List of offshore wind farms
Largest operational offshore wind farms
Table:
Wind farm	Location	Site coordinates	Capacity ( MW )	Turbines & model	Commissioning date

Hornsea 1	United Kingdom	53°53′06″N 1°47′28″E / 53.885°N 1.791°E / 53.885 ; 1.791 ( Hornsea 1 )	1,218	174 x Siemens SWT-7.0-154	2019

Walney Extension	United Kingdom	54°5′17″N 3°44′17″W / 54.08806°N 3.73806°W / 54.08806 ; -3.73806 ( Walney Extension )	659	40 x MHI - Vestas 8.25 MW 47 x Siemens Gamesa 7 MW	2018

London Array	United Kingdom	51°38′38″N 01°33′13″E / 51.64389°N 1.55361°E / 51.64389 ; 1.55361 ( London Array )	630	175 × Siemens SWT-3.6-120	2013

Gemini Wind Farm	Netherlands	54°2′10″N 05°57′47″E / 54.03611°N 5.96306°E / 54.03611 ; 5.96306 ( Gemini Wind Farm )	600	150 × Siemens SWT-4.0	2017

Beatrice	United Kingdom	58°7′48″N 3°4′12″W / 58.13000°N 3.07000°W / 58.13000 ; -3.07000 ( Beatrice Wind Farm )	588	84 × Siemens SWT-7.0-154	2019

Gode Wind ( phases 1+2 )	Germany	54°04′N 7°02′E / 54.067°N 7.033°E / 54.067 ; 7.033 ( Gode Wind I+II )	582	97 x Siemens SWT-6.0-154	2017

Gwynt y Môr	United Kingdom	53°27′00″N 03°35′00″W / 53.45000°N 3.58333°W / 53.45000 ; -3.58333 ( Gwynt y Môr )	576	160 × Siemens SWT-3.6-107	2015

Race Bank	United Kingdom	53°16′N 0°50′E / 53.267°N 0.833°E / 53.267 ; 0.833 ( Race Bank )	573	91 x Siemens SWT-6.0-154	2018

Greater Gabbard	United Kingdom	51°52′48″N 1°56′24″E / 51.88000°N 1.94000°E / 51.88000 ; 1.94000 ( Greater Gabbard wind farm )	504	140 × Siemens SWT-3.6-107	2012

Hohe See	Germany	54°26′N 6°19′E / 54.433°N 6.317°E / 54.433 ; 6.317	497	71 x Siemens SWT-7.0-154	2019

Borkum Riffgrund 2	Germany	53°57′7″N 6°29′17″E / 53.95194°N 6.48806°E / 53.95194 ; 6.48806 ( Borkum Riffgrund 2 )	450	56 x MHI Vestas V164-8.0 MW	2019

Horns Rev 3	Denmark	55°49′N 7°42′E / 55.817°N 7.700°E / 55.817 ; 7.700 ( Horns Rev 3 )	407	49 x MHI Vestas V164-8.3 MW	2019

Dudgeon	United Kingdom	53°14′56″N 1°23′24″E / 53.24889°N 1.39000°E / 53.24889 ; 1.39000 ( Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm )	402	67 × Siemens SWT-6.0-154	2017

Veja Mate	Germany	54°19′1″N 5°52′15″E / 54.31694°N 5.87083°E / 54.31694 ; 5.87083 ( Veja Mate Wind Farm )	402	67 × Siemens SWT-6.0-154	2017

Anholt	Denmark	56°36′00″N 11°12′36″E / 56.60000°N 11.21000°E / 56.60000 ; 11.21000 ( Anholt Offshore Wind Farm )	400	111 × Siemens SWT-3.6-120	2013

BARD Offshore 1	Germany	54°22′0″N 5°59′0″E / 54.36667°N 5.98333°E / 54.36667 ; 5.98333 ( BARD Offshore 1 )	400	80 × BARD 5.0MW	2013

Global Tech I [ de ]	Germany	54°30′00″N 6°21′30″E / 54.50000°N 6.35833°E / 54.50000 ; 6.35833 ( Global Tech I )	400	80 × Areva Multibrid M5000 5.0MW	2015

Rampion	United Kingdom	50°40′N 0°06′W / 50.667°N 0.100°W / 50.667 ; -0.100 ( Rampion )	400	116 x MHI Vestas V112-3.45 MW	2018

Binhai North	China	34°40′04″N 120°21′29″E / 34.66778°N 120.35806°E / 34.66778 ; 120.35806 ( Binhai North Wind )	400	100 x Siemens SWT-4.0-120	2018

Merkur	Germany	54°2′N 6°33′E / 54.033°N 6.550°E / 54.033 ; 6.550	396	66 x GE Haliade 150-6 MW	2019

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Nameplate capacity , also known as the rated capacity , nominal capacity , installed capacity , or maximum effect , is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power plant , electric generator , a chemical plant , fuel plant , metal refinery , mine , and many others . Nameplate capacity is the number registered with authorities for classifying the power output of a power station usually expressed in megawatts ( MW ) . Power plants with an output consistently near their nameplate capacity have a high capacity factor .
The watt ( symbol : W ) is a unit of power . In the International System of Units ( SI ) it is defined as a derived unit of 1 joule per second , and is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer . In SI base units , the watt is described as k g m 2 s − 3 { \displaystyle kg\ , m^ { 2 } s^ { -3 } } , which can be demonstrated to coherent by dimensional analysis . The watt is named after James Watt , an 18th century scottish inventor .
Project commissioning is the process of assuring that all systems and components of a building or industrial plant are designed , installed , tested , operated , and maintained according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client . A commissioning process may be applied not only to new projects but also to existing units and systems subject to expansion , renovation or revamping . In practice , the commissioning process is the integrated application of a set of engineering techniques and procedures to check , inspect and test every operational component of the project : from individual functions ( such as instruments and equipment ) up to complex amalgamations ( such as modules , subsystems and systems ) . Commissioning activities in the broader sense are applicable to all phases of the project from the basic and detailed design , procurement , construction and assembly until the final handover of the unit to the owner , sometimes including an assisted operation phase .
Hornsea Wind Farm is a Round 3 wind farm under construction in the North Sea off the coast of England . The wind farm is planned to have a total capacity of up to 6 gigawatt ( GW ) . The development has been split into a number of subzones . The 1.2 GW Project 1 gained planning consent in 2014 ; a second 1.4 GW Project 2 was given planning consent in 2016 . In 2016 a third subzone was split into two projects Hornsea 3 and 4 , with approximate capacities of 1-2 GW and 1 GW , increasing the capacity of the developed project to a maximum of 6 GW . Construction of the first phase started in January 2018 , and the first turbines began supplying power to the UK national electricity grid in February 2019 .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Walney Wind Farms are a group of offshore wind farms 9 miles ( 14 km ) west of Walney Island off the coast of Cumbria , in the Irish Sea , England . The group , operated by Ørsted ( formerly Dong Energy ) , consists of Walney Phase 1 , Phase 2 and the Walney Extension . The extension has a capacity of 659 MW making it the world 's largest offshore wind farm . The wind farms were developed by Walney ( UK ) Offshore Windfarms Limited , a partnership between DONG Energy and Scottish and Southern Energy . The farms , which are immediately northwest of the West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm and west of Ormonde Wind Farm , are in water depths ranging from 19m to 23m and cover an area of approximately 73 km2 . Both of the first phases have 51 turbines giving a nameplate capacity of 367 MW . Until September 2012 it was the world 's largest operational offshore wind farm , and regained this title when the expansion completed in September 2018 . The first two phases were expected to generate about 1,300 GW·h/year of electricity , with a load factor of 43% . The Walney Extension opened in September 2018 with a further 87 turbines capable of generating 659 megawatts .
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Ltd. ( 三菱重工業株式会社 , Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha , informally MHI ) is a Japanese multinational engineering , electrical equipment and electronics company headquartered in Tokyo , Japan . MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group . MHI 's products include aerospace components , air conditioners , aircraft , automotive components , forklift trucks , hydraulic equipment , machine tools , missiles , power generation equipment , printing machines , ships and space launch vehicles . Through its defense-related activities , it is the world 's 23rd-largest defense contractor measured by 2011 defense revenues and the largest based in Japan .
Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer , seller , installer , and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945 . The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark , Germany , India , Italy , Romania , the United Kingdom , Spain , Sweden , Norway , Australia , China , and the United States , and employs more than 24,400 people globally . As of 2013 [ update ] , it is the largest wind turbine company in the world .
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A. , formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica S.A. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaˈmesa koɾpoɾaˈθjon teɣnoˈloxika ] ) and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A. , is a Spanish-based engineering company located in Zamudio , Biscay , Spain . It manufactures wind turbines and provides onshore and offshore wind services . It is the world 's second largest wind turbine manufacturer . The company is notable for its SG 10.0-193 wind turbine , the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 Platform , as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world . Its main competition will be the General Electric Haliade-X and the MHI-Vestas V164 .
The London Array is a 175-turbine 630 MW Round 2 offshore wind farm located 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) off the Kent coast in the outer Thames Estuary in the United Kingdom . It was the largest offshore wind farm in the world until Walney Extension reached full production in September 2018 . Construction of phase 1 of the wind farm began in March 2011 and was completed by mid 2013 , being formally inaugurated by the Prime Minister , David Cameron on 4 July 2013 . The second phase of the project was refused planning consent in 2014 due to concerns over the impact on sea birds .
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A. , formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica S.A. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaˈmesa koɾpoɾaˈθjon teɣnoˈloxika ] ) and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A. , is a Spanish-based engineering company located in Zamudio , Biscay , Spain . It manufactures wind turbines and provides onshore and offshore wind services . It is the world 's second largest wind turbine manufacturer . The company is notable for its SG 10.0-193 wind turbine , the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 Platform , as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world . Its main competition will be the General Electric Haliade-X and the MHI-Vestas V164 .
Gemini is a 600 megawatt ( MW ) offshore wind farm off the coast of the Netherlands . Construction started in 2015 with final commissioning in 2017 . It is the third largest offshore wind farm on Earth , after the Walney Extension and the London Array . The wind farm consists of two parts . The first part with 75 turbines is located north of Ameland . The second part also with 75 turbines is located 55 kilometres north of Schiermonnikoog . The 150 wind turbines are Siemens SWT-4.0 , each with a capacity of 4 megawatts . The wind farm has been developed by a consortium led by Northland Power , while Van Oord is the main contractor . Initially it was expected that the wind farm would be ready in the fourth quarter of 2015 , but the start of construction was delayed until 2015 . Electricity production started in February 2016 when the first turbine was connected to the grid . In the first week of December 2016 , all 150 turbines began producing power , and the project was fully commissioned in May 2017 . The total construction cost of the Gemini project is estimated at around 2.8 billion euros , and subsidies will be 3.6 billion euros .
The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' .
The Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm now known as Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Ltd ( BOWL ) project , is a wind farm close to the Beatrice oil field in the Moray Firth , part of the North Sea 13 km off the north east coast of Scotland .
Gode Wind 1 , 2 , and 3 are offshore wind farms located north-west of Norderney in the German sector of North Sea . They are owned by Ørsted . Gode Wind 1 and 2 are operational , while Gode Wind 3 is being developed . The projects were originally developed by PNE Wind AG who had received approvals for Gode Wind 1 and 2 from Germany 's Federal Agency for Marine Shipping and Hydrography . In August 2012 , the projects were acquired by Dong Energy .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .
Gwynt y Môr ( English : Sea Wind ) is a 576-megawatt ( MW ) offshore wind farm located off the coast of North Wales and is the fifth largest operating offshore windfarm in the world . The farm has 160 wind turbines of 150 metres ( 490 ft ) tip height above mean sea level . Planning consent for the project was granted on 3 December 2008 . The project has a value of 2 billion Euros , of which 1.2 billion Euros were spent on turbines and electrical connections . Construction began in 2012 , power production started in September 2013 , construction phase ended in November 2014 , and final commissioning occurred in June 2015 .
Race Bank Wind Farm is a 573 MW Round 2 offshore wind farm located 27 km north of Blakeney Point off the coast of Norfolk , and 28 km east of Chapel St Leonards off the Lincolnshire coast in the North Sea . The farm was commissioned in February 2018 .
Greater Gabbard is a 504 MW wind farm on sandbanks 23 kilometres ( 14 mi ) off the coast of Suffolk in England at a cost of £1.5 billion . Onshore construction activities commenced in early July 2008 at Sizewell . It was completed on 7 September 2012 with all of the Siemens SWT3.6-107 turbines connected . A 336 MW extension of the project called Galloper Wind Farm was commissioned in April 2018 .
Horns Rev is an offshore wind farm in Danish waters in the North Sea . The wind farm was built in three phases , with the first coming online in 2002 , the second in 2009 and the third in 2019 . The first phase was the first large scale offshore wind farm in the world with 160 MW .
Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .
Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 32 km north of Cromer off the coast of Norfolk , in the North Sea , England . It is owned by Dudgeon Offshore Wind Limited ( DOW ) , a subsidiary of Equinor , Masdar and Statkraft . The site is a relatively flat area of seabed between the Cromer Knoll and Inner Cromer Knoll sandbanks and is one of the furthest offshore sites around the UK . The project included constructing the wind turbines and their foundations , building an offshore substation and an onshore substation at Necton , installing power cables both undersea and onshore , as well as connection to the UK National Grid . This work is estimated to have cost in the region of £1.5bn . The wind farm was fully commissioned in October 2017 . The estimated annual production is 1.7 TWh which corresponds to 410,000 homes each using 4,100 kWh/yr . With a nameplate capacity ( peak power ) of 402 MW this corresponds to a capacity factor of 48% , or an average power of approximately 200 MW .
Veja Mate is a German 402 MW offshore wind farm in the German Bight of the North Sea about 95 km northwest of Borkum . The wind farm consists of 67 Siemens Wind Power SWT-6.0-154 turbines , each with a 6 MW capacity . In January 2017 , 18 months after the financial close , the first of the turbines started delivering power to the German grid . The last turbine was installed on 25 May 2017 , and commissioning activities were completed on 31 May 2017 . Construction was completed in less than 23 months after financial close , almost four months ahead of the schedule agreed at financial close . The EUR 1.9 billion ( US $ 2.1bn ) wind farm is owned by Highland Group Holdings Ltd , Siemens Financial Services and a fund managed by Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners ( CIP ) . The power is delivered via the offshore converter station HVDC BorWin2 to the German onshore Diele substation near Weener .
Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a Danish offshore wind power wind farm in the Kattegat , between Djursland and Anholt island . With a nameplate capacity of 400 megawatts ( MW ) , it is one of the largest offshore wind farm in the world ( along with BARD Offshore 1 ) and was the largest in Denmark from 2013 to 2019 ( when Horns Rev 3 was inaugurated ) . A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island .
BARD Offshore 1 is a 400 megawatt ( MW ) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines . Construction was finished in July 2013 and the wind farm was officially inaugurated in August 2013 . The wind farm is located 100 kilometres ( 60 mi ) northwest of the isle Borkum in 40-metre ( 130 ft ) deep water . Laying of cables to connect the wind farm started on 23 July 2009 . The 200 km connection is the longest of its kind in the world . It is also the first connection of an offshore wind park realized as HVDC-transmission . Construction of the wind turbines began in March 2010 . The first turbine became operational at the beginning of December 2010 . Construction was assisted by the purpose-built Wind Lift 1 barge / platform , which placed the 470 ton , 21 meter foundations on the sea bed . The project has run into serious and unclear problems , including being three years behind schedule and , at a cost of €3 billion , run significantly over budget . A diver and a worker died during construction . The farm was supposed to go online in August 2013 , but a series of setbacks , including a fire at a transmission station in March 2014 , have delayed its activation .
Adwen GmbH ( former names : Multibrid GmbH and Areva Wind GmbH ) is an offshore wind service company headquartered in Bremenhaven , Germany . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens Gamesa . Previously the company designed , assembled , and installed 5-Megawatt wind turbines for offshore wind farms . It also designed and manufactured rotor blades through its subsidiary Adwen Blades GmbH , headquartered in Stade , Germany .
Rampion is an offshore wind farm development by E.ON , off the Sussex coast in the UK . The wind farm has a capacity of 400 MW ( originally 700 MW were planned ) . The wind farm was commissioned in April 2018 .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .