List of ship launches in 1944
September
Table:
Date

Ship

Country

Builder

Location

Class / type

Notes

1 September

Alacrity

United Kingdom

Modified Template:Sclass-

1 September

Kenton

United States

California Shipbuilding Corporation

Los Angeles

Template:Sclass-

2 September

Empire Falkland

United Kingdom

Harland & Wolff

Belfast

Refrigerated cargo liner

For Ministry of War Transport

2 September

Robert E. Clarkson

United States

Todd Houston Shipbuilding Corporation

Houston, Texas

Liberty ship

2 September

I-202

Japan

Kure Naval Arsenal

Kure, Hiroshima

I-201-class submarine

For Imperial Japanese Navy

2 September

Sandoval

United States

Kaiser Company

Vancouver, Washington

Template:Sclass-

3 September

Tucson

United States

Bethlehem Steel Corporation

San Francisco

Template:Sclass-

4 September

Empire Asquith

United Kingdom

Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd

Newcastle upon Tyne

Cargo ship

For Ministry of War Transport

4 September

Anna Dickinson

United States

St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company

Jacksonville, Florida

Liberty ship

4 September

Benjamin Peixotto

United States

Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards

Baltimore

Liberty ship

4 September

Lanier

United States

California Shipbuilding Corporation

Los Angeles

Template:Sclass-

4 September

U 3007

Nazi Germany

AG Weser

Bremen

Type XXI submarine

For Kriegsmarine

5 September

Irving Babbitt

United States

Todd Houston Shipbuilding Corporation

Houston, Texas

Liberty ship

5 September

Empire Alfred

United Kingdom

J S Watson Ltd

Gainsborough

Tug

For Ministry of War Transport

6 September

Benjamin F. Coston

United States

J. A. Jones Construction Company

Panama City, Florida

Liberty ship

6 September

Missoula

United States

Permanente Metals, #2 Yard

Richmond, California

Template:Sclass-

7 September

Jonas Lie

United States

Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation

Savannah, Georgia

Liberty ship

7 September

Empire Polly

United Kingdom

William Simons & Co Ltd

Renfrew

Hopper dredger

For Ministry of War Transport

7 September

U 2512

Nazi Germany

Blohm + Voss

Hamburg

Type XXI submarine

For Kriegsmarine

8 September

Ferdinand Gagnon

United States

New England Shipbuilding Company

South Portland, Maine

Liberty ship

Drawing on the given table plus the context paragraphs provided.

Give the answer to the question: What is the population of the country that launched the Missoula ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

