Institute of technology
Institutes by country -- Germany
Table:
List of Technische Universitäten in Germany

Name

Land

Foundation

Students

Notes

RWTH Aachen University
North Rhine-Westphalia
1870
44,517
member of TU9

Berlin Institute of Technology
Berlin
1770
34,428
member of TU9

Brandenburg University of Technology
Brandenburg
1991
6,400
in Cottbus

Technische Universität Braunschweig (Braunschweig University of Technology)
Carolo-Wilhelmina
Lower Saxony
1745
20,000
member of TU9, oldest TU in Germany

Chemnitz University of Technology
Saxony
1836
10,850

Clausthal University of Technology
Lower Saxony
1775
4,080

Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology)
Hesse
1877
23,100
member of TU9

Technische Universität Dresden (Dresden University of Technology)
Saxony
1828
36,534
member of TU9

Dortmund University of Technology (TU Dortmund University)
North Rhine-Westphalia
1968
24,873

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology
Saxony
1765
5,000
the world's oldest university of mining

Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg (Technical University of Hamburg)
Hamburg
1978
7,600

HafenCity Universität Hamburg (HafenCity University Hamburg)
Hamburg
2006
2,500

Leibniz University Hannover
Lower Saxony
1831
26,035
member of TU9

Technische Universität Ilmenau
Thuringia
1894
7,200

Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
Rhineland-Palatinate
1970
12,510

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Fridericiana
Baden-Württemberg
1825
22,552
member of TU9

Technische Universität München
Bavaria
1868
38,000
member of TU9

University of Stuttgart
Baden-Württemberg
1829
22,632
member of TU9

Consulting the accompanying table together with the passages below.

Give the answer to the question: Which publication rated the university founded in 1868 with an enrollment of 38,000 best in Germany ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

