Marine Corps Brevet Medal
Recipients
Table:
Image

Name

Rank brevetted to

Date of action

Place of action

Notes[4][5]

—

Philip M. Bannon

O-02First Lieutenant

June 13, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct during the Spanish–American War"

Smedley D. Butler

O-03Captain

July 13, 1900

Tientsin, China

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy July 13, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion". One of three to receive both the Brevet Medal and the Medal of Honor. One of nineteen to receive the Medal of Honor twice.

—

Carl Gamborg-Andresen

O-03Captain

July 13, 1900

Tientsin, China

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Boxer Rebellion"

—

Newt H. Hall

O-04Major

August 14, 1900

Peking, China

"For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy during the Boxer Rebellion"

—

Allan C. Kelton

O-04Major

July 3, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Spanish–American War"

—

Charles G. Long

O-03Captain

June 11, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Spanish–American War"

—

Lewis C. Lucas

O-03Captain

June 13, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For conspicuous conduct in battle during the Spanish–American War"

James E. Mahoney

O-03Captain

June 11, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Spanish–American War"

Charles L. McCawley

O-04Major

June 11, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Spanish–American War"

—

William N. McKelvy Sr.

O-03Captain

June 11, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Spanish–American War"

Paul St. Clair Murphy

O-04Major

July 3, 1898

Santiago, Cuba

"For gallant service in the naval battle of Santiago, Cuba during the Spanish–American War"

John Twiggs Myers

O-04Major

July 20, 1900

Peking, China

"For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy at the defense of the legations during the Boxer Rebellion"

Wendell C. Neville

O-03Captain

June 13, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For conspicuous conduct in battle during the Spanish–American War". One of three to receive both the Brevet Medal and the Medal of Honor.

Percival C. Pope

O-03Captain

September 8, 1863

Fort Sumter

"For gallant and meritorious service in the night attack upon Ft. Sumter during the Civil War"

David D. Porter

O-03Captain

October 8, 1899

Novaleta, Philippine Islands

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Philippine Insurrection". One of three to both receive the Brevet Medal and the Medal of Honor.

—

William G. Powell

O-03Captain

June 21, 1900

Tientsin, China

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Boxer Rebellion"

George Richards

O-05Lieutenant Colonel

July 13, 1900

Tientsin, China

"For distinguished conduct in the presence of the enemy during the Boxer Rebellion"

—

Melville J. Shaw

O-02First Lieutenant

June 11, 1898

Guantánamo Bay, Cuba

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Spanish–American War"

—

George C. Thorpe

O-03Captain

October 8, 1899

Novaleta, Philippine Islands

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Philippine Insurrection"

Littleton W.T. Waller

O-05Lieutenant Colonel

July 13, 1900

Tientsin, China

"For distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Boxer Rebellion" He is the only Marine to have been awarded both the Brevet Medal and the Navy Specially Meritorious Service Medal.

Using the tabular data and the passages listed below.

Solve the question: In which conflict in Nicaragua did this officer serve who was recognized for his action at the largest harbor on the south side of Cuba ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Philip Michael Bannon ( March 12 , 1872 - June 25 , 1940 ) was a United States Marine Corps officer who received the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for his actions during the Spanish-American War . Through his career he served in the Spanish-American War , the Boxer Rebellion in China , and during conflicts in the Caribbean and Central America through the Second Nicaraguan Campaign . He retired as a colonel in 1928 .
First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank .
Guantánamo Bay ( Spanish : Bahía de Guantánamo ) is a bay located in Guantánamo Province at the southeastern end of Cuba . It is the largest harbor on the south side of the island and it is surrounded by steep hills which create an enclave that is cut off from its immediate hinterland . The United States assumed territorial control over the southern portion of Guantánamo Bay under the 1903 Lease agreement . The United States exercises jurisdiction and control over this territory , while recognizing that Cuba retains ultimate sovereignty . The current government of Cuba regards the U.S. presence in Guantánamo Bay as illegal and insists the Cuban-American Treaty was obtained by threat of force and is in violation of international law . Some legal scholars judge that the lease may be voidable . It is the home of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base and the Guantanamo Bay detention camp located within the base , which are both governed by the United States . Since the 1959 revolution , Cuba has only cashed a single lease payment from the United States government .
Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 .
Major General Smedley Darlington Butler ( July 30 , 1881 - June 21 , 1940 ) , nicknamed Old Gimlet Eye , was a senior United States Marine Corps officer who fought in both the Mexican Revolution and World War I. Butler was , at the time of his death , the most decorated Marine in U.S. history . During his 34-year career as a Marine , he participated in military actions in the Philippines , China , in Central America and the Caribbean during the Banana Wars , and France in World War I. Butler later became an outspoken critic of American wars and their consequences . Butler also exposed an alleged plan to overthrow the United States government . By the end of his career , Butler had received 16 medals , five for heroism . He is one of 19 men to receive the Medal of Honor twice , one of three to be awarded both the Marine Corps Brevet Medal ( along with Wendell Neville and David Porter ) and the Medal of Honor , and the only Marine to be awarded the Brevet Medal and two Medals of Honor , all for separate actions . In 1933 , he became involved in a controversy known as the Business Plot , when he told a congressional committee that a group of wealthy industrialists were planning a military coup to overthrow Franklin D. Roosevelt , with Butler selected to lead a march of veterans to become dictator , similar to Fascist regimes at that time . The individuals involved all denied the existence of a plot and the media ridiculed the allegations , but a final report by a special House of Representatives Committee confirmed some of Butler 's testimony . In 1935 , Butler wrote a book titled War Is a Racket , where he described and criticized the workings of the United States in its foreign actions and wars , such as those in which he had been involved , including the American corporations and other imperialist motivations behind them . After retiring from service , he became a popular advocate , speaking at meetings organized by veterans , pacifists , and church groups in the 1930s .
In the United States Army ( USA ) , U.S. Marine Corps ( USMC ) , and U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) , captain ( abbreviated CPT in the USA and Capt in the USMC and USAF ) is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O-3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version .
Tianjin ( [ tʰjɛ́n.tɕín ] ( listen ) ) , alternatively romanized as Tientsin , is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea . It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China , with a total population estimated at 15,621,200 in 2016 . Its built-up ( or metro ) area , made up of 12 central districts ( all but Baodi , Jizhou , Jinghai and Ninghe ) , was home to 12,491,300 inhabitants in 2016 and is also the world 's 29th-largest agglomeration ( between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro ) and 11th-most populous city proper . It is governed as one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of central government of the PRC and is thus under direct administration of the central government . Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality , bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea . Part of the Bohai Economic Rim , it is the largest coastal city in northern China . In terms of urban population , Tianjin is the fourth largest in China , after Shanghai , Beijing , and Guangzhou . In terms of administrative area population , Tianjin ranks fifth in Mainland China . The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404 . As a treaty port since 1860 , Tianjin has been a major seaport and gateway to Beijing . During the Boxer Rebellion the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government . Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China , Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region .
Carl Gamborg-Andresen ( March 10 , 1866 - March 4 , 1936 ) was a Norwegian-born American military officer serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Boxer Rebellion who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . Carl Gamborg-Andresen was born in Norway and emigrated to the United States . In 1904 he married Constance Janette Stowell ( 1883-1943 ) in Sitka , Alaska . He retired as a colonel in the United States Marine Corps during 1925 , with more than 30 years of service . He died in 1936 in Seattle , Washington , and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery .
Newt Hamill Hall ( Marshville , Texas , January 2 , 1873 - Tennessee , May 24 , 1939 ) was an American officer serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Boxer Rebellion who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . He graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1895 , and was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1897 . He was brought up on charges regarding his leadership activities during the Boxer Rebellion , where he and his men had to defend the walls of the Legation , and was exonerated by an official naval court of inquiry , which he himself requested , so as to not impede his career advancement in later years . The British Minister had initiated a charge of possible cowardice under fire , but no concrete evidence had surfaced by any witnesses . Under his direct command , one Legation wall defense area was lost , but later retaken . This possibly caused a reaction from the British Minister making statements after the siege as to Hall 's possible laxity in command .
In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , major is a field grade military officer rank above the rank of captain and below the rank of lieutenant colonel . It is equivalent to the naval rank of lieutenant commander in the other uniformed services . Although lieutenant commanders are considered junior officers by their respective services ( Navy and Coast Guard ) , the rank of major is that of a senior officer in the United States Army , the United States Marine Corps , and the United States Air Force . The pay grade for the rank of major is O-4 . The insignia for the rank consists of a golden oak leaf , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version . Promotion to major is governed by the Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 .
Beijing ( /ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ/ BAY-JING , /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ BAY-ZHING ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ pèi.tɕíŋ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly romanized as Peking ( /ˌpiːˈkɪŋ/ PEE-KING ) , is the capital of the People 's Republic of China , the world 's third most populous city proper , and most populous capital city . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government with 16 urban , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together , the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China . Beijing is an important world capital and global power city , and one of the world 's leading centers for culture , diplomacy and politics , business and economy , education , language , and science and technology . A megacity , Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation 's cultural , educational , and political center . It is home to the headquarters of most of China 's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world , as well as the world 's four biggest financial institutions . It is also a major hub for the national highway , expressway , railway , and high-speed rail networks . The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010 , and , as of 2016 [ update ] , the city 's subway network is the busiest and longest in the world . Combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world , with a rich history dating back three millennia . As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries , and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD . Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China . With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides , in addition to the old inner and outer city walls , Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital .
Allan Cunningham Kelton ( June 24 , 1846 - November 22 , 1928 ) was an American officer serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . He was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1869 .
Major General Charles Grant Long ( December 14 , 1869 - March 5 , 1943 ) was the second Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps . He was also a recipient of the Marine Corps Brevet Medal and Navy Cross .
Lewis Clark Lucas ( Marietta , Ohio , November 3 , 1867 - March 6 , 1939 ) was an American officer serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . He graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1889 , and was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1891 .
James Edward Mahoney ( December 15 , 1858 - June 9 , 1926 ) was an American officer born in Peabody , Massachusetts and serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1881 . He subsequently served in Panama , Veracruz , Mexico , and in Cuba . After promotion to temporary rank of Brigadier General , he retired as a Colonel of Marines in 1919 .
Charles Laurie McCawley ( August 24 , 1865 - April 29 , 1935 ) was an American officer who served in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War and World War I . He who was one of only 23 Marine Corps officers awarded the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery .
William Nessler McKelvy Sr. ( July 15 , 1869 - September 22 , 1933 ) was an American officer born in Allegheny , Pennsylvania and serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . He graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1891 , and was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1893 .
Paul St. Clair Murphy ( July 7 , 1850 - November 9 , 1931 ) was an American officer serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War . He was one of 23 men to be awarded the Marine Corps Brevet Medal .
Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province . It lies in the southeastern area of the island , some 870 km ( 540 mi ) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana . The municipality extends over 1,023.8 square kilometers ( 395.3 sq mi ) , and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo , Bravo , Castillo Duany , Daiquirí , El Caney , El Cobre , El Cristo , Guilera , Leyte Vidal , Moncada and Siboney . Historically Santiago de Cuba has long been the second-most important city on the island after Havana , and still remains the second-largest . It is on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port . In the 2012 population census , the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 431,272 people .
John Twiggs Myers ( January 29 , 1871 - April 17 , 1952 ) was a United States Marine Corps general who was most famous for his service as the American Legation Guard in Peking during the Boxer Rebellion .
Wendell Cushing Neville ( May 12 , 1870 - July 8 , 1930 ) was a major general of the United States Marine Corps . He was a Medal of Honor recipient and 14th Commandant of the Marine Corps between 1929 and 1930 .
Percival Clarence Pope ( February 28 , 1841 - January 22 , 1922 ) was an American officer who served in the United States Marine Corps during the American Civil War . He received the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery .
Fort Sumter is a sea fort in Charleston , South Carolina , notable for two battles , the first of which signified the start of the American Civil War . It was one of a number of special forts planned after the War of 1812 , combining high walls and heavy masonry , and classified as Third System , as a grade of structural integrity . Work started in 1829 , but was incomplete by 1860 , when South Carolina seceded from the Union . The First Battle of Fort Sumter began on April 12 , 1861 , when Confederate artillery fired on the Union garrison . These were the first shots of the war and continued all day , watched by many civilians in a celebratory spirit . The fort had been cut off from its supply line and surrendered the next day . The Second Battle of Fort Sumter ( September 8 , 1863 ) was a failed attempt by the Union to retake the fort , dogged by a rivalry between army and navy commanders . Although the fort was reduced to rubble , it remained in Confederate hands until it was evacuated as General Sherman marched through South Carolina in February 1865 . Fort Sumter is open for public tours as part of the Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Historical Park operated by the National Park Service .
Major General David Dixon Porter ( April 29 , 1877 - February 25 , 1944 ) , a Medal of Honor recipient , was a United States Marine Corps officer who served in the Philippine-American War and in World War I .
The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples .
William Glasgow Powell ( September 8 , 1871 - May 11 , 1955 ) was an American officer born in at St. Louis , Missouri and serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . In 1893 Powell graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis , Maryland . He began his military career by enlisting in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War , and was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the Marine Corps in 1899 . He served in the Philippines and in China . During World War I he served as Assistant Paymaster . He retired in 1942 after over 40 years of service and was promoted to Brigadier General on the retired list . On May 11 , 1955 he died at his home in Vence , France and was initially buried there ; at the time , he was the last living recipient of the Marine Corps Brevet Medal . On May 12 , 1983 his remains were brought back to the United States and interred in Arlington National Cemetery .
George Richards ( February 6 , 1872 - January 9 , 1948 ) was an American officer born at Ironton , Ohio and serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Boxer Rebellion . He was one of 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery .
In the United States Army , U.S. Marine Corps , and U.S. Air Force , lieutenant colonel is a field-grade military officer rank , just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel . It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services . The pay grade for the rank of lieutenant colonel is O-5 . In the United States armed forces , the insignia for the rank are a silver oak leaf , with slight stylized differences between the version of the Army and the Air Force and that of the Navy and the Marine Corps . Promotion to lieutenant colonel is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act ( DOPMA ) of 1980 , for officers in the Active Component , and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act ( ROPMA ) , for officers in the Reserve Component ( e.g. , Reserve and National Guard ) . DOPMA guidelines suggest that 70 percent of majors be promoted to lieutenant colonel after serving at least three years at their present rank and after 15-17 years of cumulative commissioned service .
Melville James Shaw ( August 6 , 1872 - May 16 , 1927 ) was an American officer born in Minnesota and serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who was one of only 23 Marine Corps officers approved to receive the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery .
George Cyrus Thorpe ( January 7 , 1875 - July 28 , 1936 ) was a United States Marine Corps officer during the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War . He was an early writer on military logistics . He was one of 23 Marine Corps officers awarded the Marine Corps Brevet Medal for bravery . He was also an author and lawyer after he retired from the Marine Corps .
Littleton Tazewell Tony Waller ( September 26 , 1856 - July 13 , 1926 ) was a career officer in the United States Marine Corps , who served in the Spanish-American War , the Caribbean and Asia . He was court martialled and acquitted for actions during the Philippine-American War where he led an ill-fated expedition across the island of Samar . He retired from the Marines holding the rank of major general .