HMS Alacrity was a modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy . She was built for service as a convoy escort during the Second World War , but was completed too late to see action . She did subsequently take part in the Korean War between 1950 and 1952 . She was scrapped in 1956 .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
The Black Swan class and Modified Black Swan class were two classes of sloop of the Royal Navy and Royal Indian Navy . Twelve Black Swans were launched between 1939 and 1943 , including four for the Royal Indian Navy ; twenty-five Modified Black Swans were launched between 1942 and 1945 , including two for the Royal Indian Navy ; several other ships were cancelled .
USS Kenton ( APA-122 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport of the US Navy . She was built and used during World War II . She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type . She was named for Kenton County , Kentucky .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
California Shipbuilding Corporation built 467 Liberty and Victory ships during World War II , including Haskell-class attack transports . California Shipbuilding Corporation was often referred to as Calship . The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships sometimes refers to this shipyard as California Shipbuilding Co. , but Co [ mpany ] appears to be an error . The Calship shipyard was created at Terminal Island in Los Angeles , California , United States as part of America 's massive shipbuilding effort of World War II . W. A. Bechtel Co. was given sponsorship and executive direction of Calship . As of 1940 , Los Angeles shipyards had not built a large ship in 20 years . By late 1941 though , shipbuilding had become the second largest manufacturing industry in the Los Angeles area . Calship was created from scratch and began production of Liberty Ships in May 1941 . In the early 1940s , contracts from the U.S.Department of Maritime Commission and a number of U.S. Navy contracts led to prosperity shipbuilding business in Los Angeles . The yard was located on 175 acres on the north side of Terminal Island , north of Dock Street , near present-day berths 210-213 . It initially had 8 ways , and later increased this to 14 . 40,000 men and women worked under the military contract to construction of 467 vessels over 5 years .
Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood .
Haskell-class attack transports ( APA ) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944 . They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment , and land them on hostile shores with the ships ' integral landing craft . The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations , landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa . Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II , landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka . After the end of World War II , most participated in Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States . A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War , with some staying in service into the Vietnam War . The Haskell class , Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5 , is a sub - type of the World War II Victory ship design . 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945 , with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled . Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program .
Stirlingshire was a 7,067 GRT refrigerated cargo liner that was built in 1944 by Harland & Wolff Ltd , Belfast , United Kingdom as Empire Falkland for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT . She was sold into merchant service in 1946 and renamed Stirlingshire . She served until 1966 , when she was scrapped .
Harland & Wolff Heavy Industries is a heavy industrial company , specialising in ship repair , conversion , and offshore construction , located in Belfast , Northern Ireland . Harland & Wolff is famous for having built the majority of the ships intended for the White Star Line . Well known ships built by Harland & Wolff include the Olympic-class trio : RMS Titanic , RMS Olympic and RMS Britannic , the Royal Navy 's HMS Belfast , Royal Mail Line 's Andes , Shaw Savill 's Southern Cross , Union-Castle 's RMS Pendennis Castle , and P & O 's Canberra . Harland and Wolff 's official history , Shipbuilders to the World , was published in 1986 . As of 2011 , the expanding offshore wind power industry had been the prime focus , and 75% of the company 's work was based on offshore renewable energy .
Belfast ( /ˈbɛlfɑːst/ BEL-fahst ; from Irish : Béal Feirste , meaning mouth of the sand-bank ford , Irish pronunciation : [ bʲeːlˠ ˈfʲɛɾˠ ( ə ) ʃtʲə ] ) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland , standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast of Northern Ireland . It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest on the island of Ireland . It had a population of 333,871 as of 2015 [ update ] . Belfast suffered greatly in the Troubles : in the 1970s and 1980s it was reported to be one of the world 's most dangerous cities , with a homicide rate around 31 per 100,000 . By the early 19th century , Belfast became a major port . It played a key role in the Industrial Revolution , becoming the biggest linen-producer in the world , earning it the nickname Linenopolis . By the time it was granted city status in 1888 , it was a major centre of Irish linen production , tobacco-processing and rope-making . Shipbuilding was also a key industry ; the Harland and Wolff shipyard , which built the RMS Titanic , was the world 's biggest shipyard . Belfast as of 2019 [ update ] has a major aerospace and missiles industry . Industrialisation , and the inward migration it brought , made Belfast Northern Ireland 's biggest city and it became the capital of Northern Ireland following the Partition of Ireland in 1922 . Its status as a global industrial centre ended in the decades after the Second World War of 1939-1945 . Belfast is still a major port , with commercial and industrial docks , including the Harland and Wolff shipyard , dominating the Belfast Lough shoreline .
A reefer ship is a refrigerated cargo ship , typically used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature-controlled transportation , such as fruit , meat , fish , vegetables , dairy products and other foods .
A cargo liner , also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman , is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers . They became common just after the middle of the 19th century , and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century .
Vigor Shipyards ( formerly Todd Shipyards ) was founded in 1916 as the William H. Todd Corporation through the merger of Robins Dry Dock & Repair Company of Erie Basin , Brooklyn , New York , the Tietjen & Long Dry Dock Company of Hoboken , New Jersey , and the Seattle Construction and Dry Dock Company . The Seattle shipyard could trace its history back to 1882 , when Robert Moran opened a marine repair shop at Yesler 's Wharf . This shop became the Moran Brothers Shipyard in 1906 and the Seattle Construction & Dry Dock Company at the end of 1911 . The shipyard has performed building and maintenance work for , among others , the U.S. and Royal Australian Navies , the United States Coast Guard , and the Washington State Ferries . Its headquarters and operations are on Harbor Island at the mouth of Seattle 's Duwamish Waterway . Todd ranked 26th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts . The 105-foot-long ( 32 m ) hull of Disneyland 's Mark Twain riverboat was built at Todd Shipyards in San Pedro , California , in 1955 . Frank Sinatra worked after high school as a rivet catcher . In February 2011 , Vigor Industrial purchased Todd for US $ 130 million . This included the Seattle , Everett and Bremerton operations . Today , Vigor Shipyards is a government repair subsidiary of Vigor Industrial . Originally , the Coast Guard wanted to acquire 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters ( OPC ) and spend about $ 8 billion for them .
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/ ( listen ) HEW-stən ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas , fourth most populous city in the United States , most populous city in the Southern United States , as well as the sixth most populous in North America , with an estimated 2018 population of 2,325,502 . Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico , it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area , which is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , with a population of 6,997,384 in 2018 . Comprising a total area of 637.4 square miles ( 1,651 km2 ) , Houston is the eighth most expansive city in the United States ( including consolidated city-counties ) . It is the largest city in the United States by total area , whose government is not consolidated with that of a county , parish or borough . Though primarily in Harris County , small portions of the city extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties , bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston such as Sugar Land and The Woodlands . The city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30 , 1836 , at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou ( a point now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city is named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas ' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of Allen 's Landing . After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s , Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century . The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston , including a burgeoning port and railroad industry , the decline of Galveston as Texas ' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane , the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel , and the Texas oil boom . In the mid-20th century , Houston 's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center - the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions - and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located . Houston 's economy since the late 19th century has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in healthcare sectors and building oilfield equipment , Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits ( after New York City ) .
Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .
I-202 was one of only three I-201-class submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy to be completed during World War II . The I-201 class were of advanced design , and had been built for high underwater speed . They were the fastest operational submarines built during World War II , surpassing even the German Type XXI submarines .
Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) .
Kure Naval Arsenal ( 呉海軍工廠 , Kure Kaigun Kosho ) was one of four principal naval shipyards owned and operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy .
Kure ( 呉市 , Kure-shi ) is a port and major shipbuilding city situated on the Seto Inland Sea in Hiroshima Prefecture , Japan . With a strong industrial heritage , Kure hosts the second-oldest naval dockyard in Japan and remains an important base for the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force ( JMSDF ) . As of 1 May 2015 [ update ] , the city has an estimated population of 228,030 and a population density of 646 persons per km² . The total area is 352.80 km² . [ citation needed ]
The I-201-class submarines ( 伊二百一型潜水艦 , I-ni-hyaku-ichi-gata sensuikan ) were submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . These submarines were of advanced design , built for high underwater speed , and were known as Sentaka-Dai type submarine ( 潜高大型潜水艦 , Sen-Taka-Dai-gata sensuikan , Submarine High speed-Large type ) or Sentaka type submarine ( 潜高型潜水艦 , Sen-Taka-gata sensuikan , Submarine High speed type ) . The type name , was shortened to Suichū Kōsoku Sensuikan Ō-gata ( 水中高速潜水艦大型 , Underwater High speed Submarine Large type ) . They were one of the fastest submarine class built during World War II , second only to Walter Type XVII closed-cycle powered submarines . Twenty-three units were ordered from the Kure Navy Yard under the 1943 construction program . Due to the deteriorating war situation , only eight boats were laid down , and only three , numbered I-201 , I-202 and I-203 , were completed before the end of the war . None of them saw operational use .
USS Sandoval ( APA-194/LPA-194 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas .
The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II . Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts . The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company , a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser ( 1882-1967 ) , who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping . Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond , California , and were called the Richmond Shipyards . Three other shipyards were located in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia and Willamette rivers : the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and the Swan Island Shipyard in Portland , Oregon , and the Vancouver Shipyard in Vancouver , Washington . Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of ship building , which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships , 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction . Kaiser 's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards . Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks , and one in less than five days . Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war . The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25 , 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Richmond .
Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington . It is the largest suburb of Portland , Oregon . Incorporated in 1857 , Vancouver had a population of 161,791 as of the 2010 U.S. census , making it the fourth-largest city in Washington state . Vancouver is the county seat of Clark County and forms part of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area , the 23rd largest metropolitan area in the United States . Originally established in 1825 around Fort Vancouver , a fur-trading outpost , the city is located on the Washington/Oregon border along the Columbia River , directly north of Portland . In 2005 , Money magazine named it No . 91 on its list of best places in America to live . In 2016 , WalletHub ranked Vancouver the 89th best place in the U.S. for families to live .
USS Tucson ( CL-98 ) was a modified Atlanta-class light cruiser , sometimes referred to as an Oakland-class . She was laid down on 23 December 1942 in San Francisco , California by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation ; launched on 3 September 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs. Emmett S. Claunch , Sr. ; and commissioned on 3 February 1945 , Captain Arthur D. Ayrault in command . She was named after Tucson , Arizona .
The Bethlehem Steel Corporation was an American steel and shipbuilding company that for much of the 20th century was one of the world 's largest steel producer and shipbuilding companies . The company 's roots trace to 1857 with the establishment of the Bethlehem Iron Company . Bethlehem Steel was formed in 1904 through the merger of the earlier companies , and existed through the decline of American steel manufacturing during the 1970s until its final bankruptcy in 2001 . The Bethlehem Steel Company became the primary subsidiary company of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in 1904 . The Bethlehem Steel Company is the first Bethlehem Steel while the Bethlehem Steel Corporation is the second Bethlehem Steel ; both companies existed simultaneously after 1904 , but the Bethlehem Steel Company was eventually merged into the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in the 1960s . After a decline in the American steel industry and other problems leading to the company 's bankruptcy in 2001 , the Bethlehem Steel Corporation was dissolved and the remaining assets sold to International Steel Group in 2003 ; Bethlehem Steel Corporation did not merge with/into International Steel Group . The Bethlehem Steel Corporation ( using the Bethlehem Steel Company ) and the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , which was also a Bethlehem Steel Corporation subsidiary , were two of the most powerful symbols of American industrial manufacturing leadership . Their demise is often cited [ by whom ? ] as one of the most prominent examples of the U.S. economy 's shift away from industrial manufacturing , its failure to compete with global competition , and management 's penchant for short-term profits .
San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi .
The Atlanta-class cruisers were eight United States Navy light cruisers designed as fast scout cruisers or flotilla leaders but that proved to be effective anti-aircraft cruisers during World War II . They were also known as the Atlanta-Oakland class . The four Oakland and later ships had slightly different armament as they were further optimized for anti-aircraft fire . The Atlanta class had 12 x 5-inch ( 127 mm ) /38 caliber guns , mounted in three superfiring sets of two-gun turrets fore and three more aft . The first four ships of the class also had an additional two twin 5-inch/38 mounts , one port and one starboard , giving these first four Atlanta-class cruisers the heaviest anti-aircraft armament of any cruiser of World War II . The Atlanta class saw heavy action during World War II , collectively earning 54 battle stars . Two ships of the class were sunk in action : Atlanta and Juneau , both at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal . The other six were decommissioned shortly after the war and were scrapped in the 1960s .
Empire Asquith was a 7,082 ton cargo ship which was built in 1944 . In 1947 she was sold and renamed Brockley Hill . Further name changes were Starcrest in 1951 , Argosy in 1957 and Nezihi Ipar in 1960 . She was scrapped in 1970 .
Newcastle upon Tyne ( /ˌnjuːkɑːsəl -/ , locally /njuːˌkæsəl -/ ( listen ) ) , commonly known as Newcastle , is a city in Tyne and Wear , North East England , 103 miles ( 166 km ) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles ( 446 km ) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne , 8.5 mi ( 13.7 km ) from the North Sea . Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East , and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation , the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Newcastle is a member of the UK Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities . Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400 , when it became a county of itself , a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974 . The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie . Newcastle also houses Newcastle University , a member of the Russell Group , as well as Northumbria University . The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose , William the Conqueror 's eldest son . The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century , and later became a major coal mining area . The port developed in the 16th century and , along with the shipyards lower down the River Tyne , was amongst the world 's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres . Newcastle 's economy includes corporate headquarters , learning , digital technology , retail , tourism and cultural centres , from which the city contributes £13 billion towards the United Kingdom 's GVA . Among its icons are Newcastle United football club and the Tyne Bridge . Since 1981 the city has hosted the Great North Run , a half marathon which attracts over 57,000 runners each year .
A cargo ship or freighter is a merchant ship that carries cargo , goods , and materials from one port to another . Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world 's seas and oceans each year , handling the bulk of international trade . Cargo ships are usually specially designed for the task , often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload , and come in all sizes . Today , they are almost always built by welded steel , and with some exceptions generally have a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years before being scrapped . [ better source needed ]
SS Anna Dickinson was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Anna Dickinson , an American orator and lecturer . An advocate for the abolition of slavery and for women 's rights , Dickinson was the first woman to give a political address before the United States Congress .
The St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company was created in Jacksonville , Florida , during World War II to build Liberty ships .
Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States , and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . It is the seat of Duval County , with which the city government consolidated in 1968 . Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits . As of 2018 , Jacksonville 's population was estimated to be 903,889 . The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida . Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 km ) north of Miami . The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast . The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people , and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline , one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States . Under British rule , a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed , known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British . A platted town was established there in 1822 , a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson , the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States . Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port . Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport , Naval Air Station Jacksonville , the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command , and the Port of Jacksonville , Florida 's third largest seaport .
Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , acquired the San Francisco shipyard Union Iron Works . In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Limited . Headquarters were in Quincy , Massachusetts , after acquiring the Fore River Shipyard in 1913 , and later in Sparrows Point , Maryland , southeast of Baltimore , Maryland , in formerly rural/now suburban Baltimore County , ( acquired 1916 ) , in 1964 . In 1940 , it was number 1 of the Big Three U.S. shipbuilders who could build any ship . Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock and New York Shipbuilding Corporation ( New York Ship ) were # 2 and # 3 . Bethlehem had 4 yards in early 1940 : Fore River , Sparrows Point , San Francisco , and Staten Island . Bethlehem expanded during World War II as a result of the Emergency Shipbuilding program administered under the United States Maritime Commission . The Quincy / Fore River yard was later sold to General Dynamics Corporation in the mid-1960s , and closed in 1986 . The Alameda Works Shipyard in California was closed by Bethlehem Steel in the early 1970s , while the San Francisco facility ( former Union Iron Works ) was sold to British Aerospace in the mid-1990s and survives today as BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair . Bethlehem Steel ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steel making operations .
Baltimore ( /ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or , locally : /ˈbɔːlmər/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States , with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country . Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729 . As of 2017 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million , making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country . Baltimore is located about 40 miles ( 64 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. , making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the fourth-largest CSA in the nation , with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063 . The city 's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States . In addition , Baltimore was a major manufacturing center . After a decline in major manufacturing , heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital ( founded 1889 ) and Johns Hopkins University ( founded 1876 ) are the city 's top two employers . With hundreds of identified districts , Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods . Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe , Edith Hamilton , Frederick Douglass , W.E.B . Du Bois , Ogden Nash , Gertrude Stein , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Dashiell Hammett , Upton Sinclair , Tom Clancy , Ta-Nehisi Coates , and H. L. Mencken ; musicians James Eubie Blake , Billie Holiday , Cab Calloway , Tori Amos , Frank Zappa , Tupac Shakur , Dan Deacon , Robbie Basho , Bill Frisell , Philip Glass , Cass Elliot , and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters , Barry Levinson , Divine , David Hasselhoff , Don Messick , John Kassir , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Mo'Nique ; artist Jeff Koons ; baseball player Babe Ruth ; swimmer Michael Phelps ; radio host Ira Glass ; television host Mike Rowe ; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall ; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi ; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson . During the War of 1812 , Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry .
USS Lanier ( APA-125 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport of the US Navy . She was built during World War II and served in the Pacific Theater , seeing combat during the Battle of Okinawa . She was a Victory ship design type . Lanier was named for Lanier County , Georgia , which was named for poet Sidney Lanier .
Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy .
Aktien-Gesellschaft „ Weser ( abbreviated A.G. „ Weser ) was one of the major German shipbuilding companies , located at the Weser River in Bremen . Founded in 1872 it was finally closed in 1983 . Altogether , A.G. „ Weser built about 1,400 ships of different types , including many warships . A.G. „ Weser was the leading company in the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG , a cooperation of eight German shipbuilding companies between 1926 and 1945 .
Type XXI submarines were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot ( German : electric boat ) submarines designed during the Second World War . One hundred and eighteen were completed , with four being combat ready . During the war only two were put into active service and went on patrols , but these were not used in combat . They were the first submarines designed to operate primarily submerged , rather than spending most of their time as surface ships that could submerge for brief periods as a means to escape detection . They incorporated many batteries to increase the time they could spend submerged , to as much as several days , and they only needed to surface to periscope depth for recharging via a snorkel . The design included many general improvements as well : much greater underwater speed by an improved hull design , greatly improved diving times , power-assisted torpedo reloading and greatly improved crew accommodations . However , the design was also flawed in many ways , with the submarines being mechanically unreliable and vulnerable to combat damage . The Type XXI submarines were also rushed into production before design work was complete , and the inexperienced facilities which constructed the boats were unable to meet necessary quality standards . After the war , several navies obtained XXIs and operated them for decades in various roles and large navies introduced new submarine designs based on them . These include the Soviet Whiskey , US Tang , UK Porpoise and Swedish Hajen classes , all based on the Type XXI design to some extent .
Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .
Gainsborough is a town in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the town was 20,842 at the 2011 census . It is situated on the River Trent , 18 miles ( 29 km ) north-west from the city and county town of Lincoln , 15 miles ( 24 km ) south-west of Scunthorpe , and 35 miles ( 56 km ) east of Sheffield . At one time it served as an important port with trade downstream to Hull , and was the most inland port in England , being more than 55 miles ( 90 km ) from the North Sea .
A tugboat or tug is a type of vessel that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them either by direct contact or by means of a tow line . Tugs typically move vessels that either are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own , such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal , or those that can not move by themselves , such as barges , disabled ships , log rafts , or oil platforms . Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built , and some are ocean-going . Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats . Early tugboats had steam engines , but today most have diesel engines . Many tugboats have firefighting monitors , allowing them to assist in firefighting , especially in harbors .
SS Benjamin F. Coston was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Benjamin F. Coston , a US Navy officer and scientist . Coston was the chief scientist at the Washington Navy Yard , and is credited with inventing the Coston Signal Flare .
J.A . Jones Construction was a heavy construction company headquartered in Charlotte , North Carolina . Operating internationally since the 1950s , it merged with Germany 's Philipp Holzmann AG in 1979 . In 2003 the company ceased operations due to the failure of its parent company .
Panama City is a city and the county seat of Bay County , Florida , United States . Located along U.S. Route 98 , it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola . It is the more populated of two principal cities of the Panama City-Lynn Haven , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 36,484 . The city was catastrophically damaged when Hurricane Michael made landfall as a Category 5 hurricane on October 10 , 2018 . When Panama City was incorporated in 1909 , its original city limits were 15th Street ( Hwy 98 ) on the north , Balboa Avenue on the west and Bay Avenue on the east .
USS Missoula ( APA-211 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport that saw service with the US Navy in World War II . She was a Victory ship design , VC2-S-AP5 . She was named after Missoula County , Montana , United States , and was the second ship to bear the name USS Missoula .
Permanente Metals Corporation ( PMC ) is best known for having managed the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond , California , owned by one of industrialist Henry J. Kaiser 's many corporations , and also engaged in related corporate activities . These four of the seven west coast Kaiser Shipyards were known for their construction of Liberty ships and later Victory ships . The company was originally a major producer of magnesium during World War II and derives its name from the Permanente Creek in Santa Clara County , California where mining operations commenced in the early 1930s . To make use of its major product , powdered magnesium , PMC also developed and supplied an incendiary bomb mixture of magnesium powder , asphalt , gasoline and others components ( known as goop , with similar characteristics to napalm ) ; 17,000 short tons of goop-filled bombs were used in World War II ( approximately eight percent of the total tonnage of incendiaries that were dropped during that conflict ) . Permanente ranked 42nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts .
The four Richmond Shipyards , located in the city of Richmond , California , United States , were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards . During World War II , Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard , turning out as many as three ships in a single day . The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park , whose the Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard # 2 . Shipyard # 3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city .
The Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation was formed in Savannah , Georgia , during World War II to build Liberty ships .
Savannah ( /səˈvænə/ ) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County . Established in 1733 on the Savannah River , the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia . A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War , Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport . It is Georgia 's fifth-largest city , with a 2018 estimated population of 145,862 . The Savannah metropolitan area , Georgia 's third-largest , had an estimated population of 389,494 in 2018 . Each year Savannah attracts millions of visitors to its cobblestone streets , parks , and notable historic buildings . These buildings include the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low ( founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA ) , the Georgia Historical Society ( the oldest continually operating historical society in the South ) , the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences ( one of the South 's first public museums ) , the First African Baptist Church ( one of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States ) , Temple Mickve Israel ( the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S. ) , and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex ( the oldest standing antebellum rail facility in the U.S. ) . Savannah 's downtown area , which includes the Savannah Historic District , the Savannah Victorian Historic District , and 22 parklike squares , is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States ( designated by the U.S. government in 1966 ) . [ a ] Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town plan prescribed by founder James Oglethorpe ( a design now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) . Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta .
Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .
Renfrew ( /ˈrɛnfruː/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Rinn Friù ) is a town 6 miles ( 10 km ) west of Glasgow in the west central Lowlands of Scotland . It is the historic county town of Renfrewshire . Called the Cradle of the Royal Stewarts for its early link with Scotland 's former royal house , Renfrew gained royal burgh status in 1397 . As the county town , Renfrew once was a centre of local government for the surrounding area . Whilst the county remained known as Renfrewshire , the focus of local government gradually shifted from Renfrew to its larger neighbour Paisley . Following the reorganisation of 1996 , Renfrewshire was divided for local government purposes into three modern council areas : Renfrewshire , with considerably smaller boundaries than the old county , including Renfrew and with its administrative centre at Paisley ; Inverclyde with its centre at Greenock , covering the western part of the county ; and East Renfrewshire , with its centre at Giffnock . The boundaries of the historic County of Renfrew remain for a number of ceremonial and administrative purposes . The House of Stewart was previously based out of the former Renfrew Castle . In 1164 , it was the site of the Battle of Renfrew , a decisive victory for the Scottish crown over Somerled , Lord of the Isles . Given its link to the monarchy and the victory at Renfrew , the heir to the British throne holds the title of Baron Renfrew and Lord of the Isles , the current holder being Prince Charles , Duke of Rothesay . Renfrew 's historic industries include shipbuilding , given its position on the River Clyde and River Cart , and engineering . Today it primarily contains service sector businesses , including the nearby Braehead retail and leisure centre , built in 1999 , which has resulted in the expansion of the town along Renfrew 's riverside .
Dredging is the operation of excavating material from a water environment ( sometimes temporarily created ) for the purpose of improving existing water features ; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage , navigability , and commercial use ; construct dams , dikes , and other controls for streams and shorelines ; and to recover valuable mineral deposits or marine life having commercial value . In all but a few situations the excavation is undertaken by a specialist floating plant , known as a dredger . Dredging is carried out in many different locations and for many different purposes , but the main objectives are usually to recover material of value or use , or to create a greater depth of water . All dredges can generally be classified as suction or mechanical .
Blohm+Voss ( B+V ) , also written historically as Blohm & Voss , Blohm und Voß etc. , is a German shipbuilding and engineering company . Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships , its most famous product is the World War II battleship Bismarck . In the 1930s its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which , shortly before the outbreak of World War II , adopted the name of its parent company . Following a difficult period after the war , B+V revived its fortunes by becoming a public company under a change of ownership . In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and continues to supply both the military and civil markets . The company also carries out related activities , managing a dockyard in Hamburg and undertaking maintenance and repair of large cruise ships . Since the acquisition , it has been concentrated in three areas : warships ( new construction ) , cruise ships and merchants ( repairs ) and yacht refitting . The company has been in operation , building ships and other large machinery , almost continuously for 143 years .
Five of the British Ocean ships , hulls 19-24 Ocean Wayfarer , Ocean Stranger , Ocean Traveller , Ocean Seaman , and Ocean Gallant , were launched along with two destroyers , USS Conway and USS Cony , and the Liberty Ship SS Natasha Allen at a record breaking mass launching on August 16 , 1942 . The ships were launched and they raced to see which one was the fastest ; Natasha Allen won . At the peak of production , the yards employed 30,000 people .
South Portland is a city in Cumberland County , Maine , United States , and is the fourth-largest city in the state , incorporated in 1898 . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 25,002 . Known for its working waterfront , South Portland is situated on Portland Harbor and overlooks the skyline of Portland and the islands of Casco Bay . Due to South Portland 's close proximity to air , marine , rail , and highway transportation options , the city has become a center for retail and industry in the region . Despite the name , South Portland was never part of the city of Portland , but rather part of Cape Elizabeth . It broke off in 1895 . However , both Cape Elizabeth and Portland were once part of Falmouth . Cape Elizabeth , then including what later became South Portland , broke away from Falmouth in 1765 . South Portland is a principal city of the Portland - South Portland - Biddeford metropolitan area .