List of Alpha Kappa Alpha sisters
Table:
Name

Original chapter

Notability

References

Robin Aikens

Lambda Alpha Omega

Division I golf coach, Chicago State University; founder of InnerCityGolf

[143]

Lisa Borders

Iota Mu

President of WNBA

[144]

Alice Coachman Davis

Honorary

first African-American woman to win an Olympic Gold Medal and first American woman to win a gold medal in track and field during the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England

[7]

Brandit Copper

Theta Sigma

former professional track runner, college all-American; Assistant Track and Field track coach, United States Military Academy; Associated Head track coach, California State University-Fullerton, first female (African-American) ever to coach on their coaching staff. Olympic Track and Field Coach to 2016 Bronze Medalist Bolade Ajomale.

[145]

Vonetta Flowers

Honorary

gold medal-winner of bobsledding competition in the 2002 Winter Olympics; first African-American (male or female) to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

[7]

Chryste Gaines

Alpha Xi Omega

US track champion; bronze medal winner, 2000 Olympics

[146]

Zina Garrison

Honorary

first African-American to win a tennis medal

[7]

Althea Gibson

Beta Alpha

first African-American to win a Grand Slam in tennis

[147][148]

Chamique Holdsclaw

Honorary

top WNBA draft pick; basketball player

[7][149]

Jolanda "Jo" Jones

Epsilon Lambda

US Track and Field Heptathlon champion; three-time NCAA Heptathlon champion; NCAA Top Six Award winner; Verizon Academic All-America Hall of Fame; Texas Black Sports Hall of Fame; University of Houston Hall of Honor

Tiffany Mitchell

Theta Gamma

Shooting guard for WNBA's Indiana Fever

[150]

Shannon Perry

Epsilon Theta

Women's Basketball assistant coach, Duke University; former assistant coach University of Southern California Women's Basketball team

[151]

Danya Pilgrim

Pi Beta

head coach, field hockey, Bryn Mawr College; head field hockey coach, State University of New York at Oswego; assistant coach, Wittenberg University

[152]

Lucy Diggs Slowe

Alpha

first African-American to win a national championship in any sport (tennis)

[153]

Dolly "Mabel" Landry Staton

Beta

member of US track and field team, 1952 Olympics; won several national championships in 50 meters and long jump

[154]

C. Vivian Stringer

Honorary

Rutgers University head basketball coach

[58]

Debi Thomas

unknown

first African-American figure skater to win a medal (bronze) in the Winter Olympics

[155]

Morgan Tuck

Lambda Tau

Forward for the WNBA's Connecticut Sun

[156]

MarLena Wesh

Lambda Theta

NCAA track-runner, 3-time ACC Champion in the 400, 3-time All-American; 2012 Summer Olympics Semi-finalist in the 400

[157]

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Naperville ( /ˈneɪpərˌvɪl/ ) is a city in DuPage and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois . Located 28 miles ( 45 km ) west of Chicago , Naperville was founded in 1831 and developed into the fifth-largest city in Illinois . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 141,853 , which was estimated to have increased to 147,682 by 2017 . In a 2010 study assessing cities with populations exceeding 75,000 , Naperville was ranked as the wealthiest city in the Midwest and the eleventh wealthiest in the nation . It was ranked among the nation 's safest cities by USA Today and Business Insider . Naperville was voted the second-best place to live in the United States by Money magazine in 2006 and it was rated first on the list of best cities for early retirement in 2013 by Kiplinger .
Chicago State University ( CSU ) is a public university in Chicago , Illinois . It is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . CSU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission ( HLC ) . CSU extends in-state tuition to undergraduate students from all U.S. states . Founded in 1867 as the Cook County Normal School , it was an innovative teachers college . Eventually it was taken over by the Chicago Public Schools and became Chicago Teachers College ( CTC ) . Northeastern Illinois University began as a branch campus of CTC . In 1951 , the State of Illinois began funding the college , and took it over in 1965 , transforming it into a comprehensive state college . In 1967 , it became Chicago State University .
Lisa Michelle Borders ( born c.1958 ) is the former president and chief executive officer of Time 's Up and former president of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) .
Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture .
The Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) is a professional basketball league in the United States . It is currently composed of twelve teams . The league was founded on April 24 , 1996 , as the women 's counterpart to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and league play started in 1997 . The regular season is played from May to September , with the All Star game being played midway through the season in July and the WNBA Finals at the end of September until the beginning of October . Starting in 2020 , a midseason tournament , the Commissioner 's Cup , will be added , with regular-season Cup games played through early July followed by a final match in August . Five WNBA teams have direct NBA counterparts and play in the same arena : Indiana Fever , Los Angeles Sparks , Minnesota Lynx , New York Liberty , and Phoenix Mercury . The Atlanta Dream , Chicago Sky , Connecticut Sun , Dallas Wings , Las Vegas Aces , Seattle Storm , and Washington Mystics do not share an arena with a direct NBA counterpart , although four of the seven ( the Dream , the Sky , the Wings , and the Mystics ) share a market with an NBA counterpart , and the Storm shared an arena and market with an NBA team at the time of its founding . The Dream , the Sky , the Sun , the Wings , the Aces , the Sparks , and the Storm are all independently owned .
Alice Coachman Davis ( November 9 , 1923 - July 14 , 2014 ) was an American athlete . She specialized in high jump and was the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal .
The 1948 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was held in London , United Kingdom from 29 July to 14 August 1948 . After a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II ; these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin . The 1940 Olympic Games had been scheduled for Tokyo , and then for Helsinki ; the 1944 Olympic Games had been provisionally planned for London . This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted them in 1908 , forty years earlier . The Olympics would again return to London 64 years later in 2012 , making London the first city to have hosted the games three times , and the only such city until Paris and Los Angeles host their third games in 2024 and 2028 , respectively . The 1948 Olympic Games were the first of two summer Olympic Games held under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström . The event came to be known as the Austerity Games , because of the difficult economic climate and rationing imposed in the aftermath of World War II . No new venues were built for the games ( with events taking place mainly at Empire Stadium and the Empire Pool at Wembley Park ) , and athletes were housed in existing accommodation at the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village , as were the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games and the subsequent 1952 Games in Helsinki . A record 59 nations were represented by 4,104 athletes , 3,714 men and 390 women , in 19 sport disciplines . Germany and Japan were not invited to participate in the games ; the Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes , sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics . One of the star performers at the Games was Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen . Dubbed The Flying Housewife , the thirty-year-old mother of two won four gold medals in athletics .
London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .
The University of Alabama ( Alabama or UA ) is a public research university in Tuscaloosa , Alabama . Established in 1820 , the University of Alabama is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama as well as the flagship of the University of Alabama System . The university offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor 's , master 's , education specialist , and doctoral degrees . The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA . Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology , communication and information sciences , metallurgical engineering , music , Romance languages , and social work . As one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States , the University of Alabama has left a cultural imprint on the state , region and nation over the past two centuries . The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement . The University of Alabama varsity football program ( nicknamed the Crimson Tide ) , which was inaugurated in 1892 , ranks as one of the ten most winningest programs in US history . In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the capstone of the public school system in the state [ of Alabama ] , lending the university its current nickname , The Capstone . In addition , The University of Alabama has produced a total of 56 Goldwater Scholars , 15 Rhodes Scholars , 16 Truman Scholars , 33 Hollings Scholars and 11 Boren Scholars .
