Paavo Nurmi
World records -- IAAF-ratified
Table:
Distance

Mark[13]

Date

Location

1500 m

3:52.6

19 June 1924

Helsinki

Mile

4:10.4

23 August 1923

Stockholm

2000 m

5:26.3

4 September 1922

Tampere

2000 m

5:24.6

18 June 1927

Kuopio

3000 m

8:28.6

27 August 1922

Turku

3000 m

8:25.4

24 May 1926

Berlin

3000 m

8:20.4

13 July 1926

Stockholm

2 miles

8:59.6

24 July 1931

Helsinki

3 miles

14:11.2

24 August 1923

Stockholm

5000 m

14:35.4

12 September 1922

Stockholm

5000 m

14:28.2

19 June 1924

Helsinki

4 miles

19:15.4

1 October 1924

Viipuri

5 miles

24:06.2

1 October 1924

Viipuri

6 miles

29:36.4

8 June 1930

London

10,000 m

30:40.2

22 June 1921

Stockholm

10,000 m

30:06.2

31 August 1924

Kuopio

15000 m

46:49.6

7 October 1928

Berlin

10 miles

50:15.0

7 October 1928

Berlin

One hour run

19,210 m

7 October 1928

Berlin

20,000 m

1:04:38.4

3 September 1930

Stockholm

With reference to the provided table along with the context paragraphs listed at the end.

Respond to the question below: Which location is associated with the runner Jules Ladoumègue ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

