List of House members of the 37th Parliament of Canada
Changes since the 37th election -- Former members of the 37th Parliament
Table:
Name

Party

Riding

Cause of departure

Succeeded by

Herb Gray

Liberal

Windsor West, ON

Retired January 14, 2002

Brian Masse (New Democrat)

Alfonso Gagliano

Liberal

Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, QC

Appointed Ambassador to Denmark January 14, 2002

Massimo Pacetti (Liberal)

Ronald Duhamel

Liberal

Saint Boniface, MB

Appointed to the Senate January 15, 2002

Raymond Simard (Liberal)

Brian Tobin

Liberal

Bonavista—Trinity—Conception, NF

Retired January 25, 2002

John Efford (Liberal)

Preston Manning

Canadian Alliance

Calgary Southwest, AB

Retired January 31, 2002

Stephen Harper (Canadian Alliance)

George S. Baker

Liberal

Gander—Grand Falls, NF

Appointed to the Senate March 26, 2002

Rex Barnes (Progressive Conservative)

Raymond Lavigne

Liberal

Verdun—Saint-Henri—Saint-Paul—Pointe-Saint-Charles, QC

Appointed to the Senate March 26, 2002

Liza Frulla (Liberal)

Stéphan Tremblay

Bloc Québécois

Lac-Saint-Jean—Saguenay, QC

Retired May 7, 2002

Sébastien Gagnon (Bloc Québécois)

Michel Bellehumeur

Bloc Québécois

Berthier—Montcalm, QC

Retired May 18, 2002

Roger Gaudet (Bloc Québécois)

John Richardson

Liberal

Perth—Middlesex, ON

Retired October 11, 2002

Gary Schellenberger (Progressive Conservative)

Pierre Brien

Independent §

Témiscamingue, QC

Retired 14 March 2003

Gilbert Barrette (Liberal)

Antoine Dubé

Bloc Québécois

Lévis-et-Chutes-de-la-Chaudière, QC

Retired March 17, 2003

Christian Jobin (Liberal)

Mac Harb

Liberal

Ottawa Centre, ON

Appointed to the Senate September 9, 2003

Ed Broadbent (New Democrat)

Jean Chrétien

Liberal

Saint-Maurice, QC

Retired and stepped down as prime minister December 12, 2003

Marcel Gagnon (Bloc Québécois)

Allan Rock

Liberal

Etobicoke Centre, ON

Appointed Ambassador to the United Nations December 12, 2003

Boris Wrzesnewskyj (Liberal)

John Harvard

Liberal

Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia, MB

Resigned on May 6, 2004 and appointed lieutenant-governor of Manitoba the next day

Steven Fletcher (Conservative)

Consulting the accompanying table and the relevant paragraphs listed.

Solve the question: What is the party for the person who was succeeded by a Progressive Conservative born in September 1943 ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Herbert Eser Herb Gray PC CC QC ( May 25 , 1931 - April 21 , 2014 ) was a prominent Canadian politician . He served as a Member of Parliament for Windsor West for four decades , from 1962 to 2002 ; and consequently he is the longest serving Member of Parliament in Canadian history . He also served as cabinet minister under three prime ministers , and as deputy prime minister from 1997 to 2002 . He was Canada 's first Jewish federal cabinet minister . He is one of few Canadians granted the honorific The Right Honourable who was not so entitled by virtue of a position held .
The Liberal Party of Canada ( French : Parti libéral du Canada ) is the oldest and longest-serving political party in Canada . The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada 's history , holding power for almost 70 years in the 20th century - more than any other party in a developed country - and as a result , it is sometimes referred to as Canada 's natural governing party . The party espouses the principles of liberalism , and generally sits at the centre to centre-left of the Canadian political spectrum , with the Conservative Party positioned to the centre-right and the New Democratic Party ( who at times aligned itself with the Liberals during minority governments ) , occupying the centre-left to left . Like their federal Conservative Party rivals , the party is often described as a big tent , attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters . In the late 1970s , Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau claimed that his Liberal Party adhered to the radical centre . The Liberals ' signature policies and legislative decisions include universal health care , the Canada Pension Plan , Canada Student Loans , peacekeeping , multilateralism , official bilingualism , official multiculturalism , patriating the Canadian constitution and the entrenchment of Canada 's Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the Clarity Act , legalizing same-sex marriage , euthanasia , and cannabis , national carbon pricing , and reproductive choice . In the 2015 federal election , the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau had its best result since the 2000 election , winning 39.5 percent of the popular vote and 184 seats , gaining a majority of seats in the House of Commons . However , in the 2019 federal election , they lost their majority , winning 157 seats , but they still remained the largest party in the House .
Windsor West ( French : Windsor-Ouest ) is a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968 . The district consists of the part of the city of Windsor lying west and south of a line drawn from the U.S. border southeast along Langlois Avenue , east along Tecumseh Road East , and southeast along Pillette Road to the southern city limit .
Brian S. Masse MP ( born July 9 , 1968 ) is a Canadian politician . He has served in the House of Commons of Canada since 2002 , representing the riding of Windsor West as a member of the New Democratic Party . Masse is married to Terry Chow , with whom he has a daughter and a son .
The New Democratic Party ( NDP ; French : Nouveau Parti démocratique , NPD ) is a social-democratic federal political party in Canada . The party was founded in 1961 out of the merger of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) with the Canadian Labour Congress ( CLC ) . On the Canadian political spectrum , the party sits to the left of the Liberal Party . Since 2017 , the NDP has been led by Jagmeet Singh , who is the first Indo-Canadian to lead a major federal party in Canada . The federal and provincial ( or territorial ) level NDPs are more integrated than other political parties in Canada , and have shared membership ( except for the New Democratic Party of Quebec ) . Often the third- or fourth-largest party in Canada 's House of Commons , the NDP has never been in power at the federal level , but it has attained second-largest party status once . In the 2011 election under the leadership of Jack Layton , the NDP won the second most seats in the House , gaining the position of Official Opposition for the first time in the party 's history . The NDP subsequently lost 59 seats in the 2015 federal election and fell to third place in Parliament , though it was their second-best seat count to date . Following the 2019 election , the NDP held the balance of power as the Liberals won a minority government , although the party lost 15 seats and fell to fourth place behind the Bloc Québécois .
Alfonso Gagliano PC ( Italian pronunciation : [ alˈfɔnso gaʎˈʎaːno ] ; born January 25 , 1942 ) is a Canadian accountant and a former Liberal Party politician . Born in Siculiana , Italy , Gagliano immigrated to Montreal in 1958 . His political career began in 1977 when he ran for a seat on the then Jérôme-LeRoyer school board , which no longer exists and used to cover the East End of Montreal Island . In the 1984 federal election , he ran for Parliament for Saint-Léonard - Anjou narrowly defeating the Progressive Conservative candidate . It was one of the few ridings that the Liberals retained , as they were swept out of power in a massive Conservative landslide . He was re-elected in the 1988 and 1993 elections representing Saint-Léonard , and in the 1997 and 2000 elections representing Saint-Léonard - Saint-Michel . In 1965 , Gagliano married Ersilia Gidaro and with her bore three children ; Vincenzo , Maria and Immacolata . From 1996 to 2002 , he served in various cabinet posts including Minister of Labour , Deputy House leader and the Minister responsible for Communications Canada , Canada Post , the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation , the Royal Canadian Mint and Canada Lands Company Ltd. His most controversial positions were as Minister of Public Works and Government Services and as political minister for Quebec . Following his career as a cabinet minister , Gagliano was appointed as the Canadian ambassador to Denmark after having been rejected by the Vatican for a similar posting . However , he was dismissed from this position on February 10 , 2004 by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson , on the advice of Foreign Affairs Minister Bill Graham , amidst widespread speculation that during his time as public works minister he was actively involved in the sponsorship scandal . On May 27 , 2004 , Gagliano filed a more than $ 4.5-million lawsuit against Prime Minister Paul Martin and the government . The suit accused the defendants of deliberately attacking Gagliano 's reputation and alleged that he was illegally and unjustly fired .
Saint-Léonard - Saint-Michel ( formerly Saint-Léonard ) is a federal electoral district within the City of Montreal in Quebec , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988 . Its population during the 2011 election was 108,811 . Following the resignation of MP Nicola Di Iorio in January 2019 , the seat is vacant and will remain so until the next general election , scheduled for October 21 , 2019 . Saint-Léonard-Saint-Michel was the first electoral district affected by a new rule stating that a by-election is not held for a seat that becomes vacant within nine months before a fixed-date general election . Patricia Lattanzio , a Liberal was elected in the 2019 general election .
An ambassador is an official envoy , especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sovereign or appointed for a special and often temporary diplomatic assignment . The word is also often used more liberally for persons who are known , without national appointment , to represent certain professions , activities and fields of endeavor such as sales . An ambassador is the ranking government representative stationed in a foreign capital . The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an embassy , whose territory , staff , and vehicles are generally afforded diplomatic immunity in the host country . Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations , an ambassador has the highest diplomatic rank . Countries may choose to maintain diplomatic relations at a lower level by appointing a chargé d'affaires in place of an ambassador . The equivalent to an ambassador exchanged among members of the Commonwealth of Nations are known as High Commissioners . The ambassadors of the Holy See are known as Papal or Apostolic Nuncios .
Massimo Pacetti ( born August 22 , 1962 ) is a Canadian politician from Quebec , Canada . Pacetti was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a 2002 by-election and continued as the Member of Parliament for Saint-Léonard - Saint-Michel sitting with the Liberal caucus until 2014 ; he served his last year of office as an Independent MP .
Ronald J. Duhamel , PC ( March 2 , 1938 - September 30 , 2002 ) was a Canadian Member of Parliament and Senator .
Saint Boniface - Saint Vital ( French : Saint-Boniface - Saint-Vital ; formerly Saint Boniface ) is a federal electoral district in Winnipeg , Manitoba that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1925 . The district covers roughly the southern portion of the city of Winnipeg , east of the Red River . In particular , it contains the Franco-Manitoban community of Saint Boniface and roughly the northern two-thirds of the community of St. Vital . The riding ( as federal electoral districts are called in Canada ) has a sizeable French population ( 16% according to the last census ) and was a Liberal Party stronghold for most of its history . However , Conservative Shelly Glover , a Winnipeg police sergeant , won it in 2008 and three years later became the first centre-right MP in the riding 's history to be re-elected . It is the only riding in Western Canada that regularly elects francophone candidates to parliament .
The Senate of Canada ( French : Sénat du Canada ) is the upper house of the Parliament of Canada . The Senate is modelled after the British House of Lords and consists of 105 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister . Seats are assigned on a regional basis : four regions - defined as Ontario , Quebec , the Maritime provinces , and the Western provinces - each receives 24 seats , with the last nine seats allocated to the remaining portions of the country : six to Newfoundland and Labrador and one each to the three northern territories . Senators serve until they reach the mandatory retirement age of 75 . While the Senate is the upper house of parliament and the House of Commons is the lower house , this does not imply the former is more powerful than the latter . It merely entails that its members and officers outrank the members and officers of the Commons in the order of precedence for the purposes of protocol . As a matter of practice and custom , the Commons is the dominant chamber . The prime minister and Cabinet are responsible solely to the House of Commons and remain in office only so long as they retain the confidence of that chamber . Parliament is composed of the two houses together with the monarch ( represented by the governor general ) . The approval of both houses is necessary for legislation and , thus , the Senate can reject bills passed by the Commons . Between 1867 and 1987 , the Senate rejected fewer than two bills per year , but this has increased in more recent years. [ when ? ] [ failed verification ] Although legislation can normally be introduced in either chamber , the majority of government bills originate in the House of Commons , with the Senate acting as the chamber of sober second thought ( as it was called by Sir John A. Macdonald , Canada 's first prime minister ) .
Raymond Simard , PC ( born March 8 , 1958 ) is a politician from Manitoba , Canada . He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2002 to 2008 , representing the riding of Saint Boniface for the Liberal Party of Canada . Simard was born in Ste . Anne , Manitoba . He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the College universitaire de Saint-Boniface , as well as a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Manitoba . Simard worked as a businessman and consultant before entering political life , initially for a number of business concerns owned by his family . In 1999 , he became the founding President and CEO of Riel Economic Development Corporation , and is also the President and co-owner of Simard Solutions . In 2002 , sitting Saint Boniface MP Ron Duhamel was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien . Simard was selected as the Liberal candidate for the resulting by-election , and on May 13 , 2002 , he defeated Canadian Alliance candidate Denis Simard by about 4400 votes . In parliament , Simard has expressed a special interest in matters relating to francophone concerns in Canada . His riding is one of the few in western Canada with a significant francophone population ( 16% list French as their mother tongue , according to the 2001 Canadian census ) , and the only such riding which regularly elects francophone candidates to parliament . In his private business life , Simard was responsible for opening the first bilingual services centre in Canada .
Brian Vincent Tobin , PC OC ( born October 21 , 1954 ) is a Canadian businessman and former politician . Tobin served as the sixth Premier of Newfoundland from 1996 to 2000 . Tobin was also a prominent Member of Parliament and served as a Cabinet Minister in Jean Chrétien 's Liberal government .
Bonavista - Trinity - Conception was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 2003 . This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Bonavista - Twillingate and Trinity - Conception ridings . It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Avalon , Bonavista - Exploits and Random - Burin - St. George 's ridings . It initially consisted of the provincial districts of Trinity North , Trinity South , Bay de Verde , Carbonear , Harbour Grace and Port de Grave , and part of the provincial district of Bonavista South .
Ruben John Efford , PC ( born January 6 , 1944 ) is a former Canadian politician .
Ernest Preston Manning PC CC AOE ( born June 10 , 1942 ) is a Canadian politician . He was a founder and the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada , a Canadian federal political party that evolved into the Canadian Alliance which in turn merged with the Progressive Conservative Party to form today 's Conservative Party of Canada . Manning represented the federal constituency of Calgary Southwest in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 until his retirement in 2002 . He served as Leader of the Official Opposition from 1997 to 2000 . Upon his retirement he has founded the Manning Foundation for Democratic Education and the Manning Centre for Building Democracy , not-for-profit organizations dedicated to strengthening Canadian democracy in accordance with conservative principles . Manning is seen as the founder of the green conservative movement in Canada .
The Canadian Alliance ( French : Alliance canadienne ) , formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance ( French : Alliance réformiste-conservatrice canadienne ) , was a conservative and centre-right to right-wing populist federal political party in Canada that existed from 2000 to 2003 . The party was the successor to the Reform Party of Canada and inherited its position as the Official Opposition in the House of Commons of Canada and held it throughout its existence . The party supported policies that were both fiscally and socially conservative , seeking reduced government spending on social programs and reductions in taxation . The Alliance was created out of the United Alternative initiative launched by the Reform Party of Canada and several provincial Tory parties as a vehicle to merge with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada . The federal Progressive Conservative Party rebuffed the initiative to unite the right in the late fall of 1998 when it elected Joe Clark as its leader . In December 2003 , the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative parties voted to disband and merge into the Conservative Party of Canada .
Calgary Southwest was a federal electoral district in Alberta , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2015 . The district was in the southwest part of the City of Calgary , south of Glenmore Trail , and west of the Canadian Pacific railway . The seat was held by former Prime Minister Stephen Harper .
Stephen Joseph Harper PC CC ( born April 30 , 1959 ) is a Canadian economist and retired politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada for nearly a decade , from February 6 , 2006 , to November 4 , 2015 . Harper has served as the leader of the International Democrat Union since February 2018 . Over his career , Stephen Harper was elected to the House of Commons seven times , and served nine years as prime minister of Canada , winning three elections as party leader . Harper was the first prime minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada , though older centre-right conservative parties have been active since Canada 's founding . Harper was one of the founding members of the Reform Party of Canada and under that banner was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1993 in Calgary West . He did not seek re-election in the 1997 federal election . Harper instead joined and later led the National Citizens Coalition , a conservative lobbyist group . In 2002 , he succeeded Stockwell Day as leader of the Canadian Alliance , the successor to the Reform Party and returned to parliament as Leader of the Opposition by winning Preston Manning 's former seat . In 2003 , Harper reached an agreement with the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , Peter MacKay , for the merger of their two parties to form the Conservative Party of Canada . Harper was subsequently elected as the party 's first leader in March 2004 . As party leader , Leader of the Opposition , and then Prime Minister Harper represented the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta from 2002 to 2015 . He also represented Calgary Heritage from 2015 until 2016 after the Conservatives lost the 2015 election .
George S. Baker , PC ( born September 4 , 1942 ) is a Canadian politician and former member of the Senate of Canada . Baker was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1974 election as the Liberal Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Gander - Twillingate , in Newfoundland and Labrador . He was re-elected in every subsequent election ( representing Gander - Grand Falls after 1988 ) until his appointment to the Senate by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson , on the recommendation of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien , in 2002 . Although a popular and articulate MP , he was hurt by the tradition of appointing no more than one Canadian Cabinet minister from Newfoundland at a time , and by his reputation as a maverick who said what he thought rather than what the party leadership would like him to say . Fred Mifflin 's and Brian Tobin 's appointments to cabinet following the 1993 election meant Baker had to remain on the backbench . Tobin 's resignation from the cabinet to become Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador opened the way for Baker to be appointed as Minister of Veterans Affairs . But when Prime Minister Chrétien lured Tobin back to Ottawa for the 2000 election , Baker was removed from Cabinet . He was appointed to the Senate in 2002 . On January 29 , 2014 , Liberal Party leader Justin Trudeau announced all Liberal Senators , including Baker , were removed from the Liberal caucus , and would continue sitting as Independents . According to Senate Opposition leader James Cowan , the Senators refer to themselves as the Senate Liberal Caucus even though they are no longer members of the parliamentary Liberal caucus . Baker retired from the Senate upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75 on September 4 , 2017 .
Gander - Grand Falls was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2004 . This riding was created in 1987 from parts of Gander - Twillingate and Grand Falls - White Bay - Labrador ridings . It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Bonavista - Exploits , Humber - St. Barbe - Baie Verte and Random - Burin - St. George 's ridings .
Rex Barnes ( born June 4 , 1959 ) is a Canadian politician . Born in Grand Falls-Windsor , Newfoundland and Labrador , Barnes was a member of the Progressive Conservative caucus in the House of Commons of Canada , representing the riding of Gander - Grand Falls . Elected in a by-election in 2002 , he lost his seat in the 2004 election to Liberal candidate Scott Simms , running as the member for Bonavista - Exploits . Barnes has been a paramedic , and a volunteer worker . Barnes was the Progressive Conservative critic for Public Works and Government Services , and Transport . He served as a city councillor in Grand Falls-Windsor for 9 years . Barnes served as mayor of Grand Falls-Windsor from September 2005 to September 2009 . In February 2011 , he announced plans to challenge incumbent MHA Ray Hunter for the Progressive Conservative party nomination in Grand Falls-Windsor-Green Bay South for the 2011 provincial election . Barnes lost the nomination receiving 327 votes to Hunter 's 533 . Barnes ran as an independent candidate in Grand Falls-Windsor-Buchans in the 2015 provincial election . He finished in third place with 19.6% of the vote .
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada ; PC ) was a federal political party in Canada . In 2003 , the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . One member of the Senate of Canada , Elaine McCoy , sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until 2016 . The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name . Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party , which has attracted only marginal support .
Raymond Lavigne ( born November 16 , 1945 ) is a former Canadian senator and businessman , and a former Member of Parliament ( MP ) .
Verdun ( also known as Verdun - Saint-Paul , Verdun - Saint-Henri and Verdun - Saint-Henri - Saint-Paul - Pointe-Saint-Charles ) was a federal electoral district in Quebec , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1949 and from 1953 to 2004 . Verdun - La Salle riding , which covered much of the same area , was represented in the House of Commons from 1949 to 1953 .
Liza Frulla , PC CM OQ ( born March 30 , 1949 , in Montreal , Quebec ) , formerly known as Liza Frulla-Hébert , is a former Canadian politician . She was a Liberal Member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1989 to 1998 , a Liberal Member of Parliament from 2002 to 2006 , and a member of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Paul Martin .
Stéphan Tremblay ( born November 4 , 1973 ) is a former politician in Quebec , Canada . Tremblay was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1996 to 2002 , and a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 2002 to 2006 . He was born in Alma , Quebec .
The Bloc Québécois ( BQ ) , ( French pronunciation : ​ [ blɔk kebekwa ] , Quebecer Bloc ) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty . The Bloc was formed by Members of Parliament ( MPs ) who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord . Founder Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney . The party seeks to create the conditions necessary for the political secession of Quebec from Canada and campaigns actively only within the province during federal elections . The party has been described as social democratic and separatist ( aka sovereigntist ) . The Bloc was the largest party in Quebec after Canadian federal elections , and either the second- or third-largest party in the House of Commons , for seven straight federal elections from the 1993 election until 2011 . The 2011 election saw the party win just four seats and lose official party status after a wave of support for the New Democratic Party . By 2014 , the party had been reduced to two seats because of resignations and expulsions . In the 2015 federal election , the Bloc won 10 seats in the House of Commons , even though the party 's leader Gilles Duceppe failed to win a seat . In the 2019 federal election , the party won 32 seats , regaining official party status as a result . The Bloc has strong informal ties to the Parti Québécois ( PQ , whose members are known as Péquistes ) , a provincial party that advocates for the secession of Quebec from Canada and its independence , but the two are not linked organizationally . As with its provincial counterpart , the Bloc Québécois has been supported by a wide range of voters in Quebec , from sections of organized labour to more conservative rural voters .
Lac-Saint-Jean is a federal electoral district in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of northeast Quebec , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 2004 , and has been represented since 2015 .
Sébastien Gagnon ( born May 21 , 1973 ) is a Canadian businessman and former politician and soldier . Gagnon was elected as a Bloc Québécois member of the House of Commons of Canada in a 2002 by-election . He was elected in the riding of Lac-Saint-Jean - Saguenay and was re-elected in the 2004 Canadian federal election in the riding of Jonquière - Alma . Gagnon is the former Bloc critic of Regional Development , and is a former critic of Children and Youth . He was defeated in the 2006 federal election . Gagnon was born in Metabetchouan , Quebec . Before entering politics , he was an entrepreneur and executive manager . Gagnon served in the Canadian Army from 1991 to 1995 .
Michel Bellehumeur ( born January 21 , 1963 ) is a Quebec politician . He was the Bloc Québécois Member of Parliament for the riding of Berthier - Montcalm . Born in Louiseville , Quebec , Bellehumeur had always been a Quebec nationalist , but was previously a member of the Liberal Party of Canada , serving as the official agent for the Liberal candidate in Berthier - Montcalm in the 1988 election . In an interview , he told the Toronto Star that he saw Quebec 's future within Canada until the 1992 referendum on the Charlottetown accord , rejected in both English Canada and Quebec . He was first elected in 1993 , in which the Bloc Québécois became the official opposition . During the 35th Canadian Parliament , Bellehumeur built the reputation of being a fighter . At one point during parliamentary debate before the 1995 Quebec referendum , wrote Paul Wells in the Montreal Gazette Liberal MP Patrick Gagnon invited Bellehumeur to step outside the House and settle an argument the two were having . Days after the referendum , Bellehumeur was kicked out of the House for accusing Deputy Prime Minister Sheila Copps of lying - an accusation that happened at that moment to be true , but was unparliamentary anyway . In 1996 , Bellehumeur was promoted by the BQ 's then-leader Michel Gauthier as shadow critic for Intergovernmental Affairs , a position that allowed Bellehumeur to represent the BQ 's position for post-referendum Quebec . He was re-elected in 1997 and 2000 . From 1994 to 1996 and in 1997 , he was the Deputy House Leader of the Official Opposition and Bloc Québécois Deputy House Leader . He resigned on May 18 , 2002 .
Berthier - Montcalm was a federal electoral district in Quebec , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2004 . This riding was created in 1987 from Berthier - Maskinongé - Lanaudière riding . It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Berthier - Maskinongé , Laurentides - Labelle , Montcalm and Rivière-du-Nord ridings . Berthier - Montcalm consisted of the towns of Berthierville , Louiseville and Saint-Gabriel ; parts of the Counties of Berthier , Joliette , Maskinongé , Montcalm , and Saint-Maurice . In 1996 , the riding was redefined to consist of the cities of Berthierville , Laurentides and Saint-Gabriel , the county regional municipalities of Montcalm , D'Autray and Matawinie ( including Manouane Indian Reserve No . 26 ) , and the Village Municipality of New Glasgow and the Municipality of Sainte-Sophie in the County Regional Municipality of La Rivière-du-Nord .
Roger Gaudet ( born May 26 , 1945 in Saint-Liguori , Quebec ) is a Canadian politician . Gaudet served as a councillor in Saint-Liguori from 1985 to 1989 . In 1989 he was elected mayor of Saint-Liguoiri , and then in 1993 he became reeve of the Montcalm MRC . In 2002 he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election for the Bloc Québécois in the riding Berthier - Montcalm . In the 2004 Canadian federal election he was re-elected- this time in Montcalm . A former restaurant owner , he briefly was the Bloc 's critic to Public Works and Government services in 2004 .
BGen John Alexander Jack Richardson ( 1 December 1932 - 2 June 2010 ) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 2002 . His career was in education and defence . During his term with the Canadian Forces , he attained the rank of Brigadier General . He graduated from the University of Ottawa with a Bachelor of Commerce , then from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education with a Masters of Education . He served with the Canadian Forces from 1952 , including a tour of duty in Germany . He eventually reached the rank of Brigadier General as a reservist . In 1961 , he joined Norwood Secondary School where he was a teacher and vice-principal and served at other schools , finally reaching Stratford , Ontario where he became superintendent of instruction . After his retirement from education , Richardson was elected in the 1993 federal election in Perth - Wellington - Waterloo for the Liberal Party , becoming the first Liberal to represent a Perth County-based riding in 40 years . After riding restructuring , he was re-elected at the Perth - Middlesex electoral district in the 1997 and 2000 federal elections . In all , Richardson served in the 35th and 36th Canadian Parliaments but abruptly resigned 11 October 2002 before completing his term in the 37th Canadian Parliament . The reasons for his resignation were initially declared to be personal , but later reports indicated Richardson had been ill for some time . A subsequent by-election loss of Richardson 's riding to Progressive Conservative candidate Gary Schellenberger was blamed by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien on Richardson 's reluctance to leave Canadian politics when his health began deteriorating .
Perth - Middlesex was an electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2003 and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2007 . This riding was created in 1996 from parts of Lambton - Middlesex , London - Middlesex and Perth - Wellington - Waterloo ridings . It consisted of :
Gary Ralph Schellenberger ( born September 15 , 1943 ) is a Canadian politician . He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2003 to 2015 , and represented the riding of Perth - Wellington for the Conservative Party . Schellenberger won five successive elections in eight years from 2003 to 2011 . He did not stand for re-election in 2015 .
Pierre Brien ( born 22 June 1970 in Ville-Marie , Quebec ) was a Member of Parliament from 25 October 1993 to 14 March 2003 . By career , he has worked in administration and economics . Brien was elected in the Témiscamingue electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 , 1997 and 2000 elections , serving in the 35th , 36th and 37th Canadian Parliaments respectively . He had served as the party 's whip from 15 August 2001 until 16 December 2002 . Brien left the Bloc Québécois following his decision to seek a seat in the Quebec National Assembly with the Action démocratique du Québec ( ADQ ) . He remained in federal Parliament as an independent Member of Parliament from 16 January 2003 until he resigned from federal politics on 14 March 2003 . He became the ADQ 's candidate in the provincial Rouyn-Noranda-Témiscamingue riding , but he and Rémy Trudel of the Parti Québécois both lost against Liberal Daniel Bernard in the 2003 Quebec election .
An independent or nonpartisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party . There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent .
Abitibi - Témiscamingue is a federal electoral district in Quebec , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004 . The area was also represented by the electoral district of Témiscamingue from 1968 until 2004 .
Gilbert Barrette ( born May 29 , 1941 ) is a Canadian politician . He was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada in the House of Commons of Canada , representing the riding of Témiscamingue since 2003 , where he won in a by-election . He lost the seat in the 2004 election to Bloc Québécois candidate Marc Lemay . Barrette is a former school administrator .
Antoine Dubé ( born May 15 , 1947 ) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 2003 . Born in Sainte-Rita , Quebec , Dubé has worked in administration and recreation . In 1984 , he unsuccessfully sought a seat in federal parliament with the Parti nationaliste du Québec . Dubé was elected in the Lévis electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 , 1997 and 2000 elections , serving in the 35th , 36th and 37th Canadian Parliaments respectively . The riding was renamed Lévis-et-Chutes-de-la-Chaudière in 1998 , during his second term of federal office . Dubé left federal office on March 17 , 2003 to seek the seat of Chutes-de-la-Chaudière in that year 's provincial election with the Parti Québécois , but lost to Marc Picard . In the 2015 Canadian federal election , Dubé sought election in Bellechasse - Les Etchemins - Lévis as a candidate of the Bloc Québécois . The seat was held by the Conservative Party 's Steven Blaney . He finished 4th with 11.53% of the vote behind Blaney , who was re-elected .
Lévis was a federal electoral district in Quebec , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 2004 . It was created by the British North America Act , 1867 . From 1998 to 2003 , it was known as Lévis-et-Chutes-de-la-Chaudière . It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Lévis - Bellechasse and Lotbinière - Chutes-de-la-Chaudière ridings .
Christian Jobin ( born April 7 , 1952 ) is a Canadian politician and was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for the district of Lévis-et-Chutes-de-la-Chaudière from 2025 to 2004 . He has been a Liberal . Jobin was the mayor of St-Étienne-de-Lauzon from 1993 to 2001 . He ran in the 1998 provincial election in Chutes-de-la-Chaudière , but was defeated . He also ran for mayor in Lévis in 2001 but he was defeated by Jean Garon . [ citation needed ] In 2003 , Jobin won a by-election and became a Member of Parliament . In 2004 though , the number of Liberal MPs from Quebec significantly decreased and Jobin lost the merged seat of Lévis - Bellechasse to Bloc Québécois candidate Réal Lapierre . He is a former accountant , and is married with 5 children .
Mac Harb ( born November 10 , 1953 ) is a Canadian former politician , who served successively in local Ottawa positions , as a Member of the House of Commons , and as a Senator for Ontario . He resigned his seat as Senator in 2013 amidst the Canadian Senate expenses scandal .
Ottawa Centre ( French : Ottawa-Centre ) is an urban federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968 . While the riding 's boundaries ( mainly to the south and west as the north and east borders have remained the Ottawa River and Rideau River , respectively ) have changed over the years to account for population changes , the riding has always comprised the central areas of Ottawa , the nation 's capital .
John Edward Ed Broadbent PC CC ( born March 21 , 1936 ) is a Canadian social-democratic politician , political scientist , and chair of the Broadbent Institute , a policy thinktank . He was leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada ( NDP ) from 1975 to 1989 . In the 2004 federal election , he returned to Parliament for one additional term as the Member of Parliament for Ottawa Centre .
Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien PC OM CC QC ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʒã kʁe.tsjẽ ] ; born January 11 , 1934 ) is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from November 4 , 1993 , to December 12 , 2003 . Born and raised in Shawinigan , Quebec , Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1963 . He served in various cabinet posts under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau , most prominently as Minister of Justice , Minister of Finance , and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development . He also served as Deputy Prime Minister in John Turner 's short-lived government . He became leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1990 , and led the party to a majority government in the 1993 federal election . He was reelected with further majorities in 1997 and 2000 . Chrétien was strongly opposed to the Quebec sovereignty movement and supported official bilingualism and multiculturalism . He won a narrow victory as leader of the federalist camp in the 1995 Quebec referendum , and then pioneered the Clarity Act to avoid ambiguity in future referendum questions . He also advanced the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Parliament . Although his popularity and that of the Liberal Party were seemingly unchallenged for three consecutive federal elections , he became subject to various political controversies in the later years of his prime-ministership . He was accused of inappropriate behaviour in the Sponsorship scandal , although he has consistently denied any wrongdoing .
Saint Maurice was a federal electoral district in Quebec , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1896 . Saint-Maurice was a federal electoral district in Quebec , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 2004 . The electoral district of Saint Maurice was formed in 1867 , the continuation of the pre-confederation electoral division with the same delimitation . In 1892 , it was merged with the district of Trois-Rivières to form Three Rivers and St. Maurice . A Saint-Maurice district was re-established in 1966 out of the former districts of Champlain and Saint-Maurice - Laflèche . The district was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Berthier - Maskinongé and Saint-Maurice - Champlain ridings . A high-profile MP was the former Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien , who represented the riding of Saint-Maurice - Laflèche for five years and the riding of Saint-Maurice for 29 years .
Marcel Gagnon ( born April 19 , 1936 ) is a former Canadian politician . A businessman , he served as a legislator for both the National Assembly of Quebec and the House of Commons .
Allan Michael Rock PC OOnt QC ( born August 30 , 1947 ) is a Canadian lawyer , former politician , diplomat and university administrator . He was Canada 's ambassador to the United Nations ( 2004-2006 ) and had previously served in the Cabinet of Jean Chrétien , most notably as Justice Minister ( 1993-1997 ) and Health Minister ( 1997-2002 ) . Rock was appointed as President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ottawa by its Board of Governors on June 3 , 2008 . His term began on July 15 , 2008 , and it ended on July 1 , 2016 . Rock was subsequently designed President Emeritus . Rock joined the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law in 2018 , where he is currently a Full Professor specializing in subjects related to international law ( notably international humanitarian law ) .
Etobicoke Centre ( French : Etobicoke-Centre ) is a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979 .
The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security , develop friendly relations among nations , achieve international cooperation , and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations . It is the largest , most familiar , most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world . The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City ; other main offices are in Geneva , Nairobi , Vienna and The Hague . The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars , succeeding the ineffective League of Nations . On 25 April 1945 , 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter , which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945 , when the UN began operations . Pursuant to the Charter , the organization 's objectives include maintaining international peace and security , protecting human rights , delivering humanitarian aid , promoting sustainable development , and upholding international law . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; this number grew to 193 in 2011 , representing the vast majority of the world 's sovereign states . The organization 's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies . Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring , reporting and confidence-building roles . UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s . Since then , 80 former colonies have gained independence , including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council . By the 1970s , the UN 's budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping .
Borys Wrzesnewskyj ( /ˌbɒrɪs fʃɪsˈnɛfski/ BORR-iss fshiss-NEF-skee ; [ a ] born November 10 , 1960 ) is a Canadian politician who represented the riding of Etobicoke Centre in the House of Commons of Canada . He held the riding from 2004 to 2011 and again from 2015 to 2019 . He is a member of the Liberal Party .
John Harvard , PC OM ( June 4 , 1938 - January 9 , 2016 ) was a Canadian journalist , politician and office holder in Manitoba . He served as a federal Member of Parliament from 1988 to 2004 , and was appointed the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba just before Canada 's 2004 federal election .
Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia - Headingley ( formerly known as Charleswood - Assiniboine and Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997 .
Steven John Fletcher PC ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Flecher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly . Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After forming government , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election , was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) . In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper .
The Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti conservateur du Canada ) , colloquially known as the Tories , is a federal political party in Canada . It was formed in 2003 from the multiple right-wing parties which had existed in Canada for over a century , historically grouped into two camps , Red Tories and Blue Tories . The party sits at the centre-right to the right-wing of the Canadian political spectrum , with the Liberal Party of Canada positioned centre to centre-left . Like their federal Liberal rivals , the party is defined as a big tent , welcoming a broad variety of members . The party 's leader is Andrew Scheer , who serves as Leader of the Official Opposition until his announcement of resignation on 12 December 2019 . From Confederation till 1942 , the original Conservative Party of Canada participated in numerous governments . Before 1942 , the predecessors to the Conservatives had multiple names , but by 1942 , the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservatives . In 1957 , John Diefenbaker became the first Prime Minister from the Progressive Conservative Party , and remained in office until 1963 . Another Progressive Conservative government was elected after the results of the 1979 federal election , with Joe Clark becoming Prime Minister . Clark served from 1979 to 1980 , when he was defeated by the Liberal Party after the 1980 federal election . In 1984 , the Progressive Conservatives won with Brian Mulroney becoming Prime Minister . Mulroney was Prime Minister from 1984 to 1993 , and his government was marked by free trade agreements and economic liberalization .