The Federal Republic of Germany ( informally often simply referred to as Germany ) is a federal republic consisting of sixteen partly-sovereign states ( German : Land ( Country ) , plural Länder ( Countries ) commonly informally Bundesland ( Federal Country ) and Bundesländer ( Federal Countries ) ) . [ a ] Since the German nation state was formed from an earlier collection of several states , it has a federal constitution , and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty . With an emphasis on geographical conditions , Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten ( City-states ) , as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen , which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven . The remaining 13 states are called Flächenländer ( literally roughly : Area states ) . The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany ( West Germany ) in 1949 was through the unification of the western states ( which were previously under American , British , and French administration ) created in the aftermath of World War II . Initially , in 1949 , the states of the Federal Republic were Baden ( until 1952 ) , Bavaria ( in German : Bayern ) , Bremen , Hamburg , Hesse ( Hessen ) , Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen ) , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Nordrhein-Westfalen ) , Rhineland-Palatinate ( Rheinland-Pfalz ) , Schleswig-Holstein , Württemberg-Baden ( until 1952 ) , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern ( until 1952 ) . West Berlin , while officially not part of the Federal Republic , was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state . In 1952 , following a referendum , Baden , Württemberg-Baden , and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg . In 1957 , the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland . German reunification in 1990 , in which the area of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) became part of the Federal Republic , was performed by the way of accession of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg , Mecklenburg-West Pomerania ( Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) , Saxony ( Sachsen ) , Saxony-Anhalt ( Sachsen-Anhalt ) , and Thuringia ( Thüringen ) to the Federal Republic , as well as the de facto reunification of West and East Berlin into Berlin and its establishment as a full and equal state . A regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg as Berlin-Brandenburg failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg , while a majority of Berliners voted in favour of the merger . Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany .
RWTH Aachen University ( German : [ ɛɐ̯veːteːˌhaː ˈʔaːxn̩ ] ) or Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen [ Note 1 ] is a research university located in Aachen , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . With more than 45,000 students enrolled in 144 study programs , it is the largest technical university in Germany . In 2011 , the university accounted for the highest amount of third-party funds of all German universities in both absolute and relative terms per faculty member . In 2007 , RWTH Aachen was chosen by the DFG as one of nine German Universities of Excellence for its future concept RWTH 2020 : Meeting Global Challenges and additionally won funding for one graduate school and three clusters of excellence . RWTH Aachen is a founding member of IDEA League , a strategic alliance of five leading universities of technology in Europe . The university is also a member of TU9 , DFG ( Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ) and the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network .
North Rhine-Westphalia ( German : Nordrhein-Westfalen , pronounced [ ˌnɔʁtʁaɪ̯n vɛstˈfaːlən ] ( listen ) ; Low Franconian : Noordrien-Wesfale ; Low German : Noordrhien-Westfalen ; Kölsch : Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale , commonly shortened to NRW in both written and spoken language ) is a state of Germany . North Rhine-Westphalia is located in western Germany covering an area of 34,084 square kilometres ( 13,160 sq mi ) . With a population of 17.9 million in 2017 , it is the most populous state of Germany . It is also the most densely populated German state apart from the city-states of Berlin , Bremen , and Hamburg , and the fourth-largest by area . The state capital is Düsseldorf . North Rhine-Westphalia features 30 of the 81 German cities with over 100,000 inhabitants , including Cologne ( over 1 million ) , Düsseldorf , Dortmund and Essen ( all between 580,000 and 620,000 inhabitants ) and other cities predominantly located in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area , the largest urban area in Germany and the third-largest on the European continent . North Rhine-Westphalia was established in 1946 after World War II from the Prussian provinces of Westphalia and the northern part of Rhine Province ( North Rhine ) , and the Free State of Lippe by the British military administration in Allied-occupied Germany . North Rhine-Westphalia became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 , and the city of Bonn served as the federal capital until the reunification of Germany in 1990 and as the seat of government until 1999 .
