List of Princeton University people (United States Congress, Supreme Court, Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention)
Continental Congress
Table:
Name

Affiliation

State

Service

Notes

Refs

John Armstrong, Jr.

Att

Pennsylvania

1787–88

USSen from New York, 1800–02, 1803–04. Minister to France, 1804-10. Minister to Spain, 1806. Secretary of War, 1813-14.

[9]

John Beatty

B 1769, T 1787–1802

New Jersey

1784–85

USRep, 1793–95.

[117]

Gunning Bedford

B 1771

Delaware

1783–85

[315]

Elias Boudinot

T 1772–1821

New Jersey

1778, 1781–83

President of the Continental Congress, 1782–83. Director of the U.S. Mint, 1795–1805.

[316]

William Burnet

B 1749

New Jersey

1780–81

[317]

Jonathan Dayton

B 1776

New Jersey

1787–88

USRep, 1791–99; Speaker, 1795–99. USSen, 1799–1805.

[33]

Pierpont Edwards

B 1768

Connecticut

1788

[318]

Oliver Ellsworth

B 1766

Connecticut

1778–83

USSen, 1789–96. Chief Justice of the United States, 1796–1800. Minister to France, 1799-1800.

[1]

Jonathan Elmer

T 1782–95

New Jersey

1777–78, 1781–83, 1787–88

USSen, 1789–91

[38]

Frederick Frelinghuysen

B 1770

New Jersey

1779

USSen, 1793–96

[41]

John Habersham

Att

Georgia

1785

[319]

Joseph Habersham

Att

Georgia

1785

U.S. Postmaster General, 1795–1801.

[320]

Benjamin Hawkins

Att

North Carolina

1781–83, 1787

USSen, 1789–91, 1791–95.

[54]

John Henry

B 1769

Maryland

1778–80, 1785–86

USSen, 1789–97. Gov, 1797–98.

[55]

Joseph Hewes*

Att

North Carolina

1774–76

[321]

William Houston

B 1768, F 1769–83

New Jersey

1775–76, 1779–81, 1784–85

[322][323]

David Howell

B 1766

Rhode Island

1782–85

[324]

Richard Hutson

B 1765

South Carolina

1778–79

[325]

Henry "Lighthorse Harry" Lee III

B 1773, AM 1776

Virginia

1786–88

Gov, 1792–95. Revolutionary War cavalry officer.

[326]

Samuel Livermore

B 1752

New Hampshire

1780–82, 1785–86

USSen, 1793–1801; President pro tempore, 1796, 1799.

[21][65]

Based on the tabular data and the context paragraphs listed.

Provide an answer to this question: Who appointed this New Jersey delegate to the office of President of the the United States Mint ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

John Armstrong Jr. ( November 25 , 1758 - April 1 , 1843 ) was an American soldier and statesman who was a delegate to the Continental Congress , U.S . Senator from New York , and Secretary of War .
Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia .
New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography .
The United States Ambassador to France is the official representative of the President of the United States to the President of France . The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with France since the American Revolution . Relations were upgraded to the higher rank of Ambassador in 1893 . The diplomatic relationship has continued through France 's five republics , two empires , and three monarchies . Since 2006 the ambassador to France has also served as the ambassador to Monaco .
This is a list of United States ambassadors to Spain from 1779 to the present day .
The secretary of war was a member of the United States president 's Cabinet , beginning with George Washington 's administration . A similar position , called either Secretary at War or Secretary of War , had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789 . Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position . When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution , he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War . The secretary of war was the head of the War Department . At first , he was responsible for all military affairs , including naval affairs . In 1798 , the secretary of the Navy was created by statute , and the scope of responsibility for this office was reduced to the affairs of the United States Army . From 1886 onward , the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president of the United States , the speaker of the House of Representatives , the president pro tem of the Senate and the secretary of state . In 1947 , with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 , the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force , which , along with the secretary of the Navy , have since 1949 been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense . The secretary of the Army 's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war 's office although the secretary of defense took the secretary of war 's position in the Cabinet , and the line of succession to the presidency .
John Beatty ( December 10 , 1749 - May 30 , 1826 ) was an American physician and statesman from Princeton , New Jersey .
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 .
Gunning Bedford Jr. ( 1747 - March 30 , 1812 ) was a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation ( Continental Congress ) , Attorney General of Delaware , a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 which drafted the United States Constitution , a signer of the United States Constitution and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware .
Delaware ( /ˈdɛləwɛər/ ( listen ) ) is one of the 50 states of the United States , in the Mid Atlantic region . [ a ] It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland , north by Pennsylvania , and east by New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean . The state takes its name from Thomas West , 3rd Baron De La Warr , an English nobleman and Virginia 's first colonial governor . Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and some islands and territory within the Delaware River . It is the second smallest and sixth least populous state , but the sixth most densely populated . Delaware 's largest city is Wilmington . The state is divided into three counties , the lowest number of any state . From north to south , they are New Castle County , Kent County , and Sussex County . While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural , New Castle County is more urbanized . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south . It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael , near the present town of Lewes , in 1631 . Delaware was one of the 13 colonies participating in the American Revolution .
Elias Boudinot ( /ɪˈlaɪ.əs buːˈdɪnɒt/ i-LY-əs boo-DIN-ot ; May 2 , 1740 - October 24 , 1821 ) was a lawyer and statesman from Elizabeth , New Jersey who was a delegate to the Continental Congress ( more accurately referred to as the Congress of the Confederation ) and served as President of Congress from 1782 to 1783 . He was elected as a U.S . Congressman for New Jersey following the American Revolutionary War . He was appointed by President George Washington as Director of the United States Mint , serving from 1795 until 1805 .
The President of the Continental Congress , later known as the President of the Congress of Confederation , was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress , the convention of delegates that emerged as the first ( transitional ) national government of the United States during the American Revolution . The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as a neutral discussion moderator during meetings of Congress . Designed to be a largely ceremonial position without much influence , the office was unrelated to the later office of President of the United States . Upon the ratification of the Articles of Confederation ( the new nation 's first constitution ) in March 1781 , the Continental Congress became the Congress of the Confederation . The membership of the Second Continental Congress carried over without interruption to the First Congress of the Confederation , as did the office of president . Fourteen men served as president of Congress between September 1774 and November 1788 . They came from 9 of the original 13 states : Virginia ( 3 ) , Massachusetts ( 2 ) , Pennsylvania ( 2 ) , South Carolina ( 2 ) , Connecticut ( 1 ) , Delaware ( 1 ) , Maryland ( 1 ) , New Jersey ( 1 ) , and New York ( 1 ) . The median age at the time of election was 47 .
The United States Mint is a unit of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce , as well as controlling the movement of bullion . It does not produce paper money ; that responsibility belongs to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing . The Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792 , and soon joined by other centers , whose coins were identified by their own mint marks . There are currently four active coin-producing mints : Philadelphia , Denver , San Francisco , and West Point .
William Burnet ( December 13 , 1730 - October 7 , 1791 ) was an American political leader and physician from New Jersey . He served in the Continental Army and the Continental Congress .
Jonathan Dayton ( October 16 , 1760 - October 9 , 1824 ) was an American politician from the U.S. state of New Jersey . He was the youngest person to sign the United States Constitution and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives , serving as its third Speaker , and later in the U.S. Senate . Dayton was arrested in 1807 for treason in connection with Aaron Burr 's conspiracy . He was never tried , but his national political career never recovered .
Pierpont Edwards ( April 8 , 1750 - April 5 , 1826 ) was a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation and was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut .
Connecticut ( /kəˈnɛtɪkət/ ( listen ) ) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . As of the 2010 Census , it has the highest per-capita income , Human Development Index ( 0.962 ) , and median household income in the United States . It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east , Massachusetts to the north , New York to the west , and Long Island Sound to the south . Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport . It is part of New England , although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the tri-state area . The state is named for the Connecticut River which approximately bisects the state . The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river . Connecticut 's first European settlers were Dutchmen who established a small , short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers . Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland , which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers , although the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English . Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony ; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony . The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders , considered the first constitutions in America . In 1662 , the three colonies were merged under a royal charter , making Connecticut a crown colony .
Oliver Ellsworth ( April 29 , 1745 - November 26 , 1807 ) was an American lawyer , judge , politician , and diplomat . He was a framer of the United States Constitution , a United States Senator from Connecticut , and the third Chief Justice of the United States . Additionally , Ellsworth received 11 electoral votes in the 1796 presidential election . Born in Windsor , Connecticut , Ellsworth attended the College of New Jersey where he helped found the American Whig-Cliosophic Society . In 1777 , he became the state attorney for Hartford County , Connecticut and was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress , serving during the American Revolutionary War . He served as a state judge during the 1780s and was selected as a delegate to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention , which produced the United States Constitution . While at the convention , Ellsworth played a role in fashioning the Connecticut Compromise between the more populous states and the less populous states . He also served on the Committee of Detail , which prepared the first draft of the Constitution , but he left the convention before signing the document . His influence helped ensure that Connecticut ratified the Constitution , and he was elected as one of Connecticut 's inaugural pair of Senators , serving from 1789 to 1796 . He was the chief author of the Judiciary Act of 1789 , which shaped the federal judiciary of the United States and established the Supreme Court 's power to overturn state supreme court decisions that were contrary to the United States Constitution . Ellsworth served as a key Senate ally to Alexander Hamilton and aligned with the Federalist Party . He led the Senate passage of Hamiltonian proposals such as the Funding Act of 1790 and the Bank Bill of 1791 .
The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary . Article II , Section 2 , Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate , and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate , appoint a chief justice , who serves until they resign , retire , are impeached and convicted , or die . The chief justice has significant influence in the selection of cases for review , presides when oral arguments are held , and leads the discussion of cases among the justices . Additionally , when the Court renders an opinion , the chief justice , if in the majority , chooses who writes the Court 's opinion . When deciding a case , however , the chief justice 's vote counts no more than that of any associate justice . Article I , Section 3 , Clause 6 of the Constitution designates the chief justice to preside during presidential impeachment trials in the Senate ; this has occurred three times . Also , while nowhere mandated , the presidential oath of office is by tradition typically administered by the chief justice . Additionally , the chief justice serves as a spokesperson for the federal government 's judicial branch and acts as a chief administrative officer for the federal courts . The chief justice presides over the Judicial Conference and , in that capacity , appoints the director and deputy director of the Administrative Office . The chief justice is also an ex officio member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and , by custom , is elected chancellor of the board . Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789 , 17 people have served as chief justice , beginning with John Jay ( 1789-1795 ) . The current chief justice is John Roberts ( since 2005 ) .
The United States Ambassador to France is the official representative of the President of the United States to the President of France . The United States has maintained diplomatic relations with France since the American Revolution . Relations were upgraded to the higher rank of Ambassador in 1893 . The diplomatic relationship has continued through France 's five republics , two empires , and three monarchies . Since 2006 the ambassador to France has also served as the ambassador to Monaco .
Jonathan Elmer ( November 29 , 1745 - September 3 , 1817 ) was an American politician , of the Pro-Administration ( Federalist ) Party .
Frederick Frelinghuysen ( April 13 , 1753 - April 13 , 1804 ) was an American lawyer , soldier , and senator from New Jersey . A graduate of the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) , Frederick went on to become an officer during the American Revolutionary War . In addition , he served as a delegate to the Continental Congress . He was a United States Senator from New Jersey from 1793 until 1796 , and served as the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey in 1801 .
John Habersham ( December 23 , 1754 - December 17 , 1799 ) was an American merchant , planter , and soldier from Georgia . He was the son of loyalist official James Habersham and the younger brother of patriot leader Joseph Habersham . He served as an officer in the 1st Georgia Regiment during the American Revolutionary War . He was a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation in 1785 . Upon his death in 1799 , he was buried in Savannah 's Colonial Park Cemetery .
Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 .
Joseph Habersham ( July 28 , 1751 - November 17 , 1815 ) was an American businessman , Georgia politician , soldier in the Continental Army , and Postmaster General of the United States .
The postmaster general of the United States is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service . Megan Brennan is the current postmaster general , having delayed her original January 31 , 2020 retirement . Appointed members of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service select the postmaster general and deputy postmaster general , who then join the board .
Benjamin Hawkins ( August 15 , 1754 - June 6 , 1816 ) was an American planter , statesman , and U.S. Indian agent . He was a delegate to the Continental Congress and a United States Senator from North Carolina , having grown up among the planter elite . Appointed by George Washington as General Superintendent for Indian Affairs ( 1796-1818 ) , he had responsibility for the Native American tribes south of the Ohio River , and was principal Indian agent to the Creek Indians . Hawkins established the Creek Agency and his plantation near present-day Roberta , Georgia , in what became Crawford County . He learned the Muscogee language , and had a Creek woman , Lavinia Downs , as common-law wife , who , in the Creek 's matrilineal society , provided an entry into that world . He had seven children with her , although he resisted Creek pressure to marry her:9 until near the end of his life . He wrote extensively about the Creek and other Southeast tribes : the Choctaw , Cherokee and Chickasaw . He eventually built a large complex using African slave labor , including mills , and raised a considerable quantity of livestock in cattle and hogs .
North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks .
John Henry ( November 1750 - December 16 , 1798 ) was the eighth Governor of Maryland and member of the United States Senate . He was born at his family 's estate ( Weston ) , located near Vienna in Dorchester County .
Maryland ( US : /ˈmɛrələnd/ ( listen ) MERR-ə-lənd ) [ a ] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States , bordering Virginia , West Virginia , and the District of Columbia to its south and west ; Pennsylvania to its north ; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east . The state 's largest city is Baltimore , and its capital is Annapolis . Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State , the Free State , and the Chesapeake Bay State . It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria , known in England as Queen Mary , who was the wife of King Charles I. Sixteen of Maryland 's twenty-three counties , as well as the city of Baltimore , border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries , which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline . Although one of the smallest states in the U.S. , it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature . In a similar vein , Maryland 's geography , culture , and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic , Northeastern , and South Atlantic regions of the country . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , mostly by the Algonquin , and to a lesser degree by the Iroquois and Sioux . As one of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain , Maryland was founded by George Calvert , a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England . In 1632 , Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter , naming the colony after his wife , Queen Mary ( Henrietta Maria of France ) . Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans , who rejected Catholicism in their settlements , Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration . Accordingly , in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion , which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation . Nevertheless , religious strife was common in the early years , and Catholics remained a minority , albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony .
Joseph Hewes ( July 9 , 1730 - November 10 , 1779 ) was a native of Princeton , New Jersey , where he was born in 1730 . Hewess parents were members of the Society of Friends , commonly known as Quakers . On his mother 's side , Joseph Hewes was a 3rd generation resident of New Jersey . He was the 4th generation of the Hewes family to live in New Jersey . Hewes attended Princeton but there is no evidence that he actually graduated . What is known is that he became an apprentice of a merchant and in fact became a very successful merchant . After finishing his apprenticeship he earned himself a good name and a strong reputation , which would serve him well in becoming one of the most famous signers of the Declaration of Independence for North Carolina , along with William Hooper and John Penn . Hewes moved to Edenton , North Carolina at the age of 30 and won over the people of the colony with his charm and honorable businesslike character . Hewes was elected to the North Carolina legislature in 1763 , only three years after he moved to the colony . After being re-elected numerous times in the legislature , Hewes was now focused on a new and more ambitious job as a continental congressman .
William Churchill Houston ( c. 1746 - August 12 , 1788 ) was an American teacher , lawyer and statesman . He was a delegate to both the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention for New Jersey . Houston was elected in 1785 to the American Philosophical Society .
David Howell ( January 1 , 1747 - July 30 , 1824 ) was a Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation from Rhode Island , an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island , Attorney General of Rhode Island and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island .
Rhode Island ( /ˌroʊd -/ ( listen ) , like road ) , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the United States . It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh least populous , but it is also the second most densely populated . Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound . It also shares a small maritime border with New York . Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island . On May 4 , 1776 , the Colony of Rhode Island was the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown , and it was the fourth among the newly independent states to ratify the Articles of Confederation on February 9 , 1778 . The state boycotted the 1787 convention which drew up the United States Constitution and initially refused to ratify it ; it was the last of the original 13 states to do so on May 29 , 1790 . Rhode Island 's official nickname is The Ocean State , a reference to the large bays and inlets that amount to about 14 percent of its total area .
Richard Hutson ( 1747 - April 12 , 1795 ) was an American lawyer , judge , and politician from Charleston , South Carolina . He represented South Carolina as a delegate to the Continental Congress , where he signed the Articles of Confederation . After the British captured Charleston in 1780 , he was held as a prisoner at St. Augustine , Florida for a time . After he returned home , he served as the eighth Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina under Governor John Mathews in 1782 and 1783 . On September 11 , 1783 , Hutson was elected the first intendant ( mayor ) of Charleston , South Carolina . He was re-elected on September 13 , 1784 , by a vote of 387 ( Hutson ) to 127 ( Alexander Gillon ) . Born in Beaufort County to Rev . William Hutson and Mary ( Woodward ) Hutson , he moved to Charleston with his family in 1756 . The Pennsylvania Gazette of October 10 , 1765 lists him as a member of the graduating class of 1765 at Princeton University ( then known as The College of New Jersey ) . He is buried in a vault at the Independent Congregational ( Circular ) Churchyard in Charleston .
South Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South . It is bordered to the north by North Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River . South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20 , 1860 . After the American Civil War , it was readmitted into the United States on June 25 , 1868 . South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state . Its GDP as of 2013 was $ 183.6 billion , with an annual growth rate of 3.13% . South Carolina is composed of 46 counties . The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,451 in 2018 ; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2018 population of 136,208 . The Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state , with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626 . South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England , who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles .
Major-General Henry Light-Horse Harry Lee III ( January 29 , 1756 - March 25 , 1818 ) was an early American Patriot and politician . He served as the ninth Governor of Virginia and as the Virginia Representative to the United States Congress . Lee 's service during the American Revolution as a cavalry officer in the Continental Army earned him the nickname by which he is best known , Light-Horse Harry . [ note 1 ] He was the father of Robert E. Lee , commander of the Confederate armies in the American Civil War .
Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World .
Samuel Livermore ( May 14 , 1732 - May 18 , 1803 ) was a U.S. politician . He was a U.S . Senator from New Hampshire from 1793 to 1801 and served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1796 and again in 1799 .
New Hampshire ( /ˈhæmpʃər/ ) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south , Vermont to the west , Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north . New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by area and the 10th least populous U.S. state . Concord is the state capital , while Manchester is the largest city . New Hampshire has no general sales tax , nor income tax other than on interest and dividends . The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle . Its license plates carry the state motto , Live Free or Die . The state 's nickname , The Granite State , refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries . In January 1776 , it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain 's authority , and it was the first to establish its own state constitution . Six months later , it became one of the original 13 colonies that signed the United States Declaration of Independence , and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution , bringing that document into effect . Historically , New Hampshire was a major center for textile manufacturing , shoemaking , and papermaking , with Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester at one time being the largest cotton textile plant in the world . Numerous mills were located along various rivers in the state , especially the Merrimack and Connecticut rivers .
The president pro tempore of the United States Senate ( often shortened to president pro tem ) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate . Article One , Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the vice president of the United States is the president of the Senate ( despite not being a senator ) , and mandates that the Senate must choose a president pro tempore to act in the vice president 's absence . Unlike the vice president , the president pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate , able to speak or vote on any issue . Selected by the Senate at large , the president pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers . During the vice president 's absence , the president pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions . In practice , neither the vice president nor the president pro tempore usually presides ; instead , the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior U.S. senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure . Since 1890 , the most senior U.S. senator in the majority party has generally been chosen to be president pro tempore and holds the office continuously until the election of another . This tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949 . Since the enactment of the current Presidential Succession Act in 1947 , the president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president and the speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the secretary of state . The current president pro tempore of the Senate is Iowa Republican Charles Grassley . Elected on January 3 , 2019 , he is the 91st person to serve in this office .