United States Penitentiary, Canaan
Notable inmates ( current and former )
Table:
Inmate name

Register number

Status

Details

Gregory Abbott

86702-054

serving a 1-month sentence

Charged with connection to the 2019 college admissions bribery scandal.

John Rigas

Timothy Rigas

53983-054

53982-054

John Rigas was released in 2016; Timothy is serving 20 years at the minimum-security satellite camp; scheduled for release in 2022.[13]

Father and son executives at Adelphia Communications Corporation; convicted in 2004 of bank fraud and other charges for stealing millions of dollars from the company and concealing its debt from investors to keep its stock price high.[14]

Juan Matta-Ballesteros

37671-133

Serving a life sentence under the name Juan Ramon Matta-Lopez.[15]

Drug kingpin with ties to the Medellin Cartel in Colombia; convicted in 1990 of orchestrating the 1985 kidnapping and murder of Drug Enforcement Administration Agent Enrique Camarena.[16][17]

Abdul Kadir

64656-053

Serving a life sentence.[18]

Al-Qaeda supporter; convicted of terrorism conspiracy for his role in a foiled plot to bomb John F. Kennedy Airport in Queens, New York in 2007; three co-conspirators are serving sentences at other federal facilities.[19][20]

Chhun Yasith

31900-112

Serving a life sentence.[21]

US citizen and President of the Cambodian Freedom Fighters; convicted in 2008 of leading a series of deadly attacks against civilian and government targets in an attempt to oust Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen in 2000.[22][23]

Mohammad Shibin

78207-083

Now at FCI Butner

Somali pirate leader; convicted in 2012 of piracy, kidnapping, and hostage-taking for acting as a ransom negotiator during the hijacking of the civilian vessel Quest in 2010 and the oil tanker Miranda Marguerite in 2011; Shibin is the highest-ranking pirate ever prosecuted.[24][25]

Luke Sommer

38474-086

Now at

USP Coleman

Former US Army Ranger; pleaded guilty to bank robbery in 2008 for masterminding the takeover robbery of a bank in Tacoma, Washington; pleaded guilty in 2010 to attempting to solicit the murder of an Assistant United States Attorney.[26][27][28]

Benjamín Arellano Félix

00678-748

Serving a 15 Years sentence and is scheduled for release at 8/19/2033

Former Kingpin of the Tijuana Cartel, sentenced to 25 Years for Racketeering and conspiracy to Launder money.[29]

Paul Manafort

35207-016

Serving a 7.5-year sentence and is scheduled for release at 12/25/2024. Transferred to FCI Loretto

An American political consultant and former campaign chairman for US president Donald Trump, Manafort was found guilty of tax fraud, bank fraud and witness tampering.

With reference to the provided table together with the passages below.

Give the answer to the question: What s the birth date of USP Canaan inmate # 37671-133 ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