The Technical University of Berlin ( official name German : Technische Universität Berlin , known as TU Berlin , which has no official English translation ) is a research university located in Berlin , Germany . It is Germanys first university to adopt the name Technische Universität ( Technical University ) . The university alumni and professor list include US National Academies members , two National Medal of Science laureates and seven Nobel Prize winners . The TU Berlin is a member of TU9 , an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology and of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network , which allows for student exchanges between leading engineering schools . It belongs to the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research . The TU Berlin is home of two innovation centers designated by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology . The university is labeled as The Entrepreneurial University ( „ Die Gründerhochschule ) by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy . It is also a member of the Berlin University Alliance . The university is notable for having been the first to offer the course Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen ( which the institute itself translates as Industrial Engineering and Management ) . The university had conceptualised the course as a response to demands by industrialists to offer a course that provides their offspring with the technical and management expertise to run a company . First offered in winter term 1926/27 , it is one of the oldest programmes of its kind . TU Berlin has one of the highest proportions of international students in Germany , in 2018 almost 24% of international students were enrolled .
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .
The Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg ( German : Brandenburgische Technische Universität , BTU ) was founded in 1991 and is a technical university in Brandenburg , Germany with campuses in Cottbus and Senftenberg . The university has 197 professors , 629 additional academic staff and more than 8,000 students , of which 1,860 are of foreign origin from 111 nations .
Brandenburg ( /ˈbrændənbɜːrɡ/ , also US : /ˈbrɑːndənbʊərk/ , German : [ ˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk ] ( listen ) ; Low German : Brannenborg ; Lower Sorbian : Bramborska ; Upper Sorbian : Braniborsko ; Polish : Brandenburgia ) is a state of Germany . Brandenburg is located in the northeast of Germany covering an area of 29,478 square kilometres ( 11,382 sq mi ) and has a population of 2.5 million residents , the fifth-largest German state by area and tenth-most populous . Potsdam is the state capital and largest city , while other major cities include Brandenburg an der Havel , Cottbus , and Frankfurt ( Oder ) . Brandenburg surrounds the national capital and city-state of Berlin , which together form the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , the third-largest metropolitan area in Germany . Brandenburg borders the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , and Saxony , and the country of Poland . Brandenburg originated in the Northern March in the 900s AD from areas conquered from the Wends , and later became the Margraviate of Brandenburg , a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire , with Albert the Bear as prince-elector . In the 15th century Brandenburg came under the rule of the House of Hohenzollern , who later also became the rulers of the Duchy of Prussia , who established Brandenburg-Prussia to become the core of the later Kingdom of Prussia . Brandenburg became the Province of Brandenburg in 1815 , a province within the kingdom and later within the Free State of Prussia . Brandenburg was established as a state in 1945 after World War II by the Soviet army administration in Allied-occupied Germany , and became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1947 . Brandenburg was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms and its territory divided into the districts of Potsdam , Cottbus , Frankfurt , Neubrandenburg , and Schwerin , but was re-established in 1990 following German reunification , and became one of the Federal Republic of Germany 's new states .
Cottbus ( German pronunciation : [ ˈkɔtbʊs ] ( listen ) ; Lower Sorbian : Chóśebuz , pronounced [ ˈxɨɕɛbus ] ) is a university city and the second-largest city in Brandenburg , Germany . Situated around 125 km ( 78 mi ) southeast of Berlin , on the River Spree , Cottbus is also a major railway junction with extensive sidings/depots . Although only a small Sorbian minority lives in Cottbus itself , the city is considered as the political and cultural center of the Sorbs in Lower Lusatia .
The Technische Universität Braunschweig ( unofficially University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology ) , commonly referred to as TU Braunschweig , is the oldest Technische Universität [ de ] ( comparable to an institute of technology in the American system ) in Germany . It was founded in 1745 as Collegium Carolinum and is a member of TU9 , an incorporated society of the most renowned and largest German institutes of technology . It is commonly ranked among the top universities for engineering in Germany . TU Braunschweig 's research profile is very interdisciplinary , but with a focus on aeronautics , vehicle engineering including autonomous driving and electric mobility , manufacturing , life sciences , and metrology . Research is conducted in close collaboration with external organizations such as the German Aerospace Center , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , several Fraunhofer Institutes , and Germany 's national metrology institute ( PTB ) , among many others . As one of very few research institutions of its type in the world , the university has its own research airport .
