List of World War II films
Films made during the Second World War -- 1941
Table:
Country

Main title
(Alternative titles)

Original title
(Original script)

Director

Battles, campaigns, events depicted

Nazi Germany

Above All in the World †

Über alles in der Welt

Karl Ritter

German civilians abroad get involved in the beginning of World War II

United States

All Through the Night

Vincent Sherman

Lighthearted mystery-thriller. Nazi Fifth Columnists

Nazi Germany

Annelie

Annelie

Josef von Báky

Heroic German mother during war

Nazi Germany

Bomber Wing Lützow

Kampfgeschwader Lützow

Hans Bertram

A bomber crew takes part in invasion of Poland and attacks on British shipping

United States

Buck Privates

Arthur Lubin

Comedy. Abbott and Costello enlist in the Army

United States

Caught in the Draft

David Butler

Comedy. Bob Hope gets drafted

United States

Confirm or Deny

Archie Mayo, Fritz Lang (uncredited)

Comedy-drama. London Blitz

United Kingdom

Cottage to Let (Bombsight Stolen)

Anthony Asquith

Lighthearted mystery. Kidnapping of bombsight inventor from Scotland by Nazi agents

United States

Dangerously They Live

Robert Florey

Nazi agents in US pursue Allied spy with secret of U-boat fleet off US coast

United Kingdom

Dangerous Moonlight

Brian Desmond Hurst

The Battle of Britain

United States

Dive Bomber

Michael Curtiz

Flight surgeons and medical flight research on pilots in Pacific

Hungary

Europe Doesn't Answer †

Európa nem válaszol

Géza von Radványi

Spies on board of a transatlantic at the beginning of World War 2

United Kingdom

49th Parallel (The Invaders)

Michael Powell

Battle of the St. Lawrence and survivors of a sunken U-boat in Hudson Bay trek across Canada

United Kingdom

Freedom Radio

Anthony Asquith

German Resistance

Soviet Union

The Girl from Leningrad

Frontovye podrugi (Фронтовые подруги)

Viktor Eisymont

Russian woman volunteers as nurse on Finnish Front where she becomes involved with wounded soldiers; remade in US as Three Russian Girls

Nazi Germany

Goodbye, Franziska

Auf Wiedersehn, Franziska!

Helmut Käutner

A German globetrotting reporter is drafted into a Wehrmacht Propagandakompanie

United States

Great Guns

Monty Banks

Comedy. Laurel and Hardy are drafted into the US Army

Nazi Germany

Hallgarten's Reconnaissance Patrol

Spähtrupp Hallgarten

Herbert B. Fredersdorf

Two German soldiers in the Norwegian Campaign

Nazi Germany

Homecoming

Heimkehr

Gustav Ucicky

Drama. Poles persecute ethnic Germans

United States

International Lady

Tim Whelan

Spy drama.

Drawing on the given table along with the context paragraphs listed at the end.

Solve the question: What was the 1951 film directed by the director of 49th Parallel ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Above All Else in the World ( German : Über alles in der Welt ) is a 1941 German drama film directed by Karl Ritter and starring Paul Hartmann , Hannes Stelzer and Fritz Kampers . The title refers to the second line of the German national anthem . It was made as a propaganda film designed to promote Nazi Germany 's war aims in the Second World War .
Karl Ritter ( 7 November 1888 - 7 April 1977 ) was a German film producer and director responsible for many Nazi propaganda films . He had previously been one of the first German military pilots . He spent most of his later life in Argentina .
All Through the Night is a 1942 American comedy-drama film directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Humphrey Bogart , Conrad Veidt and Kaaren Verne , and featuring many of the Warner Bros. company of character actors . It was released by Warner Brothers .
Vincent Sherman ( July 16 , 1906 - June 18 , 2006 ) was an American director and actor who worked in Hollywood . His movies include Mr. Skeffington ( 1944 ) , Nora Prentiss ( 1947 ) , and The Young Philadelphians ( 1959 ) . He began his career as an actor on Broadway and later in film . He directed B-movies for Warner Bros. and then moved to directing to A-pictures . He was a good friend of actor Errol Flynn , whom he directed in Adventures of Don Juan ( 1949 ) . He directed three Joan Crawford movies : The Damned Do n't Cry ( 1950 ) , Harriet Craig ( 1950 ) , and Goodbye , My Fancy ( 1951 ) .
A fifth column is any group of people who undermine a larger group from within , usually in favor of an enemy group or nation . The activities of a fifth column can be overt or clandestine . Forces gathered in secret can mobilize openly to assist an external attack . This term is also extended to organised actions by military personnel . Clandestine fifth column activities can involve acts of sabotage , disinformation , or espionage executed within defense lines by secret sympathizers with an external force .
Josef von Báky ( 23 March 1902 , Zombor , Austria-Hungary ( now , Slovakia ) - 28 July 1966 , Munich , Germany ) was a Hungarian filmmaker . He was also known as Josef v. Baky and József Baky . He was born in the town of Zombor ( Sombor ) in the Kingdom of Hungary ( now in Vojvodina , Serbia ) . He worked as an assistant to Géza von Bolváry . He worked as director or producer on no less than 48 films . He died in Munich , Bavaria , Germany . Báky 's best known film is Münchhausen , which was released in 1943 . It is a fantasy-comedy and is noted for how it avoids politics of its time . The film was ordered by Nazi propaganda minister Goebbels to celebrate the 25th anniversary of UFA and to compete with Hollywood productions .
Hans Bertram ( 26 February 1906 - 8 January 1993 ) was a German aviator , screenwriter and film director .
The invasion of Poland ( September campaign , Polish : Kampania wrześniowa , 1939 defensive war , Polish : Wojna obronna 1939 roku , Poland campaign , German : Polenfeldzug ) , marked the beginning of World War II . The German invasion began on 1 September 1939 , one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union , and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had approved the pact . The Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September . The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German-Soviet Frontier Treaty . German forces invaded Poland from the north , south , and west the morning after the Gleiwitz incident . Slovak military forces advanced alongside the Germans in northern Slovakia . As the Wehrmacht advanced , Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the Germany-Poland border to more established defense lines to the east . After the mid-September Polish defeat in the Battle of the Bzura , the Germans gained an undisputed advantage . Polish forces then withdrew to the southeast where they prepared for a long defence of the Romanian Bridgehead and awaited expected support and relief from France and the United Kingdom . Those two countries had pacts with Poland and had declared war on Germany on 3 September ; in the end their aid to Poland was very limited , however France invaded a small part of Germany in the Saar Offensive . On 17 September , the Soviet Red Army invaded Eastern Poland , the territory beyond the Curzon Line that fell into the Soviet sphere of influence according to the secret protocol of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ; this rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete . Facing a second front , the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania .
The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II , running from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 , and was a major part of the Naval history of World War II . At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany , announced the day after the declaration of war , and Germany 's subsequent counter-blockade . It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943 . The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the Kriegsmarine ( Navy ) and aircraft of the Luftwaffe ( Air Force ) against the Royal Canadian Navy , Royal Navy , United States Navy , and Allied merchant shipping . Convoys , coming mainly from North America and predominantly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union , were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces . These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States beginning September 13 , 1941 . The Germans were joined by submarines of the Italian Regia Marina ( Royal Navy ) after their Axis ally Italy entered the war on June 10 , 1940 . As an island nation , the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods . Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight . In essence , the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war : the Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting . From 1942 onward , the Axis also sought to prevent the build-up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British Isles in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe . The defeat of the U-boat threat was a prerequisite for pushing back the Axis .
Buck Privates is a 1941 musical military comedy film that turned Bud Abbott and Lou Costello into bona fide movie stars . It was the first service comedy based on the peacetime draft of 1940 . The comedy team made two more service comedies before the United States entered the war ( In the Navy and Keep 'Em Flying ) . A sequel to this movie , Buck Privates Come Home , was released in 1947 . Buck Privates is one of three Abbott and Costello films featuring The Andrews Sisters , who were also under contract to Universal Pictures at the time . Abbott and Costello performed a radio adaptation of the film on the Lux Radio Theater on October 13 , 1941 .
Arthur Lubin ( July 25 , 1898 - May 12 , 1995 ) was an American film director and producer who directed several Abbott & Costello films , Phantom of the Opera ( 1943 ) , the Francis the Talking Mule series and created the talking-horse TV series Mister Ed . A prominent director for Universal Pictures in the 1940s and 1950s , he is perhaps best known today as the man who gave Clint Eastwood his first contract in film .
Abbott and Costello were an American comedy duo composed of Bud Abbott and Lou Costello , whose work on radio and in film and television made them the most popular comedy team of the 1940s and early 1950s . Their patter routine Who 's on First ? is one of the best-known comedy routines of all time , and set the framework for many of their best-known comedy bits .
Caught in the Draft is a 1941 comedy/war film with Bob Hope directed by David Butler .
David Butler ( December 17 , 1894 - June 14 , 1979 ) was an American actor , film director , film producer , screenwriter , and television director .
Bob Hope , KBE ( born Leslie Townes Hope ; May 29 , 1903 - July 27 , 2003 ) was an English-American stand-up comedian , vaudevillian , actor , singer , dancer , athlete , and author . With a career that spanned nearly 80 years , Hope appeared in more than 70 short and feature films , with 54 feature films with Hope as star , including a series of seven Road musical comedy movies with Bing Crosby as Hope 's top-billed partner . In addition to hosting the Academy Awards show 19 times , more than any other host , he appeared in many stage productions and television roles , and was the author of 14 books . The song Thanks for the Memory was his signature tune . Hope was born in the Eltham district of southeast London , UK , arrived in the United States of America with his family at the age of four , and grew up in the Cleveland , Ohio , area . After a brief career as a boxer in the late 1910s , he began his career in show business in the early 1920s , initially as a comedian and dancer on the vaudeville circuit , before acting on Broadway . Hope began appearing on radio and in films starting in 1934 . He was praised for his comedic timing , specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes which often were self-deprecating . He helped establish modern American stand-up comedy . Celebrated for his long career performing in United Service Organizations ( USO ) shows to entertain active duty American military personnel , making 57 tours for the USO between 1941 and 1991 , Hope was declared an honorary veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces in 1997 by an act of the United States Congress . He appeared in numerous specials for NBC television starting in 1950 , and was one of the first users of cue cards . Hope participated in the sports of golf and boxing and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team , the Cleveland Indians .
Confirm or Deny is a 1941 film made by 20th Century Fox , directed by Archie Mayo and Fritz Lang ( uncredited ) , and starring by Don Ameche and Joan Bennett . The screenplay was written by Jo Swerling , based on a story by Samuel Fuller and Henry Wales .
Archibald L. Archie Mayo ( January 29 , 1891 - December 4 , 1968 ) was a film director , screenwriter and actor .
Friedrich Christian Anton Fritz Lang ( December 5 , 1890 - August 2 , 1976 ) was an Austrian-German-American filmmaker , screenwriter , and occasional film producer and actor . One of the best-known émigrés from Germany 's school of Expressionism , he was dubbed the Master of Darkness by the British Film Institute . Lang 's most famous films include the groundbreaking futuristic Metropolis ( 1927 ) and the also influential M ( 1931 ) , a film noir precursor that he made before he moved to the United States .
The Blitz was a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom in 1940 and 1941 , during the Second World War . The term was first used by the British press and is the German word for 'lightning ' . The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets , towns , and cities , beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940 ( a battle for daylight air superiority between the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force over the United Kingdom ) . By September 1940 , the Luftwaffe had failed and the German air fleets ( Luftflotten ) were ordered to attack London , to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation . Adolf Hitler and Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring , commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe , ordered the new policy on 6 September 1940 . From 7 September 1940 , London was systematically bombed by the Luftwaffe for 56 of the following 57 days and nights . Most notable was a large daylight attack against London on 15 September . The Luftwaffe gradually decreased daylight operations in favour of night attacks to evade attack by the RAF , and the Blitz became a night bombing campaign after October 1940 . The Luftwaffe attacked the main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool in the Liverpool Blitz . The North Sea port of Hull , a convenient and easily found target or secondary target for bombers unable to locate their primary targets , suffered the Hull Blitz . Bristol , Cardiff , Portsmouth , Plymouth , Southampton and Swansea were also bombed , as were the industrial cities of Birmingham , Belfast , Coventry , Glasgow , Manchester and Sheffield . More than 40,000 civilians were killed by Luftwaffe bombing during the war , almost half of them in the capital , where more than a million houses were destroyed or damaged .
Cottage to Let is a 1941 British spy thriller film directed by Anthony Asquith starring Leslie Banks , Alastair Sim and John Mills . Set in Second World War Scotland , its plot concerns Nazi spies trying to kidnap an inventor . The film was shot at the Lime Grove Studios in London , with sets designed by the art director Alex Vetchinsky .
Anthony William Lars Asquith ( /ˈæskwɪθ/ ; 9 November 1902 - 20 February 1968 ) was a leading English film director . He collaborated successfully with playwright Terence Rattigan on The Winslow Boy ( 1948 ) and The Browning Version ( 1951 ) , among other adaptations . His other notable films include Pygmalion ( 1938 ) , French Without Tears ( 1940 ) , The Way to the Stars ( 1945 ) and a 1952 adaptation of Oscar Wilde 's The Importance of Being Earnest .
A bombsight is a device used by military aircraft to drop bombs accurately . Bombsights , a feature of combat aircraft since World War I , were first found on purpose-designed bomber aircraft and then moved to fighter-bombers and modern tactical aircraft as those aircraft took up the brunt of the bombing role . A bombsight has to estimate the path the bomb will take after release from the aircraft . The two primary forces during its fall are gravity and air drag , which make the path of the bomb through the air roughly parabolic . There are additional factors such as changes in air density and wind that may be considered , but they are concerns only for bombs that spend a significant portion of a minute falling through the air . Those effects can be minimized by reducing the fall time by low-level bombing or by increasing the speed of the bombs . Those effects are combined in the dive bomber . However , low-level bombing also increases the danger to the bomber from ground-based defences , and accurate bombing from higher altitudes has always been desired . That has led to a series of increasingly sophisticated bombsight designs , dedicated to high-altitude level bombing . Since their first application prior to World War I , bombsights have gone through several major revisions . The earliest systems were iron sights , which were pre-set to an estimated fall angle . In some cases , they consisted of nothing more than a series of nails hammered into a convenient spar , lines drawn on the aircraft , or visual alignments of certain parts of the structure .
Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .
Dangerously They Live is a 1941 American World War II spy film directed by Robert Florey , and starring John Garfield , Nancy Coleman and Raymond Massey . Nazi spies try to pry information out of a British agent .
Robert Florey ( 14 September 1900 - 16 May 1979 ) was a French-American director , screenwriter , film journalist and actor . Born as Robert Fuchs in Paris , he became an orphan at an early age and was then raised in Switzerland . In 1920 he worked at first as a film journalist , then as an assistant and extra in featurettes from Louis Feuillade . Florey moved to the United States in 1921 . As a director , Florey 's most productive decades were the 1930s and 1940s , working on relatively low-budget fillers for Paramount and Warner Brothers . His reputation is balanced between his avant-garde expressionist style , most evident in his early career , and his work as a fast , reliable studio-system director called on to finish troubled projects , such as 1939 's Hotel Imperial . He directed more than 50 movies . His most popular film is likely [ citation needed ] the first Marx Brothers feature The Cocoanuts of 1929 , and his 1932 foray into Universal-style horror , Murders in the Rue Morgue is regarded by horror fans as highly reflective of German expressionism . [ citation needed ] In 2006 , as his 1937 film Daughter of Shanghai was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress , Florey was called widely acclaimed as the best director working in major studio B-films .
Dangerous Moonlight ( US : Suicide Squadron ) is a 1941 British film , directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Anton Walbrook . Among the costumes , the gowns were designed by Cecil Beaton . The film is best known for its score written by Richard Addinsell , orchestrated by Roy Douglas , which includes the Warsaw Concerto .
Brian Desmond Hurst ( 12 February 1895 - 26 September 1986 ) was a Belfast-born film director . With over thirty films in his filmography , Hurst was Ireland 's most prolific film director during the 20th century , [ citation needed ] and hailed as Northern Ireland 's best film director . He is perhaps best known for the 1951 A Christmas Carol adaptation Scrooge .
The Battle of Britain ( German : die Luftschlacht um England , the Air Battle for England ) was a military campaign of the Second World War , in which the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) defended the United Kingdom ( UK ) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany 's air force , the Luftwaffe . It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces . The British officially recognise the battle 's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940 , which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz , that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941 . German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941 , including the Blitz . The primary objective of the German forces was to compel Britain to agree to a negotiated peace settlement . In July 1940 , the air and sea blockade began , with the Luftwaffe mainly targeting coastal-shipping convoys , ports and shipping centres , such as Portsmouth . On 1 August , the Luftwaffe was directed to achieve air superiority over the RAF with the aim of incapacitating RAF Fighter Command ; 12 days later , it shifted the attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure . As the battle progressed , the Luftwaffe also targeted factories involved in aircraft production and strategic infrastructure . Eventually , it employed terror bombing on areas of political significance and on civilians . [ nb 9 ] The Germans had rapidly overwhelmed France and the Low Countries , leaving Britain to face the threat of invasion by sea . The German high command knew the difficulties of a seaborne attack and its impracticality while the Royal Navy controlled the English Channel and the North Sea . [ page needed ] On 16 July , Adolf Hitler ordered the preparation of Operation Sea Lion as a potential amphibious and airborne assault on Britain , to follow once the Luftwaffe had air superiority over the UK .
Dive Bomber is a 1941 American aviation film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn and Fred MacMurray . The film is notable for both its Technicolor photography of pre-World War II United States Navy aircraft and as a historical document of the U.S. in 1941 , including the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise , one of the best known World War II U.S. warships . The film was the last of a collaboration between director Curtiz and actor Errol Flynn which began in 1935 and spanned 12 films . The cast also includes Fred MacMurray , on loan from Paramount Studios and Alexis Smith in her first credited screen performance . Flynn portrays a Harvard-educated doctor who is involved in heroic medical research on pilots , with MacMurray as the skeptical veteran aviator who gets swept up in the project . The plot is not historically accurate but , depicted in a near-documentary style , the film contains elements of true events that were involved in period aeromedical research , as well as real contemporary medical equipment . The vivid cinematography prompted the tagline : The stunning spectacle of color rides with you into the heavens ! Bert Glennon was nominated for an Oscar for Best Color Cinematography at the 14th Academy Awards in 1942 . The movie is dedicated to the flight surgeons of the U.S. armed forces in recognition of their heroic efforts to solve the immensely difficult problems of aviation medicine . The film was a big hit at the box office , rounding out as the 19th highest-grossing film of 1941 .
Michael Curtiz ( /kɜːrˈtiːz/ kur-TEEZ ; born Manó Kaminer ; December 24 , 1886 - April 11 , 1962 ) was a Hungarian-born American film director , recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history . :67 He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood 's Golden Age , when the studio system was prevalent . Curtiz was already a well-known director in Europe when Warner Bros. invited him to Hollywood in 1926 , when he was 39 years of age . He had already directed 64 films in Europe , and soon helped Warner Bros. become the fastest-growing movie studio . He directed 102 films during his Hollywood career , mostly at Warners , where he directed ten actors to Oscar nominations . James Cagney and Joan Crawford won their only Academy Awards under Curtiz 's direction . He put Doris Day and John Garfield on screen for the first time , and he made stars of Errol Flynn , Olivia de Havilland , and Bette Davis . He himself was nominated five times and won twice , once for Best Short Subject for Sons of Liberty and once as Best Director for Casablanca . Curtiz was among those who introduced to Hollywood a visual style using artistic lighting , extensive and fluid camera movement , high crane shots , and unusual camera angles . He was versatile and could handle any kind of picture : melodrama , comedy , love story , film noir , musical , war story , Western , or historical epic . He always paid attention to the human-interest aspect of every story , stating that the human and fundamental problems of real people were the basis of all good drama . Curtiz helped popularize the classic swashbuckler with films such as Captain Blood ( 1935 ) and The Adventures of Robin Hood ( 1938 ) .
Géza von Radványi ( 26 September 1907 - 27 November 1986 ) was a Hungarian film director , cinematographer , producer and writer .
49th Parallel is a 1941 British war drama film ; it was the third film made by the British writer-director team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger . It was released in the United States as The Invaders . The British Ministry of Information approached Michael Powell to make a propaganda film for them , suggesting he make a film about mine-sweeping . Instead , Powell decided to make a different film to help sway opinion in the then neutral United States . Said Powell , I hoped it might scare the pants off the Americans [ and thus bring them into the war ] . Screenwriter Emeric Pressburger remarked , Goebbels considered himself an expert on propaganda , but I thought I 'd show him a thing or two . After persuading the British and Canadian governments , Powell started location filming in 1940 . The original choice to play the German officer , Lieutenant Hirth , was Archers ' stalwart Esmond Knight but he had joined the Royal Navy on the outbreak of war . Anton Walbrook as Peter donated half his fee to the International Red Cross . Raymond Massey , Laurence Olivier and Leslie Howard all agreed to work at half their normal fee , because they felt it was an important propaganda film . This is the only time that Canadian-born Massey played a Canadian on screen .
Michael Latham Powell ( 30 September 1905 - 19 February 1990 ) was an English film director , celebrated for his partnership with Emeric Pressburger . Through their production company The Archers , they together wrote , produced and directed a series of classic British films , notably 49th Parallel ( 1941 ) , The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp ( 1943 ) , A Matter of Life and Death ( 1946 , also called Stairway to Heaven ) , Black Narcissus ( 1947 ) , The Red Shoes ( 1948 ) , and The Tales of Hoffmann ( 1951 ) . His later controversial 1960 film Peeping Tom , while today considered a classic , and a contender as the first slasher , was so vilified on first release that his career was seriously damaged . Many film-makers such as Martin Scorsese , Francis Ford Coppola and George A. Romero have cited Powell as an influence . In 1981 , he received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award along with his partner Pressburger , the highest honour the British Film Academy can give a filmmaker .
The Battle of the St. Lawrence involved marine and anti-submarine actions throughout the lower St. Lawrence River and the entire Gulf of Saint Lawrence , Strait of Belle Isle , Anticosti Island and Cabot Strait from May-October 1942 , September 1943 , and again in October-November 1944 . During this time , German U-boats sank several merchant ships and four Canadian warships . There were several near shore actions involving the drop of German spies , or the attempted pick up of escaping prisoners of war . Despite the 23 ships lost , this battle marked a strategic victory for Canadian forces as ultimately they managed to disrupt U-boat activity , protect Canadian and Allied convoys , and intercept all attempted shore operations . This marked the first time that a foreign power had inflicted casualties in Canadian inland waters since the US incursions in the War of 1812 . In the interwar years , poor economic conditions and a sense of security , engendered by the proximity of the United States and the traditional protection of the British Royal Navy , had resulted in the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) being equipped with very few ships , especially for coastal defence . Upgraded to six destroyers just before the war , Canadian naval deployment gave priority to the North Atlantic convoy routes and responsibility which grew until the war 's end when the RCN was the third largest allied naval power in the world , with 100,000 men and women and 400 vessels . The Royal Navy contributed two destroyers to the fight in October 1942 when attacks reached their peak .
U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot [ ˈuːboːt ] ( listen ) , a shortening of Unterseeboot , literally undersea boat . While the German term refers to any submarine , the English one ( in common with several other languages ) refers specifically to military submarines operated by Germany , particularly in the First and Second World Wars . Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships , they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ( commerce raiding ) and enforcing a naval blockade against enemy shipping . The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada and other parts of the British Empire , and from the United States to the United Kingdom and ( during the Second World War ) to the Soviet Union and the Allied territories in the Mediterranean . German submarines also destroyed Brazilian merchant ships during World War II , causing Brazil to declare war on both Germany and Italy on 22 August 1942 . Austro-Hungarian Navy submarines were also known as U-boats .
Hudson Bay ( Inuktitut : Kangiqsualuk ilua , French : baie d'Hudson ) ( sometimes called Hudson 's Bay , usually historically ) is a large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of 1,230,000 km2 ( 470,000 sq mi ) . Although not geographically apparent , it is for climatic reasons considered to be a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean . It drains a very large area , about 3,861,400 km2 ( 1,490,900 sq mi ) , that includes parts of southeastern Nunavut , Alberta , Saskatchewan , Ontario , Quebec , all of Manitoba and indirectly through smaller passages of water parts of North Dakota , South Dakota , Minnesota , and Montana . Hudson Bay 's southern arm is called James Bay . The Eastern Cree name for Hudson and James Bay is Wînipekw ( Southern dialect ) or Wînipâkw ( Northern dialect ) , meaning muddy or brackish water . Lake Winnipeg is similarly named by the local Cree , as is the location for the city of Winnipeg .
Freedom Radio ( a.k.a . A Voice in the Night ) is a 1941 British propaganda film directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Clive Brook , Diana Wynyard , Raymond Huntley and Derek Farr . It is set in Nazi Germany during the Second World War and concerns an underground German resistance group who run a radio station broadcasting against the totalitarian Third Reich . It was shot at Shepperton Studios . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Paul Sheriff .
German resistance to Nazism ( German : Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus ) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945 . Some of these engaged in active resistance with plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power by assassination and overthrow his regime . The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period , analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State , Greek Resistance , Yugoslav Partisans , French Resistance , Dutch resistance , Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance . The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups . They were unable to mobilize political opposition . Except for individual attacks on Nazis ( including Hitler ) or sabotage acts , the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime : the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup . Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts , courts-martial , People 's Courts and the civil justice system . Many of these Germans had served in government , the military , or in civil positions , which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy ; in addition , the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified tens of thousands in Nazi concentration camps who were either suspected of or actually engaged in opposition . By contrast , the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was resistance without the people and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small . The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity , such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp .
The Girl from Leningrad , ( Russian : Фронтовые подруги ) is a 1941 Soviet adventure film directed by Viktor Eisymont .
Viktor Vladislavovich Eisymont ( Russian : Виктор Владиславович Эйсымонт , 20 December 1904 - 31 January 1964 ) was a Soviet film director . He was a three-time recipient of the Stalin Prize , in 1942 , 1947 , and 1951 .
Three Russian Girls ( also known as She Who Dares ) is a 1943 American World War II pro-Soviet propaganda film produced by R-F Productions and distributed by United Artists . It followed in the footsteps of Mission to Moscow ( 1943 ) . It was nominated for an Oscar in 1945 for best musical score . It stars Anna Sten .
Goodbye , Franziska ( German : Auf Wiedersehn , Franziska ! ) is a 1941 German romance film directed by Helmut Käutner and starring Marianne Hoppe , Hans Söhnker and Fritz Odemar . It portrays the relationship between a globetrotting reporter and his devoted wife . The film was remade in 1957 . After World War II , the Allied Forces banned the film from being shown in the German-occupied area because of its ending , which reminded the viewers to support the war effort . Director Käutner was eventually able to convince officials that the propaganda sequence was in no way a reflection of his political ideology and was added at request of Nazi censors . The remainder of the film was fairly apolitical , and , as such , it was brought back in circulation a few years later ; the propaganda end sequence is not seen on current prints of the film . It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios .
Helmut Käutner ( born 25 March 1908 in Düsseldorf , Germany ; died 20 April 1980 in Castellina in Chianti , Italy ) was a German film director active mainly in the 1940s and 1950s . He began his career at the end of the Weimar Republic and had released his first major films in Nazi Germany . His 1956 film Der Hauptmann von Köpenick was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 29th Academy Awards . Three years later , his film The Rest Is Silence was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival .
Great Guns is a 1941 film directed by Monty Banks , and produced by Sol M. Wurtzel for 20th Century Fox starring Laurel and Hardy . It is also known as Forward March .
Montague ( Monty ) Banks ( 15 July 1897 [ registered on 18 July 1897 ] - 7 January 1950 born Mario Bianchi ) was an Italian comedian and film actor , director who achieved success in the United Kingdom and in the US .
Laurel and Hardy were a comedy duo act during the early Classical Hollywood era of American cinema . The team was composed of Englishman Stan Laurel ( 1890-1965 ) and American Oliver Hardy ( 1892-1957 ) . They became well known during the late 1920s to the mid-1940s for their slapstick comedy , with Laurel playing the clumsy and childlike friend of the pompous bully Hardy . The duo 's signature tune is known variously as The Cuckoo Song , Ku-Ku , or The Dance of the Cuckoos . It was played over the opening credits of their films and has become as emblematic of the duo as their bowler hats . Prior to emerging as a team , both actors had well-established film careers . Laurel had appeared in over 50 films as an actor ( while also working as a writer and director ) , while Hardy had been in more than 250 productions . The two comedians had previously worked together as cast members on the film The Lucky Dog in 1921 . However , they were not a comedy team at that time and it was not until 1926 that they appeared in a short movie together , when both separately signed contracts with the Hal Roach film studio . Laurel and Hardy officially became a team in 1927 when they appeared together in the silent short film Putting Pants on Philip . They remained with the Roach studio until 1940 and then appeared in eight B movie comedies for 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1941 to 1945 . After finishing their movie commitments at the end of 1944 , they concentrated on performing in stage shows and embarked on a music hall tour of England , Ireland , and Scotland .
Herbert B. Fredersdorf ( 2 October 1899 - 21 July 1971 ) was a German film editor , screenwriter and film director .
The Norwegian campaign was the attempted Allied liberation of Norway from Nazi Germany during the early stages of World War II and directly following the German invasion and occupation of the Norwegian mainland and government . It took place from April 9 , 1940 , until June 10 , 1940 . The Allied campaign did not succeed , and it resulted in the fleeing of King Haakon VII along with the remainder of the royal family to Great Britain . In April , the United Kingdom and France came to Norway 's aid with an expeditionary force . As Plan R 4 got underway the Royal Navy began laying mines in neutral Norwegian waters as part of Operation Wilfred when the German invasion began . Despite moderate success in the northern parts of Norway , the Allies were eventually compelled to withdraw by Germany 's invasion of France in May , and the Norwegian government sought exile in London . The campaign ended with the occupation of Norway by Germany , and the continued fighting by exiled Norwegian forces from abroad . The 62 days of fighting made Norway the nation that withstood a German land invasion for the second longest period of time , after the Soviet Union .
Gustav Ucicky ( 6 July 1898 - 27 April 1961 ) was an Austrian film director , screenwriter and cinematographer . He was one of the more successful directors in Austria and Germany from the 1930s through to the early 1960s . His work covered a wide variety of genres , but he most acclaimed for his work in romantic drama and drama films .
In Nazi German terminology , Volksdeutsche ( German pronunciation : [ ˈfɔlksˌdɔʏtʃə ] ) were people whose language and culture had German origins but who did not hold German citizenship . The term is the nominalised plural of volksdeutsch , with Volksdeutsche denoting a singular female , and Volksdeutsche ( r ) , a singular male . The words Volk and völkisch conveyed the meanings of folk . The Volksdeutsche ( Ethnic Germans at the time ) shed their identity as Auslandsdeutsch ( Germans abroad ) and morphed into the Volksdeutsche in a process of self-radicalisation . This process gave the Nazi regime the nucleus around which the new Volksgemeinschaft was established across the German borders . Volksdeutsche were further divided into racial groups - minorities within a state minority - based on special cultural , social , and historic criteria elaborated by the Nazis .
International Lady is a 1941 American wartime spy-drama film . It was originally known as G-Men versus Scotland Yard .
Tim Whelan ( November 2 , 1893 - August 12 , 1957 ) was an American film director , writer , producer and actor best remembered for his writing credits on Harold Lloyd and Harry Langdon comedies , and his directing of mostly British films ( e.g.The Thief of Bagdad ( 1940 ) . At the time of his death , Whelan was survived by his widow , former silent film actress Miriam Seegar and their two sons .