2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships
Women 's race -- Women 's results
Table:
Individual

Rank

Athlete

Nationality

Time

Notes

Florence Kiplagat

Kenya

1:08:24

Dire Tune

Ethiopia

1:08:34

Peninah Arusei

Kenya

1:09:05

4

Feyse Tadese

Ethiopia

1:09:28

PB

5

Joyce Chepkirui

Kenya

1:09:30

PB

6

Meseret Mengistu

Ethiopia

1:09:31

PB

7

Fate Tola

Ethiopia

1:09:38

PB

8

Zhu Xiaolin

China

1:11:01

9
Yoshimi Ozaki
Japan
1:11:02

10
Ryoko Kizaki
Japan
1:11:03

11
Sarah Chepchirchir
Kenya
1:11:03

12
Nicole Chapple
Australia
1:11:25

13
Azusa Nojiri
Japan
1:11:35

14
Abebech Afework
Ethiopia
1:11:38

15
Hiroko Miyauchi
Japan
1:11:40

16
Helalia Johannes
Namibia
1:11:57
SB

17
Karolina Jarzyńska
Poland
1:12:36

18
Claire Hallissey
Great Britain
1:13:07

19
Stephanie Rothstein
United States
1:13:37
SB

20
Eden Tesfalem
Eritrea
1:13:41
PB

From the accompanying table as well as the passages provided at the end.

Give the answer to the question: What is the finishing time of the athlete who was born on 19 November 1988 ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Florence Jebet Kiplagat ( born 27 February 1987 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner . She is a two-time world champion , having won at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She was the world record holder for the women 's half marathon with a time of 1:05:09 hours until it was broken by Peres Jepchirchir on 10 February 2017 at the RAK Half Marathon . She has also represented Kenya on the track , having won the silver medal over 5000 m at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics . She competed in the 10,000 m at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics and was the Kenyan record holder in the event with her best of 30:11.53 minutes until it was broken by Vivian Cheruiyot on 12 August 2016 at the Rio Olympic Games . Kiplagat is currently part of the NN Running Team , an international team of elite long-distance runners managed by Global Sports Communication .
Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 .
Dire Tune Arissi ( pronounced Deer-ay Too-nay ; Ge'ez : ዲሬ ቱኔ , born 19 June 1985 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner . Tune competed in the marathon at the 2005 World Championships . At the 2006 World Road Running Championships she finished fourth in the individual competition . This was good enough to help Ethiopia win a silver medal in the team competition . On April 21 , 2008 , Tune won the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:25:25 . She was then selected to represent her country in the marathon at the 2008 Summer Olympics , and was the only Ethiopian to finish , placing 15th in a time of 2:31:16 . In April 2009 , Tune finished second by one second in the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:32:17 . After finishing the race , she collapsed and had to be taken to the hospital . Her agent said the problem was due in part to dehydration combined with the cool weather and the fact that she trained for a shorter race . Dire Tune holds the One Hour running world record of 18.517 kilometres set June 12 , 2008 in Ostrava . The previous record ( 18,340 m ) was set by Tegla Loroupe ten years earlier . Tune won the 2009 Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon , setting the Ethiopian half marathon record of 1:07:18 .
Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II .
Peninah Arusei Jerop ( born 1 January 1979 in Uasin Gishu ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in road running competitions , especially the half marathon . She has represented Kenya at the Olympics , having competed in the 10,000 metres race at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . Arusei has won races on the European road circuit , including the Dam tot Damloop , Berlin Half Marathon and Lisbon Half Marathon .
Feyse Tadese Boru ( born 19 November 1988 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in the half marathon .
Joyce Chepkirui ( born 20 August 1988 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running events . She established herself as a half marathon runner , winning races in Granollers , Bogotá and Gothenburg . She set a best of 1:06:19 hours to win the 2014 Prague Half Marathon . She also competes in 10K road races and her personal best of 30:38 minutes makes her fifth fastest woman ever . Chepkirui began competing in cross country running in 2012 and won the Kenyan and African titles . She also competes on the track over 1500 metres and was the silver medallist at the 2011 All-Africa Games .
Meseret Mengistu Biru ( born 6 March 1990 ) is an Ethiopian female long-distance runner who competes mainly in road running events . She holds a personal best of 2:23:26 hours for the marathon . She represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 2008 and 2010 , winning a team silver medal at the latter edition . She was the 2015 winner of the Paris Marathon , improving her best by over six minutes in the process . She had her second win over the distance at the 2016 Beijing Marathon .
Fate Tola Geleto ( born 22 October 1987 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in marathon races . She represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and has won marathons in Thessaloniki and Vienna . She lives in Germany and trains with Irina Mikitenko . Since 2012 , she competes for the German club MTV Braunschweig . Among her first elite level appearances was the Great Ethiopian Run in November 2008 , where she came fourth behind Teyba Erkesso over the 10 km distance . She made her professional marathon debut at the Alexander the Great Marathon in April 2009 and she won on her first attempt , taking the women 's title in a time of 2:36:54 hours . The Ljubljana Marathon in October was her second outing over the distance and she was fourth , but improved her best time by a minute and a half . She represented Oromia Police at the Sululta Cross Country at the start of 2010 and came fourth . She significantly improved her marathon best at that year 's Rome City Marathon , taking fifth in a time of 2:28:54 hours , and won the Paderborner Osterlauf 10K soon afterwards . She was selected to represent Ethiopia at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Nanning in October and she came seventh , setting a personal best of 1:09:38 hours for the distance . Her last major race of the year came at the Turin Marathon and she again improved : it became a two-woman race between Tola and Priscah Jeptoo and although it was her Kenyan rival who claimed victory , Tola ran a best of 2:28:22 hours as the runner-up . Her 2011 season began with a second-place finish at the Berlin Half Marathon .
Zhu Xiaolin ( born 20 February 1984 ) is a female Chinese long-distance runner , who specialises in marathons . She has won the Xiamen International Marathon and was third at the 2010 Rotterdam Marathon . She represented China at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and was fourth in the women 's marathon . Zhu has also competed at the World Championships in Athletics , where she finished in the top five in the marathon in both 2007 and 2009 . Her personal best over the distance is 2 hours and 23:57 minutes . In 2005 , she was sixth at the Beijing Marathon and travelled to Nanjing to take part in the 10th Chinese National Games soon after . She finished as runner-up in the women 's 5000 metres behind Xing Huina , making a 36-second improvement to her personal best to secure the silver medal . Early in the following year she competed at the 2006 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships and she managed a championship record of 9:25.60 to win the gold medal over 3000 metres . She won at the Yangzhou Half Marathon in April 2007 . Zhu finished fourth at the 2007 World Championships marathon . In the following year she achieved the same result , finishing fourth in the 2008 Olympics Marathon . In 2009 Zhu Xiaolin took part in the 2009 World Championships Marathon , resulting in a fifth place in 2:26:08 this time .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
Yoshimi Ozaki ( 尾崎 好美 , Ozaki Yoshimi , born July 1 , 1981 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner , who specializes in the marathon . She won the 2008 Tokyo Women 's Marathon in a personal best time of 2:23:30 hours . A year later she took the silver medal in the event at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics . Ozaki has won international team medals with Japan at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She represented Japan in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She is coached by former world marathon medallist Sachiko Yamashita .
Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) .
Ryoko Kizaki ( Japanese : 木崎 良子 ; born 21 June 1985 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner who competes in marathon and half marathon races . She won the 2011 Yokohama Women 's Marathon in a personal best time of 2:26:32 hours . She is a three-time participant at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and a two-time medallist at the Summer Universiade .