Lower Saxony ( German : Niedersachsen [ ˈniːdɐzaksn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Low German : Neddersassen ) is a German state ( Land ) situated in northwestern Germany . It is the second-largest state by land area , with 47,624 km2 ( 18,388 sq mi ) , and fourth-largest in population ( 7.9 million ) among the 16 Länder federated as the Federal Republic of Germany . In rural areas , Northern Low Saxon ( a dialect of Low German ) and Saterland Frisian ( a variety of the Frisian language ) are still spoken , but the number of speakers is declining . Lower Saxony borders on ( from north and clockwise ) the North Sea , the states of Schleswig-Holstein , Hamburg , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Brandenburg , Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia , Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia , and the Netherlands ( Drenthe , Groningen and Overijssel ) . Furthermore , the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony , one being the city of Bremen , the other , its seaport city of Bremerhaven . In fact , Lower Saxony borders more neighbours than any other single Bundesland . The state 's principal cities include the state capital Hanover , Braunschweig ( Brunswick ) , Lüneburg , Osnabrück , Oldenburg , Hildesheim , Wolfenbüttel , Wolfsburg , and Göttingen . The northwestern area of Lower Saxony , which lies on the coast of the North Sea , is called East Frisia and the seven East Frisian Islands offshore are popular with tourists . In the extreme west of Lower Saxony is the Emsland , a traditionally poor and sparsely populated area , once dominated by inaccessible swamps . The northern half of Lower Saxony , also known as the North German Plains , is almost invariably flat except for the gentle hills around the Bremen geestland . Towards the south and southwest lie the northern parts of the German Central Uplands : the Weser Uplands and the Harz mountains . Between these two lie the Lower Saxon Hills , a range of low ridges .
Chemnitz University of Technology ( German : Technische Universität Chemnitz , abbreviated TU Chemnitz ) is a public university in Chemnitz , Germany . With over 11,000 students , it is the third largest university in Saxony . It was founded in 1836 as Königliche Gewerbeschule ( Royal Mercantile College ) and was elevated to a Technische Hochschule , a university of technology , in 1963 . With approximately 1,500 employees in science , engineering and management , TU Chemnitz counts among the most important employers in the region .
Saxony ( German : Sachsen [ ˌzaksn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Upper Sorbian : Sakska ; Czech : Sasko ; Polish : Saksonia ) , officially the Free State of Saxony ( German : Freistaat Sachsen [ ˈfʁaɪ̯ʃtaːt ˈzaksn̩ ] , Upper Sorbian : Swobodny stat Sakska ) , is a landlocked federal state of Germany , bordering the federal states of Brandenburg , Saxony Anhalt , Thuringia , and Bavaria , as well as the countries of Poland ( Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships ) and the Czech Republic ( Karlovy Vary , Liberec , and Ústí nad Labem Regions ) . Its capital is Dresden , and its largest city is Leipzig . Saxony is the tenth largest of Germany 's sixteen states , with an area of 18,413 square kilometres ( 7,109 sq mi ) , and the sixth most populous , with 4 million people . The history of the state of Saxony spans more than a millennium . It has been a medieval duchy , an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire , a kingdom , and twice a republic . The area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony , the area inhabited by Saxons . Old Saxony corresponds roughly to the modern German states of Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia .
The Clausthal University of Technology ( German : Technische Universität Clausthal , also referred to as TU Clausthal or TUC ) is an institute of technology ( Technische Universität ) in Clausthal-Zellerfeld , Lower Saxony , Germany . The small public university is regularly ranked among the Top German universities in engineering by CHE University Rankings . More than 30% of students and 20% of academic staff come from abroad , making it one of the most international universities in Germany . The university is best known for the prominent corporate leaders among its former students . In 2011 , five of the 30 leading companies within the German stock index had alumni of TUC on their management board . Two of them as CEO .
The Technische Universität Darmstadt ( Technical University of Darmstadt or unofficially Darmstadt University of Technology ) , commonly referred to as TU Darmstadt , is a research university in the city of Darmstadt , Germany . It was founded in 1877 and received the right to award doctorates in 1899 . In 1882 , it was the first university in the world to set up a chair in electrical engineering . In 1883 , the university founded the first faculty of electrical engineering and introduced the world 's first degree course in electrical engineering . In 2004 , it became the first German university to be declared as an autonomous university . TU Darmstadt has assumed a pioneering role in Germany . Computer science , electrical engineering , artificial intelligence , mechatronics , business informatics , political science and many more courses were introduced as scientific disciplines in Germany by Darmstadt faculty . TU Darmstadt founded the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar , the Silicon Valley of Germany . The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Technische Universität Darmstadt together form the Rhine-Main-Universities ( RMU ) . TU Darmstadt is a member of TU9 , a network of the most notable German Technische Universitäten ( universities of technology ) and of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network , which allows for student exchanges between leading engineering schools . According to the German Research Foundation , TU Darmstadt is the best university in Germany for computer science . The university received the highest number of competitive grants in the field of computer science from the German Research Foundation and thus ranked first .
