List of public art in the London Borough of Camden
Bloomsbury
Table:
Title / individual commemorated	Location	Date	Sculptor

George I	At the top of the spire of St. George 's Church , Bloomsbury	1730

Lions and unicorns fighting for the crown	On the spire of St. George 's Church , Bloomsbury	2006

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( Wife of George III )	Queen Square	1775

Francis Russell , 5th Duke of Bedford	Russell Square	1809	Sir Richard Westmacott

Charles James Fox	Bloomsbury Square	1816	Sir Richard Westmacott

John Cartwright	Cartwright Gardens	1831	George Clarke

The Progress of Civilisation	Tympanum of the British Museum	1851 ( installed )	Sir Richard Westmacott

Euterpe the Muse	St George 's Gardens	1898

Lions	King Edward VII Galleries , British Museum , Montague Place	1909	Sir George Frampton

Statue of Joseph Priestley	30 Russell Square ( formerly the Institute of Chemistry )	1914	Gilbert Bayes

Dame Louisa Aldrich-Blake	Tavistock Square	1926	Arthur George Walker

Memorial to Richard Trevithick	Gower Street	1933	Leonard Stanford Merrifield

Bust of Frederick Craufurd Goodenough	London House ( Goodenough College ) , Mecklenburgh Square	1936	William McMillan

The Spirit of Trade Unionism	Trades Union Congress Building , Great Russell Street	1958	Bernard Meadows

Bust and statue of Thomas Coram	Outside the Foundling Museum , Brunswick Square	1963	William McMillan

Mahatma Gandhi	Tavistock Square	1968	Fredda Brilliant

Beneath the Skin	Outside BUPA House , Bloomsbury Way	1991	Peter Randall-Page

Conscientious Objectors ' Memorial	Tavistock Square	1994

Sam Memorial for Patricia Penn	Queen Square , London	1997

The Green Man , inspired by Virginia Woolf 's The Waves	Woburn Square	1999	Lydia Kapinska

Based on the given table and the context paragraphs listed below.

Respond to the question below: What date was the commemoration of the English naval officer and Nottinghamshire militia major installed ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

George I ( George Louis ; German : Georg Ludwig ; 28 May 1660 - 11 June 1727 ) [ a ] was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( Hanover ) in the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727 . He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover . Born in Hanover to its Elector Ernest Augustus and Electress Sophia , George inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles . A succession of European wars expanded his German domains during his lifetime ; he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover in 1708 . After the deaths in 1714 of his mother and his second cousin Anne , Queen of Great Britain ( r. 1702-1714 ) , George ascended the British throne as Anne 's closest living Protestant relative under the Act of Settlement 1701 . Jacobites attempted , but failed , to depose George and replace him with James Francis Edward Stuart , Anne 's Catholic half-brother . During George 's reign , the powers of the monarchy diminished and Britain began a transition to the modern system of cabinet government led by a prime minister . Towards the end of his reign , actual political power was held by Robert Walpole , now recognised as Britain 's first de facto prime minister . George died of a stroke on a trip to his native Hanover , where he was buried . He is the most recent British monarch to be buried outside the United Kingdom .
St George 's , Bloomsbury , is a parish church in Bloomsbury , London Borough of Camden , United Kingdom . It was designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and consecrated in 1730 . The church crypt houses the Museum of Comedy .
The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom , or the Royal Arms for short , is the official coat of arms of the British monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II . These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom . Variants of the Royal Arms are used by other members of the British royal family , by the British Government in connection with the administration and government of the country , and some courts and legislatures in a number of Commonwealth realms . In Scotland , there exists a separate version of the Royal Arms , a variant of which is used by the Scotland Office and the Judiciary . The arms in banner form serve as basis for the monarch 's official flag , known as the Royal Standard . In the standard variant used outside of Scotland , the shield is quartered , depicting in the first and fourth quarters the three passant guardant lions of England ; in the second , the rampant lion and double tressure flory-counterflory of Scotland ; and in the third , a harp for Ireland . The crest is a statant guardant lion wearing the St Edward 's Crown , himself on another representation of that crown . The dexter supporter is a likewise crowned English lion ; the sinister , a Scottish unicorn . According to legend a free unicorn was considered a very dangerous beast ; therefore the heraldic unicorn is chained , as were both supporting unicorns in the royal coat of arms of Scotland . In the greenery below , a thistle , Tudor rose and shamrock are depicted , representing Scotland , England and Ireland respectively . This armorial achievement comprises the motto , in French , of English monarchs , Dieu et mon Droit ( God and my Right ) , which has descended to the present royal family as well as the Garter circlet which surrounds the shield , inscribed with the Order 's motto , in French , Honi soit qui mal y pense ( Shame on him who thinks evil ) . The official blazon of the Royal Arms is :
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( Sophia Charlotte ; 19 May 1744 - 17 November 1818 ) was the wife of King George III . She was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from her wedding in 1761 until the union of the two kingdoms in 1801 , after which she was queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1818 . She was also the Electress consort of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire until the promotion of her husband to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814 , after which she was also queen consort of Hanover . Charlotte was a patron of the arts and an amateur botanist who helped expand Kew Gardens . She was distressed by her husband 's bouts of physical and mental illness , which became permanent in later life and resulted in their eldest son George 's appointment as Prince Regent in 1811 . George III and Charlotte had 15 children in total , 13 of whom survived to adulthood . They included two future British monarchs , George IV and William IV ; Charlotte , Queen of Württemberg ; Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn , the father of Queen Victoria ; and Ernest Augustus , King of Hanover .
George III ( George William Frederick ; 4 June 1738 [ c ] - 29 January 1820 ) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801 , after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820 . He was concurrently Duke and Prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( Hanover ) in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814 . He was a monarch of the House of Hanover , but unlike his two predecessors , he was born in Great Britain , spoke English as his first language , and never visited Hanover . George 's life and reign , which were longer than those of any of his predecessors , were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms , much of the rest of Europe , and places farther afield in Africa , the Americas , and Asia . Early in his reign , Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years ' War , becoming the dominant European power in North America and India . However , many of Britain 's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence . Further wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793 concluded in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 . In the later part of his life , George had recurrent , and eventually permanent , mental illness . Although it has since been suggested that he had bipolar disorder or the blood disease porphyria , the cause of his illness remains unknown . After a final relapse in 1810 , a regency was established . His eldest son , George , Prince of Wales , ruled as Prince Regent until his father 's death , when he succeeded as George IV . Historical analysis of George III 's life has gone through a kaleidoscope of changing views that have depended heavily on the prejudices of his biographers and the sources available to them .
Francis Russell , 5th Duke of Bedford ( 23 July 1765 - 2 March 1802 ) was an English aristocrat and Whig politician , responsible for much of the development of central Bloomsbury .
Russell Square is a large garden square in Bloomsbury , in the London Borough of Camden , built predominantly by James Burton . It is near the University of London 's main buildings and the British Museum . To the north is Woburn Place , and to the south-east is Southampton Row . Russell Square tube station is nearby to the north-east . It is named after the surname of the Earls and Dukes of Bedford ; the freehold remains with the Bedford Estate , though the square is managed by Camden Council . The gardens are Grade II-listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens . In 2005 , two terrorist bombings occurred near the square . One of the bombings was on a London Underground train between King 's Cross St Pancras tube station and Russell Square tube station , and another was on a bus on Tavistock Square , near Russell Square . To commemorate the victims , flowers were laid at the square . In 2016 the Russell Square stabbing took place .
Sir Richard Westmacott RA ( 15 July 1775 - 1 September 1856 ) was a British sculptor .
Charles James Fox ( 24 January 1749 - 13 September 1806 ) , styled The Honourable from 1762 , was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries . He was the arch-rival of the Tory politician William Pitt the Younger . His father Henry Fox , 1st Baron Holland , a leading Whig of his day , had similarly been the great rival of Pitt 's famous father William Pitt , 1st Earl of Chatham ( Pitt the Elder ) . Fox rose to prominence in the House of Commons as a forceful and eloquent speaker with a notorious and colourful private life , though his opinions were rather conservative and conventional . However , with the coming of the American War of Independence and the influence of the Whig Edmund Burke , Fox 's opinions evolved into some of the most radical ever to be aired in the Parliament of his era . Fox became a prominent and staunch opponent of George III , whom he regarded as an aspiring tyrant ; he supported the American Patriots , even dressing in the colours of George Washington 's army . Briefly serving as Britain 's first Foreign Secretary in the ministry of the Marquess of Rockingham in 1782 , he returned to the post in a coalition government with his old enemy Lord North in 1783 . However , the King forced Fox and North out of government before the end of the year , replacing them with the twenty-four-year-old Pitt the Younger , and Fox spent the following twenty-two years facing Pitt and the government benches from across the Commons . Though Fox had little interest in the actual exercise of power and spent almost the entirety of his political career in opposition , he became noted as an anti-slavery campaigner , a supporter of the French Revolution , and a leading parliamentary advocate of religious tolerance and individual liberty . His friendship with his mentor Burke and his parliamentary credibility were both casualties of Fox 's support for France during the Revolutionary Wars , but he went on to attack Pitt 's wartime legislation and to defend the liberty of religious minorities and political radicals . After Pitt 's death in January 1806 , Fox served briefly as Foreign Secretary in the 'Ministry of All the Talents ' of William Grenville , before he died on 13 September 1806 , aged 57 .
Bloomsbury Square is a garden square in Holborn , Camden , London . Developed in the late 17th century , it was initially known as Southampton Square and was one of the earliest London squares . By the early 19th century , Bedford House along the north of the square had been demolished and replaced with terraced housing designed by James Burton .
John Cartwright ( 17 September 1740 - 23 September 1824 ) was an English naval officer , Nottinghamshire militia major and prominent campaigner for parliamentary reform . He subsequently became known as the Father of Reform . His younger brother Edmund Cartwright became famous as the inventor of the power loom .
The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .
Euterpe ( /juːˈtɜːrpiː/ ; Greek : Eὐτέρπη , Ancient Greek : [ eu̯térpɛː ] ; rejoicing well or delight from Ancient Greek εὖ 'well ' + τέρπειν terpein 'to please ' ) was one of the Muses in Greek mythology , presiding over music . In late Classical times , she was named muse of lyric poetry . She has been called Giver of delight by ancient poets .
In ancient Greek religion and mythology , the Muses ( Ancient Greek : Μοῦσαι , Moũsai , Modern Greek : Μούσες ) are the inspirational goddesses of literature , science , and the arts . They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry , lyric songs , and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek culture . In current English usage , muse can refer in general to anyone or anything which inspires an artist , musician , or writer .
Sir George James Frampton , RA ( 18 June 1860 - 21 May 1928 ) was a notable British sculptor and leading member of the New Sculpture movement .
Joseph Priestley FRS ( /ˈpriːstli/ ; 24 March [ O.S . 13 March ] 1733 - 6 February 1804 ) was an 18th-century English Separatist theologian , natural philosopher , chemist , innovative grammarian , multi-subject educator , and liberal political theorist who published over 150 works . He has historically been credited with the discovery of oxygen , having isolated it in its gaseous state , although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier also have strong claims to the discovery . During his lifetime , Priestley 's considerable scientific reputation rested on his invention of carbonated water , his writings on electricity , and his discovery of several airs ( gases ) , the most famous being what Priestley dubbed dephlogisticated air ( oxygen ) . However , Priestley 's determination to defend phlogiston theory and to reject what would become the chemical revolution eventually left him isolated within the scientific community . Priestley 's science was integral to his theology , and he consistently tried to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism . In his metaphysical texts , Priestley attempted to combine theism , materialism , and determinism , a project that has been called audacious and original . He believed that a proper understanding of the natural world would promote human progress and eventually bring about the Christian millennium . Priestley , who strongly believed in the free and open exchange of ideas , advocated toleration and equal rights for religious Dissenters , which also led him to help found Unitarianism in England . The controversial nature of Priestley 's publications , combined with his outspoken support of the French Revolution , aroused public and governmental suspicion ; he was eventually forced to flee in 1791 , first to London and then to the United States , after a mob burned down his Birmingham home and church . He spent his last ten years in Northumberland County , Pennsylvania . A scholar and teacher throughout his life , Priestley also made significant contributions to pedagogy , including the publication of a seminal work on English grammar and books on history , and he prepared some of the most influential early timelines .
The Royal Institute of Chemistry was a British scientific organisation .
Gilbert William Bayes ( 4 April 1872 - 10 July 1953 ) was an English sculptor .
Dame Louisa Brandreth Aldrich-Blake DBE ( 15 August 1865 - 28 December 1925 ) was a pioneering surgeon and one of the first British women to enter the world of modern medicine . Born in Chingford , then a village in Essex , she was the eldest daughter of a curate . Louisa Aldrich-Blake graduated in medicine from the Royal Free Hospital in 1893 . She obtained her Master of Surgery degree and was a lead surgeon by 1910 . Louisa volunteered for military medical service during the First World War . She was one of the first people to perform surgery on rectal and cervical cancers . In recognition of her commitment and achievements a statue was erected in Tavistock Square , London . This statue 's position is close to her alma mater .
Arthur George Walker RA ( 20 October 1861 - 13 September 1939 ) was an English sculptor and painter . Among his best-known works are several war memorials and the statue of Florence Nightingale in Waterloo Place , London .
Richard Trevithick ( 13 April 1771 - 22 April 1833 ) was a British inventor and mining engineer from Cornwall , England , UK . The son of a mining captain , and born in the mining heartland of Cornwall , Trevithick was immersed in mining and engineering from an early age . He performed poorly in school , but went on to be an early pioneer of steam-powered road and rail transport . His most significant contribution was the development of the first high-pressure steam engine . He also built the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive . The world 's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place on 21 February 1804 , when Trevithick 's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway of the Penydarren Ironworks , in Merthyr Tydfil , Wales . Turning his interests abroad , Trevithick also worked as a mining consultant in Peru and later explored parts of Costa Rica . Throughout his professional career , he went through many ups and downs , and at one point faced financial ruin , also suffering from the strong rivalry of many mining and steam engineers of the day . During the prime of his career , he was a well-respected and known figure in mining and engineering , but near the end of his life he fell out of the public eye .
Gower Street is a one-way street in Bloomsbury , central London , running from Euston Road at the north to Montague Place in the south . The street is continued from North Gower Street north of the Euston Road . To the south it becomes Bloomsbury Street . University College London ( UCL ) and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art are located along Gower Street as is part of University College Hospital . UCL maintains two student residences along the street : the Arthur Tattersall and John Tovell Houses . Of the many UCL buildings along Gower Street , the Cruciform Building is especially notable , both for its striking red exterior and its obvious form , even when viewed from the road . Old boys of University College School are known as Old Gowers after the street where it founded and co-located with UCL . Euston Square Underground station is located at the north end of Gower Street , at the corner of Euston Road .
Goodenough College is a postgraduate residence and educational trust in Mecklenburgh Square in Bloomsbury , central London , England . Other names under which the college has been known are London House , William Goodenough House , and the London Goodenough Trust .
Mecklenburgh Square is a Grade II listed square in Bloomsbury , London . The Square and its garden were part of the Foundling Estate , a residential development of 1792-1825 on fields surrounding and owned by the Foundling Hospital . The Square was named in honour of King George IIIs Queen , Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . It was begun in 1804 , but was not completed until 1825 . It is notable for the number of historic terraced houses that face directly onto the square and the Mecklenburgh Square Garden . Access to the garden is only permitted to resident keyholders , except when it is open to all visitors for Open Garden Squares Weekend . The garden was laid out between 1809 and 1810 as the centrepiece of the newly developed Mecklenburgh Square ; buildings on the eastern side were designed by architect Joseph Kay . The 2 acres ( 8,100 m2 ) garden is made up of formal lawns , gravel paths , mature plane trees and other ornamental trees . It contains a children 's playground , and a tennis court . The east side of the garden is planted with plants native to New Zealand . To the west is Coram 's Fields , and to the east is Gray 's Inn Road , a major local thoroughfare . Goodenough College is a postgraduate residence and educational trust on the north and south sides of the square , and operates an academic-oriented hotel on the east side .
William McMillan RA ( 31 August 1887 - 25 September 1977 ) was a Scottish 20th-century sculptor .
The Trades Union Congress ( TUC ) is a national trade union centre , a federation of trade unions in England and Wales , representing the majority of trade unions . There are fifty affiliated unions , with a total of about 5.6 million members . The current General Secretary is Frances O'Grady . The TUCs mission is to support trade unions to grow and thrive , and to stand up for everyone who works for a living . They campaign for more and better jobs , and a more equal , more prosperous country .
Bernard Meadows ( 19 February 1915 - 12 January 2005 ) was a British modernist sculptor . Meadows was Henry Moore 's first assistant ; then part of the Geometry of Fear school , a loose-knit group of British sculptors whose prominence was established at the 1952 Venice Biennale ; a Professor of Sculpture at the Royal College of Art for 20 years ; and returned to assist Moore again in his last years .
Captain Thomas Coram ( c. 1668 - 29 March 1751 ) was a philanthropist who created the London Foundling Hospital in Lamb 's Conduit Fields , Bloomsbury , to look after abandoned children . It is said to be the world 's first incorporated charity .
The Foundling Museum in Brunswick Square , London tells the story of the Foundling Hospital , Britain 's first home for children at risk of abandonment . The museum houses the nationally important Foundling Hospital Collection as well as the Gerald Coke Handel Collection , an internationally important collection of material relating to Handel and his contemporaries . After a major building refurbishment the museum opened to the public in June 2004 . The museum explores the history of the Foundling Hospital , which continues today as the children 's charity Coram . Artists such as William Hogarth and the composer George Frideric Handel are central to the Hospital story and today the museum celebrates the ways in which creative people have helped improve children 's lives for over 275 years . It is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine group .
Brunswick Square is a 3-acre ( 1.2 ha ) public garden and ancillary streets along two of its sides in Bloomsbury , in the London Borough of Camden . It is overlooked by the School of Pharmacy and the Foundling Museum to the north ; the Brunswick Centre to the west ; and International Hall ( a hall of residence of the University of London ) to the south . East is an enclosed area of playgrounds with further trees , Coram 's Fields , associated with charity Coram Family which is just over double its size ; next to that area Brunswick Square is mirrored , symmetrically by Mecklenburgh Square , likewise of 3 acres including roads . The squares are named after contemporary Queen consorts ( the wife of George III and the wife of his eldest son George IV ) .
A bronze statue of Mahatma Gandhi by Fredda Brilliant was unveiled in 1968 at the centre of Tavistock Square in London , to mark the impending centenary of Gandhi 's birth in 1869 . Mahatma Gandhi had studied law at University College London nearby from 1888 to 1891 , before being called to the bar at the Inner Temple .
Tavistock Square is a public square in Bloomsbury , in the London Borough of Camden .
Fredda Brilliant ( 7 April 1903 - 25 May 1999 ) was a Polish sculptor and actress , born in Łódź , Poland . She worked in a variety of media and is recognized as an accomplished sculptor , writer , actor , singer and script writer . Throughout her career she traveled extensively working in England , USA , Australia , India , Poland and Russia . Brilliant sculpted some of the greatest figures of her time including Jawaharlal Nehru , V.K . Krishna Menon , Indira Gandhi , U.S. President John F Kennedy , and Buckminster Fuller . She also sculpted her husband , the writer Herbert Marshall . Her writing credits include Biographies in Bronze ( 1986 ) , The Black Virgin ( 1986 ) , Women in power ( 1987 ) and Truth in Fiction ( 1986 ) . Brilliant 's most famous work is a bronze statue of Mahatma Gandhi which is the centerpiece of the park in Tavistock Square , London , UK .
Bupa /buːpə/ is a British international healthcare provisioning and multi-insurance group , with its origins and headquarters in the United Kingdom , but now serving 32 million customers in 190 countries . It is a private healthcare company limited by guarantee , unlike the UK 's National Health Service ( NHS ) , which is a tax-funded healthcare system . While initially growing organically through green-field expansions , it has recently tended to function akin to a Private Equity firm , with its corporate strategy heavily influenced by M & A activity in order to consolidate itself as a market leader in healthcare provisioning and multi-insurance . It is consistently ranked among the best places to work , having placed 5th in the 2019 edition of LinkedIn 's Top Companies in the UK .
Peter Randall-Page RA ( born 1954 ) is a British artist and sculptor . He studied sculpture at Bath Academy of Art from 1973 to 1977 , he is best known for his stone sculpture work , inspired by geometric patterns in nature . In his words geometry is the theme on which nature plays her infinite variations , fundamental mathematical principle become a kind of pattern book from which nature constructs the most complex and sophisticated structures .
A conscientious objector is an individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service on the grounds of freedom of thought , conscience , or religion . In some countries , conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service . Some conscientious objectors consider themselves pacifist , non-interventionist , non-resistant , non-aggressionist , anti-imperialist , antimilitarist or philosophically stateless ( not believing in the notion of state ) . On March 8 , 1995 , the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service . This was re-affirmed in 1998 , when resolution 1998/77 recognized that persons [ already ] performing military service may develop conscientious objections . A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day . The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military-industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience .
Queen Square is a garden square in the Bloomsbury district of central London . Many of its buildings are associated with medicine , particularly neurology .
Adeline Virginia Woolf ( /wʊlf/ ; née Stephen ; 25 January 1882 - 28 March 1941 ) was an English writer , considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and also a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device . Woolf was born into an affluent household in South Kensington , London , the seventh child in a blended family of eight . Her mother , Julia Prinsep Jackson , celebrated as a Pre-Raphaelite artist 's model , had three children from her first marriage , while Woolf 's father , Leslie Stephen , a notable man of letters , had one previous daughter . The Stephens produced another four children , including the modernist painter Vanessa Bell . While the boys in the family received college educations , the girls were home-schooled in English classics and Victorian literature . An important influence in Virginia Woolf 's early life was the summer home the family used in St Ives , Cornwall , where she first saw the Godrevy Lighthouse , which was to become central in her novel To the Lighthouse ( 1927 ) . Woolf 's childhood came to an abrupt end in 1895 with the death of her mother and her first mental breakdown , followed two years later by the death of her half-sister and a mother figure to her , Stella Duckworth . From 1897 to 1901 , she attended the Ladies ' Department of King 's College London , where she studied classics and history and came into contact with early reformers of women 's higher education and the women 's rights movement . Other important influences were her Cambridge-educated brothers and unfettered access to her father 's vast library . Encouraged by her father , Woolf began writing professionally in 1900 . Her father 's death in 1905 caused another mental breakdown for Woolf . Following his death , the Stephen family moved from Kensington to the more bohemian Bloomsbury , where they adopted a free-spirited lifestyle .
The Waves is a 1931 novel by Virginia Woolf . It is considered by many to be her most experimental work , and consists of soliloquies spoken by the book 's six characters : Bernard , Susan , Rhoda , Neville , Jinny , and Louis . Also important is Percival , the seventh character , though readers never hear him speak in his own voice . The soliloquies that span the characters ' lives are broken up by nine brief third-person interludes detailing a coastal scene at varying stages in a day from sunrise to sunset . As the six characters or voices speak Woolf explores concepts of individuality , self and community . Each character is distinct , yet together they compose ( as Ida Klitgård has put it ) a gestalt about a silent central consciousness . In a 2015 poll conducted by BBC , The Waves was voted the 16th greatest British novel ever written .
Woburn Square is the smallest of the Bloomsbury squares and owned by the University of London . Designed by Thomas Cubitt and built between 1829 and 1847 , it is named after Woburn Abbey , the main country seat of the Dukes of Bedford , who developed much of Bloomsbury . The original construction was of 41 houses , smaller than those of adjoining Gordon Square and hence with lower rents . The square was built on the boundary between the parishes of St. Pancras and Holborn and the boundary marker stones are still visible in the gardens . The two squares were built to improve land that was originally marshland . This narrow square was longer , extending down towards Russell Square , before the southern half and the Lewis Vulliamy designed Christ Church were demolished in the 1970s to make space for new buildings for the School of Oriental and African Studies and the Institute of Education .