1492 papal conclave
Cardinal electors
Table:
Elector

Nationality[4]

Order and title[5]

Elevated[4]

Elevator

Notes[3][4]

Rodrigo Borja

Kingdom of Valencia

Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina

20 February 1456
created in pectore; published 17 September 1456

Callixtus III

Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, Administrator of Valencia
elected Pope Alexander VI
Cardinal-nephew, House of Borgia

Oliviero Carafa

Neapolitan

Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina

18 September 1467

Paul II

Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals
Crown cardinal of Ferdinand I of Naples

Giuliano della Rovere

Savona

Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri

16 December 1471
created in pectore; published 22 December 1471

Sixtus IV

Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal-nephew, bishop of Bologna, administrator of Avignon
Future Pope Julius II

Giovanni Battista Zeno

Venetian

Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati

21 November 1468

Paul II

Cardinal-nephew

Giovanni Michiel

Venetian

Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina

21 November 1468

Paul II

Cardinal-nephew

Jorge da Costa

Portuguese

Cardinal-Bishop of Albano

16 December 1476

Sixtus IV

Archbishop of Lisbon; Crown cardinal of Afonso V of Portugal

Girolamo Basso della Rovere

Savona

Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono

10 December 1477
created in pectore; published 12 December 1477

Sixtus IV

Cardinal-nephew; bishop of Recanati e Macerata

Domenico della Rovere

Piedmont

Cardinal-Priest of S. Clemente

10 February 1478

Sixtus IV

Cardinal-nephew; archbishop of Turin

Paolo di Campofregoso

Genoese

Cardinal-Priest of S. Sisto

15 May 1480

Sixtus IV

Former ruler of Genoa; archbishop of Genoa

Giovanni Conti

Roman

Cardinal-Priest of S. Vitale

15 November 1483

Sixtus IV

Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati

Milanese

Cardinal-Priest of S. Cecilia

15 November 1483

Sixtus IV

Bishop of Parma

Lorenzo Cibò di Mari

Genoese

Cardinal-Priest of S. Marco

9 March 1489

Innocent VIII

Cardinal-nephew; archbishop of Benevento

Ardicino della Porta

Milanese (Novara)

Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo

9 March 1489

Innocent VIII

Bishop of Aleria

Antoniotto Pallavicini

Genoese

Cardinal-Priest of S. Prassede

9 March 1489

Innocent VIII

Bishop of Orense

Maffeo Gherardo, O.S.B.Cam.

Venetian

Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Nereo e Achilleo

9 March 1489 (created in pectore)

Innocent VIII

Not published before death of Innocent VIII; patriarch of Venice

Francesco Piccolomini

Neapolitan

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Eustachio

5 March 1460

Pius II

Protodeacon, bishop of Siena, future Pope Pius III, Cardinal-nephew

Raffaele Riario

Savona

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Lorenzo in Damaso

12 December 1477

Sixtus IV

Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal-nephew

Giovanni Battista Savelli

Roman

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano

15 May 1480

Sixtus IV

Former Governor of Bologna

Giovanni Colonna

Roman

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro

15 May 1480

Sixtus IV

Giambattista Orsini

Roman

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria Nuova

15 November 1483

Sixtus IV

Leveraging the tabular data along with the supporting evidence listed at the end.

Provide an answer to this question: Who is the elector whose elevator was pope from 9 August 1471 to his death in 1484 ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Pope Alexander VI , born Rodrigo de Borja ( Valencian : Roderic Llançol i de Borja [ roðeˈɾiɡ ʎanˈsɔl i ðe ˈbɔɾdʒa ] , Spanish : Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja [ roˈðɾiɣo lanˈθol i ðe ˈβoɾxa ] ; 1 January 1431 - 18 August 1503 ) , was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503 . Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon , Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna . He was ordained deacon and made a cardinal in 1456 after the election of his uncle as Pope Callistus III , and a year later he became vice-chancellor of the Catholic Church . He proceeded to serve in the Curia under the next four popes , acquiring significant influence and wealth in the process . In 1492 , Rodrigo was elected Pope , taking the name Alexander VI . Alexander 's bulls of 1493 confirmed or reconfirmed the rights of the Spanish crown in the New World following the finds of Christopher Columbus in 1492 . During the second Italian war , Alexander VI supported his son Cesare Borgia as a condottiero for the French King . The scope of his foreign policy was to gain the most advantageous terms for his family . Alexander is considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes , partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses . As a result , his Italianized Valencian surname , Borgia , became a byword for libertinism and nepotism , which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate . On the other hand , two of Alexander 's successors , Sixtus V and Urban VIII , described him as one of the most outstanding popes since Saint Peter .
The Kingdom of Valencia ( Valencian : Regne de València , IPA : [ ˈreŋne ðe vaˈlensia ] ; Spanish : Reino de Valencia ; Latin : Regnum Valentiae ) , located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula , was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon . When the Crown of Aragon merged by dynastic union with the Crown of Castile to form the Kingdom of Spain , the Kingdom of Valencia became a component realm of the Spanish monarchy . The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista . It was dissolved by Philip V of Spain in 1707 , by means of the Nueva Planta decrees , as a result of the Spanish War of Succession . During its existence , the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs ( charters ) of Valencia which granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and , later on , under the Spanish Kingdom . The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish Autonomous Community of Valencia are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia .
The Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina ( Latin : Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae ) is a suburbicarian diocese of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy . It was formed from the union of two dioceses . The diocese of Santa Rufina was also formerly known as Silva Candida . From 1967 , the diocese has had both a titular cardinal bishop , and a resident bishop who handles the diocesan business .
In pectore ( Latin for in the breast/heart ) is a term used in the Catholic Church for an action , decision , or document which is meant to be kept secret . It is most often used when there is a papal appointment to the College of Cardinals without a public announcement of the name of that cardinal . The pope reserves that name to himself . The Italian language version of the phrase - in petto - is sometimes used . When the name of a new cardinal is announced or made public , it is sometimes said to be published . Since the practice arose in the sixteenth century its use has varied greatly . Some popes have used it rarely or not at all , while others have used it regularly . In the first half of the 19th century , Pope Gregory XVI appointed half of his 75 cardinals in pectore and left several unidentified at his death .
Pope Callixtus III ( 31 December 1378 - 6 August 1458 ) , also known as Alfonso de Borgia ( Spanish : Alfons de Borja ) , was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458 . He is the most recent pope to have taken the pontifical name of Callixtus upon his election . A member of the powerful Borgia family , Callixtus III was the uncle of Pope Alexander VI , whom he appointed to the College of Cardinals . Borgia spent his early career as a professor of law at the University of Lleida ; he later served as a diplomat for the Kings of Aragon . He became a tutor for King Alfonso V 's illegitimate son Ferrante . After arranging a reconciliation between Alfonso and Pope Martin , Borgia was made Bishop of Valencia . In 1444 , Pope Eugene IV named him a cardinal , and Borgia became a member of the Roman Curia . Borgia was elected pope in 1455 . During the Siege of Belgrade ( 1456 ) , Callixtus initiated the custom that bells be rung at midday to remind the faithful to pray for the crusaders . The tradition of the noon bell still exists in some congregations . He was also responsible for the retrial of Joan of Arc that saw her vindicated .
The Apostolic Chancery ( Latin : Cancellaria Apostolica ; also known as the Papal or Roman Chanc ( ell ) ery ) was a dicastery of the Roman Curia at the service of the Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church . The principal and presiding official was the Cardinal Chancellor of Holy Roman Church who was always Cardinal-Priest of the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso . The original , principal function of the office was to collect money to maintain the Papal Army . Pope Pius VII reformed the office when Emperor Napoleon I of France obviated the need for Papal armies . In the early 20th century the office collected money for missionary work . Pope Paul VI abrogated the Cancellaria Apostolica on 27 February 1973 . Its obligations were transferred to the Secretariat of State .
The Archdiocese of Valencia ( Latin , Valentina ) is a Catholic ecclesiastical territory located in north-eastern Spain , in the province of Valencia , part of the autonomous community of Valencia . The archdiocese heads the ecclesiastical province of Valencia , with authority over the suffragan dioceses of Ibiza , Majorca , Minorca , Orihuela-Alicante and Segorbe-Castellón . The archbishops are seated in Valencia Cathedral . On 28 August 2014 , Pope Francis appointed Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera as the next archbishop of Valencia .
A cardinal-nephew ( Latin : cardinalis nepos ; Italian : cardinale nipote ; Spanish : valido de su tío ; French : prince de fortune ) was a cardinal elevated by a pope who was that cardinal 's relative . The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages , and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries . The last cardinal-nephew was named in 1689 and the practice was extinguished in 1692 . The word nepotism originally referred specifically to this practice , when it appeared in the English language about 1669 . From the middle of the Avignon Papacy ( 1309-1377 ) until Pope Innocent XII 's anti-nepotism bull ( a papal charter ) , Romanum decet pontificem ( 1692 ) , a pope without a cardinal-nephew was the exception to the rule . Every Renaissance pope who created cardinals appointed a relative to the College of Cardinals , and the nephew was the most common choice , although one of Alexander VI 's creations was his own son . The institution of the cardinal-nephew evolved over seven centuries , tracking developments in the history of the papacy and the styles of individual Popes . From 1566 until 1692 , a cardinal-nephew held the curial office of the Superintendent of the Ecclesiastical State , known as the Cardinal Nephew , and thus the terms are sometimes used interchangeably . The curial office of the Cardinal Nephew as well as the institution of the cardinal-nephew declined as the power of the Cardinal Secretary of State increased and the temporal power of popes decreased in the 17th and 18th centuries . The list of cardinal-nephews includes at least fifteen , and possibly as many as nineteen popes ( Gregory IX , Alexander IV , Adrian V , Gregory XI , Boniface IX , Innocent VII , Eugene IV , Paul II , Alexander VI , Pius III , Julius II , Leo X , Clement VII , Benedict XIII , and Pius VII ; perhaps also John XIX and Benedict IX , if they were really promoted cardinals ; as well as Innocent III and Benedict XII , if in fact they were related to their elevators ) ; one antipope ( John XXIII ) ; and two or three saints ( Charles Borromeo , Guarinus of Palestrina , and perhaps Anselm of Lucca , if he was really a cardinal ) .
The House of Borgia ( /ˈbɔːr ( d ) ʒə/ BOR-zhə , BOR-jə , Italian : [ ˈbɔrdʒa ] ; Spanish and Aragonese : Borja [ ˈboɾxa ] ; Valencian : Borja [ ˈbɔɾdʒa ] ) was an Italo-Spanish noble family , which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance . They were from Aragon , the surname being a toponymic from the town of Borja , then in the Crown of Aragon , in Spain . The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and political affairs in the 15th and 16th centuries , producing two popes : Alfons de Borja , who ruled as Pope Callixtus III during 1455-1458 , and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia , as Pope Alexander VI , during 1492-1503 . Especially during the reign of Alexander VI , they were suspected of many crimes , including adultery , incest , simony , theft , bribery , and murder ( especially murder by arsenic poisoning ) . Because of their grasping for power , they made enemies of the Medici , the Sforza , and the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola , among others . They were also patrons of the arts who contributed to the Renaissance art . The Borgia family stands out in history as being infamously steeped in sin and immorality , yet there is evidence to suggest that this one-dimensional characterization is a result of undeserved contemporary critiques .
Oliviero Carafa ( 10 March 1430 - 20 January 1511 ) , in Latin : Oliverius Carafa , was an Italian cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance . Like the majority of his era 's prelates , he displayed the lavish and conspicuous standard of living that was expected of a prince of the Church . In his career he set an example of conscientiousness for his contemporaries and mentored his relative , Giovanni Pietro Carafa , who was also Cardinal Carafa from 1536 to 1555 , when he became Pope Paul IV .
Naples ( /ˈneɪpəlz/ ; Italian : Napoli [ ˈnaːpoli ] ( listen ) ; Neapolitan : Napule [ ˈnɑːpələ , ˈnɑːpulə ] ; Ancient Greek : Νεάπολις , romanized : Neápolis ) [ a ] is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy after Rome and Milan . In 2017 , around 967,069 people lived within the city 's administrative limits while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,115,320 residents . Its continuously built-up metropolitan area ( that stretches beyond the boundaries of the Metropolitan City of Naples ) is the second or third largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of the most densely populated cities in Europe . First settled by Greeks in the second millennium BC , Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world . In the ninth century BC , a colony known as Parthenope or Παρθενόπη was established on the Island of Megaride , later refounded as Neápolis in the sixth century BC . The city was an important part of Magna Graecia , played a major role in the merging of Greek and Roman society and a significant cultural centre under the Romans . It served as the capital of the Duchy of Naples ( 661-1139 ) , then of the Kingdom of Naples ( 1282-1816 ) and finally of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861 . Naples is also considered a capital of the Baroque since the arrival of Caravaggio in the 17th century , and due to the artistic revolution his arrival occasioned . Between 1925 and 1936 , Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini 's government but subsequently sustained severe damage from Allied bombing during World War II , which led to extensive post-1945 reconstruction work . Naples has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades , helped by the construction of the Centro Direzionale business district and an advanced transportation network , which includes the Alta Velocità high-speed rail link to Rome and Salerno and an expanded subway network . Naples is the third-largest urban economy in Italy , after Milan and Rome . The Port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe and home of the Allied Joint Force Command Naples , the NATO body that oversees North Africa , the Sahel and Middle East .
The Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto ( originally , Sabina ) ( Lat . : Sabinensis-Mandelensis ) a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church ( which means it carries the rare rank of cardinal-bishop ) and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy in the Roman province of the Pope .
Pope Paul II ( Latin : Paulus II ; 23 February 1417 - 26 July 1471 ) , born Pietro Barbo , was Pope from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471 . When his maternal uncle , Gabriele Condulmer , became Pope Eugenius IV , Pietro switched from training to be a merchant to religious studies . His rise in the Church was relatively rapid . Elected pope in 1464 , he amassed a great collection of art and antiquities .
Ferdinand I ( 2 June 1423 - 25 January 1494 ) , also called Ferrante , was King of Naples from 1458 to 1494 . He was an illegitimate son of Alfonso V of Aragon .
Pope Julius II ( Italian : Papa Giulio II ; Latin : Iulius II ) ( 5 December 1443 - 21 February 1513 ) , born Giuliano della Rovere , was head of the Roman Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in 1513 . Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope , he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar . One of the most powerful and influential popes , Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissance and left a significant mark in world history . Julius II became Pope in the context of the Italian Wars , a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula . Louis XII of France controlled the Duchy of Milan , previously held by the Sforza , and French influence had replaced that of the Medici in the Republic of Florence . The Kingdom of Naples was under Spanish rule , and the Borja family from Spain was a major political faction in the Papal States following the reign of Alexander VI . The Archduke of Austria Maximilian I was hostile to France and Venice , and desired to descend in Italy in order to obtain the Papal coronation as Holy Roman Emperor . The conclave capitulation preceding his election included several terms , such as the opening of an ecumenical council and the organization of a crusade against the Ottoman Turks . Once crowned , Julius II proclaimed instead his goal to centralize the Papal States ( in large part a patchwork of communes and signorie ) and free Italy from the barbarians . In his early years as Pope , Julius II removed the Borjas from power and exiled them to Spain . Cesare Borgia , Duke of Romagna , shared the same fate and lost his possessions . In 1506 , Julius II initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter 's Basilica and established the renowned Swiss Guards for his personal protection .
Savona ( Italian : [ saˈvoːna ] ( listen ) ; local Ligurian : Sann-a [ ˈsaŋˑa ] , Genoese : Savonn-a ) is a seaport and comune in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria , capital of the Province of Savona , in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea . Savona used to be one of the chief seats of the Italian iron industry , having iron-works and foundries , shipbuilding , railway workshops , engineering shops , and a brass foundry . One of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus , who farmed land in the area while chronicling his journeys . 'Columbus 's house ' , a cottage situated in the Savona hills , lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees . It is one of several residences in Liguria associated with Columbus .
The Bishop of Ostia is the head of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia , one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome . The position is now attached to the post of Dean of the College of Cardinals , as it has been since 1150 , with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the Vicar General of Rome . Ostia and Velletri , Ostia e Velletri in Italian , was a single suburbicarian diocese from 1105 to 1914 . In 1914 , Velletri ( now Velletri-Segni ) was split off as a separate suburbicarian diocese . Starting then , a new Dean would add the see of Ostia to the suburbicarian see he already had .
Pope Sixtus IV ( 21 July 1414 - 12 August 1484 ) , born Francesco della Rovere , was pope from 9 August 1471 to his death in 1484 . His accomplishments as pope included the construction of the Sistine Chapel and the creation of the Vatican Archives . A patron of the arts , he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city 's new artistic age . Sixtus aided the Spanish Inquisition though he fought to prevent abuses therein , and he annulled the decrees of the Council of Constance . He was noted for his nepotism and was personally involved in the infamous Pazzi conspiracy .
The Dean of the College of Cardinals ( Latin : Decanus Collegii S. R. E. Cardinalium ) is the leader of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church . The position was established in the early 12th century . The Dean presides over the College of Cardinals , serving as primus inter pares in the college . He always holds the rank of cardinal bishop . The Dean of the College of Cardinals is assisted by the Vice-Dean . Both are elected by and from the Cardinal Bishops who are not Eastern Catholic patriarchs and their election is subject to papal confirmation . Except for presiding , the Dean and Vice-Dean have no power over the other cardinals . In the order of precedence in the Catholic Church as the senior Cardinal Bishops , the Dean and Vice-Dean are placed second and third , respectively , after the pope . The Dean is often , but not necessarily , the longest-serving member of the whole College . [ citation needed ] It had been customary for centuries for the longest-serving of the six cardinal bishops of suburbicarian sees to be Dean . This was required by canon law from 1917 until 1965 , when Pope Paul VI empowered the six to elect the Dean from among their number . This election was a formality until the time of Pope John Paul II .
The Archdiocese of Bologna is a metropolitan archbishopric of the Catholic Church in northern Italy . The cathedra is in the cathedral church of San Pietro in Bologna . The current Archbishop is Matteo Zuppi who was installed in 2015 . The archdiocese has the following suffragan dioceses : the Diocese of Imola , the Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana , and the Archdiocese of Ferrara-Comacchio .
Avignon ( UK : /ˈævɪnjɒ̃/ , US : /ˌævɪnˈjoʊn/ , French : [ aviɲɔ̃ ] ( listen ) ; Provençal : Avinhon ( Classical norm ) or Avignoun ( Mistralian norm ) [ aviˈɲun ] ; Latin : Avenio ) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river . Of the 90,194 inhabitants of the city ( as of 2011 [ update ] ) , about 12,000 live in the ancient town centre enclosed by its medieval ramparts . Between 1309 and 1377 , during the Avignon Papacy , seven successive popes resided in Avignon and in 1348 Pope Clement VI bought the town from Joanna I of Naples . Papal control persisted until 1791 when , during the French Revolution , it became part of France . The town is now the capital of the Vaucluse department and one of the few French cities to have preserved its ramparts . The historic centre , which includes the Palais des Papes , the cathedral , and the Pont d'Avignon , became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 . The medieval monuments and the annual Festival d'Avignon have helped to make the town a major centre for tourism .
Giovanni Battista Zeno ( or Zen ) ( died 7 May 1501 ) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church . He was made a cardinal by his uncle , Pope Paul II in November 1468 . The Zeno Chapel in St Mark 's Basilica , Venice , was built as his tomb . While bishop , he was the principal consecrator of Giovanni Paternione , Bishop of Malta ( 1479 ) .
Venice ( /ˈvɛnɪs/ VEN-iss ; Italian : Venezia [ veˈnɛttsja ] ( listen ) ; Venetian : Venesia or Venexia , pronounced [ veˈnɛsja ] ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region . It is situated on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges . The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon , an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers ( more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile ) . In 2018 , 260,897 people resided in the Comune di Venezia , of whom around 55,000 live in the historical city of Venice ( centro storico ) . Together with Padua and Treviso , the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area ( PATREVE ) , which is considered a statistical metropolitan area , with a total population of 2.6 million . The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC . The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for a millennium and more , from 697 to 1797 . It was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance , and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto , as well as an important center of commerce - especially silk , grain , and spice , and of art from the 13th century to the end of the 17th . The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center , emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century . This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history . After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna , the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire , until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866 , following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence . Venice has been known as La Dominante , La Serenissima , Queen of the Adriatic , City of Water , City of Masks , City of Bridges , The Floating City , and City of Canals .
The Diocese of Frascati ( Lat . : Tusculana ) is a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy , based at Frascati , near Rome . The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop ; from the Latin name of the area , the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum . [ A ] Tusculum was destroyed in 1191 . The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati , a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV . Until 1962 , the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see in addition to any curial duties he possessed . Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses , and made the title purely honorific .
Giovanni Michiel ( * 1446 or 1447 , died 1503 ) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop .
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina ( Latin : Diocesis Praenestina ) is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy . The current Bishop of Palestrina is Domenico Sigalini , who from 3 November 2010 until 5 April 2014 was also appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to be the general ecclesiastical assistant of Italian Catholic Action .
Dom Jorge da Costa ( 1406 - 18 September 1508 ) was a Portuguese Cardinal .
Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers .
The Diocese of Albano ( Latin : Albanensis ) is a suburbicarian see of the Roman Catholic Church in a diocese in Italy , comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome . Albano Laziale is situated some 15 kilometers from Rome , on the Appian Way . Under current arrangements it has both a titular bishop and a diocesan bishop .
The Patriarchate of Lisbon ( Latin : Patriarchatus Olisiponensis ) is a Metropolitan Archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church based in Lisbon , national capital of Portugal . Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major , in Lisbon . The Patriarchate also has three Minor Basilicas : the Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs and Basilica of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus in Estrela , both in Lisbon ; the Basilica of Our Lady and St. Anthony in Mafra ; and two World Heritage Site monasteries : the Monastery of the Hieronymites , in Lisbon , and the Monastery of Saint Mary of Alcobaça , in Alcobaça
Afonso V ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ɐˈfõsu ] ) ( 15 January 1432 - 28 August 1481 ) , known by the sobriquet the African ( Portuguese : o Africano ) , was King of Portugal . His sobriquet refers to his conquests in Northern Africa . As of 1471 , Afonso V was the first king of Portugal to claim dominion over a plural Kingdom of the Algarves , instead of the singular Kingdom of the Algarve . Territories added to the Portuguese crown lands in North Africa during the 15th century came to be referred to as possessions of the Kingdom of the Algarve ( now a region of southern Portugal ) , not the Kingdom of Portugal . The Algarves then were considered to be the southern Portuguese territories on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar .
Girolamo Basso della Rovere ( 1434 , Albissola Marina - 1507 ) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church .
San Crisogono is a church in Rome ( rione Trastevere ) dedicated to the martyr Saint Chrysogonus . It was one of the tituli , the first parish churches of Rome , and was probably built in the 4th century under Pope Silvester I ( 314-335 ) , rebuilt in the 12th century by John of Crema , and again by Giovanni Battista Soria , funded by Scipione Borghese , in the early 17th century . The area beneath the sacristy was investigated by Fr . L. Manfredini and Fr . C. Piccolini in 1907 . They found remains of the first church ( see below ) . After they had made this discovery , the area was excavated and studied . The church is served by Trinitarians . Among the previous Cardinal Priests was Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci ( 1853-1878 ) , elected Pope Leo XIII .
Domenico della Rovere ( 1442 - 23 April 1501 ) was an Italian cardinal and patron of the arts .
Piedmont ( /ˈpiːdmɒnt/ PEED-mont ; Italian : Piemonte , pronounced [ pjeˈmonte ] ; Piedmontese , Occitan and Arpitan : Piemont , Piedmontese pronunciation : [ pjeˈmʊŋt ] ) is a region in northwest Italy , one of the 20 regions of the country . It borders the Liguria region to the south , the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest ; it also borders Switzerland to the northeast and France to the west . It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres ( 9,808 sq mi ) and a population of 4,377,941 as of 30 November 2017 . The capital of Piedmont is Turin .
The Basilica of Saint Clement ( Italian : Basilica di San Clemente al Laterano ) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome , Italy . Archaeologically speaking , the structure is a three-tiered complex of buildings : ( 1 ) the present basilica built just before the year 1100 during the height of the Middle Ages ; ( 2 ) beneath the present basilica is a 4th-century basilica that had been converted out of the home of a Roman nobleman , part of which had in the 1st century briefly served as an early church , and the basement of which had in the 2nd century briefly served as a mithraeum ; ( 3 ) the home of the Roman nobleman had been built on the foundations of republican era villa and warehouse that had been destroyed in the Great Fire of 64 AD .
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Turin ( Latin : Archidioecesis Taurinensis ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy . The diocese of Turin was founded in the 4th century , and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 May 1515 , Pope Leo X . As a metropolitan church , it has as suffragans : Acqui , Alba , Aosta , Asti , Cuneo , Fossano , Ivrea , Mondovì , Pinerolo , Saluzzo and Susa . Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist . Since 2010 the Archbishop of Turin has been Cesare Nosiglia .
Paolo di Campofregoso ( 1427 - 22 March 1498 ) was an Italian Catholic archbishop who was three times doge of Genoa .
Genoa ( /ˈdʒɛnoʊə/ JEN-oh-ə ; Italian : Genova [ ˈdʒɛːnova ] ( listen ) ; Ligurian : Zêna [ ˈzeːna ] ; English , historically , and Latin : Genua ) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy . In 2015 , 594,733 people lived within the city 's administrative limits . As of the 2011 Italian census , the Province of Genoa , which in 2015 became the Metropolitan City of Genoa , counted 855,834 resident persons . Over 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera . Located on the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea , Genoa has historically been one of the most important ports on the Mediterranean : it is currently the busiest in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea and twelfth-busiest in the European Union . Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba ( the proud one ) due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks . Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List ( UNESCO ) in 2006 as Genoa : Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli . The city 's rich cultural history in art , music and cuisine allowed it to become the 2004 European Capital of Culture . It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus , Andrea Doria , Niccolò Paganini , Giuseppe Mazzini , Renzo Piano and Grimaldo Canella , founder of the House of Grimaldi , among others . Genoa , which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle of Northwest Italy , is one of the country 's major economic centers . The city has hosted massive shipyards and steelworks since the 19th century , and its solid financial sector dates back to the Middle Ages . The Bank of Saint George , founded in 1407 , is among the oldest in the world and has played an important role in the city 's prosperity since the middle of the 15th century .
The Basilica of San Sisto Vecchio ( in Via Appia ) is one of the over sixty minor basilicas among the churches of Rome , and a titular church since 600 AD . As such , it is connected to the title of a Cardinal priest , the current holder of which is Marian Jaworski of Ukraine .
The Archdiocese of Genoa ( Latin : Archidioecesis Ianuensis ) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy . Erected in the 3rd century , it was elevated to an archdiocese on 20 March 1133 . The archdiocese of Genoa was , in 1986 , united with the diocese of Bobbio-San Colombano , forming the Archdiocese of Genoa-Bobbio ; however a split in 1989 returned it to the Archdiocese of Genoa . Suffragans include the Diocese of Albenga-Imperia , Diocese of Chiavari , Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato , Diocese of Savona-Noli , Diocese of Tortona , and Diocese of Ventimiglia-San Remo .
Giovanni Conti ( 1414-1493 ) ( called Cardinal Conti ) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal .
Rome ( Latin and Italian : Roma [ ˈroːma ] ( listen ) ) is the capital city and a special comune of Italy ( named Comune di Roma Capitale ) . Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region . With 2,879,728 residents in 1,285 km2 ( 496.1 sq mi ) , it is also the country 's most populated comune . It is the third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits . It is the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome , which has a population of 4,355,725 residents , thus making it the second or third most populous metropolitan city in Italy depending on definition . Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula , within Lazio ( Latium ) , along the shores of the Tiber . Vatican City ( the smallest country in the world ) is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome , the only existing example of a country within a city ; for this reason Rome has sometimes been defined as the capital of two states . Rome 's history spans 28 centuries . While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC , the site has been inhabited for much longer , making it one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe . The city 's early population originated from a mix of Latins , Etruscans , and Sabines . Eventually , the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom , the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire , and is regarded by many as the first ever Imperial City and metropolis . It was first called The Eternal City ( Latin : Urbs Aeterna ; Italian : La Città Eterna ) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC , and the expression was also taken up by Ovid , Virgil , and Livy .
The Basilica of Sts . Vitalis , Valeris , Gervase and Protase ( Italian : Basilica di Santi Vitale e Compagni Martiri in Fovea , Latin : Ss . Vitalis , Valeriae , Gervasii et Protasii ) is a titular minor basilica church in Rome . The Roman Catholic church is commonly named Basilica di San Vitale . The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Vitalis is Adam Maida .
Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati ( Schiaffinati ) ( born September 10 , 1451 ; died December 9 , 1497 ) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church . He was bishop of Parma in Italy . He was made cardinal on 15 November 1483 by Pope Sixtus IV . Cardinal Sclafenati died in Rome on 8 December 1497 at the age of 47 , and was buried in S. Agostino .
Milan ( /mɪˈlæn/ , US also /mɪˈlɑːn/ , Italian : Milano [ miˈlaːno ] ( listen ) , Milanese : [ miˈlãː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northern Italy , capital of Lombardy , and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome . Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire , the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia . The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.23 million inhabitants . Its continuously built-up urban area , that stretches well beyond the boundaries of its administrative metropolitan city , is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants . The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area , also known as Greater Milan , is estimated at 8.2 million , making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU . Milan is considered a leading alpha global city , with strengths in the field of the art , commerce , design , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , services , research and tourism . Its business district hosts Italy 's stock exchange ( Italian : Borsa Italiana ) , and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies . In terms of GDP , it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris , and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities . Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the Four Motors for Europe . The city has been recognized as one of the world 's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs , including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair , which are currently among the world 's biggest in terms of revenue , visitors and growth . It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015 . The city hosts numerous cultural institutions , academies and universities , with 11% of the national total enrolled students .
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere is a 5th-century church in Rome , Italy , in the Trastevere rione , devoted to the Roman martyr Saint Cecilia .
The Italian Catholic Diocese of Parma ( Latin : Dioecesis Parmensis ) has properly been called Diocese of Parma-Fontevivo since 1892 . The bishop 's seat is in Parma Cathedral . The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Modena-Nonantola . Originally the diocese of Parma was in the ecclesiastical province of Milan , but it subsequently became a suffragan of the Archbishop of Ravenna . In 1106 , Pope Paschal II removed Parma from the supervision of Ravenna , but in 1119 Pope Gelasius II restored the dioceses of Emilia to the jurisdiction of Ravenna . With the creation of the new archdiocese of Bologna in 1593 , Parma became subject to Bologna . In 1875 , the diocese of Parma became immediately subject to the Holy See ( papacy ) .
Lorenzo Cybo de Mari ( c. 1450/1451 - 21 December 1503 ) was an Italian Catholic cardinal . He was archbishop of Benevento .
San Marco is a minor basilica in Rome dedicated to St. Mark the Evangelist located in the small Piazza di San Marco adjoining Piazza Venezia . It was first built in 336 by Pope Mark , whose remains are in an urn located below the main altar . The basilica is the national church of Venice in Rome .
Pope Innocent VIII ( Latin : Innocentius VIII ; 1432 - 25 July 1492 ) , born Giovanni Battista Cybo ( or Cibo ) , was Pope from 29 August 1484 to his death in 1492 . Born into a prominent Genovese family , he entered the church and was made bishop in 1467 , before being elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV . He was elected Pope in 1484 , as a compromise candidate , after a stormy conclave . Son of the viceroy of Naples , Battista spent his early years at the Neapolitan court . He became a priest in the retinue of Cardinal Calandrini , half-brother to Pope Nicholas V ( 1447-55 ) , Bishop of Savona under Pope Paul II , and with the support of Giuliano Della Rovere , a cardinal . After intense politicking by Della Rovere , Cibo was elected pope in 1484 . King Ferrante of Naples had supported Cybo 's competitor , Rodrigo Borgia . The following year , Pope Innocent supported the barons in their failed revolt . In March 1489 , Cem , the captive brother of Bayezid II , the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire , came into Innocent 's custody . Viewing his brother as a rival , the Sultan paid the pope not to set him free . Any time the Sultan threatened war against the Christian Balkans , Innocent threatened to release this brother , who later died in a military expedition , fighting for King Charles VIII of France against Naples .
Benevento ( UK : /ˌbɛnəˈvɛntoʊ/ , US : /ˌbeɪneɪˈ-/ , Italian : [ beneˈvɛnto ] ( listen ) ; Campanian : Beneviento [ bənəˈvjendə ] ; Latin : Beneventum ) is a city and comune of Campania , Italy , capital of the province of Benevento , 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) northeast of Naples . It is situated on a hill 130 metres ( 427 feet ) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino ( or Beneventano ) and the Sabato . It is also the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop . Around Benevento there is an urban area with 110,000 inhabitants . [ citation needed ] Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum , originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton . The meaning of the name of the town is evidenced by its former Latin name , translating as good or fair wind . In the imperial period it was supposed to have been founded by Diomedes after the Trojan War . Due to its artistic and cultural significance , the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011 , as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy , Places of Power ( 568-774 A.D. ) . A patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew , the Apostle , whose relics are kept there at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta .
Ardicino della Porta the Younger ( It . : Ardicino della Porta , iuniore ) ( 1434-1493 ) ( called the Cardinal of Aléria ) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal .
Novara ( Italian pronunciation : [ noˈvaːra ] ( listen ) ; Nuàra [ nuˈ ( ʋ ) ɑːra ] in the local Lombard dialect ) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy , to the west of Milan . With 104,268 inhabitants ( as of 30 April 2019 ) , it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin . It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland . Novara lies between the rivers Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont , 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) from Milan and 95 kilometres ( 59 mi ) from Turin .
The Basilica of Saints John and Paul on the Caelian Hill ( Italian : Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio ) is an ancient basilica church in Rome , located on the Caelian Hill . The church was built in 398 , by will of the senator Pammachius , over the home of two Roman soldiers , John and Paul , martyred under the emperor Julian in 362 . The church was thus called the Titulus Pammachii and is recorded as such in the acts of the synod held by Pope Symmachus in 499 . The church was damaged during the sack by Alaric I ( 410 ) and because of an earthquake ( 442 ) , restored by Pope Paschal I ( 824 ) , sacked again by the Normans ( 1084 ) , and again restored , with the addition of a monastery and a bell tower . It is home to the Passionists and is the burial place of St. Paul of the Cross . Additionally , it is the station church of the first Friday in Lent .
The Diocese of Aleria ( Latin Dioecesis Aleriensis ) was a Roman Catholic diocese of the Latin rite , in the center of the eastern coast of the island of Corsica in the Department of Haute-Corse . The town of Aleria was subject to repeated raids by Arab fleets in the eighth and ninth centuries , and eventually abandoned , many of its people fleeing to the mainland . The bishop moved to a secure stronghold to the north . From at least the eleventh century , the diocese was a suffragan of the metropolitan archdiocese of Pisa . The diocese was suppressed by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790 , and was not revived after the Concordat of 1801 between the French Consulate and the Papacy . It has been a titular diocese since 2002 .
Antonio Pallavicini Gentili ( Genoa , 1441 - 1507 ) was an Italian Cardinal . He was considered papabile in 1492 . Bishop of Frascati from April until December 1503 ; later bishop of Palestrina . He was bishop of Ventimiglia from 1484 ; then bishop of Ourense in Spain from 1486 . From 1484 to 1489 he was Papal Datary in the Roman Curia , and therefore did not reside in Ventimiglia . There is a well-known portrait by Titian . He was buried in the Old St. Peter 's Basilica but his tomb was transferred to the Montemirabile Chapel in Santa Maria del Popolo in 1596 . Antonio 's nephew was the cardinal Giovanni Battista Pallavicino ( 1480-1524 ) .
The Basilica of Saint Praxedes ( Latin : Basilica Sanctae Praxedis , Italian : Basilica di Santa Prassede allEsquillino ) , commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede , is an ancient titular church and minor basilica located near the papal basilica of Saint Mary Major , on Via di Santa Prassede , 9/a in rione Monti of Rome , Italy . The current Cardinal Priest of Titulus Sancta Praxedis is Paul Poupard .
The Diocese of Ourense ( Latin : Dioecesis Auriensis ) is one of five dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in Galicia , northwestern Spain . The Bishop of Ourense has his cathedra ( Latin , chair ) in the Catedral de la Virgen Madre de los Milagros in Ourense and his jurisdiction covers all the 28 districts and 735 parishes of the Province of Ourense .
Maffeo Gherardi ( 1406-1492 ) ( called the Cardinal of Venice ) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal .
The Benedictines , officially the Order of Saint Benedict ( Latin : Ordo Sancti Benedicti , abbreviated as OSB ) , are a monastic Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that follow the Rule of Saint Benedict . They are also sometimes called the Black Monks , in reference to the colour of the members ' religious habits . Despite being called an order , the Benedictines do not operate under a single hierarchy but are instead organised as a collection of independent monastic communities , with each community ( monastery , priory or abbey ) within the order maintaining its autonomy . Unlike other religious orders , the Benedictines do not have a superior general or motherhouse with universal jurisdiction . Instead , the order is represented internationally by the Benedictine Confederation , an organization that was set up in 1893 to represent the order 's shared interests .
The Camaldolese ( Latin : Ordo Camaldulensium ) monks and nuns are two different , but related , monastic communities that trace their lineage to the monastic movement begun by Saint Romuald . Their name is derived from the Holy Hermitage ( Italian : Sacro Eremo ) of Camaldoli , high in the mountains of central Italy , near the city of Arezzo .
Santi Nereo e Achilleo is a fourth-century basilica church in Rome , Italy , located in via delle Terme di Caracalla in the rione Celio facing the main entrance to the Baths of Caracalla . The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus Ss . Nerei et Achillei was Theodore Edgar McCarrick until his resignation from the cardinalate on 28 July 2018 .
The Patriarch of Venice ( Latin : Patriarcha Venetiarum , Italian : Patriarca di Venezia ) is the ordinary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Venice . The bishop is one of the few patriarchs in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church ( currently three other Latin bishops are accorded the title of Patriarch : Lisbon , the East Indies and Jerusalem ) . Presently , the only advantage of this purely formal title is the bishop 's place of honor in papal processions . In the case of Venice , an additional privilege allows the patriarch , even if he is not a cardinal , the use of the colour red in non-liturgical vestments . In that case , the red biretta is topped by a tuft , as is the custom with other bishops who are not cardinals . The diocese of Venice was created in 774 as suffragan of the Patriarchate of Grado . It was only in 1451 that , in consideration of the political influence of the city , its bishops were accorded the title of patriarch by the pope . By a relatively recent tradition , the Patriarch of Venice is created a cardinal at the consistory following his appointment , although the pope is not bound by law to do so and is yet to do so for current Patriarch Francesco Moraglia , who remains an archbishop . In the last centuries of the Republic of Venice ( to 1797 ) , exceptionally among Catholic bishops , the patriarch was elected by the Venetian Senate , who always chose a member of one of the hereditary patrician families of the city , and usually a layman who was only ordained to take up the patriarchate . The papacy obliged them to pass an examination in theology , though many evaded this . Usually the new patriarch was a Venetian diplomat or administrator , as with Lorenzo Priuli in 1591 or Francesco Vendramin in 1608 , though some were career clerics , who had usually been previously in positions in Rome , like Federico Cornaro in 1631 . The patriarchs normally remained in Venice , and in this period none were elected pope .
Pope Pius III ( 9 May 1439 - 18 October 1503 ) , born Francesco Todeschini , was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 September 1503 to his death . He had one of the shortest pontificates in papal history . Francesco was the nephew of Pope Pius II , who granted him the use of the family name Piccolomini , and appointed the twenty-one-year old Francesco as Archbishop of Siena . He served as papal legate in a number of places . In 1503 , the frail , now Cardinal Piccolomini was elected pope as a compromise candidate between the Borgia and della Rovere factions . Although he announced plans for reforms , he died less than a month later .
Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome , named for the martyr Saint Eustace . It is located on Via di Sant'Eustachio in the rione Sant'Eustachio , a block west of the Pantheon and via della Rotonda , and a block east of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza and the Via della Dogana Vecchia .
Pope Pius II ( Latin : Pius PP . II , Italian : Pio II ) , born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini ( Latin : Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus ; 18 October 1405 - 14 August 1464 ) was Pope from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464 . He was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but impoverished family . His longest and most enduring work is the story of his life , the Commentaries , which is the only revealed autobiography ever to have been written by a reigning pope .
Protodeacon derives from the Greek proto- meaning 'first ' and diakonos , which is a standard ancient Greek word meaning assistant , servant , or waiting-man . The word in English may refer to any of various clergy , depending upon the usage of the particular church in question .
The Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino ( Latin : Archidioecesis Senensis-Collensis-Ilcinensis ) is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in Tuscany . The seat of the archbishop is the Cathedral of the Assumption in Siena . Until 1459 , the diocese was immediately subject to tht Holy See ( Papacy ) , and its bishops attended the Roman synods . In 1459 , Pope Pius II made Siena a metropolitan archbishopric .
Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario ( 3 May 1461 - 9 July 1521 ) was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance , mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the person who invited Michelangelo to Rome . He was a patron of the arts . He was also the first adolescent to be elevated in the College of Cardinals in the history of the Holy See .
The Minor Basilica of St. Lawrence in Damaso ( Basilica Minore di San Lorenzo in Damaso ) or simply San Lorenzo in Damaso is a parish and titular church in central Rome , Italy that is dedicated to St. Lawrence , deacon and martyr . It is incorporated into the Palazzo della Cancelleria , which enjoys the extraterritoriality of the Holy See .
The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church is an office of the papal household that administers the property and revenues of the Holy See . Formerly , his responsibilities included the fiscal administration of the Patrimony of Saint Peter . As regulated in the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus of 1988 , the camerlengo is always a cardinal , though this was not the case prior to the 15th century . His heraldic arms are ornamented with two keys - one gold , one silver - in saltire , surmounted by an ombrellino , a canopy or umbrella of alternating red and yellow stripes . These also form part of the coat of arms of the Holy See during a papal interregnum ( sede vacante ) . The camerlengo has been Kevin Farrell since his appointment by Pope Francis on 14 February 2019 . The vice camerlengo has been Archbishop Giampiero Gloder since 20 December 2014 .
Giovanni Battista Savelli ( 1422 , Rome - September 18 , 1498 , Castel Gandolfo ) was an Italian cardinal from the 15th century . Of the noble Savelli family to which belonged Pope Honorius III ( 1216-1227 ) and Pope Honorius IV ( 1285-1287 ) and Cardinals : Bertrando Savelli , Silvio Savelli , Giulio Savelli , Fabrizio Savelli , Paolo Savelli and Domenico Savelli . He was called the Cardinal Savelli .
San Nicola in Carcere ( Italian , St Nicholas in prison ) is a titular church in Rome near the Forum Boarium in rione Sant'Angelo . It is one of the traditional stational churches of Lent .
Bologna ( /bəˈloʊnjə/ , UK also /bəˈlɒnjə/ , Italian : [ boˈloɲɲa ] ( listen ) ; Bolognese : Bulåggna [ buˈlʌɲːa ] ; Latin : Bononia ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy . It is the seventh most populous city in Italy , at the heart of a metropolitan area of about one million people . Of Etruscan origin , the city has been a major urban centre for centuries , first under the Etruscans , then under the Romans ( Bononia ) , then again in the Middle Ages , as a free municipality and signoria , when it was among the largest European cities by population . Famous for its towers , churches and lengthy porticoes , Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre , thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s . Home to the oldest university in the world , the University of Bologna , established in AD 1088 , the city has a large student population that gives it a cosmopolitan character . In 2000 it was declared European capital of culture and in 2006 , a UNESCO City of Music and became part of the Creative Cities Network . Bologna is an important agricultural , industrial , financial and transport hub , where many large mechanical , electronic and food companies have their headquarters as well as one of the largest permanent trade fairs in Europe . According to the most recent data gathered by the European Regional Economic Growth Index ( E-REGI ) of 2009 , Bologna is the first Italian city and the 47th European city in terms of its economic growth rate . As a consequence , Bologna is also one of the wealthiest cities in Italy , often ranking as one of the top cities in terms of quality of life in the country : in 2011 it ranked 1st out of 107 Italian cities .
Giovanni Colonna ( 1456 - 26 September 1508 ) was a Roman Catholic cardinal of the High Renaissance period , a member of the famous Colonna family .
Santa Maria in Aquiro is a church in Rome , Italy . It is dedicated to Mary , mother of Jesus , and is located on Piazza Capranica . The church is ancient - it was restored by Pope Gregory III in the 8th century , and thus must have existed before then . One theory is that it was the titulus Equitii , though San Martino ai Monti is a more likely candidate . It is also referred to as Santa Maria della Visitazione , notably by Pope Urban VI in 1389 . The origins of the name are nebulous ; most attribute it to a corruption of the term a Cyro , perhaps referring in early days to a neighborhood resident . According to another theory Acyro refers to a corruption of the Latin word circus , a stadium for horse racing , which was located in the vicinity . In 1540 Pope Paul III granted the church to the Confraternity of Orphans , and it was restored in 1588 .
Giambattista Orsini ( died February 22 , 1503 ) ( also called Giovanni Battista Orsini or Jean-Baptiste des Ursins ) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal . He served as papal legate to the Marches of Ancona .
Santa Francesca Romana ( Italian : Basilica di Santa Francesca Romana ) , previously known as Santa Maria Nova , is a Roman Catholic church situated next to the Roman Forum in the rione Campitelli in Rome , Italy ,