Hesse ( /hɛs/ , also US : /ˈhɛsə , ˈhɛsi/ , Hessian dialect : [ ˈhɛzə ] ) or Hessia ( UK : /ˈhɛsiə/ , US : /ˈhɛʃə/ ; German : Hessen [ ˈhɛsn̩ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Hesse ( German : Land Hessen ) , is a parliamentary republic in western Europe and , with just over six million inhabitants , a member state of the Federal Republic of Germany as of 1949 . Its capital city is Wiesbaden , the largest metropolitan area is Frankfurt am Main . As a cultural region , Hesse also includes the area known as Rhenish Hesse ( Rheinhessen ) in the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate .
The TU Dresden ( abbreviated as TUD or Technical University of Dresden ) is a public research university , the largest institute of higher education in the city of Dresden , the largest university in Saxony and one of the 10 largest universities in Germany with 32,389 students as of 2018 [ update ] . The name Technische Universität Dresden has only been used since 1961 ; the history of the university , however , goes back nearly 200 years to 1828 . This makes it one of the oldest colleges of technology in Germany , and one of the countrys oldest universities , which in German today refers to institutes of higher education that cover the entire curriculum . The university is a member of TU9 , a consortium of the nine leading German Institutes of Technology . The university is one of eleven German universities which succeeded in the Excellence Initiative in 2012 , thus getting the title of a University of Excellence . The TU Dresden succeeded in all three rounds of the German Universities Excellence Initiative ( Future Concept , Graduate Schools , Clusters of Excellence ) .
TU Dortmund University ( German : Technische Universität Dortmund ) is a technical university in Dortmund , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany with over 35,000 students , and over 6,000 staff including 300 professors , offering around 80 Bachelor 's and Master 's degree programs . It is situated in the Ruhr area , the fourth largest urban area in Europe . The university is highly ranked in terms of its research performance in the areas of physics , electrical engineering , chemistry and economics .
The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg ( usually translated from German as Freiberg University of Mining and Technology or Freiberg Mining Academy , University of Technology ) is a German university of technology with about 4300 students in the city of Freiberg , Saxony . It was established in 1765 by Prince Franz Xaver , regent of Saxony , based on plans by Friedrich Wilhelm von Oppel and Friedrich Anton von Heynitz , and is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world . The chemical elements indium ( 1863 ) and germanium ( 1886 ) were discovered by scientists of Freiberg University . The polymath Alexander von Humboldt studied mining at the Bergakademie Freiberg in 1791/1792 . Today , TU Bergakademie Freiberg is a strongly specialised university of technology comprising six faculties : mathematics and informatics ; chemistry , biology and physics ; geoscience , geoengineering and mining ; mechanical engineering ; material sciences ; and economics .
The Hamburg University of Technology ( in German Technische Universität Hamburg , abbreviated TUHH ) is a research university in Germany . The university was founded in 1978 and in 1982/83 lecturing followed . Around 100 senior lecturers/professors and 1,475 members of staff ( 673 scientists , including externally funded researchers ) work at the TUHH . It is located in Harburg , a district in the south of Hamburg .
Hamburg ( English : /ˈhæmbɜːrɡ/ , German : [ ˈhambʊʁk ] ( listen ) , locally also [ ˈhambʊɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) [ ˈhambɔːχ ] ; Low Saxon : Hamborg ) , officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( German : Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ; Low Saxon : Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg ) , is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million . One of Germany 's 16 federal states , it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south . The city 's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people . Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries , the River Alster and the River Bille . The official name reflects Hamburg 's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire . Before the 1871 Unification of Germany , it was a fully sovereign city state , and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten . Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg , North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids , the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe . Hamburg is Europe 's third-largest port . Major regional broadcaster NDR , the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city . Hamburg is the seat of Germany 's oldest stock exchange and the world 's oldest merchant bank , Berenberg Bank . Media , commercial , logistical , and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus , Blohm + Voss , Aurubis , Beiersdorf , and Unilever . The city hosts specialists in world economics and international law , including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , the EU-LAC Foundation , and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning , multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20 .
The HafenCity University Hamburg ( German : HafenCity Universität Hamburg ) - also known as the University Of The Built Environment And Metropolitan Development - is a public university in Hamburg , Germany which is focused on architecture , civil engineering and urban planning courses . The university 's name refers to its location in Hamburg 's HafenCity , the site of an urban regeneration project where the old port warehouses of Hamburg are being replaced with offices , hotels , shops , official buildings , and residential areas .
The Leibniz University Hannover , long form in German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover , is a public research university located in Hanover , Germany . Founded on 2 May 1831 , it is one of the largest and oldest science and technology universities in Germany . In the 2014/15 school year it enrolled 25,688 students , of which 2,121 were from foreign countries . It has nine faculties which offer 190 full and part degree programs in 38 fields of study . It was named University of Hannover in 1978 . In 2006 , it was named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , the 18th century mathematician and philosopher . In 2018 , Leibniz University Hannover was adopted as the official English name . Leibniz University Hannover is a member of TU9 , an association of the nine leading Institutes of Technology in Germany . It is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research ( CESAER ) , a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe . The university sponsors the German National Library of Science and Technology ( TIB ) , the largest science and technology library in the world .
The Technische Universität Ilmenau ( TU Ilmenau ) is a German public research university located in Ilmenau , Thuringia , Germany . It was founded in 1894 , it has a total of 5 academic departments ( faculties ) and about 7,200 students .
Thuringia ( English : /θəˈrɪndʒiə/ ; German : Thüringen [ ˈtyːʁɪŋən ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Free State of Thuringia ( Freistaat Thüringen [ ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈtyːʁɪŋən ] ) , is a state of Germany . Thuringia is located in central Germany covering an area of 16,171 square kilometres ( 6,244 sq mi ) and a population of 2.15 million inhabitants , making it the sixth smallest German state by area and the fifth smallest by population . Erfurt is the state capital and largest city , while other major cities include Jena , Gera , and Weimar . Thuringia is surrounded by the states of Bavaria , Hesse , Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , and Saxony . Most of Thuringia is within the watershed of the Saale , a left tributary of the Elbe , and has been known as the green heart of Germany ( das grüne Herz Deutschlands ) from the late 19th century due to the dense forest covering the land . Thuringia is home to the Rennsteig , Germany 's best-known hiking trail , and the winter resort of Oberhof , making it a well-known winter sports destination with half of Germany 's 136 Winter Olympic gold medals won through 2014 having been won by Thuringian athletes . Thuringia is also home to prominent German intellectuals and creative artists , including Johann Sebastian Bach , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , and Friedrich Schiller , and is location of the University of Jena , the Ilmenau University of Technology , the University of Erfurt , and the Bauhaus University of Weimar . Thuringia was established in 1920 as a state of the Weimar Republic from a merger of the Ernestine duchies , except for Saxe-Coburg , but can trace its origins to the Frankish Duchy of Thuringia established around 631 AD by King Dagobert I . After World War II , Thuringia came under the Soviet occupation zone in Allied-occupied Germany , and its borders altered to become contiguous . Thuringia became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1949 , but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms , and its territory divided into the districts of Erfurt , Suhl and Gera . Thuringia was re-established in 1990 following German reunification , with slightly different borders , and became one of the Federal Republic of Germany 's new states .
The University of Kaiserslautern ( German : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , commonly referred to as TU Kaiserslautern or simply TUK , unofficially Technical University of Kaiserslautern ) is a research university in Kaiserslautern , Germany . There are numerous institutes around the university , including two Fraunhofer Institutes ( IESE and ITWM ) , the Max Planck Institute for Software Systems ( MPI SWS ) , the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence ( DFKI ) , the Institute for Composite Materials ( IVW ) and the Institute for Surface and Thin Film Analysis ( IFOS ) , all of which cooperate closely with the university . TU Kaiserslautern is organized into 12 faculties . Approximately 14,869 students are enrolled at the moment . The TU Kaiserslautern is part of the Software-Cluster along with the Technische Universität Darmstadt , the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Saarland University . The Software-Cluster won the German government 's Spitzencluster competition , the equivalence to the German Universities Excellence Initiative for clusters .
Rhineland-Palatinate ( German : Rheinland-Pfalz , pronounced [ ˈʁaɪ̯nlant ˈp͡falt͡s ] ) is a state of Germany located in the west of the country . Covering an area of 19,846 km2 ( 7,663 sq mi ) and with a population of 4.05 million inhabitants , it is the seventh-most populous German state . Mainz is the state capital and largest city , while other major cities include Ludwigshafen am Rhein , Koblenz , Trier , Kaiserslautern and Worms . Rhineland-Palatinate is surrounded by the states of North Rhine-Westphalia , Saarland , Baden-Württemberg and Hesse . It also borders three foreign countries : France , Luxembourg and Belgium . Rhineland-Palatinate was established in 1946 after World War II , from territory of the historically separate regions of the Free State of Prussia , People 's State of Hesse and Bavaria , by the French military administration in Allied-occupied Germany . Rhineland-Palatinate became part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 and shared the country 's only border with the Saar Protectorate until it was returned to German control in 1957 . Rhineland-Palatinate has since developed its own identity built on its natural and cultural heritage , including the extensive Palatinate winegrowing region , its picturesque landscapes and many castles and palaces .
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ) ( German : Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ) is a public research university and one of the largest research and educational institutions in Germany . KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe ( Universität Karlsruhe ) , founded in 1825 as a public research university and also known as the Fridericiana , merged with the Karlsruhe Research Center ( Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe ) , which had originally been established in 1956 as a national nuclear research center ( Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe , or KfK ) . KIT is a member of the TU9 , an association of German universities of technology . As part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative KIT was awarded excellence status in 2006 and 2019 . As of 2018 [ update ] , six Nobel laureates are affiliated with KIT . The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is well known for many inventors and entrepreneurs who studied or taught there , including Heinrich Hertz , Karl Friedrich Benz and the founders of SAP SE .
Baden-Württemberg ( /ˌbɑːdən ˈvɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ/ , German : [ ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk ] ( listen ) ) is a state in southwest Germany , east of the Rhine , which forms the border with France . It is Germanys third-largest state , with an area of 35,751 km2 ( 13,804 sq mi ) and 11 million inhabitants . Baden-Württemberg is a parliamentary republic and partly sovereign , federated state which was formed in 1952 by a merger of the states of Württemberg-Baden , Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern . The largest city in Baden-Württemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart , followed by Karlsruhe and Mannheim . Other cities are Freiburg im Breisgau , Heidelberg , Heilbronn , Pforzheim , Reutlingen and Ulm . The sobriquet Ländle ( little province in the local Swabian and Alemannic German dialects ) is sometimes used as a synonym for Baden-Württemberg .
The Technical University of Munich ( TUM ) ( German : Technische Universität München ) is a research university with campuses in Munich , Garching and Freising-Weihenstephan . It is a member of TU9 , an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology . TUM 's alumni include 17 Nobel laureates , 18 Leibniz Prize winners and 22 IEEE Fellow Members . In the 2018 Global University Employability Ranking of the Times Higher Education World Rankings TUM was ranked 8th in the world and 2nd in Europe . It was also ranked as the best German university by the 2020 edition of the QS World University Rankings and as the best German technical university in the Times Higher Education World Rankings 2018 and in the Shanghai ranking in 2018 . TUM is ranked 4th overall in Reuters 2017 European Most Innovative University ranking . According to the report of the German Research Foundation from 2018 , TU Munich ranks 3rd in life sciences , 13th in natural sciences and 18th in engineering in Germany , normalized to the size of the university . Based on the number of top managers in the Germany economy , TU Munich ranked 11th among German universities in 2019 . In 2019 , TUM secured the title University of Excellence for the third time in succession under the German Universities Excellence Initiative , winning every round since the excellence competition 's inception in 2006 .
Bavaria ( /bəˈvɛəriə/ ; German and Bavarian : Bayern [ ˈbaɪɐn ] ) , officially the Free State of Bavaria ( German and Bavarian : Freistaat Bayern [ ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈbaɪɐn ] ) , is a landlocked federal state of Germany , occupying its southeastern corner . With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres ( 27,200 sq mi ) , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany . With 13 million inhabitants , it is Germany 's second-most-populous state after North Rhine-Westphalia . Bavaria 's main cities are Munich ( its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany ) , Nuremberg and Augsburg . The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes , followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC , when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum . It became a stem duchy in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire , became an independent kingdom , joined the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 while retaining its title of kingdom , and finally became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 . The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555 . In the 17th century AD , the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire . The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918 , when Bavaria became a republic . In 1946 , the Free State of Bavaria reorganized itself on democratic lines after the Second World War . Bavaria has a unique culture , largely because of the state 's former Catholic majority and conservative traditions .
The University of Stuttgart ( German : Universität Stuttgart ) is a research university located in Stuttgart , Germany . It was founded in 1829 and is organized into 10 faculties . It is one of the oldest technical universities in Germany with highly ranked programs in civil , mechanical , industrial and electrical engineering . It is a member of TU9 , an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology . The university is especially known for its reputation in the fields of advanced automotive engineering , efficient industrial and automated manufacturing , process engineering , aerospace engineering and activity-based costing .