List of Sinfonians
Table:
Name

Original chapter

Notability

References

Samuel Adler

Gamma Theta (1960), Alpha Alpha (1966)

German-born composer; named Composer of the Year by the American Guild of Organists in 1991

Leroy Anderson

Gamma Omega (1969)

Composer, noted for "Bugler's Holiday", "Syncopated Clock", and the holiday classic "Sleigh Ride"; has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

[29][31]

Robert Russell Bennett

Gamma Omega (1966)

First president of the American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers (ASMAC); won an Oscar for the film Oklahoma!

[32][33]

Aaron Copland

Alpha Upsilon (1961)

Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize in composition for Appalachian Spring, and Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award in 1970; a Kennedy Center honoree in 1979; his well-known compositions include Fanfare for the Common Man and Rodeo

[15][16][17]

George Crumb

Beta Chi (1961)

Received the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1968 for his orchestral work Echoes of Time and the River and a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Composition in 2001 for his work Star-Child

[17][34]

Norman Dello Joio

Epsilon Nu (1971)

Won the Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Meditations on Ecclesiastes in 1957, and an Emmy Award in 1965 for his score to the NBC special The Louvre

[17]

Carlisle Floyd

Epsilon Iota (1957)

Awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2004; named the Charles E. Lutton Man of Music in 2012

[9][15]

Morton Gould

Alpha Delta (1947)

Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music for Stringmusic in 1995, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005

[17][35]

Ferde Grofé

Beta Epsilon (1939)

Piano player for Paul Whiteman's orchestra; arranged George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue for both jazz and full orchestras; known for Grand Canyon Suite

Adolphus Hailstork

Rho Mu (2010)

Composer and educator

Howard Hanson

Iota (1916)

Director of the Eastman School of Music, 1924–1964; recipient of the 1944 Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No. 4, Requiem, and the Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award in 1954

[15][17]

Victor Herbert

Lambda (1913)

Tin Pan Alley composer; co-founder and vice-president of ASCAP

[36][37]

Alan Hovhaness

Delta Omicron (1949)

Prolific Armenian-American composer, with over 500 surviving works

Karel Husa

Alpha Alpha (1977)

Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his String Quartet No. 3 in 1969; known for Music for Prague 1968

[17]

Gail T. Kubik

Alpha Nu (1934)

Won the 1952 Pulitzer Prize for Music for Symphony Concertante

[17]

Krzysztof Penderecki

Epsilon Iota (1975)

Received a Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance for Credo in 2001

Vincent Persichetti

Delta Eta (1961)

Awarded the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit in 1984

[21]

Peter Schickele

Gamma Epsilon (1974)

Composer and comedian, best known by the pseudonym P.D.Q. Bach

[38]

Arnold Schoenberg

Alpha Epsilon (1935)

Developed the twelve-tone technique of composition

[39]

With reference to the following table together with the background passages below.

Give the answer to the question: What is the original chapter of the brother who was born on October 24 , 1929 ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Samuel Hans Adler ( born March 4 , 1928 ) is an American composer , conductor , author , and professor . During the course of a professional career which ranges over six decades he has served as a faculty member at both the University of Rochester 's Eastman School of Music and the Juilliard School . In addition , he is credited with founding and conducting the U.S . Seventh Army 's Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra which participated in the cultural diplomacy initiatives of the United States in Germany and throughout Europe in the aftermath of World War II . Adler 's musical catalogue includes over 400 published compositions . He has been honored with several awards including Germany 's Order of Merit - Officer 's Cross .
The University of North Texas ( UNT ) is a public research university in Denton , Texas . Eleven colleges , two schools , an early admissions math and science academy for exceptional high-school-age students from across the state , and a library system comprise the university core . Its research is driven by about 38 doctoral degree programs . North Texas was founded as a nonsectarian , coeducational , private teachers college in 1890 and was formally adopted by the state 11 years later . UNT is the flagship institution of the University of North Texas System , which includes additional universities in Dallas and Fort Worth . UNT also has a satellite campus in Frisco .
The American Guild of Organists ( AGO ) is a national organization of academic , church , and concert organists in the U.S. , headquartered in The Interchurch Center in New York City . Founded as both an educational and service organization , it was chartered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York in 1896 , with the authority to grant titles of associate or fellow to members who passed required examinations . Membership is not limited to professional organists , but is open to anybody with an interest in the organ and organ music . There are approximately 16,500 AGO members in all categories , of whom 14,500 are voting members as of 2017 . The AGO 's current president is Michael Bedford , elected in 2016 . The Guild seeks to set and maintain high musical standards and to promote understanding and appreciation of all aspects of organ and choral music .
Leroy Anderson ( /ləˈrɔɪ/ lə-ROY ) ; ( June 29 , 1908 - May 18 , 1975 ) was an American composer of short , light concert pieces , of which many were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler . John Williams described him as one of the great American masters of light orchestral music .
Indiana State University ( ISU ) is a public university in Terre Haute , Indiana . It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs . Indiana State is classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as a Doctoral/Research University .
The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,600 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood , California . The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry , bearing the names of a mix of musicians , actors , directors , producers , musical and theatrical groups , fictional characters , and others . The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust . It is a popular tourist destination , with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003 . The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce holds trademark rights to the Hollywood Walk of Fame .
Robert Russell Bennett ( June 15 , 1894 - August 18 , 1981 ) was an American composer and arranger , best known for his orchestration of many well-known Broadway and Hollywood musicals by other composers such as Irving Berlin , George Gershwin , Jerome Kern , Cole Porter , and Richard Rodgers . In 1957 and 2008 , Bennett received Tony Awards recognizing his orchestrations for Broadway shows . Early in his career , he was often billed as Russell Bennett .
The American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers is an organization whose mission is to promote the arts of Music Arranging , Composition and Orchestration within the entertainment industry community and the general public . The ASMAC was founded in 1938 .
The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony .
Oklahoma ! is a 1955 American musical film based on the 1943 musical of the same name by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II , starring Gordon MacRae , Shirley Jones ( in her film debut ) , Rod Steiger , Charlotte Greenwood , Gloria Grahame , Gene Nelson , James Whitmore , and Eddie Albert . The production was the only musical directed by Fred Zinnemann . Oklahoma ! was the first feature film photographed in the Todd-AO 70 mm widescreen process ( and was simultaneously filmed in CinemaScope 35mm ) . Set in Oklahoma Territory , it tells the story of farm girl Laurey Williams ( Jones ) and her courtship by two rival suitors , cowboy Curly McLain ( MacRae ) and the sinister and frightening farmhand Jud Fry ( Steiger ) . A secondary romance concerns Laurey 's friend , Ado Annie ( Grahame ) , and cowboy Will Parker ( Nelson ) , who also has an unwilling rival . A background theme is the territory 's aspiration for Statehood , and the local conflict between cattlemen and farmers . The film received a rave review from The New York Times , and was voted a New York Times Critics Pick . In 2007 , Oklahoma ! was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant .
Aaron Copland ( /ˈkoʊplənd/ , KOHP-lənd ; November 14 , 1900 - December 2 , 1990 ) was an American composer , composition teacher , writer , and later a conductor of his own and other American music . Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as the Dean of American Composers . The open , slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music , evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit . He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as populist and which the composer labeled his vernacular style . Works in this vein include the ballets Appalachian Spring , Billy the Kid and Rodeo , his Fanfare for the Common Man and Third Symphony . In addition to his ballets and orchestral works , he produced music in many other genres , including chamber music , vocal works , opera and film scores . After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark , Copland traveled to Paris , where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal , then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger . He studied three years with Boulanger , whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste . Determined upon his return to the U.S. to make his way as a full-time composer , Copland gave lecture-recitals , wrote works on commission and did some teaching and writing . He found composing orchestral music in the modernist style he had adapted abroad a financially contradictory approach , particularly in light of the Great Depression . He shifted in the mid-1930s to a more accessible musical style which mirrored the German idea of Gebrauchsmusik ( music for use ) , music that could serve utilitarian and artistic purposes . During the Depression years , he traveled extensively to Europe , Africa , and Mexico , formed an important friendship with Mexican composer Carlos Chávez and began composing his signature works .
The University of Arizona ( Arizona , U of A , UArizona , or UA ) is a public research university in Tucson , Arizona . Founded in 1885 , the UA was the first university in the Arizona Territory . As of 2018 [ update ] , the university enrolls 45,217 students in 19 separate colleges/schools , including the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson and Phoenix and the James E. Rogers College of Law , and is affiliated with two academic medical centers ( Banner - University Medical Center Tucson and Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix ) . The University of Arizona is governed by the Arizona Board of Regents . The University of Arizona is one of the elected members of the Association of American Universities and is the only representative from the state of Arizona to this group . Known as the Arizona Wildcats ( often shortened to Cats ) , the UA 's intercollegiate athletic teams are members of the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA . UA athletes have won national titles in several sports , most notably men 's basketball , baseball , and softball . The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are cardinal red and navy blue .
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the United States . The Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal are the highest civilian awards of the United States . The presidential medal seeks to recognize those people who have made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States , world peace , cultural or other significant public or private endeavors . The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and , while it is a civilian award , it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform . It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy , superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II .
The Pulitzer Prize ( /ˈpʊlɪtsər/ ) is an award for achievements in newspaper , magazine and online journalism , literature , and musical composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian-born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15,000 cash award ( raised from $ 10,000 in 2017 ) . The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal .
The Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award is one of the highest honors awarded to members of the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity for a lifelong achievement in uplifting the world through art and music . Its recipients include musical legends such as Aaron Copland , W. Francis McBeth , James Levine , Frederick Fennell , Maynard Ferguson , and Col. John R. Bourgeois , USMC ( Ret . ) .
The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture . The honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington , D.C .
Fanfare for the Common Man is a musical work by the American composer Aaron Copland . It was written in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under conductor Eugene Goossens and was inspired in part by a speech made earlier that year by United States Vice President Henry A. Wallace , in which Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the Century of the Common Man . Several alternative versions have been made and fragments of the work have appeared in many subsequent US and British cultural productions , such as in the musical scores of movies .
Rodeo is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille , which premiered in 1942 . Subtitled The Courting at Burnt Ranch , the ballet consists of five sections : Buckaroo Holiday , Corral Nocturne , Ranch House Party , Saturday Night Waltz , and Hoe-Down . The symphonic version omits Ranch House Party , leaving the other sections relatively intact .
George Henry Crumb or George Henry Jr. Crumb ( born October 24 , 1929 ) is an American composer of modern classical and avant-garde music . He is known as an explorer of unusual timbres , alternative forms of notation , and extended instrumental and vocal techniques , which obtained his innovative techniques in the use of vivid sonorities . Examples include seagull effect for the cello ( e.g . Vox Balaenae ) , metallic vibrato for the piano ( e.g . Five Pieces for Piano ) , and using a mallet to play the strings of a double bass ( e.g . Madrigals , Book I ) , among numerous others . Crumbs most renowned works include Ancient Voices of Children ( 1970 ) , Black Angels ( 1971 ) , and Makrokosmos III ( 1974 ) .
The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well .
The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters , Drama , and Music . It was first given in 1943 . Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year , and this was eventually converted into a prize : For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year . Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award , the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received only one performance . In 2004 the terms were modified to read , For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year .
A Grammy Award ( stylized as GRAMMY , originally called Gramophone Award ) , or Grammy , is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievements in the music industry . The trophy depicts a gilded gramophone . The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists , and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest . The Grammys are the second of the Big Three major music awards held annually ( between the American Music Awards in the Fall , and the Billboard Music Awards in the Summer ) , was held May 1 in 2019 . It is considered one of the four major annual American entertainment awards along with the Academy Awards ( film ) , the Emmy Awards ( television ) , and the Tony Awards ( theater and Broadway ) The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4 , 1959 , to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958 . Following the 2011 ceremony , the Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012 . The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards were held on January 26 , 2020 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles .
Norman Dello Joio ( January 24 , 1913 - July 24 , 2008 ) was an American composer whose output spanned over half a century , and who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1957 .
Jacksonville State University ( JSU ) is a public university in Jacksonville , Alabama . Founded in 1883 , Jacksonville State offers programs of study in five academic units leading to bachelor 's , master 's , education specialist , and doctorate degrees in addition to continuing and distance education programs . In the Fall semester of 2011 , JSU began offering the school 's first doctoral degree , Doctor of Science in Emergency Management . The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School , and in 1930 the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College , and again in 1957 to Jacksonville State College . The university began operating as Jacksonville State University in 1966 . JSU currently has an enrollment of about 8,500 students , with nearly 500 faculty members ( more than 320 of whom are full-time ) . Jacksonville State 's Business School was ranked within the nation 's 90th percentile by the Princeton Review . It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . In addition , 40 academic programs ( 79% of programs that can be accredited ) earned specialized programmatic accreditations . These programs include business , education , applied engineering , nursing , social work , drama , art , music , computer science , family and consumer science , and communication .
An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry . It is presented at numerous annual events held throughout the calendar year , each honoring one of the various sectors of the television industry . The two ceremonies that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy events include those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , the International Emmy Awards honor excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . The Emmy is named after immy , an informal term for the image orthicon tube that was common in early television cameras . The statuette depicts a winged woman holding an atom . The Emmy is considered one of the four major American entertainment awards , the others being the Grammy ( for music ) , the Oscar ( for film ) , and the Tony ( for theater ) . Three related , but separate , organizations present the Emmy Award : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( NATAS ) , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( IATAS ) . The ATAS first awarded the Emmy in 1949 to honor shows produced in the Los Angeles area before it became a national event in the 1950s to honor programs aired nationwide . Over the next two decades , the ATAS , the NATAS , and the IATAS expanded the award to honor other areas of the TV industry , with each organization responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy competitions .
Carlisle Floyd ( born June 11 , 1926 ) is an American opera composer . The son of a Methodist minister , he has based many of his works on themes from the South . His best known opera , Susannah ( 1955 ) , is based on a story from the Biblical Apocrypha , transferred to contemporary , rural Tennessee , and is set in a Southern dialect .
Florida State University ( Florida State or FSU ) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university in Tallahassee , Florida . It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1851 , it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 10 billion . Florida State is home to Florida 's only national laboratory , the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol . Florida State University also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art , the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 18th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FSU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . In their 113-year history , Florida State 's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships .
The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the United States Congress in 1984 , for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts . A prestigious American honor , it is the highest honor given to artists and arts patrons by the United States government . Nominations are submitted to the National Council on the Arts , the advisory committee of the National Endowment for the Arts , who then submits its recommendations to the White House for the President of the United States to award . The medal was designed for the NEA by sculptor Robert Graham .
Morton Gould ( December 10 , 1913 - February 21 , 1996 ) was an American composer , conductor , arranger , and pianist .
Iowa State University of Science and Technology ( Iowa State ) is a public land-grant and space-grant research university in Ames , Iowa . It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the third largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference . Iowa State is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . It is also a member of the Association of American Universities ( AAU ) . Founded in 1858 and coeducational from its start , Iowa State became the nation 's first designated land-grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11 , 1862 , making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so . Iowa State 's academic offerings are administered today through eight colleges , including the graduate college , that offer over 100 bachelor 's degree programs , 112 master 's degree programs , and 83 at the Ph.D. level , plus a professional degree program in Veterinary Medicine . Iowa State University 's athletic teams , the Cyclones , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are a founding member of the Big 12 . The Cyclones field 16 varsity teams and have won numerous NCAA national championships .
Stringmusic is a musical composition for string orchestra by the American composer Morton Gould . It was commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra and was premiered at the Kennedy Center by the NSO on March 10 , 1994 . The piece is dedicated to the conductor Mstislav Rostropovich upon his leave . Unanimously recommended by the jury , Stringmusic was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1995 . A large-scale suite , or serenade , for string orchestra , comprising five movements [ : ] Prelude , Tango , Dirge , Ballad , Strum .
The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is a special Grammy Award that is awarded by The Recording Academy to performers who , during their lifetimes , have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording . This award is distinct from the Grammy Hall of Fame Award , which honors specific recordings rather than individuals , and the Grammy Trustees Award , which honors non-performers .
Ferde Grofé ( March 27 , 1892 - April 3 , 1972 ) was an American composer , arranger , pianist and instrumentalist . During the 1920s and 1930s , he went by the name Ferdie Grofé .
New York University ( NYU ) is a private research university based in New York City . Founded in 1831 , NYU 's historical campus is in Greenwich Village , Lower Manhattan . NYU is also a global university with degree-granting campuses in Abu Dhabi and Shanghai , and academic centers in Accra , Berlin , Buenos Aires , Florence , London , Los Angeles , Madrid , Paris , Prague , Sydney , Tel Aviv , and Washington , D.C . Alumni include heads of state , royalty , aristocrats , eminent scientists , inventors and entrepreneurs , media figures , founders and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies , and astronauts . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 37 Nobel Laureates , 8 Turing Award winners , 5 Fields Medalists , over 30 Academy Award winners , over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners , and hundreds of members of the National Academies of Sciences and United States Congress have been affiliated as faculty or alumni .
Paul Samuel Whiteman ( March 28 , 1890 - December 29 , 1967 ) was an American bandleader , composer , orchestral director , and violist . As the leader of one of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s and early 1930s , Whiteman produced recordings that were immensely successful , and press notices often referred to him as the King of Jazz . Some of his most popular recordings included Whispering , Valencia , Three O'Clock In The Morning , In A Little Spanish Town , and Parade Of The Wooden Soldiers . Paul Whiteman led a usually large ensemble and explored many styles of music , such as blending symphonic music and jazz , as in his debut of Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin . Whiteman recorded many jazz and pop standards during his career , including Wang Wang Blues , Mississippi Mud , Rhapsody in Blue , Wonderful One , Hot Lips ( He 's Got Hot Lips When He Plays Jazz ) , Mississippi Suite , Grand Canyon Suite , and Trav'lin ' Light . He co-wrote the 1925 jazz classic Flamin ' Mamie . His popularity faded in the swing music era of the mid-1930s , and by the 1940s he was semi-retired from music . He experienced a revival and had a comeback in the 1950s with his own network television series , Paul Whiteman 's Goodyear Revue , which ran for three seasons . He also hosted the 1954 ABC talent contest show On the Boardwalk with Paul Whiteman . Whiteman 's place in the history of early jazz is somewhat controversial . Detractors suggest that his ornately orchestrated music was jazz in name only , lacking the genre 's improvisational and emotional depth , and co-opted the innovations of black musicians . Defenders note that Whiteman 's fondness for jazz was genuine .
George Gershwin ( /ˈɡɜːrʃ.wɪn/ ; born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz , September 26 , 1898 - July 11 , 1937 ) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres . Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) and An American in Paris ( 1928 ) , the songs Swanee ( 1919 ) and Fascinating Rhythm ( 1924 ) , the jazz standard I Got Rhythm ( 1930 ) , and the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) which spawned the hit Summertime . Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark , Henry Cowell , and Joseph Brody . He began his career as a song plugger but soon started composing Broadway theater works with his brother Ira Gershwin and with Buddy DeSylva . He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger , but she refused him . He subsequently composed An American in Paris , returned to New York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and DuBose Heyward . Initially a commercial failure , it came to be considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century and an American cultural classic . Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores . He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor . His compositions have been adapted for use in film and television , with several becoming jazz standards recorded and covered in many variations .
Rhapsody in Blue is a 1924 musical composition by the American composer George Gershwin for solo piano and jazz band , which combines elements of classical music with jazz-influenced effects . The composition was commissioned by the bandleader Paul Whiteman . It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé several times , including the original 1924 scoring , the 1926 theater orchestra setting , and the 1942 symphony orchestra scoring , though completed earlier . The piece received its premiere in the concert , An Experiment in Modern Music , which was held on February 12 , 1924 , in Aeolian Hall , New York City , by Whiteman and his band with Gershwin playing the piano . The editors of the Cambridge Music Handbooks opined that The Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) established Gershwin 's reputation as a serious composer and has since become one of the most popular of all American concert works .
The Grand Canyon Suite is a suite for orchestra by Ferde Grofé , composed between 1929 and 1931 . It was initially titled Five Pictures of the Grand Canyon . It consists of five movements , each an evocation in tone of a particular scene typical of the Grand Canyon . Paul Whiteman and his orchestra gave the first public performance of the work , in concert at the Studebaker Theatre in Chicago on November 22 , 1931 .
Adolphus Hailstork ( born Adolphus Cunningham Hailstork III , April 17 , 1941 ) is an American composer and educator . He grew up in Albany , New York , where he studied violin , piano , organ , and voice . Hailstork was born in Rochester , New York , and obtained a BA from Howard University studying with Mark Fax , master 's degree from the Manhattan School of Music studying with Vittorio Giannini and David Diamond , and a doctorate in music composition from Michigan State University in 1971 , studying with H. Owen Reed . He also studied at The American Institute at Fontainebleau with Nadia Boulanger . He has served as professor at Youngstown State University in Ohio , as well as professor of music and Composer-in-Residence at Virginia 's Norfolk State University . He is currently a professor of music and Composer-in-Residence at Old Dominion University in Norfolk , Virginia . Hailstork is of African American ancestry and his works blend musical ideas from both the African American and European traditions . Hailstork 's awards include a Fulbright fellowship ( 1987 ) . In 1992 he was named a Cultural Laureate of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Old Dominion University maintains the Adolphus Hailstork Collection , in the special collections area of the F. Ludwig Diehn Composers Room , in the Diehn Fine and Performing Arts Center . In 1999 , he was awarded the Brock Commission from the American Choral Directors Association . Hailstork is published by Theodore Presser Company and Carl Fischer Music .
Norfolk State University ( NSU ) is a public historically black university in Norfolk , Virginia . The university is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund and the Virginia High-Tech Partnership .
Howard Harold Hanson ( October 28 , 1896 - February 26 , 1981 ) was an American composer , conductor , educator , music theorist , and champion of American classical music . As director for 40 years of the Eastman School of Music , he built a high-quality school and provided opportunities for commissioning and performing American music . In 1944 , he won a Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No . 4 , and received numerous other awards including the George Foster Peabody Award for Outstanding Entertainment in Music in 1946 .
Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication .
The Eastman School of Music is the professional school of music of the University of Rochester in Rochester , New York . It was established in 1921 by industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman . It offers Bachelor of Music ( B.M . ) degrees , Master of Arts ( M.A . ) degrees , Master of Music ( M.M . ) degrees , Doctor of Philosophy ( Ph.D. ) degrees , and Doctor of Musical Arts ( D.M.A . ) degrees in many musical fields . The school also awards a Performer 's Certificate or Artist 's Diploma . In 2015 , there were more than 900 students enrolled in the collegiate division of the Eastman School ( approximately 500 undergraduate and 400 graduate students ) . Students came from almost every state of the United States , with approximately 25% foreign students . Each year approximately 2000 students apply ( 1000 undergraduates and 1000 graduates ) . The acceptance rate was 13% in 2011 and about 1,000 students ( ranging in age from 16 years to over 80 years of age ) are enrolled in the Eastman Schools Community Music School .
Victor August Herbert ( February 1 , 1859 - May 26 , 1924 ) was an American composer , cellist and conductor of Irish ancestry and German training . Although Herbert enjoyed important careers as a cello soloist and conductor , he is best known for composing many successful operettas that premiered on Broadway from the 1890s to World War I . He was also prominent among the tin pan alley composers and was later a founder of the American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . A prolific composer , Herbert produced two operas , a cantata , 43 operettas , incidental music to 10 plays , 31 compositions for orchestra , nine band compositions , nine cello compositions , five violin compositions with piano or orchestra , 22 piano compositions and numerous songs , choral compositions and orchestrations of works by other composers , among other music . In the early 1880s , Herbert began a career as a cellist in Vienna , Austria , and Stuttgart , Germany , during which he began to compose orchestral music . Herbert and his opera singer wife , Therese Förster , moved to the U.S. in 1886 when both were engaged by the Metropolitan Opera . In the U.S. , Herbert continued his performing career , while also teaching at the National Conservatory of Music , conducting and composing . His most notable instrumental compositions were his Cello Concerto No . 2 in E minor , Op . 30 ( 1894 ) , which entered the standard repertoire , and his Auditorium Festival March ( 1901 ) . He led the Pittsburgh Symphony from 1898 to 1904 and then founded the Victor Herbert Orchestra , which he conducted throughout the rest of his life . Herbert began to compose operettas in 1894 , producing several successes , including The Serenade ( 1897 ) and The Fortune Teller ( 1898 ) .
DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .
Tin Pan Alley was the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century . The name originally referred to a specific place : West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues in the Flower District of Manhattan ; a plaque ( see below ) on the sidewalk on 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth commemorates it . In 2019 the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission took up the question of preserving five buildings on the north side of the street as a Tin Pan Alley Historic District . The start of Tin Pan Alley is usually dated to about 1885 , when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan . The end of Tin Pan Alley is less clear cut . Some date it to the start of the Great Depression in the 1930s when the phonograph , radio , and motion pictures supplanted sheet music as the driving force of American popular music , while others consider Tin Pan Alley to have continued into the 1950s when earlier styles of music were upstaged by the rise of rock & roll , which was centered on the Brill Building .
The American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP /ˈæskæp/ ) is an American non-profit performance-rights organization ( PRO ) that protects its members ' musical copyrights by monitoring public performances of their music , whether via a broadcast or live performance , and compensating them accordingly . ASCAP collects licensing fees from users of music created by ASCAP members , then distributes them back to its members as royalties . In effect , the arrangement is the product of a compromise : when a song is played , the user does not have to pay the copyright holder directly , nor does the music creator have to bill a radio station for use of a song . In 2012 , ASCAP collected over US $ 941 million in licensing fees and distributed $ 828.7 million in royalties to its members , with an 11.6 percent operating expense ratio . As of July 2018 , ASCAP membership included over 670,000 songwriters , composers , and music publishers , with over 11 million registered works . In the United States , ASCAP competes with other PROs , including BMI , SESAC , and SoundExchange .
Alan Hovhaness ( /hoʊˈvɑːnɪs/ ; March 8 , 1911 - June 21 , 2000 ) was an American composer . He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers , with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies ( surviving manuscripts indicate over 70 ) and 434 opus numbers . The true tally is well over 500 surviving works since many opus numbers comprise two or more distinct works . The Boston Globe music critic Richard Buell wrote : Although he has been stereotyped as a self-consciously Armenian composer ( rather as Ernest Bloch is seen as a Jewish composer ) , his output assimilates the music of many cultures . What may be most American about all of it is the way it turns its materials into a kind of exoticism . The atmosphere is hushed , reverential , mystical , nostalgic .
Boston University ( BU ) is a private research university in Boston , Massachusetts . The university is nonsectarian , but has been historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church . The university has more than 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students , and is one of Boston 's largest employers . It offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , doctorates , and medical , dental , business , and law degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses . The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston 's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods , while the Boston University Medical Campus is located in Boston 's South End neighborhood . BU is categorized as an R1 : Doctoral University ( very high research activity ) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education and the Association of American Universities . The university is ranked 40th among undergraduate programs at national universities , and 46th among global universities by U.S. News & World Report in its 2020 rankings . Among its alumni and current or past faculty , the university counts eight Nobel Laureates , 23 Pulitzer Prize winners , 10 Rhodes Scholars , six Marshall Scholars , 48 Sloan Fellows , nine Academy Award winners , and several Emmy and Tony Award winners . BU also has MacArthur , Fulbright , Truman and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as American Academy of Arts and Sciences and National Academy of Sciences members among its past and present graduates and faculty . In 1876 , BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in a BU lab . The Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAA Division I. BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League , and Hockey East conferences , and their mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier .
Karel Husa ( August 7 , 1921 - December 14 , 2016 ) was a Czech-born classical composer and conductor , winner of the 1969 Pulitzer Prize for Music and 1993 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition . In 1954 , he immigrated to the United States and became an American citizen in 1959 .
Music for Prague 1968 is a programmatic work written by Czech-born composer Karel Husa for symphonic band and later transcribed for full orchestra , written shortly after the Soviet Union crushed the Prague Spring reform movement in Czechoslovakia in 1968 . Karel Husa was sitting on the dock at his cottage in America at the time , listening to the BBC broadcast of the events on the radio . He was deeply moved , and wrote Music for Prague 1968 to memorialize the events . This piece is a standard among wind ensemble repertoire . The work was commissioned by Ithaca College and was premiered in January 1969 in Washington , DC at the Music Educators National Conference by Dr. Kenneth Snapp and the Ithaca College Concert Band .
Gail Thompson Kubik ( September 5 , 1914 , South Coffeyville , Oklahoma - July 20 , 1984 , Covina , California ) was an American composer , music director , violinist , and teacher .
Symphony Concertante is a composition by Gail Kubik ( 1914-1984 ) for trumpet , viola , piano , and orchestra . It was premiered January 7 , 1952 by its commissioner , The Little Orchestra , Thomas Scherman conducting . The work is structured as follows :
Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki ( Polish : [ ˈkʂɨʂtɔf pɛndɛˈrɛt͡skʲi ] ; born 23 November 1933 ) is a Polish composer and conductor . The Guardian has called him Poland 's greatest living composer . Among his best known works are Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima , Symphony No . 3 , his St. Luke Passion , Polish Requiem , Anaklasis and Utrenja . Penderecki composed four operas , eight symphonies and other orchestral pieces , a variety of instrumental concertos , choral settings of mainly religious texts , as well as chamber and instrumental works . Born in Dębica to a lawyer , Penderecki studied music at Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Music in Kraków . After graduating from the Academy of Music , Penderecki became a teacher at the academy and he began his career as a composer in 1959 during the Warsaw Autumn festival . His Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for string orchestra and the choral work St. Luke Passion , have received popular acclaim . His first opera , The Devils of Loudun , was not immediately successful . Beginning in the mid-1970s , Penderecki 's composing style changed , with his first violin concerto focusing on the semitone and the tritone . His choral work Polish Requiem was written in the 1980s , with Penderecki expanding it in 1993 and 2005 . Penderecki has won many prestigious awards , including the Commander 's Cross in 1964 , the Prix Italia in 1967 and 1968 , the Knight 's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 1964 , four Grammy Awards in 1987 , 1998 ( twice ) , and 2017 , Wolf Prize in Arts in 1987 and the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition in 1992 .
Vincent Ludwig Persichetti ( June 6 , 1915 - August 14 , 1987 ) was an American composer , teacher , and pianist . An important musical educator and writer , Persichetti was a native of Philadelphia . He was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching , as well as for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School . His students at Juilliard included Philip Glass , Bruce Adolphe , Louis Calabro , Michael Jeffrey Shapiro , Laurie Spiegel , Kenneth Fuchs , Richard Danielpour , Peter Schickele , Lowell Liebermann , Robert Witt , Elena Ruehr , William Schimmel , Leonardo Balada , and Leo Brouwer . He also taught composition to Joseph Willcox Jenkins and conductor James DePreist at the Philadelphia Conservatory .
Youngstown State University ( YSU ) , commonly referred to as Youngstown State , is a medium-sized public research university in Youngstown , Ohio . Founded in 1908 , it became known as Youngstown College in 1931 and sought accreditation through the North Central Association in 1944 . As educational needs in the Mahoning Valley changed , Youngstown College grew significantly . In 1955 , Youngstown College became Youngstown University ; later designated Youngstown State University in 1967 and now joins the University System of Ohio . The university is composed of 6 undergraduate colleges including the Beeghly College of Education , Cliffe College of Creative Arts and Communication , College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences , Dr. Dominic A. and Helen M. Bitonte College of Health and Human Services , College of Science , Technology , Engineering , and Mathematics , and the Warren P. Williamson , Jr. College of Business Administration . Youngstown State University boasts 170 undergraduate degree programs and over 50 graduate degree programs serving over 12,000 students in studies up to the doctoral level . Beyond its current student body , the university has more than 105,000 alumni across the country and around the world . Youngstown State provides an extensive number of student life programs . Students can participate in over 100 clubs and organizations , ranging from student government , fraternities and sororities , recreational sports programs , and student media organizations such as The Jambar . Collectively known as the Penguins , Youngstown State 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . The university is a member of the Horizon League in all varsity sports , with the football team part of an alliance where the Horizon , The Summit League , and Missouri Valley Conference , FCS scholarship schools compete as the Missouri Valley Football Conference .
Founded in 1862 , the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club is one of the oldest continually running glee clubs in the United States and the oldest performing arts group at the University of Pennsylvania . The Club draws its singing members from the undergraduate and graduate men of the University of Pennsylvania ; men and women from the Penn community are also called upon to fill roles in the pit band and technical staff when the Club is involved with theatrical productions . The Club , known for its eclectic mix of Penn standards , Broadway classics , classical favorites , and pop hits , has traveled to over 40 countries and territories on 5 continents . After directing the Glee Club for 44 years , Bruce Montgomery stepped down as director in 2000 and was replaced by former Glee Club member C. Erik Nordgren . After 15 years of dedicated service to the group , Nordgren stepped down and was succeeded by Joshua Glassman . After three years at the podium Joshua Glassman stepped down , passing the baton to Club alumnus Daniel Carsello .
Peter Schickele ( /ˈʃɪkəli/ ; born July 17 , 1935 ) is an American composer , musical educator , and parodist , best known for comedy albums featuring his music , but which he presents as being composed by the fictional P. D. Q. Bach . He also hosted a long-running weekly radio program called Schickele Mix . From 1990 to 1993 , Schickele 's P.D.Q . Bach recordings earned him four consecutive wins for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album .
Michigan State University ( MSU ) is a public research university in East Lansing , Michigan . MSU was founded in 1855 and served as a model for land-grant universities later created under the Morrill Act of 1862 . The university was founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan , one of the country 's first institutions of higher education to teach scientific agriculture . After the introduction of the Morrill Act , the college became coeducational and expanded its curriculum beyond agriculture . Today , MSU is one of the largest universities in the United States ( in terms of enrollment ) and has approximately 634,300 living alumni worldwide . U.S. News & World Report ranks its graduate programs the best in the U.S. in elementary teacher 's education , secondary teacher 's education , industrial and organizational psychology , rehabilitation counseling , African history ( tied ) , supply chain logistics and nuclear physics in 2019 . MSU pioneered the studies of packaging , hospitality business , supply chain management , and communication sciences . Michigan State is a member of the Association of American Universities , an organization of 62 leading research universities in North America . The university 's campus houses the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory , the W. J. Beal Botanical Garden , the Abrams Planetarium , the Wharton Center for Performing Arts , the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum , the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams , and the country 's largest residence hall system . The Michigan State Spartans compete in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference . Michigan State Spartans football won the Rose Bowl Game in 1954 , 1956 , 1988 and 2014 , and a total of six national championships . Spartans men 's basketball won the NCAA National Championship in 1979 and 2000 and has attained the Final Four eight times since the 1998-1999 season , including in 2019 with a victory over Duke .
P. D. Q. Bach is a fictional composer invented by the American musical satirist Peter Schickele , who developed a five-decade-long career performing the discovered works of the only forgotten son of the Bach family . Schickele 's music combines parodies of musicological scholarship , the conventions of Baroque and Classical music , and slapstick comedy . The name P. D. Q. is a parody of the three-part names given to some members of the Bach family that are commonly reduced to initials , such as C. P. E. , for Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach ; PDQ is an initialism for pretty damned quick . Schickele began working on the character while studying at the Aspen Music Festival and School and Juilliard , and has performed a variety of P. D. Q. Bach shows over the years . The Village Voice mentions the juxtaposition of collage , bitonality , musical satire , and orchestral surrealism in a bizarre melodic stream of consciousness [ . ] In P.D.Q . Bach he has single-handedly mapped a musical universe that everyone knew was there and no one else had the guts ( not simply the bad taste ) to explore . As of 2012 he had decreased touring due to age . He performed two concerts to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his first concert at The Town Hall in New York on December 28 and 29 , 2015 , and continues to give live concert performances .
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg ( /ˈʃɜːrnbɜːrɡ/ , US also /ˈʃoʊn-/ ; German : [ ˈʃøːnbɛɐ̯k ] ( listen ) ; 13 September 1874 - 13 July 1951 ) was an Austrian-born composer , music theorist , teacher , writer , and painter . He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century . He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art , and leader of the Second Viennese School . With the rise of the Nazi Party , Schoenberg 's works were labeled degenerate music , because they were modernist and atonal . He emigrated to the United States in 1933 , becoming an American citizen in 1941 . Schoenberg 's approach , bοth in terms of harmony and development , has been one of the most influential of 20th-century musical thought . Many European and American composers from at least three generations have consciously extended his thinking , whereas others have passionately reacted against it . Schoenberg was known early in his career for simultaneously extending the traditionally opposed German Romantic styles of Brahms and Wagner . Later , his name would come to personify innovations in atonality ( although Schoenberg himself detested that term ) that would become the most polemical feature of 20th-century art music . In the 1920s , Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone technique , an influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale . He also coined the term developing variation and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea . Schoenberg was also an influential teacher of composition ; his students included Alban Berg , Anton Webern , Hanns Eisler , Egon Wellesz , Nikos Skalkottas , Stefania Turkewich , and later John Cage , Lou Harrison , Earl Kim , Robert Gerhard , Leon Kirchner , Dika Newlin , and other prominent musicians .
The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 .
The twelve-tone technique - also known as dodecaphony , twelve-tone serialism , and ( in British usage ) twelve-note composition - is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer , [ not verified in body ] who published his law of the twelve tones in 1919 . In 1923 , Arnold Schoenberg ( 1874-1951 ) developed his own , better-known version of 12-tone technique , which became associated with the Second Viennese School composers , who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence . The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows , orderings of the 12 pitch classes . All 12 notes are thus given more or less equal importance , and the music avoids being in a key . Over time , the technique increased greatly in popularity and eventually became widely influential on 20th-century composers . Many important composers who had originally not subscribed to or even actively opposed the technique , such as Aaron Copland and Igor Stravinsky , [ clarification needed ] eventually adopted it in their music . Schoenberg himself described the system as a Method of composing with twelve tones which are related only with one another . It is commonly considered a form of serialism . Schoenberg 's fellow countryman and contemporary Josef Matthias Hauer also developed a similar system using unordered hexachords or tropes - but with no connection to Schoenberg 's twelve-tone technique . [ contradictory ] Other composers have created systematic use of the chromatic scale , but Schoenberg 's method is considered to be historically and aesthetically most significant .