Research-intensive cluster
List of research-intensive clusters
Table:
Name

Location

Nation

Anchor Universities/Institutes
(or Companies)

315 Research Corridor

Columbus, OH

U.S.

Ohio State University, Battelle Institute, etc.

BioValley

Basel, Freiburg, Illkirch

Switzerland, Germany, France

Innovation Center, Unicampus, Research Park, Technology Center

Edinburgh Science Triangle

Edinburgh

Scotland

(many)

Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle (ELAt)[1]

Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen

Netherlands, Belgium, Germany

(many)

Global Medical Excellence Cluster[1]

South East England and East Anglia

England

Many, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)and University College London (UCL)

Golden triangle[1]

Oxford, London and Cambridge

England

Many, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL), the London School of Economics (LSE) and University College London (UCL)

Innovation Crescent

Atlanta, GA and Athens, GA

U.S.

Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, University of Georgia, etc.

MedCity[1]

London

England

Imperial College London, King's College London (KCL) and University College London (UCL)

Medicon Valley

Öresund Region

Denmark and Sweden

University of Copenhagen, Lund University, etc.

Michigan Life Sciences Corridor

Michigan

U.S.

Michigan State University, Wayne State University, University of Michigan, Van Andel Institute

OstWestfalenLippe Maschinenbau[1]

East Westphalia

Germany

(many)

Oklahoma Research Corridor

Oklahoma

U.S.

University of Oklahoma (OU), OU Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma State University (OSU), University of Tulsa (TU)

Oulu Region[1]

Oulu

Finland

University of Oulu, Technopolis Plc

Paris-Saclay

Paris, Ile-de-France

France

Université Paris-Saclay (2014), Etablissement public Paris-Saclay and Paris Region Economic Development Agency

Pittsburgh Quantum Institute

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

U.S.

Duquesne University, Carnegie Mellon University, and the University of Pittsburgh

Red River Valley Research Corridor

North Dakota

U.S.

North Dakota State University (NDSU) and University of North Dakota (UND)

Research Triangle

Raleigh-Durham-Cary-Chapel Hill, North Carolina

U.S.

North Carolina State University, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Salzburg Wood Cluster[1]

Salzburg

Austria

(many)

Silicon Fen (or the Cambridge Cluster)[1]

Cambridge

England

University of Cambridge

Silicon Valley

southern San Francisco Bay Area

U.S.

(many)

From the provided table and the supporting text listed.

