List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Alumni -- Other academics
Table:
Name

M

G

Degree

Notes

Ref

John Adair

1969?

1971

BLitt

Author and academic on leadership studies; Professor of Leadership Studies at the University of Surrey (1979–1984); visiting professor at the University of Exeter (1990–2000); Honorary Professor of Leadership at the China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong since 2006

[9]

Henry Bould (F)

1621

1624

BA (1621), MA (1624)

Named as one of the founding scholars in the college's charter (1622); Fellow (1623–1628)

[13][235]

Joseph Clearihue

1911

1914

BA Jurisprudence (2nd, 1913), BCL (3rd, 1914)

Canadian Rhodes scholar, who later became a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia and a county court judge; also chairman of the council of Victoria College, British Columbia (which became the University of Victoria under his leadership)

[102][236][237]

Sir Goronwy Daniel (HF)

1937

1940

DPhil

Permanent Under-Secretary of the Welsh Office (1964–1969), Principal of University of Wales, Aberystwyth (1969–1979)

[238]

Walter Jenkin Evans

1875?

1878

BA

Principal of Carmarthen Presbyterian College (1888–1927)

[239]

Robert Gentilis

—

1603

BA

Academic and translator who matriculated from Christ Church at the age of eight, graduated at the age of twelve and became a Fellow of All Souls at seventeen; eldest son of Alberico Gentili, the Italian jurist and Regius Professor of Civil Law

[240]

Lewis Gilbertson (F)

1833

1839

BA Literae Humaniores (3rd, 1836), MA (1839), BD (1847)

Vicar in parishes in Cardiganshire, and also served as Vice-Principal

[17][117][241]

Joseph Hoare (F/P)

1727

1733

BA (1730), MA

Prebend of Westminster Abbey; died after being scratched by his cat

[117][242][243]

David Hughes (F/P)

1770

1776

BA (1773), MA (1776), BD (1783), DD (1790)

Principal (1802–1817)

[117][244]

Henry Foulkes (F/P)

1790

1797

BA (1794), MA (1797), BD (1804), DD (1817)

Principal for 40 years (1817–1857)

[117][244]

Francis Heiser

1903?

1907

BA Theology (2nd)

Principal of Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone (1920–1922), Principal of St Aidan's Theological College, Birkenhead (1929–1950)

[27][102][245]

Wilfred Hinton

1908?

1910?

BA

Professor of Political Economy at the University of Hong Kong (1913–1929), Director of Studies for the Institute of Bankers (1929–1949), and an expert in Far Eastern international affairs

[27][246]

George Howells

1895?

1898?

BLitt

Principal of Serampore College, India (1907–1932)

[27][247]

Gwilliam Iwan Jones

1923

1926

BA Modern History (2nd)

Colonial civil servant who photographed life in Nigeria in the 1930s, later becoming an anthropologist and Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge

[102][120][248]

Maurice Jones (F/HF)

1882

1886

BA Divinity (1st, 1886), BD (1907), DD (1914)

Welsh clergyman and principal of St David's College, Lampeter (1923–1938)

[249][250]

Thomas Jones

1827

1832

BA

Librarian of Chetham's Library, Manchester (1845–1875)

[251]

William Jones (F/P)

1694

1700

BA (1697), MA (1700), BD (1708), DD (1720)

Principal (1720–1725)

[13][244]

Deepak Lal

1960

1965

BA PPE (1962), BPhil (Economics, 1965)

Development economist; James S. Coleman Professor of International Development Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles since 1991

[252]

Llewelyn Lewellin

1818

1827

BA Literae Humaniores (1st, 1822), MA (1824), BCL (1827), DCL (1829)

First Principal of St David's College, Lampeter (1828–1878), also Dean of St David's (1843–1878)

[17][117][253]

Harold Loukes

1930

1934

BA English (1st)

Taught at the University of Delhi before spending 30 years in the Department of Education at Oxford, most of them as Reader in Education

[120][254]

Taking into account the following table together with the relevant paragraphs below.

Provide an answer to this question: What is the degree of the alumnus who a Welsh academic at the University of Oxford in the 17th century ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

John Eric Adair ( born 18 May 1934 ) is a British academic who is a leadership theorist and author of more than forty books ( translated into eighteen languages ) on business , military and other leadership .
The University of Surrey is a public research university in Guildford , England . The university received its royal charter in 1966 , along with a number of other institutions following recommendations in the Robbins Report . The institution was previously known as Battersea College of Technology and was located in Battersea Park , London . Its roots however , go back to Battersea Polytechnic Institute , founded in 1891 to provide higher education for London 's poorer inhabitants . The university 's research output and global partnerships have led to it being regarded as one of the UK 's leading research universities . Surrey is a member of the Association of MBAs and is one of four universities in the University Global Partnership Network . Surrey is also part of the SETsquared partnership along with the University of Bath , the University of Bristol , the University of Southampton and the University of Exeter . A major centre for satellite and mobile communications research , Surrey is in partnership with King 's College London and the University of Dresden to develop 5G technology worldwide . It also holds a number of formal links with institutions worldwide , including the Surrey International Institute , launched in partnership with the Dongbei University of Finance and Economics . Surrey has been awarded three Queen 's Anniversary Prizes for its research , with the 2014 Research Excellence Framework ranking 78% of the university 's research outputs as world leading or internationally excellent . The university 's main campus is on Stag Hill , close to the centre of Guildford and adjacent to Guildford Cathedral . Surrey Sports Park is situated at the nearby Manor Park , the university 's secondary campus .
The University of Exeter is a public research university in Exeter , Devon , South West England , United Kingdom . It was founded and received its royal charter in 1955 , although its predecessor institutions , St Luke 's College , Exeter School of Science , Exeter School of Art , and the Camborne School of Mines were established in 1838 , 1855 , 1863 , and 1888 respectively . In post-nominals , the University of Exeter is abbreviated as Exon . ( from the Latin Exoniensis ) , and is the suffix given to honorary and academic degrees from the university . The university has four campuses : Streatham and St Luke 's ( both of which are in Exeter ) ; and Truro and Penryn ( both of which are in Cornwall ) . The university is primarily located in the city of Exeter , Devon , where it is the principal higher education institution . Streatham is the largest campus containing many of the university 's administrative buildings The Penryn campus is maintained in conjunction with Falmouth University under the Combined Universities in Cornwall ( CUC ) initiative . The Exeter Streatham Campus Library holds more than 1.2 million physical library resources , including historical journals and special collections . Exeter was named the Sunday Times University of the Year in 2013 and was the Times Higher Education University of the Year in 2007 . It has maintained a top ten position in the National Student Survey since the survey was launched in 2005 . The annual income of the institution for 2017-18 was £415.5 million of which £76.1 million was from research grants and contracts , with an expenditure of £414.2 million . Exeter is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive UK universities and is also a member of Universities UK , the European University Association , and the Association of Commonwealth Universities and an accredited institution of the Association of MBAs ( AMBA ) .
Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu River across from the historic city center of Shanghai in Puxi . The name refers to its historic position as The East Bank of the Huangpu River , which flows through central Shanghai , although it is now administered as the Pudong New Area , a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea . The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai 's best-known buildings , such as the Oriental Pearl Tower , the Jin Mao Tower , the Shanghai World Financial Center , and the Shanghai Tower . These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi 's historic Bund , a remnant of former foreign concessions in China . The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai , the Shanghai Expo and Century Park , Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai Pudong International Airport , the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve , Nanhui New City , and the Shanghai Disney Resort .
Henry Bould ( or Bolde ) ( born c. 1602 ) was a Welsh academic at the University of Oxford in the 17th century .
Jesus College , Oxford , the first Protestant college at the University of Oxford , was founded by Elizabeth I in 1571 at the instigation of a Welsh clergyman , Hugh Price . The royal charter issued by Elizabeth appointed a Principal and various Fellows , Scholars and Commissioners : the Fellows to educate the Scholars and to run the college , under the overall direction of the Principal ; and the Commissioners to draw up statutes for the governance of the college , its officers and servants , and the management of the college property . The college was founded to help with the increased numbers of Welsh students at Oxford , and the founding Fellows included a number of individuals with links to Wales . The Commissioners included prominent individuals such as William Cecil , Lord Burghley , the Principal Secretary of State . The charter also gave land and buildings in Oxford to the new college . Whilst the foundation process of the college started in 1571 , it took more than fifty years and a further two charters , one in 1589 from Elizabeth and one in 1622 from her successor , James I , to complete the process . These further charters were necessary because neither the Commissioners appointed by the 1571 charter nor those appointed by the 1589 charter fulfilled their allotted task of drawing up statutes . During this time , Griffith Powell ( one of the Fellows who was pressing for statutes to be drawn up ) concluded that successive Principals were loath to have statutes , since these would limit the Principal 's powers . One Principal lost a draft copy of the statutes ; the next kept the next draft in his study for several years without taking steps to have them confirmed by the Commissioners . It was not until after the 1622 charter that statutes were approved by the Commissioners and the college was fully constituted . Despite the intention on the foundation of the college , none of the charters made special provision for Welsh students , although the students were predominantly Welsh from the outset .
Joseph Badenoch Clearihue ( 1887-1976 ) was a Canadian lawyer , judge , academic and politician .
A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law . Such degrees are generally preparation for legal careers ; but while their curricula may be reviewed by legal authority , they do not themselves confer a license . A legal license is granted ( typically by examination ) and exercised locally ; while the law degree can have local , international , and world-wide aspects- e.g. , in Britain the Legal Practice Course is required to become a British solicitor or the Bar Professional Training Course ( BPTC ) to become a barrister .
The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford . It was established in 1902 , making it the first large-scale programme of international scholarship . The Rhodes Scholarship was founded by English businessman and politician Cecil John Rhodes , to promote unity between English-speaking nations and instill a sense of civic-minded leadership and moral fortitude in future leaders irrespective of their chosen career paths . Although initially restricted to male applicants from countries which are today within the British Commonwealth , as well as Germany and the United States , today the scholarship is open to applicants from all backgrounds and from across the globe . Since its creation , controversy has surrounded both its former exclusion of women ( thus leading to the establishment of the co-educational Marshall Scholarship ) , and Rhodes ' white supremacist beliefs and legacy of colonialism . Prominent recipients of the Rhodes Scholarship include politicians , academics , scientists , authors and entrepreneurs . Notable American politicians include former president of the United States Bill Clinton , former United States national security advisor and United States ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice , former governor of Louisiana Piyush Bobby Jindal , former United States secretary of the Air Force and former congresswoman Heather Wilson , and former United States secretary of health and human services Sylvia Matthews Burwell . President of Pakistan Wasim Sajjad ; former prime minister of Malta Dom Mintoff ; former Australian prime ministers Tony Abbott , Bob Hawke and Malcolm Turnbull ; and the current deputy prime minister of Canada , Chrystia Freeland are also Rhodes Scholars . Other notable Rhodes Scholars include journalist and American television host Rachel Maddow , author Naomi Wolf , former 2020 presidential candidate and New Jersey senator Cory Booker , 2020 presidential candidate and former mayor of South Bend Pete Buttigieg , former president of Planned Parenthood Leana Wen , Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ronan Farrow , and president of the Walmart Foundation Kathleen McLaughlin . The current Warden and CEO of the Rhodes Trust , Elizabeth Kiss , is also a Rhodes Scholar . Some people offered this scholarship have not accepted it , including Sir Alimuddin Zumla , who declined the scholarship as a teenager to study medicine .
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the deliberative assembly of the Parliament of British Columbia , in the province of British Columbia , Canada . The Legislative Assembly meets in Victoria . Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as Members of the Legislative Assembly ( MLAs ) . Bills passed by the legislature are given royal assent by Elizabeth II , Queen of Canada , represented by the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia . The current Parliament is the 41st Parliament . The most recent general election was the British Columbia general election held on May 9 , 2017 . The next election is scheduled to be held on October 16 , 2021 , if the legislative assembly is not to be dissolved earlier . Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast to cable viewers in the province by Hansard Broadcasting Services .
Victoria College was an affiliated college based in Victoria , British Columbia , Canada . Founded in 1903 , it was the first post-secondary institution established in British Columbia , and served as the predecessor to the University of Victoria . As a result , the history , and traditions of the institution are perpetuated by the University of Victoria . The institution was established in 1903 as an affiliated college of McGill University , based at Victoria High School . Victoria College suspended operations when the University of British Columbia ( UBC ) opened to the public in 1915 . Victoria College resumed operations in 1921 at Craigdarroch Castle , as an affiliate of UBC . An influx in enrolment following the Second World War led the institution to move to a new location in the Uplands neighbourhood of Victoria . The institution continued to operate as an affiliated college until 1963 , when it was reorganized into an independent institution , the University of Victoria .
The University of Victoria ( UVic ) is a public comprehensive research university located in the Greater Victoria municipalities of Oak Bay and Saanich , British Columbia , Canada . The university traces its roots to Victoria College , an institution established in 1903 . The college was the first post-secondary institution established in British Columbia , and operated as an affiliated college until 1963 , when it was reorganized into the independent University of Victoria . The university has ranked as the second best comprehensive university in Canada for three successive years . The campus is situated 7 km north of Downtown Victoria and is spread over 403 acres . The university operates nine academic faculties and schools including the Peter B. Gustavson School of Business and the Faculties of Education , Engineering , Fine Arts , Human & Social Development , Humanities , Law , Science , and Social Sciences . It is the nation 's lead institution in the VENUS and NEPTUNE deep-water seafloor observatory projects . The university also hosts and leads the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions ( PICS ) and is home to two Environment Canada labs : the Canadian Center for Climate Modelling and Analysis and the Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre . The Ocean Climate Building housed at the Queenswood location is solely dedicated to ocean and climate research . Furthermore , the Institute of Integrated Energy Systems leads research on sustainable energy solutions and alternative energy sources . The university is also home to Canada 's first and only Indigenous Law degree program and to dedicated research centers for Indigenous and Environmental law . Based in the capital city of British Columbia , the university has educated many prominent legal and political leaders , including Jody Wilson-Raybould , Rona Ambrose , and Supreme Court Justice Russell Brown .
Sir Goronwy Hopkin Daniel KCVO ( 21 March 1914 - 17 January 2003 ) was a Welsh academic and civil servant . Born at Ystradgynlais , Powys , Wales , Daniel was educated at Pontardawe Grammar School , Amman Valley County School and University of Wales , Aberystwyth , where he gained a first-class degree . He obtained a D.Phil . from Jesus College , Oxford . In 1940 he married Lady Valerie , daughter of Richard Lloyd George , 2nd Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor . They had one son and two daughters . He joined the civil service in 1943 , rising to Chief Statistician in the Ministry of Fuel and Power and eventually to Permanent Under-Secretary at the Welsh Office when it was set up in 1964 . In 1969 he returned to Aberystwyth to become Principal of the University College of Wales , and was knighted the same year . He held the post for ten years . In 1977 he was appointed a Lieutenant of Dyfed . In 1982 he was appointed Chairman of the Welsh Fourth Channel Authority , having been one of the prime movers in its creation .
The Welsh Office ( Welsh : Swyddfa Gymreig ) was a department in the Government of the United Kingdom with responsibilities for Wales . It was established in April 1965 to execute government policy in Wales , and was headed by the Secretary of State for Wales , a post which had been created in October 1964 . It was disbanded on 1 July 1999 when most of its powers were transferred to the National Assembly for Wales , with some powers transferred to the Office of the Secretary of State for Wales ( Welsh : Swyddfa Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru ) . The Welsh Office took over the responsibilities related to housing , local government and town and country planning , etc . for Wales which had previously been the responsibilities of several other government departments . Its responsibilities included Monmouthshire , which for some purposes had earlier been considered by some to lie within England .
Aberystwyth University ( Welsh : Prifysgol Aberystwyth ) is a public research university in Aberystwyth , Wales . Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales . The university has over 8,000 students studying across 3 academic faculties and 17 departments . Founded in 1872 as University College Wales , Aberystwyth , it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894 and changed its name to the University College of Wales , Aberystwyth . In the mid-1990s , the university again changed its name to the University of Wales , Aberystwyth . On 1 September 2007 , the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth became independent again . Aberystwyth University is placed in the UKs top 50 universities in the main national rankings and it has become the first university to be awarded with the prestigious prize University of the year for teaching quality by The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide for two consecutive years ( 2018 and 2019 ) . According to the Research Excellence Framework REF 2014 , Aberystwyth ranks in the top 50 out of 154 in the UK for impact , quality of publications and research environment . It is the first university in the world to be awarded Plastic Free University status ( for single-use plastic items ) .
Walter Jenkin Evans ( 1 April 1856 - 10 February 1927 ) was a Welsh academic who served as Principal of Carmarthen Presbyterian College and who wrote about the history and people of Unitarianism in Carmarthen .
Roberto Gentili ( 11 September 1590 - 1655 or later ) was a translator into and from multiple languages and the son of sir Alberico Gentili . He started his university education at the age of eight , graduated at the age of twelve and became a Fellow of All Souls College , Oxford at the age of seventeen , below the minimum age , by special dispensation .
Christ Church ( Latin : Ædes Christi , the temple or house , ædēs , of Christ , and thus sometimes known as The House ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Christ Church is a joint foundation of the college and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese ( Christ Church Cathedral and its cathedral school ) , which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head . Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII , it is one of the larger colleges of the University of Oxford with 629 students in 2016 . It is also the second wealthiest college ( after St John 's ) with an endowment of £550.3m as of 2018 [ update ] . Christ Church has a number of architecturally significant buildings including Tom Tower ( designed by Sir Christopher Wren ) , Tom Quad ( the largest quadrangle in Oxford ) , and the Great Dining Hall which was also the seat of the parliament assembled by King Charles I during the English Civil War . The buildings have inspired replicas throughout the world in addition to being featured in films such as Harry Potter and The Golden Compass . This has helped Christ Church become the most popular Oxford college for tourists with almost half a million visitors annually . Christ Church has many notable alumni including thirteen British prime ministers ( more than any other Oxbridge college ) , King Edward VII , King William II of the Netherlands , seventeen Archbishops , writers Lewis Carroll ( Alice in Wonderland ) and W. H. Auden , philosopher John Locke , and scientist Robert Hooke . Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading , which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading . The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980 .
All Souls College ( official name : College of the Souls of All the Faithful Departed ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Unique to All Souls , all of its members automatically become fellows ( i.e . full members of the college 's governing body ) . It has no undergraduate members , but each year recent graduate and postgraduate students at Oxford are eligible to apply for examination fellowships through a competitive examination ( once described as the hardest exam in the world ) and , for the several shortlisted after the examinations , an interview . All Souls is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford , with a financial endowment of £420.2 million ( 2018 ) . However , since the college 's principal source of revenue is its endowment , as of 2007 it only ranked 19th among Oxford colleges in total income . All Souls is a registered charity under English law . The college is located on the north side of the High Street adjoining Radcliffe Square to the west . To the east is The Queen 's College with Hertford College to the north . The current warden ( head of the college ) is Sir John Vickers , a graduate of Oriel College , Oxford .
Alberico Gentili ( January 14 , 1552 - June 19 , 1608 ) was an Italian jurist , tutor of Queen Elizabeth I , and a standing advocate to the Spanish Embassy in London , who served as the Regius professor of civil law at the University of Oxford for 21 years . [ note 1 ] He is heralded as the founder of the science of international law alongside Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius , [ note 2 ] and thus known as the Father of international law . [ note 3 ] Gentili has been the earliest writer on public international law . [ note 4 ] In 1587 , he became the first non-English person to be a Regius Professor . [ note 5 ] Gentili authored several books , which are recognized to be among the most essential for international legal doctrines , yet that also include theological and literary subjects . [ note 6 ] Legal scholars say that Gentili was the first who attempted to provide the world anything like a regular system of natural jurisprudence , and his treatise , On the Laws of War and Peace , with all its discolorations , is conceivably at the current day the most complete work on the subject . [ note 7 ] It was occasioned by a case on which Gentili 's counsel was sought . In 1584 Gentili and Jean Hotman , Marquis de Villers-St-Paul were asked by the government to advise on the treatment of Spanish ambassador Bernardino de Mendoza , who had been implicated in the so-called Throckmorton plot against Queen Elizabeth I . [ note 8 ] As a result , Mendoza was expelled from England .
The Regius Chair of Civil Law , founded in the 1540s , is one of the oldest of the professorships at the University of Oxford .
Lewis Gilbertson ( 1814 - 2 April 1896 ) was a Welsh clergyman and academic , who was a Fellow of Jesus College , Oxford for 32 years , rising to the position of Vice-Principal .
Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .
Ceredigion ( UK : /ˌkɛrəˈdɪɡiən/ KERR-ə-DIG-ee-ən , US : /-iɒn/ -⁠ee-on , Welsh : [ kɛrɛˈdɪɡjɔn ] ( listen ) ) is a principal area of Wales , corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire . During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom . It has been administered as a county since 1282 . Welsh is spoken by more than half the population . Ceredigion is considered to be a centre of Welsh culture . The county is mainly rural with over 50 miles ( 80 km ) of coastline and a mountainous hinterland . The numerous sandy beaches and the long-distance Ceredigion Coast Path provide excellent views of Cardigan Bay . In the 18th and early 19th centuries , Cardiganshire had more industry than it does today ; Cardigan was the commercial centre of the county ; lead , silver and zinc were mined and Cardigan was the principal port of South Wales prior to the silting of its harbour . The economy became highly dependent on dairy farming and the rearing of livestock for the English market . During the 20th century , livestock farming became less profitable , and the county 's population declined as people moved to the more prosperous parts of Wales or emigrated . However , there has been a population increase caused by elderly people moving to the county for retirement , and various government initiatives have encouraged tourism and other alternative sources of income . Ceredigion 's population at the 2011 UK census was 75,900 .
Joseph Hoare ( 1709 - 26 May 1802 ) was a Welsh clergyman and Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1768 to 1802 . The son of Joseph Hoare , from Cardiff , Wales , Hoare studied at Jesus College from 1727 ( when he was 18 ) , obtaining his BA in 1730 and his MA in 1733 . He was a Prebendary of Westminster Abbey . He was appointed Principal in 1768 . During his time as Principal , he donated £200 towards restoration of the college 's Old Quadrangle . In 1798 , he also subscribed £100 for the prosecution of the [ Napoleonic ] war and £21 for muskets and necessaries for the University corps . He held the post of Principal for the third-longest time in the college 's history . He died in 1802 after having been scratched by his cat . He bequeathed hundreds of volumes of books to the college library . He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May , 1753 .
A prebendary is a member of the Anglican or Roman Catholic clergy , a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church . When attending services , prebendaries sit in particular seats , usually at the back of the choir stalls , known as prebendal stalls . A prebend is the form of benefice held by a prebendary : historically , the stipend attached to it was usually drawn from specific sources in the income of a cathedral 's estates . In the 21st century , many remaining prebendaries hold an honorary position which does not carry an income with it .
Westminster Abbey , formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster , is a large , mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster , London , England , just to the west of the Palace of Westminster . It is one of the United Kingdom 's most notable religious buildings and the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and , later , British monarchs . The building itself was a Benedictine monastic church until the monastery was dissolved in 1539 . Between 1540 and 1556 , the abbey had the status of a cathedral . Since 1560 , the building is no longer an abbey or a cathedral , having instead the status of a Church of England Royal Peculiar - a church responsible directly to the sovereign . According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080 , a church was founded at the site ( then known as Thorn Ey ( Thorn Island ) ) in the seventh century , at the time of Mellitus , a Bishop of London . Construction of the present church began in 1245 , on the orders of King Henry III . Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066 , all coronations of English and British monarchs have been in Westminster Abbey . There have been 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100 . As the burial site of more than 3,300 persons , usually of prominence in British history ( including at least sixteen monarchs , eight Prime Ministers , poets laureate , actors , scientists , military leaders , and the Unknown Warrior ) , Westminster Abbey is sometimes described as 'Britain 's Valhalla ' , after the iconic burial hall of Norse mythology .
David Hughes ( 1753 or 1754 - 1817 ) was Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1802 until his death by suicide in 1817 . He was also Rector of Besselsleigh . He donated £105 to the college in 1809 to increase the value of scholarships for those entering the college from South Wales and England , to reduce the disparity with scholarships for those from North Wales . Hughes studied at Jesus College , obtaining his BA in 1770 , his MA in 1776 , his BD in 1783 and his DD in 1790 .
Henry Foulkes ( b. c.1773 - 17 September 1857 ) of North Wales was Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1817 to his death . He holds the record for the long-serving Principal of the college . He studied at Jesus College , and was awarded his BA in 1794 , his MA in 1797 , his BD in 1804 and his DD in 1817 . At the time of his death , he was reported as being 84 years old , and he had not played a part in university life for some years on account of the infirmities attendant on old age .
Francis Bernhard Heiser ( died 14 December 1952 ) was a British Anglican priest who was principal of Fourah Bay College in Sierra Leone before becoming principal of St Aidan 's Theological College in Birkenhead .
Fourah Bay College is a public university in the neighbourhood of Mount Aureol in Freetown , Sierra Leone . Founded on 18 February 1827 , it is the oldest university in West Africa and the first western-style university built in West Africa . It is a constituent college of the University of Sierra Leone ( USL ) and was formerly affiliated with Durham University ( 1876-1967 ) .
Sierra Leone ( /siˌɛrə liˈoʊn ( i ) / ( listen ) , also UK : /siˌɛərə -/ , US : /ˌsɪərə -/ ) , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone , informally Salone , is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa . It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea to the northeast . Sierra Leone has a tropical climate , with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests , and a total area of 71,740 km2 ( 27,699 sq mi ) and a population of 7,075,641 as of the 2015 census . The capital and largest city is Freetown . Sierra Leone is divided into five administrative regions , which are further subdivided into sixteen districts . Sierra Leone was a British Crown Colony from 1808 to April 27 , 1961 , when it achieved independence from Britain as Milton Margai became the country 's first Prime Minister . Milton Margai 's political party , the Sierra Leone People 's Party ( SLPP ) , under the leadership of Albert Margai , narrowly lost the 1967 Sierra Leone parliamentary elections to the main opposition party , the All People 's Congress ( APC ) , led by Siaka Stevens . Stevens , a political strongman , ruled Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985 when he retired from politics due to poor health . On 19 April 1971 , Stevens ' government abolished Sierra Leone 's parliamentary government system and declared Sierra Leone a presidential republic . From 1978 to 1985 , president Stevens APC party was the only legal political party in Sierra Leone . The current multiparty democratic constitution of Sierra Leone was adopted in 1991 by the government of President Joseph Saidu Momoh , Stevens ' hand picked successor , just as the rebel group Revolutionary United Front , led by former imprisoned Sierra Leone army officer Foday Sankoh , launched a brutal civil war in the country . On 29 April 1992 , a group of Junior soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army led by a 25 year old Captain Valentine Strasser overthrew President Momoh , and Sierra Leone was under Military rule from 1992 to 1996 during the civil war .
Birkenhead ( /ˌbɜːrkənˈhɛd/ ) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral , Merseyside , England . Historically until 1974 in Cheshire , it is on the Wirral Peninsula , along the west bank of the River Mersey , opposite the city of Liverpool . At the 2011 census , it had a population of 88,818 . Birkenhead Priory and the Mersey Ferry were established in the 12th century . In the 19th century , Birkenhead expanded greatly as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution . Birkenhead Park and Hamilton Square were laid out as well as the first street tramway in Britain . The Mersey Railway connected Birkenhead and Liverpool , with the world 's first tunnel beneath a tidal estuary , and the shipbuilding firm Cammell Laird and a seaport were established . In the second half of the 20th century , the town suffered a significant period of decline , with containerisation causing a reduction in port activity . The Wirral Waters development is planned to regenerate much of the dockland .
Wilfred John Hinton ( 7 November 1887 - 20 June 1949 ) was an economist and expert on international relations . He was a professor of the University of Hong Kong and thereafter was the Director of Studies for the Institute of Bankers from 1929 until his death .
The University of Hong Kong ( HKU ) is a public research university in Hong Kong . Founded in 1911 , its origins trace back to the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese , which was founded in 1887 . It is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong . Also , HKU is the first university established by the British Empire in East Asia . HKU has always been the best university in Hong Kong and one of the best universities in Asia . As of 2019 , HKU ranks second in Asia by QS and fourth by THE , and around top 30 internationally . It has been commonly regarded as one of the most internationalized universities in the world as well as one of the most prestigious universities in Asia . Today , HKU has ten academic faculties with English as the main language of instruction . HKU also ranks highly in the sciences , dentistry , biomedicine , education , humanities , law , economics , business administration , linguistics , political science , and the social sciences . The University of Hong Kong was also the first team in the world to successfully isolate the coronavirus , the causative agent of SARS .
The London Institute of Banking & Finance is the oldest training and professional body for banking and financial services in England and Wales , and works internationally with partners to establish high ethical and professional standards across the sector around the world . In 2019 , the Institute celebrated its 140th anniversary with a series of events and the publication of Banking on Change . It also hosted the 23rd World Conference of Banking Institutes .
George Howells ( 11 May 1871 - 7 November 1955 ) was a Welsh academic and writer , who was Principal of Serampore College , India from 1907 to 1932 .
Serampore College is located in Serampore , in West Bengal state , India . Established in 1818 , it is the second oldest college in the country after Presidency College Calcutta , and one of the oldest educational institutes in India that is still functional . The college consists of two entities : The theological faculty and a separate college with faculties of arts , science , commerce . The Senate of Serampore College ( University ) runs the academic administration of all the theological colleges affiliated with it . The council of Serampore College holds a Danish charter and had the power to confer degrees in any subject , which it currently exercises only for conferring theological degrees as recommended by the senate . Degrees are awarded for arts , science and commerce students of the Serampore College by the University of Calcutta . For theology , the college is affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College ( University ) . Several theological colleges and seminaries all over India including Nepal , Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College ( University ) . The present principal is Dr. Vansanglura .
Gwilym Iwan Jones ( 3 May 1904 - 25 January 1995 ) was a Welsh photographer and anthropologist . His photographs of life in Nigeria in the 1930s , taken whilst serving as a colonial District Officer , led to an interest in ethnology and a second career as an academic at the University of Cambridge .
The history of the world , in common parlance , is the history of humanity ( or human history ) , as determined from archeology , anthropology , genetics , linguistics , and other disciplines ; and , for periods since the invention of writing , from recorded history and from secondary sources and studies . Humanity 's written history was preceded by its prehistory , beginning with the Palaeolithic Era ( Old Stone Age ) , followed by the Neolithic Era ( New Stone Age ) . The Neolithic saw the Agricultural Revolution begin , between 8000 and 5000 BCE , in the Near East 's Fertile Crescent . During this period , humans began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals . As agriculture advanced , most humans transitioned from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle as farmers in permanent settlements . The relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed communities to expand into increasingly larger units , fostered by advances in transportation . Whether in prehistoric or historic times , people always needed to be near reliable sources of potable water . Settlements developed on river banks as early as 3000 BCE in Mesopotamia , on the banks of Egypt 's Nile River , in the Indus River valley , and along China 's rivers . As farming developed , grain agriculture became more sophisticated and prompted a division of labour to store food between growing seasons . Labour divisions led to the rise of a leisured upper class and the development of cities , which provided the foundation for civilization . The growing complexity of human societies necessitated systems of accounting and writing . With civilizations flourishing , ancient history ( Antiquity , including the Classical Age , up to about 500 CE ) saw the rise and fall of empires .
The Colonial Service , also known as His/Her Majesty 's Colonial Service and replaced in 1954 by Her Majesty 's Overseas Civil Service ( HMOCS ) , was the British government service which administered most of Britain 's overseas possessions , under the authority of the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the Colonial Office in London . It did not operate in British India , where the same function was delivered by the Indian Civil Service , nor in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , which was administered by the Sudan Political Service , nor in the internally self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia .
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology . Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies . Social anthropology , cultural anthropology , and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies . Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life , while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior . Biological ( physical ) , forensic , and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans , the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting , and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time , respectively .
Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge , England . The college 's full name is The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary , Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund , near Cambridge . Its common name comes from the name of its chapel , Jesus Chapel . Jesus College was established between 1496 and 1516 on the site of the twelfth-century Benedictine nunnery of St Mary and St Radegund by John Alcock , then Bishop of Ely . The cockerel is the symbol of Jesus College , after the surname of its founder . Jesus College has assets of approximately £336m making it Cambridges fifth-wealthiest college . The college is known for its particularly expansive grounds which include its sporting fields and for its close proximity to its boathouse . Three members of Jesus College have received a Nobel Prize . Two fellows of the college have been appointed to the International Court of Justice . Notable alumni include Thomas Cranmer , Samuel Taylor Coleridge , Thomas Robert Malthus , Lord Reid , Lord Toulson , Sir Rupert Jackson , Sir David Hare , Sir Roger Scruton , Nick Hornby , and the members of the band Clean Bandit . Sonita Alleyne was elected master of Jesus College in 2019 . She will be the first woman to hold the role , 40 years after the college began admitting women as students .
Maurice Antonia Jones ( born September 14 , 1964 ) is the president and CEO of the Local Initiatives Support Corporation , a national community development financial institution . Previously , he served as the Deputy Undersecretary of HUD in the Obama administration , and then as the Virginia Secretary of Commerce in the cabinet of Governor Terry McAuliffe . Jones was born in rural Mecklenburg County and grew up on his grandparents ' tobacco farm near the town of Kenbridge . He earned a bachelor 's degree in political science from Hampden-Sydney College before attending Oxford on a Rhodes scholarship and the University of Virginia School of Law .
University of Wales , Lampeter ( Welsh : Prifysgol Cymru , Llanbedr Pont Steffan ) is a university in Lampeter , Wales . Founded in 1822 , and given its royal charter in 1828 , it is the oldest degree awarding institution in Wales , with degree awarding powers since 1822 , and the fourth oldest institution of higher learning in England and Wales after the universities of Oxford , Cambridge and Durham ( founded as a university in 1832 ) . St. David 's was a college . In 2010 it merged with Trinity University College ( under its 1822 charter ) to create the University of Wales Trinity Saint David . The university was founded as St David 's College ( Coleg Dewi Sant ) , becoming St David 's University College ( Coleg Prifysgol Dewi Sant ) in 1971 , when it became part of the federal University of Wales . With fewer than 2,000 students on campus , it is often claimed to be one of the smallest public universities in Europe .
Thomas Jones ( 1810 - 29 November 1875 ) was a Welsh librarian , who was librarian of Chetham 's Library in Manchester from 1845 to 1875 .
Chetham 's Library in Manchester , England , is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom . Chetham 's Hospital , which contains both the library and Chetham 's School of Music , was established in 1653 under the will of Humphrey Chetham ( 1580-1653 ) , for the education of the sons of honest , industrious and painful parents , and a library for the use of scholars . The library has been in continuous use since 1653 . It operates as an independent charity , open to readers free of charge , Monday-Friday 09.00-12.30 and 13.30-16.30 by prior appointment . Tours of the Library for visitors are bookable online from 2 September 2019 via the Library website . The library holds more than 100,000 volumes of printed books , of which 60,000 were published before 1851 . They include collections of 16th- and 17th-century printed works , periodicals and journals , local history sources , broadsides and ephemera . Chetham 's Library is an Accredited Museum under the Arts Council England Accreditation scheme . The whole of its collections are Designated as a collection of national and international importance under the Museums , Libraries and Archives Council Designation scheme , now administered by Arts Council England . Paintings featured as a part of the library 's fine arts collection include portraits of William Whitaker , the Reverend John Radcliffe , Robert Thyer , the Reverend Francis Robert Raines , and Elizabeth Leigh . The collection includes An Allegory with Putti and Satyrs , oil on canvas , attributed to sixteenth century artist and Netherlander Vincent Sellaer . One of the most substantial collections pertains to Belle Vue Zoo and Gardens , Manchester 's most renowned entertainment attraction and zoological center , in operation from the 1830s to the 1980s .
Manchester ( /ˈmæntʃɛstər/ ) is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester , England , with a population of 547,627 as of 2018 ( 5th most populous English district ) . It lies within the United Kingdom 's second-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.9 million , and second-most populous metropolitan area , with a population of 3.3 million . It is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south , the Pennines to the north and east , and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation . The local authority for the city is Manchester City Council . The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium or Mancunium , which was established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell . It is historically a part of Lancashire , although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated in the 20th century . The first to be included , Wythenshawe , was added to the city in 1931 . Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township , but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century . Manchester 's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution , and resulted in it becoming the world 's first industrialised city . Manchester achieved city status in 1853 . The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894 , creating the Port of Manchester and directly linking the city to the Irish Sea , 36 miles ( 58 km ) to the west . Its fortune declined after the Second World War , owing to deindustrialisation , but the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration .
William Jones ( 26 February 1676 - 29 November 1725 ) , born Kidwelly , Wales , was Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1720 to 1725 . He had previously been a student of the college , obtaining his BA in 1697 , his MA in 1700 , his BD in 1708 and his DD in 1720 .
