List of World War II films
Films made during the War of Ethiopia and the Sino-Japanese War -- 1938
Table:
Country

Main title
(Alternative titles)

Original title
(Original script)

Director

Battles, campaigns, events depicted

Japan

Chocolate and Soldiers

Chocolate to heitai (チョコレートと兵隊)

Takeshi Sato

Japanese Army soldier's battlefield letters with chocolate wrappers sent to son while fighting in China

Soviet Union

Concentration Camp (Bog Soldiers / Soldiers of the Swamp)

Bolotnye soldaty (Болотные солдаты)

Aleksandr Macheret

Nazi concentration camp guards attempt to break spirits of Communists

China

The Eight Hundred Heroes

Bā bǎi zhuàngshì (八百壮士)

Ying Yunwei

Defense of Sihang Warehouse

France

It Happened in Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Fedor Ozep

British officer in Gibraltar pretends to be traitor

Japan

Invisible Invader

Sugata-naki shinnyūsha (姿無き侵入者)

Shuzo Fukuda

Foreign spies in Japan pretend to be travelers

Italy

Luciano Serra, Pilot

Luciano Serra pilota

Goffredo Alessandrini

Italo-Abyssinian War

Korea

Military Train

Gun'yō ressha (軍用列車)
Gun-yong-yeolcha (군용열차)

Gwang-je Seo

A Korean train conductor is involved in espionage on a Japanese military train

Japan

A Pay by the Wayside (Five Scouts)

Gonin no sekkôhei (五人の斥候兵)

Tomotaka Tasaka

Five Japanese Army soldiers on reconnaissance mission behind Chinese lines

Japan

The Road to Peace in the Orient

Tōyō heiwa no michi (東洋平和の道)

Shigeyoshi Suzuki

Chinese farmers overcame their distrust of Japan after being helped by Japanese soldiers

France

The Shanghai Drama

Le drame de Shanghaï

Georg Wilhelm Pabst

Japanese Black Dragon agents in Shanghai

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Chocolate and Soldiers ( チョコレートと兵隊 , Chokorēto to Heitai ) is a 1938 Japanese war film directed by Sato Takeshi . It shows the common Japanese soldier as an individual and as a family man , presenting even enemy Chinese soldiers as brave individuals . It is considered to be a humanist film , paying close attention to the human feelings of both the soldier and his family .
The Imperial Japanese Army ( Japanese : 大日本帝国陸軍 , Hepburn : Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun , Army of the Greater Japanese Empire ) was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945 . It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army , both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor of Japan as supreme commander of the army and the navy . Later an Inspectorate General of Aviation became the third agency with oversight of the army . During wartime or national emergencies , the nominal command functions of the emperor would be centralized in an Imperial General Headquarters ( IGHQ ) , an ad-hoc body consisting of the chief and vice chief of the Army General Staff , the Minister of the Army , the chief and vice chief of the Naval General Staff , the Inspector General of Aviation , and the Inspector General of Military Training .
Communism ( from Latin communis , common , universal ) is a philosophical , social , political and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of a communist society , namely a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes , money and the state . Communism includes a variety of schools of thought which broadly include Marxism and anarchism ( especially anarcho-communism ) as well as the political ideologies grouped around both . All of these share the analysis that the current order of society stems from its economic system and mode of production , capitalism ; that in this system there are two major social classes ; that conflict between these two classes is the root of all problems in society ; and that this situation will ultimately be resolved through a social revolution . The two classes are the proletariat ( the working class ) - who must work to survive and who make up the majority within society - and the bourgeoisie ( the capitalist class ) - a minority who derives profit from employing the working class through private ownership of the means of production . According to this analysis , revolution would put the working class in power and in turn establish social ownership of the means of production which is the primary element in the transformation of society towards communism . Along with social democracy , communism became the dominant political tendency within the international socialist movement by the 1920s . While the emergence of the Soviet Union as the world 's first nominally communist state led to communism 's widespread association with the Soviet economic model and Marxism-Leninism , some economists and intellectuals argued that in practice the model functioned as a form of state capitalism , or a non-planned administrative or command economy .
The defense of Sihang Warehouse took place from October 26 to November 1 , 1937 , and marked the beginning of the end of the three-month Battle of Shanghai in the opening phase of the Second Sino-Japanese War . Defenders of the warehouse held out against numerous waves of Japanese forces and covered Chinese forces retreating west during the Battle of Shanghai . The successful defense of the warehouse provided a morale-lifting consolation to the Chinese army and people in the demoralizing aftermath of the Japanese invasion of Shanghai . [ citation needed ] The warehouse 's location just across the Suzhou Creek from the foreign concessions in Shanghai meant the battle took place in full view of the western powers . It was across from the foreign concessions in Shanghai , and the Japanese did not dare to call naval artillery strikes on the area , since a stray shot might land in the concessions and provoke an incident with the Europeans and Americans , whom the Japanese wanted to keep out of the war . Moreover , the Japanese dared not use mustard gas here as they did elsewhere in Shanghai , [ citation needed ] in full view of the foreign powers . This proximity drew the attention , if only briefly , of the international community to Chiang Kai-shek 's bid for worldwide support against Japanese aggression . [ citation needed ] In Chinese , the 423 defenders are known as the Eight Hundred Heroes , because commander Xie Jinyuan not wanting to reveal their true strength to the Japanese , provided an exaggerated number to girl guide Yang Huimin to announce to the public .
Ying Yunwei ( 7 September 1904 - 17 January 1967 ) born in Shanghai , was a Chinese director and writer .
Gibraltar is a 1938 French thriller film directed by Fedor Ozep and starring Viviane Romance , Roger Duchesne , Abel Jacquin and Erich von Stroheim . It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris , with location shooting taking place in Gibraltar itself despite the Spanish Civil War being fought across the border . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Georges Wakhévitch . The plot concerns a British officer stationed in Gibraltar who goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of hostile agents .
Fedor Ozep or Fyodor Otsep ( Russian : Фёдор Александрович Оцеп , Fyodor Aleksandrovich Otsep ; February 9 , 1895 - June 20 , 1949 ) was a Russian-American film director and screenwriter , born in Moscow . An important early writer on film and film theory , he served as dramaturge for the Mezhrabpomfilm-Rus company and wrote a number of films for directors such as V.I . Pudovkin and Yakov Protazanov before turning to directing in 1926 . During the production of The Living Corpse in Germany , he decided to remain and worked throughout Europe during the 1930s , enjoying international acclaim for films including The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov and Amok . With the advent of World War II he moved to Hollywood but was unable to establish a career there , directing only one film . His last two films were made in Canada . He died of a heart attack in Los Angeles in 1949 .
Gibraltar ( /dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/ jih-BRAWL-tər , Spanish : [ xiβɾalˈtaɾ ] ) is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula . It has an area of 6.7 km2 ( 2.6 sq mi ) and is bordered to the north by Spain . The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated town area , home to over 32,000 people , primarily Gibraltarians . In 1704 , Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne . The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . During World War II it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea , the Strait of Gibraltar , which is only 14.3 km ( 8.9 mi ) wide at this naval choke point . It remains strategically important , with half the world 's seaborne trade passing through the strait . Today Gibraltar 's economy is based largely on tourism , online gambling , financial services and cargo ship refuelling . The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations because Spain asserts a claim to the territory . Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and , in a 2002 referendum , the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected .
Luciano Serra , Pilot ( Italian : Luciano Serra pilota ) is a 1938 Italian war drama film directed by Goffredo Alessandrini and starring Amedeo Nazzari , Germana Paolieri and Roberto Villa . It was screened at the Venice Film Festival in August 1938 , where it was awarded the Mussolini Cup for Best Italian Film . It was considered the defining film of Nazzari 's career , establishing him as the leading male star in Italy . The film 's assistant director Roberto Rossellini supervised the shooting of footage on location in North Africa . Rossellini made his own directorial debut three years later with The White Ship , and went on to become a leading Italian filmmaker .
Goffredo Alessandrini ( 20 November 1904 in Cairo - 16 May 1978 in Rome ) was an Italian scriptwriter and film director . He also acted , edited , and produced some films . He practiced athletics in his youth , and won a title of Italian champion on 110 meters hurdles in 1925 .
The Second Italo-Ethiopian War , also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War , was a colonial war which was fought between October 1935 and February 1937 . It is seen as an example of the expansionist policy that characterized the Axis powers and the inefficiency of the League of Nations before the outbreak of World War II . On 3 October 1935 one hundred thousand soldiers of the Italian Army commanded by Marshal Emilio De Bono attacked from Eritrea ( then an Italian colonial possession ) without prior declaration of war . At the same time a minor force under General Rodolfo Graziani attacked from Italian Somalia . On 6 October , Aduwa was conquered , a symbolic place for the Italian army . On 15 October , Italian troops seized Aksum , and the obelisk adorning the city was torn from its site and sent to Rome to be placed symbolically in front of the building of the Ministry of Colonies created by the fascist regime . Exasperated by De Bono 's slow and cautious progress , Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini put General Pietro Badoglio in his place . Ethiopian forces attacked the newly arrived invading army and launched a counterattack in December 1935 , but their rudimentary armed army could not resist well against the modern weapons of the Italians . Even the communications service of the Ethiopian forces depended on foot messengers , as they did not have radio devices . This was enough for the Italians to impose a narrow fence on Ethiopian detachments to leave them totally ignorant about the movements of their own army . Despite being allied with Italy , Nazi Germany sent arms and munitions to Ethiopia because it was frustrated over Italian objections to its policy towards Austria ; this prolonged the war and diverted Italian attention away from Austria . The Ethiopian counteroffensive managed to stop the Italian advance for a few weeks , but the superiority of the Italians ' weapons ( particularly heavy artillery and aviation ) prevented the Ethiopians from taking advantage of their initial successes .
Five Scouts ( 五人の斥候兵 , Gonin no sekkōhei ) is a 1938 Japanese war film directed by Tomotaka Tasaka . It won best film at the 1939 Kinema Junpo Awards and was nominated best film at the 1938 Venice International Film Festival .
Tomotaka Tasaka ( 田坂 具隆 , Tasaka Tomotaka , 14 April 1902 - 17 October 1974 ) was a Japanese film director .
Shigeyoshi Suzuki ( 鈴木重吉 , Suzuki Shigeyoshi , 25 June 1900 - 8 October 1976 ) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter . Born in Tokyo , Suzuki graduated from Meiji University and entered the Shōchiku studio in 1925 . He debuted as a director the next year with Tsuchi ni kagayaku , a film starring Denmei Suzuki . He later moved to Teikoku Kinema and scored a major hit with What Made Her Do It ? ( 1930 ) , a leftist tendency film about the social causes of a single woman 's sufferings . He later worked at many studios , including Fuji Eiga and the Manchuria Film Association , and in many genres , including documentary . A largely complete print of What Made Her Do It ? was discovered in a Russian archive in the 1990s and restored . It was released on DVD in Japan with English subtitles in 2008 .
The Shanghai Drama ( French : Le drame de Shanghaï ) is a 1938 French drama film directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst and starring Christl Mardayn , Louis Jouvet and Raymond Rouleau . An exiled White Russian woman works as a cabaret singer in Shanghai to support her daughter through school . The film 's sets were designed by the art directors Andrej Andrejew and Guy de Gastyne . It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris and on location in Saigon in French Indochina .
Georg Wilhelm Pabst ( 25 August 1885 - 29 May 1967 ) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter . He started as an actor and theater director , before becoming one of the most influential German-language filmmakers during the Weimar Republic .
The Black Dragon Society ( Kyūjitai ; 黑龍會 ; Shinjitai : 黒竜会 , kokuryūkai ) , or Amur River Society , was a prominent paramilitary , ultranationalist right-wing group in Japan .
Shanghai ( Chinese : 上海 ; Shanghainese pronunciation : [ zɑ̃.hɛ ] ( listen ) , Putonghua pronunciation : [ ʂâŋ.xài ] ( listen ) ) is one of the four municipalities of the People 's Republic of China . It is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze , and the Huangpu River flows through it . With a population of 24.2 million as of 2018 [ update ] , it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world . Shanghai is a global center for finance , innovation , and transportation , and the Port of Shanghai is the world 's busiest container port . Originally a fishing village and market town , Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to trade and its favorable port location . The city was one of five treaty ports forced open to foreign trade after the First Opium War . The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established . The city then flourished , becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s . During the Second Sino-Japanese War , the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai . After the war , with the CPC takeover of mainland China in 1949 , trade was limited to other socialist countries , and the city 's global influence declined . In the 1990s , economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city , especially the Pudong district , aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city . The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance ; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange , one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization , and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone , the first free-trade zone in China .