ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
Current codes -- Reserved code elements
Table:
Code

Area name or country name

Current actual country

ccTLD

Notes

AC
Ascension Island
United Kingdom
.ac
Reserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area

CP
Clipperton Island
France
—
Reserved on request of ITU for location of certain telecommunications installations

DG
Diego Garcia
United Kingdom
—
Reserved on request of ITU for location of certain telecommunications installations

EA
Ceuta, Melilla
Spain
—
Reserved on request of WCO for area not covered by European Union Customs arrangements[29]
Part of Spanish North Africa (Spanish: África Septentrional Española)

EU
European Union
multiple
.eu
Reserved on request of ISO 4217/MA for the European monetary unit Euro
Extended for ISO 6166 "Securities – International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)" in March 1998
Extended for any application needing to represent the name European Union in August 1999

EZ
Eurozone
multiple
—
Reserved on request of ISO 6166/RA for the European OTC derivatives within International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)

FX
France, Metropolitan
France
—
Reserved on request of France
Officially assigned before deleted from ISO 3166-1 (now assigned ISO 3166-3 code FXFR)

IC
Canary Islands
Spain
—
Reserved on request of WCO for area not covered by European Union Customs arrangements.
Code taken from name in Spanish: Islas Canarias

SU
USSR
multiple
.su
From June 2008; Transitionally reserved from September 1992
Officially assigned before deleted from ISO 3166-1 (now assigned ISO 3166-3 code SUHH)
Official name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (common name: Soviet Union)

TA
Tristan da Cunha
United Kingdom
—
Reserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area

UK
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
.uk
Reserved on request of the United Kingdom lest UK be used for any other country
Also used by the European Commission
United Kingdom is officially assigned the alpha-2 code GB

UN
United Nations
multiple
—
Reserved directly by ISO 3166/MA for the United Nations

With reference to the provided table and the supplementary paragraphs listed.

Solve the question: What is the name of an island belonging to the country which exists under current name since 1921 ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island , 7°56 ' south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean . It is about 1,600 kilometres ( 1,000 mi ) from the coast of Africa and 2,250 kilometres ( 1,400 mi ) from the coast of Brazil . It is governed as part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , of which the main island , Saint Helena , is around 1,300 kilometres ( 800 mi ) to the southeast . The territory also includes the sparsely-populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago , some 3,730 kilometres ( 2,300 mi ) to the south , about halfway to the Antarctic Circle . The island is named after the day of its recorded discovery , Ascension Day . It was an important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats . During World War II it was an important naval and air station , especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic . Ascension Island was garrisoned by the British Admiralty from 22 October 1815 to 1922 . The island is the location of RAF Ascension Island , which is a Royal Air Force station , a European Space Agency rocket tracking station , an Anglo-American signals intelligence facility and the BBC World Service Atlantic Relay Station . The island was used extensively as a staging point by the British military during the Falklands War . Ascension Island hosts one of four ground antennas ( others are on Kwajalein Island , Diego Garcia , and Cape Canaveral ) that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) navigational system . NASA operates a Meter Class Autonomous Telescope ( MCAT ) on Ascension Island for tracking orbital debris , which is potentially hazardous to operating spacecraft and astronauts , at a facility called the John Africano NASA/AFRL Orbital Debris Observatory .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
.ac is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , mainly the Ascension Island . It is administered by NIC.AC , a subsidiary of the Internet Computer Bureau based in the United Kingdom . Registration for this domain is open to anyone . The registry accepts registrations of internationalized domain names . .ac is marketed by some domain-brokers as a domain for the city of Aachen in Germany , using the analogy to the automotive license plate designation ( AC ) for the city .
The Universal Postal Union ( UPU , French : Union postale universelle ) , established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874 , is a specialized agency of the United Nations ( UN ) that coordinates postal policies among member nations , in addition to the worldwide postal system . The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress , the Council of Administration ( CA ) , the Postal Operations Council ( POC ) and the International Bureau ( IB ) . It also oversees the Telematics and Express Mail Service ( EMS ) cooperatives . Each member agrees to the same terms for conducting international postal duties . The UPU 's headquarters are located in Bern , Switzerland .
Clipperton Island ( French : Île de Clipperton or Île de la Passion ; Spanish : Isla de la Pasión ) is an uninhabited 6 km2 ( 2.3 sq mi ) coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Central America . It is 10,677 km ( 6,634 mi ) from Paris , France , 5,400 km ( 3,400 mi ) from Papeete , Tahiti , and 1,080 km ( 670 mi ) from Mexico . It is an overseas minor territory of France , under direct authority of the Minister of Overseas France .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
The International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ; French : Union Internationale des Télécommunications or UIT ) , originally the International Telegraph Union ( French : Union Télégraphique Internationale ) , is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies . It is the oldest global international organization . The ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum , promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits , works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world , and assists in the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards . The ITU is also active in the areas of broadband Internet , latest-generation wireless technologies , aeronautical and maritime navigation , radio astronomy , satellite-based meteorology , convergence in fixed-mobile phone , Internet access , data , voice , TV broadcasting , and next-generation networks .
Diego Garcia is an island of the British Indian Ocean Territory , an overseas territory of the United Kingdom . It is a militarised atoll just south of the equator in the central Indian Ocean , and the largest of 60 small islands comprising the Chagos Archipelago . It was first discovered by Europeans and named by the Portuguese , settled by the French in the 1790s and transferred to British rule after the Napoleonic Wars . It was one of the Dependencies of the British Colony of Mauritius until the Chagos Islands were detached for inclusion in the newly created British Indian Ocean Territory ( BIOT ) in 1965 . In 1966 , the population of the island was 924. : par 23 These people were employed as contract farm workers on coconut plantations owned by the Chagos-Agalega company . Although it was common for local plantation managers to allow pensioners and the disabled to remain in the islands and continue to receive housing and rations in exchange for light work , children after the age of 12 were required to work . In 1964 , only 3 of a population of 963 were unemployed . In April 1967 , the BIOT Administration bought out Chagos-Agalega for £600,000 , thus becoming the sole property owner in the BIOT . The Crown immediately leased back the properties to Chagos-Agalega but the company terminated the lease at the end of 1967 . Between 1968 and 1973 , the now unemployed farm workers were forcibly removed from Diego Garcia by the UK Government so a joint US/UK military base could be established on the island . Many were deported to Mauritius and the Seychelles , following which the United States built a large naval and military base , which has been in continuous operation since then . As of August 2018 [ update ] , Diego Garcia is the only inhabited island of the BIOT ; the population is composed of military personnel and supporting contractors .
Ceuta ( UK : /ˈsjuːtə/ , US : /ˈseɪuːtə/ , Spanish : [ ˈθeuta ] ; Berber languages : Sebta ; Arabic : سبتة , romanized : Sabtah ) is a Spanish autonomous city on the north coast of Africa . Bordered by Morocco , it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and is one of nine populated Spanish territories in Africa and , along with Melilla , one of two populated Spanish territories on mainland Africa . It was part of province of Cádiz until 14 March 1995 . On that date Statutes of Autonomy were passed for both Ceuta and Melilla . Ceuta , like Melilla and the Canary Islands , was classified as a free port before Spain joined the European Union . Its population consists of Christians , Muslims and small minorities of Sephardic Jews and ethnic Sindhi Hindus . Spanish is the official language . Darija Arabic is also spoken by the 40-50% of the population who are of Moroccan origin .
Melilla ( US : /məˈliːjə/ mə-LEE-yə , UK : /mɛˈ-/ meh- , Spanish : [ meˈliʎa ] ; Tarifit : Mlilt ) is a Spanish autonomous city located on the northwest coast of Africa , sharing a border with Morocco . It has an area of 12.3 km2 ( 4.7 sq mi ) . Melilla is one of two permanently inhabited Spanish cities in mainland Africa , the other being nearby Ceuta . It was part of the Province of Málaga until 14 March 1995 , when the city 's Statute of Autonomy was passed . Melilla , like Ceuta , was a free port before Spain joined the European Union in 1986 . As of 2011 , Melilla had a population of 78,476 , made up of ethnic Iberian Catholics ( primarily from Andalusia and Catalonia ) , ethnic Riffian Berbers , and a small number of Sephardic Jews and Sindhi Hindus . Spanish and Riffian-Berber are the two most widely spoken languages , the former being the official language . Melilla , like Ceuta , is officially claimed by Morocco .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
The World Customs Organization ( WCO ) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels , Belgium . The WCO is noted for its work in areas covering the development of international conventions , instruments , and tools on topics such as commodity classification , valuation , rules of origin , collection of customs revenue , supply chain security , international trade facilitation , customs enforcement activities , combating counterfeiting in support of Intellectual Property Rights ( IPR ) , drugs enforcement , illegal weapons trading , integrity promotion , and delivering sustainable capacity building to assist with customs reforms and modernization . The WCO maintains the international Harmonized System ( HS ) goods nomenclature , and administers the technical aspects of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) Agreements on Customs Valuation and Rules of Origin .
The European Union Customs Union ( EUCU ) is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union ( EU ) , Monaco , the United Kingdom , and some dependencies of the United Kingdom which were not part of the EU . [ a ] Some detached territories of EU members do not participate in the customs union , usually as a result of their geographic separation . [ b ] In addition to the EUCU , the EU is in customs unions with Andorra , San Marino , and Turkey ( with the exceptions of certain goods ) , [ c ] through separate bilateral agreements . The customs union is a principal component of the European Union , since its establishment in 1958 as the European Economic Community . There are no tariffs or non-tariff barriers to trade between members of the customs union and - unlike a free trade area - members of the customs union impose a common external tariff on all goods entering the union . The European Commission negotiates for and on behalf of the Union as a whole in international trade deals ( such as that with Canada and many others ) , rather than each member state negotiating individually . It also represents the Union in the World Trade Organization and any trade disputes mediated through it . During the Brexit transition period the United Kingdom continues to function as a part of the Customs Union . As of February 2020 [ update ] , the United Kingdom 's relationship with the European Union after the end of the transition period remains to be negotiated .
The plazas de soberanía ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈplaθaz ðe soβeɾaˈni.a ] , literally places of sovereignty ) are the Spanish sovereign territories in North Africa . These are separate pieces of land scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco . The name refers to the fact that these territories have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country ( 1492-1556 ) , and are distinguished from African territories obtained by Spain during the 19th and 20th centuries . Historically , a distinction was made between the so-called major sovereign territories , comprising the cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the minor sovereign territories , referring to a number of smaller exclaves and islands along the coast . In the present , the term refers mainly to the latter .
Spanish ( /ˈspænɪʃ/ ( listen ) ; español ( help·info ) ) , or Castilian ( /kæˈstɪliən/ ( listen ) , castellano ( help·info ) ) , is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula and today has over 483 million native speakers , mainly in Spain and the Americas . It is a global language , the world 's second-most spoken native language , after Mandarin Chinese , and the world 's fourth-most spoken language , after Mandarin Chinese , English and Hindi . Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages , which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century . The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century , and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo , a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile , in the 13th century . Beginning in 1492 , the Spanish language was taken to the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire , most notably to the Americas , as well as territories in Africa , Oceania and the Philippines . A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei , analyzing the degree of difference from a language 's parent ( Latin , in the case of Romance languages ) by comparing phonology , inflection , syntax , vocabulary , and intonation , indicated the following percentages ( the higher the percentage , the greater the distance from Latin ) : In the case of Spanish , it is one of the closest Romance languages to Latin ( 20% distance ) , only behind Sardinian ( 8% distance ) and Italian ( 12% distance ) . Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is derived from Latin , including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek . Spanish vocabulary has been in contact with Arabic from an early date , having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula . With around 8% of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin , this language makes up the second greatest vocabulary source after Latin itself . It has also been influenced by Basque , Iberian , Celtiberian , Visigothic , and by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages . Additionally , it has absorbed vocabulary from other languages , particularly other Romance languages - French , Italian , Andalusi Romance , Portuguese , Galician , Catalan , Occitan , and Sardinian - as well as from Quechua , Nahuatl , and other indigenous languages of the Americas . Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations .
The European Union ( EU ) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe . Its members have a combined area of 4,233,255.3 km2 ( 1,634,469.0 sq mi ) and an estimated total population of about 447 million . The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters , and only those matters , where members have agreed to act as one . EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people , goods , services and capital within the internal market , enact legislation in justice and home affairs and maintain common policies on trade , agriculture , fisheries and regional development . For travel within the Schengen Area , passport controls have been abolished . A monetary union was established in 1999 , coming into full force in 2002 , and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency . The EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993 . The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) and the European Economic Community ( EEC ) , established , respectively , by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome . The original members of what came to be known as the European Communities were the Inner Six : Belgium , France , Italy , Luxembourg , the Netherlands , and West Germany . The Communities and their successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to their remit . The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU , the Treaty of Lisbon , came into force in 2009 . In January 2020 , the United Kingdom became the first member state ever to leave the EU .
.eu is the country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for the European Union ( EU ) . Launched on 7 December 2005 , the domain is available for any person , company or organization based in the European Economic Area ( the EU member states , Iceland , Liechtenstein and Norway ) . The TLD is administered by EURid , a consortium originally consisting of the national ccTLD registry operators of Belgium , Sweden , and Italy , joined later by the national registry operator of the Czech Republic . Trademark owners were able to submit registrations through a sunrise period , in an effort to prevent cybersquatting . Full registration started on 7 April 2006 .
ISO 4217 is a standard first published by International Organization for Standardization in 1978 , which delineates currency designators , country codes ( alpha and numeric ) , and references to minor units in three tables :
The euro ( sign : € ; code : EUR ) is the official currency of 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union . This group of states is known as the eurozone or euro area , and counts about 343 million citizens as of 2019 [ update ] . The euro , which is divided into 100 cents , is the second-largest and second-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar . The currency is also used officially by the institutions of the European Union , by four European microstates that are not EU members , as well as unilaterally by Montenegro and Kosovo . Outside Europe , a number of special territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . Additionally , over 200 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro . The euro is the second-largest reserve currency as well as the second-most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar . As of December 2019 [ update ] , with more than €1.3 trillion in circulation , the euro has one of the highest combined values of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world . The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid . The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999 , replacing the former European Currency Unit ( ECU ) at a ratio of 1:1 ( US $ 1.1743 ) . Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002 , making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members , and by March 2002 it had completely replaced the former currencies . While the euro dropped subsequently to US $ 0.83 within two years ( 26 October 2000 ) , it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002 , peaking at US $ 1.60 on 18 July 2008 .
An International Securities Identification Number ( ISIN ) uniquely identifies a security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166 . The ISIN code is a 12-character alphanumeric code that serves for uniform identification of a security through normalization of the assigned National Number , where one exists , at trading and settlement .
An International Securities Identification Number ( ISIN ) uniquely identifies a security . Its structure is defined in ISO 6166 . The ISIN code is a 12-character alphanumeric code that serves for uniform identification of a security through normalization of the assigned National Number , where one exists , at trading and settlement .
The eurozone , officially called the euro area , is a monetary union of 19 of the 27 European Union ( EU ) member states which have adopted the euro ( € ) as their common currency and sole legal tender . The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem . The other eight members of the European Union continue to use their own national currencies , although most of them are obliged to adopt the euro in the future . The eurozone consists of Austria , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia , and Spain . Other EU states ( except for Denmark ) are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so . No state has left , and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled . Andorra , Monaco , San Marino , and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins . Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally , but these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the European Central Bank ( ECB ) or in the Eurogroup . The ECB , which is governed by a president and a board of the heads of national central banks , sets the monetary policy of the zone . The principal task of the ECB is to keep inflation under control . Though there is no common representation , governance or fiscal policy for the currency union , some co-operation does take place through the Eurogroup , which makes political decisions regarding the eurozone and the euro . The Eurogroup is composed of the finance ministers of eurozone states , but in emergencies , national leaders also form the Eurogroup .
Over-the-counter ( OTC ) or off-exchange trading is done directly between two parties , without the supervision of an exchange . It is contrasted with exchange trading , which occurs via exchanges . A stock exchange has the benefit of facilitating liquidity , providing transparency , and maintaining the current market price . In an OTC trade , the price is not necessarily publicly disclosed . OTC trading , as well as exchange trading , occurs with commodities , financial instruments ( including stocks ) , and derivatives of such products . Products traded on the exchange must be well standardized . This means that exchanged deliverables match a narrow range of quantity , quality , and identity which is defined by the exchange and identical to all transactions of that product . This is necessary for there to be transparency in trading . The OTC market does not have this limitation . They may agree on an unusual quantity , for example . In OTC , market contracts are bilateral ( i.e . the contract is only between two parties ) , and each party could have credit risk concerns with respect to the other party .
Metropolitan France ( French : France métropolitaine or la Métropole ) , also known as European France or Mainland France , is the area of the French Republic which is in Europe . It comprises mainland France and Corsica , as well as other islands in the Atlantic Ocean , the English Channel ( French : la Manche ) and the Mediterranean Sea . Overseas France ( la France d'outre-mer , l'Outre-mer or colloquially les DOM-TOM ) is the collective name for the part of France outside Europe : French overseas regions ( départements et régions d'outre-mer or DROM ) , territories ( territoires d'outre-mer or TOM ) , collectivities ( collectivités d'outre-mer or COM ) and the sui generis collectivity ( collectivité sui generis ) of New Caledonia . Metropolitan and Overseas France together form the French Republic . Metropolitan France accounts for 82.0% of the land territory , 3.3% of the exclusive economic zone ( EEZ ) , and 95.9% of the French Republic 's population . The five overseas regions ( departments ) - French Guiana , Martinique , Guadeloupe , Réunion , and Mayotte - have the same political status as metropolitan France 's regions . Metropolitan France and these five overseas regions together are sometimes called la France entière ( the whole of France ) by the French administration . But this France entière does not include the French overseas collectivities and territories that have more autonomy than do the overseas departments . In Overseas France , a person from metropolitan France is often called a métro , short for métropolitain .
ISO 3166-3 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) , and defines codes for country names which have been deleted from ISO 3166-1 since its first publication in 1974 . The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions - Part 3 : Code for formerly used names of countries . It was first published in 1999 . Each former country name in ISO 3166-3 is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code . The first two letters are the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of the former country , while the last two letters are allocated according to the following rules :
The Canary Islands ( /kəˈnɛəri/ ; Spanish : Islas Canarias , pronounced [ ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas ] ) are a Spanish archipelago and the southernmost autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean , in a region known as Macaronesia , 100 kilometres ( 62 miles ) west of Morocco at the closest point . The Canary Islands , which are also known informally as the Canaries , are among the outermost regions ( OMR ) of the European Union proper . It is also one of eight regions with special consideration of historical nationality as recognized by the Spanish Government . The Canary Islands belong to the African Plate like the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla , the two on the African mainland . The eight main islands are ( from largest to smallest in area ) Tenerife , Fuerteventura , Gran Canaria , Lanzarote , La Palma , La Gomera , El Hierro and La Graciosa . The archipelago includes many smaller islands and islets : Alegranza , Isla de Lobos , Montaña Clara , Roque del Oeste and Roque del Este . It also includes a series of adjacent roques ( those of Salmor , Fasnia , Bonanza , Garachico and Anaga ) . In ancient times , the island chain was often referred to as the Fortunate Isles . The Canary Islands are the most southerly region of Spain and the largest and most populated archipelago of Macaronesia . Historically , the Canary Islands have been considered a bridge between four continents : Africa , North America , South America and Europe . The Canary Islands currently have a population of 2,127,685 inhabitants and a density of 283.08 inhabitants/km² , being the eighth most populous autonomous community . The population of the archipelago is mostly concentrated in the two capital islands , around 43% on the island of Tenerife and 40% on the island of Gran Canaria .
The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas .
.su was assigned as the country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for the Soviet Union ( USSR ) on 19 September 1990 . Even though the Soviet Union itself was dissolved a mere 15 months later , the .su top-level domain remains in use today . It is administered by the Russian Institute for Public Networks ( RIPN , or RosNIIROS in Russian transcription ) .
Tristan da Cunha ( /ˌtrɪstən də ˈkuːn ( j ) ə/ ) , colloquially Tristan , is a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean which includes Gough Island . It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world , lying approximately 1,511 miles ( 2,432 km ) off the coast of Cape Town in South Africa , 1,343 miles ( 2,161 km ) from Saint Helena and 2,166 miles ( 3,486 km ) off the coast of the Falkland Islands . The territory consists of the inhabited island , Tristan da Cunha , which has a diameter of roughly 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) and an area of 98 square kilometres ( 38 sq mi ) , and the wildlife reserves of Gough Island and Inaccessible Island and the smaller , uninhabited Nightingale Islands . As of October 2018 [ update ] , the main island has 250 permanent inhabitants who all carry British Overseas Territories citizenship . The other islands are uninhabited , except for the personnel of a weather station on Gough Island . Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory with its own constitution . There is no airstrip of any kind on the main island , meaning that the only way of travelling in and out of Tristan is by boat , a six-day trip from South Africa .
.uk is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for the United Kingdom . It was first registered in July 1985 , seven months after the original generic top-level domains such as .com and the first country code after .us . As of February 2016 [ update ] , it is the fifth most popular top-level domain worldwide ( after .com , .cn , .de and .net ) , with over 10 million registrations . .uk has used OpenDNSSEC since March 2010 .
The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .
The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security , develop friendly relations among nations , achieve international cooperation , and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations . It is the largest , most familiar , most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world . The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City ; other main offices are in Geneva , Nairobi , Vienna and The Hague . The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars , succeeding the ineffective League of Nations . On 25 April 1945 , 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter , which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945 , when the UN began operations . Pursuant to the Charter , the organization 's objectives include maintaining international peace and security , protecting human rights , delivering humanitarian aid , promoting sustainable development , and upholding international law . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; this number grew to 193 in 2011 , representing the vast majority of the world 's sovereign states . The organization 's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies . Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring , reporting and confidence-building roles . UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s . Since then , 80 former colonies have gained independence , including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council . By the 1970s , the UN 's budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping .
ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) that defines codes for the names of countries , dependent territories , special areas of geographical interest , and their principal subdivisions ( e.g. , provinces or states ) . The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions .