World record progression 100 metres backstroke
Women -- Short course
Table:
Time

Swimmer[8]

Date

Place

59.41

Angel Martino

November 21, 1993

Stavanger, Norway

58.50

Angel Martino

December 3, 1993

Palma de Mallorca, Spain

58.45

Reiko Nakamura

March 4, 2001

Sagamihara, Japan

57.08

Natalie Coughlin

November 29, 2001

East Meadow, New York, United States

56.71

Natalie Coughlin

November 23, 2002

East Meadow, New York, United States[9]

56.51

Natalie Coughlin

October 28, 2007

Singapore

56.15

Shiho Sakai

February 22, 2009

Tokyo, Japan

55.23

Shiho Sakai

November 15, 2009

Berlin, Germany

55.03

Katinka Hosszú

December 4, 2014

Doha, Qatar

54.89

Minna Atherton

October 27, 2019

Budapest, Hungary

Looking at the accompanying table plus the passages provided.

Respond to the question below: What is the earliest historical record of the city where someone set a record and backstroked 100 m in 55.23 ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Angelina Myers Martino ( born April 25 , 1967 ) , now known as Angel Sims , is an American former competition swimmer , three-time Olympic champion , and former world record-holder . Over her career , she won three Olympic gold medals and three bronze medals . She was born Angelina L. Myers in Tuscaloosa , Alabama , where both of her parents swam for the Alabama Crimson Tide swimming and diving team . She grew up in Americus , Georgia . She attended Furman University in Greenville , South Carolina , and she swam for the Furman Paladins swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition . She was formerly married to Mike Martino , whom she met while both were Furman swimmers , and is best known as Angel Martino , her name during the 1992 and 1996 Olympics . In addition to her six Olympic medals , she won twelve Pan Pacific medals and seven Goodwill Games gold medals . She was a captain of the 1996 U.S. Women 's Olympic Swimming team . In 2001 she was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame . Martino is currently the assistant coach of the Baldwin Aqua Dragons swim team in Milledgeville , Georgia , and coaches for the Reynolds Rapids Swim Team in Greensboro , Georgia . She also assists the varsity swim team at Gatewood Schools in Eatonton , Georgia . She has two sons : Michael Campion Martino , age 22 , and Mark Kirtley Martino , age 18 .
Stavanger ( /stəˈvæŋər/ , also UK : /stæˈ-/ , US usually /stɑːˈvɑːŋər , stəˈ-/ , Norwegian : [ stɑˈvɑ̀ŋər ] ( listen ) ) is a city and municipality in Norway . It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway ( through conurbation with neighbouring Sandnes ) and the administrative centre of Rogaland county . The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway . Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in Southwest Norway , Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125 , the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed . Stavanger 's core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city 's cultural heritage . This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses , and has contributed significantly to spreading the city 's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger . The city 's rapid population growth in the late 20th century was primarily a result of Norway 's booming offshore oil industry . Today the oil industry is a key industry in the Stavanger region and the city is widely referred to as the Oil Capital of Norway . [ failed verification ] Norwegian energy company Equinor , the largest company in the Nordic region , is headquartered in Stavanger . Multiple educational institutions for higher education are located in Stavanger . The largest of these is the University of Stavanger . Domestic and international military installations are located in Stavanger , including the NATO Joint Warfare Centre .
Palma , fully known as Palma de Mallorca ( /ˈpɑːlmə/ or /ˈpɑːmə/ , Catalan : [ ˈpalmə ] , Spanish : [ ˈpalma ] ) , is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain . It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma . The Cabrera Archipelago , though widely separated from Palma proper , is administratively considered part of the municipality . As of 2018 [ update ] , Palma Airport serves over 29 million passengers per year .
Reiko Nakamura ( 中村 礼子 , Nakamura Reiko , born May 17 , 1982 in Yokohama , Kanagawa Prefecture ) is a Japanese Olympic and Asian record-holding swimmer . She swam in the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games , winning the bronze medals in the 200m backstroke at both editions . In doing so , she became the first Japanese woman in 72 years to win medals at consecutive Olympic games . She retired shortly after achieving this , in October 2008 . At the 2008 Olympics , Nakamura set the Asian Records and Japanese Records in both the 100 and 200 backstrokes ( 59.36 and 2:07.13 ) . At the 2007 World Championships , she swam to a new Japanese Record in the 100 back ( 1:00.40 ) in finishing third . Eight days later , she lowered the mark to 1:00.29 in winning the 2007 Japan Championships .
Sagamihara ( 相模原市 , Sagamihara-shi ) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture , Japan . It is the third most populous city in the prefecture , after Yokohama and Kawasaki , and the fifth most populous suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area . Its northern neighbor is Machida , with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed . As of April 1 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 720,986 , with 316,648 households , and a population density of 2,200 persons per km² . The total area is 328.91 km² . On 1 April 2010 , the city became the 19th city designated by government ordinance . As a result of this , three wards were established : Midori-ku , Chūō-ku and Minami-ku .
Natalie Anne Coughlin Hall ( born August 23 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer and twelve-time Olympic medalist . While attending the University of California , Berkeley , she became the first woman ever to swim the 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) in less than one minute - ten days before her 20th birthday in 2002 . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she became the first U.S. female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in one Olympiad , and the first woman ever to win a 100-meter backstroke gold in two consecutive Olympics . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . Her total of twelve Olympic medals ties her with Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres for the most all-time medals by a female swimmer . Coughlin 's success has earned her the World Swimmer of the Year Award once and American Swimmer of the Year Award three times . She has won a total of sixty medals in major international competition , twenty-five gold , twenty-two silver , and thirteen bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games .
East Meadow is a hamlet and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Nassau County ( Long Island ) , New York , United States . East Meadow is an unincorporated area in the Town of Hempstead . Its name is derived from being the meadow of Hempstead Plains east of the Meadow Brook ( originally a brook , now replaced by a parkway of the same name ) . Many residents commute to Manhattan , which is 30 miles ( 48 km ) away . The population was 38,132 at the 2010 census . East Meadow 's postal ZIP code is 11554 , and its telephone area code is 516 .
Singapore ( /ˈsɪŋ ( ɡ ) əpɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia . Singapore is located about one degree ( 137 kilometres or 85 miles ) north of the equator , and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , and by extension , the southernmost extremity of continental Asia . The island country shares its southern maritime border with Indonesia 's Riau Islands , its northern , western , and eastern maritime borders with the Johor state of Peninsular Malaysia , and is in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east . It is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south , and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans , being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east . The country 's territory is composed of one main island and 58 smaller islets , the combined area of which has increased by almost 25% since the country 's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects . Although Singapore has been a constituent part of several Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires and Islamic sultanates throughout its millennia-long history , modern Singapore , then part of the erstwhile Johor Sultanate , was founded in 1819 when Stamford Raffles , a British colonial officer , established a trading post of the East India Company on the island . In 1824 , the island and its satellite islets were fully ceded by the Johor Sultanate , and in 1826 , Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements , a group of East India Company territories in the Malay peninsula . From 1830 to 1858 , the Straits Settlements were administered as a Malayan subdivision of the East India Company 's Bengal Presidency ; following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the Presidency and its constituent Settlements were reorganised into the British Raj . In 1867 , Britain 's colonial holdings in the Malay archipelago were separated from British India , and the administration of the Straits Settlements was transferred from Calcutta to London , bringing the Straits Settlements under the direct control of the British Crown as a crown colony . From 1867 to the 1940s , Singapore grew into a successful entrepôt that attracted settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond . During the Second World War , Imperial Japan successfully invaded Singapore , resulting in an interregnum of British rule corresponding with a brief Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 . Following Japan 's surrender in 1945 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved , with Singapore being returned to British control as a standalone crown colony in 1946 .
Shiho Sakai ( 酒井 志穂 , Sakai Shiho , born December 1 , 1990 in Koga , Fukuoka ) is a Japanese backstroke swimmer .
Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 .
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .
Katinka Hosszú ( Hungarian : [ ˈkɒtiŋkɒ ˈhossuː ] ; born 3 May 1989 ) is a Hungarian competitive swimmer specialized in individual medley events . She is a three-time Olympic champion and a nine-time long-course world champion . Hosszú is the current world record holder in 100-meter individual medley , 200-meter individual medley ( long course and short course ) , 400-meter individual medley ( long course ) and 200-meter backstroke ( short course ) . She was the first swimmer ( male or female ) to hold world records in all five individual medley events at the same time . She holds two-thirds of the Hungarian national records . Hosszu was named FINA Swimmer of the Year in 2014 , 2015 , 2016 and 2018 , and won SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for Female Swimmer of the Year in 2013 . She has competed at four Summer Olympics : 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 . Hosszú currently swims for her own team Iron Swim Budapest . After a long tenure under head coach Shane Tusup , who was her husband , following their divorce Hosszú was coached by Dave Salo before moving onto Árpád Petrov . She is one of the most versatile swimmers in the world , and was nicknamed the Iron Lady , which she has since turned into a fast growing International brand . In 2014 she became the first race-prize dollar millionaire ( man or woman ) in swimming history . According to Forbes magazine she is considered the most valuable Hungarian athlete , ranking the first position for the last five years .
Doha ( Arabic : الدوحة , ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa , pronounced [ adˈdawħa ] ) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar . It has a population of 956,460 ( 2015 ) . The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country . It is Qatar 's fastest growing city , with over 80% of the nation 's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs , [ citation needed ] and it is also the economic centre of the country . Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda . It was officially declared as the country 's capital in 1971 , when Qatar gained independence from being a British Protectorate . As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centres in the Middle East , Doha is considered a beta-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Doha accommodates Education City , an area devoted to research and education . The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations . It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events , including the 2006 Asian Games , the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup . In December 2011 , the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha . Additionally , the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host many of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup .
Minna Atherton ( born 17 May 2000 ) is an Australian competitive swimmer who won the gold medals in the 100- and 200-metre backstroke events at the 2015 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Singapore . She tied the junior world record ( held by American Claire Adams ) in the 100-metre backstroke and broke the Championships record in the 200-metre backstroke . In December 2015 at the Queensland State Swimming Championships in Brisbane , she broke the junior world record in the 100-metre backstroke with a time of 59.37 . Two months later , in February 2016 , she twice broke the junior world record in the 50-metre backstroke at the Brisbane Sprint Championships . In the heats she swam 27.73 , followed by 27.49 in the final . In April 2016 , Atherton did not qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics . Her best result at the Australian trials was a third-place finish in the 100-meter backstroke behind Emily Seebohm , who trains at the same club as Atherton , and Madison Wilson . Seebohm and Wilson were the gold and silver medalists in this event at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships . In 2018 she was in the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth games which she did n't place in but made it into the backstroke finals .
Budapest ( /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ , Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈbudɒpɛʃt ] ) is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary , and the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits . The city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres ( 203 square miles ) . Budapest is both a city and county , and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area , which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres ( 2,944 square miles ) and a population of 3,303,786 , comprising 33% of the population of Hungary . The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum , the capital of Lower Pannonia . The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century , but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241-42 . Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century . The Battle of Mohács , in 1526 , was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule . After the reconquest of Buda in 1686 , the region entered a new age of prosperity , with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda , Óbuda , and Pest on 17 November 1873 , with the name 'Budapest ' given to the new capital . Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a great power that dissolved in 1918 , following World War I . The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , the Battle of Budapest in 1945 , and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Budapest is an Alpha − global city with strengths in commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment . It is Hungary 's financial centre and was ranked as the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe .