List of youngest state leaders since 1900
Monarchs
Table:
Name

Position

Born

Assumed office

Age

Notes

Fuad II

King of Egypt

1952

1952

6 months

Puyi

Emperor of China

1906

1908

2

Gyanendra of Nepal

King of Nepal

1947

1950

3

Tenzin Gyatso

Dalai Lama of Tibet

1935

1940

4

Michael I of Romania

King of Romania

1921

1927

5

Simeon II

Tsar of Bulgaria

1937

1943

6

Duy Tân

Emperor of Vietnam

1900

1907

7

Ananda Mahidol

King of Thailand

1925

1935

9

Assumed power following a 10-year regency.

Ahmad Shah Qajar

Shah of Iran

1898

1909

11

Assumed power following a 5-year regency.

Hussein

King of Jordan

1935

1952

16

Jigme Singye Wangchuck

King of Bhutan

1955

1972

16

Alfonso XIII

King of Spain

1886

1902

16

Assumed power following a 16-year regency.

Tribhuvan

King of Nepal

1906

1923

17

Ruled as King under colonial rule since 1918.

Farouk I

King of Egypt

1920

1937

17

Assumed power following a 1-year regency.

Marie-Adélaïde

Grand Duchess of Luxembourg

1894

1912

17

Peter II

King of Yugoslavia

1923

1941

17

Assumed power following a 6-year regency.

Iyasu V

Emperor of Ethiopia

1895

1913

18

Faisal II

King of Iraq

1935

1953

18

Assumed power following a 14-year regency.

Mswati III

King of Eswatini

1968

1986

18

Assumed power following a 3-year regency.

Manuel II

King of Portugal

1889

1908

18

Drawing on the table and the passages listed.

Solve the question: On what date did the person who became king at age 11 take their position ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Fuad II ( Arabic : فؤاد الثاني , Turkish : II . Fuat or Ahmet Fuat ; born 16 January 1952 as Prince Ahmad Fuad ) is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty . He formally reigned as the last King of Egypt and the Sudan from July 1952 to June 1953 , when he was deposed .
King of Egypt ( Arabic : ملك مصر Malik Miṣr ) was the title used by the ruler of Egypt between 1922 and 1951 . When the United Kingdom ended its protectorate over Egypt on 28 February 1922 , Egypt 's Sultan Fouad I issued a decree on 15 March 1922 whereby he adopted the title of King of Egypt . It has been reported that the title change was due not only to Egypt 's newly independent status , but also to Fouad I 's desire to be accorded the same title as the newly installed rulers of the newly created kingdoms of Hejaz , Syria and Iraq . The only other monarch to be styled King of Egypt was Fouad I 's son Farouk I , whose title was changed to King of Egypt and the Sudan in October 1951 following the Wafdist government 's unilateral abrogation of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 . The monarchy was abolished on 18 June 1953 following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and the establishment of a republic . The then-king , the infant Fuad II of Egypt ( Farouk having abdicated following the revolution ) , went into exile in Switzerland . The rulers of Ancient Egypt may be described using the title King ( a translation of the Egyptian word nsw ) or Pharaoh ( derived from pr ˤ3 ) .
Puyi ( Chinese : 溥儀 ; 7 February 1906 - 17 October 1967 ) was the last Emperor of China as the 12th and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty , China 's last imperial dynasty . As a child , he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor ( pronounced [ ɕwántʰʊ̀ŋ ] ; Chinese : 宣統帝 ; Manchu : ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠩᡤᡝᠶᠣᠰᠣᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ ; Möllendorff : gehungge yoso hūwangdi ) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912 , after the Xinhai Revolution . He was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun from 1 July to 12 July 1917 . In 1932 , after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria , the puppet state of Manchukuo was established by Japan , and he was chosen to become Emperor of the new state using the era-name of Datong ( Ta-tung ) . In 1934 , he was declared the Kangde Emperor ( or Kang-te Emperor ) of Manchukuo and ruled until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945 . After the People 's Republic of China was established in 1949 , Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years , wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference and the National People 's Congress .
Emperor of China ( Chinese : 皇帝 ; realized as Huáng dì in Standard Chinese ) is the title given the monarch of China during the imperial period of Chinese history . In traditional Chinese political theory , the Emperor was considered the Son of Heaven and the autocrat of All under Heaven . Under the Han dynasty , Confucianism replaced Legalism as the official political theory and succession theoretically followed agnatic primogeniture . The Chinese emperors who shared the same family were classified into historical periods known as dynasties . The absolute authority of the emperor was notionally bound with various duties and obligations ; failure to uphold these was thought to remove the dynasty 's Mandate of Heaven and to justify its replacement . In practice , emperors and heirs sometimes avoided the strict rules of succession and dynasties ' ostensible failures were detailed in official histories written by their successful replacements . The power of the emperor was also often limited by the imperial bureaucracy staffed by scholar-officials and eunuchs and by filial obligations to surviving parents and to dynastic traditions , such as those detailed in the Ming dynasty 's Ancestral Instructions .
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( Nepali : ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह ; gyānendra Śāh ; born 7 July 1947 ) reigned as the last King of Nepal from 2001 to 2008 and is also known as the world 's last Hindu king . As a child , he was briefly king from 1950 to 1951 , when his grandfather , Tribhuvan , went into exile in India with the rest of his family . His second reign began after the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre . Gyanendra 's second reign was marked by constitutional turmoil . His predecessor King Birendra had established a constitutional monarchy in which he delegated policy to a representative government . The growing insurgency of the Nepalese Civil War during King Gyanendra 's reign interfered with elections of representatives . After several delays in elections , King Gyanendra suspended the constitution and assumed direct authority in February 2005 , asserting that it would be a temporary measure to suppress the Maoist insurgency . In the face of broad opposition , he restored the previous parliament in April 2006 . His reign ended about two years later , when the Nepalese Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a republic and abolished the monarchy . [ citation needed ]
The King of Nepal ( traditionally known as the Mahārājādhirāja i.e . Great King of Kings ; it can also be translated as Sovereign Emperor ( Nepali : श्री ५ महाराजधिराज ) ) was Nepal 's head of state and monarch from 1768 to 2008 . He served as the head of the Nepalese monarchy - Shah Dynasty . The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly . The subnational monarchies in Mustang , Bajhang , Salyan , and Jajarkot were also abolished in October .
The 14th Dalai Lama [ note 1 ] ( religious name : Tenzin Gyatso , shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso ; born Lhamo Dhondup ; [ note 2 ] 6 July 1935 ) is the current Dalai Lama . Dalai Lamas are important monks of the Gelug school , the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism , which was formally headed by the Ganden Tripas . From the time of the 5th Dalai Lama to 1959 , the central government of Tibet , the Ganden Phodrang , invested the position of Dalai Lama with temporal duties . The 14th Dalai Lama was born in Taktser , Amdo , Tibet . He was selected as the tulku of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1937 and formally recognized as the 14th Dalai Lama in a public declaration near the town of Bumchen in 1939 . On 26 January 1940 , the Regent Reting Rinpoche requested the Central Government to exempt Tenzin Gyatso from the lot-drawing process of the Golden Urn to become the 14th Dalai Lama . The request was approved by the Central Government . His enthronement ceremony as the Dalai Lama was held in Lhasa on 22 February 1940 and he eventually assumed full temporal ( political ) duties on 17 November 1950 , at the age of 15 , after the People 's Republic of China 's occupation of Tibet . The Gelug school 's government administered an area roughly corresponding to the Tibet Autonomous Region , just as the nascent PRC wished to assert control over it . During the 1959 Tibetan uprising , the Dalai Lama fled to India , where he currently lives as a refugee . He has traveled the world and has spoken about the welfare of Tibetans , environment , economics , women 's rights , nonviolence , interfaith dialogue , physics , astronomy , Buddhism and science , cognitive neuroscience , reproductive health , and sexuality , along with various topics of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist teachings . A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 , the US Congressional Gold Medal in 2006 , Time magazine named him one of the Children of Mahatma Gandhi and his spiritual heir to nonviolence .
Dalai Lama is a title given by the Tibetan people for the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or Yellow Hat school of Tibetan Buddhism , the newest of the classical schools of Tibetan Buddhism . The 14th and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso , who lives as a refugee in India . The Dalai Lama is also considered to be the successor in a line of tulkus who are believed to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara , a Bodhisattva of Compassion . The name is a combination of the Mongolic word dalai meaning ocean or big ( coming from Mongolian title Dalaiyin qan or Dalaiin khan , translated as Gyatso in Tibetan ) and the Tibetan word བླ་མ་ ( bla-ma ) meaning master , guru . Since the time of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century , his personage has always been a symbol of unification of the state of Tibet , where he has represented Buddhist values and traditions . The Dalai Lama was an important figure of the Geluk tradition , which was politically and numerically dominant in Central Tibet , but his religious authority went beyond sectarian boundaries . While he had no formal or institutional role in any of the religious traditions , which were headed by their own high lamas , he was a unifying symbol of the Tibetan state , representing Buddhist values and traditions above any specific school . The traditional function of the Dalai Lama as an ecumenical figure , holding together disparate religious and regional groups , has been taken up by the present fourteenth Dalai Lama . He has worked to overcome sectarian and other divisions in the exiled community and has become a symbol of Tibetan nationhood for Tibetans both in Tibet and in exile . From 1642 until 1705 and from 1750 to the 1950s , the Dalai Lamas or their regents headed the Tibetan government ( or Ganden Phodrang ) in Lhasa which governed all or most of the Tibetan Plateau with varying degrees of autonomy under the Qing Dynasty of China , in which Tibet had been under non-Tibetan suzerainty , and a period of disputed de facto independence between 1913 and 1951 . This Tibetan government also enjoyed the patronage and protection of firstly Mongol kings of the Khoshut and Dzungar Khanates ( 1642-1720 ) and then of the emperors of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty ( 1720-1912 ) . In 1913 , several Tibetan representatives including Agvan Dorzhiev signed a treaty between Tibet and Mongolia , proclaiming mutual recognition and their independence from China , however the legitimacy of the treaty and declared independence of Tibet was rejected by both the Republic of China and the current People 's Republic of China .
Michael I ( Romanian : Mihai I [ miˈhaj ] ; 25 October 1921 - 5 December 2017 ) was the last King of Romania , reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his forced abdication on 30 December 1947 . Shortly after Michael 's birth , his father , Crown Prince Carol of Romania , had become involved in a controversial relationship with Magda Lupescu . In 1925 , Carol was pressured to renounce his rights to the throne and moved to Paris in exile with Lupescu . In 1927 , Michael ascended the throne , following the death of his grandfather King Ferdinand I . As Michael was still a minor , a regency council was instituted , composed of his uncle Prince Nicholas , Patriarch Miron Cristea , and the president of the Supreme Court , Gheorghe Buzdugan . The council proved to be ineffective and , in 1930 , Carol returned to Romania and replaced his son as monarch , reigning as Carol II . As a result , Michael returned to being heir apparent to the throne and was given the additional title of Grand Voievod of Alba-Iulia . Carol II was deposed in 1940 , and Michael once again became king . Under the government led by the military dictator Ion Antonescu , Romania became aligned with Nazi Germany . In 1944 , Michael participated in a coup against Antonescu , appointed Constantin Sănătescu as his replacement , and subsequently declared an alliance with the Allies . In March 1945 , political pressures forced Michael to appoint a pro-Soviet government headed by Petru Groza . From August 1945 to January 1946 , Michael went on a royal strike and unsuccessfully tried to oppose Groza 's Communist-controlled government by refusing to sign and endorse its decrees .
The King of the Romanians ( Romanian : Regele Românilor ) or King of Romania ( Romanian : Regele României ) , was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947 , when the Romanian Workers ' Party proclaimed the Romanian People 's Republic following Michael I 's forced abdication .
Simeon Borisov Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ( Bulgarian : Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски , Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski ; born 16 June 1937 ) , known formerly or by courtesy as King Simeon II or Tsar Simeon II ( Bulgarian : Цар Симеон II ) , was the last reigning Tsar of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1946 , before later serving as Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 2001 to 2005 . During his reign as Simeon II , Tsar of Bulgaria , he was a minor , with royal authority being exercised over the tsardom on his behalf by a regency led by Simeon 's uncle Prince Kiril , General Nikola Mihov and the prime minister , Bogdan Filov . In 1946 the monarchy was abolished as a consequence of a referendum , and Simeon was forced into exile in Spain . He returned to his home country in 1996 , formed the political party National Movement for Stability and Progress ( NMSP ) and was elected Prime Minister of the Republic of Bulgaria from July 2001 until August 2005 . In the next elections , as a leader of NMSP , he took part in a coalition government with the ex-communist party BSP . In 2009 , after NMSP failed to win any seats in Parliament , he left politics . Simeon is one of the two remaining living heads of state from the time of World War II ( the other is Tenzin Gyatso , 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet ) , the only living person who has borne the title Tsar , and one of only two former monarchs in history to have become head of government through democratic elections ( the other is the now-deceased Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia ) .
The monarchs of Bulgaria ruled the country during three periods of its history as an independent country : from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 to the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria in 1018 ; from the Uprising of Asen and Peter that established the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185 to the annexation of the rump Bulgarian principality into the Ottoman Empire in 1396 ; and from the re-establishment of an independent Bulgaria in 1878 to the abolition of monarchy in a referendum held on 15 September 1946 . Early Bulgarian rulers possibly used the title Kanasubigi ( Khan ) , later knyaz ( prince ) for a brief period , and subsequently tsar ( emperor ) . The title tsar , the Bulgarian form of the Latin Caesar , was first adopted and used in Bulgaria by Simeon I , following a decisive victory over the Byzantine Empire in 913 . It was also used by all of Simeon I 's successors until the fall of Bulgaria under Ottoman rule in 1396 . After Bulgaria 's liberation from the Ottomans in 1878 , its first monarch Alexander I adopted the title knyaz , or prince . However , when de jure independence was proclaimed under his successor Ferdinand in 1908 , the title was elevated to the customary tsar once more . The use of tsar continued under Ferdinand and later under his heirs Boris III and Simeon II until the abolition of monarchy in 1946 . While the title tsar was translated as emperor in the First and Second Bulgarian Empires , it was translated as king in modern Bulgaria . In the few surviving medieval Bulgarian royal charters , the monarchs of Bulgaria styled themselves as In Christ the Lord Faithful Emperor and Autocrat of all Bulgarians or similar variations , sometimes including . and Romans , Greeks , or Vlachs . This list does not include the mythical Bulgar rulers and the rulers of Old Great Bulgaria listed in the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans as well as unsuccessful claimants to the throne who are not generally listed among the Bulgarian monarchs .
Emperor Duy Tân , sans-serif } .
This article lists the monarchs of Vietnam .
Ananda Mahidol ( Thai : พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล ; RTGS : Ananthamahidon ; 20 September 1925 - 9 June 1946 ) , posthumous reigning title Phra Athamaramathibodin , was the eighth monarch of Siam from the Chakri dynasty as Rama VIII . At the time he was recognised as king by the National Assembly in March 1935 , he was a nine-year-old boy living in Switzerland . He returned to Thailand in December 1945 , but six months later , in June 1946 , he was found shot dead in his bed . Although at first thought to have been an accident , his death was ruled a murder by medical examiners , and three royal pages were later executed following very irregular trials . The mysterious circumstances surrounding his death have been the subject of much controversy .
The monarchy of Thailand ( whose monarch is referred to as the King of Thailand or historically , King of Siam ; Thai : พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย ) refers to the constitutional monarchy and monarch of the Kingdom of Thailand ( formerly Siam ) . The King of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri . Although the current Chakri Dynasty was created in 1782 , the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots from the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238 , with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century . The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless Siamese Revolution of 1932 . The monarchy 's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok , while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace . The King of Thailand 's titles include Head of State , Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces , Adherent of Buddhism and Upholder of religions .
Ahmad Shah Qajar ( Persian : احمد شاه قاجار ; 21 January 1898 - 21 February 1930 ) , was Shah ( King ) of Persia from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925 , and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty .
This article lists the monarchs of Persia ( Iran ) from the establishment of the Median Empire by Medes around 705 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979 . Earlier monarchs in the area of modern-day Iran are listed in :
Hussein bin Talal ( Arabic : الحسين بن طلال , Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ṭalāl ; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999 ) reigned as King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999 . According to Hussein , he was a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemite family which has ruled Jordan since 1921 . Hussein was born in Amman as the eldest child of Talal bin Abdullah and Zein Al-Sharaf . Hussein began his schooling in Amman , continuing his education abroad . After Talal became King of Jordan in 1951 , Hussein was named heir apparent . The Parliament forced Talal to abdicate a year later due to his illness , and a regency council was appointed until Hussein came of age . He was enthroned at the age of 17 on 2 May 1953 . Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children : Princess Alia from Dina bint Abdul-Hamid ; Abdullah II , Prince Faisal , Princess Aisha , and Princess Zein from Antoinette Gardiner ; Princess Haya and Prince Ali from Alia Touqan ; Prince Hamzah , Prince Hashim , Princess Iman , and Princess Raiyah from Lisa Halaby . Hussein , a constitutional monarch , started his rule with what was termed a liberal experiment , allowing , in 1956 , the formation of the only democratically elected government in Jordan 's history . A few months into the experiment , he forced that government to resign , declaring martial law and banning political parties . Jordan fought three wars with Israel under Hussein , including the 1967 Six-Day War , which ended in Jordan 's loss of the West Bank . In 1970 Hussein expelled Palestinian fighters ( fedayeen ) from Jordan after they had threatened the country 's security in what became known as Black September .
The King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan 's head of state and monarch . He serves as the head of the Jordanian monarchy - the Hashemite dynasty . The king is addressed as His Majesty ( صاحب الجلالة ) . Although Jordan is a constitutional monarchy , the king is vested with considerable executive and legislative powers . He is commander-in-chief of the Jordanian Armed Forces and appoints the prime minister and the directors of security agencies . He also appoints the members of the upper house , the Senate , as well as the members of the Constitutional Court .
Jigme Singye Wangchuck , འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ , ( born 11 November 1955 ) is the former king of Bhutan ( Druk Gyalpo ) from 1972 until his abdication in favor of his eldest son , Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck , in 2006 . During his reign , he advocated the use of a Gross National Happiness index to measure the well-being of citizens rather than the Gross Domestic Product .
Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Ngawang Namgyal , 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche in the mid-17th century . After his death in 1651 , Bhutan nominally followed his recommended dual system of government . Under the dual system , government control was split between a secular leader , the Druk Desi ; [ nb 1 ] and a religious leader , the Je Khenpo ( རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་ ) . Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Zhabdrung Rinpoche , a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal . In practice however , the Zhabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi , and regional penlops often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907 . Since the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907 , the Druk Gyalpo ( འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ ; lit . Dragon King ) have been the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan .
Alfonso XIII ( 17 May 1886 - 28 February 1941 ) , also known as El Africano or the African , was King of Spain from 1886 until the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931 . Alfonso was monarch from birth as his father , Alfonso XII , had died the previous year . Alfonso 's mother , Maria Christina of Austria , served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902 . During Alfonso 's reign Spain experienced four major problems that contributed to the end of the liberal monarchy : the lack of real political representation of broad social groups ; the poor situation of the popular classes , especially peasants ; problems arising from the Rif War ; and Catalan nationalism . The political and social turbulence that began with the Spanish-American War prevented the turnaround parties from establishing a true liberal democracy , which led to the establishment of the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera . With the political failure of the dictatorship , Alfonso impelled a return to the democratic normality with the intention of regenerating the regime . Nevertheless , it was abandoned by all political classes , as they felt betrayed by the king 's support of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera . He left Spain voluntarily after the municipal elections of April 1931 , which were taken as a plebiscite on abolishing the monarchy .
The monarchy of Spain ( Spanish : Monarquía Española ) , constitutionally referred to as The Crown ( Spanish : La Corona ) , is a constitutional institution and the highest office of Spain . The monarchy comprises the reigning monarch , his or her family , and the royal household organization which supports and facilitates the monarch in the exercise of his duties and prerogatives . The Spanish monarchy is currently represented by King Felipe VI , Queen Letizia , and their daughters Leonor , Princess of Asturias , and Infanta Sofía . The Spanish Constitution of 1978 re-established a constitutional monarchy as the form of government for Spain . The 1978 constitution affirmed the role of the King of Spain as the living personification and embodiment of the Spanish State and a symbol of Spain 's enduring unity and permanence and is also invested as the arbitrator and the moderator of Spanish state institutions Constitutionally , the king is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed Forces . The constitution codifies the use of royal styles and titulary , Royal Prerogatives , hereditary succession to the crown , compensation , and a regency-guardianship contingency in cases of the monarch 's minority or incapacitation . According to the constitution , the monarch is also instrumental in promoting relations with the nations of its historical community . The King of Spain serves as the president of the Organization of Ibero-American States , purportedly representing over 700,000,000 people in twenty-four member nations worldwide . In 2008 , King Juan Carlos I was considered the most popular leader in all Ibero-America . The Spanish monarchy has its roots in the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo founded after the fall of the Roman Empire . Then the Kingdom of Asturias fought the Reconquista following the Umayyad invasion of Hispania in the 8th century . A dynastic marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon united Spain in the 15th century .
Tribhuwan Bir Bikram Shah ( Nepali : त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह ; 30 June 1906 - 13 March 1955 ) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death . Born in Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal , he ascended to the throne at the age of five , upon the death of his father , King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah , and crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk , Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu , with his mother acting as regent . At the time , however , the position of monarch was mainly titular , with real power in the country residing in the powerful , conservative Rana family , which supplied the country with its hereditary prime minister . The Rana period is known for the tyranny , debauchery , economic exploitation and religious persecution by the rulers .
Farouk I ( /fəˈruːk/ ; Arabic : فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal ; 11 February 1920 - 18 March 1965 ) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan , succeeding his father , Fuad I , in 1936 . His full title was His Majesty Farouk I , by the grace of God , King of Egypt and the Sudan , Sovereign of Nubia , of Kordofan and of Darfur . He was overthrown in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 , and forced to abdicate in favour of his infant son , Ahmed Fuad , who succeeded him as Fuad II . Farouk died in exile in Italy in 1965 . His sister , Princess Fawzia Fuad , was the first wife and consort of the Shah of Iran , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi .
Marie-Adélaïde ( Marie Adelheid Thérèse Hilda Wilhelmine ; 14 June 1894 - 24 January 1924 ) , reigned as Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1912 until her abdication in 1919 . She was the first Grand Duchess regnant of Luxembourg ( after five grand dukes ) , its first female monarch since Duchess Maria Theresa ( 1740-1780 , who was also Austrian Archduchess and Holy Roman Empress ) and the first Luxembourgish monarch to be born within the territory since Count John the Blind ( 1296-1346 ) . Named as heir presumptive by her father Grand Duke William IV in 1907 to prevent a succession crisis due to his lack of a son , Marie-Adélaïde became Grand Duchess in 1912 . She ruled through the First World War , and her perceived support for the German occupation forces led to great unpopularity in Luxembourg as well as neighbouring France and Belgium . In 1919 , on the advice of Parliament and after enormous pressure from the Luxembourgish people , she abdicated on 14 January 1919 in favour of her younger sister Charlotte who managed to save the monarchy and the dynasty in a national referendum ( 28 September 1919 ) . After abdicating Marie-Adélaïde retired in a monastery in Italy , before leaving due to ill health . She died of influenza in Germany on 24 January 1924 at the age of 29 .
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Peter II ( Serbo-Croatian : Petar / Петар ; 6 September 1923 - 3 November 1970 ) was the last King of Yugoslavia , reigning from 1934 to 1945 . He was the last reigning member of the Karađorđević dynasty which came to prominence in the early 19th century .
This article lists the heads of state of Yugoslavia from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992 . The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a monarchy ruled by the House of Karađorđević from 1918 up until World War II . The SFR Yugoslavia was headed first by Ivan Ribar , the President of the Presidium of the People 's Assembly ( president of the parliament ) , and then by President Josip Broz Tito from 1953 up until his death in 1980 . Afterwards , the Presidency of Yugoslavia assumed the role of the collective head of state , rotating the presidency among representatives of republics and autonomous provinces . However , until 1990 the position of President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was usually the most powerful position ( the position often coincided with the position of President ) . With the introduction of multi-party system in 1990 , individual republics elected their own heads of state , but the country 's head of state continued to rotate among appointed representatives of republics and autonomous provinces until the country 's dissolution .
Lij Iyasu ( Ge'ez : ልጅ ኢያሱ , the Ethiopian version of Joshua ) , sometimes incorrectly styled Iyasu V [ nb 1 ] ( Ge'ez : አምስተኛ ኢያሱ ; 4 February 1895 [ nb 2 ] - 25 November 1935 ) , was the designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia ( 1913-16 ) . His baptismal name was Kifle Yaqob . Ethiopian emperors traditionally chose their regnal name on the day they were crowned , and since he was never crowned , he is usually referred to as Lij Iyasu , Lij meaning child , especially one born of royal blood .
The Emperor of Ethiopia ( Ge'ez : ንጉሠ ነገሥት , nəgusä nägäst , King of Kings ) was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire , until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975 . The Emperor was the head of state and head of government , with ultimate executive , judicial and legislative power in that country . A National Geographic article called imperial Ethiopia nominally a constitutional monarchy ; in fact [ it was ] a benevolent autocracy .
Faisal II ( Arabic : الملك فيصل الثاني Al-Malik Fayṣal Ath-thānī ) ( 2 May 1935 - 14 July 1958 ) was the last King of Iraq . He reigned from 4 April 1939 until July 1958 , when he was executed during the 14 July Revolution together with numerous members of his family . This regicide marked the end of the thirty-seven-year-old Hashemite monarchy in Iraq , which then became a republic .
The King of Iraq ( Arabic : ملك العراق , romanized : Mālik al-Irāq ) was Iraq 's head of state and monarch from 1921 to 1958 . He served as the head of the Iraqi monarchy - the House of Hashim . The King was addressed as His Majesty ( صاحب الجلالة ) .
Mswati III ( born Makhosetive ; 19 April 1968 ) is the king ( Swazi : Ngwenyama , Ingwenyama yemaSwati ) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi Royal Family . He was born in Manzini in the Protectorate of Swaziland to King Sobhuza II and one of his younger wives , Ntfombi Tfwala . He was crowned as Mswati III , Ingwenyama and King of Swaziland , on 25 April 1986 at the age of 18 , thus becoming the youngest ruling monarch in the world at that time . Together with his mother , Ntfombi Tfwala , now Queen Mother ( Ndlovukati ) , he rules the country as an absolute monarch . Mswati III is known for his practice of polygamy ( although at least two wives are appointed by the state ) and currently has 15 wives . His policies and lavish lifestyle have led to local protests and international criticism .
Ngwenyama ( also Ingwenyama ) is the title of the male ruler ( King ) of Eswatini . The Ngwenyama is the counterpart of the Ndlovukati . Ingwenyama means Lion in SiSwati , but in an honorific sense , as opposed to libhubesi , the usual way of referring to actual lions . The title is sometimes written Ingwenyama , iNgwenyama , or ingwenyama , with the prefix i- ( plural ti- , tiNgwenyama ) , meaning the king . The current king is Mswati III .
Dom Manuel II ( 15 November 1889 - 2 July 1932 ) , the Patriot ( Portuguese : o Patriota ) or the Unfortunate ( Portuguese : o Desventurado ) , was the last King of Portugal , ascending the throne after the assassination of his father , King Carlos I , and his elder brother , Luís Filipe , the Prince Royal . Before ascending the throne he held the title of Duke of Beja . His reign ended with the dissolution of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution , and Manuel lived the rest of his life in exile in Twickenham , Middlesex , England .
The monarchs of Portugal ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal , in 1139 , to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution . Through the nearly 800 years in which Portugal was a monarchy , the kings held various other titles and pretensions . Two kings of Portugal , Ferdinand I and Afonso V , also claimed the crown of Castile . When the house of Habsburg came into power , the kings of Spain , Naples , and Sicily also became kings of Portugal . The house of Braganza brought numerous titles to the Portuguese Crown , including King of Brazil and then de jure Emperor of Brazil . After the demise of the Portuguese monarchy , in 1910 , Portugal almost restored its monarchy in a revolution known as the Monarchy of the North , though the attempted restoration only lasted a month before destruction . With Manuel II 's death , the Miguelist branch of the house of Braganza became the pretenders to the throne of Portugal . They have all been acclaimed king of Portugal by their monarchist groups . The monarchs of Portugal all came from a single ancestor , Afonso I of Portugal , but direct lines have sometimes ended . This has led to a variety of royal houses coming to rule Portugal , though all having Portuguese royal lineage . These houses are :