Flower-class corvette
Ships -- Vessels lost in action
Table:
Flower-class ships lost to enemy action

Ship

Flag

Date

Fate

Alysse

Free French Naval Forces

9 February 1942

Torpedoed and sunk by U-654 while escorting Convoy ON-60 about 420 nautical miles (780 km) E of Cape Race at 46°00′N 44°00′W﻿ / ﻿46.000°N 44.000°W﻿ / 46.000; -44.000 36 crew were killed.

La Bastiaise

Free French Naval Forces

22 June 1940

Mined during sea trial off Hartlepool on day of her commissioning.

Mimosa

Free French Naval Forces

9 June 1942

Torpedoed and sunk by U-124 while escorting Convoy ONS 100 at 52°12′N 32°37′W﻿ / ﻿52.200°N 32.617°W﻿ / 52.200; -32.617 58 French crew and 6 British crew were killed; the French crew being largely from Saint Pierre and Miquelon. 4 survivors rescued by HMCS Assiniboine.

Alberni

Royal Canadian Navy

21 August 1944

Torpedoed and sunk by U-480 while escorting a convoy in the English Channel S of St. Catherine's Point at 50°18′N 00°51′W﻿ / ﻿50.300°N 0.850°W﻿ / 50.300; -0.850 59 crew killed and 31 rescued by RN motor torpedo boats.

Charlottetown

Royal Canadian Navy

11 September 1942

Torpedoed and sunk by U-517 while escorting Convoy SQ-30 in the Saint Lawrence River N of Cap-Chat at 49°10′N 66°50′W﻿ / ﻿49.167°N 66.833°W﻿ / 49.167; -66.833 9 crew killed.

Levis

Royal Canadian Navy

19 September 1941

Torpedoed and sunk by U-74 while escorting Convoy SC 44 E of Cape Farewell at 60°07′N 38°37′W﻿ / ﻿60.117°N 38.617°W﻿ / 60.117; -38.617 18 crew killed and 91 rescued.

Louisburg

Royal Canadian Navy

6 February 1943

Bombed and torpedoed by Luftwaffe aircraft while escorting Convoy KMF-8 off Cape Tenes in Mediterranean Sea at 36°15′N 00°15′E﻿ / ﻿36.250°N 0.250°E﻿ / 36.250; 0.250 59 crew killed, 50 rescued.

Regina

Royal Canadian Navy

8 August 1944

Torpedoed and sunk by U-667 off Trevose Head at 50°42′N 05°03′W﻿ / ﻿50.700°N 5.050°W﻿ / 50.700; -5.050 30 crew were killed.

Shawinigan

Royal Canadian Navy

25 November 1944

Torpedoed and sunk by U-1228 in the Cabot Strait at 47°34′N 59°11′W﻿ / ﻿47.567°N 59.183°W﻿ / 47.567; -59.183. All hands were lost.

Spikenard

Royal Canadian Navy

11 February 1942

Torpedoed and sunk by U-136 while escorting Convoy SC 67 W of Malin Head at 56°10′N 21°07′W﻿ / ﻿56.167°N 21.117°W﻿ / 56.167; -21.117. 8 crew survived.

Weyburn

Royal Canadian Navy

22 February 1943

Mined on 22 February 1943 off Cape Espartel at 36°46′N 06°02′W﻿ / ﻿36.767°N 6.033°W﻿ / 36.767; -6.033. 7 crew were killed.

Windflower

Royal Canadian Navy

7 December 1941

Rammed and sunk while escorting Convoy SC 58 after colliding with freighter Zypenberg in dense fog on the Grand Banks at 46°19′N 49°30′W﻿ / ﻿46.317°N 49.500°W﻿ / 46.317; -49.500 23 crew were killed.

Abelia

Royal Navy

9 January 1944

Torpedoed and badly damaged by a U-boat.

Arbutus

Royal Navy

5 February 1942

Torpedoed and sunk by U-136 W of Erris Head, Ireland at 55°05′N 18°43′W﻿ / ﻿55.083°N 18.717°W﻿ / 55.083; -18.717

Asphodel

Royal Navy

10 March 1944

Torpedoed and sunk by U-575 while escorting Convoy SL-150 and Convoy MKS-41 at 45°24′N 18°09′W﻿ / ﻿45.400°N 18.150°W﻿ / 45.400; -18.150. 92 crew were killed, 5 survivors rescued by HMS Clover.