California State University , Fullerton ( CSUF or Cal State Fullerton ) is a public university in Fullerton , California . With a total enrollment of about 40,400 , it has the largest student body of the 23-campus California State University ( CSU ) system , and its approximately 5,800 graduate student body is also the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of California . As of Fall 2016 , the school had 2,083 faculty , of which 782 were on the tenure track . The university offers 109 degrees : 57 bachelor 's degrees and 52 graduate degrees , including three doctorates . CSUF is a Hispanic-serving institution and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution ( AANAPISI ) . The university is nationally accredited in art , athletic training , business , chemistry , communications , communicative disorders , computer science , dance , engineering , music , nursing , public administration , public health , social work , teacher education and theater . Spending related to CSUF generates an impact of around $ 2.26 billion to the California and local economy , and sustains nearly 16,000 jobs statewide . CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans . They compete in the Big West Conference .
Vonetta Flowers ( née Jeffery ; born October 29 , 1973 ) is an American bobsledder .
Bobsleigh or bobsled is a team winter sport that involves making timed runs down narrow , twisting , banked , iced tracks in a gravity-powered sleigh . International bobsleigh competitions are governed by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation , also known as FIBT from the French Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing . National competitions are often governed by bodies such as the United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation and Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton . The first bobsleds were built in St. Moritz , Switzerland , in the late 19th century by wealthy tourists from Victorian Britain who were staying at the Palace Hotel owned by Caspar Badrutt . The early sleds were adapted from boys ' delivery sleds and toboggans . These eventually evolved into bobsleighs , luges and skeletons . Initially the tourists would race their hand-built contraptions down the narrow streets of St. Moritz , however , as collisions increased growing opposition from St Moritz residents led to bobsledding being eventually banned from public highways . In the winter of 1884 , Badrutt had a purpose-built run constructed near the hamlet of Cresta . The Cresta Run remains the oldest in the world and is the home of the St. Moritz Tobogganing Club . It has hosted two Olympic Winter Games and is still in use . Modern Bobsleigh teams compete to complete a downhill route in the fastest times . An aggregate time from several runs is used to determine the winners .
The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs .
Chryste Dionne Gaines ( born September 14 , 1970 in Lawton , Oklahoma ) is an American athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres . A 1988 graduate of South Oak Cliff High School in Dallas , Texas , Gaines competed for the United States in the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S. , in the 4 x 100 metres where she won the gold medal with teammates Olympic 100m champion Gail Devers , Inger Miller and Gwen Torrence who won the Olympic 200m in Barcelona and a bronze in the 100m in Atlanta . She returned to Sydney for the 2000 Summer Olympics as the sole survivor of the 4 x 100 meters , this time she lined up with double sprint gold medalist Marion Jones and fellow Americans Torri Edwards and Nanceen Perry but could only come away with the bronze medal . In 2003 , Gaines was issued a Public Warning and had her results disqualified for the detection of Modafinil . The same year she was investigated as part of the BALCO scandal and in 2004 she received a two-year doping ban . Recently , she ( with her other 4x100 meter teammates ) had been asked to return her bronze medal won at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000 as well as other achievements due to steroid use . She and five other members of the 2000 team would successfully appeal the IOC 's decision to force them to return their 2000 medals in July 2010 .
Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio . With a population of 892,533 as of 2018 estimates , it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States and one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation . This makes Columbus the second-most populous city in the Midwest ( after Chicago , Illinois ) . It is the core city of the Columbus , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses ten counties . With a population of 2,078,725 , it is Ohio 's second-largest metropolitan area . Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County . The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties . Named for explorer Christopher Columbus , the city was founded in 1812 , at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers , and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816 . The city has a diverse economy based on education , government , insurance , banking , defense , aviation , food , clothes , logistics , steel , energy , medical research , health care , hospitality , retail , and technology . The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute , the world 's largest private research and development foundation ; Chemical Abstracts Service , the world 's largest clearinghouse of chemical information ; NetJets , the world 's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet ; and Ohio State University , one of the largest universities in the United States . As of 2018 , the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500 : American Electric Power , Cardinal Health , L Brands , Nationwide , and Big Lots , just out of the top 500 . In 2016 , Money Magazine ranked Columbus as one of The 6 Best Big Cities , calling it the best in the Midwest , citing a highly educated workforce and excellent wage growth .
Zina Lynna Garrison ( born November 16 , 1963 ) is a former professional tennis player from the United States . She was a women 's singles runner-up at Wimbledon in 1990 , a three-time Grand Slam mixed doubles champion , and a women 's doubles gold medalist and singles bronze medalist at the 1988 Olympic Games .
Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as lawn tennis . It had close connections both to various field ( lawn ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term tennis referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis . The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye .
Althea Neale Gibson ( August 25 , 1927 - September 28 , 2003 ) was an American tennis player and professional golfer , and one of the first Black athletes to cross the color line of international tennis . In 1956 , she became the first African American to win a Grand Slam title ( the French Championships ) . The following year she won both Wimbledon and the US Nationals ( precursor of the US Open ) , then won both again in 1958 , and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years . In all , she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments , including five singles titles , five doubles titles , and one mixed doubles title . Gibson was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women 's Sports Hall of Fame . She is one of the greatest players who ever lived , said Bob Ryland , a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams . Martina [ Navratilova ] could n't touch her . I think she 'd beat the Williams sisters . In the early 1960s she also became the first Black player to compete on the Women 's Professional Golf Tour . At a time when racism and prejudice were widespread in sports and in society , Gibson was often compared to Jackie Robinson . Her road to success was a challenging one , said Billie Jean King , but I never saw her back down . To anyone , she was an inspiration , because of what she was able to do at a time when it was enormously difficult to play tennis at all if you were Black , said former New York City Mayor David Dinkins .
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University ( FAMU ) is a public , historically black university in Tallahassee , Florida . Founded in 1887 , it is located on the highest geographic hill in Tallahassee . It is the 5th largest historically black university in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida . It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida , as well as one of the state 's land grant universities , and is accredited to award baccalaureate , master 's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The 2020 edition of the U.S. News & World Report college rankings placed the university in Tier 1 among national universities ( 254th ) , 7th among all HBCUs and 2nd among all public HBCUs . The university is classified as an R2 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes higher research activity . For 2017 , the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A & M University 216th nationally and 2nd among HBCU for total research and development expenditures . FAMU sports teams are known as the Rattlers , and compete in Division I of the NCAA . They are a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) .
The Grand Slam tournaments , also called majors , are the four most important annual tennis events . They offer the most ranking points , prize money , public and media attention , the greatest strength and size of field , and greater number of best of sets for men , which is 5 . The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open in mid January , the French Open ( also known as Roland Garros ) from around late May to early June , Wimbledon in June-July , and the US Open in August-September . Each tournament is played over a two-week period . The Australian and United States tournaments are played on hard courts , [ a ] the French on clay , and Wimbledon on grass . Wimbledon is the oldest , founded in 1877 , followed by the US in 1881 , the French in 1891 , and the Australian in 1905 . However the French Championships was not considered a major before 1924-25 , when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments . Skipping majors - especially the Australian Open because of the remoteness , the inconvenient dates ( around Christmas and New Year 's Day ) and the low prize money - was not unusual before 1982 . Grand Slam tournaments are not operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) or the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) , but by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . However , the ATP and WTA do award ranking points based on a player 's performance at a major . The term Grand Slam , without qualification , and also originally , refers to the achievement of winning all four major championships within a single calendar year within one of the five events : men 's and women 's singles ; men 's and women 's doubles , and mixed doubles . In doubles , one team may accomplish a Grand Slam playing together or one player may achieve it with different partners .
Chamique Shaunta Holdsclaw ( born August 9 , 1977 ) is a former professional basketball player in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) most recently under a contract with the San Antonio Silver Stars . She announced her retirement from the Los Angeles Sparks on June 11 , 2007 , though she eventually came out of retirement to play with the Atlanta Dream for the 2009 WNBA Season . Holdsclaw was inducted into the Women 's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2018 .
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 inches ( 24 cm ) in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 inches ( 46 cm ) in diameter mounted 10 feet ( 3.048 m ) high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop . A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three . After a foul , timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or more one-point free throws . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but if regulation play expires with the score tied , an additional period of play ( overtime ) is mandated . Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) or by passing it to a teammate , both of which require considerable skill . On offense , players may use a variety of shots - the lay-up , the jump shot , or a dunk ; on defense , they may steal the ball from a dribbler , intercept passes , or block shots ; either offense or defense may collect a rebound , that is , a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard . It is a violation to lift or drag one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The five players on each side at a time fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the center , the tallest and strongest is the power forward , a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward , and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard , who implements the coach 's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Informally , players may play three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one . Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield , Massachusetts , United States , basketball has evolved to become one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity , salaries , talent , and level of competition . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas .
Jolanda Jones ( born 6 November 1959 ) is a former American heptathlete . At the 1987 Pan American Games she won bronze , and in 1989 she was US champion . Representing the University of Houston she was three times NCAA champion ( 1986 , 1987 , 1989 ) . In 2004 , she competed in Survivor : Palau . From 2008 until 2011 she was a member of the Houston City Council , school board member and is a criminal defense lawyer in Texas .
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/ ( listen ) HEW-stən ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas , fourth most populous city in the United States , most populous city in the Southern United States , as well as the sixth most populous in North America , with an estimated 2018 population of 2,325,502 . Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico , it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area , which is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , with a population of 6,997,384 in 2018 . Comprising a total area of 637.4 square miles ( 1,651 km2 ) , Houston is the eighth most expansive city in the United States ( including consolidated city-counties ) . It is the largest city in the United States by total area , whose government is not consolidated with that of a county , parish or borough . Though primarily in Harris County , small portions of the city extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties , bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston such as Sugar Land and The Woodlands . The city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30 , 1836 , at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou ( a point now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city is named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas ' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of Allen 's Landing . After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s , Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century . The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston , including a burgeoning port and railroad industry , the decline of Galveston as Texas ' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane , the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel , and the Texas oil boom . In the mid-20th century , Houston 's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center - the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions - and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located . Houston 's economy since the late 19th century has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in healthcare sectors and building oilfield equipment , Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits ( after New York City ) .
Tiffany Mitchell ( born September 23 , 1994 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Fever in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She went to Providence Day School as number 3 on the high school team . After concluding her collegiate career at South Carolina , she was selected ninth overall at the 2016 WNBA Draft on April 14 , 2016 . She graduated in May 2016 with a B.S . in Retail Management . As a member of Dawn Staley 's Lady Gamecocks , she was a two-time SEC Player of the Year award winner ( 2014-2015 ) . A threat on both the offensive & defensive ends of the court , she has drawn comparisons to Dwyane Wade for her ability to score and create her own shot in tough match-ups . Mitchell was initiated as a member of the Theta Gamma chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority .
The University of South Carolina ( USC , UofSC , SC , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Columbia , South Carolina . It has seven satellite campuses throughout the state and its main campus covers over 359 acres ( 145 ha ) in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities with Highest Research Activity . It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland , and the world 's largest Ernest Hemingway collection . Founded in 1801 as South Carolina College , USC is the flagship institution of the University of South Carolina System and offers more than 350 programs of study , leading to bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees from fourteen degree-granting colleges and schools . The University of South Carolina has a total enrollment of approximately 52,000 students , with over 35,000 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2019 - making it the largest university in the Carolinas . USC also has several thousand future students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges . Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business , engineering , law , medicine , pharmacy , and social work .
The Indiana Fever are an American professional basketball team based in Indianapolis , Indiana , playing in the Eastern Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded before the inaugural 2000 season began . The team is owned by Herb Simon , who also owns the Fever 's NBA counterpart , the Indiana Pacers , and Simon Malls . The Fever has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in 13 of its 20 seasons in Indiana . Some of the players who have helped define the history of the Fever include the American players Tamika Catchings , Katie Douglas , and Tully Bevilaqua from Australia . In 2009 , the Fever went to the WNBA Finals but fell short to Phoenix . On October 21 , 2012 , the Fever won the WNBA Championship with a win over the Minnesota Lynx . Tamika Catchings was named the series MVP .
The University of Iowa ( UI , U of I , UIowa , or simply Iowa ) is a public research university in Iowa City , Iowa . Founded in 1847 , it is the oldest and the second largest university in the state . The University of Iowa is organized into 12 colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees . Located on an urban 1,880 acre campus on the banks of the Iowa River , the University of Iowa is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . The university is best known for its programs in health care , law , and the fine arts , with programs ranking among the top 25 nationally in those areas . The university was the original developer of the Master of Fine Arts degree and it operates the Iowa Writer 's Workshop , which has produced 17 of the university 's 46 Pulitzer Prize winners . Iowa is a member of the Association of American Universities , the Universities Research Association , and the Big Ten Academic Alliance . Among American universities , the University of Iowa was the first public university to open as coeducational , opened the first coeducational medical school , and opened the first Department of Religious Studies at a public university . The University of Iowa 's 33,000 students take part in nearly 500 student organizations . Iowa 's 22 varsity athletic teams , the Iowa Hawkeyes , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are members of the Big Ten Conference . The University of Iowa alumni network exceeds 250,000 graduates .
The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 .
Wake Forest University is a private research university in Winston-Salem , North Carolina . Founded in 1834 , the university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest , north of Raleigh , North Carolina . The Reynolda Campus , the university 's main campus , has been located north of downtown Winston-Salem since the university moved there in 1956 . The Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center campus has two locations , the older one located near the Ardmore neighborhood in central Winston-Salem , and the newer campus at Wake Forest Innovation Quarter downtown . The university also occupies lab space at Biotech Plaza at Innovation Quarter , and at the Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials . The university 's Graduate School of Management maintains a presence on the main campus in Winston-Salem and in Charlotte , North Carolina . Wake Forest has produced 15 Rhodes Scholars , including 13 since 1986 , four Marshall Scholars , 15 Truman Scholars and 92 Fulbright recipients since 1993. Notable people of Wake Forest University include author Maya Angelou , mathematician Phillip Griffiths , Senators Richard Burr and Kay Hagan , former sportscaster and athlete Billy Packer , athletes Chris Paul , Tim Duncan , Muggsy Bogues , Brian Piccolo and Arnold Palmer , and CEO Charlie Ergen . Wake Forest student athletes are known as the Demon Deacons and compete in the NCAA Division I - Atlantic Coast Conference .
Bryn Mawr College ( /ˌbrɪnˈmɑːr/ brin-MAR ; Welsh : [ ˌbɾɨ̞nˈmau̯ɾ ] ) is a women 's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr , Pennsylvania . Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885 , Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges and the Tri-College Consortium . The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students . It was the first women 's college to offer graduate education through a PhD .
State University of New York at Oswego ( SUNY Oswego or Oswego State ) is a public college in the City of Oswego and Town of Oswego , New York . It has two campuses : historic lakeside campus in Oswego and Metro Center in Syracuse , New York . SUNY Oswego was founded in 1861 as the Oswego Primary Teachers Training School by Edward Austin Sheldon , who introduced a revolutionary teaching methodology Oswego Movement in American education . In 1942 the New York Legislature elevated it from a normal school to a degree-granting teachers ' college , Oswego State Teachers College , which was a founding and charter member of the State University of New York system in 1948 . In 1962 the college broadened its scope to become a liberal arts college . SUNY Oswego currently has over 80,000 living alumni . Oswego State offers more than 100 academic programs leading to bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and certificates of advanced study . It consists of four colleges and schools : College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , School of Business , School of Education , and School of Communications , Media and the Arts .
Wittenberg University is a private liberal arts college in Springfield , Ohio . It has approximately 2,000 full-time students representing 37 states and 30 foreign countries .
Lucy Diggs Slowe ( July 4 , 1885 - October 21 , 1937 ) was the first black woman to serve as Dean of Women at any American university and the first Dean of Women at Howard University . She was one of the original sixteen founders of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority , Incorporated , the first sorority founded by African-American women . She was one of the nine original founders of the sorority in 1908 at Howard University . In 1922 , Slowe was appointed the first Dean of Women at Howard University . She continued in that role at Howard for 15 years until her death . In addition , Slowe created and led two professional associations to support college administrators . Slowe was also a tennis champion , winning the national title of the American Tennis Association 's first tournament in 1917 , the first African-American woman to win a major sports title .
DePaul University is a private , Roman Catholic university in Chicago , Illinois . Founded by the Vincentians in 1898 , the university takes its name from the 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul . In 1998 , it became the largest Catholic university by enrollment in the United States . Following in the footsteps of its founders , DePaul places special emphasis on recruiting first-generation students and others from disadvantaged backgrounds . DePaul 's two campuses are located in Lincoln Park and the Loop . The Lincoln Park Campus is home to the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences , Science and Health , and Education . It also houses the School of Music , the Theatre School , and the John T. Richardson Library . The Loop campus houses the Colleges of Communication , Computing and Digital Media , and Law , as well as the School of Public Service and the School for New Learning . It is also home to the Kellstadt Graduate School of Business , which is part of the nationally ranked Driehaus College of Business , the tenth oldest business school in the nation . The Loop campus also houses the Loop Library , the Rinn Law Library , and the Barnes and Noble-based Student Center . The university enrolls around 16,000 undergraduates and about 7,600 graduate/law students , making DePaul the 13th largest private university by enrollment in the United States , and the largest private university in Illinois . According to the Division of Student Affairs website , about 90% of DePaul 's students commute or live off campus .
Charlaine Vivian Stringer ( born March 16 , 1948 ) is an American basketball coach , with one of the best records in the history of women 's basketball . She is currently the head coach of the Rutgers University women 's basketball team . Stringer is the first coach in NCAA history to lead three different women 's programs to the NCAA Final Four : Rutgers in 2000 and 2007 , the University of Iowa in 1993 , and Cheyney State College ( now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania ) in 1982 . She is the sixth winningest coach in women 's basketball history . [ citation needed ] She was honored as the Naismith College Coach of the Year for women 's basketball in 1993 , and is a member of the Women 's Basketball Hall of Fame . She was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame in April 2009 , and was inducted in September of that year . On February 26 , 2013 , Stringer won her 900th game , becoming only the fifth coach in women 's basketball history to reach this mark , joining Summitt , Hatchell , Jody Conradt , and Geno Auriemma .
Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey ( /ˈrʌtɡərz/ ) , commonly referred to as Rutgers University , or RU , is an American public research university in New Jersey . It is the largest institution of higher education in New Jersey . Rutgers was originally chartered as Queen 's College on November 10 , 1766 . It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The college was renamed Rutgers College in 1825 in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers . For most of its existence , Rutgers was a private liberal arts college but it evolved into a coeducational public research university after being designated The State University of New Jersey by the New Jersey Legislature in laws enacted in 1945 and 1956 . Rutgers has three campuses located throughout New Jersey : New Brunswick campus in New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway , the Newark campus , and the Camden campus . The university has additional facilities elsewhere in the state . Instruction is offered by 9,000 faculty members in 175 academic departments to over 45,000 undergraduate students and more than 20,000 graduate and professional students . The university is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Big Ten Academic Alliance , the Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association . The New Brunswick campus was categorized by Howard and Matthew Green in their book titled The Public Ivies : America 's Flagship Public Universities ( 2001 ) as a Public Ivy .
Debra Janine Thomas ( born March 25 , 1967 ) is an American former figure skater and physician . She is the 1986 World champion , the 1988 Olympic bronze medalist , and a two-time U.S. national champion . Her rivalry with East Germany 's Katarina Witt at the 1988 Calgary Olympics was known as the Battle of the Carmens .
Figure skating is a sport in which individuals , duos , or groups perform on figure skates on ice . It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games , when it was contested at the 1908 Olympics in London . The four Olympic disciplines are men 's singles , ladies ' singles , pair skating , and ice dance . Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating , Theater on Ice , and four skating . From intermediate through senior-level competition , skaters generally perform two programs ( short and free skate ) , which may include spins , jumps , moves in the field , lifts , throw jumps , death spirals , and other elements or moves , depending on the discipline . The blade has a groove on the bottom creating two distinct edges : inside and outside . Judges prefer that skaters glide on one edge of the blade and not on both at the same time , which is referred to as a flat edge . During a spin , skaters use the sweet spot of the blade , formally called a rocker , which is the roundest portion of the blade , just behind the toe pick and near the middle of the blade . Skates used in singles and pair skating have a set of large , jagged teeth called toe picks on the front of the blade . Toe picks are mainly used for the take-off on jumps . Ice dance blades have smaller toe picks . Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level ( senior ) at local , regional , sectional , national , and international competitions .
Morgan Tuck ( born April 30 , 1994 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Seattle Storm of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She played her first four WNBA seasons with the Connecticut Sun . She won 4 consecutive NCAA championships with the University of Connecticut . She completed her high school career at Bolingbrook High School in Bolingbrook , Illinois . She played on the USA Basketball U17 , U18 and U19 teams , where she helped each team win a Gold Medal .
The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) is a public land grant , National Sea Grant and National Space Grant research university in Storrs , Connecticut . It was founded in 1881 . The primary 4,400-acre ( 17.8 km2 ) campus is in Storrs , Connecticut , approximately a half hour 's drive from Hartford and 90 minutes from Boston . It is a flagship university that is ranked as tied for the best public national university in New England and is tied for 24th in top public schools and tied for 64th best national university in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings . UConn has been ranked by Money Magazine and Princeton Review top 18th in value . The university is designated R-1 : Doctoral Universities - Highest Research Activity with the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education classifying the student body as More Selective , its most selective admissions category . The university has been recognized as a Public Ivy , defined as a select group of publicly funded universities considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . UConn is one of the founding institutions of the Hartford , Connecticut/Springfield , Massachusetts regional economic and cultural partnership alliance known as New England 's Knowledge Corridor . UConn was the second U.S. university invited into Universitas 21 , an elite international network of 24 research-intensive universities , who work together to foster global citizenship . UConn is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School , named after two brothers who donated the land for the school . In 1893 , the school became a land grant college .
The Connecticut Sun are an American professional basketball team based in Uncasville , Connecticut that competes in the Eastern Conference of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . Along with the Minnesota Lynx , the club was established in 1999 as part of the league 's expansion from ten to twelve teams . The Miracle , the club 's previous moniker , originated that year in Orlando , Florida , as the sister team to the NBA 's Orlando Magic . Financial straits left the Miracle teetering on the brink of disbanding before the Mohegan Indian tribe purchased and relocated the team to Mohegan Sun , becoming the first Native American tribe to own a professional sports franchise . The derivative of the club 's name comes from its affiliation with Mohegan Sun , while the team 's logo is reflective of a modern interpretation of an ancient Mohegan symbol . Capitalizing on the popularity of women 's basketball in the state , as a result of the success of the UConn Huskies , the Sun also held the distinction of being the only WNBA franchise not to share its market with an NBA team from 2003 until the Seattle SuperSonics relocated , leaving the Storm as an independent team in Seattle . The Sun has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in eight of its fourteen years in Connecticut .
Clemson University ( /ˈklɛmp.sən , ˈklɛm.zən/ [ note a ] ) is a public , land-grant research university in Clemson , South Carolina . Founded in 1889 , Clemson is the second-largest university in student population in South Carolina . For the fall 2017 semester , the university enrolled a total of 19,402 undergraduate students and 4,985 graduate students , and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1 . Clemson 's 1,400-acre campus is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains and sits next to Lake Hartwell . The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research , education , and recreation . Clemson University consists of seven colleges : Agriculture , Forestry and Life Sciences ; Architecture , Arts and Humanities ; Business ; Behavioral , Social and Health Sciences ; Education ; Engineering , Computing and Applied Sciences ; and Science . U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University tied for 24 among all national public universities . Clemson University is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity .
Tonique Williams-Darling ( born January 17 , 1976 in Nassau , Bahamas ) is a Bahamian sprint athlete . She won the gold medal in the 400 meters at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She graduated from St. John 's College Bahamas ( high school ) .
The Bahamas ( /bəˈhɑːməz/ ( listen ) ) , known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas , is a country within the Lucayan Archipelago in the West Indies . It is a member of the Commonwealth Realms under the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II . The archipelagic state consists of more than 700 islands , cays , and islets in the Atlantic Ocean , and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola Island ( Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands , southeast of the U.S. state of Florida , and east of the Florida Keys . The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence . The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas ' territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 ( 180,000 sq mi ) of ocean space . The Bahamas were inhabited by the Lucayans , a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taíno people , for many centuries . Columbus was the first European to see the islands , making his first landfall in the 'New World ' in 1492 . Later , the Spanish shipped the native Lucayans to slavery on Hispaniola , after which the Bahama islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648 , when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera . The Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718 , when the British clamped down on piracy . After the American Revolutionary War , the Crown resettled thousands of American Loyalists to the Bahamas ; they took their slaves with them and established plantations on land grants . African slaves and their descendants constituted the majority of the population from this period on . The slave trade was abolished by the British in 1807 ; slavery in the Bahamas was abolished in 1834 .
Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running , jumping , and throwing . The name is derived from where the sport takes place , a running track and a grass field for the throwing and some of the jumping events . Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics , which also includes road running , cross country running , and racewalking . The foot racing events , which include sprints , middle- and long-distance events , racewalking and hurdling , are won by the athlete who completes it in the least time . The jumping and throwing events are won by those who achieve the greatest distance or height . Regular jumping events include long jump , triple jump , high jump and pole vault , while the most common throwing events are shot put , javelin , discus and hammer . There are also combined events or multi events , such as the pentathlon consisting of five events , heptathlon consisting of seven events , and decathlon consisting of ten events . In these , athletes participate in a combination of track and field events . Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor ; the most prominent team events are relay races , which typically feature teams of four . Events are almost exclusively divided by gender , although both the men 's and women 's competitions are usually held at the same venue . If a race has too many people to run all at once , preliminary heats will be run to narrow down the field of participants . Track and field is one of the oldest sports .
The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .