List of Alpha Kappa Alpha sisters
Table:
Name

Original chapter

Notability

References

Constance Baker Motley

Honorary

African-American civil rights activist, judge, and state senator

[7]

Joan Bernard Armstrong

Honorary

Judge in New Orleans

[7]

Chereé A. Buggs

Epsilon Pi Omega

Judge, Civil Court of the City of New York

[103]

Julia Cooper Mack

Honorary

Senior judge of District of Columbia's Court of Appeals

[7]

Dena Douglas

Delta Rho Omega

Judge, Civil Court of the City of New York

[41]

Lenora Gerald

Nu Mu

Judge, Queens County (NY) Criminal Court

[80]

Toni King

Upsilon Kappa Omega

judge, District Court of Cumberland County, North Carolina

[104]

Bertina Lampkin

Honorary

circuit court judge

[7]

Joyce London Alexander

Honorary

Chief Judge in Massachusetts State Court; United States magistrate judge

[7]

Alice O. McCollum

Beta Eta Omega

first African-American female municipal judge, Dayton, Ohio; County Probate Judge for Montgomery County, Ohio

[105]

Vicki Miles-LaGrange

Beta Sigma Omega

first African-American Federal District Judge in Western District of Oklahoma

[106][107]

Thelma Wyatt Moore

Tau Omega

first African-American female municipal judge, Atlanta, Georgia; first African-American judge for Fulton County, Georgia

[105]

Valerie Brathwaite Nelson

Iota Upsilon

Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York

[80]

Lisa Symone Ottley

Lambda

first African-American Judge appointed Supervising Judge of Civil Court, Kings Co., Brooklyn

[108]

Honorable Zina Pickens Cruse

Mu Tau

first African-American woman elected Circuit Judge, 20th Judicial Circuit, State of Illinois

[109]

Peggy Quince

Alpha

first African-American female Supreme Court Justice on the Florida Supreme Court

[107][110]

Fern Flanagan Saddler

Xi Omega

D.C. Superior Court Judge

[111]

Leah Ward Sears

Mu Upsilon

first African-American woman Chief Supreme Court Justice on the Georgia Supreme Court

[107][112]

Consulting the following table and the context paragraphs listed below.

Answer the following question: When was the sister from the original chapter called Alpha born ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Constance Baker Motley ( September 14 , 1921 - September 28 , 2005 ) was an African-American civil rights activist , lawyer , judge , state senator , and Borough President of Manhattan , New York City . She was the first African-American woman appointed to the federal judiciary , serving as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York . She was an assistant attorney to Thurgood Marshall arguing the case Brown v. Board of Education .
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings , either alone or as a part of a panel of judges . The powers , functions , method of appointment , discipline , and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions . The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and , typically , in an open court . The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case , assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties , and then issues a ruling on the matter at hand based on his or her interpretation of the law and his or her own personal judgment . In some jurisdictions , the judge 's powers may be shared with a jury . In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation , a judge might also be an examining magistrate .
A state senator is a member of a state 's senate , the upper house in the bicameral legislature of 49 U.S. states , or a member of the Nebraska Legislature , as it is unicameral ( i.e . one house ) . There are typically fewer state senators than there are members of a state 's lower house . In the past , this meant that senators represented various geographic regions within a state , regardless of the population , as a way of balancing the power of the lower house , which was apportioned according to population . This system changed in 1963 , when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that state legislatures must apportion seats in both houses according to population . However , the single-member district system remained , and as a result , the State Senates became redundant bodies , as other solutions , such as abolition ( as in Canada ) or switching to statewide proportional representation ( as in Australia ) were not considered . A senator 's job is to represent the people at a higher level than a state representative in the lower house .
New Orleans ( /ˈɔːrl ( i ) ənz , ɔːrˈliːnz/ , locally /ˈɔːrlənz/ ; French : La Nouvelle-Orléans [ la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana . With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018 , it is the most populous city in Louisiana . Serving as a major port , New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States . New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music , Creole cuisine , unique dialect , and its annual celebrations and festivals , most notably Mardi Gras . The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter , known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street . The city has been described as the most unique in the United States , owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage . Founded in 1718 by French colonists , New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States , and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II . The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding , due to such factors as high rainfall , low lying elevation , poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water . State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city . New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , which resulted in flooding more than 80% of the city , thousands of deaths , and so much displacement because of damaged communities and lost housing as to cause a population decline of over 50% . Since Katrina , major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city 's population .
Queens is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Queens County , in the U.S. state of New York . It is the largest borough geographically and is adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn , at the western end of Long Island . To its east is Nassau County . Queens also shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx . The borough of Queens is the second-largest in population , the first being Brooklyn ; with an estimated population of 2,278,906 residents in 2018 , approximately 47.5 percent of them foreign-born . Queens County also is the second most populous county in the U.S. state of New York , behind Brooklyn , which is coterminous with Kings County . Queens is the fourth most densely populated county among New York City 's boroughs , as well as in the United States . If each of New York City 's boroughs were an independent city , Queens would be the nation 's fourth most populous , after Los Angeles , Chicago , and Brooklyn . Queens is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States , as well as the most diverse among highly populated counties and the most linguistically diverse place on Earth . Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York . The settlement was presumably named for the English queen Catherine of Braganza ( 1638-1705 ) . From 1683 until 1899 , the County of Queens included what is now Nassau County .
Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents .
New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion .
Fort Bragg , North Carolina , is a military installation of the United States Army in North Carolina , and , by population , is the largest military installation in the world with more than 50,000 active duty personnel . The installation is located within Cumberland , Hoke , Harnett , and Moore counties . The installation borders the towns of Fayetteville , Spring Lake , and Southern Pines . It was also a census-designated place in the 2000 census , during which a residential population of 29,183 was identified . It is named for Confederate General Braxton Bragg . It covers over 251 square miles ( 650 km2 ) . It is the home of the Army 's XVIII Airborne Corps and is the headquarters of the United States Army Special Operations Command , which oversees the U.S. Army 1st Special Forces Command ( Airborne ) and 75th Ranger Regiment . It is also home to the U.S. Army Forces Command , U.S. Army Reserve Command , and Womack Army Medical Center . Fort Bragg maintains two airfields : Pope Field , where the United States Air Force stations global airlift and special operations assets as well as the Air Force Combat Control School , and Simmons Army Airfield , where Army aviation units support the needs of airborne and special operations forces on post .
Circuit courts are court systems in several common law jurisdictions . The core concept of circuit courts requires judges to travel to different locales to ensure wide visibility and understanding of cases in a region . More generally , some modern circuit courts may also refer to a court that merely holds trials for cases of multiple locations in some rotation .
Massachusetts ( /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ ( listen ) , /-zɪts/ ) , officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The capital of Massachusetts is Boston , which is also the most populous city in New England . It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts 's economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the second colony in New England after Popham Colony in 1607 in what is now Maine . Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention .
In United States federal courts , magistrate judges are judges appointed to assist district court judges in the performance of their duties . Magistrate judges are authorized by 28 U.S.C . § 631 et seq . The position of magistrate judge or magistrate also exists in some unrelated state courts ( see below ) . While district judges are nominated by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate for lifetime tenure , magistrate judges are appointed by a majority vote of the federal district judges of a particular district and serve terms of eight years if full-time , or four years if part-time , and may be reappointed . As of March 2009 there were 517 full-time and 42 part-time authorized magistrate judgeships , as well as one position combining magistrate judge and clerk of court . Magistrate judges generally oversee first appearances of criminal defendants , set bail , and conduct other administrative duties . Occasionally Presidents nominate magistrate judges for district judge vacancies . The Federal Magistrate Judges Association is the professional association for magistrate judges .
Dayton ( /ˈdeɪtən/ ) is the sixth-largest city in the state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County . A small part of the city extends into Greene County . The 2018 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 140,640 , while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 803,416 residents . This makes Dayton the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 63rd in the United States . Dayton is within Ohio 's Miami Valley region , just north of Greater Cincinnati . Ohio 's borders are within 500 miles ( 800 km ) of roughly 60 percent of the country 's population and manufacturing infrastructure , making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers , suppliers , and shippers . Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial , aeronautical , and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations . Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community . With the decline of heavy manufacturing , Dayton 's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors . Along with defense and aerospace , healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area 's economy . Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $ 6.8 billion . It is estimated that Premier Health Partners , a hospital network , contributes more than $ 2 billion a year to the region through operating , employment , and capital expenditures .
Vicki Miles-LaGrange ( born September 30 , 1953 ) is a former Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma . She was the first African-American woman to be sworn in as United States Attorney for the Western District of Oklahoma . She was also the first African-American woman elected to the Oklahoma Senate .
Oklahoma City ( /oʊkləˌhoʊmə -/ ) , often shortened to OKC , is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The county seat of Oklahoma County , the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population . The population grew following the 2010 Census , with the population estimated to have increased to 649,021 as of July 2018 . The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445 , and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124 residents , making it Oklahoma 's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population . Oklahoma City 's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian , Cleveland , and Pottawatomie counties , though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones ( watershed ) . The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by total area when including consolidated city-counties ; it is the second largest city in the United States by total area , following Houston , when not including consolidated cities . Lying in the Great Plains region , Oklahoma City has one of the world 's largest livestock markets . Oil , natural gas , petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy . The city is in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds . The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation 's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center ( these two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department 's Enterprise Service Center , respectively ) . Oklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor , which is one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and Mexico and north towards Wichita and Kansas City . Located in the state 's Frontier Country region , the city 's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers .
African Americans ( also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans ) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa . The phrase generally refers to descendants of enslaved black people who are from the United States . African Americans constitute the third largest ethnic group and the second largest racial group in the US , after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans . Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States . On average , African Americans are of West/Central African and European descent , and some also have Native American ancestry . According to U.S. Census Bureau data , African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American . The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities ( ≈95% ) . Immigrants from some Caribbean , Central American , and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term . African-American history starts in the 16th century , with peoples from West Africa forcibly taken as slaves to Latin America , and in the 17th century with West African slaves taken to English colonies in North America . After the founding of the United States , black people continued to be enslaved , and the last four million black slaves were only liberated after the Civil War in 1865 . Due to notions of white supremacy , they were treated as second-class citizens . The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only , and only white men who owned property could vote .
The United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma ( in case citations , W.D . Okla. or W.D . Ok. ) is a federal court in the Tenth Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) . The District was established on June 16 , 1906 , and became operational on November 16 , 1907 , with Oklahoma achieving statehood .
The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference .
Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 .
Syracuse University ( Syracuse , 'Cuse , or SU ) is a private research university in Syracuse , New York . The institution 's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary , founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima , New York . After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse , the university was established in 1870 , independent of the college . Since 1920 , the university has identified itself as nonsectarian , although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church . The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse , east and southeast of downtown , on one of the larger hills . Its large campus features an eclectic mix of buildings , ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings . SU is organized into 13 schools and colleges , with nationally recognized programs in information studies and library science , architecture , communications , business administration , inclusive education and wellness , sport management , public administration , engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences . Syracuse University athletic teams , known as the Orange , participate in 20 intercollegiate sports . SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference , or ACC for all NCAA Division I athletics , except for the men 's rowing and women 's ice hockey teams . SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference .
Illinois ( /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ ( listen ) IL-ə-NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States . It has the fifth largest gross domestic product ( GDP ) , the sixth largest population , and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states . Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States . With Chicago in northeastern Illinois , small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state , and natural resources such as coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base , and is a major transportation hub . Chicagoland , Chicago 's metropolitan area , encompasses over 65% of the state 's population . The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes : from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River . The Mississippi River , the Ohio River , and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois . For decades , Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and , through the 1980s , in politics . The capital of Illinois is Springfield , which is located in the central part of the state . Although today Illinois 's largest population center is in its northeast , the state 's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River , when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France . Following the American Revolutionary War , American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River , and the population grew from south to north .
Peggy Ann Quince ( born January 3 , 1948 ) is a former justice of the Supreme Court of Florida , having previously served as Chief Justice from July 1 , 2008 , until June 30 , 2010 . Quince was the second African American and third woman to serve as Chief Justice . She had been a Justice of the Court since 1999 , and was the first African-American woman to sit on the state 's highest Court and the third female Justice . From 1993 to 1997 she served as a judge on Florida 's Second District Court of Appeal . On July 1 , 2008 , Quince assumed the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida for two years , the first African-American woman to head any branch of Florida government .
The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida . It consists of seven members - the chief justice and six justices . Five members are chosen from five districts around the state to foster geographic diversity and two are selected at-large . The justices are appointed by the governor to set terms that do not exceed six years . Immediately after appointment , the initial term is three years or less , because the justices must appear on the ballot in the next general election that occurs more than one year after their appointment . Afterward they serve six-year terms and remain in office if retained in the general election near the end of each term . Citizens vote on whether they want to retain each justice in office , or not . Chief justices are elected by the members of the Court to two-year terms that end in every even-numbered year . Chief justices can succeed themselves in office if re-elected by the other justices . The Court is the final arbiter of Florida law , and its decisions are binding authority for all other Florida state courts and for federal courts when they apply Florida law . In most instances , the only appeal from the Florida Supreme Court is to the U.S. Supreme Court on questions of federal law . Established upon statehood in 1845 , the court is headquartered across Duval Street from the state capitol in Tallahassee .
Fern Flanagan Saddler ( born May 17 , 1955 ) is an Associate Judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia .
This is a comprehensive list of the current judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia , commonly referred to as DC Superior Court . The court consists of a chief judge and 61 associate judges . The court is assisted by the service of 24 magistrate judges , as well as retired judges who have been recommended and approved as senior judges . When a vacancy occurs on the court , the District of Columbia Judicial Nomination Commission invites applications and sends three candidates ' names to the President of the United States , who sends one nomination to the U.S. Senate for advice and consent . If the Senate confirms a judge , he or she serves for a 15-year term , which is renewable .
Leah Ward Sears ( born June 13 , 1955 ) is an American jurist and former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia . Sears was the first African-American female chief justice of a state supreme court in the United States . When she was first appointed as justice in 1992 by Governor Zell Miller , she became the first woman and youngest person to sit on Georgia 's Supreme Court .
Cornell University ( /kɔːrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge - from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell 's founding principle , a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation : I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study . The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus , with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy . The university also administers two satellite medical campuses , one in New York City and one in Education City , Qatar , and Cornell Tech , a graduate program that incorporates technology , business , and creative thinking . The program moved from Google 's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017 . Cornell is one of ten private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York . [ note 1 ] Of its seven undergraduate colleges , three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school . Of Cornell 's graduate schools , only the veterinary college is state-supported . As a land grant college , Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions . The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres , but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens ( more than 4,300 acres ) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered . As of October 2019 , 59 Nobel laureates , four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University .
The Supreme Court of Georgia is the highest judicial authority of the U.S. state of Georgia . The court was established in 1845 as a three-member panel . Since 1896 , the justices ( increased in number to six , then to seven in 1945 , and finally to nine in 2017 ) have been elected by the people of the state . The justices are currently elected in statewide non-partisan elections for six-year terms , with any vacancies filled through an appointment by the Governor . The first Chief Justice of the Court was Joseph Henry Lumpkin , who was appointed to that position in 1863 . Under the current Constitution of Georgia , the Chief Justice is designated as the chief presiding and administrative officer of the court , and is elected by the justices . The justices also elect a Presiding Justice to serve if the Chief Justice is absent or is disqualified . As of 2019 [ update ] , the current Chief Justice of the Court is Harold Melton , and the current Presiding Justice is David Nahmias . Both justices were sworn into their respective positions on September 4 , 2018 .