Brazil . The common name is a reference to American zoologist Philip Hershkovitz .
Philip Hershkovitz ( 12 October 1909 - 15 February 1997 ) was an American mammalogist . Born in Pittsburgh , he attended the Universities of Pittsburgh and Michigan and lived in South America collecting mammals . In 1947 , he was appointed a curator at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and he continued to work there until his death . He has published much on the mammals of the Neotropics , particularly primates and rodents , and described almost 70 new species and subspecies of mammals . About a dozen species have been named after him .
The Roosmalens ' dwarf marmoset ( Callibella humilis ) , also known as the black-crowned dwarf marmoset , is a small New World monkey native to the Amazon Rainforest , on the east bank of the lower Madeira River , and the west bank of the Aripuanã River , in Brazil . It has the smallest distribution of any primate in Amazonia . This marmoset has several unique attributes , which results in it usually being placed in the monotypic genus Callibella . Some authors , however , argue that the species is better placed in the genus Mico . It was first described in 1998 , after it was discovered ca . 400 km ( 250 mi ) south of the city of Manaus . In 1996 , Marc van Roosmalen , the discoverer , was given a milk can by a river trader with one of these monkeys inside . He suspected it was a new species , a relative of the pygmy marmoset , but at that point was unaware of its exact origin . Following a lengthy expedition , it was discovered near the town of Nova Olinda in southeastern Amazonas . The species has been subsequently recorded further south , along the west banks of Rio Roosevelt . Adult Roosmalens ' dwarf marmosets have a total length of 38-39 cm ( 15-15½ in ) , incl . a tail of 22-24 cm ( 8½-9½ in ) , and weigh 150-185 g ( 5½-6½ oz ) .
Dr. Marc van Roosmalen ( born June 23 , 1947 ) is a Dutch-Brazilian primatologist . He was elected as one of the Heroes of the Planet by Time magazine in 2000 . His research has led to the identification of several new monkey species , as well as other animals and plants , although some of these identifications are challenged as dubious , unconvincing , or contradictory to the evidence . He is also an activist in the protection of the Brazilian rainforest . Van Roosmalen was awarded the honour of officer in the Order of the Golden Ark by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands in 1997 .
The pygmy marmoset ( Cebuella pygmaea ) is a small species of New World monkey native to rainforests of the western Amazon Basin in South America . The species is notable for being the smallest monkey and one of the smallest primates in the world , at just over 100 grams ( 3.5 oz ) ( Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur is smaller ) . It is generally found in evergreen and river-edge forests and is a gum-feeding specialist , or a gummivore . About 83% of the pygmy marmoset population lives in stable troops of two to nine individuals , including a dominant male , a breeding female , and up to four successive litters of offspring . The modal size of a standard stable troop would be six individuals . Although most groups consist of family members , some may also include one or two additional adult members . Members of the group communicate using a complex system including vocal , chemical , and visual signals . Three main calling signals depend on the distance the call needs to travel . These monkeys may also make visual displays when threatened or to show dominance . Chemical signaling using secretions from glands on the chest and genital area allow the female to indicate to the male when she is able to reproduce . The female gives birth to twins twice a year and the parental care is shared between the group . The pygmy marmoset has been viewed as somewhat different from typical marmosets , most of which are classified in the genera Callithrix and Mico , and thus is accorded its own genus , Cebuella , within the family Callitrichidae .
Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix ( 9 February 1781 - 13 March 1826 ) was a German biologist . From his expedition to Brazil he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants , insects , mammals , birds , amphibians and fish . They constitute an important basis for today 's National Zoological Collection in Munich . Numerous examples of his ethnographic collections , such as dance masks and the like , are now part of the collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Munich .