China Airlines
Subsidiaries and associates
Table:
Company
Type
Principal activities
Incorporated in
Group's equity shareholding

Cal-Asia Investment Inc.
Subsidiary
Holding company
British Virgin Islands
100%

CAL Park
Subsidiary
Headquarters
Taiwan
100%

China Aircraft Services Limited[95]
Joint Venture
Maintenance Company
Hong Kong
20%

China Pacific Catering Services Limited
Subsidiary
Catering services
Taiwan
51%

China Pacific Laundry Services Limited
Subsidiary
Laundry
Taiwan
55%

Dynasty Holidays
Subsidiary
Travel agency
Taiwan
51%

Global Sky Express Limited
Joint Venture
Cargo loading
Taiwan
25%

Hwa Hsia Company Limited
Subsidiary
Laundry
Taiwan
100%

Mandarin Airlines
Subsidiary
Airline
Taiwan
93.99%

Taiwan Air Cargo Terminals Limited
Subsidiary
Cargo loading
Taiwan
54%

Taiwan Aircraft Maintenance & Engineering Co. (TAMECO)
Subsidiary
MRO company
Taiwan
100%

Taoyuan International Airport Services Limited
Subsidiary
Ground handling
Taiwan
49%

Tigerair Taiwan
Subsidiary
Low-cost carrier
Taiwan
100%[96]

With reference to the given table together with the background passages below.

State the answer to the question: Which people were the 17th century rulers of the state with the airline that has a fleet of ten aircraft ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The British Virgin Islands ( abbreviated BVI ) , officially simply the Virgin Islands , are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean , to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla . The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies . The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola , Virgin Gorda , Anegada , and Jost Van Dyke , along with over 50 other smaller islands and cays . About 16 of the islands are inhabited . The capital , Road Town , is on Tortola , the largest island , which is about 20 km ( 12 mi ) long and 5 km ( 3 mi ) wide . The islands had a population of about 28,000 at the 2010 Census , of whom approximately 23,500 lived on Tortola ; current estimates put the population at 35,802 ( July 2018 ) . British Virgin Islanders are British Overseas Territories citizens and since 2002 are British citizens as well .
The CAL Park ( Chinese : 華航園區 ; pinyin : Huáháng Yuánqū ) is located in Dayuan District , Taoyuan City in the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) . The building is located next to Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport 's terminals . The CAL Park is the flagship building and headquarters for China Airlines . The CAL Park property consists of four buildings , including the head office building , the crew training center , the flight simulator training center , and the Novotel Taipei hotel . The four buildings are aligned in order from the shortest to the tallest ; the company says that the design is meant to evoke progress . The design of CAL Park was intended to evoke the concept of flight , and the colors used in the design include blue , gray , silver , and white . The nine story hotel , which opened in September 2009 , was scheduled to have 360 guest rooms . In September 2006 China Airlines established and invested $ 300,000,000 into the wholly owned Cal Park Co. , Ltd. ( Chinese Traditional : 華航園區股份有限公司 , Simplified : 华航园区股份有限公司 , Pinyin : Huáháng Yuánqū Gǔfěn Yǒuxiàngōngsī ) with the intention of building a new corporate headquarters . On January 31 , 2008 China Airlines began work on CAL Park . The groundbreaking ceremony was held on that day . Over 100 guests , including government officials , officers of the airport authority , vendors , executive representatives of China Airlines , and media personnel , attended the groundbreaking ceremony . The 4.5 billion New Taiwan dollar CAL Park was originally scheduled to open at the end of 2009 .
Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands .
China Aircraft Services Limited ( Chinese : 中國飛機服務有限公司 ) , better known as CASL ( Chinese : 中飛 ) , is a major provider of aircraft line and base maintenance , ground support equipment services , and cabin cleaning services at Hong Kong International Airport .
Hong Kong ( /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ ( listen ) ; Chinese : 香港 , Cantonese : [ hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China ( HKSAR ) , is a city and special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China . With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities [ d ] in a 1,104-square-kilometre ( 426 sq mi ) territory , Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world . Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842 . The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War , and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898 . The territory was returned to China in 1997 . As a special administrative region , Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country , two systems . Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages , the territory has become one of the world 's most significant financial centres and commercial ports . It is the world 's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer . As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade , and the currency , Hong Kong dollar , is the eighth most traded currency in the world . Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world . Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , there is severe income inequality among its residents . Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index .
China Airlines ( CAL ) ( Chinese : 中華航空 ; pinyin : Zhōnghuá Hángkōng ) is the national carrier of Taiwan ( officially the Republic of China , hence the China name ) , and one of its two major airlines along with EVA Air . It is headquartered in Taipei Taoyuan International Airport and operates over 1400 flights weekly ( including 91 pure cargo flights ) to 102 cities across Asia , Europe , North America , and Oceania . Carrying over 19 million passengers and 5700 tons of cargo in 2017 , the carrier was the 33rd and 10th largest airline in the world in terms of passenger revenue per kilometer
Mandarin Airlines ( traditional Chinese : 華信航空 ; simplified Chinese : 华信航空 ; pinyin : Huáxìn Hángkōng ) is a Taiwanese regional airline based in Taipei , Taiwan , whose parent company is China Airlines . The airline operates domestic and regional international flights , while its parent company focuses on international operations . Some charter services are also operated by the company . Its main hub is Taipei Songshan Airport with others at Taichung International Airport and Kaohsiung International Airport .
An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight . Airlines utilize aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements , in which they both offer and operate the same flight . Generally , airline companies are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body . Airlines may be scheduled or charter operators . The first airline was the German airship company DELAG , founded on 16 November 1909 . The four oldest non-airship airlines that still exist are the Netherlands ' KLM ( 1919 ) , Colombia 's Avianca ( 1919 ) , Australia 's Qantas ( 1921 ) and the Czech Republic 's Czech Airlines ( 1923 ) . Airline ownership has seen a shift from mostly personal ownership until the 1930s to government-ownership of major airlines from the 1940s to 1980s and back to large-scale privatisation following the mid-1980s . Since the 1980s , there has also been a trend of major airline mergers and the formation of airline alliances . The largest alliances are Star Alliance , SkyTeam and Oneworld , and these three collectively accounted for more than 60% of global commercial air traffic in 2015 . Airline alliances coordinate their passenger service programs ( such as lounges and frequent-flyer programs ) , offer special interline tickets and often engage in extensive codesharing ( sometimes systemwide ) . As of 2019 [ update ] , the largest airline by passengers carried and fleet size was the American Airlines Group , while Delta Air Lines was the largest by revenue . Lufthansa Group was the largest by number of employees , FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometres , Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by number of destinations served ( though United Airlines was the largest passenger airline by number of destinations served ) .
Taiwan Air Cargo Terminal Limited ( TACTL ; Chinese : 華儲股份有限公司 ) is the leading air cargo terminal operator in Taiwan . Located at the Taoyuan International Airport , it handles over 45% of Taoyuan International Airport 's air cargo throughput .
Taoyuan International Airport Services ( Abbreviation : TIAS ; Chinese : 桃園國際機場地勤服務公司 , commonly abbreviated 桃園航勤 ) , founded in 1979 , is currently the largest ground handling provider at Taoyuan International Airport , providing services for 30 scheduled airlines , out of 38 that served in Taoyuan International Airport . It is a subsidiary of China Airlines Group . TIAS provides ground handling services , which includes baggage handling , aircraft load control , aerobridge and passenger steps operation , loading and unloading of aircraft , and cargo and mail delivery , to airline customers . TIAS also provides passenger and flight handling services , which includes passenger check-in , ticketing , flight dispatch , and cargo documentation . TIAS provides handling for 30 airlines out of 38 that operates in Taoyuan International Airport . Therefore , the company had a market share of over 75% in handling services at Taoyuan International Airport .
In aviation , aircraft ground handling defines the servicing of an aircraft while it is on the ground and ( usually ) parked at a terminal gate of an airport .
Tigerair Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣虎航 ; pinyin : Táiwān Hǔháng ) is a low-cost carrier ( LCC ) based at Taoyuan International Airport . The airline has a fleet of ten aircraft as of March 2017 . It was formed as a joint venture between China Airlines Group and Budget Aviation Holdings . Prior to 2016 , China Airlines held 80 percent of the share while Budget Aviation Holdings and Mandarin Airlines each held 10 percent . In 2017 , as Tigerair Singapore merged into Scoot , CAPA reported that China Airlines had purchased Budget Aviation Holdings ' 10% stake , leaving China Airlines and its subsidiary Mandarin Airlines as joint owners of the airline .
A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline ( occasionally referred to as no-frills , budget or discount carrier , and abbreviated as LCC ) is an airline that is operated with an especially high emphasis on minimizing operating costs and without some of the traditional services and amenities provided in the fare , resulting in lower fares and fewer comforts . To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices , the airline may charge extra fees - such as for carry-on baggage . As of October 2019 , the world 's largest low-cost carrier is Southwest Airlines , which operates in the United States and some surrounding areas .