citizenship rates among immigrants aged 18 and older who arrived in canada five to nine years ago, by selected socio-demographic characteristics, 1991 to 2016
Table:
1991
1996
2001
2006
2011
2016
1996-to-2016 change

percent
percentage points

total
68.6
75.4
75.1
73.0
67.5
60.4
-15.0

adult-equivalent family income

≤ $10,000
65.8
75.0
73.1
69.9
61.2
51.5
-23.5

> $10,000 to ≤ $30,000
68.2
75.1
75.1
71.1
64.3
56.0
-19.2

> $30,000 to ≤ $50,000
69.2
75.7
74.2
72.5
68.3
61.0
-14.7

> $50,000 to ≤ $100,000
69.6
76.7
77.2
77.4
71.2
65.7
-11.0

> $100,000
66.2
69.7
75.3
74.0
71.5
66.7
-3.0

language

neither english nor french
61.5
62.1
68.3
56.7
45.6
32.6
-29.5

other mother tongue, speaks english or french
74.0
79.7
78.9
76.2
70.5
63.4
-16.4

english or french mother tongue
60.2
69.2
65.0
66.2
64.9
61.0
-8.2

education

less than high school
64.7
69.4
71.4
63.4
59.8
46.9
-22.5

high school graduate
68.7
75.7
74.5
70.8
65.4
55.4
-20.3

some postsecondary
72.1
78.9
75.9
73.8
67.3
60.8
-18.1

university degree
73.8
80.9
79.3
77.0
70.8
67.1
-13.8

socioeconomic status

low income, high school or less education, mother tongue not english or french
68.7
74.2
75.6
69.8
62.9
50.7
-23.5

high income, university education, english or french mother tongue
56.9
67.3
65.6
68.8
66.7
66.4
-0.9

immigrants not included in above groups
69.1
76.2
75.2
73.9
68.4
61.9
-14.3

source country/region

united states
31.0
38.4
41.7
41.8
44.9
40.5
2.1

central america
66.4
77.1
74.2
72.1
67.5
59.0
-18.1

caribbean
64.7
72.2
64.1
66.5
67.7
58.2
-14.0

south america
71.6
73.8
68.5
70.0
73.8
72.5
-1.3

northern europe
54.4
53.9
45.0
49.2
48.1
45.2
-8.7

western europe
50.2
52.9
52.4
53.5
47.9
47.9
-5.0

southern europe
53.8
52.8
81.4
83.5
78.7
62.1
9.4

eastern europe
84.6
84.3
83.6
84.2
78.6
71.7
-12.6

africa
78.3
86.2
83.0
76.8
77.2
73.8
-12.5

south asia
55.7
66.0
68.0
68.5
67.2
59.8
-6.2

southeast asia
79.2
81.9
79.0
74.8
70.3
61.3
-20.7

east asia
80.4
82.9
80.9
73.7
57.0
44.8
-38.1

west asia
79.7
86.6
84.1
82.1
74.6
69.7
-16.9

oceania and other
56.9
53.9
50.1
55.7
60.7
49.0
-5.0

number

sample size
64,787
123,636
137,708
138,024
163,270
214,067
..

Respond the following question with the most concise answer possible from the table. Answers must be within a JSON object e.g. {"answer": ["YOUR ANSWER"]}. List multiple answers with commas inside the list object. Table caption: 'citizenship rates among immigrants aged 18 and older who arrived in canada five to nine years ago, by selected socio-demographic characteristics, 1991 to 2016'. Based on the table, answer the question: Between 1996 and 2016, among which group of people was the decline greater, among those with poorer official language skills or among those whose mother tongue was english or french?

{"answer": ["neither english nor french"]}