List of French Open men's doubles champions
Statistics -- Champions by country
Table:
Country

Amateur Era

Open Era

All-time

First title

Last title

United States (USA)
17
25
42
1926
2017

Australia (AUS)
26
13
39
1935
2000

France (FRA)
20
6
26
1925
2018

Sweden (SWE)
1
6
7
1948
2006

Spain (ESP)
1
5
6
1963
2016

Netherlands (NED)
0
6
6
1973
2002

India (IND)
0
5
5
1999
2009

South Africa (RSA)
2
2
4
1947
1972

Belarus (BLR)
0
4
4
2005
2012

Canada (CAN)
0
4
4
2007
2012

Switzerland (SUI)
0
3
3
1981
1992

Russia (RUS)
0
3
3
1996
2002

Czech Republic (CZE)
0
3
3
1996
2009

Great Britain (GBR)
2
0
2
1933
1933

Germany (GER)
2
0
2
1937
1937

Czechoslovakia (TCH)
1
1
2
1948
1986

Italy (ITA)
2
0
2
1959
1959

Romania (ROU)
0
2
2
1970
1970

Mexico (MEX)
0
2
2
1975
1977

Belgium (BEL)
0
2
2
2004
2004

By analysing the tabular data and the supplementary paragraphs listed.

Respond to the question below: What year was the last title for the country that is the most populous nation in Europe ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
The 2017 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 121st edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 28 May to 11 June and consisted of events for players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events . Novak Djokovic was the defending champion in the Men 's Singles , but he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Thiem . Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion in the Women 's Singles , but she lost in the 4th Round to Kristina Mladenovic . This was the first time since 1974 French Open that both reigning champions of the Australian Open ( Serena Williams and Roger Federer ) withdrew before the tournament began .
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) .
The 2000 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament was held from 29 May until 11 June . It was the 104th staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 2000 .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
The 2018 French Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France , from 27 May to 10 June and consisted of events for players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events . Rafael Nadal ( Spain ) was the defending champion in the Men 's Singles and won his 11th French Open title . Simona Halep ( Romania ) won her first Grand Slam title in Women 's Singles . It was the 122nd edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of 2018 . Jeļena Ostapenko was the defending champion in the Women 's Singles but lost in the first round to Kateryna Kozlova . This was the first French Open since 1992 that both the men 's and the women 's singles competitions were won by the top seeds .
Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .
The 2006 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France from 28 May to 11 June 2006 . It was the 110th staging of the French Open , and the second of the four Grand Slam tennis events of 2006 . This edition made history as it became the first Grand Slam tournament to start on a Sunday . It was the 2nd time since 1985 that all top 4 seeds reached the semifinals in the men 's singles of a Grand Slam tournament . This did not happen again until the same tournament five years later . Both defending champions , Rafael Nadal and Justine Henin-Hardenne , retained their titles .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
The 2016 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 120th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 22 May to 5 June and consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events . Novak Djokovic won the men 's singles in the 2016 edition . Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion in men 's singles , but he lost to Andy Murray in the semifinals . Serena Williams was the defending champion in the women 's singles , but she lost to Garbiñe Muguruza in the final . Roger Federer withdrew before the tournament due to a knee injury , making this tournament the first Grand Slam he missed since the 2000 Australian Open . Furthermore , nine-time champion Rafael Nadal withdrew during the tournament due to injury , for the first time in his French Open career . Novak Djokovic 's victory at this tournament in his 20th Grand Slam final completed his career Grand Slam of all four major tournaments , the eighth man to do so in singles and the fifth since the start of the Open Era ( after Rod Laver , Andre Agassi , Roger Federer , and Rafael Nadal ) . Djokovic also achieved a non-calendar year Grand Slam , becoming the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four major titles at once . The victory by Garbiñe Muguruza was her first Grand Slam win in her second Grand Slam final .
The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' .
The 1973 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 21 May until 3 June . It was the 77th staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1973 . Ilie Năstase and Margaret Court won the singles titles .
The 2002 French Open was the second Grand Slam event of 2002 and the 106th edition of the French Open . It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France , from late May through early June , 2002 . Both Gustavo Kuerten and Jennifer Capriati were unsuccessful in defending their 2001 titles ; Kuerten was defeated in the fourth round by eventual champion Albert Costa , and Capriati was defeated by eventual champion Serena Williams in the semi-finals . Costa won his only Grand Slam title , defeating compatriot Juan Carlos Ferrero in the final . Serena Williams defeated her sister Venus to win her second Grand Slam title , her first French Open title , and the first of four consecutive Grand Slams in what was to be called the Serena Slam .
India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .
The 1999 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament was held from 24 May until 6 June . It was the 103rd staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1999 .
The 2009 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 113th edition of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France , from May 24 through June 7 , 2009 . Rafael Nadal and Ana Ivanovic were the defending champions . Both failed to defend their titles , losing to Robin Söderling and Victoria Azarenka in the fourth round , respectively . Nadal 's loss to Söderling was his first defeat in the tournament since debuting in 2005 , and would remain his sole loss at the tournament until the 2015 French Open . Söderling proceeded to defeat Nikolay Davydenko and Fernando González on his way to the final , where he was defeated by Roger Federer . By winning the French Open , Federer equalled Pete Sampras ' then-record of 14 Grand Slam titles , and completed his Career Grand Slam by winning the tournament ; he had lost the previous three finals to Nadal . Svetlana Kuznetsova , the runner-up to Justine Henin-Hardenne in 2006 , was the women 's champion this year . She defeated World No . 1 Dinara Safina in the final , avenging a semi-final loss to the same opponent in 2008 .
South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics .
The 1972 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 22 May until 4 June . It was the 76th staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1972 . Andrés Gimeno and Billie Jean King won the singles titles .
Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR .
The 2005 French Open was the 109th edition of the tournament . Rafael Nadal , seeded fourth at his first French Open ( but was actually ranked World No . 5 at the time after then-World No . 2 Lleyton Hewitt withdrew from the tournament due to injury ) , was a strong favorite to win the men 's title after winning the Monte Carlo and Rome Masters , with Guillermo Coria , a 2004 finalist and 2005 runner-up to Nadal in both Monaco and Rome , calling Nadal the best clay-court player in the world prior to the tournament . After defeating top seed Roger Federer in the semi-finals , Nadal defeated Argentina 's Mariano Puerta to claim his first French Open title , and the first of four won consecutively from 2005 until 2008 . Nadal would go on to win the tournament a record twelve times . In the women 's draw , Justine Henin-Hardenne won her second French Open title , defeating 2000 champion Mary Pierce in the final in just 62 minutes . 2005 marked the first of three consecutive years in which Justine Henin would win the Women 's Singles title . Gastón Gaudio and Anastasia Myskina were unsuccessful in defending their 2004 titles , Gaudio losing in the fourth round and Myskina being upset in the first round . This tournament was also notable for the rise of future French Open champion Ana Ivanovic , who upset the 3rd seed Amélie Mauresmo in the third round , before going on to defeat another future champion in Francesca Schiavone on her way to her first Grand Slam quarter-final appearance in what was just her second Grand Slam tournament .
The 2012 French Open ( also known as Roland Garros , after the famous French aviator ) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 116th edition of the French Open , and took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 27 May until 11 June 2012 . Rafael Nadal won the tournament for the third year in succession , and the seventh time in eight years , defeating first-time Roland Garros finalist Novak Djokovic . His seventh title broke Björn Borg 's record of six French Open Men 's Singles titles , and equalled Chris Evert 's record for most French Open titles won by a man or woman . Li Na was unsuccessful in her title defence , being defeated in the fourth round by Yaroslava Shvedova . Maria Sharapova defeated 21st seed Sara Errani in the final to win her first French Open title , to complete a career Grand Slam , and to return to the World No . 1 ranking for the first time in four years . This championship was the second time in grand slam history that two multiple slam sets were accomplished in two different disciplines , and that was Mahesh Bhupathi won his first multiple slam in Mixed Doubles , and Esther Vergeer won her second multiple slam set in Women 's Wheelchair Doubles . At the 1969 US Open , Rod Laver won his first multiple slam set in Men 's Singles , and his fellow countryman Ken Rosewall did in Men 's Doubles for the first time . This would occur again for the third time at the 2013 French Open .
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom .
The 2007 French Open ( Roland Garros ) was held in Paris , France from 27 May through to 10 June 2007 . Rafael Nadal became the first man to win the tournament 3 times consecutively since Björn Borg , 1978-81 ; and maintained his unbeaten run at Roland Garros . Justine Henin also equaled Monica Seles ' record of three consecutive wins . This was the third straight year that Rafael Nadal and Justine Henin won the French Open singles titles .
Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone .
The 1981 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 25 May until 7 June . It was the 85th staging of the French Open , and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1981 .
The 1992 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament was held from 25 May until 7 June . It was the 96th staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1992 . This was the last time both the top seeds won the men 's singles and women 's singles until the 2018 French Open .
Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state .
The 1996 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament was held from 27 May until 9 June . It was the 100th staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1996 .
The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .
Czechoslovakia , or Czecho-Slovakia ( /ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , -kə- , -slə- , -ˈvɑː-/ ; Czech and Slovak : Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) , was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 . From 1939 to 1945 , following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany , the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate . From 1948 to 1990 , Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a command economy . Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955 . A period of political liberalization in 1968 , known as the Prague Spring , was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union , assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries , invaded Czechoslovakia . In 1989 , as Marxist-Leninist governments and socialism were ending all over Europe , Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution ; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation . In 1993 , Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia .
The 1986 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament was held from 26 May until 8 June . It was the 90th staging of the French Open , and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1986 . The event was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix and 1986 Virginia Slims World Championship Series .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania .
The 1970 French Open was a tennis tournament that was held at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris in France from 25 May through 7 June 1970 . It was the 74th edition of the French Open , the 40th to be open to foreign competitors , and the second Grand Slam of the year . Jan Kodeš and Margaret Court won the singles titles .
Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .
The 1975 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 2 June until 15 June . It was the 79th staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1975 . Björn Borg won the men 's singles title and Chris Evert won the women 's single title .
The 1977 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The tournament ran from 23 May until 5 June . It was the 81st staging of the French Open , and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1977 .
Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .
The 2004 French Open was the 108th edition of the tournament . Gastón Gaudio became the first men 's Open Era Grand Slam title winner to save two match points in the final ; the last time that had happened was 70 years earlier . Gaudio also became the first Argentine man since Guillermo Vilas to win a grand slam , in 1979 . Fellow Argentine Guillermo Coria , widely regarded as the favourite and best clay court player in the world coming into the tournament , was seeded 3rd for the event , whereas Gaudio was unseeded ( ranked 44th ) and with only two titles to his name , both of which he had won over two years before . After winning the first two sets convincingly , Coria began suffering from leg cramps . Gaudio won the next two sets ; however , Coria came back and was up two breaks of serve in the final set . Coria had two match points at 6-5 before Gaudio prevailed 0-6 , 3-6 , 6-4 , 6-1 , 8-6 . Gaudio also became the first man to win a Grand Slam tournament final after being bagelled in the first set . The tournament was noted for the excellent performance of the Argentine players - in addition to the two finalists , there were a semifinalist ( David Nalbandian ) and a quarterfinalist ( Juan Ignacio Chela ) . It was also highlighted by a first round match between Fabrice Santoro and Arnaud Clément , lasting 6 hours and 33 minutes and ending in Clement 's defeat 6-4 , 6-3 , 6-7 , 3-6 , 16-14 , setting a new record for the longest singles match in the open era , [ citation needed ] which would stand until Wimbledon 2010 . It was also the last Grand Slam tournament to feature neither Roger Federer nor Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals until the 2012 US Open . In the women 's draw , Anastasia Myskina became first Russian female tennis player to win a Grand Slam title .