List of politicians, lawyers, and civil servants educated at Jesus College, Oxford
Alumni -- Civil servants and diplomats
Table:
Name

M

G

Degree

Notes

Ref

Sir Frederick Atkinson (HF)

1938

1947

BA PPE

Chief Economic Adviser to HM Treasury (1977–1979)

[17][77][88]

Sir Goronwy Daniel (HF)

1937

1940

DPhil

Permanent Under-Secretary of the Welsh Office (1964–1969), Principal of University of Wales, Aberystwyth (1969–1979)

[114]

Eryl Davies

1940

1942

BA English

Chief Inspector of Schools for Wales (1972–1982)

[77][88][115]

Gunasena de Soyza

1923

1926

BA Literae Humaniores (2nd)

High Commissioner for Ceylon in Britain (1960–1961)

[12][116]

Sir Walter Jenkins

1893

1897

BA

Director of Naval Contracts at the Admiralty (1919–1936)

[21][117]

Sir Philip Jones (HF)

1949

1953

BA Literae Humaniores

Civil servant who was later chairman of Total Oil Marine (1990–1998) and chairman of the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (1996–2000)

[118][119]

Sir Archibald Lush

1917?

1920?

?

Chief Inspector of Schools for Monmouthshire (1944–1964), awarded a knighthood for social services to Wales

[120]

Christopher Lintrup Paus

1900

1904

MA

Diplomat who served at the British Embassy in Oslo as commercial counsellor and as the British consul in Oslo

[121][122]

Sir Thomas Williams Phillips (HF)

1902

1906

BA Literae Humaniores (1st)

Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Labour (1935–1944) and Chairman of the War Damage Commission (1949–1959)

[123][124]

Sir David Roberts

1946?

1947?

BA

Diplomat who served as Ambassador to Syria, High Commissioner to Sierra Leone, Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates and Ambassador to Lebanon

[21]

Sir Archibald Rowlands

1917?

1920?

BA Modern Languages

Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Aircraft Production during the Second World War

[125][126]

Sir Ben Bowen Thomas (HF)

1920

1923?

BA Modern History

Permanent Secretary to the Welsh Department of the Department of Education (1945–1963), President of University College of Wales, Aberystwyth (1964–1975)

[127][128]

Sir Edgar Vaughan (HF)

1925

1929

BA Modern History (1st, 1928), BA PPE (1st, 1929)

Ambassador to Colombia (1964–1966)

[21][62]

Owen Wynne

1668

1672

BA

Secretary to Sir Leoline Jenkins when he was Secretary of State, and for his successors; described as "an early example of the permanent civil servant"

[129]

By analysing the accompanying table and the background passages listed.

Solve the question: What degree was the Director of Navy Contracts between 1919 and 1936 awarded ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Sir Frederick John Atkinson , KCB ( 7 December 1919 - 10 June 2018 ) was a British civil servant . Atkinson was educated at Dulwich College and Jesus College , Oxford . He lectured at Jesus and Trinity Colleges before joining the Economic Section of the Cabinet Office in 1949 . He spent 1952 to 1954 at the British Embassy in Washington D.C. before returning to work in HM Treasury . He was the Chief Economic Adviser to the Department of Trade and Industry from 1970 to 1973 , an Assistant Secretary-General at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development from 1973 to 1975 , Deputy Secretary and Chief Economic Adviser at the Department of Energy from 1975 to 1977 , before his final posting , as Chief Economic Adviser to HM Treasury and Head of the Government Economic Service from 1977 to 1979 . He was awarded the CB in 1971 and knighted on his advancement to KCB in 1979 . He was appointed an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College , Oxford in 1979 .
Philosophy , politics and economics or politics , philosophy , and economics ( PPE ) is an interdisciplinary undergraduate or postgraduate degree which combines study from three disciplines . The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s . This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi , Burmese politician and State Counsellor of Myanmar , Nobel Peace Prize winner ; Princess Haya bint Hussein daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and wife of the ruler of Dubai ; Christopher Hitchens , the British-American polemicist , Oscar winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck ; Philippa Foot a British philosopher ; Harold Wilson , Edward Heath and David Cameron , former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom ; Hugh Gaitskell , William Hague and Ed Miliband , former Leaders of the Opposition ; former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan ; and Malcolm Fraser , Bob Hawke and Tony Abbott , former Prime Ministers of Australia . The course received fresh attention in 2017 , when Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai earned a place . In the 1980s , the University of York went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model ; King 's College London , the University of Warwick , the University of Manchester , and other British universities later followed . According to the BBC , the Oxford PPE dominate [ s ] public life ( in the UK ) . It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world . More recently Warwick University and Kings College added a new degree under the name of PPL ( Politics , Philosophy and Law ) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees . In the United States , it is offered by two Ivy League universities -- the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University ( under the designation Ethics , Politics and Economics ) . In the non-English speaking world the French grande école Sciences Po ( Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris originally , now existing in 8 other big French cities : Aix , Bordeaux , Grenoble , Lille , Lyon , Rennes , Strasbourg and Toulouse ) offers since the late 19th century an approaching cursus with a wide variety of electives . Sciences Po has been emulated in a number of countries . A good number of French political and entrepreunarial elite and civil servants are Sciences Po graduates , though the vast majority of political ministers and elected officials at the national level prefers or adds the even more selective grande école ENA ( École Nationale d'Administration ) .
Her Majesty 's Treasury ( HM Treasury ) , sometimes referred to as the Exchequer , or more informally the Treasury , is the British government department responsible for developing and executing the government 's public finance policy and economic policy . The Treasury maintains the Online System for Central Accounting and Reporting ( OSCAR ) , the replacement for the Combined Online Information System ( COINS ) , which itemises departmental spending under thousands of category headings , and from which the Whole of Government Accounts ( WGA ) annual financial statements are produced . The possessive adjective in the department 's name varies depending upon the sex of the reigning monarch .
Sir Goronwy Hopkin Daniel KCVO ( 21 March 1914 - 17 January 2003 ) was a Welsh academic and civil servant . Born at Ystradgynlais , Powys , Wales , Daniel was educated at Pontardawe Grammar School , Amman Valley County School and University of Wales , Aberystwyth , where he gained a first-class degree . He obtained a D.Phil . from Jesus College , Oxford . In 1940 he married Lady Valerie , daughter of Richard Lloyd George , 2nd Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor . They had one son and two daughters . He joined the civil service in 1943 , rising to Chief Statistician in the Ministry of Fuel and Power and eventually to Permanent Under-Secretary at the Welsh Office when it was set up in 1964 . In 1969 he returned to Aberystwyth to become Principal of the University College of Wales , and was knighted the same year . He held the post for ten years . In 1977 he was appointed a Lieutenant of Dyfed . In 1982 he was appointed Chairman of the Welsh Fourth Channel Authority , having been one of the prime movers in its creation .
The Welsh Office ( Welsh : Swyddfa Gymreig ) was a department in the Government of the United Kingdom with responsibilities for Wales . It was established in April 1965 to execute government policy in Wales , and was headed by the Secretary of State for Wales , a post which had been created in October 1964 . It was disbanded on 1 July 1999 when most of its powers were transferred to the National Assembly for Wales , with some powers transferred to the Office of the Secretary of State for Wales ( Welsh : Swyddfa Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru ) . The Welsh Office took over the responsibilities related to housing , local government and town and country planning , etc . for Wales which had previously been the responsibilities of several other government departments . Its responsibilities included Monmouthshire , which for some purposes had earlier been considered by some to lie within England .
Aberystwyth University ( Welsh : Prifysgol Aberystwyth ) is a public research university in Aberystwyth , Wales . Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales . The university has over 8,000 students studying across 3 academic faculties and 17 departments . Founded in 1872 as University College Wales , Aberystwyth , it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894 and changed its name to the University College of Wales , Aberystwyth . In the mid-1990s , the university again changed its name to the University of Wales , Aberystwyth . On 1 September 2007 , the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth became independent again . Aberystwyth University is placed in the UKs top 50 universities in the main national rankings and it has become the first university to be awarded with the prestigious prize University of the year for teaching quality by The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide for two consecutive years ( 2018 and 2019 ) . According to the Research Excellence Framework REF 2014 , Aberystwyth ranks in the top 50 out of 154 in the UK for impact , quality of publications and research environment . It is the first university in the world to be awarded Plastic Free University status ( for single-use plastic items ) .
Eryl Oliver Davies ( 22 December 1922 - 31 May 1982 ) was a Welsh teacher and school inspector , and was Chief Inspector of Schools for Wales from 1972 until his death in 1982 .
Gunasena de Soyza CMG OBE ( 20 December 1902 - 12 October 1961 ) was High Commissioner for Ceylon in Britain from 1960 until his death . He had previously been the most senior civil servant in Ceylon .
Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .
In the Commonwealth of Nations , a high commissioner is the senior diplomat ( generally ranking as an ambassador ) in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another . Instead of an embassy , the diplomatic mission is generally called a high commission .
Sri Lanka ( UK : /sri ˈlæŋkə , ʃriː -/ , US : /- ˈlɑːŋkə/ ( listen ) ; Sinhala : ශ්‍රී ලංකා Śrī Laṃkā ; Tamil : இலங்கை Ilaṅkai ) , officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka , is an island country in South Asia , located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea . The island is geographically separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait . The legislative capital , Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte , is a suburb of the commercial capital and largest city , Colombo . Sri Lanka 's documented history spans 3,000 years , with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years . It has a rich cultural heritage , and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka , the Pāli Canon , date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC . Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to the modern Maritime Silk Road . Sri Lanka was known in the west and from the beginning of British colonial rule as Ceylon ( /sɪˈlɒn/ , US also /seɪˈlɒn/ ) . A nationalist political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century to obtain political independence , which was granted in 1948 ; the country became a republic and adopted its current name in 1972 . Sri Lanka 's recent history has been marred by a 26-year civil war , which ended decisively when the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) in 2009 . The current constitution stipulates the political system as a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system . It has had a long history of international engagement , as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , and a member of the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations , the G77 , and the Non-Aligned Movement . Along with the Maldives , Sri Lanka is one of only two South Asian countries rated high on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , with its HDI rating and per capita income the highest among South Asian nations .
Sir Walter St David Jenkins CB CBE ( 1 March 1874 - 7 June 1951 ) was a senior British official in the Admiralty , serving as Director of Navy Contracts from 1919 to 1936 . Jenkins was born on 1 March 1874 and educated at Carmarthen Grammar School and Oswestry School . He won a Meyricke exhibition to Jesus College , Oxford in 1893 , obtaining his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1897 before joining the Admiralty as a first-class clerk . From 1902 to 1906 , he was secretary of the committee that recommended the introduction of oil as the fuel for warships - he later drafted the Admiralty 's report for presentation to the Royal Commission on Oil Fuel - whilst also spending time travelling to India and Burma to arrange for stores to be supplied to British naval stations in the Far East and to obtain teak for the Admiralty . He was commended by the First Lord of the Admiralty ( Winston Churchill ) for securing naval coal supplies in anticipation of a miners ' strike in south Wales . He was Admiralty secretary of the Railway Communications Board that drew up the plan for taking over the railways using the powers contained in the Defence of the Realm Act . He served on various inter-departmental committees during the First World War , and was appointed by the Government as a director of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1918 , resigning to become Director of Navy Contracts in 1919 . He remained in this post until retirement in 1936 , thereafter working in the commercial sector . He also became the first independent chairman of the National Federation of Iron and Steel Merchants ( 1938-1944 ) . He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( 1918 ) and a Companion of the Order of the Bath ( 1921 ) before being knighted on his retirement in 1936 . He was also appointed an Officer of the Légion d'honneur ( 1918 ) and an Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy ( 1918 ) , as well as being awarded the Order of St Anne of Russia . He died in London on 7 June 1951 .
The Admiralty , originally known as the Office of the Admiralty and Marine Affairs , was the government department responsible for the command of the Royal Navy first in the Kingdom of England , later in the Kingdom of Great Britain , and from 1801 to 1964 , the United Kingdom and former British Empire . Originally exercised by a single person , the Lord High Admiral ( 1385-1628 ) , the Admiralty was , from the early 18th century onwards , almost invariably put in commission and exercised by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty , who sat on the Board of Admiralty . In 1964 , the functions of the Admiralty were transferred to a new Admiralty Board , which is a committee of the tri-service Defence Council of the United Kingdom and part of the Navy Department of the Ministry of Defence . The new Admiralty Board meets only twice a year , and the day-to-day running of the Royal Navy is controlled by a Navy Board ( not to be confused with the historic Navy Board described later in this article ) . It is common for the various authorities now in charge of the Royal Navy to be referred to as simply 'The Admiralty ' . The title of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom was vested in the monarch from 1964 to 2011 . The title was awarded to Philip , Duke of Edinburgh by Queen Elizabeth II on his 90th birthday . There also continues to be a Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom and a Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom , both of which are honorary offices .
Sir ( Thomas ) Philip Jones CB FRSA ( 13 July 1931 - 19 July 2000 ) was a Welsh businessman and civil servant . After a career in the civil service , he was chairman of Total Oil Marine from 1990 to 1998 and Total Oil Holdings from 1991 to 1998 . He was also the chairman of the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales from 1996 to 2000 . Jones was educated at Cowbridge Grammar School and Jesus College , Oxford - the college appointed him to an Honorary Fellowship in 1990 . After serving as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery from 1953 to 1955 , he joined the Civil Service in 1955 , as Assistant Principal in the Ministry of Supply . He also worked in the Ministry of Aviation , the Treasury and the Department of Trade and Industry , becoming Under-secretary in the DTI in 1974 and serving as Deputy Secretary at the Department of Energy between 1976 and 1983 . He was a member of the British National Oil Corporation from 1980 to 1982 and of the British Overseas Trade Board from 1985 to 1988 . He was chairman of the Electricity Council from 1983 to 1990 . He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1978 and knighted in 1986 . He was chairman of Total Oil Marine from 1990 to 1998 and of Total Oil Holdings from 1991 to 1998 . He was chairman of the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales from 1996 until his death . He was a governor of Henley Management College from 1986 onwards .
Total S.A. ( French pronunciation : ​ [ tɔtal ] ; English : /toʊˈtæl/ or /toʊˈtɑːl/ ) is a French multinational integrated oil and gas company founded in 1924 and one of the seven Supermajor oil companies in the world . Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain , from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation , transportation , refining , petroleum product marketing , and international crude oil and product trading . Total is also a large scale chemicals manufacturer . Total has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie , west of Paris . The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index .
The Higher Education Funding Council for Wales ( HEFCW ) is the Welsh Government Sponsored Body responsible for funding the higher education sector .
Sir Archibald James Lush ( 15 September 1900 - 14 April 1976 ) was a Welsh educator and civil servant . He was educated at Tredegar Grammar School in his hometown and at Jesus College , Oxford . On leaving Oxford , he worked for the Carnegie Trust . He was County Youth Organiser for Monmouthshire from 1940 , before serving as Chief Inspector of Schools for the county of Monmouthshire from 1944-64 . He was then Chairman of the Welsh Hospital Board and was knighted in the Investiture honours in 1969 for social services to Wales . He was a close friend of Aneurin Bevan and acted as his political agent for most of his parliamentary life .
Monmouthshire ( /ˈmɒnməθʃər , -ʃɪər/ ) , also known as the County of Monmouth ( /ˈmɒnməθ/ ; Welsh : Sir Fynwy ) , is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales and a former administrative county . It corresponds approximately to the present principal areas of Monmouthshire , Blaenau Gwent , Newport and Torfaen , and those parts of Caerphilly and Cardiff east of the Rhymney River . The eastern part of the county is mainly agricultural , while the western valleys had rich mineral resources . This led to the area becoming highly industrialised with coal mining and iron working being major employers from the 18th century to the late 20th century . The largest five towns are Newport , Cwmbran , Pontypool , Ebbw Vale and Abergavenny . Monmouthshire 's Welsh status was ambiguous between the 16th and 20th centuries , with it considered by some to be part of England during this time ; its legal inclusion in Wales was clarified by the Local Government Act 1972 , the same act that changed the structure of local government within the county .
Christopher Kiff Lintrup Paus CBE ( 6 November 1881 in Chorlton-on-Medlock - 28 May 1963 in Grantown-on-Spey ) ( pronounced [ pæʉs ] ) was a British diplomat , who served at the British Embassy in Oslo for several decades , as commercial counsellor and as the British consul in Oslo and head of the British consular service in Norway . He wrote several published reports on industrial and economic affairs in Norway . He attended Jesus College , Oxford ( 1900-1904 ) , where he graduated with a master 's degree . He became commercial attaché at the British Embassy in Oslo in December 1914 , in succession to Sir Francis Oppenheimer , was promoted to commercial secretary for Norway in May 1919 and served as the British consul in Oslo from 1926 to 1931 . In 1939 he was promoted to the personal rank of counsellor of embassy . He retired from His Majesty 's Diplomatic Service on 27 April 1941 . A member of the Norwegian Paus family , he was a son of the Norwegian-born businessman Christopher Paus ( 1843-1919 ) of Manchester and an English mother , Ellen née Lord ( 1847-1917 ) . He was a brother of the British businessmen Charles Johan Paus and Rudolph Henrik Paus , co-owners of the Manchester firm Blydt , Paus and Pace , and of the businessman Oscar Lionel Paus ( 1880-1917 ) , who died as a British lieutenant in the First World War . He was married to Gunda Resch Knudsen , daughter of the Norwegian ship-owner and Member of Parliament Jørgen Christian Knudsen and a niece of Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen . He was a grandson of Henrik Johan Paus and a first cousin of papal chamberlain , count Christopher Tostrup Paus . His father was a first cousin of playwright Henrik Ibsen . Some of his private papers are owned by the Imperial War Museum .
The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Oslo is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Norway . The Embassy is located on one of the most expensive streets in Norway , Thomas Heftyes gate , in the Frogner district . The current British Ambassador to Norway is Richard Wood .
Sir Thomas Williams Phillips GBE KCB ( 20 April 1883 - 21 September 1966 ) was a senior official in the British Civil Service . Phillips , a Welshman , was educated at Machynlleth County School and Jesus College , Oxford , where he obtained a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in Literae Humaniores . He joined the Civil Service in 1906 , working initially in the field of copyright law . He was called to the bar by Gray 's Inn in 1913 . He moved to the Ministry of Labour in 1919 , serving as Permanent Secretary from 1935 to 1944 . He then worked in the Ministry of National Insurance until 1948 , becoming Chairman of the Central Land Board and of the War Damage Commission in 1949 . He held these positions until 1959 . He was also Chairman of the National Joint Council for Local Authorities , Administrative , Professional . Technical and Clerical Services ( 1951-1963 ) and Chairman of the War Works Commission ( 1949-1964 ) . He was awarded the CBE in 1918 , knighted with the award of the KBE in 1934 and advanced to GBE in 1946 . He was also awarded the CB in 1922 and advanced to KCB in 1936 . He was made an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College , Oxford in 1948 , was made a Commander of the Belgian Order of the Crown and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Wales in 1946 .
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a ministry in the United Kingdom , charged with running the department on a day-to-day basis . Similar offices , often employing different terms , exist in many other Westminster-style systems and in some other governments . Permanent secretaries ( known by other names in some departments ; see below ) are the non-political civil service heads ( and accounting officers ) or chief executives of government departments , who generally hold their position for a number of years ( thus permanent ) at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice .
The Ministry of Labour was a British government department established by the New Ministries and Secretaries Act 1916 . It later morphed into the Department of Employment . Most of its functions are now performed by the Department for Work and Pensions .
The War Damage Commission was a body set up by the British Government under the War Damage Act 1941 to pay compensation for war damage to land and buildings throughout the United Kingdom . It was not responsible for the repairs themselves , which were carried out by local authorities or private contractors . The Commission was chaired by Malcolm Trustram Eve , then by Sir Thomas Williams Phillips ( 1949-1959 ) . It was headquartered at Devonshire House , Mayfair Place , Piccadilly , London , and operated out of sixteen Regional Offices :
Sir David Arthur Roberts , KBE , CMG , CVO ( 8 August 1924 - 7 June 1987 ) was a British career diplomat who was ambassador to Lebanon , Syria and the United Arab Emirates .
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Syria was the United Kingdom 's foremost diplomatic representative to Syria , and head of the UK 's diplomatic mission in Damascus . The official title was Her Britannic Majesty 's Ambassador to the Syrian Arab Republic . In February 2012 all diplomatic staff were withdrawn from the British Embassy in Damascus and its services were suspended . There is now no ambassador . The UK appoints a Special Envoy to Syria ; the present incumbent is the head of the Near East Department at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in London .
The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Sierra Leone is the United Kingdom 's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Sierra Leone . Sierra Leone gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1961 . As both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations , they exchange High Commissioners rather than ambassadors .
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Arab Emirates is the United Kingdom 's foremost diplomatic representative in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) , and head of the UK 's diplomatic mission in the UAE . The official title is Her Britannic Majesty 's Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates . Before the UAE was granted independence from the United Kingdom in 1971 , each of the Trucial States was home to its own political deputation from the United Kingdom , with its own Political Officer or Political Agent heading the deputation . Of these deputations and political representatives , the oldest and most important was to the Emir of Abu Dhabi , who was based in the city of Abu Dhabi , now the capital city of the UAE and the site of the modern British embassy . The UK also maintains an embassy in Dubai , subordinate to the Abu Dhabi embassy , headed by a Consul General .
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Lebanon is the United Kingdom 's foremost diplomatic representative in the Lebanese Republic , and head of the UK 's diplomatic mission in Beirut . The first two British envoys were appointed during World War II to both Lebanon and Syria . Since 1923 both countries had been under French mandate from the League of Nations . During the war , however , France was partly occupied by Germany and French troops in Lebanon and Syria were loyal to the Vichy French government , so the Allies invaded and occupied Lebanon and Syria in 1941 . Both countries became independent after the war .
Sir Archibald Rowlands GCB MBE ( 26 December 1892 - 18 August 1953 ) was a British civil servant . After serving as private secretary to three Secretaries of State for War , he was Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Air Production during the Second World War . He then worked in India and later acted as a special advisor to Muhammad Ali Jinnah , the Governor-General of Pakistan . Rowlands was born on 26 December 1892 and went to school in Penarth . He then studied at the University of Wales , obtaining a first-class degree in modern languages in 1914 . He then studied at Jesus College , Oxford , with his university career being interrupted for three years during the First World War , during which he saw action as a captain in the Army Cyclist Corps ; he was mentioned in dispatches and was awarded the Military MBE . In 1920 , he joined the War Office as a member of the civil service , serving as private secretary to Sir Herbert Creedy , Secretary at the War Office , and then as private secretary to Viscount Hailsham , Viscount Halifax and Duff Cooper , who were successively the Secretary of State for War ; Hailsham used to declare that Rowlands was the ideal private secretary . In 1936 , Rowlands was seconded to the Indian Government as Adviser on Military Finance , before returning in 1939 Deputy Under-Secretary at the Air Ministry , then becoming Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Air Production in 1940 . His work in the Ministry of Air Production was followed in 1943 by a return to India as adviser to the Viceroy on war administration , supervising various British government branches that had been moved to India during the war . He became Finance Member of the Governor-General 's Executive Council . He was also chairman of the committee that reported into the administration of the province of Bengal , making various recommendations for improvement . In 1946 , he left India to become Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Supply , succeeding Oliver Franks .
The Minister of Aircraft Production was the British government position in charge of the Ministry of Aircraft Production , one of the specialised supply ministries set up by the British Government during World War II . As the name suggests , it was responsible for aircraft production for the British forces ; primarily the Royal Air Force , but also the Fleet Air Arm .
Sir Ben Bowen Thomas ( 18 May 1899 - 26 July 1977 ) was a Welsh civil servant and university President . He served as Permanent Secretary to the Welsh Department of the Ministry of Education from 1945 to 1963 , and was President of the University of Wales , Aberystwyth from 1964 to 1975 . In June 1977 Thomas was awarded an Honorary Degree from the Open University as Doctor of the University . Thomas was born in 1899 in Ystrad Rhondda , and was educated at Rhondda Grammar School , the University College of Wales , Aberystwyth and Jesus College , Oxford . Influenced by the adult education movement , he spent five years as a university tutorial class lecturer before becoming the first warden of Coleg Harlech when it was founded by Dr Thomas Jones in 1927 . He remained there until 1940 , when he moved to the Ministry of Labour and then the Ministry of Education . Thomas was President of the London Welsh Trust , which runs the London Welsh Centre , Gray 's Inn Road , from 1953 until 1955 . He was also involved with the work of Unesco , becoming a member of its executive board and later chairman ( 1958-1960 ) . During his time at the Ministry of Education , he worked for improved standards in Welsh schools and for Welsh language tuition ( he was a fluent Welsh speaker ) . He retired from the civil service in 1963 , becoming president of the University of Wales , Aberystwyth in 1964 and serving until 1975 . He was also chairman of the Baptist Union of Wales ( 1966-1967 ) . Apart from his knighthood awarded in the 1950 King 's Birthday Honours List , he was also awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Wales and an Honorary Fellowship by Jesus College .
The Department for Education and Skills ( DfES ) was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007 , responsible for the education system ( including higher education and adult learning ) as well as children 's services in England . The department was led by Secretary of State for Education and Skills . The DfES had offices at four main locations : London ( both at the Sanctuary Buildings and Caxton House ) , Sheffield ( Moorfoot ) , Darlington ( Mowden Hall ) , and Runcorn ( Castle View House ) . The DfES was also represented in regional Government Offices . The DfES had jurisdiction only in England as education was the responsibility of the Scottish Government , Welsh Assembly Government and the Northern Ireland Assembly . On 28 June 2007 , the DfES was split up into the Department for Children , Schools and Families ( DCSF ) and the Department for Innovation , Universities and Skills . The DCSF was later reorganised as the Department for Education in 2010 .
Aberystwyth University ( Welsh : Prifysgol Aberystwyth ) is a public research university in Aberystwyth , Wales . Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales . The university has over 8,000 students studying across 3 academic faculties and 17 departments . Founded in 1872 as University College Wales , Aberystwyth , it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894 and changed its name to the University College of Wales , Aberystwyth . In the mid-1990s , the university again changed its name to the University of Wales , Aberystwyth . On 1 September 2007 , the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth became independent again . Aberystwyth University is placed in the UKs top 50 universities in the main national rankings and it has become the first university to be awarded with the prestigious prize University of the year for teaching quality by The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide for two consecutive years ( 2018 and 2019 ) . According to the Research Excellence Framework REF 2014 , Aberystwyth ranks in the top 50 out of 154 in the UK for impact , quality of publications and research environment . It is the first university in the world to be awarded Plastic Free University status ( for single-use plastic items ) .
Sir ( George ) Edgar Vaughan KBE FRHistS ( 24 February 1907 - 25 January 1994 ) was a British diplomat . Vaughan was educated at Cheltenham Grammar School and then at Jesus College , Oxford , where he obtained first-class degrees in Modern History ( 1928 ) and in PPE ( 1929 ) . He was a Laming Travelling Fellow of The Queen 's College , Oxford , from 1929 to 1931 . He joined His Majesty 's Diplomatic Service in 1930 , serving as Vice-Consul in Hamburg , La Paz , Barcelona and Buenos Aires . After posting in Monrovia ( as Chargé d'affaires ) , Seattle , Washington , Lourenço Marques and Amsterdam ( as Consul-General in each ) , he returned to Buenos Aires as Minister and Consul-General in 1956 , before being appointed Ambassador to Panama in 1960 . In 1964 he became Ambassador to Colombia , serving until 1966 . He was appointed OBE in 1937 , advanced to CBE in 1956 and knighted KBE in 1963 . After leaving the Diplomatic Service , he was a Special Lecturer ( 1966-1967 ) then Professor of History ( 1967-1974 ) at the University of Saskatchewan , Regina Campus . He was appointed as a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 1965 and as an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College in 1966 . He was awarded the Order of Andrés Bello , First Class , by the government of Venezuela in 1990 . He died on 25 January 1994 .
Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law .
Owen Wynne ( 1652-1700 ) was a lawyer and civil servant in the seventeenth century .
Sir Leoline Jenkins ( 1625 - 1 September 1685 ) was a Welsh academic , diplomat involved in the negotiation of international treaties ( e.g . Nimègue ) . jurist and politician . He was a clerical lawyer who served as Judge of the High Court of Admiralty from 1668 to 1685 . As a statesman he served as Secretary of State from 1680 to 1684 .
The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of Great Britain up to 1782 , when the Northern Department became the Foreign Office .