earnings premiums by firm characteristics
Table:
variables
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
pooled over all years
average annual percent change

number
percent

frontier firms relative to non-frontier firms
2.80
2.77
2.73
2.70
2.70
2.67
2.64
2.59
2.48
2.39
2.36
2.33
2.28
2.36
2.54
-0.70

importers relative to non-importers
1.22
1.21
1.23
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.28
1.27
0.31

exporters relative to non-exporters
1.09
1.10
1.16
1.13
1.13
1.12
1.09
1.09
1.11
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.10
0.08

foreign-controlled firms relative to domestic firms
1.23
1.21
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.25
1.23
1.23
1.22
1.26
1.29
1.32
1.36
1.34
1.25
0.16

high capital intensity firms relative to low capital intensity firms
1.23
1.23
1.21
1.20
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.17
1.16
1.16
1.19
-0.28

high research and development intensity firms relative to low research and development intensity firms
1.28
1.29
1.27
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.29
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.33
1.30
0.13

old firms relative to young firms
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.13
1.12
1.10
1.11
1.11
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.12
-0.38

medium-sized firms relative to small firms
1.06
1.07
1.12
1.09
1.10
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.17
1.11
0.39

large firms relative to small firms
0.99
1.01
0.98
0.96
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.99
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.00
0.05

Answer the given question as concisely as possible using information from the table. Your output should look like {"answer": ["YOUR ANSWER"]}. For several items, comma-separate them within the list. Table caption: 'earnings premiums by firm characteristics'. Using the table, respond to this question: How many times do high r&d intensity firms pay more than low r&d intensity firms on average?

{"answer": ["1.3"]}