Auricula

Royal Navy

6 May 1942

Mined in Courrier Bay, Madagascar at 12°12′S 49°19′E﻿ / ﻿12.200°S 49.317°E﻿ / -12.200; 49.317. Foundered the next day while under tow.

Bluebell

Royal Navy

17 February 1945

Torpedoed and sunk by U-711 off the Kola Inlet at 69°36′N 35°29′E﻿ / ﻿69.600°N 35.483°E﻿ / 69.600; 35.483

Bryony

Royal Navy

15 April 1941

Bombed and sunk during sea trials by the Luftwaffe. Raised and repaired. Transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1947 as HNoMS Polarfront.

Erica

Royal Navy

9 February 1943

Mined and sunk while escorting a convoy in the Mediterranean Sea off Derna, Libya at 32°48′N 21°10′E﻿ / ﻿32.800°N 21.167°E﻿ / 32.800; 21.167. Entire crew rescued by HMSAS Southern Maid.

Fleur de Lys

Royal Navy

14 October 1941

Torpedoed and sunk by U-206 west of Gibraltar at 36°00′N 06°30′W﻿ / ﻿36.000°N 6.500°W﻿ / 36.000; -6.500. There were 3 survivors.

From the given table together with the supplementary paragraphs below.

Answer the following question: What was the flag of the ship that was launched on April 24 , 1940 ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Alysse ( formerly HMS Alyssum ) was one of the nine Flower-class corvettes lent by the Royal Navy to the Free French Naval Forces .
The Free French Naval Forces ( French : Forces Navales Françaises Libres , or FNFL ) were the naval arm of the Free French Forces during the Second World War . They were commanded by Admiral Émile Muselier .
German submarine U-654 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . She was laid down on 1 June 1940 by Howaldtswerke , Hamburg as yard number 803 , launched on 3 May 1941 and commissioned on 5 July 1941 under Korvettenkapitän Hans-Joachim Hesse .
Cape Race is a point of land located at the southeastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland , in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Its name is thought to come from the original Portuguese name for this cape , Raso , meaning flat or low-lying . The Cape appeared on early sixteenth century maps as Cabo Raso and its name may derive from a cape of the same name at the mouth of the Tagus River in Portugal . The cape was the location of the Cape Race LORAN-C transmitter until the system was decommissioned in 2010 . It is also home to the Cape Race Lighthouse , notable for having received the distress call from RMS Titanic .
La Bastiaise was a Flower-class corvette of the French Navy ( Marine nationale ) . The ship was built by the British shipyard Smiths Dock in their Middlesbrough shipyard , and was completed in June 1940 , just before the French Armistice with Germany . She was sunk by a mine on 22 June 1940 during sea trials . The name La Bastiaise was in honour of the inhabitants of the city of Bastia , Corsica .
Hartlepool ( /ˈhɑːrtlɪpuːl/ HART-li-pool ) is a town in County Durham , England . The town lies on the North Sea coast , 7 1⁄2 miles ( 12 km ) north of Middlesbrough and 17 miles ( 27 km ) south of Sunderland . The town is governed as part of the Borough of Hartlepool , a unitary authority which also controls outlying villages such as Seaton Carew , Greatham , Hart Village , Dalton Piercy and Elwick . Hartlepool was founded in the 7th century , around the monastery of Hartlepool Abbey . The village grew in the Middle Ages and its harbour served as the official port of the County Palatine of Durham . After a railway link from the north was established from the South Durham coal fields , an additional link from the south , in 1835 , together with a new port , resulted in further expansion , with the new town of West Hartlepool . England 's Industrialisation and the start of a shipbuilding industry in the later part of the 19th century caused Hartlepool to be a target for the Imperial German Navy at the beginning of the First World War . A bombardment of 1,150 shells on 16 December 1914 resulted in the death of 117 people . A severe decline in heavy industries and shipbuilding following the Second World War caused periods of high unemployment until the 1990s when major investment projects and the redevelopment of the docks area into a marina saw a rise in the town 's prospects .
German submarine U-124 ( nickname Edelweisseboot ) was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She operated in the Atlantic as part of the 2nd U-boat flotilla , both west of Scotland and east of the eastern US coast . She was also present off northern South America . She was sunk with all hands west of Portugal in 1943 .
Saint Pierre and Miquelon , officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon ( French : Collectivité d'outre-mer de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon , IPA : [ sɛ̃.pjɛʁ.e.mi.klɔ̃ ] ) , is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France , situated in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean near the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It is the only part of New France that remains under French control , with an area of 242 square kilometres ( 93 sq mi ) and a population of 6,008 at the March 2016 census . The islands are situated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the entrance of Fortune Bay , which extends into the southwestern coast of Newfoundland , near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . They are 3,819 kilometres ( 2,373 mi ) from Brest , the nearest point in Metropolitan France , and 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) from the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland .
HMS Kempenfelt was a C-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s . A flotilla leader , she saw service in the Home Fleet before World War II and the ship made several deployments to Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War , enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict . Kempenfelt was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) in 1939 and renamed HMCS Assiniboine . During World War II , she served as a convoy escort in the battle of the Atlantic , sinking one German submarine by ramming , on anti-submarine patrols during the invasion of Normandy , and was employed as a troop transport after VE Day for returning Canadian servicemen , before being decommissioned in mid-1945 . Assiniboine was sold for scrap in 1945 , but she ran aground while being towed to the breakers and was not broken up until 1952 .
HMCS Alberni was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) during the Second World War . She served in several theatres of the war . She was sunk in 1944 .
The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ; French : Marine royale canadienne ) is the naval force of Canada . The RCN is one of three environmental ( land - army , sea - navy , and air - air force ) commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2017 [ update ] , The Royal Canadian Navy operates 12 frigates , 4 attack submarines , 12 coastal defence vessels and 8 patrol/training vessels , as well as several auxiliary vessels . The Royal Canadian Navy consists of 8,500 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors , supported by 5,300 civilians . [ a 1 ] Vice-Admiral Art McDonald is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and Chief of the Naval Staff . [ a 2 ] Founded in 1910 as the Naval Service of Canada and given royal sanction on 29 August 1911 , the Royal Canadian Navy was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army to form the unified Canadian Armed Forces in 1968 , after which it was known as Maritime Command until 2011 . In 2011 , its historical title of Royal Canadian Navy was restored . Over the course of its history , the RCN has served in the First and Second World Wars , the Korean War , the Persian Gulf War , the War in Afghanistan and numerous United Nations peacekeeping missions and NATO operations .
U-480 was an experimental Kriegsmarine Type VIIC U-boat of World War II . Considered by many to be the first stealth submarine , it was equipped with a special rubber coating ( codenamed Alberich , after the German mythological character who had the ability to become invisible ) , that made it difficult to detect with British ASDIC ( sonar ) . The U-boat was laid down in the Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 311 on 8 August 1942 , launched on 14 August 1943 and commissioned on 6 October 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Joachim Förster . U-480 carried out three war patrols , all under Förster 's command . Because of its coating , the boat was sent to the heavily defended English Channel . The Alberich worked ; U-480 was never detected by sonar .
The English Channel , [ a ] also called simply the Channel , is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France and links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end . It is the busiest shipping area in the world . It is about 560 km ( 350 mi ) long and varies in width from 240 km ( 150 mi ) at its widest to 34 km ( 21 mi ) in the Strait of Dover . It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe , covering an area of some 75,000 km2 ( 29,000 sq mi ) .
St. Catherine 's Point is the southernmost point on the Isle of Wight . It is close to the village of Niton and the point where the Back of the Wight changes to the Undercliff of Ventnor . On nearby St. Catherine 's Down is St. Catherine 's Oratory , locally known as the Pepperpot , a stone lighthouse built in the 1323 by Walter De Godeton . It is Britain 's oldest medieval lighthouse . Reportedly , de Godeton felt guilty for having scavenged wine , destined for a monastery from the wreck of the St. Marie of Bayonne in Chale Bay . He was ordered , on pain of excommunication , to make amends by building this lighthouse . Fires were lit in the lighthouse tower to warn ships at sea of the presence of the coast . There was an attached chapel at one time , but it has been long demolished . There is a Bronze Age barrow nearby which was excavated in the 1920s . A replacement lighthouse was begun in 1785 . However it was never completed . Locally this half finished building is known as the salt pot .
HMCS Charlottetown was a Flower-class corvette that served the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War . Charlottetown 's pennant number K244 is unique in that it was also used for HMCS Charlottetown , a River-class frigate .
German submarine U-517 was a Type IXC U-boat of the Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft in Hamburg as yard number 313 on 24 September 1940 , launched on 30 December 1941 and commissioned on 21 March 1942 with Kapitänleutnant Paul Hartwig in command . U-517 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 21 March 1942 . She was reassigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 September . She carried out two patrols and sank eight ships . She was sunk by British carrier aircraft in November 1942 .
The Saint Lawrence River ( French : Fleuve Saint-Laurent ; Tuscarora : Kahnawáʼkye ; Mohawk : Kaniatarowanenneh , meaning big waterway ) is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America . The Saint Lawrence River flows in a roughly north-easterly direction , connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean and forming the primary drainage outflow of the Great Lakes Basin . It traverses the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario , and is part of the international boundary between Ontario , Canada , and the U.S. state of New York . This river provides the basis for the commercial Saint Lawrence Seaway .
Cap-Chat is a town in the Canadian province of Québec , in the Regional County Municipality of Haute-Gaspésie , and in the administrative region of Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine . Cap-Chat is found 16 kilometres ( 9.9 mi ) west of Sainte-Anne-des-Monts . As of 2006 [ update ] , Cap-Chat 's population is 2,777 . In addition to Cap-Chat itself , the town 's territory also includes the communities of Cap-Chat-Est , Capucins , and Petit-Fonds .
HMCS Lévis was a Royal Canadian Navy Flower-class corvette which took part in convoy escort duties during the Second World War . She was sunk in 1941 . She was named for Lévis , Quebec .
German submarine U-74 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 5 November 1939 , by Bremer Vulkan of Bremen-Vegesack , Germany as yard number 2 . She was launched on 31 August 1940 and commissioned on 31 October , with Kapitänleutnant ( Kptlt . ) Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat in command until March 1942 , when he was succeeded by Oberleutnant zur See ( Oblt.z.S . ) Karl Friederich , who remained in charge until the U-boat 's loss .
Cape Farewell ( Greenlandic : Nunap Isua ; Danish : Kap Farvel ) is a headland on the southern shore of Egger Island , Nunap Isua Archipelago , Greenland . As the southernmost point of the country , it is one of the important landmarks of Greenland .
HMCS Louisburg was a Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War . She fought mainly as an ocean escort during the Battle of the Atlantic . She was sunk in 1943 . She was named for Louisburg , Nova Scotia .
The Luftwaffe [ N 2 ] ( German pronunciation : [ ˈlʊftvafə ] ( listen ) ) was the aerial warfare branch of the Wehrmacht during World War II . Germany 's military air arms during World War I , the Luftstreitkräfte of the Imperial Army and the Marine-Fliegerabteilung of theImperial Navy had been disbanded in May 1920 as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which stated that Germany was forbidden to have any air force . During the interwar period , German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base in Soviet Union . With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty , the Luftwaffe 's existence was publicly acknowledged on 26 February 1935 , just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German re-armament and conscription would be announced on 16 March . The Condor Legion , a Luftwaffe detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War , provided the force with a valuable testing ground for new tactics and aircraft . Partially as a result of this combat experience , the Luftwaffe had become one of the most sophisticated , technologically advanced , and battle-experienced air forces in the world when World War II broke out in 1939 . By the summer of 1939 , the Luftwaffe had twenty-eight Geschwader ( wings ) . The Luftwaffe also operated Fallschirmjäger paratrooper units . The Luftwaffe proved instrumental in the German victories across Poland and Western Europe in 1939 and 1940 . During the Battle of Britain , however , despite inflicting severe damage to the RAF 's infrastructure and , during the subsequent Blitz , devastating many British cities , the German air force failed to batter the beleaguered British into submission . From 1942 , Allied bombing campaigns gradually destroyed the Luftwaffe 's fighter arm . From late 1942 , the Luftwaffe used its surplus ground support and other personnel to raise Luftwaffe Field Divisions .
Ténès ( Arabic : تنس ; Berber : Tinas ) is a town in Algeria located around 200 kilometers west of the capital Algiers . As of 2000 [ update ] , it has a population of 35,000 people .
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia , on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant . Although the sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean , it is usually referred to as a separate body of water . Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago , the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years ( the Messinian salinity crisis ) before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago . It covers an area of about 2,500,000 km2 ( 970,000 sq mi ) , representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface , but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar - the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa - is only 14 km ( 9 mi ) wide . In oceanography , it is sometimes called the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea or the European Mediterranean Sea to distinguish it from mediterranean seas elsewhere . The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m ( 4,900 ft ) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m ( 17,280 ft ) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea . It lies between latitudes 30° and 46° N and longitudes 6° W and 36° E. Its west-east length , from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Iskenderun , on the southeastern coast of Turkey , is about 4,000 kilometres ( 2,500 mi ) . The sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times , facilitating trade and cultural exchange between peoples of the region . The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies . The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are Spain , France , Monaco , Italy , Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Albania , Greece , Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Egypt , Libya , Tunisia , Algeria , and Morocco ; Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea . In addition , the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia have coastlines on the sea .
HMCS Regina was a Royal Canadian Navy revised Flower-class corvette which took part in convoy escort duties during the Second World War . She fought primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic . She was named for Regina , Saskatchewan .
German submarine U-667 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II . She was laid down on 16 August 1941 by Deutsche Werft , Hamburg as yard number 816 , launched on 29 August 1942 and commissioned on 21 October 1942 under Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Schroeteler .
Trevose Head ( Cornish : Penn Trenfos , meaning farm of the wall 's headland [ citation needed ] ) ( grid reference SW853764 ) is a headland on the Atlantic coast of north Cornwall , United Kingdom . It is situated approximately 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) west of Padstow . The South West Coast Path runs around the whole promontory and is within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the Trevose Head Heritage Coast . In clear weather , visitors to Trevose Head can see virtually the whole length of the north Cornwall coast ; to the north , the view extends beyond the Cornwall county boundary to Hartland Point ( 40 miles ( 64 km ) ) , Devon ; to the south , it extends beyond St Ives to the headland at Pendeen Watch ( 35 miles ( 56 km ) ) .
HMCS Shawinigan was a Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War . She served primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic protecting convoys . She was sunk in 1944 . She was named for Shawinigan , Quebec .
German submarine U-1228 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II .
Cabot Strait ( /ˈkæbət/ ; French : détroit de Cabot , French : [ kabo ] ) is a strait in eastern Canada approximately 110 kilometres wide between Cape Ray , Newfoundland and Cape North , Cape Breton Island . It is the widest of the three outlets for the Gulf of Saint Lawrence into the Atlantic Ocean , the others being the Strait of Belle Isle and Strait of Canso . It is named for the Genoese explorer Giovanni Caboto . The strait 's bathymetry is varied , with the Laurentian Channel creating a deep trench through its centre , and comparatively shallow coastal waters closer to Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island . These bathymetric conditions have been known by mariners to cause rogue waves . The steep slope of the Laurentian Channel was the site of a disastrous submarine landslide at the southeastern end of the strait , triggered by the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake and leading to a tsunami that devastated communities along Newfoundland 's south coast and parts of Cape Breton Island . A strategically important waterway throughout Canadian and Newfoundland history , the strait is also an important international shipping route , being the primary waterway linking the Atlantic with inland ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway . The strait is crossed daily by the Marine Atlantic ferry service linking Channel-Port aux Basques , and North Sydney . Ferries have been operating across the strait since 1898 and a submarine telegraph cable was laid in 1856 as part of the transatlantic telegraph cable project . An infamous location in the strait for shipwrecks during the age of sail , St. Paul 's Island , came to be referred to as the Graveyard of the Gulf ( of St. Lawrence ) . In October 1942 , German U-boat U-69 torpedoed and sank the unlit Newfoundland ferry SS Caribou , killing 137 people . Then on 25 November 1944 HMCS Shawinigan was torpedoed and sunk with all hands on board ( 91 crew ) by U-1228 .
HMCS Spikenard was a Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War . She served primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort . She was named for the Spikenard flower .
German submarine U-136 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down at Vulkan-Vegesackerwerft in Bremen on 2 October 1940 as yard number 15 , launched on 5 July 1941 and commissioned on 30 August with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Zimmermann in command . Her service career began with the commencement of crew training with the 6th U-boat Flotilla on her commissioning date . She became operational on 1 January 1942 , also with the 6th flotilla . She sank five ships , with a total of 23,649 gross register tons ( GRT ) and two warships totalling 1,850 tons . She also damaged one ship of 8,955 GRT .
Convoy SC 67 was the 67th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney , Cape Breton Island to Liverpool . The convoy left Halifax on 30 January 1942 and picked up a tran-Atlantic escort in Newfoundland . This marked the start of the allied end-to-end convoy escort system , which remained in effect until the end of the war . The convoy was found by U-591 on 10 February , and attacked by U-136 of 6th U-boat Flotilla , operating out of St Nazaire . Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 15 February .
Malin Head ( Irish : Cionn Mhálanna ) is located on the Inishowen Peninsula , County Donegal , Ireland and is the most northerly point of mainland Ireland . The northernmost tip is the headland called Dúnalderagh and is located at latitude 55.38ºN . Malin Head gives its name to the Malin sea area . Malin Head encompasses an area north of the Black Mountain , there is no specific point which details the location of Malin Head and the area is peppered with many local place names of Norse and Irish origin . There is a weather station on the head , which is one of 22 such stations whose reports are broadcast as part of the BBC Shipping Forecast . A tower built in 1805 is situated on Altnadarrow also known locally as the Tower hill . Ptolemy 's Geography ( 2nd century AD ) described a point called Βορειον ( Boreion , the northern ) which probably referred to Malin Head . Dúnalderagh at Malin Head is the most northerly point of the Irish mainland . Dúnalderagh is about 16 km ( 10 mi ) north of the village of Malin . The island of Inishtrahull is further north , located approximately 10 km ( 6 mi ) north east of Malin Head . Further north still is the most northerly landfall of Ireland , Tor Beg rock .
HMCS Weyburn was a Royal Canadian Navy Flower-class corvette which took part in convoy escort duties during the Second World War . She fought primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic . She was named for Weyburn , Saskatchewan . She was sunk by mine in 1943 .
Cape Spartel ( Arabic : رأس سبارطيل ; French : Cap Spartel ) is a promontory in Morocco about 1,000 feet ( 300 m ) above sea level at the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar , 12 km West of Tangier . Below the cape are the Caves of Hercules .
HMCS Windflower was a Royal Canadian Navy Flower-class corvette which took part in convoy escort duties in the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War .
The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf . The Grand Banks are one of the world 's richest fishing grounds , supporting Atlantic cod , swordfish , haddock and capelin , as well as shellfish , seabirds and sea mammals .
HMS Abelia was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Navy and was built by Harland and Wolff in 1941 . She was launched on 28 November 1940 , and was fitted for minesweeping . She served in World War II ; her commanding officer for parts of 1943 and 1944 was Lieutenant Orme G. Stuart . On 9 January 1944 Abelia encountered a U-boat while on convoy escort duty , and moved to attack with depth charges . Lieutenant Stuart ordered an increase in speed at 950 yards ( 870 m ) to prevent being torpedoed , not knowing that the U-boat was equipped with T5 torpedoes , for which he would have needed to increase speed at 700 yards ( 640 m ) . Abelia was hit and lost her rudder , and the U-boat escaped . She was sold in 1947 and became the merchant vessel Kraft in 1948 . She was renamed Arne Skontorp in 1954 . She was eventually scrapped in December 1966 .
The Royal Navy ( RN ) is the United Kingdom 's naval warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years ' War against the Kingdom of France . The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest of the UK 's armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . From the middle decades of the 17th century , and through the 18th century , the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy . From the mid 18th century , it was the world 's most powerful navy until the Second World War . The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing the British Empire as the unmatched world power during the 19th and first part of the 20th centuries . Due to this historical prominence , it is common , even among non-Britons , to refer to it as the Royal Navy without qualification . Following World War I , the Royal Navy was significantly reduced in size , although at the onset of World War II it was still the world 's largest . During the Cold War , the Royal Navy transformed into a primarily anti-submarine force , hunting for Soviet submarines and mostly active in the GIUK gap . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union , its focus has returned to expeditionary operations around the world and it remains one of the world 's foremost blue-water navies . However , 21st-century reductions in naval spending have led to a personnel shortage and a reduction in the number of warships . The Royal Navy maintains a fleet of technologically sophisticated ships and submarines including two aircraft carriers , two amphibious transport docks , four ballistic missile submarines ( which maintain the UK 's nuclear deterrent ) , six nuclear fleet submarines , six guided missile destroyers , 13 frigates , 13 mine-countermeasure vessels and 22 patrol vessels .
HMS Arbutus was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Navy , which was active during the Second World War . She was a successful escort vessel , and took part in the destruction of two U-boats during the Battle of the Atlantic . Arbutus was sunk in the North Atlantic in February 1942 .
Erris Head ( Irish : Ceann Iorrais ) is a promontory at the northernmost tip of the Mullet Peninsula , located in the barony of Erris in northwest County Mayo , Ireland . It is a well known and recognised landmark used by mariners and weather forecasters , and is also a scenic viewpoint , with an unobstructed view of the Atlantic Ocean and steep rocky cliffs . It is not served by any road and can only be reached by crossing a number of fields .
German submarine U-575 was a Type VIIC U-boat in service of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She carried out ten patrols , sailing for 463 days and sinking eight ships totalling 36,010 gross register tons ( GRT ) and damaged three others of 29,777 GRT . She was a member of 18 separate wolfpacks and was sunk north of the Azores by Allied ships and aircraft on March 1944 .
Madagascar ( /ˌmædəˈɡæskər , -kɑːr/ ; Malagasy : Madagasikara ) , officially the Republic of Madagascar ( Malagasy : Repoblikan ' i Madagasikara Malagasy pronunciation : [ republiˈkʲan madaɡasˈkʲarə̥ ] ; French : République de Madagascar ) , and previously known as the Malagasy Republic , is an island country in the Indian Ocean , approximately 400 kilometres ( 250 miles ) off the coast of East Africa . At 592,800 square kilometres ( 228,900 sq mi ) Madagascar is the world 's 2nd largest island country . The nation comprises the island of Madagascar ( the fourth- largest island in the world ) and numerous smaller peripheral islands . Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana , Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago , allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation . Consequently , Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot ; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth . The island 's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats . The archaeological evidence of the earliest human foraging on Madagascar may date up to 10,000 years ago . Human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and 550 AD by Indianized Austronesian peoples , arriving on outrigger canoes from Indonesia . The social and religious situation of Indonesia during those times were that of Hinduism and Buddhism , along with native Indonesian culture . These were joined around the 9th century AD by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel from East Africa . Other groups continued to settle on Madagascar over time , each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life . The Malagasy ethnic group is often divided into 18 or more subgroups , of which the largest are the Merina of the central highlands .
HMS Bluebell was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Navy in World War II . Ordered from Fleming & Ferguson of Paisley , Scotland on 27 July 1939 , she was launched on 24 April 1940 and commissioned in July 1940 . She served in the Atlantic , Mediterranean and Arctic campaigns , escorting several convoys to Russia , and also took part in the invasions of Sicily and France . She was torpedoed and sunk by U-711 under the command of Hans-Günther Lange in the Kola Inlet on 17 February 1945 while escorting the convoy RA-64 from Murmansk . Only one member of her crew survived .
German submarine U-711 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . Ordered 7 December 1940 , she was laid down 31 July 1941 and launched 25 June 1942 . She had a relatively brief career from 2 September 1942 till 1 April 1943 as part of a training flotilla , and then went on to active service from 1 April 1943 till 24 April 1943 . During this time she was commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Günther Lange ( who was awarded the Knights Cross ) .
The Kola Peninsula ( Russian : Ко́льский полуо́стров , Kolsky poluostrov ; from Kildin Sami : Куэлнэгк нёаррк , Kuelnegk njoarrk ; Northern Sami : Guoládatnjárga ; Finnish : Kuolan niemimaa ; Norwegian : Kolahalvøya ) is a peninsula in the far northwest of Russia . Constituting the bulk of the territory of Murmansk Oblast , it lies almost completely inside the Arctic Circle and is bordered by the Barents Sea in the north and the White Sea in the east and southeast . The city of Murmansk is the most populous human settlement on the peninsula , with a population of over 300,000 as of the 2010 Census . While the north of the peninsula was already settled in the 7th-5th millennium BCE , the rest of its territory remained uninhabited until the 3rd millennium BCE , when various peoples started to arrive from the south . However , by the 1st millennium CE only the Sami people remained . This changed in the 12th century , when Russian Pomors discovered the peninsula 's game and fish riches . Soon after , the Pomors were followed by the tribute collectors from the Novgorod Republic , and the peninsula gradually became a part of the Novgorodian lands . No permanent settlements , however , were established by the Novgorodians until the 15th century . The Soviet period saw a rapid increase of the population , although most of it remained confined to urbanized territories along the sea coast and the railroads . The Sami people were subject to forced collectivization , including forced relocation to Lovozero and other centralized settlements , and overall the peninsula was heavily industrialized and militarized , largely due to its strategic position and the discovery of the vast apatite deposits in the 1920s . As a result , the ecology of the peninsula suffered major ecological damage , including contamination by military nuclear waste and nickel smelting . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the economy went into decline and the population quickly started to decrease .
HMS Bryony was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Navy and Royal Norwegian Navy .
The Royal Norwegian Navy ( Norwegian : Sjøforsvaret , ( the ) sea defence ) is the branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for naval operations of Norway . As of 2008 [ update ] , the RNoN consists of approximately 3,700 personnel ( 9,450 in mobilized state , 32,000 when fully mobilized ) and 70 vessels , including 4 heavy frigates , 6 submarines , 14 patrol boats , 4 minesweepers , 4 minehunters , 1 mine detection vessel , 4 support vessels and 2 training vessels . It also includes the Coast Guard . This navy has a history dating back to 955 . From 1509 to 1814 , it formed part of the navy of Denmark-Norway , also referred to as the Common Fleet . Since 1814 , the Royal Norwegian Navy has again existed as a separate navy . In Norwegian , all its naval vessels since 1946 bear ship prefix KNM , Kongelig Norske Marine ( which accurately translates to Royal Norwegian Navy/Naval vessel ) . In English , they are permitted still to be ascribed prefix HNoMS , meaning His/Her Norwegian Majesty 's Ship ( HNMS could be also used for the Royal Netherlands Navy , for which HNLMS is used instead ) . Coast Guard vessels are given the prefix KV for KystVakt ( Coast Watch ) in Norwegian and permissibly , and less ambiguously in English , are styled NoCGV , Norwegian Coast Guard Vessel .
Derna ( /ˈdɜːrnə/ ; Arabic : درنة Darnah ) is a port city in eastern Libya . It has a population of 100,000-150,000 . It was the seat of one of the wealthiest provinces in the Barbary States , and remains the capital of the Derna District , with a much smaller area . Derna has a unique environment among Libyan cities , as it lies between green mountains , the Mediterranean Sea , and the desert . The city is also home to people of mixed origins . The city was also the location of the famous Battle of Derna ( 1805 ) , the first victory achieved by the United States Military on foreign soil . Occurring during the First Barbary War , the battle was fought between a force of roughly 500 US Marines and Mediterranean mercenaries and four or five thousand Barbary troops . Parts of the city were taken over by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) militants in October 2014 . In June 2015 Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna defeated ISIL and took control over the town , before being expelled themselves by the Libyan National Army in the Battle of Derna ( 2018 ) .
A naval trawler is a vessel built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes . Naval trawlers were widely used during the First and Second World Wars . Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust boats designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather and had large clear working decks . One could create a mine sweeper simply by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep . Adding depth charge racks on the deck , ASDIC below , and a 3-inch ( 76 mm ) or 4-inch ( 102 mm ) gun in the bow equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties .
German submarine U-206 was a Type VIIC U-boat of the Kriegsmarine during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 17 June 1940 by the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 635 , launched on 5 April 1941 and commissioned on 17 May under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Herbert Opitz . She was possibly sunk in November 1941 by a British-laid minefield .
Gibraltar ( /dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/ jih-BRAWL-tər , Spanish : [ xiβɾalˈtaɾ ] ) is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula . It has an area of 6.7 km2 ( 2.6 sq mi ) and is bordered to the north by Spain . The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated town area , home to over 32,000 people , primarily Gibraltarians . In 1704 , Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne . The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . During World War II it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea , the Strait of Gibraltar , which is only 14.3 km ( 8.9 mi ) wide at this naval choke point . It remains strategically important , with half the world 's seaborne trade passing through the strait . Today Gibraltar 's economy is based largely on tourism , online gambling , financial services and cargo ship refuelling . The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations because Spain asserts a claim to the territory . Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and , in a 2002 referendum , the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected .