Endorsements in the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
Tier 3 ( Statesmen , former politicians , and celebrities ) -- Rick Santorum ( withdrawn )
Table:
Statesmen, former politicians, and celebrities

Party

Endorsement

Date

Notes

Reference

Sharron Angle

Republican

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

2.1.2012

Former Nevada state assemblywoman and 2010 Republican Nevada Senatorial nominee.

[292]

Ron Crane

Republican

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

February 14, 2012

Idaho State Treasurer

[293]

Mike DeWine

Republican

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

February 17, 2012

Former Ohio state Senator, former Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, former U.S. Representative, former U.S. Senator, and current Ohio Attorney General. Originally endorsed Mitt Romney.

[294]

Dave Mustaine

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

February 14, 2012

Rock star; frontman of the band Megadeth and former guitarist of the band Metallica

[295][296][297][298]

Jane Norton

Republican

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

2.1.2012

Former Lieutenant Governor of Colorado

[299]

Bob Schaffer

Republican

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

2.1.2012

Former U.S. Congressman (R-CO)

[299]

Michael W. Smith

Republican

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

3.12.2012

An American contemporary Christian music artist, 3-time Grammy Award winner and 40-time recipient of the Dove Awards

[300]

Tom Tancredo

Constitutionalist

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

2.1.2012

Former U.S. Congressman (R-CO), 2008 presidential candidate, and 2010 Colorado gubernatorial candidate. Originally endorsed Herman Cain.[301]

[299]

From the accompanying table plus the supporting evidence provided.

Respond to the question below: What date was the endorsement made for the candidate who an outspoken leader in promoting American interests and human rights in Eastern Europe ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Sharron Elaine Angle ( née Ott ; born July 26 , 1949 ) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Nevada Assembly from 1999 to 2007 . She ran unsuccessfully as the 2010 Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate seat in Nevada , garnering 45 percent of the vote . On September 15 , 2013 , she was unanimously elected the fifth President of the National Federation of Republican Assemblies , and resigned in 2016 to run again for the Nevada U.S . Senator position being vacated by Harry Reid but failed to win the Republican primary . In 2018 , she ran in the Republican primary for Nevada 's 2nd congressional district and lost to the incumbent , Mark Amodei .
The Republican Party , also referred to as the GOP ( Grand Old Party ) , is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States ; the other is its historic rival , the Democratic Party . The GOP was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act , which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into certain U.S. territories . The party supported classical liberalism , opposed the expansion of slavery , and supported economic reform . Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president . Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress , slavery was banned in the United States in 1865 . The Party was generally dominant during the Third Party System and the Fourth Party System . After 1912 , the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right . Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the party 's core base shifted , with Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics . The party 's 21st-century base of support includes people living in rural areas , men , people without college degrees , the elderly , white Americans , and evangelical Christians . The 21st-century Republican Party ideology is American conservatism , which incorporates both economic policies and social values . The GOP supports lower taxes , free market capitalism , restrictions on immigration , increased military spending , gun rights , restrictions on abortion , deregulation and restrictions on labor unions . After the Supreme Court 's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade , the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals .
The 2010 United States Senate election in Nevada took place on November 2 , 2010 . Incumbent Democratic U.S . Senator and Majority Leader Harry Reid won re-election to a fifth term .
Richard Michael DeWine ( born January 5 , 1947 ) is an American politician and former attorney serving as the 70th governor of Ohio . A member of the Republican Party , DeWine is a former United States Senator , elected in 1994 and re-elected in 2000 . In 2006 , DeWine ran for re-election to a third term but lost to the Democratic nominee , U.S. Representative Sherrod Brown . DeWine had served as Lieutenant Governor of Ohio under George Voinovich from 1991 until 1994 . In 2010 , DeWine was elected Ohio Attorney General , defeating Democratic incumbent Richard Cordray , and was re-elected for a second term in 2014 . In the 2018 gubernatorial election , DeWine was elected Governor of Ohio , defeating Cordray in a rematch of their 2010 race . Prior to his being nominated as Voinovich 's running mate in the 1990 election , DeWine served as a four-term U.S. Representative for Ohio 's 7th congressional district beginning in 1983 . He also served a term as an Ohio State Senator .
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly . The State Senate , which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus , first convened in 1803 . Senators are elected for four year terms , staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election . Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years . The President of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session , and is currently Larry Obhof . Currently , the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats ; Senators are limited to two consecutive terms . Each Senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans , and each Senate District encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives Districts .
The position of lieutenant governor of Ohio was established in 1852 . The lieutenant governor becomes governor if the governor resigns , dies in office or is removed by impeachment . Before 1852 , the president of the Ohio State Senate would serve as acting governor if a vacancy in the governorship occurred . Until 1978 , lieutenant governors were elected separately but concurrently with the governor ( not on a ticket ) . Thus , there were several occasions when the lieutenant governor was from a different party than the governor . This was changed by constitutional amendment . In 1974 , Richard F. Celeste was the last lieutenant governor to be elected separately . In 1978 , George Voinovich became the first lieutenant governor to be elected on the same ticket with the governor . From 1852 to 1979 , the lieutenant governor also served as the president of the Ohio State Senate . More recently , Ohio governors have generally named the lieutenant governor to head an agency of state government . An example of this is Bruce Edward Johnson , who served as Director of the Ohio Department of Development , as did his successor , Lee Fisher . Current Lt .
The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper house . Together they compose the national legislature of the United States . The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty-three representatives . Seven states have only one representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the president for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers , among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue ; the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate ; and , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for president , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . The presiding officer is the speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof ( and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party ) .
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress , which , along with the United States House of Representatives - the lower chamber - constitutes the legislature of the United States . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol Building , in Washington , D.C . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators , each of whom represents a single state in its entirety . Each state , regardless of its population size , is equally represented by two senators who serve staggered terms of six years . There being at present 50 states in the Union , there are currently 100 senators . From 1789 to 1913 , senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; they are now elected by popular vote , following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 . As the upper chamber of Congress , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it . These include the approval of treaties , and the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , other federal executive officials and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for vice president , the duty falls to the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . Furthermore , the Senate has the responsibility of conducting the trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere .
The Ohio Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of Ohio in the United States . The office is filled by general election , held every four years . The current [ update ] Ohio Attorney General is Republican Dave Yost .
David Scott Mustaine ( born September 13 , 1961 ) is an American guitarist , singer , songwriter , actor and author . He is best known as the co-founder , lead vocalist , guitarist and primary songwriter of the American heavy metal band Megadeth , as well as the original lead guitarist of the American band Metallica .
Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles , California . Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson formed the band in 1983 shortly after Mustaine 's dismissal from Metallica . Along with Metallica , Anthrax , and Slayer , Megadeth is one of the big four of American thrash metal , responsible for its development and popularization . Their music features complex arrangements and fast rhythm sections , and lyrical themes of death , war , politics , personal relationships and religion . In 1985 , Megadeth released its debut album , Killing Is My Business . and Business Is Good ! , on the independent record label Combat Records , to moderate success . It caught the attention of bigger labels , which led to Megadeth signing with Capitol Records . Their first major-label album , Peace Sells . but Who 's Buying ? , was released in 1986 and was a major hit with the underground metal scene . Substance abuse and personal disputes brought Megadeth negative publicity during this period . After the lineup stabilized , Megadeth released a number of platinum-selling albums , including Rust in Peace ( 1990 ) and Countdown to Extinction ( 1992 ) . These albums , along with worldwide tours , brought them public recognition .
Metallica is an American heavy metal band . The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich , and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career . The band 's fast tempos , instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal , alongside Megadeth , Anthrax and Slayer . Metallica 's current lineup comprises founding members and primary songwriters Hetfield and Ulrich , longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo . Guitarist Dave Mustaine ( who went on to form Megadeth after being fired from the band ) and bassists Ron McGovney , Cliff Burton ( who died in a bus accident in Sweden in 1986 ) and Jason Newsted are former members of the band . Metallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums . The band 's third album , Master of Puppets ( 1986 ) , was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums . Its eponymous fifth album , Metallica ( 1991 ) , the band 's first to root predominantly in heavy metal , appealed to a more mainstream audience , achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date , making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era . After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases , the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album , Death Magnetic ( 2008 ) , which drew similar praise to that of the band 's earlier albums . In 2000 , Metallica led the case against the peer-to-peer file sharing service Napster , in which the band and several other artists filed lawsuits against the service for sharing their copyright-protected material without consent ; after reaching a settlement , Napster became a pay-to-use service in 2003 . Metallica was the subject of the acclaimed 2004 documentary film Metallica : Some Kind of Monster , which documented the troubled production of the band 's eighth album , St. Anger ( 2003 ) , and the internal struggles within the band at the time . In 2009 , Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .
Jane Ellen Norton ( born Jane Ellen Bergman , October 12 , 1954 ) was the 46th Lieutenant Governor of the State of Colorado and an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to challenge U.S . Senator Michael Bennet in the 2010 election . She lost the nomination to Weld County District Attorney and Tea Party favorite Ken Buck . Norton became the first executive director for the Denver Police Foundation on February 1 , 2007 , an organization created to enhance public safety and law enforcement in the Denver community . In 2013 , Norton filed a lawsuit against the state of Colorado alleging tax payer money being used to provide abortions . The Colorado Supreme Court ruled against Norton in January 2018 .
The Lieutenant Governor of Colorado is the second-highest-ranking member of the executive department of the Government of Colorado , United States , below the Governor of Colorado . The Lieutenant Governor of Colorado , who acts as Governor of Colorado in the absence of the officeholder and succeeds to the governorship in case of vacancy , is elected on a partisan ticket . After the 1966 general election , the Constitution of Colorado was amended to require the joint election of governor and lieutenant governor - candidates running as a ticket . Prior to this amendment , the lieutenant governor candidate was elected separately from the governor during the same election - sometimes resulting in a governor and a lieutenant governor from different political parties . The current lieutenant governor is Dianne Primavera , a Democrat , who took office 8 January 2019 .
Robert Warren Schaffer ( born July 24 , 1962 ) is a Republican former member of the United States House of Representatives from the State of Colorado in the 105th Congress and the two succeeding Congresses ( January 3 , 1997 - January 3 , 2003 ) . Schaffer was co-chairman of the Congressional Ukrainian Caucus , and an outspoken leader in promoting American interests and human rights in Eastern Europe . Schaffer is currently Headmaster of Liberty Common High School , a school chartered by the Poudre School District based in Fort Collins , Colorado . Under Schaffer 's leadership , the school beat the state 's all-time record composite SAT ( college readiness ) score . In 2004 , Schaffer lost in the primary election to be the Republican nominee for a U.S. Senate seat . He was the Republican nominee for Colorado 's other Senate seat in the 2008 election , which he lost to Democratic nominee Mark Udall .
Michael Whitaker Smith ( born October 7 , 1957 ) is an American musician , who has charted in both contemporary Christian and mainstream charts . His biggest success in mainstream music was in 1991 when Place in this World hit No . 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Over the course of his career , he has sold more than 18 million albums . Smith is a three-time Grammy Award winner , an American Music Award recipient , and has earned 45 Dove Awards . In 1999 , ASCAP awarded him with the Golden Note Award for lifetime achievement in songwriting , and in 2014 they honored him as the cornerstone of Christian music for his significant influence on the genre . He also has recorded 31 No . 1 Hit songs , fourteen gold albums , and five platinum albums . He has also starred in two films and published 14 books including This Is Your Time , which he worked with Christian author Gary Thomas to write .