Deepak ( Kumar ) Lal ( born 1940 ) is an Indian British neo-liberal economist , originally of India .
Philosophy , politics and economics or politics , philosophy , and economics ( PPE ) is an interdisciplinary undergraduate or postgraduate degree which combines study from three disciplines . The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s . This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi , Burmese politician and State Counsellor of Myanmar , Nobel Peace Prize winner ; Princess Haya bint Hussein daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and wife of the ruler of Dubai ; Christopher Hitchens , the British-American polemicist , Oscar winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck ; Philippa Foot a British philosopher ; Harold Wilson , Edward Heath and David Cameron , former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom ; Hugh Gaitskell , William Hague and Ed Miliband , former Leaders of the Opposition ; former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan ; and Malcolm Fraser , Bob Hawke and Tony Abbott , former Prime Ministers of Australia . The course received fresh attention in 2017 , when Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai earned a place . In the 1980s , the University of York went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model ; King 's College London , the University of Warwick , the University of Manchester , and other British universities later followed . According to the BBC , the Oxford PPE dominate [ s ] public life ( in the UK ) . It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world . More recently Warwick University and Kings College added a new degree under the name of PPL ( Politics , Philosophy and Law ) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees . In the United States , it is offered by two Ivy League universities -- the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University ( under the designation Ethics , Politics and Economics ) . In the non-English speaking world the French grande école Sciences Po ( Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris originally , now existing in 8 other big French cities : Aix , Bordeaux , Grenoble , Lille , Lyon , Rennes , Strasbourg and Toulouse ) offers since the late 19th century an approaching cursus with a wide variety of electives . Sciences Po has been emulated in a number of countries . A good number of French political and entrepreunarial elite and civil servants are Sciences Po graduates , though the vast majority of political ministers and elected officials at the national level prefers or adds the even more selective grande école ENA ( École Nationale d'Administration ) .
Development economics is a branch of economics which deals with economic aspects of the development process in low income countries . Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development , economic growth and structural change but also on improving the potential for the mass of the population , for example , through health , education and workplace conditions , whether through public or private channels . Development economics involves the creation of theories and methods that aid in the determination of policies and practices and can be implemented at either the domestic or international level . This may involve restructuring market incentives or using mathematical methods such as intertemporal optimization for project analysis , or it may involve a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods . Unlike in many other fields of economics , approaches in development economics may incorporate social and political factors to devise particular plans . Also unlike many other fields of economics , there is no consensus on what students should know . Different approaches may consider the factors that contribute to economic convergence or non-convergence across households , regions , and countries .
The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference .
The Very Rev . Llewelyn Lewellin ( 3 August 1798 - 25 November 1878 ) was a cleric and academic , the first principal of St David 's College , Lampeter and the first Dean of St David 's . Lewellin was born the third son of Richard and Maria Lewellin , near Bridgend , Glamorgan . He was educated at Cowbridge Grammar School and Jesus College , Oxford , graduating with a BA in 1822 , an MA in 1824 , a BCL in 1827 and a DCL in 1829 . Whilst studying at Oxford , he was ordained deacon in 1822 and priest in 1823 by the bishop of Oxford . Lewellin was , in 1826 , offered , and accepted , the headmastership of Bruton Grammar School , Somerset . Instead of taking this up , however , he went to Saint Davids College ( now the University of Wales , Trinity Saint David ) , as its first principal in 1827 and held the post until his death in Lampeter , where he is also buried .
A dean , in a church context , is a cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy . The title is used mainly in the Anglican Communion , the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Roman Catholic Church , and many Lutheran denominations . A dean 's assistant is called a subdean .
St Davids Cathedral ( Welsh : Eglwys Gadeiriol Tyddewi ) is situated in St Davids in the county of Pembrokeshire , on the most westerly point of Wales .
Harold Loukes ( 1 March 1912 - 7 August 1980 ) was a British academic in India and at the University of Oxford . Loukes was born in Ecclesall , Sheffield , Yorkshire . He was educated at the Central Secondary School in Sheffield before studying English at Jesus College , Oxford . He obtained a first-class degree in 1934 and then spent 10 years teaching at the University of Delhi and at the New School in Darjeeling , where he was headmaster . In 1945 , he returned to Britain , teaching for four years before being appointed a lecturer in the Department of Education of the University of Oxford . In 1951 , he was promoted to Reader in Education ; he spent a total of 30 years in the department . In addition to his publications , he was a magistrate and member of Oxford City Education Committee . He was a devoted member of the Society of Friends , known as the Quakers , and his books on the subject included Friends Face Reality , The Discovery of Quakerism , and The Quaker Contribution .
The University of Delhi , informally known as Delhi University ( DU ) , is a collegiate public central university , located in New Delhi , India . It was founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly . As a collegiate university , its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university and affiliated colleges . Consisting of three colleges , two faculties , and 750 students at its founding , the University of Delhi has since become India 's largest institution of higher learning and among the largest in the world . The university currently consists of 16 faculties and 86 departments distributed across its North and South campuses . It has 77 affiliated colleges and 5 other institutes . The Vice-President of India serves as the University 's chancellor .
The title of reader in the United Kingdom and some universities in the Commonwealth of Nations , for example India , Australia and New Zealand , denotes an appointment for a senior academic with a distinguished international reputation in research or scholarship .