In 2019 , a scandal arose over a criminal conspiracy to influence undergraduate admissions decisions at several top American universities . The investigation into the conspiracy was nicknamed Operation Varsity Blues . The investigation and related charges were made public on March 12 , 2019 , by United States federal prosecutors . At least 53 people have been charged as part of the conspiracy , a number of whom have pled guilty or agreed to plead guilty . Thirty-three parents of college applicants are accused of paying more than $ 25 million between 2011 and 2018 to William Rick Singer , organizer of the scheme , who used part of the money to fraudulently inflate entrance exam test scores and bribe college officials . Singer controlled the two firms involved in the scheme , Key Worldwide Foundation and The Edge College & Career Network ( also known as The Key ) . He pled guilty and cooperated with the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) in gathering incriminating evidence against co-conspirators . He said he unethically facilitated college admission for children in more than 750 families . Singer faces up to 65 years in prison , and a fine of $ 1.25 million . Prosecutors in the Office of the U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts , led by United States Attorney Andrew Lelling , unsealed indictments and complaints for felony conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud against 50 people , including Singer , who has been portrayed [ . ] as a criminal mastermind , university staff he bribed , and parents who are alleged to have used bribery and fraud to secure admission for their children to 11 universities . Among the accused parents are prominent business-people and well-known actors .
John James Rigas ( born November 14 , 1924 ) is one of the founders of Adelphia Communications Corporation , which at its peak was one of the largest cable TV companies in the United States . He was also the majority owner of the Buffalo Sabres franchise of the National Hockey League . In 2005 , he was convicted on multiple charges of fraud and sentenced to 15 years in prison .
Adelphia Communications Corporation ( former NASDAQ ticker symbol ADELQ ) , was a cable television company headquartered in Coudersport , Pennsylvania . Adelphia was the fifth-largest cable company in the United States before filing for bankruptcy in 2002 as a result of internal corruption . Adelphia was founded in 1952 by John Rigas in the town of Coudersport , which remained the company 's headquarters until it was moved to Greenwood Village , Colorado , shortly after filing for bankruptcy . [ citation needed ] The majority of Adelphia 's revenue-generating assets were officially acquired by Time Warner Cable and Comcast on July 31 , 2006 . LFC , an internet-based real estate marketing firm , auctioned off the remaining Adelphia real estate assets . As a result of this acquisition , Adelphia no longer exists as a cable provider . Adelphia 's long-distance telephone business with 110,000 customers in 27 states ( telephone & long-distance services ) was sold to Pioneer Telephone for about $ 1.2 million . Upon divesting its cable assets , Adelphia retained a skeleton crew of 275 employees to handle remaining bankruptcy issues . It still exists as a corporate entity , continuing largely to settle ongoing financial obligations and litigation claims , as well as to consummate settlements with the SEC and the U.S. Attorney .
Bank fraud is the use of potentially illegal means to obtain money , assets , or other property owned or held by a financial institution , or to obtain money from depositors by fraudulently posing as a bank or other financial institution . In many instances , bank fraud is a criminal offence . While the specific elements of particular banking fraud laws vary depending on jurisdictions , the term bank fraud applies to actions that employ a scheme or artifice , as opposed to bank robbery or theft . For this reason , bank fraud is sometimes considered a white-collar crime .
Juan Ramón Matta-Ballesteros ( born January 12 , 1945 ) ( also spelled Mata-Ballesteros ) was a major narcotics trafficker who has been credited with being one of the first to connect Mexican drug traffickers with the Colombian cocaine cartels . This connection paved the way for a major increase in the amount of cocaine smuggled into the United States during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s . Matta was indicted for operating several major cocaine smuggling rings in United States in the early 1980s . He was also one of the narcotics traffickers accused of the kidnap and assassination of American DEA agent Enrique Camarena in 1985 . In 1988 Matta was arrested from his Honduran residence in a controversial operation by the Honduran and American governments and taken to the United States , where he stood several trials for his drug smuggling activities and his part in the kidnap and murder of Enrique Camarena . He was found guilty of drug smuggling , and of participating in the kidnapping , but not the murder , of Camarena . Matta is currently serving multiple life sentences at the United States Penitentiary , Canaan , a high-security federal prison in Pennsylvania .
A drug lord , drug baron , kingpin or narcotrafficker is a high ranking crime boss who controls a sizable network of people involved in the illegal drug trade . Such figures are often difficult to bring to justice , as they are normally not directly in possession of something illegal , but are insulated from the actual trade in drugs by several layers of staff . The prosecution of drug lords is therefore usually the result of carefully planned infiltration into their networks , often using informants from within the organization .
The Medellín Cartel ( Spanish : Cartel de Medellín ) was a highly organized Colombian drug cartel originating in the city of Medellín , Colombia that was founded by Pablo Escobar . The drug cartel operated throughout the 1970s and 1980s in Bolivia , Colombia , Panama , Central America , Peru , and the United States , as well as in Canada and Europe . At the height of its operations , the Medellín Cartel smuggled tons of cocaine each week into countries all over the world and brought in up to US $ 60 million daily in drug profits . For a time , the Medellín Cartel supplied at least 85% of the United States ' cocaine market .
The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ; /di.iˈeɪ/ ) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice , tasked with combating drug trafficking and distribution within the United States . The DEA is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act , sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) , Immigration and Customs Enforcements Homeland Security Investigations ( HSI ) , U.S. Customs and Border Protection ( CBP ) , and the Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) . It has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing US drug investigations both domestic and abroad .
Enrique S. Kiki Camarena Salazar ( July 26 , 1947 - February 9 , 1985 ) was an American undercover agent for the United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) who was abducted on February 7 , 1985 , and then tortured and murdered , while on assignment in Mexico .
The 2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot was an alleged Islamist terrorist plot to blow up a system of jet fuel supply tanks and pipelines that feed fuel to John F. Kennedy International Airport ( JFK ) in Queens , New York . These pipelines travel throughout the undergrounds of New York City in densely populated areas . The alleged plot was foiled when an undercover law enforcement official was recruited to the homegrown terrorist cell .
Al-Qaeda ( /ælˈkaɪdə , ˌælkɑːˈiːdə/ ; Arabic : القاعدة al-Qāʿidah , IPA : [ ælqɑːʕɪdɐ ] , translation : The Base , The Foundation , alternatively spelled al-Qaida and al-Qa'ida ) is a militant Salafist Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden , Abdullah Azzam , and several other Arab volunteers during the Soviet-Afghan War . Al-Qaeda operates as a network of Islamic extremists and Salafist jihadists . The organization has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , the European Union , the United States , the United Kingdom , Russia , India , and various other countries ( see below ) . Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on non-military and military targets in various countries , including the 1998 United States embassy bombings , the September 11 attacks , and the 2002 Bali bombings . The United States government responded to the September 11 attacks by launching the War on Terror , which sought to undermine al-Qaeda and its allies . The deaths of key leaders , including that of Osama bin Laden , have led al-Qaeda 's operations to shift from the top down organization and planning of attacks , to the planning of attacks which are carried out by associated groups and lone-wolf operators . Al-Qaeda characteristically employs attacks which include suicide attacks and the simultaneous bombing of several targets . Activities which are ascribed to al-Qaeda involve the actions of those who have made a pledge of loyalty to bin Laden , or to the actions of al-Qaeda-linked individuals who have undergone training in one of its camps in Afghanistan , Pakistan , Iraq or Sudan . Al-Qaeda ideologues envision the removal of all foreign influences in Muslim countries . Al-Qaeda members believe that a Christian-Jewish alliance is conspiring to destroy Islam . As Salafist jihadists , members of al-Qaeda believe that the killing of non-combatants is religiously sanctioned . This belief ignores the aspects of religious scripture which forbid the murder of non-combatants and internecine fighting .
Terrorism is , in the broadest sense , the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes . It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants ( mostly civilians and neutral military personnel ) . The terms terrorist and terrorism originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but gained mainstream popularity in the 1970s during the conflicts of Northern Ireland , the Basque Country and Palestine . The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington , D.C. in 2001 . There are different definitions of terrorism . Terrorism is a charged term . It is often used with the connotation of something that is morally wrong . Governments and non-state groups use the term to abuse or denounce opposing groups . Varied political organizations have been accused of using terrorism to achieve their objectives . These include right-wing and left-wing political organizations , nationalist groups , religious groups , revolutionaries and ruling governments . Legislation declaring terrorism a crime has been adopted in many states . When terrorism is perpetrated by nation states , it is not considered terrorism by the state conducting it , making legality a largely grey-area issue .
In criminal law , a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime at some time in the future . Criminal law in some countries or for some conspiracies may require that at least one overt act be undertaken in furtherance of that agreement , to constitute an offense . There is no limit on the number participating in the conspiracy and , in most countries , no requirement that any steps have been taken to put the plan into effect ( compare attempts which require proximity to the full offense ) . For the purposes of concurrence , the actus reus is a continuing one and parties may join the plot later and incur joint liability and conspiracy can be charged where the co-conspirators have been acquitted or can not be traced . Finally , repentance by one or more parties does not affect liability ( unless , in some cases , it occurs before the parties have committed overt acts ) but may reduce their sentence . An unindicted co-conspirator , or unindicted conspirator , is a person or entity that is alleged in an indictment to have engaged in conspiracy , but who is not charged in the same indictment . Prosecutors choose to name persons as unindicted co-conspirators for a variety of reasons including grants of immunity , pragmatic considerations , and evidentiary concerns .
John F. Kennedy International Airport ( IATA : JFK , ICAO : KJFK , FAA LID : JFK ) ( colloquially referred to as JFK Airport , JFK or Kennedy ) is an international airport in Queens , New York , USA . It is the primary international airport serving New York City . The airport is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America , the 21st-busiest airport in the world , the sixth-busiest airport in the United States , and the busiest airport in the New York airport system , having handled just over 61 million passengers in 2018 . More than ninety airlines operate from the airport , with nonstop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents . JFK is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens in New York , 16 miles ( 26 km ) southeast of Midtown Manhattan . The airport features six passenger terminals and four runways . It serves as a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Air Lines , and it is the primary operating base for JetBlue . JFK was also formerly a hub for Pan Am , TWA , Eastern , National , and Tower Air . The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport . Following John F. Kennedy 's assassination in 1963 , the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President .
Chhun Yasith ( aka Cambodian Moses ) is a Cambodian American who led a failed coup détat in Cambodia in 2000 .
The Cambodian Freedom Fighters ( CFF ; Khmer : Cholana Kangtoap Serei Cheat Kampuchea ) is an anti-communist political and paramilitary organization that was established on October 21 , 1989 , by its founder , Chhun Yasith , at Poipet near the Cambodian-Thai border . Their headquarters are in Long Beach , California , United States . It was incorporated and registered at the Californian Secretary of State 's office as a political organization in June 1999 , and aims to fight against communists to protect the interests of Cambodian people . The CFF claim to have 500 members in the United States and up to 20,000 supporters in the Kingdom of Cambodia .
The Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia ( Khmer : នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា , French : Premier ministre du Royaume du Cambodge ) is the head of government of Cambodia . The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Cambodian Government . The prime minister is a member of parliament , and is appointed by the monarch for a term of five years . Since 1945 , 36 individuals have served as prime minister ; 32 as official prime ministers , and 4 in acting capacities . The incumbent prime minister , since 1985 , is Hun Sen of the Cambodian People 's Party . He served from 1985 to 1993 and was second prime minister from 1993 to 1998 . Elected as prime minister in his own right in 1998 , he is the longest serving prime minister in Cambodian history .
Hun Sen ( Khmer : ហ៊ុន សែន ; born 5 August 1952 [ a ] ) is a Cambodian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Cambodia since 1985 . He is currently the world 's longest-serving prime minister , the longest-serving head of government of Cambodia , and one of the longest-serving leaders in the world . He is also the president of the Cambodian People 's Party ( CPP ) and a member of the National Assembly for Kandal . His full honorary title is Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen ( Khmer : សម្តេចអគ្គមហាសេនាបតី តេជោ ហ៊ុន សែន ; meaning Lord Prime Minister , Supreme Military Commander Hun Sen ) . Born Hun Bunal , he changed his name to Hun Sen in 1972 two years after joining the Khmer Rouge . From 1979 to 1986 and again from 1987 to 1990 , he served as Cambodia 's foreign minister . Since 1997 , Hun Sen has led the CPP to consecutive victories and is currently serving in his fifth prime ministerial term . In June 2015 , following the death of Chea Sim , Hun Sen was elected president of the CPP . In 2018 , he was elected to a sixth term in a largely unopposed poll , with the CPP winning every seat in the National Assembly . Hun Sen was 32 years old when he became Prime Minister , making him at that time the world 's youngest head of government . He has been described as a wily operator who destroys his political opponents by The Sydney Morning Herald and as a dictator who has assumed authoritarian power in Cambodia using violence , intimidation and corruption to maintain his power base . Under his government , thousands of opposition activists , politicians , environmentalists and human rights workers have been murdered , where a majority of the cases were never investigated due to the political ties with the incumbent administration .
The Federal Correctional Complex , Butner ( FCC Butner ) is a United States federal prison complex for men in Butner , North Carolina . It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons , a division of the United States Department of Justice . FCC Butner is about 25 miles ( 40 km ) northwest of Raleigh , the state capital . It includes the Bureau 's largest medical complex , which operates a drug treatment program and specializes in oncology and behavioral science . Among its inmates is Bernie Madoff , who was convicted for perpetrating the largest Ponzi scheme in history . The complex consists of four facilities :
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area , typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties . Those who engage in acts of piracy are called pirates . The earliest documented instances of piracy were in the 14th century BC , when the Sea Peoples , a group of ocean raiders , attacked the ships of the Aegean and Mediterranean civilizations . Narrow channels which funnel shipping into predictable routes have long created opportunities for piracy , as well as for privateering and commerce raiding . Historic examples include the waters of Gibraltar , the Strait of Malacca , Madagascar , the Gulf of Aden , and the English Channel , whose geographic structures facilitated pirate attacks . A land-based parallel is the ambushing of travelers by bandits and brigands in highways and mountain passes . Privateering uses similar methods to piracy , but the captain acts under orders of the state authorizing the capture of merchant ships belonging to an enemy nation , making it a legitimate form of war-like activity by non-state actors . While the term can include acts committed in the air , on land ( especially across national borders or in connection with taking over and robbing a car or train ) , or in other major bodies of water or on a shore , in cyberspace , as well as the fictional possibility of space piracy , it generally refers to maritime piracy . It does not normally include crimes committed against people traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator ( e.g . one passenger stealing from others on the same vessel ) . Piracy or pirating is the name of a specific crime under customary international law and also the name of a number of crimes under the municipal law of a number of states . In the early 21st century , seaborne piracy against transport vessels remains a significant issue ( with estimated worldwide losses of US $ 16 billion per year in 2004 ) , particularly in the waters between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean , off the Somali coast , and also in the Strait of Malacca and Singapore .
In criminal law , kidnapping is the unlawful transportation , asportation and confinement of a person against their will . Thus , it is a composite crime . It can also be defined as false imprisonment by means of abduction , both of which are separate crimes that when committed simultaneously upon the same person merge as the single crime of kidnapping . The asportation/abduction element is typically but not necessarily conducted by means of force or fear . That is , the perpetrator may use a weapon to force the victim into a vehicle , but it is still kidnapping if the victim is enticed to enter the vehicle willingly , e.g. , in the belief it is a taxicab . Kidnapping may be done to demand for ransom in exchange for releasing the victim , or for other illegal purposes . Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury which elevates the crime to aggravated kidnapping . Kidnapping of a child is also known as child abduction , and these are sometimes separate legal categories .
A hostage is a person seized by a criminal abductor in order to compel another party such as a relative , employer , law enforcement or government to act , or refrain from acting , in a certain way , often under threat of serious physical harm to the hostage ( s ) after expiration of an ultimatum . The 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica defines a hostage as a person who is handed over by one of two belligerent parties to the other or seized as security for the carrying out of an agreement , or as a preventive measure against certain acts of war . A person who seizes one or more hostages is known as a hostage-taker ; if the hostages are present voluntarily , then the receiver is known as a host .
Ransom is the practice of holding a prisoner or item to extort money or property to secure their release , or it may refer to the sum of money involved . When ransom means payment , the word comes via Old French rançon from Latin redemptio = buying back : compare redemption .
The SY Quest incident occurred in February 2011 when Somali pirates seized the American yacht SY Quest ( s/v Quest ) and four United States citizens . In response the United States Navy , supporting Operation Enduring Freedom , dispatched the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise and three other ships with orders to free the hostages . Though American forces were capable of neutralizing the threat , all of the hostages were killed . The SY Quest was the first American vessel to be captured by Somali pirates since the Maersk Alabama hijacking in 2009 .
Luke Elliott Sommer ( born June 26 , 1986 , in Peachland , British Columbia ) is a former United States Army Ranger and bank robber . After almost two years under house arrest in Canada , he pleaded guilty on May 27 , 2008 to the August 7 , 2006 robbery of a branch of the Bank of America in Tacoma , Washington .
The United States Penitentiary , Coleman I and II ( USP Coleman I and II ) are high-security United States federal prisons for male inmates in Florida . It is part of the Coleman Federal Correctional Complex ( FCC Coleman ) and is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons , a division of the United States Department of Justice . USP Coleman 1 was opened in 2001 and in 2004 Clark Construction completed a major 555,000 square-foot additional component for USP Coleman II . FCC Coleman is located in central Florida , approximately 50 miles ( 80 km ) northwest of Orlando , 60 miles ( 97 km ) northeast of Tampa , and 35 miles ( 56 km ) south of Ocala . Former prisoner Nate A. Lindell wrote that USP Coleman II was a so-called special-needs prison - a safe facility where informants , former cops , ex-gang members , check-ins ( prisoners who intentionally put themselves in solitary confinement to be safe ) , homosexuals , and sex offenders can all , supposedly , walk the Yard freely . At regular BOP lockups , these types of men are in danger of being beaten , stabbed , or strangled to death . The Marshall Project stated Coleman II did not respond to multiple requests for confirmation .
The United States Army Rangers are designated U.S. Army Ranger units , past or present , or are graduates of the U.S. Army Ranger School . The term ranger has been in use unofficially in a military context since the early 17th century . The first military company officially commissioned as rangers were English soldiers fighting in King Philip 's War ( 1676 ) and from there the term came into common official use in the French and Indian Wars . There have been American military companies officially called Rangers since the American Revolution . The 75th Ranger Regiment is an elite airborne light infantry combat formation within the United States Army Special Operations Command ( USASOC ) . The six battalions of the modern Rangers have been deployed in Korea , Vietnam , Afghanistan , and Iraq , and saw action in several conflicts , such as those in Panama and Grenada . The Ranger Regiment traces its lineage to three of six battalions raised in World War II , and to the 5307th Composite Unit ( Provisional ) - known as Merrill 's Marauders , and then reflagged as the 475th Infantry , then later as the 75th Infantry . The Ranger Training Brigade ( RTB ) - headquartered at Fort Benning - is an organization under the U.S. Army 's Training and Doctrine Command ( TRADOC ) and is separate from the 75th Ranger Regiment . It has been in service in various forms since World War II . The Ranger Training Brigade administrates Ranger School , the satisfactory completion of which is required to become Ranger qualified and to wear the Ranger Tab .
Benjamín Arellano Félix ( born 12 March 1952 ) is a Mexican drug trafficker and former leader of the Mexican criminal organization known as the Tijuana Cartel or Arellano-Félix Organization .
The Tijuana Cartel ( Spanish : Cártel de Tijuana ) or Arellano-Félix Organization ( Spanish : Cártel Arellano Félix , CAF ) is a Mexican drug cartel based in Tijuana . The cartel once was described as one of the biggest and most violent criminal groups in Mexico . However , since the 2006 Sinaloa Cartel incursion in Baja California and the fall of the Arellano-Félix brothers , the Tijuana Cartel has been reduced to a few cells . In 2016 , the organization has become known as Cartel Tijuana Nueva Generación ( New Generation Tijuana Cartel ) and has begun to align itself under the Jalisco New Generation Cartel , along with Beltrán Leyva Organization ( BLO ) to create an anti-Sinaloa alliance , in which the Jalisco New Generation Cartel heads , creating a possible powershift in Mexico .
A racket , according to the current common and most general definition , is an organized criminal act in which the criminal act is some form of substantial business , or a way to earn illegal money either regularly , or briefly but repeatedly . A racket is therefore generally a repeated or continuous organized criminal operation . However , according to the more specific definition , racketeering constitutes extortion or criminal coercion . Originally and often still specifically , a racket referred to a criminal act in which the perpetrator or perpetrators fraudulently offer a service that will not be put into effect , a service to solve a nonexistent problem , or to solve a problem that would not exist without the racket . Conducting a racket is racketeering . Particularly , the potential problem may be caused by the same party that offers to solve it , but that fact may be concealed , with the specific intent to engender continual patronage for this party . The most common example of a racket is the protection racket , which promises to protect the target business or person from dangerous individuals in the neighborhood and then either collects the money or causes damage to the business until the owner pays . The racket exists as both the problem and its solution , and it is used as a method of extortion . However , the term racket has expanded in definition and may now be used less strictly to refer to any continuous or repeated illegal organized crime operation , including those that do not necessarily involve fraudulent practices . For example , racket may be used to refer to the numbers racket or the drug racket , neither of which generally involve fraud or deception with regard to the intended clientele . Racketeering is most often associated with organized crime , and the term was coined by the Employers ' Association of Chicago in June 1927 in a statement about the influence of organized crime in the Teamsters union .
Money laundering is the illegal process of concealing the origins of money obtained illegally by passing it through a complex sequence of banking transfers or commercial transactions . The overall scheme of this process returns the money to the launderer in an obscure and indirect way . One problem of criminal activities is accounting for the proceeds without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies . Considerable time and effort may be put into strategies which enable the safe use of those proceeds without raising unwanted suspicion . Implementing such strategies is generally called money laundering . After money has been laundered , it can be used for legitimate purposes . Law enforcement agencies of many jurisdictions have set up sophisticated systems in an effort to detect suspicious transactions or activities , and many have set up international cooperative arrangements to assist each other in these endeavors . The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ) estimates that The estimated amount of money laundered globally in one year is 2-5% of global GDP , or $ 800 billion - $ 2 trillion in current US dollars . In a number of legal and regulatory systems , the term money laundering has become conflated with other forms of financial and business crime , and is sometimes used more generally to include misuse of the financial system ( involving things such as securities , digital currencies , credit cards , and traditional currency ) , including terrorism financing and evasion of international sanctions . Most anti-money laundering laws openly conflate money laundering ( which is concerned with source of funds ) with terrorism financing ( which is concerned with destination of funds ) when regulating the financial system . Some countries treat obfuscation of sources of money as also constituting money laundering , whether it is intentional or by merely using financial systems or services that do not identify or track sources or destinations . Other countries define money laundering in such a way as to include money from activity that would have been a crime in that country , even if the activity was legal where the actual conduct occurred .
Paul John Manafort Jr. ( /ˈmænəfɔːrt/ ; born April 1 , 1949 ) is an American former lobbyist , political consultant , former attorney , and convicted felon who is serving a prison sentence for federal financial crimes . A long-time Republican Party campaign consultant , he chaired the Trump Presidential campaign team from June to August 2016 . He was convicted of tax and bank fraud in 2018 and forfeited his license to practice law in January 2019 . Manafort served as an adviser to the U.S. presidential campaigns of Republicans Gerald Ford , Ronald Reagan , George H. W. Bush , and Bob Dole . In 1980 , he co-founded the Washington , D.C.-based lobbying firm Black , Manafort & Stone , along with principals Charles R. Black Jr. , and Roger J . Stone , joined by Peter G. Kelly in 1984 . Manafort often lobbied on behalf of foreign leaders such as former President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych , former dictator of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos , former dictator of Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko , and Angolan guerrilla leader Jonas Savimbi . Lobbying to serve the interests of foreign governments requires registration with the Justice Department under the Foreign Agents Registration Act ( FARA ) ; on June 27 , 2017 , he retroactively registered as a foreign agent . On October 27 , 2017 , Manafort and his business associate Rick Gates were indicted in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on multiple charges arising from his consulting work for the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych in Ukraine before Yanukovych 's overthrow in 2014 . The indictment came at the request of Robert Mueller 's Special Counsel investigation . In June 2018 , additional charges were filed against Manafort for obstruction of justice and witness tampering that are alleged to have occurred while he was under house arrest , and he was ordered to jail . Manafort was prosecuted in two federal courts .
The Federal Correctional Institution , Loretto ( FCI Loretto ) is a low-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Pennsylvania . An adjacent satellite prison camp houses minimum-security male offenders . It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons , a division of the United States Department of Justice . FCI Loretto is located in southwest Pennsylvania between Altoona and Johnstown , 70 miles ( 110 km ) east of Pittsburgh . As of 2016 [ update ] , most prisoners have sentences related to illegal drugs . As of that year , the average sentence length is 12 years , and some prisoners have life sentences .