European Union free trade agreements
Trade agreements in force
Table:
State
Signed
Provisional
Application
In Force
Notes
Relations

Akrotiri and Dhekelia

2003

2004[3]

Customs union

Albania

2006

2006[a]

2009[4]

SAA

Candidate for EU accession

Algeria

2002

2005[5]

Euro-mediterranean AA

Andorra

1990

1991[6]

Customs union

Andorra–EU relations

Bosnia and Herzegovina

2008

2008[a]

2015[7]

SAA

Potential candidate for EU accession

Chile

2002

2003

2005[8]

AA[9]

Egypt

2001

2004[10]

Euro-mediterranean AA

Faroe Islands

1996

1997[11]

Autonomous entity of Denmark

Faroe Islands-EU relations

Georgia

2014

2014

2016[12]

AA incl DCFTA

Georgia–EU relations

Bailiwick of Guernsey

1972

1973[13]

Customs union

Iceland

1992

1994[14]

EEA

Iceland–EU relations

Isle of Man

1972

1973[13]

Customs union

Israel

1995

1996[a][15]

2000[16]

Euro-Mediterranean AA

Israel–EU relations

Japan

2018[17]

No

2019[18]

Economic Partnership Agreement [19]

Japan-EU relations

Bailiwick of Jersey

1972

1973[13]

Customs union

Jordan

1997

2002[20]

Euro-Mediterranean AA

Jordan–EU relations

Kosovo

2015

2016[21]

SAA

Kosovo–EU relations

Lebanon

2002

2006[22]

Euro-Mediterranean AA

Lebanon–EU relations

Liechtenstein

1992

1995[14]

EEA

Liechtenstein–EU relations

Mexico

1997

2000[23]

FTA[24][25]

Mexico–EU relations

Looking at the accompanying table together with the textual context below.

Give the answer to the question: What state signed a free trade agreement that is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