The 1500-metre run became a standard racing distance in Europe in the late 19th century , perhaps as a metric version of the mile , a popular running distance since at least the 1850s in English-speaking countries . A distance of 1500 m sometimes is called the metric mile . The French had the first important races over the distance , holding their initial championship in 1888 . When the Olympic games were revived in 1896 , metric distances were run , including the 1500 . However , most of the best milers in the world were absent , and the winning time of 4:33 1/5 by Australian Edwin Flack was almost 18 seconds slower than the amateur mile record , despite the fact the mile is 109 metres longer than the 1500 metres . The 1900 Olympics and 1904 Olympics showed improvements in times run , but it was not until the 1908 Olympics that a meeting of the top milers over the distance took place , and not until the 1912 Olympics that a true world-class race over the distance was run . The distance has now almost completely replaced the mile in major track meets .
Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world .
The world record in the mile run is the best mark set by a male or female runner in the middle-distance track and field event . The IAAF is the official body which oversees the records . Hicham El Guerrouj is the current men 's record holder with his time of 3:43.13 , while Sifan Hassan has the women 's record , pending ratification , of 4:12.33 . Since 1976 , the mile has been the only non-metric distance recognized by the IAAF for record purposes . Accurate times for the mile run ( 1.609344 km ) were not recorded until after 1850 , when the first precisely measured running tracks were built . Foot racing had become popular in England by the 17th century , when footmen would race and their masters would wager on the result . [ citation needed ] By the 19th century pedestrianism , as it was called , had become extremely popular and the best times recorded in the period were by professionals . [ citation needed ] Even after professional foot racing died out , it was not until 1915 that the professional record of 4:12​3⁄4 ( set by Walter George in 1886 ) was surpassed by an amateur . [ citation needed ] Progression of the mile record accelerated in the 1930s as newsreel coverage greatly popularized the sport , making stars out of milers such as Jules Ladoumègue , Jack Lovelock , and Glenn Cunningham . In the 1940s , Swedes Arne Andersson and Gunder Hägg lowered the record to just over four minutes ( 4:01.4 ) while racing was curtailed during World War II in the combatant countries . After the war , John Landy of Australia and Britain 's Roger Bannister vied to be the first to break the fabled four-minute mile barrier . Roger Bannister did it first on May 6 , 1954 , and John Landy followed 46 days later .
Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia .
Middle-distance running events are track races longer than sprints , up to 3000 metres . The standard middle distances are the 800 metres , 1500 metres and mile run , although the 3000 metres may also be classified as a middle-distance event . The 1500 m came about as a result of running ​3 3⁄4 laps of a 400 m outdoor track or ​7 1⁄2 laps of a 200 m indoor track , which were commonplace in continental Europe in the 20th century .
Tampere ( /ˈtæmpəreɪ/ , also US : /ˈtɑːm-/ , Finnish : [ ˈtɑmpere ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Tammerfors [ tɑmːærˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Pirkanmaa , southern Finland . It is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries . Tampere has a population of 235,615 with the urban area holding 334,112 people and the metropolitan area , also known as the Tampere sub-region , holding 385,301 inhabitants in an area of 4,970 km2 . Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland , after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area , within which both Helsenki and Espoo are both located . Tampere is the major urban , economic , and cultural hub for central Finland . [ citation needed ] Tampere is wedged between two lakes , Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi . Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres ( 59 ft ) , the rapids linking them , Tammerkoski , have been an important power source throughout history , most recently for generating electricity . Tampere is dubbed the Manchester of Finland for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry , and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname Manse and terms such as Manserock . Helsinki is approximately 160 kilometres ( 100 mi ) south of Tampere , and can be reached in 1h 31m by Pendolino high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car . The distance to Turku is roughly the same . Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is Finland 's eighth-busiest airport , with over 230,000 passengers in 2017 .
Kuopio ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkuo̯pio ] ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia ( Pohjois-Savo ) . It has a population of 118,667 , which makes it the ninth-most populous city in Finland and the most populous city in Eastern Finland Province . Kuopio has a total area of 4,326.35 square kilometres ( 1,670.41 sq mi ) , of which 719.85 km2 ( 277.94 sq mi ) is water and half is forest . Though the city 's population is a spread-out 74/km2 ( 190/sq mi ) , the city 's urban areas are populated comparably densely ( urban area : 1,618 /km² ) , making Kuopio Finland 's second-most densely populated city . Since 1969 Kuopio has grown extensively through municipality mergers . Kuopio 's population surpassed 100,000 when the town of Nilsiä joined the city at the beginning of 2013 .
The following tables shows the world record progression in the Men 's 3000 metres . The International Amateur Athletics Federation , now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations , ratified its first world record in the event in 1912 . To June 21 , 2009 , 26 world records have been ratified by the IAAF in the event .
Turku ( /ˈtʊərkuː/ TOOR-koo , Finnish : [ ˈturku ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Åbo [ ˈǒːbʊ ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈoːbu ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River , in the region of Finland Proper ( Varsinais-Suomi ) . The region was originally called Suomi ( Finland ) , which later became the name for the whole country . Turku , as a town , was never founded . The Pope first mentioned the town Aboa in his Bulla in 1229 and the year is now used as the foundation year of the city . As the oldest town in the country Turku was the most important city in Finland , a status it retained for hundreds of years throughout the centuries under the rule of the Kingdom of Sweden . After the war Finland became an autonomous grand duchy of the Russian Empire ( 1809 ) under the direct rule of the Czar and the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki ( 1812 ) . It was only after the last great fire in 1827 that most governmental institutions were moved to Helsinki along with the Academy of Turku ( Turun Akatemia ) founded in 1640 , which then became the University of Helsinki . Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland until the end of the 1840s , and it remains the regional capital and an important business and cultural center and port . Because of its long history , it has been the site of many important events , and has extensively influenced Finnish history . The history of the country is closely linked to Turku , the former capital . Along with Tallinn , the capital city of Estonia , Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011 . In 1996 , it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland .
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .
The 2 mile ( 10,560 feet or exactly 3,218.688 metres ) is a historic running distance . Like the mile run , it is still contested at some invitational meets , perhaps because it provides an easier record to break for meet promoters ( and corresponding bonus payment for participants ) , as well as its historical chronology . It is largely superseded by the 3000 m and 5000 m , and by the 3200 m in NFHS American high school competitions . The IAAF no longer keeps official world records for this distance ; they are called world best instead . The world best for men is 7:58.61 set by Kenyan Daniel Komen in Hechtel , Belgium on 19 July 1997 . The women 's record is 8:58.58 , set by Ethiopian Meseret Defar in Brussels , Belgium on 14 September 2007 .
The 5000 metres or 5000-metre run ( approximately 3.1 mi or 16,404 ft ) is a common long-distance running event in track and field . It is one of the track events in the Olympic Games and the World Championships in Athletics , run over 12.5 laps of a standard track . The same distance in road running is called a 5K run . The 5000 m has been present on the Olympic programme since 1912 for men and since 1996 for women . Prior to 1996 , women had competed in an Olympic 3000 metres race since 1984 . The 5000 m has been held at each of the World Championships in Athletics in men 's competition and since 1995 in women 's . The event is almost the same length as the dolichos race held at the Ancient Olympic Games , introduced in 720 BCE . While mainly run as an outdoor event , the 5000 m is sometimes run on an indoor track . The IAAF keeps official records for both outdoor and indoor 5000-metre track events .
Vyborg ( Russian : Выборг , IPA : [ ˈvɨbərk ] ; Finnish : Viipuri [ ˈʋiːpuri ] ; Swedish : Viborg [ ˈvǐːbɔrj ] ( listen ) ; German : Wiborg [ ˈviːbɔʁk ] ) is a town in , and the administrative center of , Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast , Russia . It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Vyborg Bay , 130 km ( 81 miles ) to the northwest of St. Petersburg and 38 km ( 24 miles ) south of Russia 's border with Finland , where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland . The population of Vyborg has developed as follows : 79,962 ( 2010 Census ) ; 79,224 ( 2002 Census ) ; 80,924 ( 1989 Census ) . Located in the boundary zone between the East Slavic/Russian and Finnish worlds , the town has changed hands several times in history , most recently in 1944 when the Soviet Union captured it from Finland during World War II . The city hosts the Russian end of the 1,222 km ( 759 mi ) Nord Stream gas pipeline , laid in 2011 and operated by a consortium led by Russia 's Gazprom state hydrocarbons enterprise to pump 55 billion cubic meters ( 1.9 trillion cubic feet ) of natural gas a year under the Baltic to Greifswald , Germany .
London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .
The 10,000 metres or the 10,000-metre run is a common long-distance track running event . The event is part of the athletics programme at the Olympic Games and the World Championships in Athletics and is common at championship level events . The race consists of 25 laps around an Olympic-sized track . It is less commonly held at track and field meetings , due to its duration . The 10,000-metre track race is usually distinguished from its road running counterpart , the 10K run , by its reference to the distance in metres rather than kilometres . The 10,000 metres is the longest standard track event . The international distance is approximately 6.2137 miles ( or approximately 32,808.4 feet ) . Most of those running such races also compete in road races and cross country events .
The one hour run is an athletics event in which competitors try to cover as much distance as possible within one hour . While officially recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations as a track event , it is rarely contested apart from occasional world record attempts . The event has a long history , with first recorded races dating back to the late 17th century . The first athlete to run more than 20 kilometers in one hour was Emil Zátopek , in September 1951 . Zátopek also set the 20,000 meters world record in the same race , and since that time most men 's 20,000 m world records were set en route to one hour world records . The men 's world record is 21,285 metres ( 13.226 mi ) , set by Haile Gebrselassie on 27 June 2007 , while the women 's world record is 18,517 metres ( 11.506 mi ) , set by Dire Tune on 12 June 2008 .