List of largest hydroelectric power stations
List -- Under construction
Table:
Name

Country

River

Expected
capacity (MW)

Expected
completion

Location

Baihetan
China
Jinsha
16,000[33]
2021-2022
28°15′06″N 103°39′34″E﻿ / ﻿28.25167°N 103.65944°E﻿ / 28.25167; 103.65944﻿ (Baihetan Dam)

Wudongde
China
Jinsha
10,200
2020[34]-2021
26°20′02″N 102°37′48″E﻿ / ﻿26.33389°N 102.63000°E﻿ / 26.33389; 102.63000﻿ (Wudongde Dam)

TaSang
Myanmar
Salween
7,110
?? (on hold)
20°27′23″N 98°39′0″E﻿ / ﻿20.45639°N 98.65000°E﻿ / 20.45639; 98.65000

Ethiopian Renaissance
Ethiopia
Blue Nile
6,450
2020-2022[35]
11°12′51″N 35°05′35″E﻿ / ﻿11.21417°N 35.09306°E﻿ / 11.21417; 35.09306﻿ (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam)

Diamer-Bhasha Dam
Pakistan
Indus River
4,500
2023[36]
35°31′08″N 73°47′10″E﻿ / ﻿35.51889°N 73.78611°E﻿ / 35.51889; 73.78611﻿ (Diamer-Bhasha Dam)

Dasu Dam
Pakistan
Indus River
4,320
2023
35°31′10″N 73°44′21″E﻿ / ﻿35.51944°N 73.73917°E﻿ / 35.51944; 73.73917﻿ (Dasu Dam)

Rogun
Tajikistan
Vakhsh
3,600
2018-2029[37]
38°41′03″N 69°46′26″E﻿ / ﻿38.68417°N 69.77389°E﻿ / 38.68417; 69.77389﻿ (Rogun Dam)

Myitsone
Myanmar
Irrawaddy
3,600
?? (on hold)
25°41′23″N 97°31′04″E﻿ / ﻿25.68972°N 97.51778°E﻿ / 25.68972; 97.51778

Mambilla
Nigeria
Donga
3,050
2024[38]
07°09′44″N 10°34′17″E﻿ / ﻿7.16222°N 10.57139°E﻿ / 7.16222; 10.57139﻿ (Mambilla Power Station)

Lianghekou
China
Yalong
3,000
2021-2023
30°09′46″N 101°00′49″E﻿ / ﻿30.16278°N 101.01361°E﻿ / 30.16278; 101.01361﻿ (Lianghekou Dam)

Ituango
Colombia
Cauca
2,456
2021[39] (?)
7°05′03.6″N 75°41′16.8″W﻿ / ﻿7.084333°N 75.688000°W﻿ / 7.084333; -75.688000﻿ (Hidroituango)

Tocoma
Venezuela
Caroní
2,320
?? (on hold)
27°33′13″N 94°15′31″E﻿ / ﻿27.55361°N 94.25861°E﻿ / 27.55361; 94.25861﻿ (Tocoma Dam)

Maerdang
China
Yellow
2,200
2020 (?)
34°40′21″N 100°41′32″E﻿ / ﻿34.67250°N 100.69222°E﻿ / 34.67250; 100.69222﻿ (Maerdang Dam)

Caculo Cabaça
Angola
Cuanza
2,172[40]
2024
9°41′01″S 14°58′56″E﻿ / ﻿9.68361°S 14.98222°E﻿ / -9.68361; 14.98222﻿ (Caculo Cabaça Dam)

Koysha
Ethiopia
Omo
2,160[41]
2021[42]
6°27′36″N 36°20′24″E﻿ / ﻿6.46000°N 36.34000°E﻿ / 6.46000; 36.34000﻿ (Koysha Dam)

Lauca
Angola
Cuanza
2,069.5
2017-2020
9°44′34.9″S 15°07′32.2″E﻿ / ﻿9.743028°S 15.125611°E﻿ / -9.743028; 15.125611﻿ (Lauca Dam)

Shuangjiangkou
China
Dadu
2,000
2020 (?)
31°47′29″N 101°56′03″E﻿ / ﻿31.79139°N 101.93417°E﻿ / 31.79139; 101.93417﻿ (Shuangjiangkou Dam)

Subansiri
India
Subansiri
2,000
?? (on hold)
27°33′13″N 94°15′31″E﻿ / ﻿27.55361°N 94.25861°E﻿ / 27.55361; 94.25861﻿ (Subansiri Lower Dam)

Taking into account the following table as well as the relevant paragraphs provided at the end.

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The watt ( symbol : W ) is a unit of power . In the International System of Units ( SI ) it is defined as a derived unit of 1 joule per second , and is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer . In SI base units , the watt is described as k g m 2 s − 3 { \displaystyle kg\ , m^ { 2 } s^ { -3 } } , which can be demonstrated to coherent by dimensional analysis . The watt is named after James Watt , an 18th century scottish inventor .
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers , letters or symbols . [ note 1 ] The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position ; alternatively , a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector . A common choice of coordinates is latitude , longitude and elevation . To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection .
The Baihetan Dam ( simplified Chinese : 白鹤滩大坝 ; traditional Chinese : 白鶴灘大壩 ; pinyin : Báihètān Dàbà ) is a large hydroelectric dam under construction on the Jinsha River , a tributary of the Yangtze River in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces , in the southwest of China . The dam is a 277 m tall double-curvature arch dam with a crest elevation of 827 m. Its width will be 72 m at the base and 13 m at the crest . The facility will generate power by utilizing 16 turbines , each with a generating capacity of 1,000 MW , taking the generating capacity to 16,000 MW . In terms of generating capacity , it will be the second largest hydroelectric power plant in the world , after the Three Gorges Dam . When finished , it will be the third largest dam in China and the fourth in the world , in terms of dam volume . Construction on the dam began in 2008 and is expected to be complete in 2021 .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
The Jinsha River ( Chinese : 金沙江 , p Jīnshājiāng , Gold Sand River ) is the Chinese name for the upper stretches of the Yangtze River . It flows through the provinces of Qinghai , Sichuan , and Yunnan in western China . The river passes through Tiger Leaping Gorge . It is sometimes grouped together with the Lancang ( upper Mekong ) and Nu ( upper Salween ) as the Sanjiang ( Three Rivers ) area , part of which makes up the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas .
The Wudongde Dam ( simplified Chinese : 乌东德坝 ; traditional Chinese : 烏東德壩 ; pinyin : Wūdōngdé Bà ) is a large hydroelectric dam currently under construction on the Jinsha River , a tributary of the Yangtze River in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces , southwest China . The design is one of the tallest in the world at 240 m ( 787 ft ) , and will generate power by utilizing 12 turbines , each with a generating capacity of 850 MW , totalling the generating capacity to 10,200 MW . Construction began in 2014 , the first generator is scheduled to be commissioned in 2018 and the entire project completed in 2020 .
The Tasang Dam ( Burmese : တာဆန်းဆည် ) , also known as the Mong Ton Dam , is a planned multi-purpose dam on the Salween River in the Shan State , Myanmar . The Tasang dam 's location will be 480 km ( 300 mi ) northeast of Rangoon and 52.8 km ( 32.8 mi ) west of Mongtong . The Tasang Dam will be the first dam on the Salween River and will be the largest hydroelectric dam in Myanmar and the tallest dam in Southeast Asia if completed . The Tasang will cost more than US $ 6 billion and is planned for completion in 2022 . The groundbreaking ceremony was in March 2007 , but construction has been stalled , and there has been little activity at the dam site as of 2008 . Substantial domestic and international controversy surrounds the Tasang Dam project . The Tasang dam is one of five dams the Myanmar Government plans to build on the Salween River .
Myanmar ( English pronunciation below ; Burmese : မြန်မာ , [ mjəmà ] ) [ nb 1 ] or Burma ( see §Etymology ) , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar [ nb 2 ] , is a country in Southeast Asia . Myanmar is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest , China to its northeast , Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast , and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest . With a size of 676,578 square kilometres ( 261,228 square miles ) , Myanmar is the largest of the Mainland Southeast Asian states by area . As of 2017 , the population is about 54 million . Its capital city is Naypyidaw , and its largest city is Yangon ( Rangoon ) . Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ) since 1997 . Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma . In the 9th century , the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and , following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s , the Burmese language , culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country . The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged . In the 16th century , reunified by the Taungoo dynasty , the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia . The early 19th century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well . The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony .
The Salween , known in China as the Nu River , is a river about 2,815 kilometres ( 1,749 mi ) long that flows from the Tibetan Plateau into the Andaman Sea in Southeast Asia . It drains a narrow and mountainous watershed of 324,000 square kilometres ( 125,000 sq mi ) that extends into the countries of China , Burma and Thailand . Steep canyon walls line the swift and powerful Salween . Its extensive drainage basin supports a biodiversity comparable with the Mekong and is home to about 7 million people . In 2003 , key parts of the mid-region watershed of the river were included within the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The people who live on the Salween are relatively isolated from the rest of the world . The river is only navigable up to 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) from the mouth , and only in the rainy season . The Burma Road was constructed between 1937 and 1938 during the Second Sino-Japanese War and crossed the river at the Huitong bridge . The Huitong bridge was blown by the retreating Chinese army and the river became the frontline from 1942 to 1944 . The Salween Campaign of World War II , was launched in order to liberate occupied China and open the Burma Road again and connect it to the Ledo Road . Logging began on the mountains surrounding the Salween in the late 20th century , and has damaged the river 's ecology . In recent years , there have been a number of proposals to dam the Salween River , both upstream in China and downstream in Myanmar , which have prompted social and environmental concerns as well as widespread opposition .
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam ( GERD or TaIHiGe ; Amharic : ታላቁ የኢትዮጵያ ሕዳሴ ግድብ , romanized : Tālāqu ye-Ītyōppyā Hidāsē Gidib ) , formerly known as the Millennium Dam and sometimes referred to as Hidase Dam ( Amharic : ሕዳሴ ግድብ , romanized : Hidāsē Gidib ) , is a gravity dam on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia that has been under construction since 2011 . It is in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia , about 15 km ( 9 mi ) east of the border with Sudan . At 6.45 gigawatts , the dam will be the largest hydroelectric power plant in Africa when completed , as well as the seventh largest in the world . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the work stood at approximately 70% completion . Once completed , the reservoir could take anywhere between 5 and 15 years to fill with water , depending on hydrologic conditions during the filling period and agreements reached between Ethiopia , Sudan , and Egypt .
Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II .
The Blue Nile ( Ge'ez : ጥቁር ዓባይ Ṭiqūr ʿĀbbāy ( Black Abay ) to Ethiopians ; Arabic : النيل الأزرق ; transliterated : an-Nīl al-Azraq ) is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia . With the White Nile , it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile . The Blue Nile supplies about 80% of the water in the Nile during the rainy season .
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and some part in Diamer , Gilgit Baltistan , Pakistan . Its foundation stone was laid by the then Prime Minister of Pakistan on 1998 . Upon completion , Diamer-Bhasha Dam would be the highest dam in the world . The dam site is situated near a place called Bhasha in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan , hence the name . Upon completion , Diamer-Bhasha Dam would ( i ) produce 4800 megawatts of electricity through hydro-power generation ; ( ii ) store an extra 10.5 cubic kilometres ( 8,500,000 acre⋅ft ) of water for Pakistan that would be used for irrigation and drinking ; ( iii ) extend the life of Tarbela Dam located downstream by 35 years ; and ( iv ) control flood damage by the River Indus downstream during high floods . However , in response to using Basha Dam to sideline the Kalabagh Dam , Engineer Anwer Khurshid has stated that Bhasha dam is no substitute for Kalabagh dam not because of its altitude which is high enough , but because no irrigation canals can be taken out from it because of the hilly terrain . No canals can be taken out from any dam on the Indus except from Kalabagh Dam . It is planned to have a height of 272 meters spillway with fourteen gates each 11.5 m × 16.24 m. The gross capacity of the reservoir will be 10 cubic kilometres ( 8,100,000 acre⋅ft ) , with a live storage of 7.9 cubic kilometres ( 6,400,000 acre⋅ft ) . Two underground powerhouses are being proposed , one on each side of the main dam having six turbines on each side with a total installed capacity of 4500 MW .
Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh .
The Indus River ( locally called Sindhu ) is one of the longest rivers in Asia , originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar , the river runs a course through Ladakh towards the Gilgit-Baltistan region Hindukush ranges , and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh . It is the longest river and national river of Pakistan . The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 km2 ( 450,000 sq mi ) . Its estimated annual flow stands at around 243 km3 ( 58 cu mi ) , twice that of the Nile River and three times that of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers combined , making it one of the largest rivers in the world in terms of annual flow . The Zanskar is its left bank tributary in Ladakh . In the plains , its left bank tributary is the Panjnad which itself has five major tributaries , namely , the Chenab , Jhelum , the Ravi , the Beas , and the Sutlej . Its principal right bank tributaries are the Shyok , the Gilgit , the Kabul , the Gomal , and the Kurram . Beginning in a mountain spring and fed with glaciers and rivers in the Himalayan , Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges , the river supports ecosystems of temperate forests , plains and arid countryside . The northern part of the Indus Valley , with its tributaries , forms the Punjab region , while the lower course of the river is known as Sindh and ends in a large delta . The river has historically been important to many cultures of the region . The 3rd millennium BC saw the rise of a major urban civilization of the Bronze Age . During the 2nd millennium BC , the Punjab region was mentioned in the hymns of the Hindu Rigveda as Sapta Sindhu and the Zoroastrian Avesta as Hapta Hindu ( both terms meaning seven rivers ) .
The Dasu Dam is a gravity dam currently being constructed on the Indus River near Dasu in Kohistan District , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province , Pakistan . The 242 m ( 794 ft ) tall dam will support a 4,320 MW hydroelectric power station which will be built in two 2,160 MW stages . Water from the reservoir will be diverted to the power station located about 3.5 km ( 2.2 mi ) downstream . The first stage was approved by the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council on 29 March 2014 . That stage will cost an estimated US $ 4.278 billion . Funding is being provided by the World Bank ( US $ 700 million ) , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China ( US $ 1.5 billion ) , Deutsche Bank ( US $ 1 billion ) and Aga Khan Development Network ( US $ 500 Million ) . Completion of stage one is expected in February 2023 . Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif attended the dam 's groundbreaking ceremony on 25 June 2014 .
Rogun Dam is an embankment dam under construction on the Vakhsh River in southern Tajikistan . The dam is situated 110 km from Dushanbe . It is one of the planned hydroelectric power plants of Vakhsh Cascade . Construction of the dam began in the Soviet era , in 1976 , but was abandoned after the collapse of the Soviet Union . Over three decades only preliminary construction has been carried out on the dam . Due to its controversial state , construction was suspended in August 2012 pending World Bank reports . The project was restarted by the Tajik government with Chinese help in 2017 . The power plant 's first unit was commissioned in November 2018 . The dam has drawn complaints from neighboring Uzbekistan , which fears it will negatively impact its lucrative cotton crops . The dispute over the project has contributed significantly to bitter relations between the two former Soviet republics .
Tajikistan ( /tɑːˈdʒiːkɪstɑːn/ ( listen ) , /tə- , tæ-/ ; Tajik : Тоҷикистон [ tɔdʒikisˈtɔn ] ) , officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( Tajik : Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон , Jumhurii Tojikiston ) is a mountainous , landlocked country in Central Asia with an area of 143,100 km2 ( 55,300 sq mi ) and an estimated population of 9,275,828 people . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kyrgyzstan to the north , and China to the east . The traditional homelands of the Tajik people include present-day Tajikistan as well as parts of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan . The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the Oxus civilisation , Andronovo culture , Buddhism , Nestorian Christianity , Zoroastrianism , Manichaeism and Islam . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Achaemenid Empire , Sasanian Empire , Hephthalite Empire , Samanid Empire , Mongol Empire , Timurid dynasty , the Khanate of Bukhara , the Russian Empire , and subsequently the Soviet Union . Within the Soviet Union , the country 's modern borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929 . On 9 September 1991 , Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union disintegrated . A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence , lasting from 1992 to 1997 . Since the end of the war , newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country 's economy to grow . Like all other Central Asian neighbouring states , the country , led by President Emomali Rahmon since 1994 , has been criticised by a number of non-governmental organizations for authoritarian leadership , lack of religious freedom , corruption and widespread violations of human rights . Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces . Most of Tajikistan 's population belongs to the Tajik ethnic group , who speak Tajik ( a dialect of Persian ) .
The Vakhsh ( River ) ( Tajik : Вахш , romanized : Vaxsh , Persian : وخش ) , also known as the Surkhob ( Сурхоб , سرخاب ) , in north-central Tajikistan , and the Kyzyl-Suu ( Kyrgyz : Кызылсуу , romanized : Qızılsuu ) , in Kyrgyzstan , is a Central Asian river , and one of the main rivers of Tajikistan . It is a tributary of the Amu Darya river .
The Myitsone Dam ( Burmese : မြစ်ဆုံ တာတမံ [ mjɪʔsʰòʊɴ tàtəmàɴ ] ; lit . 'Confluence Dam ' ) is a large dam and hydroelectric power development project which was planned to be built in Myanmar ( aka Burma ) . The proposed construction site is at the confluence of the Mali and Nmai rivers and the source of the Irawaddy River ( Ayeyawady River ) in northern Burma . As of 2017 [ update ] the project is suspended , but the Chinese in 2019 are trying to revive the dam . Had the dam been completed according to plans in 2017 it would have been the fifteenth largest hydroelectric power station in the world . The dam , planned to be 1,310 metres ( 4,300 ft ) long and 139.6 metres ( 458 ft ) high , was to be built by the Upstream Ayeyawady Confluence Basin Hydropower Company . The company is a joint venture between the China Power Investment Corporation ( CPI ) , the Burmese Government 's Ministry of Electric Power , and the Asia World Company . The dam was planned to have a generation capacity of 6,000 megawatts and to produce electricity primarily for export to Yunnan , China . CPI contended that China would not be the electricity 's primary market and stated that Myanmar would have first claim on the electricity generated , with the remainder sold for export . Opponents remained skeptical because most Burmese are not connected to the electrical grid , and doubted whether the dam would improve their livelihood . The dam project has been controversial in Burma due to its enormous flooded area , environmental impacts , location 60 miles from the Sagaing fault line , and uneven share of electricity output between the two countries . The Burmese public regard the Irrawaddy River as the birthplace of Burmese civilization .
The Irrawaddy or , officially , Ayeyarwady River is a river that flows from north to south through Burma . It is the country 's largest river and most important commercial waterway . Originating from the confluence of the N'mai and Mali rivers , it flows relatively straight North-South before emptying through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Andaman Sea . Its drainage basin of about 404,200 square kilometres ( 156,100 sq mi ) covers a large part of Burma . After Rudyard Kipling 's poem , it is sometimes referred to as 'The Road to Mandalay ' . As early as the sixth century , the river was used for trade and transport . Having developed an extensive network of irrigation canals , the river became important to the British Empire after it had colonized Burma . The river is still as vital today , as a considerable amount of ( export ) goods and traffic moves by river . Rice is produced in the Irrawaddy Delta , irrigated by water from the river . In 2007 , Myanmar 's military dictatorship signed an agreement for the construction of seven hydroelectric dams , yielding a total 13,360 MW , in the N'mai and Mali Rivers , including the 3600 MW Myitsone Dam at the confluence of both rivers . Environmental organisations have raised concerns about the ecological impacts on the river 's biodiverse ecosystems . Animals potentially impacted include the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin and the critically endangered Ganges shark .
The Mambilla Power Station , one of Africa 's ( and Nigeria 's ) biggest dam projects , is a planned hydro power plant which will be connected to three dams across the Donga River in Taraba State , Nigeria .
Nigeria ( /naɪˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria , is a country in West Africa , bordering Niger in the north , Chad in the northeast , Cameroon in the east , and Benin in the west . Its coast in the south is located on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean . The federation comprises 36 states and 1 Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja , is located . The constitution defines Nigeria as a democratic secular state. , Nigeria has been home to a number of ancient and indigenous kingdoms and states over the millennia . The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century , and took its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 by Lord Fredrick Lugard . The British set up administrative and legal structures while practicing indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms , Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 . It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970 . It thereafter alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999 , with the 2011 presidential election considered the first to be reasonably free and fair . Nigeria is often referred to as the Giant of Africa , owing to its large population and economy . With 206 million inhabitants , Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world . Nigeria has the third-largest youth population in the world , after India and China , with more than 90 million of its population under the age of eighteen . Nigeria is the world 's 20th largest economy as of 2015 [ update ] , worth more than $ 500 billion and $ 1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity , respectively .
The Donga River is a river in Nigeria and Cameroon . The river arises from the Mambilla Plateau in Eastern Nigeria , forms part of the international border between Nigeria and Cameroon , and flows northwest to eventually merge with the Benue River in Nigeria . The Donga watershed is 20,000 square kilometres ( 7,700 sq mi ) in area . At its peak , near the Benue the river delivers 1,800 cubic metres ( 64,000 cu ft ) of water per second . In Taraba State , Nigeria , there are three forest reserves , Baissa , Amboi and Bissaula River , in the Donga river basin . They lie on the slopes and at the foot of the Mambilla Plateau , south-west of Gashaka Gumti National Park .
The Lianghekou Dam ( meaning : mouth of two rivers ) is a concrete-face rock-fill dam currently under construction on the Yalong River in Yajiang County , Sichuan Province , China . The dam is located at the confluence of the Yalong , Xianshui and Qingda Rivers . The 295 m ( 968 ft ) tall dam will be the highest embankment dam in the country and support a 3,000 MW power station . Studies for the dam were completed between 2005 and 2009 with preliminary construction beginning that year . Major works on the dam officially began in October 2014 . The first generator is expected to be commissioned in 2021 and the project complete in 2023 . When the dam 's reservoir fills , it will force the relocation of over 4,900 people .
The Yalong River ( Chinese : 雅砻江 , p Yǎlóngjiāng , w Ya-lung Chiang , IPA [ jàlʊ̌ŋ tɕjàŋ ] ) or Nyag Chu ( Tibetan : ཉག་ཆུ་ , z Nyag Qu ) is an 822-mile ( 1,323 km ) long river in Sichuan province in southwestern China . It is a tributary of the Yangtze River . Its source is on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau in southeast Qinghai , and its confluence with the Yangtze is in Panzhihua in southwestern Sichuan . Along its route , the Yalong travels between the Shaluli Mountains to the west and the Daxue Mountains to the east . In Liangshan Prefecture , the river wraps 150 km ( 93 mi ) around the Jinping Mountains creating the Jinping Bend . Here , water from the Yalong River has been diverted under the mountains as part of the Jinping-II Dam hydroelectric project .
The Ituango Dam , also referred to as the Pescadero-Ituango Dam , is an embankment dam currently under construction on the Cauca River near Ituango in Antioquia Department , Colombia . The primary purpose of the project is hydroelectric power generation and its power plant will have an installed capacity of 2,456 megawatts ( 3,294,000 hp ) when completed . Preliminary construction on the dam began in September 2011 and the power plant was expected to begin operations in late 2018 , but will not after heavy rainfall and landslides in April/May 2018 blocked river 's diversion tunnel , threatening a breach of the dam . When completed , it will be the largest power station in Colombia .
Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law .
The Cauca River ( Spanish : Río Cauca ) is a river in Colombia that lies between the Occidental and Central cordilleras . From its headwaters in southwestern Colombia near the city of Popayán , it joins the Magdalena River near Magangué in Bolívar Department , and the combined river eventually flows out into the Caribbean Sea . It has a length of 965 km ( 600 mi ) to its junction with the Magdalena , for a total length of 1,350 km ( 840 mi ) . from origin to seamouth . The river is under the supervision of the Corporación Regional del Cauca and the Corporación Autonoma Regional del Valle del Cauca , and is navigable for 640 km ( 400 mi ) above its junction with the Magdalena .
The Manuel Piar Hydroelectric Power Plant ( Tocoma Dam ) is under construction and it is the last hydroelectric development project in the Lower Caroní River Basin of Venezuela . The project includes the installation of 2,320 megawatts ( 3,110,000 hp ) MW to generate an annual average energy of 12,100 gigawatt-hours ( 44,000 TJ ) . Ten Kaplan generator units , of 230 megawatts ( 310,000 hp ) , manufactured by Argentinian company IMPSA , were predicted to begin operations between 2012 and 2014 . The first generator was installed but not yet commissioned in April 2012 . Behind schedule , the dam began to impound its reservoir on 16 November 2015 . These units had the world record as of 2012 in power generation at nominal head for Kaplan turbines . The diameter of the runner is 8.6 metres ( 28 ft ) and nominal head is 34.65 metres ( 113.7 ft ) with claimed output up to 232 megawatts ( 311,000 hp ) .
Venezuela ( /ˌvɛnəˈzwɛlə/ ( listen ) ; American Spanish : [ beneˈswela ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( Spanish : República Bolivariana de Venezuela ) , is a country on the northern coast of South America , consisting of a continental landmass and many small islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea . It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2 ( 353,841 sq mi ) . The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean , on the west by Colombia , Brazil on the south , Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana . The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba , an area of 159,542 km2 ( 61,600 sq mi ) . For its maritime areas , Venezuela exercises sovereignty over 71,295 km2 ( 27,527 sq mi ) of territorial waters , 22,224 km2 ( 8,581 sq mi ) in its contiguous zone , 471,507 km2 ( 182,050 sq mi ) of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean under the concept of exclusive economic zone , and 99,889 km2 ( 38,567 sq mi ) of continental shelf . This marine area borders those of 13 states . The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas . The country has extremely high biodiversity and is ranked seventh in the world 's list of nations with the most number of species . There are habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon basin rain-forest in the south via extensive llanos plains , the Caribbean coast and the Orinoco River Delta in the east . The sovereign state is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states , the Capital District ( covering Caracas ) , and federal dependencies ( covering Venezuela 's offshore islands ) . Venezuela also claims all Guyanese territory west of the Essequibo River , a 159,500-square-kilometre ( 61,583 sq mi ) tract dubbed Guayana Esequiba or the Zona en Reclamación ( the zone under dispute ) . Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America ; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north , especially in the capital ( Caracas ) which is also the largest city in Venezuela .
The Caroní River is the second most important river of Venezuela , the second in flow , and one of the longest , 952 kilometres ( 592 mi ) from the Tepui Kukenan , where it originates with the same name Kukenan , up to its confluence with the River Orinoco to which it belongs . The name Caroni is applied starting from the confluence of the Kukenan with the Yuruani , at 182 kilometres ( 113 mi ) from the source of the Kukenan and 770 kilometres ( 480 mi ) from its discharge in the Orinoco . The meeting takes place in the south of Venezuela , in Bolivar State , being the most important tributary of the Orinoco , mostly because of the high discharge rate . The higher basin of the Caroni is situated in the Gran Sabana ( Canaima National Park ) close to the border with Brazil .
The Maerdang Dam is a concrete-face rock-fill dam currently under construction on the Yellow River in Maqên County , Qinghai Province , China . Construction on the dam began in 2011 and its 2,200 MW power station is expected to be operational in 2018 . On 13 November 2013 , the river was successfully diverted around the construction site .
The Yellow River or Huang He ( listen ( help·info ) ) is the second longest river in China , after the Yangtze River , and the sixth longest river system in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km ( 3,395 mi ) . Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of Western China , it flows through nine provinces , and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province . The Yellow River basin has an east-west extent of about 1,900 kilometers ( 1,180 mi ) and a north-south extent of about 1,100 km ( 680 mi ) . Its total drainage area is about 795,000 square kilometers ( 307,000 sq mi ) . Its basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization , and it was the most prosperous region in early Chinese history . There are frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed , sometimes above the level of its surrounding farm fields .
Angola ( /ænˈɡoʊlə/ ( listen ) ; Portuguese : [ ɐ̃ˈɡɔlɐ ] ) , officially the Republic of Angola ( Portuguese : República de Angola ) , is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa . It is the seventh-largest country in Africa , bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Zambia to the east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . Angola has an exclave province , the province of Cabinda that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda . The territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era , hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups , tribes and kingdoms . The nation state of Angola originated from Portuguese colonisation , which initially began with coastal settlements and trading posts founded in the 16th century . In the 19th century , European settlers gradually began to establish themselves in the interior . The Portuguese colony that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century because of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato , the Kwanyama and the Mbunda . After a protracted anti-colonial struggle , independence was achieved in 1975 as the Marxist-Leninist People 's Republic of Angola , a one-party state supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba . The civil war between the ruling People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) and the insurgent anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) , supported by the United States and apartheid South Africa , lasted until 2002 . The sovereign state has since become a relatively stable unitary , presidential constitutional republic . Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves , and its economy is among the fastest-growing in the world , especially since the end of the civil war ; however , the standard of living remains low for most of the population , and life expectancy in Angola is among the lowest in the world , while infant mortality is among the highest .
The Cuanza River , also known as the Coanza , the Quanza , and the Kwanza , [ citation needed ] is one of the longest rivers in Angola . It empties into the Atlantic Ocean just south of the national capital Luanda .
The Omo River ( also called Omo-Bottego ) in southern Ethiopia is the largest Ethiopian river outside the Nile Basin . Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia , and it empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya . The river is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin , the Turkana Basin .
The Lauca Dam is a gravity dam currently being constructed on the Cuanza River in Angola . It is situated on the borders of Cuanza Norte , Cuanza Sul and Malanje Provinces . Construction began in 2012 . The first generator of the 2,069.5 MW power station was commissioned on August 4 , 2017 , when the power plant was officially inaugurated by President José Eduardo dos Santos . The fifth generator out of six was commissioned a year later , in July 2019 . The dam and power station will cost US $ 4.3 billion , funded in part by the Government of Brazil . When complete in 2020 , it will be the largest power station in the country . The 132 m ( 433 ft ) tall roller-compacted concrete dam will withhold a reservoir of 5,482,000,000 m3 ( 4,444,000 acre⋅ft ) . The reservoir will supply two hydroelectric power stations , a main and an ancillary . The main will contain six 334 MW Francis turbine-generators and the ancillary a single 65.5 MW Francis unit . The ancillary power station will operate most often , to maintain a minimum 60 m3/s ( 2,100 cu ft/s ) ecological flow of the river .
The Shuangjiangkou Dam ( Chinese : 双江口大坝/双江口水电站 ) , also referred to as Shuang Jiang Kou ( Chinese : 双江口 ) , is an embankment dam currently being constructed on the Dadu River in Sichuan Province , China . When completed , the 312-metre-tall ( 1,024 ft ) dam will be the tallest dam in the world . Preliminary construction began in 2008 and the entire project was expected to be complete in 2018 . By April 2011 , over 200,000,000 m3 ( 261,590,124 cu yd ) of material had been excavated from the construction site . In March 2013 , China 's Ministry of Environmental Protection approved construction on the dam 's superstructure and associated facilities . The government acknowledged that the dam would have negative impacts on the environment but that developers were working to mitigate them . The dam is being built by the Guodian Group at a cost of US $ 4.02 billion . The entire construction period is expected to last 10 years . All turbines are expected to be commissioned by 2023 .
The Dadu River ( Chinese : 大渡河 ; pinyin : Dàdù Hé ; Wade-Giles : Tatu Ho ) , known in Tibetan as the Gyelmo Ngul Chu , is a major river located primarily in Sichuan province , southwestern China . The Dadu flows from the eastern Tibetan Plateau into the Sichuan Basin where it joins with the Min River , a tributary of the Yangtze River . Measured from its geographic source , the Dadu is actually longer than the Min and thus forms the main stem of the Min River system . Shuangjiangkou Dam , expected to be the tallest dam in the world , is being built on the Dadu River .
The Subansiri Lower Dam , officially named Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project ( SLHEP ) , is an under construction gravity dam on the Subansiri River in NorthEastern India . It is located 2.3 km ( 1.4 mi ) upstream of Gerukamukh village in Dhemaji District and Lower Subansiri District on the border of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh . Described as a run-of-the-river project by NHPC Limited , the Project is expected to supply 2,000 MW of power when completed . The project has experienced several problems during construction to include landslides , re-design and opposition . It was expected to be complete in 2018 . It is notable that , if completed as planned , it will be the largest hydroelectric project in India . As of early 2019 , work was not progressing on either of the two major dam projects in the Assam region , the Dibang and the Lower Subansiri . After clearance of Subansiri Lower Project by Honble NGT vide its Order dated : 31.07.2019 , Main works of the Dam has been resumed on 15.10.2019 .
India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .
The Subansiri River is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River in the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh , and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China . The Subansiri is 442 kilometres ( 275 mi ) long , with a drainage basin 32,640 square kilometres ( 12,600 sq mi ) large . The Subansiri is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra . Its maximum observed discharge was 18,799 cubic metres per second ( 663,900 cu ft/s ) , and its minimum 131 m3/s ( 4,600 cu ft/s ) . It contributes 7.92% of the Brahmaputra 's total flow . The Subansiri River originates in the Himalayas , in China . It flows east and southeast into India , then south to the Assam Valley , where it joins the Brahmaputra River in Lakhimpur district .