The European Union Customs Union ( EUCU ) is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union ( EU ) , Monaco , the United Kingdom , and some dependencies of the United Kingdom which were not part of the EU . [ a ] Some detached territories of EU members do not participate in the customs union , usually as a result of their geographic separation . [ b ] In addition to the EUCU , the EU is in customs unions with Andorra , San Marino , and Turkey ( with the exceptions of certain goods ) , [ c ] through separate bilateral agreements . The customs union is a principal component of the European Union , since its establishment in 1958 as the European Economic Community . There are no tariffs or non-tariff barriers to trade between members of the customs union and - unlike a free trade area - members of the customs union impose a common external tariff on all goods entering the union . The European Commission negotiates for and on behalf of the Union as a whole in international trade deals ( such as that with Canada and many others ) , rather than each member state negotiating individually . It also represents the Union in the World Trade Organization and any trade disputes mediated through it . During the Brexit transition period the United Kingdom continues to function as a part of the Customs Union . As of February 2020 [ update ] , the United Kingdom 's relationship with the European Union after the end of the transition period remains to be negotiated .
In talks with countries that have expressed a wish to join the European Union , the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political , economic , trade , or human rights reform in that country . In exchange , the country may be offered tariff-free access to some or all EU markets ( industrial goods , agricultural products , etc . ) , and financial or technical assistance .
Albania applied for European Union ( EU ) membership on 28 April 2009 , and has since June 2014 been an official candidate for accession to the EU , and is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU . Albania is currently receiving €1.2bn of developmental aid until 2020 from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance , a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries .
A European Union Association Agreement ( for short , Association Agreement or AA ) is a treaty between the European Union ( EU ) , its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them . Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political , trade , social , cultural and security links . The legal basis for the conclusion of the association agreements is provided by art . 217 TFEU ( former art . 310 and art . 238 TEC ) . Association Agreements are broad framework agreements between the EU ( or its predecessors ) and its member states , and an external state which governs their bilateral relations . The provision for an association agreement was included in the Treaty of Rome , which established the European Economic Community , as a means to enable co-operation of the Community with the United Kingdom , which had retreated from the treaty negotiations at the Messina Conference of 1955 . According to the European External Action Service , for an agreement to be classified as an AA , it must meet several criteria :
A customs union is the principal area of robust formal agreement between the Principality of Andorra and the European Union ( EU ) .
The accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union is the stated aim of the present relations between the two entities . Bosnia and Herzegovina has been recognised by the EU as a potential candidate country for accession since the decision of the European Council in Thessaloniki in 2003 and is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU . Bosnia and Herzegovina takes part in the Stabilisation and Association Process and trade relations are regulated by an Interim Agreement . Bosnia and Herzegovina formally applied for EU membership on 15 February 2016 , following years of constitutional reforms and engagements with the Dayton Peace Agreement . The failure of Bosnia to meet the conditions for the closure of the Office of the High Representative ( OHR ) in Bosnia and Herzegovina , including addressing state and military property ownership issues and implementing constitutional reforms , had prevented the country from submitting an application until 2016 . On 9 December 2016 , Bosnia and Herzegovina received the accession questionnaire from the European Commission and the responses to the questionnaire were submitted in February 2018 . On 20 June 2018 , the European Commission sent 655 follow-up questions to the Questionnaire . Presidency Chairman of Bosnia and Herzegovina , Milorad Dodik , handed over the answers to the additional questions on March 5 , 2019 . An opinion on Bosnia 's application was published by the European Commission in May 2019 . 22 policy and political criteria questions were still unanswered when Bosnia and Herzegovina submitted its latest response on 5 March 2019 . It remains a potential candidate country until it can successfully answer all of the questions on the European Commission 's questionnaire sheet as well as ensure the functioning of the Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary Committee and develop a national programme for the adoption of the EU acquis . Many observers estimate that Bosnia and Herzegovina is at the bottom in terms of EU integration among the Western Balkans states seeking EU membership .
Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .
The Faroe Islands , a self-governing nation within the Kingdom of Denmark , is not part of the EU , as explicitly asserted by both Rome treaties . The relations of the Faroe Islands with the EU are governed by a Fisheries Agreement ( 1977 ) and a Free Trade Agreement ( 1991 , revised 1998 ) . The main reason for remaining outside the EU is disagreements about the Common Fisheries Policy .
The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas ( DCFTA ) are three free trade areas established between the European Union , and Georgia , Moldova and Ukraine respectively . The DCFTAs are part of each country 's EU Association Agreement . They allow Georgia , Moldova and Ukraine access to the European Single Market in selected sectors and grant EU investors in those sectors the same regulatory environment in the associated country as in the EU . The agreements with Moldova and Georgia have been ratified and officially entered into force in July 2016 , although parts of them were already provisionally applied . The agreement with Ukraine was provisionally applied since 1 January 2016 and formally entered into force on 1 September 2017 . Unlike standard free trade areas , the DCFTA is aimed to offer the associated country the four freedoms of the EU Single Market : free movement of goods , services , capital , and people . Movement of people however , is in form of visa-free regime for short stay travel , while movement of workers remains within the remit of the EU Member States . The DCFTA is an example of the integration of a Non-EEA-Member into the EU Single Market . The European Parliament passed a resolution in 2014 stating that in accordance with Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union , Georgia , Moldova and Ukraine , as well as any other European country , have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in compliance with the principles of democracy , respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights , minority rights and ensuring the rule of law , thus formally recognizing the possibility of a future EU membership of the three countries .
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The European Economic Area ( EEA ) , which was established via the EEA Agreement in 1992 , is an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union 's single market to non-EU member parties . The EEA links the EU member states and three European Free Trade Association ( EFTA ) states ( Iceland , Liechtenstein , and Norway ) into an internal market governed by the same basic rules . These rules aim to enable free movement of labour , goods , services , and capital within the European Single Market , including the freedom to choose residence in any country within this area . The EEA was established on 1 January 1994 upon entry into force of the EEA Agreement . The contracting parties are the EU , its member states , and three EFTA member states . The EEA Treaty is a commercial treaty and differs from the EU Treaties in certain key respects . According to Article 1 its purpose is to promote a continuous and balanced strengthening of trade and economic relation . Unlike the EU Treaties , there is no mention of ever closer union . The EFTA members do not participate in the Common Agricultural Policy or the Common Fisheries Policy . The right to free movement of persons between EEA member states and the relevant provisions on safeguard measures are identical to those applying between members of the EU . The right and rules applicable in all EEA member states , including those which are not members of the EU , are specified in Directive 2004/38/EC and in the EEA Agreement . The EEA Agreement specifies that membership is open to member states either of the EU or of the EFTA .
Iceland is heavily integrated into the European Union via the European Economic Area and the Schengen Agreement , but it is not a member state . Iceland applied for membership in 2009 but the application was controversial and the Icelandic government later froze the application .
Israel is an associated state of the European Union . The relations between the two are framed in the European Neighbourhood Policy ( ENP ) , the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership , and the Union for the Mediterranean . The main legal ties between Israel and the EU are set by the 1995 Association Agreement . Several other agreements cover sectoral issues . Relations between Israel and the European Union are generally positive on the economic level , though affected by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the political level . In particular , Israel views four decades of EU declarations on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as one-sided and pro-Palestinian .
Relations between the European Union ( EU ) and Japan date back to 1959 . They have a strong trade relationship , particularly in investment flows . On 1 February 2019 , the European Union-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement ( EPA ) , the world 's largest open economic area covering a third of the world 's economy , entered into force .
Jordan-European Union relations are the relations between the European Union ( EU ) and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan which is outlined by a number of agreements and close co-operation . The EU is also Jordan 's main trading partner .
The Accession of Kosovo to the European Union ( EU ) is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU . Kosovo is recognized by the EU as a potential candidate for accession . Kosovo 's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on 17 February 2008 by a vote of members of the Assembly of Kosovo . Independence has not been recognised by Serbia , or five out of 27 EU member states , and as a result the European Union itself refers only to Kosovo* , with an asterisked footnote containing the text agreed to by the Belgrade-Pristina negotiations : This designation is without prejudice to positions on status , and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence . This has not prevented Kosovo from continuing its EU enacted Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism ( STM ) programme , aiming to gradually integrate its national policies on legal , economic and social matters with the EU , so that at some point in the future Kosovo could qualify for EU membership . To ensure stability at the territory and neutral rule of law enforcement , the EU is operating in Kosovo under the umbrella of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo ( UNMIK ) , deploying police and civilian resources under the European Union Rule of Law Mission ( EULEX ) . The Stabilisation and Association Agreement ( SAA ) between the EU and Kosovo was signed on 26 February 2016 and went into force on 1 April 2016 . On 6 February 2018 , the European Commission published its expansion plan to cover up to six Western Balkan countries : Albania , Bosnia & Herzegovina , Kosovo , Montenegro , North Macedonia , and Serbia . The plan envisages that all six applicants could achieve accession as members of the European Union after 2025 .
Lebanon-European Union relations see substantial ties through the EU 's European Neighborhood Policy ( ENP ) . The EU is the largest trading partner of Lebanon .
Relations between the Principality of Liechtenstein ( German : Fürstentum Liechtenstein ) and the European Union ( EU ) are shaped heavily by Liechtenstein 's participation in the European Economic Area ( EEA ) . [ citation needed ]
Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and the European Union ( FTA EU-MX ) , is a trade agreement between the European Union and Mexico . It was signed on December 8 , 1997 , in the city of Brussels , under the designation Agreement of Economic Partnership , Political Coordination and Cooperation between the United Mexican States and the European Community and its members . On October 1 , 2000 the agreement came into force , and taxes applying to a large quantity of importing goods were eliminated or reduced . The goal of this trade agreement is to establish a framework to encourage the development of trade in goods and services and their bilateral and preferential , progressive and reciprocal , taking into account the sensitivity of certain products and services sectors , and in accordance with relevant WTO rules . The Joint Council is responsible for deciding the arrangements and timetable for the liberalization of duties and non-duties barriers to trade in goods , in accordance with the relevant WTO rules . The decision shall include the following subjects :
Mexico has had a free trade agreement with the European Union ( EU ) since 2000 and the two benefit from high investment flows .