Sarah Chepchirchir ( born 27 July 1984 in Nandi County ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running competitions in distances ranging from 10K runs to the half marathon . She started her professional career by running in races in France . In 2008 , she had top three finishes in the Saint-Pol , Auray-Vannes and Le Lion Half Marathons . She made her impact on the scene in 2009 , winning the Maroilles 20K and Auray-Vannes Half Marathon . A runner-up finish at the Course Paris-Versailles , a third place at the 20 Kilomètres de Paris , then a personal best of 71:54 minutes at the Reims à Toutes Jambes half marathon cemented her place among the country 's top road runners . In the 2010 season she was in the top three at the Corrida de Langueux , Maroilles 20K and Lille Half Marathon - at the latter she ran a personal best time of 69:27 minutes . This helped her earn her first international selection : at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships she placed eleventh . She topped the podium at the Auray-Vannes and Boulogne-Billancourt Half Marathons that year . Chepchirchir was in the top two of all her French road races in 2011 , including victories at the Le Puy-en-Velay 15K and the Humarathon ( where she ran a course record and personal best of 68:07 minutes ) . In her second international outing for Kenya she placed fifth at the 2011 All-Africa Games half marathon . In 2012 , she ran two sub-70-minute half marathons but this was only enough for third in Paris and fifth in Lille . She claimed the course record at the 2013 Paris 20K with a run of 1:05:03 hours , and also won the Ndakaini Marathon in Kenya .
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) .
Azusa Nojiri ( 野尻 あずさ , Nojiri Azusa , born 6 June 1982 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner who competes in marathon races . Her personal best for the distance is 2:24:57 hours . She represented Japan in the marathon at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics , coming in 19th . Originally a cross-country skier , she participated at the 2005 Winter Universiade but switched to distance running instead . She competed at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and shared in the team bronze medal . She formerly ran for the Dai-Ichi Life corporate team and won the ekiden corporate title with them in 2011 .
Abebech Afework Bekele ( born 11 December 1990 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises half marathon races . She has represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She was the 2011 winner of the Egmond Half Marathon . Her personal best for the distance is 1:10:30 hours . She first began competing abroad in 2009 , taking third at the Udine Half Marathon in a time of 1:11:15 hours and running a 10,000 metres best of 32:52.67 minutes in Utrecht . She also won the smaller Arezzo Half Marathon race that year . She had her first international call-ups the following year , coming 18th in the senior race at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and 14th at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Nanning . At the Zwolle Half Marathon she ran a personal best of 1:10:49 hours for the distance , coming in as runner-up behind Caroline Kilel . She was also runner-up at the Great Ethiopian Run at the end of the year , behind Sule Utura . In January 2011 she won the Egmond Half Marathon Running for the Ethiopian Defence running club , she came fourth in the 10,000 m at the national championships then ran a personal best of 32:05.06 minutes at the Golden Spike Ostrava later that month . In September she turned back to the roads and came third at the Dam tot Damloop in Zaandam then won the Route du Vin Half Marathon in a personal best of 1:10:30 hours . She returned to the Great Ethiopian 10K in November and improved one place to take the title , beating established marathon runners in Tiki Gelana and Atsede Habtamu .
Helalia Johannes ( Helalia Lukeiko Johannes , also Hilaria Johannes ; born 13 August 1980 ) is a Namibian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon . She holds the Namibian records in the 10 km , 20 km , half marathon and marathon events . At 39 years of age , she became a World Championships Bronze medallist in the Marathon . She represented her country at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , 2012 London Olympics and 2018 Commonwealth Games and has won medals at the Military World Games , the All-Africa Games and at the 2018 Commonwealth Games .
Namibia ( /nəˈmɪbiə/ ( listen ) , /næˈ-/ ) , officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in Southern Africa . Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean ; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of Independence . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ) , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Commonwealth of Nations . Namibia , the driest country in Sub-Saharan Africa , was inhabited since early times by the San , Damara and Nama people . Around the 14th century , immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion . Since then , the Bantu groups , the largest being the Ovambo , have dominated the population of the country ; since the late 19th century , they have constituted a majority . In 1878 , the Cape of Good Hope , then a British colony , annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands ; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910 . In 1884 the German Empire established rule over most of the territory , forming a colony known as German South West Africa . It developed farming and infrastructure . Between 1904 and 1908 it perpetrated a genocide against the Herero and Nama people .
Karolina Jarzyńska-Nadolska ( born September 6 , 1981 in Oleśnica ) is a Polish long-distance runner . She competed in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics , placing 36th with a time of 2:30:57 . She also represented her country at the 2010 European Athletics Championships , but did not finish the marathon distance . She took a career break from mid-2014 to late-2015 to have a child and returned to competition in late 2015 . Jarzyńska set a Polish record for the event in 2013 by winning the Łódź Marathon in a time of 2:26:44 hours .
Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 .
Claire Hallissey is a British distance runner . She competed for Britain at the 2009 World Half Marathon Championships coming 25th . In 2010 , she ran her first marathon , in New York and in 2011 ran the Chicago Marathon . In 2012 , she finished 11th in the London Marathon . Hallissey was confirmed as a member of the Great Britain squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women 's marathon alongside compatriots Paula Radcliffe and Mara Yamauchi . She finished in 57th place in a time of 2:35:39 .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Stephanie Bruce ( née Rothstein ) is an American long-distance runner .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
Eritrea ( /ˌɛrɪˈtreɪə , ˌɛrɪˈtriːə/ ( listen ) officially the State of Eritrea ) , is a country in the Horn of Africa in East Africa , with its capital at Asmara . It is bordered by Sudan in the west , Ethiopia in the south , and Djibouti in the southeast . The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea . The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 ( 45,406 sq mi ) , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands . Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country , with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around 3 million . Eritrea has nine national languages which are Tigrinya language , Tigre , Afar , Beja , Bilen , Kunama , Nara , Saho . Tigrinya , Arabic , and English serve as the three working languages . Most residents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family , either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or Cushitic branches . Among these communities , the Tigrinyas make up about 55% of the population , with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants . In addition , there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities . Most people in the territory adhere to Islam or Christianity . The Kingdom of Aksum , covering much of modern-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia , was established during the first or second centuries AD .