Contemporary Christian music ( or CCM - and occasionally inspirational music ) is a genre of modern popular music which is lyrically focused on matters concerned with the Christian faith . It formed as those affected by the 1960s Jesus movement revival began to express themselves in a more contemporary style of music than the hymns , Gospel and Southern gospel music that was prevalent in the church at the time . Today , the term is typically used to refer to pop , rock , or praise & worship styles . It has representation on several music charts including Billboard 's Christian Albums , Christian Songs , Hot Christian AC ( Adult Contemporary ) , Christian CHR , Soft AC/Inspirational , and Christian Digital Songs as well as the UK 's Official Christian & Gospel Albums Chart . Top-selling CCM artists will also appear on the Billboard 200 . In the iTunes Store , the genre is represented as part of the Christian and gospel genre while the Google Play Music system labels it as Christian/Gospel .
A Grammy Award ( stylized as GRAMMY , originally called Gramophone Award ) , or Grammy , is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievements in the music industry . The trophy depicts a gilded gramophone . The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists , and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest . The Grammys are the second of the Big Three major music awards held annually ( between the American Music Awards in the Fall , and the Billboard Music Awards in the Summer ) , was held May 1 in 2019 . It is considered one of the four major annual American entertainment awards along with the Academy Awards ( film ) , the Emmy Awards ( television ) , and the Tony Awards ( theater and Broadway ) The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4 , 1959 , to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958 . Following the 2011 ceremony , the Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012 . The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards were held on January 26 , 2020 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles .
A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association ( GMA ) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry . The awards are presented annually . Formerly held in Nashville , Tennessee , the Dove Awards took place in Atlanta , Georgia during 2011 and 2012 , but has since moved back to Nashville . The ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN . The awards were established in 1969 , and represent a variety of musical styles , including rock , pop , hip hop , country , and urban .
Thomas Gerard Tancredo ( /tæŋˈkreɪdoʊ/ ; born December 20 , 1945 ) is an American politician from Colorado , who represented the state 's sixth congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009 as a Republican . He ran for President of the United States during the 2008 election , and was the Constitution Party 's unsuccessful nominee for Governor of Colorado in 2010 . Tancredo was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1976 and served two terms . After working in the United States Department of Education during the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations , he was elected to the United States Congress , and served five terms . He decided to not seek re-election in 2008 , instead running a presidential campaign , centered on the issues of illegal immigration and terrorism . He dropped out of the race in December 2007 to assist former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney in his campaign for the nomination . Tancredo announced on July 26 , 2010 , that he planned to change parties and run for Governor of Colorado on the American Constitution Party ticket . He received 617,030 votes ( 36.7% ) , coming in second place , well ahead of the Republican Party nominee , who got about 11% of the vote . Tancredo ran for governor in 2014 , this time as a Republican , because of his opposition to Colorado governor John Hickenlooper 's refusal to execute convicted murderer Nathan Dunlap , and because of Hickenlooper 's attempts to pass gun control legislation . Tancredo competed for the Republican Party 's nomination with Bob Beauprez , Steve House , Greg Brophy , Mike Kopp , and Scott Gessler . Tancredo lost the primary to Beauprez . He once again left the Republican Party in 2015 , becoming an independent .
The Constitution Party , previously known as the U.S. Taxpayers ' Party , is a national political party in the United States . The idea that the principles and intents of the U.S. Constitution remain relevant in human relations was the origin of its founding in 1991 . Founding members included 2016 presidential candidate Darrell Castle and former acting Office of Economic Opportunity Director Howard Phillips . The party platform is based on originalist interpretations of the Constitution and shaped by principles which it believes were set forth in the Declaration of Independence , the Bill of Rights , the Constitution and the Bible . There are Seven Principles for guiding Constitution Party platforms and candidates . Throughout these principles and accompanying platform items , there are direct quotes from early U.S. founders and political figures , the U.S. Constitution , the Federalist Papers , and the U.S . Declaration of Independence , among others . The party applies these quotes as evidence of its views of the Constitution and its belief that the U.S. was founded on Christian principles while it also maintains its support of the No Religious Test Clause . As of March 2018 [ update ] , the Constitution Party has 26 members who have been elected to city council seats and other municipal offices across the United States . In terms of registered members , the party ranks fifth among national parties in the United States .
The 2008 presidential campaign of Tom Tancredo , a Congressman from Colorado began on April 2 , 2007 with a formal announcement . The campaign garnered grassroots support and endorsements from conservative Republicans concerned about illegal immigration and border security . However , Tancredo remained low in the polls and was criticized for his nativist campaign , which had been described as single-issued . Tancredo stated that he probably would not win the nomination but hoped his campaign would bring forth more debate on his issue of concern , immigration . On December 20 , 2007 Tancredo withdrew from the presidential race , and endorsed Mitt Romney .
The 2010 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday , November 2 , 2010 to elect the Governor of Colorado , who would serve a four-year term that began in January 2011 . One-term incumbent Democrat Bill Ritter announced that he would not run for re-election in 2010 . Maes , backed by the Tea Party movement , won the Republican nomination in the primary with 50.6% of the vote and a 1.3% margin over rival Scott McInnis . In claiming victory , Maes called on former representative Tom Tancredo , running as the Constitution Party 's nominee to stop your campaign tonight . Denver mayor John Hickenlooper was unopposed for the Democratic nomination . Hickenlooper won the race with over 50% of the vote .