List of Eagle Scouts
Table:
Name

Eagle Scout

Awards

Notability

References

Patrick T. Caffery †

1950

Representative from Louisiana (1969–1973)

[67]

John Tyler Caldwell †

1926

Chancellor of North Carolina State University (1959–1975)

Template:DESA[68]

John F. Campbell

1975 c.

Army general; last commander of the International Security Assistance Force

[69]

William Durant Campbell †

1922

Founder of the World Scout Foundation, member of World Scout Committee

Template:DESA

Milton Caniff †

1923

Cartoonist for the Terry and the Pirates and Steve Canyon comic strips

Template:DESA[31]

James J. Carey

1955

Rear Admiral of the United States Navy

[70]

Russ Carnahan

1971

Representative from Missouri (2005–)

[8][71]

Gerald P. Carr

1947

Marine Corps colonel; astronaut who commanded Skylab 4

Template:DESA

Terrance Carroll

Former speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives (2009–2011)

[72]

Sonny Carter †

1962

Astronaut who flew on shuttle mission including STS-33; medical doctor; Navy officer; test pilot; professional soccer player

Template:DESA

Thomas Cech

1962

Chemist and 1989 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry

Template:DESA[73]

Roger B. Chaffee †

1951 c.

Navy lieutenant commander; pilot and astronaut; killed in the Apollo 1 training exercise

[9]

Kirk Chambers

1997

National Football League offensive tackle for the Cleveland Browns (2004–2005) and Buffalo Bills (2007–)

[74]

Gregory Chamitoff

1980

Astronaut who flew on missions STS-124, Expedition 17, Expedition 18, STS-126

[9]

Jake Chapman

2003 c.

Member of the Iowa Senate

[75]

Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr. †

1931

Air Force lieutenant colonel; fighter pilot with the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II; then flew over 100 missions during the Korean War

[76]

Kim B. Clark

1964

Dean of the Faculty at Harvard Business School (1995–2005); president of Brigham Young University–Idaho (2005–2015)

Template:DESA

Preston Cloud †

1929 c.

Earth scientist, biogeologist, cosmologist, and palaeontologist

[77]

Tom C. Clark †

1914

Associate justice of the Supreme Court (1949–1967)

Template:DESA

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Patrick Thomson Caffery , Sr. , known as Pat Caffery ( July 6 , 1932 - December 17 , 2013 ) , was an attorney from New Iberia , Louisiana , who formerly served as a Democrat in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1964 to 1968 and then as a U.S. representative from Louisiana 's 3rd congressional district from 1969 to 1973 .
John Tyler Caldwell ( December 19 , 1911 - October 13 , 1995 ) was an American educator who presided over three universities , including North Carolina State University .
North Carolina State University ( also referred to as NCSU , NC State , or just State ) is a public research university in Raleigh , North Carolina . It is part of the University of North Carolina system and is a land- , sea- , and space-grant institution . The university forms one of the corners of the Research Triangle together with Duke University in Durham and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The North Carolina General Assembly founded the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts , now NC State , on March 7 , 1887 , as a land-grant college . Today , NC State has an enrollment of more than 35,000 students , making it the largest university in the Carolinas and among the largest in the country . NC State has historical strengths in engineering , statistics , agriculture , life sciences , textiles and design and offers bachelor 's degrees in 106 fields of study . The graduate school offers master 's degrees in 104 fields , doctoral degrees in 61 fields , and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine .
John Francis Campbell ( born 1957 ) was the commander of the Resolute Support Mission and United States Forces - Afghanistan . He was the last commander of the International Security Assistance Force . Prior to this , he served as the 34th Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army . He is currently a member of the board of directors of IAP , and BAE Systems , and serves on the advisory board of Code of Support Foundation .
The International Security Assistance Force ( ISAF ) was a NATO-led military mission in Afghanistan , established by the United Nations Security Council in December 2001 by Resolution 1386 , as envisaged by the Bonn Agreement . Its main purpose was to train the Afghan National Security Forces ( ANSF ) and assist Afghanistan in rebuilding key government institutions , but was also engaged in the War in Afghanistan ( 2001-14 ) against the Taliban insurgency . ISAF was initially charged with securing Kabul and the surrounding areas from the Taliban , al Qaeda and factional warlords , to allow for the establishment of the Afghan Transitional Administration headed by Hamid Karzai . In October 2003 , the UN Security Council authorized the expansion of the ISAF mission throughout Afghanistan , and ISAF subsequently expanded the mission in four main stages over the whole of the country . From 2006 to 2011 , ISAF became increasingly involved in more intensive combat operations in southern and eastern Afghanistan . Troop contributors included the United States , United Kingdom , Canada , and other NATO member states as well as a number of other countries . The intensity of the combat faced by contributing nations varied greatly , with the United States sustaining the most casualties overall . In early 2010 , there were at least 700 military bases inside Afghanistan . About 400 of these were used by American - led NATO forces and 300 by the ANSF . ISAF ceased combat operations and was disbanded in December 2014 , with some troops remaining behind in an advisory role as part of ISAF 's successor organization , the Resolute Support Mission .
William Durant Bill Campbell ( March 18 , 1907 - October 20 , 1995 ) was a highly-decorated leader of the Scouting movement in the 1960s , 70s , and 80s . Campbell was born in Flint , Michigan , a grandson of William C. Durant , the founder of General Motors . He graduated from Princeton University in 1929 , and first went into banking . After a few years , he became a field associate of the American Museum of Natural History and led six of their African expeditions in the 1930s . In 1937 , he built Monte Carlo Ranch House in Kenya . During World War II , Campbell served in the U.S. Army as a battery commander . He retired as a major .
The World Scout Foundation ( WSF ) is an international non-profit institution based in Geneva , Switzerland funded in 1969 , but reorganized in the current form in 1977 . The stated mission of the organization is to develop World Scouting by the provision of financial and other support to help develop the World Scout Movement through the World Organization of the Scout Movement ( WOSM ) . The Honorary President is HM Carl XVI Gustaf , King of Sweden who actively participates in the activities of the foundation . The organisation is headed by Chairman Siegfried Wieser , and Director John Geoghegan . The WSF is permanently investing capital donations from individuals , foundations , corporations , governments , and from members of the Scout Movement . Nearly all of the earned profit from investments is donated to the WOSM . The Foundation also seeks non-capital donations to support specific World Scouting projects , such as the Gifts of Peace project .
The World Organization of the Scout Movement ( WOSM /ˈwʊzəm/ ) is the largest international Scouting organization . WOSM has 171 members . These members are recognized national Scout organizations , which collectively have over 50 million participants . WOSM was established in 1922 , and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva , Switzerland . It is the counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts ( WAGGGS ) . The WOSM 's current stated mission is to contribute to the education of young people , through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Scout Law , to help build a better world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society . WOSM is organized into regions and operates with a conference , committee and bureau . The WOSM is associated with three World Scout Centres . The World Scout Jamboree is held roughly every four years under the auspices of the WOSM , with members of WAGGGS also invited . WOSM also organises the World Scout Moot , a Jamboree for 17- to 26-year-olds , and has organised the World Scout Indaba , a gathering for Scout leaders . The World Scout Foundation is a perpetual fund governed by a separate Board of Governors and supported by donations for the development of WOSM associated Scouting programs throughout the world . WOSM is a non-governmental organization with General Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council ( ECOSOC ) .
Milton Arthur Paul Milt Caniff ( /kəˈnɪf/ ; February 28 , 1907 - April 3 , 1988 ) was an American cartoonist famous for the Terry and the Pirates and Steve Canyon comic strips .
Terry and the Pirates was an action-adventure comic strip created by cartoonist Milton Caniff , which originally ran from October 22 , 1934 to February 25 , 1973 . Captain Joseph Patterson , editor for the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate , had admired Caniff 's work on the children 's adventure strip Dickie Dare and hired him to create the new adventure strip , providing Caniff with the title and locale . The Dragon Lady leads the evil pirates ; conflict with the pirates was diminished in priority when World War II started . The strip was read by 31 million newspaper subscribers between 1934 and 1946 . In 1946 , Caniff won the first Cartoonist of the Year Award from the National Cartoonists Society for his work on Terry and the Pirates .
Steve Canyon was an American adventure comic strip by writer-artist Milton Caniff . Launched shortly after Caniff retired from his previous strip , Terry and the Pirates , Steve Canyon ran from January 13 , 1947 , until June 4 , 1988 , shortly after Caniff 's death . Caniff won the Reuben Award for the strip in 1971 .
James J. Carey ( born 9 April 1939 ) is a retired American Rear Admiral , United States Navy , born and raised in Berlin , Green Lake County , Wisconsin .
Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is regarded as a two star admiral rank , which are also referred to as flag officers or flag ranks . In many navies it is referred to as ( OF-7 ) / ( O-7 ) . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies ( e.g. , that of France ) , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral ( Commodore in other navies ) . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht ( lit . : supervisor during night ) , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral .
The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy .
John Russell Carnahan ( /ˈkɑːrnəhæn/ ; born July 10 , 1958 ) is an American politician from the state of Missouri . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the U.S. Representative for Missouri 's 3rd congressional district from 2005 to 2013 . At the time , the district included the southern third of the city of St. Louis ( known as South City ) and most of the southern St. Louis suburbs including most of Jefferson County and all of Ste . Genevieve County . Some cities located in the district include : Webster Groves , Mehlville , Affton , and Oakville , and the southern suburbs of Arnold , Herculaneum , Pevely , Crystal City , Barnhart , Imperial , and Festus , as well as Ste . Genevieve in the neighboring Ste . Genevieve County . Dramatic losses in population in St. Louis in the 2010 Census contributed to Missouri losing a Congressional seat effective 2013 . In the remapping of the state 's congressional districts , Carnahan 's district was dismantled . The bulk of the district , including Carnahan 's home , was drawn into Missouri 's 1st congressional district . The move placed Carnahan and William Lacy Clay , Jr. in the same district ; Carnahan lost the primary to Clay for the seat on August 7 , 2012 . After leaving office , Carnahan became a member of the ReFormers Caucus at Issue One .
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States . With over six million residents , it is the 18th-most populous state of the Union . The largest urban areas are St. Louis , Kansas City , Springfield and Columbia ; the capital is Jefferson City . The state is the 21st-most extensive in area . Missouri is bordered by eight states ( tied for the most with Tennessee ) : Iowa to the north , Illinois , Kentucky and Tennessee ( via the Mississippi River ) to the east , Arkansas to the south and Oklahoma , Kansas and Nebraska to the west . In the south are the Ozarks , a forested highland , providing timber , minerals and recreation . The Missouri River , after which the state is named , flows through the center of the state into the Mississippi River , which makes up Missouri 's eastern border . Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years . The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds , before declining in the 14th century . When European explorers arrived in the 17th century , they encountered the Osage and Missouria nations . The French established Louisiana , a part of New France , founding Ste . Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764 .
Gerald Paul Carr ( born August 22 , 1932 ) , ( Col , USMC , Ret . ) , is an American mechanical and aeronautical engineer , former United States Marine Corps officer , naval aviator , and former NASA astronaut . He was Commander of Skylab 4 , the third and final crewed visit to the Skylab Orbital Workshop , from November 16 , 1973 to February 8 , 1974 .
Skylab 4 ( also SL-4 and SLM-3 ) was the third crewed Skylab mission and placed the third and final crew aboard the first American space station . The mission started on November 16 , 1973 with the launch of three astronauts on a Apollo command and service module on a Saturn IB rocket from the Kennedy Space Center , Florida and lasted 84 days , one hour and 16 minutes . A total of 6,051 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by Skylab 4 astronauts performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities , solar observations , Earth resources , observation of the Comet Kohoutek and other experiments . The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2 , 3 , and 4 . Mis-communication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading Skylab I , Skylab II , and Skylab 3 respectively .
Terrance D. Carroll ( born January 16 , 1969 ) is an American lawyer , minister , former Colorado legislator and former Speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives , the first African American ever to hold that office in Colorado . Carroll was elected as a Democrat in 2002 and represented House District 7 which encompasses parts of Denver , Colorado .
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado . The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts , with each district having 75,000 people . Representatives are elected to two-year terms , and are limited to four consecutive terms in office but can run again after a two-year respite . The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol building in Denver .
Manley Lanier Sonny Carter Jr. , M.D . ( August 15 , 1947 - April 5 , 1991 ) , ( Capt , USN ) , was an American chemist , physician , professional soccer player , naval officer and aviator , test pilot , and NASA astronaut who flew on STS-33 .
STS-33 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission , during which Space Shuttle Discovery deployed a payload for the United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) . STS-33 was the 32nd shuttle mission overall , the ninth flight of Discovery , the fifth shuttle mission in support of the DoD and last Shuttle launch of the 1980s . Due to the nature of the mission , specific details remain classified . Discovery lifted off from Pad B , Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center ( KSC ) , Florida , on 22 November 1989 at 7:23 pm EST ; it landed at Edwards Air Force Base , California , on 28 November .
Thomas Robert Cech ( born December 8 , 1947 ) is an American chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Sidney Altman , for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA . Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA , suggesting that life might have started as RNA . He also studied telomeres , and his lab discovered an enzyme , TERT ( telomerase reverse transcriptase ) , which is part of the process of restoring telomeres after they are shortened during cell division . As president of Howard Hughes Medical Institute , he promoted science education , and he teaches an undergraduate chemistry course at the University of Colorado .
Roger Bruce Chaffee ( /ˈtʃæfiː/ , February 15 , 1935 - January 27 , 1967 ) was an American naval officer and aviator , aeronautical engineer , and NASA astronaut in the Apollo program . Chaffee was born in Grand Rapids , Michigan , where he became an Eagle Scout . He graduated from Central High School in 1953 , and accepted a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NROTC ) scholarship . He began his college education at Illinois Institute of Technology , where he was involved in the fraternity Phi Kappa Sigma . He transferred to Purdue University in 1954 , continuing his involvement in Phi Kappa Sigma and obtaining his private pilot 's license . After graduating from Purdue in 1957 , Chaffee completed his Navy training and was commissioned as an ensign . He began pilot training at Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida , flying aircraft such as the T-34 , T-28 , and A3D . He became quality and safety control officer for Heavy Photographic Squadron 62 ( VAP-62 ) . His time in this unit included taking crucial photos of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis , earning him the Air Medal . He was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1966 . Along with thirteen other pilots , Chaffee was selected to be an astronaut as part of NASA Astronaut Group 3 in 1963 . He served as capsule communicator ( CAPCOM ) for the Gemini 3 and Gemini 4 missions and received his first spaceflight assignment in 1966 as the third-ranking pilot on Apollo 1 .
Apollo 1 , initially designated AS-204 , was the first crewed mission of the United States Apollo program , the undertaking to land the first men on the Moon . Planned as the first low Earth orbital test of the Apollo command and service module , to launch on February 21 , 1967 , the mission never flew ; a cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station Launch Complex 34 on January 27 killed all three crew members - Command Pilot Virgil I. Gus Grissom , Senior Pilot Ed White , and Pilot Roger B. Chaffee - and destroyed the command module ( CM ) . The name Apollo 1 , chosen by the crew , was made official by NASA in their honor after the fire . Immediately after the fire , NASA convened the Apollo 204 Accident Review Board to determine the cause of the fire , and both houses of the United States Congress conducted their own committee inquiries to oversee NASA 's investigation . The ignition source of the fire was determined to be electrical , and the fire spread rapidly due to combustible nylon material , and the high pressure , pure oxygen cabin atmosphere . Rescue was prevented by the plug door hatch , which could not be opened against the internal pressure of the cabin . Because the rocket was unfueled , the test had not been considered hazardous , and emergency preparedness for it was poor . During the Congressional investigation , Senator Walter Mondale publicly revealed a NASA internal document citing problems with prime Apollo contractor North American Aviation , which became known as the Phillips Report . This disclosure embarrassed NASA Administrator James E. Webb , who was unaware of the document 's existence , and attracted controversy to the Apollo program . Despite congressional displeasure at NASA 's lack of openness , both congressional committees ruled that the issues raised in the report had no bearing on the accident . Manned Apollo flights were suspended for 20 months while the command module 's hazards were addressed . However , the development and uncrewed testing of the lunar module ( LM ) and Saturn V rocket continued .
Kirk Chambers ( born March 19 , 1979 ) is a former American football offensive tackle . He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the sixth round ( 176th overall ) of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Stanford . He was also a member of the Buffalo Bills , Cincinnati Bengals , Detroit Lions and Atlanta Falcons . Now he is a teacher at Provo High School located in Provo , Utah .
The National Football League ( NFL ) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams , divided equally between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The NFL is one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America and the highest professional level of American football in the world . The NFL 's 17-week regular season runs from early September to late December , with each team playing 16 games and having one bye week . Following the conclusion of the regular season , six teams from each conference ( four division winners and two wild card teams ) advance to the playoffs , a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl , which is usually held on the first Sunday in February and is played between the champions of the NFC and AFC . The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season . After initially determining champions through end-of-season standings , a playoff system was implemented in 1933 that culminated with the NFL Championship Game until 1966 . Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the American Football League ( AFL ) , the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 . Today , the NFL has the highest average attendance ( 67,591 ) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States . The Super Bowl is also among the biggest club sporting events in the world , with the individual games accounting for many of the most watched television programs in American history and all occupying the Nielsen 's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015 . The Green Bay Packers hold the most combined NFL championships with 13 , winning nine titles before the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowls afterwards . Since the creation of the Super Bowl , the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots both have the most championship titles at six .
The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland . Named after original coach and co-founder Paul Brown , they compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . The Browns play their home games at FirstEnergy Stadium , which opened in 1999 , with administrative offices and training facilities in Berea , Ohio . The Browns ' official club colors are brown , orange , and white . They are unique among the 32 member franchises of the NFL in that they do not have a logo on their helmets . The franchise was founded in 1945 by Brown and businessman Arthur B. McBride as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) . The Browns dominated the AAFC , compiling a 47-4-3 record in the league 's four seasons and winning its championship in each . When the AAFC folded after the 1949 season , the Browns joined the NFL along with the San Francisco 49ers and the original Baltimore Colts . The team won a championship in their inaugural NFL season , as well as in the 1954 , 1955 , and 1964 seasons , and in a feat unequaled in any of the North American major professional sports , played in their league championship game in each of the Browns ' first ten years of existence . From 1965 to 1995 , they qualified to play in the NFL playoffs 14 times , but did not win another championship or play in the Super Bowl during that period . In 1995 , owner Art Modell , who had purchased the Browns in 1961 , announced plans to move the team to Baltimore . After threats of legal action from the city of Cleveland and fans , a compromise was reached in early 1996 that allowed Modell to establish the Baltimore Ravens as a new franchise while retaining the contracts of all Browns personnel .
The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area . The Bills compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) , as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team plays their home games at New Era Field in Orchard Park , New York . The Bills are the only NFL team that plays its home games in the state of New York . The Bills conduct summer training camp at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford , New York , an eastern suburb of Rochester . The Bills began play as an original franchise of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 . The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL-NFL merger for the 1970 season . The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships ( back-to-back American Football League Championships ) . The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games . The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team 's founding in 1960 , until his death in 2014 at the age of 95 . After his death , Wilson 's estate reached an agreement to sell the team to Terry and Kim Pegula , which was approved by the other NFL team owners on October 8 , 2014 . The Bills formerly possessed the longest active playoff drought in any of the four major professional sports in North America : they did not qualify to play in the NFL playoffs from 1999 until 2017 and were the last NFL team ( and last team in the major North American professional sports leagues overall ) to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in the 21st century .
Gregory Errol Chamitoff [ pronunciation ? ] ( born 6 August 1962 in Montreal , Quebec , Canada ) is an engineer and former NASA astronaut . He has been to space twice , spending 6 months aboard the ISS across Expedition 17 and 18 in 2008 , and another 15 days as part of STS-134 in 2011 . STS-134 was the last of Space Shuttle Endeavour which delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and completed the US Orbital Segment . In 2008 , Chamitoff voted from outer space ; he also conducted a live-from-space satelite chat with students attending school in London .
STS-124 was a Space Shuttle mission , flown by Space Shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station . Discovery launched on 31 May 2008 at 17:02 EDT , moved from an earlier scheduled launch date of 25 May 2008 , and landed safely at the Kennedy Space Center 's Shuttle Landing Facility , at 11:15 EDT on 14 June 2008 . Its objective was to deliver the largest module of the space station - the Japanese Experiment Module pressurized section . The mission is also referred to as ISS-1J by the ISS program .
Expedition 17 was the 17th expedition to the International Space Station ( ISS ) . The first two crew members , Sergey Volkov , and Oleg Kononenko were launched on 8 April 2008 , aboard the Soyuz TMA-12 . Once aboard the station , they joined Garrett Reisman , who transferred from Expedition 16 to join the Expedition 17 crew . Reisman was replaced by Gregory Chamitoff , who launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery mission STS-124 on 31 May 2008 . Volkov and Kononenko landed safely on 24 October 2008 , while Chamitoff remained aboard the station as an Expedition 18 crewmember .
Expedition 18 was the 18th permanent crew of the International Space Station ( ISS ) . The first two crew members , Michael Fincke , and Yuri Lonchakov were launched on 12 October 2008 , aboard Soyuz TMA-13 . With them was astronaut Sandra Magnus , who joined the Expedition 18 crew after launching on STS-126 and remained until departing on STS-119 on 25 March 2009 . She was replaced by JAXA astronaut Koichi Wakata , who arrived at the ISS on STS-119 on 17 March 2009 . Gregory Chamitoff , who joined Expedition 18 after Expedition 17 left the station , ended his stay aboard ISS and returned to Earth with the STS-126 crew .
STS-126 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . The purpose of the mission , referred to as ULF2 by the ISS program , was to deliver equipment and supplies to the station , to service the Solar Alpha Rotary Joints ( SARJ ) , and repair the problem in the starboard SARJ that had limited its use since STS-120 . STS-126 launched on 14 November 2008 at 19:55:39 pm EST from Launch Pad 39A at NASA 's Kennedy Space Center with no delays or issues . Endeavour successfully docked with the station on 16 November . After spending 11 days , 16 hours , and 46 minutes docked to the station , during which the crew performed four spacewalks , and transferred cargo , the orbiter undocked on 28 November 2008 . Due to poor weather at Kennedy Space Center , Endeavour landed at Edwards Air Force Base on 30 November 2008 at 21:25 UTC ( 13:25 PST ) .
Jake Chapman ( born 1985 ) is the Iowa State Senator from the 10th District . A Republican , he has served in the Iowa Senate since being elected in 2012 to a seat that had no incumbent due to redistricting . At the age of 28 , Chapman won the election and served as the youngest State Senator in the 85th General Assembly .
The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly , United States . There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate , representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 60,927 per constituency , as of the 2010 United States Census [ update ] . Each Senate district is composed of two House districts . The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines . Unlike the lower house , the Iowa House of Representatives , Senators serve four-year terms , with half of the Senate staggered for re-election every two years . There are no term limits for the Senate .
Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr. ( August 27 , 1915 - May 10 , 2005 ) was one of the Tuskegee Airmen and a career officer in the United States Air Force . Cheatham was born in Georgia , United States ; his father was an Episcopal missionary whose work took the family to Africa and Europe . While living in New York City , he became a Boy Scout and by 1930 he had completed the requirements for Eagle Scout . Unable to afford a full uniform , he never appeared before his board of review . Cheatham was a fighter pilot with the 332nd Fighter Group - better known as the Tuskegee Airmen - during World War II . He flew 150 missions during the Korean War . He achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel and retired in 1977 . He then worked as a personnel and equal-opportunity officer for the Air Force , serving in Japan , Montana and San Bernardino , California . In 2001 , Cheatham attended a Veterans Day event where he expressed his regret at not earning Eagle Scout to one of the organizers who happened to be an Eagle Scout . Executives from International Profit Associates petitioned the National Council of the BSA to award Cheatham 's Eagle Scout . Unable to locate records , the Scouts tested Cheatham and performed an exhaustive board of review according to the requirements of 1930 . On September 18 , 2004 Cheatham was awarded his Eagle Scout in a ceremony at the San Diego Air & Space Museum .
The Tuskegee Airmen /tʌsˈkiːɡiː/ were a group of African-American military pilots ( fighter and bomber ) who fought in World War II . They formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces . The name also applies to the navigators , bombardiers , mechanics , instructors , crew chiefs , nurses , cooks and other support personnel . All black military pilots who trained in the United States trained at Moton Field , the Tuskegee Army Air Field and were educated at Tuskegee University , located near Tuskegee , Alabama . The group included five Haitians from the Haitian Air Force , and one pilot from Trinidad . It also included a Hispanic or Latino airman born in the Dominican Republic . Although the 477th Bombardment Group trained with North American B-25 Mitchell bombers , they never served in combat . The 99th Pursuit Squadron ( later , 99th Fighter Squadron ) was the first black flying squadron , and the first to deploy overseas ( to North Africa in April 1943 , and later to Sicily and Italy ) . The 332nd Fighter Group , which originally included the 100th , 301st and 302nd Fighter Squadrons , was the first black flying group . It deployed to Italy in early 1944 . In June 1944 , the 332nd Fighter Group began flying heavy bomber escort missions and , in July 1944 , with the addition of the 99th Fighter Squadron , it had four fighter squadrons . The 99th Fighter Squadron was initially equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter-bomber aircraft .
The Korean War ( in South Korean Korean : 한국전쟁 ; Hanja : 韓國戰爭 ; RR : Hanguk Jeonjaeng , Korean War ; in North Korean Korean : 조국해방전쟁 ; Hanja : 祖國解放戰爭 ; MR : Choguk haebang chŏnjaeng , Fatherland Liberation War ; 25 June 1950 - 27 July 1953 ) [ b ] was a war between North Korea ( with the support of China and the Soviet Union ) and South Korea ( with the support of the United Nations , principally from the United States ) . The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea . At the end of World War II , the Soviet Union and the United States liberated Korea from imperial Japanese colonial control on 15 August 1945 . After the war had ended , Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into two zones of occupation , the Soviets administered the northern half and the Americans administered the southern half . With the border set at the 38th parallel in 1948 , two sovereign states were established as a result of geopolitical tensions of the Cold War ( between the Soviet Union and the United States ) . A socialist state was established in the north under the communist leadership of Kim Il-sung and a capitalist state in the south under the anti-communist leadership of Syngman Rhee . Both governments of the two new Korean states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea , and neither accepted the border as permanent . The conflict escalated into warfare when North Korean military ( KPA ) forces - supported by the Soviet Union and China - crossed the border and advanced into South Korea on 25 June 1950 . The United Nations Security Council authorized the formation of the United Nations Command and the dispatch of forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion . Twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force , with the United States providing around 90% of the military personnel . After the first two months of war , South Korean Army ( ROKA ) and the US forces rapidly dispatched to Korea were on the point of defeat . As a result , the ROKA and US troops retreated to a small area behind a defensive line known as the Pusan Perimeter .
Kim Bryce Clark ( born March 20 , 1949 ) is an American scholar , educator , and religious leader who has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) since April 2015 , and the church 's seventeenth Commissioner of Church Education since August 2015 . He served previously as the 15th president of Brigham Young University-Idaho from 2005 to 2015 , and as the dean of the Harvard Business School ( HBS ) from 1995 to 2005 , where he was also the George F. Baker Professor of Business Administration .
Harvard Business School ( HBS ) is the graduate business school of Harvard University . Located in Boston , Massachusetts , it is consistently ranked among the top business schools in the world , and offers a large full-time MBA program , management-related doctoral programs , and many executive education programs . It owns Harvard Business Publishing , which publishes business books , leadership articles , online management tools for corporate learning , case studies , and the monthly Harvard Business Review . It is also home to the Baker Library/Bloomberg Center .
Brigham Young University-Idaho ( BYU-Idaho or BYU-I ) is a private university located in Rexburg , Idaho . Founded in 1888 , the university is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , transitioned from a junior college to a four-year institution in 2001 , and was known for the greater part of its history as Ricks College . BYU-Idaho offers programs in liberal arts including the sciences , engineering , agriculture , management , and performing arts . The university is broadly organized into thirty-three departments within six colleges , and its parent organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , sponsors sister schools in Utah and Hawaii . The university 's focus is on undergraduate education , hosting 26 certificate , 20 associate and over 87 bachelor 's degree programs , and it operates using a three-semester system also known as tracks . Students at BYU-Idaho are required to follow an honor code , which mandates behavior in line with Latter-day Saint teachings ( e.g. , academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex , and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol ) . Approximately 99 percent of the university 's students are members of the LDS Church , and a significant percentage of the student body take an 18- ( women ) or 24-month ( men ) hiatus from their studies to serve as missionaries . Tuition rates are generally lower than those at similar universities , due largely to funding provided by the church from tithing donations .
Preston Ercelle Cloud , Jr. ( September 26 , 1912 - January 16 , 1991 ) was an eminent American earth scientist , biogeologist , cosmologist , and paleontologist . He served in the United States Navy ( in which he was a bantamweight boxing champion ) , and led several field explorations of the U.S. Geological Survey . In academia , he was a member of the faculty of Harvard University , University of Minnesota , University of California , Los Angeles , and lastly University of California , Santa Barbara . He was best known for his work on the geologic time scale and the origin of life on Earth , and as a pioneering ecologist and environmentalist . He was credited with coining the term biogeology . His works on the significance of Cambrian fossils in the 1940s led to the development of the concept Cambrian explosion , for which he coined the phrase eruptive evolution .
Thomas Campbell Clark ( September 23 , 1899 - June 13 , 1977 ) was an American lawyer who served as the 59th United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949 . He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967 . Born in Dallas , Texas , Clark graduated from the University of Texas School of Law after serving in World War I . He practiced law in Dallas until 1937 , when he accepted a position in the United States Department of Justice . After Harry S. Truman became President of the United States in 1945 , he chose Clark as his Attorney General . In 1949 , Truman successfully nominated Clark to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by the death of Associate Justice Frank Murphy . Clark remained on the court until his retirement in 1967 , and was succeeded by Thurgood Marshall . Clark retired so that his son , Ramsey Clark , could assume the position of Attorney General . Clark served on the Vinson Court and the Warren Court . He voted with the Court 's majority in the several cases concerning racial segregation , including the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education . He wrote the majority opinion in landmark Mapp v. Ohio , which ruled that the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment . He also wrote the majority opinion in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States , which upheld the public accommodations provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , and the majority opinions in Garner v. Board of Public Works , Joseph Burstyn , Inc. v. Wilson , and Abington School District v. Schempp .
William Thad Cochran ( /ˈkɒkrən/ ; December 7 , 1937 - May 30 , 2019 ) was an American attorney and politician who served as a United States Senator for Mississippi from 1978 to 2018 . A Republican , he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1973 to 1978 . Born in Pontotoc , Mississippi , Cochran graduated from the University of Mississippi . He served in the United States Navy as an ensign ( 1959-1961 ) before graduating from the University of Mississippi School of Law . After practicing law for several years in Jackson , Mississippi , he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1972 . He served three terms in the House representing Jackson and portions of southwest Mississippi . Cochran won a three-way race for U.S. Senate in 1978 , becoming the first Republican to represent Mississippi in the Senate since Reconstruction . He was subsequently reelected to six additional terms by wide margins . He was chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee from 2005 to 2007 and again from 2015 to 2018 . He also chaired the Senate Agriculture Committee from 2003 to 2005 . With over 45 years of combined House and Senate service , Cochran is the second longest-served member of Congress ever from Mississippi , only after former Democratic Congressman Jamie L. Whitten .
Mississippi ( /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/ ( listen ) ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States . Mississippi is bordered to the north by Tennessee , to the east by Alabama , to the south by the Gulf of Mexico , to the southwest by Louisiana , and to the northwest by Arkansas . Mississippi 's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River . Jackson is both the state 's capital and largest city . Greater Jackson , with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States . On December 10 , 1817 , Mississippi became the 20th state admitted to the Union . By 1860 , Mississippi was the nation 's top cotton producing state and enslaved persons accounted for 55% of the state population . Mississippi declared its secession from the Union on March 23 , 1861 , and was one of the seven original Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was restored to the Union on February 23 , 1870 . Until the Great Migration of the 1930s , African Americans were a majority of Mississippi 's population . Mississippi was the site of many prominent events during the American Civil Rights movement , including the 1962 Ole Miss riots , the 1963 assassination of Medgar Evers , and the 1964 Freedom Summer murders .