List of winners of the New York City Marathon
Women 's open division
Table:
Year
Winner
Country
Time
Notes

1972
Nina Kuscsik
United States
3:08:41
Course record

1973
Nina Kuscsik
United States
2:57:07
Course record, 2nd victory

1974
Kathrine Switzer
United States
3:07:29

1975
Kim Merritt
United States
2:46:14
Course record

1976
Miki Gorman
United States
2:39:11
Course record

1977
Miki Gorman
United States
2:43:10
2nd victory

1978
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:32:30
World record

1979
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:27:33
World record, 2nd victory

1980
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:25:42
World record, 3rd victory

1981
Allison Roe
New Zealand
2:25:29
World record

1982
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:27:14
4th victory

1983
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:27:00
5th victory

1984
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:29:30
6th victory

1985
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:28:34
7th victory

1986
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:28:06
8th victory

1987
Priscilla Welch
United Kingdom
2:30:17

1988
Grete Waitz
Norway
2:28:07
9th victory

1989
Ingrid Kristiansen
Norway
2:25:30

1990
Wanda Panfil
Poland
2:30:45

1991
Liz McColgan
United Kingdom
2:27:32

Drawing on the provided table together with the relevant paragraphs below.

Provide an answer to this question: How many times was the person who ran the marathon fastest in New York in 1977 fastest in the Boston Marathon ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Nina Kuscsik ( born January 2 , 1939 ) is a retired female long-distance runner from the United States , who has participated in over 80 marathons . She was the first woman to officially win the Boston Marathon , 1972 . Alongside Beth Bonner , Kuscsik became the second American woman to complete a marathon in under three hours , running a time of 2:56:04 at the 1971 New York City Marathon ( Bonner did so in the same race with 2:55:22 ) . Kuscsik is a former American women 's record-holder for a 50-mile run , through her run of 6:35:53 in 1977 in Central Park , New York . She continued running into her later years and was the first woman to finish the Empire State Building Run-Up in 1979 , 1980 and 1981 . Before she took up running , she was New York State women 's speed skating champion , New York State women 's roller-skating champion , and New York State women 's bicycling champion , all in the same year . She started running because her bicycle broke and she needed another way of being active . Kuscsik believes that running creates a sense of calmness that is applicable to other parts of life She was instrumental in influencing the U.S . Amateur Athletic Association , in late 1971 , to increase its maximum distance for sanctioned women 's races , leading to official participation by women in marathons , beginning at Boston in 1972 . Kuscsik is a mother of three . She raised her two sons and one daughter in South Huntington , New York , in a house she bought in 1965 with her husband at the time .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
Kathrine Virginia Kathy Switzer ( born January 5 , 1947 , in Amberg , Germany ) is an American marathon runner , author , and television commentator . In 1967 , she became the first woman to run the Boston Marathon as a numbered entrant . During her run , race official Jock Semple attempted to stop Switzer and grab her official bib ; however , he was shoved to the ground by Switzer 's boyfriend , Thomas Miller , who was running with her , and she completed the race . It was not until 1972 that women were allowed to run the Boston Marathon officially .
Kim Merritt ( born May 22 , 1955 in Racine , Wisconsin ) is a former American long-distance runner who competed in the marathon . Her career coincided with the development of women 's running in the United States and she was at the forefront of distance running in the mid-1970s . She won the 1975 New York City Marathon and in 1976 she took the women 's titles at both the Boston and Honolulu Marathons . Her personal best time of 2:37:57 , set at the 1977 Nike OTC Marathon , was an American record for the distance and made her the fourth best runner worldwide that year . Merritt also won numerous shorter races on the national circuit , including the Falmouth Road Race , Crim 10 mile run and Gate River Run . She ceased competing around 1980 , although she made an unsuccessful attempt at the 1984 Olympic Marathon Trials .
Michiko Miki Suwa Gorman ( August 9 , 1935 - September 19 , 2015 ) was an American marathoner of Japanese ancestry . Gorman did not begin running competitively until she was in her mid 30s , but rapidly emerged as one of the elite marathoning women of the mid-1970s . She is the only woman to win both the Boston and New York City marathons twice and is the first of only two woman runners to win both marathons in the same year .
Grete Waitz ( née Andersen , 1 October 1953 - 19 April 2011 ) was a Norwegian marathon runner and former world record holder . In 1979 , she became the first woman in history to run the marathon in under two and a half hours . She won nine New York City Marathons , women 's division , between 1978 and 1988 , more than any other runner in history . She won a silver medal at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles and a gold medal at the 1983 World Championships in Helsinki . Her other marathon victories included winning the London Marathon in 1983 and 1986 . She was also a five-time winner of the World Cross Country Championships . Waitz won 12 World Marathon Majors , the most for any runner .
Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg .
Allison Pamela Roe MBE ( née Deed ; born 30 May 1956 ) is a former long-distance athlete from New Zealand . In 1981 , she won both the Boston Marathon and New York City Marathon , becoming the second of only two women to accomplish the feat in the same year . In Boston , she ran 2:26:46 to improve the course record by almost eight minutes , set the previous year by Jacqueline Gareau . In New York , she set a worlds best woman marathon time with 2:25:29 , to break Grete Waitz 's time of 2:25:42 from the 1980 New York Marathon . However , after re-measurement , the 1981 course was found to be 150 metres short , though Waitz 's 1980 record is also disputed . Also in 1981 , she set a 20 km world record in Miyazaki , Japan . At the 2013 Auckland elections , Roe was elected to the Waitemata District Health Board and the Devonport-Takapuna Local Board . In the 2016 elections , Roe joined the Rodney First ticket and stood for re-election for the Health Board and election to the Rodney Local Board . She was successful in both contests with the second most popular and most popular votes respectively .
New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state .
Priscilla June Welch ( born 22 November 1944 ) is a British retired marathon runner . She twice broke the British record for the marathon , with 2:28:54 when finishing sixth at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and 2:26:51 when finishing second at the 1987 London Marathon . The latter time stood as the W40 World Masters record for over 20 years . She also won the 1987 New York City Marathon .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Ingrid Kristiansen ( née Christensen on 21 March 1956 ) is a Norwegian former athlete . She was one of the best female long distance runners during the 1980s . She is a former world record holder in the 5000 metres , 10,000 metres and the marathon ( at one point in time , she held those records simultaneously , the only person ever ) and was a World Champion on the track , roads and cross-country . Kristiansen was the first athlete to win World titles on all three surfaces . At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics , she finished fourth in the first women 's Olympic marathon . At the 1988 Seoul Olympics , she dropped out of the 10,000 metres final while leading . Early in her career , she was also an elite cross country skier , winning several Norwegian titles and a European junior championship . Her world record in the 10000 m set in 1986 was n't broken for 16 years . The time in her 1985 London Marathon 2:21.06 was the fastest marathon time for 13 years .
Wanda Marianna Panfil-González ( born 26 January 1959 in Tomaszów Mazowiecki ) is a former long-distance runner from Poland , who won the world title in the women 's marathon at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics in Tokyo , Japan . She is married to Mexican long-distance runner Mauricio González . Panfil twice competed for her native country at the Summer Olympics ; in 1988 when she finished 22nd with a 2:34:35 , and in 1992 when she finished in 22nd position with a 2:47:27 in the women 's marathon . During her career she won the London Marathon , the Boston Marathon , the New York City Marathon and the Nagoya Marathon . In 1990 and 1991 she was named Polish Sportswoman of the Year . Panfil is a four-time national champion in the women 's 5.000 metres .
Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 .
Elizabeth McColgan-Nuttall MBE ( née Lynch ; born 24 May 1964 ) is a British former middle-distance and long-distance track and road-running athlete . She won the gold medal for the 10,000 metres at the 1991 World Championships , and a silver medal over the same distance at the 1988 Olympic Games . She was also a two-time gold medallist over the distance at the Commonwealth Games , as well as winning the 1992 World Half Marathon Championships , 1991 New York City Marathon , 1992 Tokyo Marathon and 1996 London Marathon . Her 10,000 metres best of 30:57.07 set in 1991 , made her only the third woman in history to run the distance in under 31 minutes . Both that time and her marathon best of 2:26:52 in 1997 , still stand as Scottish records ( as of 2018 ) .