citizenship rates among immigrants aged 18 and older who arrived in canada five to nine years ago, by selected socio-demographic characteristics, 1991 to 2016
Table:
1991
1996
2001
2006
2011
2016
1996-to-2016 change

percent
percentage points

total
68.6
75.4
75.1
73.0
67.5
60.4
-15.0

adult-equivalent family income

≤ $10,000
65.8
75.0
73.1
69.9
61.2
51.5
-23.5

> $10,000 to ≤ $30,000
68.2
75.1
75.1
71.1
64.3
56.0
-19.2

> $30,000 to ≤ $50,000
69.2
75.7
74.2
72.5
68.3
61.0
-14.7

> $50,000 to ≤ $100,000
69.6
76.7
77.2
77.4
71.2
65.7
-11.0

> $100,000
66.2
69.7
75.3
74.0
71.5
66.7
-3.0

language

neither english nor french
61.5
62.1
68.3
56.7
45.6
32.6
-29.5

other mother tongue, speaks english or french
74.0
79.7
78.9
76.2
70.5
63.4
-16.4

english or french mother tongue
60.2
69.2
65.0
66.2
64.9
61.0
-8.2

education

less than high school
64.7
69.4
71.4
63.4
59.8
46.9
-22.5

high school graduate
68.7
75.7
74.5
70.8
65.4
55.4
-20.3

some postsecondary
72.1
78.9
75.9
73.8
67.3
60.8
-18.1

university degree
73.8
80.9
79.3
77.0
70.8
67.1
-13.8

socioeconomic status

low income, high school or less education, mother tongue not english or french
68.7
74.2
75.6
69.8
62.9
50.7
-23.5

high income, university education, english or french mother tongue
56.9
67.3
65.6
68.8
66.7
66.4
-0.9

immigrants not included in above groups
69.1
76.2
75.2
73.9
68.4
61.9
-14.3

source country/region

united states
31.0
38.4
41.7
41.8
44.9
40.5
2.1

central america
66.4
77.1
74.2
72.1
67.5
59.0
-18.1

caribbean
64.7
72.2
64.1
66.5
67.7
58.2
-14.0

south america
71.6
73.8
68.5
70.0
73.8
72.5
-1.3

northern europe
54.4
53.9
45.0
49.2
48.1
45.2
-8.7

western europe
50.2
52.9
52.4
53.5
47.9
47.9
-5.0

southern europe
53.8
52.8
81.4
83.5
78.7
62.1
9.4

eastern europe
84.6
84.3
83.6
84.2
78.6
71.7
-12.6

africa
78.3
86.2
83.0
76.8
77.2
73.8
-12.5

south asia
55.7
66.0
68.0
68.5
67.2
59.8
-6.2

southeast asia
79.2
81.9
79.0
74.8
70.3
61.3
-20.7

east asia
80.4
82.9
80.9
73.7
57.0
44.8
-38.1

west asia
79.7
86.6
84.1
82.1
74.6
69.7
-16.9

oceania and other
56.9
53.9
50.1
55.7
60.7
49.0
-5.0

number

sample size
64,787
123,636
137,708
138,024
163,270
214,067
..

Provide the shortest accurate answer you can to the following question, based only on the table data. Use the JSON format {"answer": ["YOUR ANSWER"]}. When several items apply, list them comma-separated. Table caption: 'citizenship rates among immigrants aged 18 and older who arrived in canada five to nine years ago, by selected socio-demographic characteristics, 1991 to 2016'. Refer to the table to answer the question below: Among those whose mother tongue was english or french, how much did citizenship rate decline between 1996 and 2016?

{"answer": ["8.2"]}