National Register of Historic Places listings in Menominee County, Michigan
Table:
[3]

Name on the Register[4]

Image

Date listed[5]

Location
City or town

Description

1

ALVIN CLARK (schooner)

ALVIN CLARK (schooner)

May 16, 1974
(#74000996)

Mystery Ship Seaport, Lake Michigan
45°06′15″N 87°37′13″W﻿ / ﻿45.104167°N 87.620278°W﻿ / 45.104167; -87.620278﻿ (ALVIN CLARK (schooner))
Menominee

The Alvin Clark was an 1847 schooner that sank in Green Bay in 1864. It was salvaged in nearly pristine condition in 1969[6] and moored in Menominee. However, no plans were in place for proper preservation, and the Clark deteriorated rapidly. The ship and the adjacent seaport/museum were demolished completely in 1994 to make way for a parking lot.[7]

2

Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Station

Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Station

April 22, 1982
(#82002852)

219 W. 4th Ave.
45°06′00″N 87°36′09″W﻿ / ﻿45.100083°N 87.6025°W﻿ / 45.100083; -87.6025﻿ (Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Station)
Menominee

This single story depot, constructed in 1903, is substantially similar to the nearby depot at Marinette, Wisconsin. It was used as an interurban station, serving passenger trains between Menominee and Crivitz, Wisconsin, until 1914. From 1915 until 1927, the rail line offered both passenger and freight service, but the venture ultimately failed. The station was used as a freight stop until 1938, after which it was shuttered.

3

First Street Historic District

First Street Historic District

December 31, 1974
(#74000997)

Roughly bounded by the northern side of 10th Ave., 4th Ave., 2nd St., and Green Bay Shoreline
45°06′19″N 87°36′09″W﻿ / ﻿45.105278°N 87.6025°W﻿ / 45.105278; -87.6025﻿ (First Street Historic District)
Menominee

The First Street Historic District, also known as the Main Street Historic District or the Historic Waterfront Downtown, encompasses Menominee's commercial downtown area. The district contains over 40 commercial buildings and civic structures, as well as several private houses, spread over a 29 acres (12 ha) area. Most of these buildings date to Menominee's prosperous era which began around 1890, and are in substantially original condition or have only minor alterations.

4

Charles G. Janson Garage

Charles G. Janson Garage

September 2, 2010
(#10000615)

524 10th Ave.
45°06′28″N 87°36′33″W﻿ / ﻿45.107778°N 87.609167°W﻿ / 45.107778; -87.609167﻿ (Charles G. Janson Garage)
Menominee

The Charles G. Janson Garage is a two-story commercial building constructed of brick; it was originally constructed in 1915 for Charles G. Janson, a Ford auto dealer. An addition to the building was made in 1933.

5

Menominee County Courthouse

Menominee County Courthouse

More images

March 7, 1975
(#75000958)

10th Ave. between 8th and 10th Sts.
45°06′26″N 87°36′47″W﻿ / ﻿45.107222°N 87.613056°W﻿ / 45.107222; -87.613056﻿ (Menominee County Courthouse)
Menominee

The Menominee County Courthouse is a three story Classical Revival building constructed of red brick, sitting on a rock-faced ashlar basement. It was constructed in 1874-75 from a design by Chicago architect G.P. Randall.

6

Menominee Pierhead Light Station

Menominee Pierhead Light Station

More images

July 27, 2005
(#05000738)

Offshore end of Menominee Harbor N pier at mount of Menominee R
45°05′50″N 87°35′09″W﻿ / ﻿45.097222°N 87.585833°W﻿ / 45.097222; -87.585833﻿ (Menominee Pierhead Light Station)
Menominee

The Menominee Pier Light Station was established in 1877. The current structure is a distinctive red 34 feet (10 m) octagonal cast iron building which was first lit in 1927.

7

R. J. HACKETT (steamer)

R. J. HACKETT (steamer)

More images

May 21, 1992
(#92000464)

Address Restricted
45°21′28″N 87°10′55″W﻿ / ﻿45.357778°N 87.181944°W﻿ / 45.357778; -87.181944﻿ (R. J. HACKETT (steamer))
Green Bay

The R. J. Hackett was a steamer built in 1869 by shipbuilder Elihu M. Peck. When first launched, the ship's wide cross-section and long midships hold was an unconventional design, but the design's relative advantages in moving cargo through the inland lakes spawned many imitators. The Hackett is recognized as the very first Great Lakes freighter, a vessel type that has dominated Great Lakes shipping for over 100 years. In 1905, the Hackett caught fire and sank on Whaleback Shoal in Green Bay, 9.5 miles (15.3 km) southeast of the Cedar River. The wreck slipped slightly off the reef, and currently sits in 10 -14 feet of water.

8

Riverside Site

Riverside Site

More images

March 24, 1978
(#78001508)

Near Riverside Cemetery[8]
45°07′00″N 87°40′00″W﻿ / ﻿45.1166667°N 87.66667°W﻿ / 45.1166667; -87.66667﻿ (Riverside Site)
Menominee

The Riverside Site, also known as 20-ME-1, is an archaeological site consisting of what was once a village along with an associated cemetery. Artifacts found at the Riverside site included a mix of Old Copper and Red Ocher cultures, with some additional Woodland and Mississippian cultural elements. Radiocarbon dating of organic remains indicated dates ranging from 1090 BCE to 70 AD, with the majority of the artifacts dating from about 500 BCE to about 200 BCE.

9

St. John the Baptist Catholic Church

St. John the Baptist Catholic Church

July 21, 1995
(#95000865)

904 11th Ave.
45°06′32″N 87°36′48″W﻿ / ﻿45.10875°N 87.613353°W﻿ / 45.10875; -87.613353﻿ (St. John the Baptist Catholic Church)
Menominee

The St. John the Baptist parish in Menominee was the oldest religious organization on the Menominee River in Michigan. The current church, designed by architect and parish member Derrick Hubert, was built in 1921-22. The church was used by the parish until parish mergers in 1972. In 1976, the Menominee County Historical Society purchased the building, and it is now used as the society's Heritage Museum.

10

J. W. Wells State Park

J. W. Wells State Park

February 25, 2002
(#02000040)

N7670 M-35
45°23′15″N 87°22′14″W﻿ / ﻿45.3875°N 87.370556°W﻿ / 45.3875; -87.370556﻿ (J. W. Wells State Park)
Cedarville Township

The park was established in 1925 through a donation by the children of John Walter Wells, a pioneer lumberman in the area and the mayor of Menominee for three terms beginning in 1893. Many of the park's buildings, landscaping and water and sewage systems were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s and 1940s.

11

Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company Office Building

Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company Office Building

More images

July 26, 1991
(#91000901)

N5551 River St., Meyer Township
45°42′33″N 87°36′28″W﻿ / ﻿45.709167°N 87.607778°W﻿ / 45.709167; -87.607778﻿ (Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company Office Building)
Hermansville

This building was constructed as the headquarters for the Wisconsin Land & Lumber Company in 1882. It remained as the firm's headquarters until 1978, and in 1982 was repurposed as the IXL Historical Museum.[9] It stands essentially as it was built in 1881-82. The museum is home to items from Hermansville's lumbering and hardwood flooring era.

With reference to the following table as well as the passages provided at the end.

Solve the question: What is the focal plane in feet at a site that is located in the city that is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Alvin Clark was a schooner which was constructed in 1847 and sank in Green Bay in 1864 . It was salvaged in 1969 and moored in Menominee , Michigan at the Mystery Ship Seaport , located in the Menominee River at the foot of Sixth Avenue . The ship was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1972 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 . Although the schooner was in pristine condition when raised , no plans were in place for its conservation , and the ship rapidly deteriorated . The remains of Alvin Clark were destroyed in 1994 .
Menominee is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 8,599 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Menominee County . Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula , behind Marquette , Sault Ste . Marie , and Escanaba . Menominee Township is located to the north of the city , but is politically autonomous . Menominee is part of the Marinette , WI-MI Micropolitan Statistical Area .
A schooner is a type of sailing ship , as defined by its rig configuration . Typically it has two or more masts , the foremast being slightly shorter than the mainmast . Pronounced /ˈskuːnər/ , the term first appeared in eastern North America in the early 1700s . The name may be related to a Scots language word meaning to skip over water , or to skip stones .
Green Bay is an arm of Lake Michigan , located along the south coast of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula and the east coast of Wisconsin . It is separated from the rest of the lake by the Door Peninsula in Wisconsin , the Garden Peninsula in Michigan , and the chain of islands between them , all formed by the Niagara Escarpment . Green Bay is some 120 miles ( 193 km ) long , with a width ranging from about 10 miles ( 16 km ) to 20 mi ( 32 km ) . It is 1,626 square miles ( 4,210 km2 ) in area . At the southern end of the bay is the city of Green Bay , Wisconsin , where the Fox River enters the bay . The Leo Frigo Memorial Bridge ( formerly known as the Tower Drive bridge ) spans the point where the bay begins and the Fox River ends , as the river flows south to north into the bay . Locally , the bay is often called the Bay of Green Bay to distinguish the bay from the city . The bay is navigable by large ships . The bay is located in parts of five counties in Wisconsin ( Brown , Door , Kewaunee , Marinette , Oconto ) , and two in Michigan ( Delta , Menominee ) .
The Chicago , Milwaukee , St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Station , also known as the Milwaukee Road Depot is a railroad depot located at 219 West Fourth Avenue in Menominee , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 .
The Milwaukee Road Depot in Marinette , Wisconsin was built in 1903 by the Chicago , Milwaukee , St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ( otherwise known as The Milwaukee Road ) to replace an earlier depot .
Marinette is a city in and the county seat of Marinette County , Wisconsin , United States . It is located on the south bank of the Menominee River , at its mouth at Green Bay , part of Lake Michigan ; to the north is Stephenson Island ( Wisconsin ) , part of the city preserved as park . During the lumbering boom of the late 19th century , Marinette became the tenth-largest city in Wisconsin in 1900 , with its peak population of 16,195 . Marinette is the principal city of the Marinette , Wisconsin-Michigan Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Marinette County , Wisconsin and Menominee County , Michigan . The population was 10,968 at the 2010 census . Menominee , Michigan is across the river to the north , and the cities are connected by three bridges . Menominee and Marinette are sometimes described as twin cities of the Menominee River .
Crivitz is a village in Marinette County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 984 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Marinette , WI-MI Micropolitan Statistical Area .
The First Street Historic District , also known as the Main Street Historic District , is a commercial historic district in Menominee , Michigan containing over 40 structures spread over a 29 acres ( 12 ha ) area . The district is roughly bounded by Fourth Avenue , the north side of Tenth Avenue , Second Street , and the Green Bay Shoreline ; the boundaries are approximately equivalent to what is locally known as the Historic Waterfront Downtown . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 .
The Charles G. Janson Garage is a commercial structure located at 524 Tenth Avenue in Menominee , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 .
Ford Motor Company , commonly known as Ford , is an American multinational automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand , and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller , an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in Jiangling Motors . It also has joint-ventures in China ( Changan Ford ) , Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( behind General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe .
The Menominee County Courthouse is a government building located on Tenth Avenue between Eighth and Tenth Streets in Menominee , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 .
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .
Ashlar ( /ˈæʃlər/ ) is finely dressed ( cut , worked ) stone , either an individual stone that was worked until squared or the structure built from it . Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit , generally rectangular cuboid , mentioned by Vitruvius as opus isodomum , or less frequently trapezoidal . Precisely cut on all faces adjacent to those of other stones , ashlar is capable of very thin joints between blocks , and the visible face of the stone may be quarry-faced or feature a variety of treatments : tooled , smoothly polished or rendered with another material for decorative effect . One such decorative treatment consists of small grooves achieved by the application of a metal comb . Generally used only on softer stone ashlar , this decoration is known as mason 's drag . Ashlar is in contrast to rubble masonry , which employs irregularly shaped stones , sometimes minimally worked or selected for similar size , or both . Ashlar is related but distinct from other stone masonry that is finely dressed but not quadrilateral , such as curvilinear and polygonal masonry . Ashlar may be coursed , which involves lengthy horizontals layers of stone blocks laid in parallel , and therefore with continuous horizontal joints . Ashlar may also be random , which involves stone blocks laid with deliberately discontinuous courses and therefore discontinuous joints both vertically and horizontally . In either case , it generally uses a joining material such as mortar to bind the blocks together , although dry ashlar construction , metal ties , and other methods of assembly have been used . The dry ashlar of Inca architecture in Cusco and Machu Picchu is particularly fine and famous .
Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International .
The Menominee North Pier lighthouse is located in the harbor of Menominee , Michigan . The station was first lit in 1877 . The current structure and its still operational light was lit in 1927 , and automated in 1972 . It is also sometimes called the Menominee ( Marinette ) North Pierhead Light . The foundation is a concrete pier . The 34-foot ( 10 m ) tall octagonal cast iron building is marked in a distinctive red , with a black lantern and white base . A Fourth Order Fresnel lens was originally installed , but was replaced with a modern 12-inch ( 300 mm ) acrylic optic lens . The original lens is now at Sand Point Light in Escanaba , Michigan . The focal plane is 46 feet ( 14 m ) . The building originally had a diaphone fog signal structure attached , and it was later removed . The iron catwalk was removed in 1972 when the light was automated . This light is paired with a large rear range light .
R. J. Hackett ( official number 21934 ) was a steamer built in 1869 . When first launched , the ship 's wide cross-section and long midships hold were unconventional , but the design 's advantages in moving cargo through the inland lakes spawned many imitators . The Hackett is recognized as the first Great Lakes freighter , a vessel type that has dominated Great Lakes shipping for over 100 years . In 1905 , the Hackett caught fire and sank on Whaleback Shoal in Green Bay , 9.5 miles ( 15.3 km ) southeast of the Cedar River in Menominee County , Michigan . The wreck site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 .
Lake freighters , or lakers , are bulk carrier vessels that ply the Great Lakes of North America . These vessels are traditionally called boats , although classified as ships . Since the late 19th century , lakers have carried bulk cargoes of materials such as limestone , iron ore , grain , coal , or salt from the mines and fields of the upper Great Lakes to the populous industrial areas farther east . The 63 commercial ports handled 173 million tons of cargo in 2006 . Because of winter ice on the lakes , the navigation season is not usually year-round . The Soo Locks and Welland Canal close from mid-January to late March , when most boats are laid up for maintenance . Crewmembers spend these months ashore . Depending on their application , lakers may also be referred to by their type , such as oreboats ( primarily for iron ore ) , straight deckers ( no self-unloading gear ) , bulkers ( carry bulk cargo ) , sternenders ( all cabins aft ) , self unloaders ( with self unloading gear ) , longboats ( for their slender appearance ) , or lakeboats , among others . In the mid-20th century , 300 lakers worked the Lakes , but by the early 21st century there were fewer than 140 active lakers . SS Edmund Fitzgerald , which sank in 1975 , became widely known as the most recent and largest major vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes .
The Great Lakes ( French : les Grands Lacs ) , also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America , are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America , on the Canada-United States border , which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River . They comprise Lakes Superior , Michigan , Huron , Erie , and Ontario . Hydrologically , there are only four lakes , because Lakes Michigan and Huron join at the Straits of Mackinac . The lakes form the Great Lakes Waterway . The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area , and second-largest by total volume , containing 21% of the world 's surface fresh water by volume . The total surface is 94,250 square miles ( 244,106 km2 ) , and the total volume ( measured at the low water datum ) is 5,439 cubic miles ( 22,671 km3 ) , slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal ( 5,666 cu mi or 23,615 km3 , 22-23% of the world 's surface fresh water ) . Due to their sea-like characteristics ( rolling waves , sustained winds , strong currents , great depths , and distant horizons ) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas . Lake Superior is the second-largest lake in the world by area , and the largest freshwater lake by area . Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country . The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the last glacial period around 14,000 years ago , as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land which then filled with meltwater . The lakes have been a major source for transportation , migration , trade , and fishing , serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity . The surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region , which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis .
The Riverside Site , also known as 20-ME-1 , is an archaeological site located near the Riverside Cemetery in Menominee , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 .
Old Copper Complex is a term used for ancient Native North American societies known to have been heavily involved in the utilization of copper for weaponry and tools . The evidence of smelting or alloying that has been found is subject to some dispute and a common assumption by archaeologists is that objects were cold-worked into shape . Artifacts from some of these sites have been dated from 4000 to 1000 BCE . Furthermore , some archaeologists find artifactual and structural evidence of casting by Hopewellian and Mississippian peoples to be demonstrated in the archaeological record .
The Red Ocher people were an indigenous people of North America . A series of archaeological sites located in the Upper Great Lakes , the Greater Illinois River Valley , and the Ohio River Valley in the American Midwest have been discovered to be a Red Ocher burial complex , dating from 1000 BC to 400 BC , the Terminal Archaic - Early Woodland period . Characterized as shallow burials located in sandy ridges along river valleys , covered in red ochre or hydrated iron oxide ( FeH3O ) , they contain diagnostic artifacts that include caches of flint points , turkey-tails , and various forms of worked copper . Turkey-tails are large flint blades of a distinct type . It is believed that Red Ocher people spoke an ancestral form of the Algonquian languages . Red ochre has a long history of use in North America ; as early as the Folsom tradition during the Paleo-Indian period , certain localities in New Mexico and Wyoming were being mined for the substance . The people today known as Red Ocher were first identified by the University of Chicago in 1937 . During the late 1950s and early 1960s , the Red Ocher Culture was a topic of great interest among archaeologists who were trying to better define the burial culture through various methods of research . Since then intermittent archaeological works have been published dealing with specific sub-topics within the burial culture and supported by more reliable AMS carbon dates . Nevertheless , many important archaeological questions regarding the Red Ocher burial manifestation and cultural phenomenon are still without answers .
In the classification of archaeological cultures of North America , the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America , with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period , from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period . The term Woodland Period was introduced in the 1930s as a generic term for prehistoric sites falling between the Archaic hunter-gatherers and the agriculturalist Mississippian cultures . The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the Subarctic region , the Eastern United States , along to the Gulf of Mexico . This period is variously considered a developmental stage , a time period , a suite of technological adaptations or traits , and a family tree of cultures related to earlier Archaic cultures . It can be characterized as a chronological and cultural manifestation without any massive changes in a short time but instead having a continuous development in stone and bone tools , leather crafting , textile manufacture , cultivation , and shelter construction . Many Woodland peoples used spears and atlatls until the end of the period , when they were replaced by bows and arrows ; however , Southeastern Woodland peoples also used blowguns . The most cited technological distinction of this period was the widespread use of pottery ( although pottery manufacture had arisen during the Archaic period in some places ) , and the diversification of pottery forms , decorations , and manufacturing practices . The increasing use of horticulture and the development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex , consisting of weedy seed plants as well as gourd cultivation , also meant that groups became less mobile over time and , in some times and places , people lived in permanently occupied villages and cities . Intensive agriculture characterizes the Mississippian period from c. 1000-1400 CE and may have continued up to European contact , around 500 years ago .
The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern , Eastern , and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600 , varying regionally . It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages ( suburbs ) linked together by loose trading networks . The largest city was Cahokia , believed to be a major religious center . The Mississippian way of life began to develop in the Mississippi River Valley ( for which it is named ) . Cultures in the tributary Tennessee River Valley may have also begun to develop Mississippian characteristics at this point . Almost all dated Mississippian sites predate 1539-1540 ( when Hernando de Soto explored the area ) , with notable exceptions being Natchez communities that maintained Mississippian cultural practices into the 18th century .
Radiocarbon dating ( also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating ) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon , a radioactive isotope of carbon . The method was developed in the late 1940s at the University of Chicago by Willard Libby , who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in 1960 . It is based on the fact that radiocarbon ( 14C ) is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen . The resulting 14C combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide , which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis ; animals then acquire 14C by eating the plants . When the animal or plant dies , it stops exchanging carbon with its environment , and thereafter the amount of 14C it contains begins to decrease as the 14C undergoes radioactive decay . Measuring the amount of 14C in a sample from a dead plant or animal , such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone , provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died . The older a sample is , the less 14C there is to be detected , and because the half-life of 14C ( the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed ) is about 5,730 years , the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by this process date to around 50,000 years ago , although special preparation methods occasionally permit accurate analysis of older samples . Research has been ongoing since the 1960s to determine what the proportion of 14C in the atmosphere has been over the past fifty thousand years . The resulting data , in the form of a calibration curve , is now used to convert a given measurement of radiocarbon in a sample into an estimate of the sample 's calendar age . Other corrections must be made to account for the proportion of 14C in different types of organisms ( fractionation ) , and the varying levels of 14C throughout the biosphere ( reservoir effects ) . Additional complications come from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil , and from the above-ground nuclear tests done in the 1950s and 1960s . Because the time it takes to convert biological materials to fossil fuels is substantially longer than the time it takes for its 14C to decay below detectable levels , fossil fuels contain almost no 14C , and as a result there was a noticeable drop in the proportion of 14C in the atmosphere beginning in the late 19th century .
St. John the Baptist Catholic Church , now used as the Menominee County Historical Museum , is a historic church at 904 11th Avenue in Menominee , Michigan . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1981 .
The Menominee River is a river in northwestern Michigan and northeastern Wisconsin in the United States . It is approximately 116 miles ( 187 km ) long , draining a rural forested area of northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan into Lake Michigan . Its entire course , with that of its tributary , the Brule River , forms part of the boundary between the two states .
J.W . Wells State Park ( also known as Wells State Park ) is a state park in the U.S. state of Michigan . The 678-acre ( 2.74 km2 ) park is located in Menominee County on the shore of Lake Michigan 's Green Bay , just south of Cedar River . It is on M-35 , roughly midway between Menominee and Escanaba . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .
M-35 is a state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula ( UP ) of the US state of Michigan . It runs for 128 miles ( 206 km ) in a general north-south direction and connects the cities of Menominee , Escanaba , and Negaunee . The southern section of M-35 in Menominee and Delta counties carries two additional designations ; M-35 forms a segment of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour , and it is the UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail , which is a part of what is now called the Pure Michigan Byways Program . Along the southern section , the highway is the closest trunkline to the Green Bay , a section of Lake Michigan . The northern section of the highway turns inland through sylvan areas of the UP , connecting rural portions of Delta and Marquette counties . M-35 is an original state trunkline that was first signposted in 1919 , that was intended to run from Menominee in the south to near Big Bay in the north , before it was to turn toward L'Anse to end at Ontonagon . However , the section through the Huron Mountains in northern Marquette and Baraga counties was never built . Automobile pioneer Henry Ford helped halt this construction to gain favor with and membership into the exclusive Huron Mountain Club . Some discontinuous sections were later ceded to local control . The northern segment of the route between Ontonagon and Baraga was retained as a discontinuous segment of the highway ; this northern segment was later redesignated as another state trunkline . The northern end was later rerouted out of the City of Negaunee into Negaunee Township to avoid mining activity near Palmer .
Cedarville Township is a civil township of Menominee County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 276 at the 2000 census . The township was established in 1863 .
The Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) was a voluntary public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed , unmarried men . Originally for young men ages 18-25 , it was eventually expanded to ages 17-28 . Robert Fechner was the first director of this agency , succeeded by James McEntee following Fechner 's death . The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal that provided manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal , state , and local governments . The CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States . Maximum enrollment at any one time was 300,000 . Through the course of its nine years in operation , 3 million young men participated in the CCC , which provided them with shelter , clothing , and food , together with a wage of $ 30 ( equivalent to $ 590 in 2019 ) per month ( $ 25 of which had to be sent home to their families ) .
The IXL Historical Museum is a historic office building , residence , and museum complex in Hermansville , Michigan , United States . The main building was constructed as the headquarters for the Wisconsin Land & Lumber Company before it became a museum . The museum was organized in 1982 , and the main building , also known as the Wisconsin Land and Lumber Company Office , was deignated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 .
Hermansville is an unincorporated community in the Meyer Township of Menominee County in the U.S. state of Michigan . It formed around the defunct Wisconsin Land & Lumber Company as a company town . The company 's former headquarters is open as the IXL Historical Museum . U.S. Route 2 passes through the north edge of the community . Hermansville was established in 1878 . The community was named for the son of the original owner of the town site .