Answer the following question: What is the name of the cluster where one of the anchor universities operates the Confucius Institute in partnership with Nanjing University ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio . With a population of 892,533 as of 2018 estimates , it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States and one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation . This makes Columbus the second-most populous city in the Midwest ( after Chicago , Illinois ) . It is the core city of the Columbus , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses ten counties . With a population of 2,078,725 , it is Ohio 's second-largest metropolitan area . Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County . The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties . Named for explorer Christopher Columbus , the city was founded in 1812 , at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers , and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816 . The city has a diverse economy based on education , government , insurance , banking , defense , aviation , food , clothes , logistics , steel , energy , medical research , health care , hospitality , retail , and technology . The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute , the world 's largest private research and development foundation ; Chemical Abstracts Service , the world 's largest clearinghouse of chemical information ; NetJets , the world 's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet ; and Ohio State University , one of the largest universities in the United States . As of 2018 , the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500 : American Electric Power , Cardinal Health , L Brands , Nationwide , and Big Lots , just out of the top 500 . In 2016 , Money Magazine ranked Columbus as one of The 6 Best Big Cities , calling it the best in the Midwest , citing a highly educated workforce and excellent wage growth .
The Ohio State University ( OSU , commonly referred to as Ohio State ) is a public research university in Columbus , Ohio . Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862 , the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College . The college originally focused on various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor ( later , U.S. president ) Rutherford B. Hayes , and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to The Ohio State University . The main campus in Columbus , Ohio , has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States . The university also operates regional campuses in Lima , Mansfield , Marion , Newark , and Wooster . The university has an extensive student life program , with over 1,000 student organizations ; intercollegiate , club and recreational sports programs ; student media organizations and publications , fraternities and sororities ; and three student governments . Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes . As of the 2016 Summer Olympics , athletes from Ohio State have won 104 Olympic medals ( 46 gold , 35 silver , and 23 bronze ) . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports .
Battelle Memorial Institute ( more widely known as simply Battelle ) is a private nonprofit applied science and technology development company headquartered in Columbus , Ohio . Battelle is a charitable trust organized as a nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State of Ohio and is exempt from taxation under Section 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) of the Internal Revenue Code because it is organized for charitable , scientific and education purposes . The institute opened in 1929 but traces its origins to the 1923 will of Ohio industrialist Gordon Battelle which provided for its creation . Originally focusing on contract research and development work in the areas of metals and material science , Battelle is now an international science and technology enterprise that explores emerging areas of science , develops and commercializes technology , and manages laboratories for customers .
BioValley is the leading life science cluster in Europe , founded 1996 . It connects academia and companies of three nations in the Upper Rhine Valley , namely France , Germany and Switzerland . The main objective is the greater research cooperation between companies and academia involved in the life science sectors , including pharmacology , biotechnology , nanotechnology , medical technology , chemistry and agricultural biotechnology .
Basel ( /ˈbɑːzəl/ BAH-zəl , German : [ ˈbaːzl̩ ] ( listen ) ) or Basle ( /bɑːl/ BAHL ; French : Bâle [ bɑl ] ; Italian : Basilea [ baziˈlɛːa ] ; Romansh : Basilea [ baziˈleːa ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine . Basel is Switzerland 's third-most-populous city ( after Zürich and Geneva ) with about 180,000 inhabitants . Located where the Swiss , French and German borders meet , Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany . As of 2016 [ update ] , the Swiss Basel agglomeration was the third-largest in Switzerland , with a population of 541,000 in 74 municipalities in Switzerland ( municipal count as of 2018 ) . The initiative Trinational Eurodistrict Basel ( TEB ) of 62 suburban communes including municipalities in neighboring countries , counted 829,000 inhabitants in 2007 . The official language of Basel is ( the Swiss variety of Standard ) German , but the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect . The city is known for its many internationally renowned museums , ranging from the Kunstmuseum , the first collection of art accessible to the public in Europe ( 1661 ) and the largest museum of art in the whole of Switzerland , to the Fondation Beyeler ( located in Riehen ) . The University of Basel , Switzerland 's oldest university ( founded in 1460 ) , and the city 's centuries-long commitment to humanism , have made Basel a safe haven at times of political unrest in other parts of Europe for such notable people as Erasmus of Rotterdam , the Holbein family , Friedrich Nietzsche , and in the 20th century also Hermann Hesse and Karl Jaspers . The city of Basel is Switzerland 's second-largest economic centre after the city of Zürich [ citation needed ] and has the highest GDP per capita in the country , ahead of the cantons of Zug and Geneva . In terms of value , over 94% of Basel City 's goods exports are in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors . With production facilities located in the neighboring Schweizerhalle , Basel accounts for 20% of Swiss exports and generates one third of the national product . Basel has been the seat of a Prince-Bishopric since the 11th century , and joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501 .
Freiburg im Breisgau ( German : [ ˈfʁaɪbʊʁk ʔɪm ˈbʁaɪsɡaʊ ] ( listen ) ; Alemannic German : Friburg im Brisgau [ ˈfʁiːb̥əɡ̊ ] ) is a city in Baden-Württemberg , Germany , with a population of about 220,000 . In the south-west of the country , it straddles the Dreisam river , at the foot of the Schlossberg . Historically , the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain . A famous old German university town , and archiepiscopal seat , Freiburg was incorporated in the early twelfth century and developed into a major commercial , intellectual , and ecclesiastical center of the upper Rhine region . The city is known for its medieval minster and Renaissance university , as well as for its high standard of living and advanced environmental practices . The city is situated in the heart of the major Baden wine-growing region and serves as the primary tourist entry point to the scenic beauty of the Black Forest . According to meteorological statistics , the city is the sunniest and warmest in Germany , and held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 °C ( 104.4 °F ) from 2003 to 2015 .
Illkirch-Graffenstaden ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ilkiʁʃ gʁafənʃtadən ] ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France . It is the second-largest suburb of the city of Strasbourg , and is adjacent to it on the south-southwest . Illkirch-Graffenstaden is one of the fastest growing cities in France and probably in Europe , its population having more than doubled in less than forty years ( from 11,648 in 1968 to 26,368 in 2006 ) . In the past Illkirch and Graf ( f ) enstaden were two separate villages . Illkirch-Graffenstaden therefore differs from more conventional towns , being akin to two long villages , one to the north of the other , giving rise to an exceptionally long main street lined with traditional small half-timbered houses : where these have been supplemented by modern designs , the modern buildings tend to respect the traditional size and look of the older ones . Twinned with Dijon ( France )
The Edinburgh Science Triangle ( EST ) is a multi-disciplinary partnership between universities , research institutes , the National Health Service , science parks , the national economic development agency Scottish Enterprise , and central and local government in Edinburgh and neighbouring council areas . The three points of the triangle are Livingston in West Lothian , Musselburgh in East Lothian , and the Easter Bush campus in Midlothian . The collaborative project aims to attract new indigenous and inward investment , and to build a professional scientific community based on academic research and commercial enterprises . The target sectors for the project are the life sciences , informatics , micro- and optoelectronics and energy . The Edinburgh Science Triangle was launched by Jim Wallace , the Deputy First Minister , in September 2004 , at the Roslin BioCentre in Midlothian . It is a member of Edinburgh 's Local Investment Partnership , which includes the City of Edinburgh Council , Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce , Scottish Development International and Scottish Enterprise . Scottish Development International promotes the Edinburgh Science Triangle abroad . Funding to promote and support the Edinburgh Science Triangle comes from Scottish Enterprise , the European Regional Development Fund , the City of Edinburgh , Midlothian and West Lothian councils , and the participating science parks .
Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 .
Eindhoven ( /ˈaɪnthoʊvən/ EYENT-hoh-vən , Dutch : [ ˈɛintɦoːvə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ) is the fifth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands , located in the south of the country . It had a population of 231,469 in 2019 , making it the largest city in the province of North Brabant . Eindhoven was originally located at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender . Neighbouring cities and towns include Son en Breugel , Nuenen , Geldrop-Mierlo , Helmond , Heeze-Leende , Waalre , Veldhoven , Eersel , Oirschot and Best . The agglomeration has a population of 337,487 . The metropolitan area consists of 419,045 inhabitants . The city region has a population of 753,426 . The Brabantse Stedenrij combined metropolitan area has about 2 million inhabitants .
Leuven ( /ˈlɜːvən/ , Dutch : [ ˈløːvə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ) or Louvain ( /luːˈvæ̃/ , also US : /luːˈveɪn/ , French : [ luvɛ̃ ] ; German : Löwen [ ˈløːvn̩ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium . It is located about 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) east of Brussels . The municipality itself comprises the historic city and the former neighbouring municipalities of Heverlee , Kessel-Lo , a part of Korbeek-Lo , Wilsele and Wijgmaal . It is the eighth largest city in Belgium and the fourth in Flanders with more than 100,244 inhabitants . KU Leuven , Belgium 's largest university , has its flagship campus in Leuven , which has been a university city since 1425 . This makes it the oldest university city in the Low Countries . The city is also known for being the headquarters of Anheuser-Busch InBev , the world 's largest beer brewer and sixth-largest fast-moving consumer goods company .
Aachen ( /ˈɑːxən/ , German : [ ˈʔaːxn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Kölsch : Oche [ ˈɔːxə ] ) , also known as Bad Aachen ( Aachen Spa ) , in French and English as Aix-la-Chapelle , [ a ] in Italian as Aquisgrana , and in Latin as Aquæ Granni , is a spa and border city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . Aachen developed from a Roman settlement and spa , subsequently becoming the preferred medieval Imperial residence of Charlemagne , and , from 936 to 1531 , the place where 31 Holy Roman Emperors were crowned Kings of the Germans . Aachen is the westernmost city in Germany , located near the borders with Belgium and the Netherlands , 61 km ( 38 mi ) west south west of Cologne in a former coal-mining area . One of Germany 's leading institutes of higher education in technology , the RWTH Aachen University , is located in the city . [ b ] Aachen 's industries include science , engineering and information technology . In 2009 , Aachen was ranked eighth among cities in Germany for innovation .
Global Medical Excellence Cluster ( GMEC ) describes the business cluster model formed by premier UK academic institutions with medical centres in biomedical and related technologies and patient care with a view of forging resources and strengths towards medical innovation and healthcare improvement research . Currently , GMEC represents the largest life science bio-cluster in the world . GMEC was founded by five universities , namely : University of Cambridge , University College London , Imperial College London , King 's College London and University of Oxford . It was then joined by Queen Mary University of London in 2012 . GMEC is the UK 's answer to the biomedical clusters that is trending in the USA , Europe and Asia , where academia and industry collaborate to deliver medical innovation and generate economic value .
South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes . It consists of Berkshire , Buckinghamshire , East Sussex , Hampshire , the Isle of Wight , Kent , Oxfordshire , Surrey and West Sussex . As with the other regions of England , apart from Greater London , the south east has no elected government . It is the third largest region of England , with an area of 19,096 km2 ( 7,373 sq mi ) , and is also the most populous with a total population of over eight and a half million ( 2011 ) . The headquarters of the region 's governmental bodies are in Guildford , and the region contains seven chartered cities : Brighton and Hove , Canterbury , Chichester , Oxford , Portsmouth , Southampton and Winchester , though other major settlements include Reading , Medway , Milton Keynes and Slough . Its proximity to London and connections to several national motorways have led to South East England becoming an economic hub , with the largest economy in the country outside the capital . It is the location of Gatwick Airport , the UK 's second-busiest airport , and its coastline along the English Channel provides numerous ferry crossings to mainland Europe . The region is known for its countryside , which includes the North Downs and the Chiltern Hills as well as two national parks : the New Forest and the South Downs . The River Thames flows through the region and its basin is known as the Thames Valley . It is also the location of a number of internationally known places of interest , such as HMS Victory in Portsmouth , Cliveden in Buckinghamshire , Thorpe Park and RHS Wisley in Surrey , Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire , Windsor Castle in Berkshire , Leeds Castle , the White Cliffs of Dover and Canterbury Cathedral in Kent , Brighton Pier and Hammerwood Park in East Sussex , and Wakehurst Place in West Sussex . The region has many universities ; the University of Oxford is ranked among the best in the world . South East England is host to various sporting events , including the annual Henley Royal Regatta , Royal Ascot and The Derby , and sporting venues include Wentworth Golf Club and Brands Hatch .
East Anglia is a geographical area in the East of England . The area included has varied but the legally defined NUTS 2 statistical unit comprises the counties of Norfolk , Suffolk and Cambridgeshire , including the City of Peterborough unitary authority area . The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles , a tribe whose name originated in Anglia , northern Germany .
The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford , England . There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096 , making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world 's second-oldest university in continuous operation . It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris . After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209 , some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge . The two ancient universities are frequently jointly called Oxbridge . The history and influence of the University of Oxford has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The university is made up of 39 constituent colleges , and a range of academic departments , which are organised into four divisions . All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university , each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities . It does not have a main campus , and its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre . Undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials at the colleges and halls , supported by classes , lectures , seminars , and laboratory work provided by university faculties and departments ; some postgraduate teaching includes tutorials organised by faculties and departments . It operates the world 's oldest university museum , as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system nationwide . In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2018 , the university had a total income of £2.2 billion , of which £579 million was from research grants and contracts .
The University of Cambridge ( legally The Chancellor , Masters , and Scholars of the University of Cambridge ) is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge , United Kingdom . Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by King Henry III in 1231 , Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world 's fourth-oldest surviving university . The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople . The two 'ancient universities ' share many common features and are often referred to jointly as 'Oxbridge ' . The academic standards , history , influence and wealth of the University of Cambridge has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 semi-autonomous constituent Colleges and over 100 academic departments organised into six schools . Cambridge University Press , a department of the university , is the world 's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world . Cambridge Assessment , also a department of the university , is one of the world 's leading examining bodies and provides assessment to over eight million learners globally every year . The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums , including the Fitzwilliam Museum , as well as a botanic garden . Cambridge 's libraries , of which there are over 100 , hold a total of around 16 million books , around nine million of which are in Cambridge University Library , a legal deposit library . The university is home to , but independent of , the Cambridge Union - the world 's oldest debating society . The university is closely linked to the development of the high-tech business cluster known as 'Silicon Fen ' .
Imperial College London ( legally Imperial College of Science , Technology and Medicine ) is a public research university located in London . In 1851 , Prince Albert built his vision of an area for culture , including the Victoria and Albert Museum , Natural History Museum , Royal Colleges , Royal Albert Hall , and the Imperial Institute . In 1907 , Imperial College was established by royal charter , merging the Royal College of Science , Royal School of Mines , and City and Guilds of London Institute . In 1988 , the Imperial College School of Medicine was formed by combining with St Mary 's Hospital Medical School . In 2004 , Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School . The main campus is located in South Kensington , with an innovation campus in White City . The college also has a research centre at Silwood Park , and teaching hospitals throughout London . The university focuses exclusively on science , engineering , medicine , and business . Imperial has an international community , with more than 59% of students from outside the UK and 140 countries represented on campus . In 2019-20 , Imperial is internationally ranked 9th in the QS World University Rankings , 10th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings , 8th in Reuters The World 's Most Innovative Universities , and 24th in the Academic Ranking of World Universities . Student , staff , and researcher affiliations include 14 Nobel laureates , 3 Fields Medalists , 1 Turing Award winner , 74 Fellows of the Royal Society , 87 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering , and 85 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences .
King 's College London ( informally King 's or KCL ) is a public research university located in London , United Kingdom , and a founding college and member institution of the federal University of London . King 's was established in 1829 by King George IV and Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington , when it received its first royal charter ( as a university college ) , and is one of the oldest universities in England . In 1836 , King 's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London . In the late 20th century , King 's grew through a series of mergers , including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology ( in 1985 ) , the Institute of Psychiatry ( in 1997 ) , the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy 's and St Thomas ' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery ( in 1998 ) . King 's has five campuses : its historic Strand Campus in central London , three other Thames-side campuses ( Guy 's , St Thomas ' and Waterloo ) nearby and one in Denmark Hill in south London . In 2018/19 , King 's had a total income of £902.0 million , of which £194.7 million was from research grants and contracts . It is the 12th largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment . It has the fourth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom , and the largest of any in London . Its academic activities are organised into nine faculties , which are subdivided into numerous departments , centres , and research divisions . It is a member of academic organisations including the Association of Commonwealth Universities , European University Association , and the Russell Group . King 's is home to six Medical Research Council centres and is a founding member of the King 's Health Partners academic health sciences centre , Francis Crick Institute and MedCity . It is the largest European centre for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research , by number of students , and includes the world 's first nursing school , the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery .
Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL , or informally QM ) is a public research university in London , England , and a constituent college of the federal University of London . It dates back to the foundation of London Hospital Medical College in 1785 . Queen Mary College , named after Mary of Teck , was admitted to the University of London in 1915 and in 1989 merged with Westfield College to form Queen Mary and Westfield College . In 1995 Queen Mary and Westfield College merged with St Bartholomew 's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry . Queen Mary has five campuses across East and Central London in Mile End , Whitechapel , Charterhouse Square , Lincoln 's Inn Fields and Smithfield , as well as an international presence in China , France , Greece and Malta . The Mile End campus is the largest self-contained campus of any London-based Russell Group university . In 2018/19 the University had around 26,000 students . Queen Mary is organised into three faculties - the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , the Faculty of Science and Engineering and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry . Queen Mary is a member of the Russell Group of British research universities , the Association of Commonwealth Universities and Universities UK . Queen Mary is a major centre for medical teaching and research and is part of UCLPartners , the world 's largest academic health science centre . Queen Mary run programmes at the University of London Institute in Paris , taking over the functions provided by Royal Holloway . Queen Mary also collaborates with University of London to offer its Global MBA program .
University College London , which has operated under the official name of UCL since 2005 , is a public research university located in London , United Kingdom . It is a member institution of the federal University of London , and is the third largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment , and the largest by postgraduate enrolment . Established in 1826 as London University by founders inspired by the radical ideas of Jeremy Bentham , UCL was the first university institution to be established in London , and the first in England to be entirely secular and to admit students regardless of their religion . UCL also makes the contested claims of being the third-oldest university in England [ note 1 ] and the first to admit women . [ note 2 ] In 1836 UCL became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London , which was granted a royal charter in the same year . It has grown through mergers , including with the Institute of Neurology ( in 1997 ) , the Royal Free Hospital Medical School ( in 1998 ) , the Eastman Dental Institute ( in 1999 ) , the School of Slavonic and East European Studies ( in 1999 ) , the School of Pharmacy ( in 2012 ) and the Institute of Education ( in 2014 ) . UCL has its main campus in the Bloomsbury area of central London , with a number of institutes and teaching hospitals elsewhere in central London and satellite campuses in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford , east London and in Doha , Qatar . UCL is organised into 11 constituent faculties , within which there are over 100 departments , institutes and research centres . UCL operates several museums and collections in a wide range of fields , including the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology and the Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy , and administers the annual Orwell Prize in political writing . In 2017/18 , UCL had around 41,500 students and 15,100 staff ( including around 7,100 academic staff and 840 professors ) and had a total group income of £1.45 billion , of which £476.3 million was from research grants and contracts . In the most recent Research Excellence Framework rankings for research power , UCL was the top-rated university in the UK as calculated by Times Higher Education , and second as calculated by The Guardian/Research Fortnight . UCL had the 9th highest average entry tariff in the UK for students starting in 2017 .
The golden triangle is an unofficial grouping of research universities located in the cities of Cambridge , London and Oxford in the southeast of England . [ note 1 ] The triangle is occasionally referred to as the Loxbridge triangle , a portmanteau of London and Oxbridge . The corners of the triangle are formed by the University of Cambridge , the University of Oxford and various universities in London . These are typically Imperial College London , University College London , King 's College London and the London School of Economics , [ note 2 ] although some sources omit either or both of King 's College London [ note 3 ] and the London School of Economics . [ note 4 ] Occasionally other universities in London will also be included , such as the London Business School and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine . The institutions typically considered members of the triangle have among the highest research incomes of all British universities and collaborate closely through initiatives such as the G5 , Global Medical Cluster ( GMEC ) , MedCity , and SES . The balance of funding between the 'golden triangle ' and the rest of the UK has been questioned , and was specifically included in the terms of reference for an enquiry in 2018 by the House of Commons Science and Technology Select Committee . According to defenders of the level of funding going to the golden triangle institutions , The apparent concentration of research in the golden triangle is little more than a reflection of the distribution of people in the UK . Analysis of grant proposals to Research Councils UK between 2012-13 and 2016-17 has shown that golden triangle institutions do not have unusually high success rates ( two are actually below the expected range ) , but that the northern universities of Durham , Lancaster and York do .
Oxford ( /ˈɒksfəd/ OKS-fəd ) is a university city in Oxfordshire , England , with a population of 155,000 . It is 56 miles ( 90 km ) northwest of London , 64 miles ( 103 km ) from Birmingham and 24 miles ( 39 km ) from Reading by road . The city is home to the University of Oxford , the oldest in the English-speaking world , and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon . Oxford 's industries include motor manufacturing , education , publishing , information technology and science .
London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .
Cambridge ( /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij ) is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire , England , on the River Cam approximately 50 miles ( 80 km ) north of London . At the United Kingdom Census 2011 , its population was 123,867 including 24,506 students . Cambridge became an important trading centre during the Roman and Viking ages , and there is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area as early as the Bronze Age . The first town charters were granted in the 12th century , although modern city status was not officially conferred until 1951 . The University of Cambridge was founded in 1209 . The buildings of the university include King 's College Chapel , Cavendish Laboratory , and the Cambridge University Library , one of the largest legal deposit libraries in the world . The city 's skyline is dominated by several college buildings , along with the spire of the Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church , and the chimney of Addenbrooke 's Hospital . Anglia Ruskin University , which evolved from the Cambridge School of Art and the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology , also has its main campus in the city . Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology Silicon Fen with industries such as software and bioscience and many start-up companies born out of the university . Over 40 per cent of the workforce have a higher education qualification , more than twice the national average . The Cambridge Biomedical Campus , one of the largest biomedical research clusters in the world , is soon to house premises of AstraZeneca , a hotel , and the relocated Papworth Hospital . The first game of association football took place at Parker 's Piece .
The London School of Economics ( officially the London School of Economics and Political Science , often referred to as the LSE ) is a public research university located in London , England , and a member institution of the federal University of London . Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb , Beatrice Webb , Graham Wallas , and George Bernard Shaw for the betterment of society , LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and established its first degree courses under the auspices of the University in 1901 . LSE started awarding its own degrees in its own name in 2008 , prior to which it awarded degrees of the University of London . The LSE is located in Westminster , central London , near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn . The area is historically known as Clare Market . The LSE has more than 11,000 students , just under seventy percent of whom come from outside the UK , and 3,300 staff . It had an income of £415.1 million in 2018/19 , of which £32.1 million was from research grants . One hundred and fifty-five nationalities are represented amongst the LSE 's student body and the school has the second highest percentage of international students ( 70% ) of all world universities . Despite its name , the school is organised into 25 academic departments and institutes which conduct teaching and research across a range of pure and applied social sciences . The LSE is a member of the Russell Group , Association of Commonwealth Universities , European University Association and is sometimes considered a part of the Golden Triangle of universities in south-east England . For the subject area of social science , LSE places second in the world in the QS Rankings , seventh in THE Rankings , and eighth in the Academic Ranking of World Universities . LSE is ranked among the top twenty universities nationally by all three UK tables , while internationally LSE is ranked in the top 50 by two of the three major global rankings .
Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 .
Athens , officially Athens-Clarke County , is a consolidated city-county and college town in the U.S. state of Georgia . Athens lies about 70 mi ( 113 km ) northeast of downtown Atlanta , a global city . The University of Georgia , the state 's flagship public university and an R1 research institution , is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth . In 1991 , after a vote the preceding year , the original City of Athens abandoned its charter to form a unified government with Clarke County , referred to jointly as Athens-Clarke County . As of 2017 [ update ] , the U.S. Census Bureau 's estimated population of the consolidated city-county ( all of Clarke County except Winterville and a portion of Bogart ) was 125,691 ; the entire county including Winterville and Bogart had a population of 127,064 . Athens is the sixth-largest city in Georgia , and the principal city of the Athens metropolitan area , which had a 2017 estimated population of 209,271 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Metropolitan Athens is a component of the larger Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area , a trading area . The city is dominated by a pervasive student culture and music scene centered on downtown Athens , next to the University of Georgia 's North Campus . Major music acts associated with Athens include numerous alternative rock bands such as R.E.M. , the B-52 's , Widespread Panic , and Neutral Milk Hotel . The city is also known as a recording site for such groups as the Atlanta-based Indigo Girls .
The Georgia Institute of Technology , commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or , in the state of Georgia , as Tech , is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta , Georgia . It is part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah , Georgia ; Metz , France ; Athlone , Ireland ; Shenzhen , China ; and Singapore . The school was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States . Initially , it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering . By 1901 , its curriculum had expanded to include electrical , civil , and chemical engineering . In 1948 , the school changed its name to reflect its evolution from a trade school to a larger and more capable technical institute and research university . Today , Georgia Tech is organized into six colleges and contains about 31 departments/units , with emphasis on science and technology . It is well recognized for its degree programs in engineering , computing , business administration , the sciences and design . Georgia Tech is ranked tied for 5th among all public national universities in the United States , tied for 4th in the Best Undergraduate Engineering Schools ranking , tied for 29th among all collegiate institutions in the National Universities category by U.S. News & World Report as of the 2020 rankings , and 34th among global universities in the world by Times Higher Education as of the 2019 rankings . Student athletics , both organized and intramural , are a part of student and alumni life . The school 's intercollegiate competitive sports teams , the four-time football national champion Yellow Jackets , and the nationally recognized fight song Ramblin ' Wreck from Georgia Tech , have helped keep Georgia Tech in the national spotlight . Georgia Tech fields eight men 's and seven women 's teams that compete in the NCAA Division I athletics and the Football Bowl Subdivision .
Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta , Georgia . The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford , Georgia , by the Methodist Episcopal Church and was named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory . In 1915 , Emory College moved to its present location in Druid Hills and was rechartered as Emory University . Its relocation was funded by Asa Griggs Candler , a businessman and philanthropist who wanted a major university in the city . Emory maintained a presence in Oxford ; its institution developed as Oxford College , a residential liberal arts college for the first two years of the Emory baccalaureate degree . The university is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia and among the fifty oldest private universities in the United States . Emory University has nine academic divisions : Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Oxford College , Goizueta Business School , Laney Graduate School , School of Law , School of Medicine , Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing , Rollins School of Public Health , and the Candler School of Theology . Emory University , the Georgia Institute of Technology , and Peking University in Beijing , China jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering . The university operates the Confucius Institute in Atlanta in partnership with Nanjing University . Emory has a growing faculty research partnership with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ) . Emory University students come from all 50 states , the District of Columbia , five territories of the United States , and over 100 foreign countries . Emory Healthcare is the largest healthcare system in the state of Georgia and comprises seven major hospitals , including the internationally renowned Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown .
The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) .
MedCity ( London ) describes the collaboration between the Mayor of London and the capital 's health science centres of three premier academic institutions Imperial College London , King 's College London and University College London comprising the London part of the 'golden triangle ' . MedCity was launched in 2014 to increase collaboration between Imperial College , Kings College and University College London - the capitals three main science universities - and promote the broader 'golden triangle ' between London , Cambridge and Oxford to investors . This collaboration is supported by HEFCE and London & Partners and works with the life sciences sector across the greater south-east of England . MedCity is funded by King 's Health Partners , Imperial College Academic Health Science Centre , UCL Partners and the Mayor of London .
Medicon Valley is a leading international life-sciences cluster in Europe , spanning the Greater Copenhagen region of eastern Denmark and southern Sweden . It is one of Europe 's strongest life science clusters , with many life science companies and research institutions located within a relatively small geographical area . The name has officially been in use since 1997 . Major life science sectors of the Medicon Valley cluster includes pharmacology , biotechnology , health tech and medical technology . It is specifically known for its research strengths in the areas of neurological disorders , inflammatory diseases , cancer and diabetes .
The Øresund Region ( Danish : Øresundsregionen [ ˈøːɐsɔnsʁɛkiˌoˀnn̩ ] ; Swedish : Öresundsregionen [ œːrɛˈsɵ̂nːdsrɛɡɪˌuːnɛn ] ) , also known as Greater Copenhagen for marketing purposes , is a metropolitan region that comprises eastern Denmark and Skåne in southern Sweden . Centred around the Øresund strait and the two cities which lie on either side , Copenhagen in Denmark and Malmö in Sweden , the region is connected by the Øresund Bridge , which spans the strait at its southern end , and the HH Ferry route between Elsinore , Denmark , and Helsingborg , Sweden , at the narrowest point of the strait . The Capital Region of Denmark and Region Zealand constitute the Danish side , while Scania constitutes the Swedish side . The region has a population of 4,002,372 ( 2018 ) and a population density of 191.79/km2 ( 496.7/sq mi ) . Since the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658 , Scania ( Swedish : Skåne ) has been subordinate to the King of Sweden , except during the Scanian War ( 1676-79 ) and briefly in 1710 , but it only became a province of Sweden under the Treaty of Stockholm 1720 ( dated 3 July 1720 ) . From 800 to 1658 , Greater Copenhagen was united under the flag of Denmark , although in the early years Denmark sometimes had several local kings . In recent years , part of the population has stressed Scania 's regional identity again . The Øresund Region consists of both rural and urban areas . There are two metropolitan areas within the region , Copenhagen metropolitan area and Metropolitan Malmö . Areas on the periphery of the region have a relatively low population density , whereas the two metropolitan areas of Copenhagen and Malmö are two of the most densely populated in Scandinavia . Helsingborg also forms an important urban hub on the Swedish side .
The University of Copenhagen ( UCPH ) ( Danish : Københavns Universitet ) is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark . Founded in 1479 as a studium generale , it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University ( 1477 ) . The university today is state-funded , and has 23,473 undergraduate students , 17,398 postgraduate students , 2,968 doctoral students and over 9,000 employees . The university has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen , with the headquarters located in central Copenhagen . Most courses are taught in Danish ; however , many courses are also offered in English and a few in German . The university has several thousands of foreign students , about half of whom come from Nordic countries . The university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities ( IARU ) , along with University of Cambridge , Yale University , The Australian National University , and UC Berkeley , amongst others , and of the League of European Research Universities ( LERU ) . The 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks the University of Copenhagen as the best university in Scandinavia and 26th in the world , the 2020 U.S. News & World Report ranks it as 7th in Europe and 32nd in the World , the Times Higher Education World University Rankings as 101st in the world , and the 2016-2017 QS World University Rankings as 68th in the world . As of October 2019 , the university has had 39 Nobel laureates affiliated as alumni , faculty members and researchers , and has produced one Turing Award recipient .
Lund University ( Swedish : Lunds universitet ) is a prestigious university in Sweden and one of northern Europes oldest universities . Lund University is consistently ranked among the world 's top 100 universities . The university is located in the city of Lund in the province of Scania , Sweden . It arguably traces its roots back to 1425 , when a Franciscan studium generale was founded in Lund next to the Lund Cathedral . After Sweden won Scania from Denmark in the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde , the university was officially founded in 1666 on the location of the old studium generale next to Lund Cathedral . Lund University has eight faculties , with additional campuses in the cities of Malmö and Helsingborg , with 40,000 students in 270 different programmes and 1,300 freestanding courses . The university has some 600 partner universities in nearly 70 countries and it belongs to the League of European Research Universities as well as the global Universitas 21 network . Two major facilities for materials research are in Lund University : MAX IV , a synchrotron radiation laboratory - inaugurated in June 2016 , and European Spallation Source ( ESS ) , a new European facility that will provide up to 100 times brighter neutron beams than existing facilities today , to be opened in 2023 . The university centers on the Lundagård park adjacent to the Lund Cathedral , with various departments spread in different locations in town , but mostly concentrated in a belt stretching north from the park connecting to the university hospital area and continuing out to the northeastern periphery of the town , where one finds the large campus of the Faculty of Engineering .
The Michigan Life Sciences Corridor ( MLSC ) is a $ 1 billion biotechnology initiative in the U.S. state of Michigan . The MLSC invests in biotech research at four Michigan institutions : the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor ; Michigan State University in East Lansing ; Wayne State University in Detroit ; and the Van Andel Institute in Grand Rapids . The Michigan Economic Development Corporation administers the program . It began in 1999 with money from the state 's settlement with the tobacco industry . When the program 's funds distributions are completed in 2019 , the goal is that the investments in high tech research will have notably expanded the state 's economic base .
Michigan ( /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States . Its name originates from the Ojibwe word mishigamaa , meaning large water or large lake . With a population of just under 10 million , Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States , with the 11th most extensive total area , and is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River . [ b ] Its capital is Lansing , and its largest city is Detroit . Metro Detroit is among the nation 's most populous and largest metropolitan economies . Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas . The Lower Peninsula is often noted as being shaped like a mitten . The Upper Peninsula ( often called the U.P . ) is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac , a five-mile ( 8 km ) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan . The Mackinac Bridge connects the peninsulas . The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world , being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes , plus Lake Saint Clair . Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds .
Michigan State University ( MSU ) is a public research university in East Lansing , Michigan . MSU was founded in 1855 and served as a model for land-grant universities later created under the Morrill Act of 1862 . The university was founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan , one of the country 's first institutions of higher education to teach scientific agriculture . After the introduction of the Morrill Act , the college became coeducational and expanded its curriculum beyond agriculture . Today , MSU is one of the largest universities in the United States ( in terms of enrollment ) and has approximately 634,300 living alumni worldwide . U.S. News & World Report ranks its graduate programs the best in the U.S. in elementary teacher 's education , secondary teacher 's education , industrial and organizational psychology , rehabilitation counseling , African history ( tied ) , supply chain logistics and nuclear physics in 2019 . MSU pioneered the studies of packaging , hospitality business , supply chain management , and communication sciences . Michigan State is a member of the Association of American Universities , an organization of 62 leading research universities in North America . The university 's campus houses the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory , the W. J. Beal Botanical Garden , the Abrams Planetarium , the Wharton Center for Performing Arts , the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum , the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams , and the country 's largest residence hall system . The Michigan State Spartans compete in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference . Michigan State Spartans football won the Rose Bowl Game in 1954 , 1956 , 1988 and 2014 , and a total of six national championships . Spartans men 's basketball won the NCAA National Championship in 1979 and 2000 and has attained the Final Four eight times since the 1998-1999 season , including in 2019 with a victory over Duke .
Wayne State University ( WSU ) is a public research university in Detroit , Michigan . It is the third largest university in Michigan . Founded in 1868 , WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering nearly 350 programs to nearly 27,000 graduate and undergraduate students . Wayne State University , along with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University , comprise the University Research Corridor of Michigan . The WSU main campus comprises 203 acres linking more than 100 education and research buildings . The Wayne State Warriors compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( GLIAC ) .
The University of Michigan ( UM , U-M , U of M , or UMich ) , often simply referred to as Michigan , is a public research university in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The university is Michigan 's oldest ; it was founded in 1817 in Detroit , as the Catholepistemiad , or University of Michigania , 20 years before the territory became a state . The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres ( 16 ha ) of what is now known as Central Campus . Since its establishment in Ann Arbor , the flagship university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than 34 million gross square feet ( 780 acres ; 3.2 km2 ) spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus , two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn , and a Center in Detroit . The university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities . Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States with annual research expenditures approaching $ 1.5 billion , Michigan is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 25 Nobel Prize winners , 6 Turing Award winners and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with the University of Michigan . Its comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities , social sciences , and STEM fields ( science , technology , engineering , and mathematics ) as well as professional degrees in architecture , business , medicine , law , pharmacy , nursing , social work , public health , and dentistry . Michigan 's body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people , one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world . Michigan 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Wolverines . They are members of the Big Ten Conference . More than 250 Michigan athletes or coaches have participated in Olympic events , winning more than 150 medals .
Van Andel Institute ( VAI ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit biomedical research and science education organization in Grand Rapids , Michigan . VAI was founded by Jay and Betty Van Andel in 1996 and comprises four divisions : Van Andel Research Institute ( VARI ) , Van Andel Education Institute ( VAEI ) , Van Andel Institute Graduate School ( VAIGS ) , and Purple Community . The Institute 's research focuses on cancer epigenetics and Parkinson 's disease . Its educational efforts support teacher development and science education from early elementary through the doctoral level . David Van Andel , son of Jay and Betty , has served as CEO and chairman of the board since 1996 .
Ostwestfalen-Lippe ( [ ˈɔstvɛstˈfaːlənˈlɪpə ] ( listen ) , literally East ( ern ) Westphalia-Lippe , abbreviation OWL ) is a region in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia , corresponding to the administrative region of Detmold . Ostwestfalen-Lippe is the eastern part of the region of Westphalia , joined with the Lippe region . The region has a population of 2.07 million , and major cities include Bielefeld , Paderborn , Gütersloh , Herford , Minden and Detmold . The highest point in Ostwestfalen-Lippe is on the side of the Totenkopf ( 498 m ) . Many major globally operating companies are headquartered in the region , including Bertelsmann , Miele , Dr. Oetker , Melitta , Gerry Weber , DMG MORI AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT , Hörmann , Schüco , Wincor Nixdorf , Phoenix Contact and Claas . In 2012 OWL became Germans BMBF Leading Edge Technology Cluster for intelligent Technical Systems ( it 's OWL ) , which is currently the largest public funded project in the context of the government initiative Industry 4.0 . Universities are located in Bielefeld , Paderborn and Lemgo . The Fraunhofer Society is engaged in OWL in Lemgo and Paderborn . The Teutoburg Forest stretches across the region . It was the site of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in the year 9 AD , where an alliance of Germanic tribes defeated the Roman Empire . In 1875 , a statue was unveiled of the commander Arminius , who led the Germans to victory at the battle . This statue , the Hermannsdenkmal , is one of the best-known sights in Ostwestfalen-Lippe .
Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ( listen ) ; Cherokee : ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ , ogalahoma ; Choctaw : Oklahumma ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States , bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west , Kansas on the north , Missouri on the northeast , Arkansas on the east , New Mexico on the west , and Colorado on the northwest . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its residents are known as Oklahomans ( or colloquially , Okies ) , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning red people . It is also known informally by its nickname , The Sooner State , in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16 , 1907 . With ancient mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S . Interior Highlands , all regions prone to severe weather . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for Southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans . More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas .
The University of Oklahoma ( OU ) is a public research university in Norman , Oklahoma . Founded in 1890 , it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma . In Fall 2018 the university had 31,702 students enrolled , most at its main campus in Norman . Employing nearly 3,000 faculty members , the school offers 152 baccalaureate programs , 160 master 's programs , 75 doctorate programs , and 20 majors at the first professional level . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . Its Norman campus has two prominent museums , the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art , specializing in French Impressionism and Native American artwork , and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History , specializing in the natural history of Oklahoma . The university has won multiple national championships in multiple sports , including seven football national championships and two NCAA Division I baseball championships . The women 's softball team has won the national championship four times : in 2000 , 2013 , and consecutively in 2016 and 2017 . The gymnastics teams have won a combined 11 national championships since 2002 , with the men 's team winning eight in the last 15 years , including three consecutive titles from 2015 to 2017 .
Oklahoma State University ( OSU ) is a public land-grant research university in Stillwater , Oklahoma . OSU was founded in 1890 under the Morrill Act . Originally known as Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College ( Oklahoma A & M ) , it is the flagship institution of the Oklahoma State University System . Official enrollment for the fall 2010 semester system-wide was 35,073 , with 23,459 students enrolled at OSU-Stillwater . Enrollment shows the Freshman class of 2012 was the largest on record with 4,298 students . OSU is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a research university with highest research activity . The Oklahoma State Cowboys and Cowgirls ' athletic heritage includes 52 national championships , a total greater than all but three NCAA Division I schools in the United States , and first in the Big 12 Conference . Students spend part of the fall semester preparing for OSU 's Homecoming celebration , begun in 1913 , which draws more than 40,000 alumni and over 70,000 participants each year to campus and is billed by the university as America 's Greatest Homecoming Celebration .
The University of Tulsa ( TU ) is a private research university in Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States . TU has an historic affiliation with the Presbyterian Church and the campus architectural style is predominantly Collegiate Gothic . The University of Tulsa manages the Gilcrease Museum , which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world . In 2016 , Tulsa acquired The Bob Dylan Archive and is developing a museum nearby in downtown Tulsa to display pieces from this collection . TU also hosts the Tulsa Studies in Women 's Literature , founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer ( now at the University of Cambridge ) . TU 's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) .
Oulu ( /ˈoʊluː/ OH-loo , Finnish : [ ˈou̯lu ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Uleåborg [ ʉːlɛɔˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is a city and municipality of 203,750 inhabitants ( 31 January 2019 ) in the region of North Ostrobothnia , Finland . It is the most populous city in Northern Finland , and the fifth most populous in the country . Only the city of Murmansk , Russia , has more people and is further north . Oulu is considered one of Europe 's living labs , where residents experiment with new technology ( such as NFC tags and ubi-screens ) on a community-wide scale .
The University of Oulu ( Finnish : Oulun yliopisto ) is one of the largest universities in Finland , located in the city of Oulu . It was founded on July 8 , 1958 . The university has around 13,000 students and 2,900 staff . 21 International Master 's Programmes are offered at the university . The university is often ranked as one of the better universities in Finland and in the top-400 worldwide .
Paris-Saclay is a research-intensive and business cluster currently under construction south of Paris , France . It encompasses research facilities , universities , French higher education institutions ( grandes écoles ) and also research centers of private companies . In 2013 , the Technology Review put Paris-Saclay in the top 8 world research clusters . In 2014 , it comprised almost 15% of French scientific research capacity . The earliest settlements are from the 1950s , and this area was subsequently extended several times during the 1970s and 2000s . Several projects are underway to continue the development of the campus , including the relocation of some facilities . The goal is to strengthen the cluster in order to build an international scientific and technological hub that can compete with other high-technology business districts , such as Silicon Valley or Cambridge , MA . This project started in 2006 and is likely to end in 2020 . The main part is the construction of the campus du plateau de Saclay ( in English plateau de Saclay campus ) , in order to launch the Université Paris-Saclay .
Paris ( French pronunciation : ​ [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire .
Île-de-France ( /ˌiːl də ˈfrɒ̃s/ , French : [ il də fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ; literally Island of France ) is the most populous of the 18 regions of France . It is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the région parisienne ( Paris Region ) because it includes the city of Paris . Île-de-France is densely populated and economically important : it covers only 12,012 square kilometres ( 4,638 square miles ) , about 2% of France 's territory , but has an official estimated population of 12,213,364 ( 18.2% of the population of France ) and accounts for nearly 30% of the French Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . The region is made up of eight administrative departments : Paris , Essonne , Hauts-de-Seine , Seine-Saint-Denis , Seine-et-Marne , Val-de-Marne , Val-d'Oise and Yvelines . It was created as the District of the Paris Region in 1961 and renamed in 1976 after the historic province of Île-de-France , when its status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972 . Residents are sometimes referred to as Franciliens , an administrative word created in the 1980s . The GDP of the region in 2016 was €681 billion ( or US $ 850 billion at market exchange rates ) . It has the highest per-capita GDP among regions in France and the third-highest of regions in the European Union . In 2018 , almost all of the twenty-eight French companies listed in the Fortune Global 500 had their headquarters in the Paris Region . Besides the landmarks of Paris , the region has many important historic sites , including the Palace of Versailles and the Palace of Fontainebleau , as well as the most-visited tourist attraction in France , Disneyland Paris . The poverty rate in Île-de-France was 15.9% in 2015 , compared with 12.3% in 2006 . The region is also increasingly unequal .
The University of Paris-Saclay ( French : Université Paris-Saclay ) is a research university in France . It is part of the Paris-Saclay project , which is a research-intensive academic campus and business cluster being developed on the Plateau de Saclay near Paris , and is expected to become the main center for training and research within the technology cluster of Paris-Saclay . The University integrates several leading grandes écoles , leading public universities , and research centers that are part of the world 's top research organizations in various fields . The University System 's first academic year started in September 2015 . From January 2020 , it will replace University of Paris-Sud ( Paris XI ) and in 2025 , Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) and Université dÉvry-Val-dEssonne ( UEVE ) will merge with it as well .
The Pittsburgh Quantum Institute ( PQI ) is a multidisciplinary research institute that focuses on quantum sciences and engineering in the Pittsburgh region . It is a research-intensive cluster . The Pittsburgh Quantum Institute ( PQI ) was founded in 2012 with the mission to help unify and promote quantum science and engineering in Pittsburgh . With financial support from the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh , PQI provides leadership throughout Pittsburgh in areas that impact the second quantum revolution . PQI members have faculty appointments from Duquesne University , Carnegie Mellon University , and the University of Pittsburgh in physics , chemistry , and engineering disciplines . The Pittsburgh Quantum Institute currently consists of 100 professors and their groups , a number that keeps growing every year with faculty appointments in the various departments of the member institutions . PQI sponsors and organizes research seminars , panel discussions , public lectures , and outreach activities , and a signature event ( PQI20XX in April ) that brings in a dozen plenary speakers and a public lecture . PQI supports graduate students with research and travel awards , and sponsors two well-attended poster sessions per year . The PQI website ( www.pqi.org ) highlights research and researchers , hosts multiple videos , and provides a regular feed of information relevant to the PQI community . PQI also coordinates with other important centers and facilities ( Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center , Petersen Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University Nanofabrication Facility , and the Center for Research Computing ) .
