List of ship launches in 1944
July
Table:
Date

Ship

Country

Builder

Location

Class / type

Notes

1 July

Arcadia Victory

United States

California Shipbuilding Corporation

Los Angeles

Victory ship

1 July

Benjamin Warner

United States

Permanente Metals, #2 Yard

Richmond, California

Liberty ship

1 July

Floyd W. Spencer

United States

Delta Shipbuilding Company

New Orleans

Liberty ship

1 July

Joseph B. Eastman

United States

Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards

Baltimore

Liberty ship

2 July

Bremerton

United States

New York Shipbuilding Corporation

Camden, New Jersey

Template:Sclass-

4 July

F. Southall Farrar

United States

J. A. Jones Construction Company

Brunswick, Georgia

Liberty ship

4 July

Latimer

United States

Oregon Shipbuilding Company

Portland

Template:Sclass-

4 July

Olmstead

United States

Kaiser Company

Vancouver, Washington

Template:Sclass-

6 July

U 3502

Nazi Germany

Schichau-Werke

Danzig

Type XXI submarine

For German Navy

7 July

Alcee Fortier

United States

Delta Shipbuilding Company

New Orleans

Liberty ship

7 July

B. Charney Vladeck

United States

New England Shipbuilding Company

South Portland, Maine

Liberty ship

7 July

Honduras Victory

United States

Permanente Metals, #1 Yard

Richmond, California

Victory ship

8 July

Empire Crest

United Kingdom

Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd

Sunderland, Co Durham

Tanker

For Ministry of War Transport

8 July

Clovis Victory

United States

California Shipbuilding Corporation

Los Angeles

Victory ship

8 July

Diligence

United States

Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards

Baltimore

Liberty ship

8 July

Laura Drake Gill

United States

Todd Houston Shipbuilding Corporation

Houston, Texas

Liberty ship

8 July

Milton B. Medary

United States

Delta Shipbuilding Company

New Orleans

Liberty ship

9 July

U 3002

Nazi Germany

AG Weser

Bremen

Type XXI submarine

For Kriegsmarine

10 July

Walter Kidde

United States

Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards

Baltimore

Liberty ship

10 July

Sherburne

United States

Permanente Metals, #2 Yard

Richmond, California

Template:Sclass-

With reference to the tabular data plus the relevant paragraphs provided.

State the answer to the question: Who is the builder of the ship whose class/type was rushed into production before design work was complete , and the inexperienced facilities which constructed the boats were unable to meet necessary quality standards ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

The SS Arcadia Victory was a Victory ship built during World War II for cargo shipping . She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on 1 July 1944 and completed on 22 September 1944 . The ships United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3 , hull number 41 . In 1961 she was rebuilt as a refrigerated store ship and renamed the USNS Asterion ( T-AF-63 ) was an Asterion-class stores ship acquired by the United States Navy in 1961 . Her task was to carry stores , refrigerated items , and equipment to ships in the fleet , and to remote stations and staging areas .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
California Shipbuilding Corporation built 467 Liberty and Victory ships during World War II , including Haskell-class attack transports . California Shipbuilding Corporation was often referred to as Calship . The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships sometimes refers to this shipyard as California Shipbuilding Co. , but Co [ mpany ] appears to be an error . The Calship shipyard was created at Terminal Island in Los Angeles , California , United States as part of America 's massive shipbuilding effort of World War II . W. A. Bechtel Co. was given sponsorship and executive direction of Calship . As of 1940 , Los Angeles shipyards had not built a large ship in 20 years . By late 1941 though , shipbuilding had become the second largest manufacturing industry in the Los Angeles area . Calship was created from scratch and began production of Liberty Ships in May 1941 . In the early 1940s , contracts from the U.S.Department of Maritime Commission and a number of U.S. Navy contracts led to prosperity shipbuilding business in Los Angeles . The yard was located on 175 acres on the north side of Terminal Island , north of Dock Street , near present-day berths 210-213 . It initially had 8 ways , and later increased this to 14 . 40,000 men and women worked under the military contract to construction of 467 vessels over 5 years .
Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood .
The Victory ship was a class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by North American shipyards during World War II to replace losses caused by German submarines . They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship , were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines giving higher speed to allow participation in high speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats . A total of 531 Victory ships were built .
Permanente Metals Corporation ( PMC ) is best known for having managed the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond , California , owned by one of industrialist Henry J. Kaiser 's many corporations , and also engaged in related corporate activities . These four of the seven west coast Kaiser Shipyards were known for their construction of Liberty ships and later Victory ships . The company was originally a major producer of magnesium during World War II and derives its name from the Permanente Creek in Santa Clara County , California where mining operations commenced in the early 1930s . To make use of its major product , powdered magnesium , PMC also developed and supplied an incendiary bomb mixture of magnesium powder , asphalt , gasoline and others components ( known as goop , with similar characteristics to napalm ) ; 17,000 short tons of goop-filled bombs were used in World War II ( approximately eight percent of the total tonnage of incendiaries that were dropped during that conflict ) . Permanente ranked 42nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts .
The four Richmond Shipyards , located in the city of Richmond , California , United States , were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards . During World War II , Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard , turning out as many as three ships in a single day . The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park , whose the Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard # 2 . Shipyard # 3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city .
Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .
The American Ship Building Company was the dominant shipbuilder on the Great Lakes before the Second World War . It started as Cleveland Shipbuilding in Cleveland , Ohio in 1888 and opened the yard in Lorain , Ohio in 1898 . It changed its name to the American Ship Building Company in 1900 , when it acquired Superior Shipbuilding , in Superior , Wisconsin ; Toledo Shipbuilding , in Toledo , Ohio ; and West Bay Shipbuilding , in West Bay City , Michigan . With the coming of World War I , the company also acquired Buffalo Dry Dock , in Buffalo , New York ; Chicago Shipbuilding , in Chicago , Illinois ; and Detroit Shipbuilding , in Wyandotte , Michigan . American Shipbuilding ranked 81st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts .
New Orleans ( /ˈɔːrl ( i ) ənz , ɔːrˈliːnz/ , locally /ˈɔːrlənz/ ; French : La Nouvelle-Orléans [ la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana . With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018 , it is the most populous city in Louisiana . Serving as a major port , New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States . New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music , Creole cuisine , unique dialect , and its annual celebrations and festivals , most notably Mardi Gras . The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter , known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street . The city has been described as the most unique in the United States , owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage . Founded in 1718 by French colonists , New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States , and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II . The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding , due to such factors as high rainfall , low lying elevation , poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water . State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city . New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , which resulted in flooding more than 80% of the city , thousands of deaths , and so much displacement because of damaged communities and lost housing as to cause a population decline of over 50% . Since Katrina , major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city 's population .
Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , acquired the San Francisco shipyard Union Iron Works . In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Limited . Headquarters were in Quincy , Massachusetts , after acquiring the Fore River Shipyard in 1913 , and later in Sparrows Point , Maryland , southeast of Baltimore , Maryland , in formerly rural/now suburban Baltimore County , ( acquired 1916 ) , in 1964 . In 1940 , it was number 1 of the Big Three U.S. shipbuilders who could build any ship . Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock and New York Shipbuilding Corporation ( New York Ship ) were # 2 and # 3 . Bethlehem had 4 yards in early 1940 : Fore River , Sparrows Point , San Francisco , and Staten Island . Bethlehem expanded during World War II as a result of the Emergency Shipbuilding program administered under the United States Maritime Commission . The Quincy / Fore River yard was later sold to General Dynamics Corporation in the mid-1960s , and closed in 1986 . The Alameda Works Shipyard in California was closed by Bethlehem Steel in the early 1970s , while the San Francisco facility ( former Union Iron Works ) was sold to British Aerospace in the mid-1990s and survives today as BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair . Bethlehem Steel ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steel making operations .
Baltimore ( /ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or , locally : /ˈbɔːlmər/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States , with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country . Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729 . As of 2017 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million , making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country . Baltimore is located about 40 miles ( 64 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. , making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the fourth-largest CSA in the nation , with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063 . The city 's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States . In addition , Baltimore was a major manufacturing center . After a decline in major manufacturing , heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital ( founded 1889 ) and Johns Hopkins University ( founded 1876 ) are the city 's top two employers . With hundreds of identified districts , Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods . Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe , Edith Hamilton , Frederick Douglass , W.E.B . Du Bois , Ogden Nash , Gertrude Stein , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Dashiell Hammett , Upton Sinclair , Tom Clancy , Ta-Nehisi Coates , and H. L. Mencken ; musicians James Eubie Blake , Billie Holiday , Cab Calloway , Tori Amos , Frank Zappa , Tupac Shakur , Dan Deacon , Robbie Basho , Bill Frisell , Philip Glass , Cass Elliot , and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters , Barry Levinson , Divine , David Hasselhoff , Don Messick , John Kassir , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Mo'Nique ; artist Jeff Koons ; baseball player Babe Ruth ; swimmer Michael Phelps ; radio host Ira Glass ; television host Mike Rowe ; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall ; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi ; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson . During the War of 1812 , Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry .
USS Bremerton ( CA-130 ) , named for the city of Bremerton in Washington state , was a Baltimore-class heavy cruiser laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden in New Jersey on 1 February 1943 , launched on 2 July 1944 by Miss Elizabeth K. McGowan and commissioned on 29 April 1945 , Captain John Boyd Mallard in command .
The New York Shipbuilding Corporation ( or New York Ship for short ) was an American shipbuilding company that operated from 1899 to 1968 , ultimately completing more than 500 vessels for the U.S. Navy , the United States Merchant Marine , the United States Coast Guard , and other maritime concerns . At its peak during World War II , NYSB was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world . [ citation needed ] Its best-known vessels include the destroyer USS Reuben James ( DD-245 ) , the cruiser USS Indianapolis ( CA-35 ) , the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk ( CV-63 ) , the nuclear-powered cargo ship NS Savannah , and a quartet of cargo-passenger liners nicknamed the Four Aces .
Camden is a city and the county seat of Camden County , New Jersey , United States . Camden is located directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . At the 2010 U.S. Census , the city had a population of 77,344 . Camden is the 12th most populous municipality in New Jersey . The city was incorporated on February 13 , 1828 . Camden has been the county seat of Camden County since the county was formed on March 13 , 1844 . The city derives its name from Charles Pratt , 1st Earl Camden . Camden is made up of over twenty different neighborhoods . Beginning in the early 1900s , Camden was a consistently prosperous industrial city , and remained so throughout the Great Depression and World War II . During the 1950s , Camden manufacturers began gradually closing their factories and moving out of the city . With the loss of manufacturing jobs came a sharp population decline . The growth of the interstate highway system also played a large role in suburbanization , which resulted in white flight .
The Baltimore-class cruiser was a large class of heavy cruisers in the United States Navy commissioned during and shortly after World War II . Fourteen Baltimores were completed , more than any other class of heavy cruiser , along with three ships of the Oregon City-sub-class . Fast and heavily armed , the Baltimore cruisers were mainly used in World War II to protect the fast aircraft carriers in battle groups from air attack . Additionally , their 8-inch ( 203 mm ) main guns and secondary 5-inch ( 127 mm ) guns were regularly used to bombard land targets in support of amphibious landings . After the war , only six Baltimores ( St Paul , Macon , Toledo , Columbus , Bremerton , and Helena ) and two Oregon City-class ships ( Albany and Rochester ) remained in service , while the rest were moved to the reserve fleet . However , all ships except Boston , Canberra , Chicago and Fall River were reactivated for the Korean War . Except for St Paul , all the ships retaining all-gun configurations had very short ( 18 years or less ) service lives , and by 1971 were decommissioned , and started showing up in the scrap-sale lists . However , four Baltimore-class cruisers were refitted and converted into some of the first guided missile cruisers in the world , becoming two of the three Albany-class and two Boston-class cruisers . The last of these was decommissioned in 1980 , with the Chicago lasting until 1991 in reserve . No example of the Baltimore class still exists .
SS F. Southall Farrar was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after F. Southall Farrar , an agriculturist and 4-H leader from Virginia .
J.A . Jones Construction was a heavy construction company headquartered in Charlotte , North Carolina . Operating internationally since the 1950s , it merged with Germany 's Philipp Holzmann AG in 1979 . In 2003 the company ceased operations due to the failure of its parent company .
Brunswick ( /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Glynn County , Georgia , United States . As the main urban and economic center of the state 's lower southeast , it is the second-largest urban area on the Georgia coast after Savannah and contains the Brunswick Old Town Historic District . British colonists settled the peninsula in 1738 as a buffer to Spanish Florida . It came under provincial [ clarification needed ] control in 1771 and was founded as Brunswick after the German duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the ancestral home of the House of Hanover . It was incorporated as a city in 1856 . Throughout its history , Brunswick has served as an important port city : in World War II , it served as a strategic military location with an operational base for escort blimps and a shipbuilding facility for the U.S. Maritime Commission . Brunswick supports a progressive economy largely based on tourism and logistics , with a metropolitan GDP of $ 3.9 billion . The Port of Brunswick handles approximately 10 percent of all U.S. roll-on/roll-off trade - third in the U.S. , behind the ports of Los Angeles and Newark . The headquarters of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center is located 5 miles ( 8 km ) north of the central business district of the city and is adjacent to Brunswick Golden Isles Airport , which provides commercial air service to the area . In the 2010 U.S. census , the population of the city proper was 15,383 ; the urban area , 51,024 ; and the metropolitan area , 112,370 . Brunswick is located on a harbor of the Atlantic Ocean , approximately 40 mi ( 60 km ) north of Florida and 80 mi ( 130 km ) south of South Carolina . Brunswick is bordered on the west by Oglethorpe Bay , the East River , and the Turtle River .
USS Latimer ( APA-152 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas . Latimer ( APA-152 ) was launched under Maritime Commission contract 4 July 1944 by Oregon Shipbuilding Corp. , Portland , Oregon ; sponsored by Mrs. Melvin H. McCoy ; acquired by the Navy 28 August 1944 ; and commissioned the same day at Astoria , Oregon , Capt . John P. Dix in command .
Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation was a World War II emergency shipyard located along the Willamette River in Portland , Oregon , United States . The shipyard built nearly 600 Liberty and Victory ships between 1941 and 1945 under the Emergency Shipbuilding program . It was closed after the war ended . The shipyard , one of three Kaiser Shipyards in the area , was in the St. Johns neighborhood of North Portland . The two others were the Swan Island Shipyard , located several miles upriver on Swan Island ; and the Vancouver Shipyard , located across the Columbia River from Portland in Vancouver , Washington . Among the ships built by Oregon Shipbuilding was the Star of Oregon , which was launched on Liberty Fleet Day , September 27 , 1941 . The rapid expansion of Portland area shipyards during World War II and contraction afterward caused similar expansion and contraction of the population of Vanport City , Oregon , which was also built by Henry J. Kaiser to house the workers of the three area shipyards . The former site of Oregon Shipbuilding in St. Johns is now Schnitzer Steel Industries .
Portland ( /ˈpɔːrtlənd/ ; PORT-lənd ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County . It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest , at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers . As of 2018 , Portland had an estimated population of 653,115 , making it the 25th most populated city in the United States , and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle . Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) , making it the 25th most populous in the United States . Its combined statistical area ( CSA ) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million . Approximately 60% of Oregon 's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area . [ a ] Named after Portland , Maine , the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail . Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods , and the timber industry was a major force in the city 's early economy . At the turn of the 20th century , the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world , a hub for organized crime and racketeering . After the city 's economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II , its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate . Beginning in the 1960s , Portland became noted for its growing progressive political values , earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture . The city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro , the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States .
Haskell-class attack transports ( APA ) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944 . They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment , and land them on hostile shores with the ships ' integral landing craft . The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations , landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa . Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II , landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka . After the end of World War II , most participated in Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States . A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War , with some staying in service into the Vietnam War . The Haskell class , Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5 , is a sub - type of the World War II Victory ship design . 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945 , with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled . Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program .
USS Olmsted ( APA-188 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport that saw service with the US Navy for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas . She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type . Olmsted was named for Olmsted County , Minnesota .
The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II . Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts . The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company , a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser ( 1882-1967 ) , who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping . Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond , California , and were called the Richmond Shipyards . Three other shipyards were located in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia and Willamette rivers : the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and the Swan Island Shipyard in Portland , Oregon , and the Vancouver Shipyard in Vancouver , Washington . Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of ship building , which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships , 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction . Kaiser 's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards . Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks , and one in less than five days . Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war . The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25 , 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Richmond .
Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington . It is the largest suburb of Portland , Oregon . Incorporated in 1857 , Vancouver had a population of 161,791 as of the 2010 U.S. census , making it the fourth-largest city in Washington state . Vancouver is the county seat of Clark County and forms part of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area , the 23rd largest metropolitan area in the United States . Originally established in 1825 around Fort Vancouver , a fur-trading outpost , the city is located on the Washington/Oregon border along the Columbia River , directly north of Portland . In 2005 , Money magazine named it No . 91 on its list of best places in America to live . In 2016 , WalletHub ranked Vancouver the 89th best place in the U.S. for families to live .
Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy .
Type XXI submarines were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot ( German : electric boat ) submarines designed during the Second World War . One hundred and eighteen were completed , with four being combat ready . During the war only two were put into active service and went on patrols , but these were not used in combat . They were the first submarines designed to operate primarily submerged , rather than spending most of their time as surface ships that could submerge for brief periods as a means to escape detection . They incorporated many batteries to increase the time they could spend submerged , to as much as several days , and they only needed to surface to periscope depth for recharging via a snorkel . The design included many general improvements as well : much greater underwater speed by an improved hull design , greatly improved diving times , power-assisted torpedo reloading and greatly improved crew accommodations . However , the design was also flawed in many ways , with the submarines being mechanically unreliable and vulnerable to combat damage . The Type XXI submarines were also rushed into production before design work was complete , and the inexperienced facilities which constructed the boats were unable to meet necessary quality standards . After the war , several navies obtained XXIs and operated them for decades in various roles and large navies introduced new submarine designs based on them . These include the Soviet Whiskey , US Tang , UK Porpoise and Swedish Hajen classes , all based on the Type XXI design to some extent .
Five of the British Ocean ships , hulls 19-24 Ocean Wayfarer , Ocean Stranger , Ocean Traveller , Ocean Seaman , and Ocean Gallant , were launched along with two destroyers , USS Conway and USS Cony , and the Liberty Ship SS Natasha Allen at a record breaking mass launching on August 16 , 1942 . The ships were launched and they raced to see which one was the fastest ; Natasha Allen won . At the peak of production , the yards employed 30,000 people .
South Portland is a city in Cumberland County , Maine , United States , and is the fourth-largest city in the state , incorporated in 1898 . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 25,002 . Known for its working waterfront , South Portland is situated on Portland Harbor and overlooks the skyline of Portland and the islands of Casco Bay . Due to South Portland 's close proximity to air , marine , rail , and highway transportation options , the city has become a center for retail and industry in the region . Despite the name , South Portland was never part of the city of Portland , but rather part of Cape Elizabeth . It broke off in 1895 . However , both Cape Elizabeth and Portland were once part of Falmouth . Cape Elizabeth , then including what later became South Portland , broke away from Falmouth in 1765 . South Portland is a principal city of the Portland - South Portland - Biddeford metropolitan area .
Bursa was a 3,750 GRT tanker that was built in 1941 as Empire Crest by Sir J Laing & Sons , Sunderland , United Kingdom . She was built for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . In 1946 , she was sold into merchant service and renamed Bursa . She served until she was scrapped in 1961
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Sunderland ( /ˈsʌndərlənd/ ( listen ) ) is a city at the centre of the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough , in Tyne and Wear , England , 12 miles northeast of Durham and 10 miles southeast of Newcastle upon Tyne , at the mouth of the River Wear . Historically in County Durham , there were three original settlements by the mouth of the River Wear on the site of modern-day Sunderland . On the north side of the river , Monkwearmouth was settled in 674 when King Ecgfrith of Northumbria granted land to Benedict Biscop to found Monkwearmouth Monastery . In 685 , Ecgfrith further granted Biscop the land adjacent to the monastery on the south side of the river . As the river separated this land from the monastic community , it was henceforth referred to as the sunder-land , and would grow as a fishing settlement before being granted a charter in 1179 . West of the medieval village of Sunderland on the south bank , Bishopwearmouth was founded in 930 . Sunderland grew as a port , trading coal and salt . Ships began to be built on the river in the 14th century . By the 19th century , the port of Sunderland had absorbed Bishopwearmouth and Monkwearmouth , owing to the growing economic importance of the shipbuilding docks . Following the decline of the city 's traditional industries in the late 20th century , the area grew into a commercial centre for the automotive industry , science and technology and the service sector . Bede , sometimes called the father of English history , began his monastic career at Monkwearmouth monastery in Sunderland , before moving to the newly founded Jarrow monastery in 685 ( these monasteries together formed the dual Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey ) . It therefore seems likely that he was born in or near Sunderland .
A tanker ( or tank ship or tankship ) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk . Major types of tankship include the oil tanker , the chemical tanker , and gas carrier . Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils , molasses and wine . In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command , a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler ( or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores ) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker .
The SS Clovis Victory was the thirty-second Victory ship built during World War II , in 156 days under the Emergency Shipbuilding program . She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on June 13 , 1944 and completed on August 31 , 1944 . The ship 's United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3 , hull number 27 , operated by Seas Shipping Company . SS Clovis Victory served in the Pacific Ocean . Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty ships . Liberty ships were designed to be used just for WW2 . Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war . The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were : faster , longer and wider , taller , had a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure , and had a long raised forecastle . The sponsor of the Clovis Victory was the wife of the 200th Coast Artillery 's Henry Max Miller of Clovis , New Mexico . Major Miller was lost in the sinking of the SS Shinyō Maru on September 7 , 1944 .
Vigor Shipyards ( formerly Todd Shipyards ) was founded in 1916 as the William H. Todd Corporation through the merger of Robins Dry Dock & Repair Company of Erie Basin , Brooklyn , New York , the Tietjen & Long Dry Dock Company of Hoboken , New Jersey , and the Seattle Construction and Dry Dock Company . The Seattle shipyard could trace its history back to 1882 , when Robert Moran opened a marine repair shop at Yesler 's Wharf . This shop became the Moran Brothers Shipyard in 1906 and the Seattle Construction & Dry Dock Company at the end of 1911 . The shipyard has performed building and maintenance work for , among others , the U.S. and Royal Australian Navies , the United States Coast Guard , and the Washington State Ferries . Its headquarters and operations are on Harbor Island at the mouth of Seattle 's Duwamish Waterway . Todd ranked 26th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts . The 105-foot-long ( 32 m ) hull of Disneyland 's Mark Twain riverboat was built at Todd Shipyards in San Pedro , California , in 1955 . Frank Sinatra worked after high school as a rivet catcher . In February 2011 , Vigor Industrial purchased Todd for US $ 130 million . This included the Seattle , Everett and Bremerton operations . Today , Vigor Shipyards is a government repair subsidiary of Vigor Industrial . Originally , the Coast Guard wanted to acquire 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters ( OPC ) and spend about $ 8 billion for them .
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/ ( listen ) HEW-stən ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas , fourth most populous city in the United States , most populous city in the Southern United States , as well as the sixth most populous in North America , with an estimated 2018 population of 2,325,502 . Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico , it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area , which is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , with a population of 6,997,384 in 2018 . Comprising a total area of 637.4 square miles ( 1,651 km2 ) , Houston is the eighth most expansive city in the United States ( including consolidated city-counties ) . It is the largest city in the United States by total area , whose government is not consolidated with that of a county , parish or borough . Though primarily in Harris County , small portions of the city extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties , bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston such as Sugar Land and The Woodlands . The city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30 , 1836 , at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou ( a point now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city is named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas ' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of Allen 's Landing . After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s , Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century . The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston , including a burgeoning port and railroad industry , the decline of Galveston as Texas ' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane , the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel , and the Texas oil boom . In the mid-20th century , Houston 's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center - the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions - and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located . Houston 's economy since the late 19th century has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in healthcare sectors and building oilfield equipment , Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits ( after New York City ) .
Aktien-Gesellschaft „ Weser ( abbreviated A.G. „ Weser ) was one of the major German shipbuilding companies , located at the Weser River in Bremen . Founded in 1872 it was finally closed in 1983 . Altogether , A.G. „ Weser built about 1,400 ships of different types , including many warships . A.G. „ Weser was the leading company in the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG , a cooperation of eight German shipbuilding companies between 1926 and 1945 .
USS Sherburne ( APA-205 ) was a US Navy Haskell-class attack transport , built and used during World War II . She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type . Sherburne was named for Sherburne County , Minnesota . She was later converted and renamed USS Range Sentinel ( AGM-22 ) , a missile range instrumentation ship .