List of power stations in Finland
Non-renewable -- Fossil fuel
Table:
Name	Location	Fuel	Capacity , MWe	Status

Hanasaari Power Station	Helsinki	Coal	220	Operational

Kellosaari Power Station	Helsinki	Fuel Oil	118	Operational

Kristiina Power Station	Kristinestad	Coal and Fuel Oil	450	Operational

Kymijärvi 1 Power Station	Lahti	Coal , Natural gas and Biogas	200	Operational

Lielahti Power Station	Tampere	Natural gas	147	Operational

Martinlaakso Power Station	Vantaa	Coal and Natural gas	195	Operational

Meri-Pori Power Station	Pori	Coal	560	Operational

Mussalo Power Station	Kotka	Natural gas and Coal	313	Operational

Naantali Power Station	Naantali	Coal	256	Operational

Naistenlahti Power Station	Tampere	Natural gas , Peat , Wood and Fuel Oil	189	Operational

Nokia Power Station	Nokia	Natural gas	70	Operational

Salmisaari Power Station	Helsinki	Coal	160	Operational

Suomenoja Power Station	Espoo	Natural gas and Coal	359	Operational

Tahkoluoto Power Station	Pori	Coal	235	Operational

Vaskiluoto Power Station	Vaasa	Coal and Fuel Oil	390	Operational

Vuosaari Power Station	Helsinki	Natural gas	630	Operational

Consulting the given table as well as the relevant paragraphs provided at the end.

State the answer to the question: Of the Finnish power stations that run solely on fuel made from a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock , one city was established by Duke John in what year ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Hanasaari Power Plant ( also referred as Hanasaari B power plant to distinguish from the dismantled power plant located at the same site ) is a coal-fired cogeneration power plant in Helsinki , Finland . Its chimney has a height of 150 metres ( 490 ft ) .
Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world .
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock , formed as rock strata called coal seams . Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements ; chiefly hydrogen , sulfur , oxygen , and nitrogen . Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years . Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands - called coal forests - that covered much of the Earth 's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ) and Permian times . As a fossil fuel burned for heat , coal supplies about a quarter of the world 's primary energy and two-fifths of its electricity . Some iron and steel making and other industrial processes burn coal . The extraction and use of coal causes many premature deaths and much illness . The coal industry damages the environment , including by climate change as it is the largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide , 14 gigatonne ( Gt ) in 2016 , which is 40% of the total fossil fuel emissions and almost 25% of total global greenhouse gas emissions . As part of the worldwide energy transition many countries have stopped using or use less coal , and the UN Secretary General has asked governments to stop building new coal plants by 2020 . To meet the Paris Agreement target of keeping global warming to well below 2 °C ( 3.6 °F ) coal use needs to halve from 2020 to 2030 . The largest consumer and importer of coal is China . China mines almost half the world 's coal , followed by India with about a tenth .
Fuel oil ( also known as heavy oil , marine fuel or furnace oil ) is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation , either as a distillate or a residue . In general terms , fuel oil is any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power , except oils having a flash point of approximately 42 °C ( 108 °F ) and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners . Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains , particularly alkanes , cycloalkanes , and aromatics . The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil , i.e. , heavier than gasoline and naphtha . Small molecules like those in propane , naphtha , gasoline for cars , and jet fuel have relatively low boiling points , and they are removed at the start of the fractional distillation process . Heavier petroleum products like diesel fuel and lubricating oil are much less volatile and distill out more slowly , while bunker oil is literally the bottom of the barrel ; in oil distilling , the only things denser than bunker fuel are carbon black feedstock and bituminous residue ( asphalt ) , which is used for paving roads and sealing roofs .
Kristinestad ( Swedish : [ krɪsˈtîːnɛˌstɑːd ] , Finland Swedish : [ krisˈtiːneˌstɑːd ] ; Finnish : Kristiinankaupunki [ ˈkristiːnɑŋˌkɑu̯puŋki ] ) is a town and a municipality in Finland . It is located in the western part of Finland on the shore of the Bothnian Sea . The population of Kristinestad is 6,599 ( 31 January 2019 ) and the municipality covers an area of 682.53 km2 ( 263.53 sq mi ) ( excluding sea areas ) of which 14.66 km2 ( 5.66 sq mi ) is inland water ( 1 January 2018 ) . The population density is 9.67/km2 ( 25.0/sq mi ) . The population is bilingual with a majority speaking Swedish ( 57% ) and the minority Finnish ( 42% ) . The town was chartered in 1649 by Per Brahe the Younger at Koppö island and is named for Queen Christina of Sweden . Kristinestad is known for its old town with low wooden houses and narrow alleys . In April , 2011 , Kristinestad became Finland 's first Cittaslow community .
Lahti ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈlɑhti ] ; Swedish : Lahtis ) is a city and municipality in Finland . Lahti is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia ( Päijät-Häme ) . It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres ( 60 mi ) north-east of the capital Helsinki . In English , the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay . The Lahti region is growing and is one of the main economic hubs of Finland . The coat of arms of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by flames .
Natural gas ( also called fossil gas ) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane , but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes , and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide , nitrogen , hydrogen sulfide , or helium . It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years . The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in the gas . Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy for heating , cooking , and electricity generation . It is also used as a fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals . Natural gas has a complicated effect on climate change ; it itself is a greenhouse gas , and it releases carbon dioxide when burned . However , natural gas use often supplants coal use , which is far more environmentally damaging , leading to lower net carbon dioxide emissions in countries such as the United States . Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates . Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found close to and with natural gas . Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms : biogenic and thermogenic . Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes , bogs , landfills , and shallow sediments . Deeper in the earth , at greater temperature and pressure , thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material .
Biogas is the mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen ( anaerobically ) , primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide . Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste , manure , municipal waste , plant material , sewage , green waste or food waste . Biogas is a renewable energy source . In India , it is also known as Gobar Gas . Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with methanogen or anaerobic organisms , which digest material inside a closed system , or fermentation of biodegradable materials . This closed system is called an anaerobic digester , biodigester or a bioreactor . Biogas is primarily methane ( CH4 ) and carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide ( H2S ) , moisture and siloxanes . The gases methane , hydrogen , and carbon monoxide ( CO ) can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen . This energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel ; it can be used for any heating purpose , such as cooking . It can also be used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat . Biogas can be compressed , the same way as natural gas is compressed to CNG , and used to power motor vehicles . In the United Kingdom , for example , biogas is estimated to have the potential to replace around 17% of vehicle fuel .
Tampere ( /ˈtæmpəreɪ/ , also US : /ˈtɑːm-/ , Finnish : [ ˈtɑmpere ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Tammerfors [ tɑmːærˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Pirkanmaa , southern Finland . It is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries . Tampere has a population of 235,615 with the urban area holding 334,112 people and the metropolitan area , also known as the Tampere sub-region , holding 385,301 inhabitants in an area of 4,970 km2 . Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland , after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area , within which both Helsenki and Espoo are both located . Tampere is the major urban , economic , and cultural hub for central Finland . [ citation needed ] Tampere is wedged between two lakes , Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi . Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres ( 59 ft ) , the rapids linking them , Tammerkoski , have been an important power source throughout history , most recently for generating electricity . Tampere is dubbed the Manchester of Finland for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry , and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname Manse and terms such as Manserock . Helsinki is approximately 160 kilometres ( 100 mi ) south of Tampere , and can be reached in 1h 31m by Pendolino high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car . The distance to Turku is roughly the same . Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is Finland 's eighth-busiest airport , with over 230,000 passengers in 2017 .
Vantaa ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈʋɑntɑː ] ; Swedish : Vanda , [ ˈvânːda ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈvɑnːdɑ ] ) is a city and municipality in Finland . It is part of the inner core of the Finnish Capital Region along with Helsinki , Espoo , and Kauniainen . With a population of 228,678 ( 31 January 2019 ) , Vantaa is the fourth most populated city in Finland . Vantaa is bordered by Helsinki , the Finnish capital , to the south ; Espoo to the southwest ; Nurmijärvi to the northwest ; Kerava and Tuusula to the north ; and Sipoo to the east . The city encompasses 240.35 square kilometres ( 92.80 sq mi ) , of which 1.97 km2 ( 0.76 sq mi ) is water . The largest airport in Finland , and the main airport and airline hub of Greater Helsinki , the Helsinki Airport , is located in Vantaa . Companies with headquarters in Vantaa include Finnair , Finavia , R-kioski , Tikkurila Oyj , Veikkaus Oy , and Metsähallitus . The city also hosts a science center , Heureka . The city of Vantaa is bilingual , both Finnish and Swedish being official languages . 78.7% of the population are Finnish speakers , while 2.4% speak Swedish as their first language . 18.9% of the population speak a native language other than Finnish or Swedish .
Pori ( Finnish : [ ˈpori ] ; Swedish : Björneborg [ bjœrneˈborj ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Arctopolis ) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland . The city is located some 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) from the Gulf of Bothnia , on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river . Pori was established in 1558 by Duke John , who later became John III of Sweden . The city has a population of 84,318 ( 31 January 2019 ) and covers an area of 2,062.00 square kilometres ( 796.14 sq mi ) of which 870.01 km2 ( 335.91 sq mi ) is water . The population density is 101.09/km2 ( 261.8/sq mi ) . The municipality is unilingually Finnish . It is the 11th largest city in Finland , and the 7th largest urban area . Pori is also the capital of the Satakunta region ( pop . 224,028 ) and the Pori sub-region ( pop . 136,905 ) .
Kotka is a town in the southern part of the Kymenlaakso province on the Gulf of Finland . Kotka is a major port and industrial city and also a diverse school and cultural city . The neighboring municipalities of Kotka are Hamina , Kouvola and Pyhtää . Kotka belongs to the Kotka-Hamina subdivision . Kotka is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of Kymi River and it is part of the Kymenlaakso region in southern Finland . The neighboring municipalities of Kotka are Hamina , Kouvola and Pyhtää . Kotka belongs to the Kotka-Hamina subdivision . The Port of Kotka is a major Finnish sea port that serves both the foreign trade of Finland and Russia . The municipality is officially unilingually Finnish , with 89.8% being native Finnish speakers , 1% Swedish , and 9.3% speaking some other language .
Naantali ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈnɑːntɑli ] ; Swedish : Nådendal ) is a town in south-western Finland , known as one of the most important tourist centres of the country . The municipality has a population of 19,250 ( 31 January 2019 ) , and is located in the region of Southwest Finland , 14 kilometres ( 8.7 mi ) west of Turku . The town encompasses a land area of 311.50 square kilometres ( 120.27 sq mi ) . Most of this area is located on the islands , but the majority of the population lives on the mainland [ citation needed ] . Most of the islands are covered with forest and farmland , while the mainland consists chiefly of residential areas [ citation needed ] .
Peat ( /piːt/ ) , also known as turf ( /tɜːrf/ ) , is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter . It is unique to natural areas called peatlands , bogs , mires , moors , or muskegs . The peatland ecosystem is the most efficient carbon sink on the planet , because peatland plants capture CO2 naturally released from the peat , maintaining an equilibrium . In natural peatlands , the annual rate of biomass production is greater than the rate of decomposition , but it takes thousands of years for peatlands to develop the deposits of 1.5 to 2.3 m [ 4.9 to 7.5 ft ] , which is the average depth of the boreal [ northern ] peatlands . Sphagnum moss , also called peat moss , is one of the most common components in peat , although many other plants can contribute . The biological features of Sphagnum mosses act to create a habitat aiding peat formation , a phenomenon termed 'habitat manipulation ' . Soils consisting primarily of peat are known as histosols . Peat forms in wetland conditions , where flooding or stagnant water obstructs the flow of oxygen from the atmosphere , slowing the rate of decomposition . Peatlands , particularly bogs , are the primary source of peat , although less-common wetlands including fens , pocosins , and peat swamp forests also deposit peat . Landscapes covered in peat are home to specific kinds of plants including Sphagnum moss , ericaceous shrubs , and sedges ( see bog for more information on this aspect of peat ) . Because organic matter accumulates over thousands of years , peat deposits provide records of past vegetation and climate by preserving plant remains , such as pollen . This allows the reconstruction of past environments and study changes in land use .
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants . It is an organic material - a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression . Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees , or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs . [ citation needed ] In a living tree it performs a support function , enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves . It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves , other growing tissues , and the roots . Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties , and to material engineered from wood , or wood chips or fiber . Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel , as a construction material , for making tools and weapons , furniture and paper . More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the production of purified cellulose and its derivatives , such as cellophane and cellulose acetate . As of 2005 , the growing stock of forests worldwide was about 434 billion cubic meters , 47% of which was commercial . As an abundant , carbon-neutral renewable resource , woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy . In 1991 approximately 3.5 billion cubic meters of wood were harvested . Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction .
Nokia Corporation ( natively Nokia Oyj , referred to as Nokia ; Finnish : [ ˈnokiɑ ] , UK : /ˈnɒkiə/ , US : /ˈnoʊkiə/ ) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications , information technology , and consumer electronics company , founded in 1865 . Nokia 's headquarters are in Espoo , in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area . In 2018 , Nokia employed approximately 103,000 people across over 100 countries , did business in more than 130 countries , and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion . Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange . It is the world 's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500 , having peaked at 85th place in 2009 . It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years . It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables , but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructures , technology development , and licensing . Nokia is a major contributor to the mobile telephony industry , having assisted in the development of the GSM , 3G and LTE standards ( and currently in 5G ) , and was once the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones . After a partnership with Microsoft and subsequent market struggles , its mobile phone business was bought by Microsoft , creating Microsoft Mobile as its successor in 2014 . After the sale , Nokia began to focus more extensively on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on Internet of things technologies , marked by the divestiture of its Here mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent , including its Bell Labs research organization . The company then also experimented with virtual reality and digital health , the latter through the purchase of Withings .
Espoo ( Finnish : [ ˈespoː ] ; Swedish : Esbo [ ˈɛ̌sːbɔ ] , [ check IPA ] Finland Swedish : [ ˈesːbo ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest city and municipality in Finland . It is part of the Finnish Capital Region , along with the cities of Helsinki , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and most of its population lives in the inner urban core of the Helsinki metropolitan area . Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa , while enclosing Kauniainen . Other bordering municipalities of Espoo are Nurmijärvi and Vihti in the north , and Kirkkonummi in the west . The city is located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , in the region of Uusimaa , and has a population of 284,444 . Espoo encompasses 528 square kilometres ( 204 sq mi ) , of which 312 km2 ( 120 sq mi ) is land . The national park of Nuuksio is situated in northwestern Espoo . Espoo does not have a traditional city center , having instead several local regional centers . Espoo is thus divided into seven major areas ( Finnish : suuralueet , Swedish : storområden ) : Vanha-Espoo ( with administrative center ) , Suur-Espoonlahti , Pohjois-Espoo , Suur-Kauklahti , Suur-Leppävaara , Suur-Matinkylä , and Suur-Tapiola . Aalto University is based in Otaniemi , Espoo , along with a thriving science community that includes numerous startups and organizations such as VTT - the Technical Research Center of Finland . Several major companies are based in Espoo , including Nokia , HMD Global , Tieto , KONE , Neste , Fortum , Orion Corporation , Outokumpu , and Foreca , as well as video game developers Rovio and Remedy Entertainment . The city of Espoo is officially bilingual .
Vaasa ( Finnish : [ ˈʋɑːsɑ ] ; Swedish : Vasa [ ˈvɑ̂ːsa ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈvɑːsɑ ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the west coast of Finland . It received its charter in 1606 , during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa . Vaasa has a population of 67,588 ( 31 January 2019 ) ( approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region ) , and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia ( Swedish : Österbotten ; Finnish : Pohjanmaa ) . The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish . The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities have a clear Swedish-speaking majority , which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city .