Pittsburgh ( /ˈpɪtsbɜːrɡ/ PITS-burg ) is a city in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States , and is the county seat of Allegheny County . A population of about 302,407 ( 2018 ) residents live within the city limits , making it the 66th-largest city in the U.S . The metropolitan population of 2,324,743 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia , the second-largest in Pennsylvania ( behind Philadelphia ) , and the 27th-largest in the U.S. Pittsburgh is located in the southwest of the state , at the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers . Pittsburgh is known both as the Steel City for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and as the City of Bridges for its 446 bridges . The city features 30 skyscrapers , two inclined railways , a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers . The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest , as the mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires , Virginians , Whiskey Rebels , and Civil War raiders . Aside from steel , Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum , glass , shipbuilding , petroleum , foods , sports , transportation , computing , autos , and electronics . For part of the 20th century , Pittsburgh was behind only New York City and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment ; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita . Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 80s laid off area blue-collar workers as steel and other heavy industries declined , and thousands of downtown white-collar workers also lost jobs when several Pittsburgh-based companies moved out . The population dropped from a peak of 675,000 in 1950 to 370,000 in 1990 . However , this rich industrial history left the area with renowned museums , medical centers , parks , research centers , and a diverse cultural district . After the deindustrialization of the mid-20th century , Pittsburgh has transformed into a hub for the health care , education , and technology industries .
Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit ( /djuːˈkeɪn/ ) is a private Catholic university in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , United States . Founded by members of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit , Duquesne first opened its doors as the Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost in October 1878 with an enrollment of 40 students and a faculty of six . In 1911 , the college became the first Catholic university-level institution in Pennsylvania . It is the only Spiritan institution of higher education in the world . [ citation needed ] It is named for an 18th-century governor of New France , Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville . Duquesne has since expanded to over 9,300 graduate and undergraduate students within a self-contained 49-acre ( 19.8 ha ) hilltop campus in Pittsburgh 's Bluff neighborhood . The school maintains an associate campus in Rome and encompasses ten schools of study . The university hosts international students from more than 80 countries although most students - about 80% - are from Pennsylvania or the surrounding region . Duquesne is considered a research university with higher research activity institution by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . There are more than 93,000 living alumni of the university including two cardinals and the current bishop of Pittsburgh . The Duquesne Dukes compete in NCAA Division I. Duquesne men 's basketball appeared twice in national championship games in the 1950s and won the NIT championship in 1955 .
The Carnegie Technical Schools were founded in 1900 in Pittsburgh by the Scottish American industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie , who wrote the time-honored words My heart is in the work , when he donated the funds to create the institution . Carnegie 's vision was to open a vocational training school for the sons and daughters of working-class Pittsburghers ( many of whom worked in his mills ) . Carnegie was inspired for the design of his school by the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn , New York founded by industrialist Charles Pratt in 1887 . In 1912 , the institution changed its name to Carnegie Institute of Technology ( CIT ) and began offering four-year degrees . During this time , CIT consisted of four constituent schools : the School of Fine and Applied Arts , the School of Apprentices and Journeymen , the School of Science and Technology , and the Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women . The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was founded in 1913 by banker and industrialist brothers Andrew Mellon ( who went on to become U.S. Treasury Secretary ) and Richard B. Mellon in honor of their father , Thomas Mellon , patriarch of the Mellon family . The Institute began as a research organization which performed work for government and industry on a contract and was initially established as a department within the University of Pittsburgh . In 1927 , the Mellon Institute incorporated as an independent nonprofit . In 1937 , the Mellon Institute 's iconic building was completed and it moved to its new , and current , location on Fifth Avenue . In 1967 , with support from Paul Mellon , Carnegie Tech merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to become Carnegie Mellon University . Carnegie Mellon 's coordinate women 's college , the Margaret Morrison Carnegie College closed in 1973 and merged its academic programs with the rest of the university .
The University of Pittsburgh ( Pitt ) is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier . It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819 . After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area , the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city ; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908 . Pitt was a private institution until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education . The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus , home to the university 's central administration and 28,391 undergraduate , graduate , and professional students . The university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania : Bradford , Greensburg , Johnstown , and Titusville . The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District , most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece , the Cathedral of Learning . The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ( UPMC ) , as well as the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , Schenley Park , and Carnegie Mellon University . The university has an annual operating budget of approximately $ 2 billion . This includes nearly $ 940 million in research and development expenditures as of 2017 , the 16th-highest in the nation . A member of the Association of American Universities , Pitt is the third-largest recipient of federally sponsored health research funding among U.S. universities in 2018 and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health .
The Red River Valley Research Corridor is the name that has been given to a region in the American state of North Dakota . It roughly comprises the corridor along the Red River of the North . The Research Corridor is anchored by North Dakota State University ( NDSU ) and the University of North Dakota ( UND ) . The corridor was established in 2002 by United States Senator Byron Dorgan in an effort to draw research dollars to the state . Since that year , Dorgan has helped to direct $ 300 million to research in the corridor .
North Dakota ( /- dəˈkoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States . It is the nineteenth largest in area , the fourth smallest by population , and the fourth most sparsely populated of the 50 states . North Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2 , 1889 , along with its neighboring state , South Dakota . Its capital is Bismarck , and its largest city is Fargo . In the 21st century , North Dakota 's natural resources have played a major role in its economic performance , particularly with the oil extraction from the Bakken formation , which lies beneath the northwestern part of the state . Such development has led to population growth and reduced unemployment , resulting in North Dakota having the second lowest unemployment rate in the nation , behind only Hawaii . North Dakota contains the tallest man-made structure in the Western Hemisphere , the KVLY-TV mast .
North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences , more commonly known as North Dakota State University ( NDSU ) , is a public research university located in Fargo , North Dakota . The institution was founded as North Dakota Agricultural College in 1890 as the research land-grant institution for the state of North Dakota . NDSU is a doctoral university and is classified as having very high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation . As of 2018 , NDSU offers 102 undergraduate majors , 170 undergraduate degree programs , 6 undergraduate certificate programs , 79 undergraduate minors , 81 master 's degree programs , 47 doctoral degree programs of study and 10 graduate certificate programs . NDSU is part of the North Dakota University System . It is one of the largest universities in the state of North Dakota . The university also operates North Dakota 's agricultural research extension centers distributed across the state on 18,488 acres ( 75 km² ) . In 2015 , NDSU 's economic impact on the state and region was estimated to be $ 1.3 billion a year according to the NDUS Systemwide Economic Study by the School of Economics at North Dakota State University . In 2016 , it was also the fifth-largest employer in the state of North Dakota .
The University of North Dakota ( also known as UND or North Dakota ) is a public research university in Grand Forks , North Dakota . Established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883 , six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota , it is the state 's oldest university . UND was founded with a liberal arts foundation and expanded to include scientific research . The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota . Its best known college is perhaps its John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences , the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operations , and programs in aviation and aerospace . Several national research institutions are on the university 's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center , the School of Medicine and Health Sciences , and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center . North Dakota 's athletic teams compete in the NCAA 's Division I . Most teams compete as members of the Big Sky Conference , with the exceptions of men 's hockey ( National Collegiate Hockey Conference ) , and swimming ( Western Athletic Conference ) . The men 's ice hockey team has won eight national championships and play in the Ralph Engelstad Arena .
The Research Triangle , commonly referred to as simply The Triangle , is a region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States , anchored by the three major research universities of North Carolina State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , as well as the cities of Raleigh and Durham and the town of Chapel Hill . The nine-county region , officially named the Raleigh-Durham-Cary combined statistical area ( CSA ) , comprises the Raleigh-Cary and Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Statistical Areas and the Henderson Micropolitan Statistical Area . A 2018 Census estimate put the population at 2,238,315 , making it the second largest combined statistical area in the state of North Carolina behind Charlotte CSA , although two counties have since been moved out of the CSA . The Raleigh-Durham television market includes a broader 24-county area which includes Fayetteville , North Carolina , and has a population of 2,726,000 persons . The Triangle name was cemented in the public consciousness in the 1950s with the creation of Research Triangle Park , home to numerous tech companies and enterprises . Although the name is now used to refer to the geographic region , the Triangle originally referred to the universities , whose research facilities , and the educated workforce they provide , have historically served as a major attraction for businesses located in the region . Most of the Triangle is part of North Carolina 's first , second , and fourth congressional districts . The region is sometimes confused with The Triad , which is a North Carolina region adjacent to and directly west of the Triangle comprising Greensboro , Winston-Salem , and High Point , among other cities .
Raleigh ( /ˈrɑːli/ ; RAH-lee ) is the capital of the state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County in the United States . Raleigh is the second-largest city in the state , after Charlotte . Raleigh is known as the City of Oaks for its many oak trees , which line the streets in the heart of the city . The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles ( 370 km2 ) . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population as 469,298 as of July 1 , 2018 . It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the country . The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh , who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County . Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University ( NCSU ) and is part of Research Triangle Park ( RTP ) , together with Durham ( home of Duke University and North Carolina Central University ) and Chapel Hill ( home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ) . The Triangle nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , located in Durham and Wake counties , among the three cities and their universities . The Research Triangle region encompasses the U.S. Census Bureau 's Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , which had an estimated population of 2,037,430 in 2013 . The Raleigh metropolitan statistical area had an estimated population of 1,214,516 in 2013 . Most of Raleigh is located within Wake County , with a very small portion extending into Durham County .
Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role .
Cary /ˈkæri/ is the seventh-largest municipality in North Carolina . Cary is predominantly in Wake County , with a small area in Chatham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is the county 's second-largest municipality , as well as the third-largest municipality in The Triangle of North Carolina after Raleigh and Durham . The town 's population was 135,234 as of the 2010 census ( an increase of 43.1% since 2000 ) , making it the largest town and seventh-largest municipality statewide . As of April 2018 [ update ] , the town 's estimated population was 162,025 , though Cary is still classified a town because that is how it was incorporated with the state . Cary is the second most populous incorporated town ( behind only Gilbert , Arizona ) in the United States . According to the US Census Bureau , Cary was the fifth fastest-growing municipality in the United States between September 1 , 2006 , and September 1 , 2007 . In 2015 Cary had a crime rate of 84 violent crimes per 100,000 residents . Charlotte , the largest city in North Carolina , had a violent crime rate of 648 violent crimes per 100,000 residents , almost eight times higher than Cary . Raleigh , Durham , and Chapel Hill make up the three primary metropolitan areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan region . The regional nickname of The Triangle originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park , primarily located in Durham County , four miles from downtown Durham . RTP is bordered on three sides by the city of Durham and is roughly midway between the cities of Raleigh and Chapel Hill , and the three major research universities of NC State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill . Effective June 6 , 2003 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) redefined the Federal statistical areas .
Chapel Hill is a town in Orange , Chatham , and Durham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Its population was 57,233 in the 2010 census , making Chapel Hill the 15th-largest city in the state . Chapel Hill , Durham , and the state capital , Raleigh , make up the corners of the Research Triangle ( officially the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill combined statistical area ) , with a total population of 1,998,808 . The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street , covering 21.3 square miles ( 55 km2 ) . It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence . Local artists have created many murals .
North Carolina State University ( also referred to as NCSU , NC State , or just State ) is a public research university in Raleigh , North Carolina . It is part of the University of North Carolina system and is a land- , sea- , and space-grant institution . The university forms one of the corners of the Research Triangle together with Duke University in Durham and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The North Carolina General Assembly founded the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts , now NC State , on March 7 , 1887 , as a land-grant college . Today , NC State has an enrollment of more than 35,000 students , making it the largest university in the Carolinas and among the largest in the country . NC State has historical strengths in engineering , statistics , agriculture , life sciences , textiles and design and offers bachelor 's degrees in 106 fields of study . The graduate school offers master 's degrees in 104 fields , doctoral degrees in 61 fields , and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine .
Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture .
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC , UNC-Chapel Hill , North Carolina , Chapel Hill , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Chapel Hill , North Carolina . The flagship of the University of North Carolina system , it is considered a Public Ivy , or a public institution which offers an academic experience equivalent to an Ivy League university . After being chartered in 1789 , the university first began enrolling students in 1795 , which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States . Among the claimants , the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the only one to have held classes and graduated students as a public university in the eighteenth century . The first public institution of higher education in North Carolina , the school opened its doors to students on February 12 , 1795 . Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle , in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House . In 1952 , North Carolina opened its own hospital , UNC Health Care , for research and treatment , and has since specialized in cancer care . The school 's students , alumni , and sports teams are known as Tar Heels . The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study and is administratively divided into 13 separate professional schools and a primary unit , the College of Arts & Sciences . Five of the schools have been named : the UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School , the UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media , the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , and the UNC Adams School of Dentistry . All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status . UNC 's faculty and alumni include 9 Nobel Prize laureates , 23 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 49 Rhodes Scholars .
Salzburg ( German : [ ˈzaltsbʊʁk ] ( listen ) ; [ note 1 ] literally Salt Fortress ) is the capital city of the State of Salzburg and with 154,211 inhabitants the fourth-largest city in Austria . The town is located on the site of the former Roman settlement of Iuvavum . Salzburg was founded as an episcopal see in 696 and became a seat of the archbishop in 798 . Its main sources of income were salt extraction and trade and , at times , gold mining . The fortress of Hohensalzburg , one of the largest medieval fortresses in Europe , dates from the 11th century . In the 17th century , Salzburg became a centre of the Counter-Reformation , where monasteries and numerous Baroque churches were built . Salzburg 's historic centre ( German : Altstadt ) is thus renowned for its Baroque architecture and is one of the best-preserved city centres north of the Alps , with 27 churches . It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996 . The city has three universities and a large population of students . Tourists also visit Salzburg to tour the historic centre and the scenic Alpine surroundings . Salzburg was the birthplace of the 18th-century composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Because of its history , culture , and attractions , Salzburg has been labeled Austria 's most inspiring city .
Silicon Fen ( sometimes known as the Cambridge Cluster ) is the name given to the region around Cambridge , England , which is home to a large cluster of high-tech businesses focusing on software , electronics and biotechnology . Many of these businesses have connections with the University of Cambridge , and the area is now one of the most important technology centres in Europe . It is called Silicon Fen by analogy with Silicon Valley in California , because it lies at the southern tip of the English Fenland . The interest in technology in the area started with Sinclair Research and Acorn Computers .
Silicon Valley is a region in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology , innovation , and social media . It corresponds roughly to the geographical Santa Clara Valley , although its boundaries have increased in recent decades . San Jose is the Valley 's largest city , the third-largest in California , and the tenth-largest in the United States . Other major Silicon Valley cities include Palo Alto , Menlo Park , Redwood City , Cupertino , Santa Clara , Mountain View , and Sunnyvale . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The word silicon in the name originally referred to the large number of innovators and manufacturers in the region specializing in silicon-based MOS transistors and integrated circuit chips . The area is now home to many of the world 's largest high-tech corporations , including the headquarters of more than 30 businesses in the Fortune 1000 , and thousands of startup companies . Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States , which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development . It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit , the microprocessor , and the microcomputer , among other technologies , were developed . As of 2013 , the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers . As more high-tech companies were established across San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley , and then north towards the Bay Area 's two other major cities , San Francisco and Oakland , the term Silicon Valley has come to have two definitions : a geographic one , referring to Santa Clara County , and a metonymical one , referring to all high-tech businesses in the Bay Area . The term is often used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector .
The San Francisco Bay Area , popularly referred to as the Bay Area or simply the Bay , is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco , San Pablo , and Suisun Bay estuaries in Northern California . Although the exact boundaries of the region vary depending on the source , the Bay Area is defined by the Association of Bay Area Governments to include the nine counties that border the aforementioned estuaries : Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , Sonoma , and San Francisco . Other sources may exclude parts of or even entire counties , or expand the definition to include neighboring counties that do not border the bay such as San Benito , San Joaquin , and Santa Cruz . Home to approximately 7.75 million people , Northern California 's nine-county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a complex multimodal transportation network . The larger combined statistical area of the region , which includes fourteen counties , is the second-largest in California ( after the Greater Los Angeles area ) , the fifth-largest in the United States , and the 41st-largest urban area in the world with 9.67 million people . The Bay Area 's population is ethnically diverse : for example , roughly half of the region 's residents are Hispanic , Asian , African American , or Pacific Islander , all of whom have a significant presence throughout the region . The earliest archaeological evidence of human settlements in the Bay Area dates back to 8000-10,000 BC ( from shell mounds in the Coyote Hills ) . In 1769 , the Bay Area was inhabited by the Ohlone people when a Spanish exploration party led by Gaspar de Portolà entered the Bay - the first documented European visit to the Bay Area . After Mexico established independence from Spain in 1821 , the region was briefly controlled by the Mexican government until the United States purchased the territory in 1846 during the Mexican-American War . Soon after , discovery of gold in California attracted a flood of treasure seekers , many using ports in the Bay Area as an entry point . During the early years of California 's statehood , state legislative business rotated between three locations in the Bay Area before a permanent state capital was established in Sacramento . A major earthquake leveled the city of San Francisco and environs in 1906 , but the region quickly rebuilt in time to host the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition .