constitutions of spain
Table:
Name

In force

Form of government

Democracy

Repealed

Observations

Bayonne Statute
Royal Charter

1808–1814

Constitutional monarchy

Bicameral parliament with semi-elective lower house.

Peninsular War lost by Joseph I.

Not recognized by the Spanish patriots during the war. Most of its contents were to be enacted through the 1810s, so it did not actually work.

Constitution of 1812

1812–1814
1820–1823
1836–1837

Constitutional monarchy

Elected parliament.

Ferdinand VII reinstated absolutism in 1814 and again in 1820. Superseded in 1837.

The Crown was granted wide-ranging veto powers, which Ferdinand VII used to prevent the liberal governments from functioning.

Royal Statute of 1834
Royal Charter

1834–1836

Constitutional monarchy

Bicameral parliament with elected lower house and appointed Senate.

Regent forced to reinstate the 1812 Constitution after a military pronunciamiento.

Granted by Maria Christina in order to get support from the liberals in the First Carlist War.

Constitution of 1837

1837–1845

Constitutional monarchy

Superseded.

Partially suspended by Baldomero Espartero to rule by decree between 1840 and 1843.

Constitution of 1845

1845–1869

Constitutional monarchy

Parliament elected by censitary suffrage.

Isabella II and her Government overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1868.

Constitution of 1856

Not enacted

Constitutional monarchy

Parliament elected by censitary suffrage.

Scrapped by the new government.

Passed by the Parliament but not enacted by Isabella II as moderate liberals returned to power.

Constitution of 1869

1869–1876

Constitutional monarchy

Parliament elected by universal male suffrage.

Republic declared by the Cortes after the abdication of Amadeo I.

Constitution of 1873

Not enacted

Federal republic

Unicameral parliament elected by universal male suffrage.

Arsenio Martínez Campos led a successful pronunciamiento restoring the Bourbon monarchy.

Republic collapsed before even passing the Constitution, mainly due to wide disagreement over the federalism vs centralism issue.

Constitution of 1876

1876–1931

Constitutional monarchy

Parliament elected, first by censitary, then universal male suffrage from the 1890s.

Republic instated after Alphonse XIII fled Spain.

While theoretically democratic, elections were routinely rigged by the governing party, and in practice power was shared by two alternating parties (the turno system). During Primo de Rivera's dictatorship (1923–1930) many of its articles were suspended in a de facto dictatorship.

Constitution of 1931

1931–1939

Parliamentary republic

Unicameral parliament, first with universal male suffrage, then female suffrage from 1933.

Civil War lost by the Republican side.

During the Civil War (1936–1939) it was abolished by the Nationalists and widely disregarded in the Republican zone.

Fundamental Laws of the Realm

1938–1978

Authoritarian dictatorship

Partially elected unicameral parliament with little powers of its own.

Superseded when Parliament adopted the Constitution of 1978.

A set of laws enacted by the dictator Francisco Franco in order to shape his political regime and adapt it to changes. The individual laws passed under Franco are: Fuero del Trabajo (1938), Ley Constitutiva de las Cortes (1942), Fuero de los Españoles (1945), Ley del Referéndum Nacional (1945), Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado (1945), Ley de Principios del Movimiento Nacional (1958), and Ley Orgánica del Estado (1967).

The Law for Political Reform (Ley de Reforma Política) of 1977, last of the Fundamental Laws and passed after Franco's death, started the Spanish transition to democracy.

Constitution of 1978

1978–present

Constitutional monarchy

Parliamentary democracy with bicameral, elective parliament.

Currently in force, though talks for reform are common in Spanish politics.

First in Spanish constitutional history not to grant any emergency power (i.e. sacking the PM, dissolving the Cortes) to the Head of State.

With reference to the table in the article 'constitutions of spain' (section ''), choose the correct column type(s) for the highlighted column using this list of possible types: meteorology.tropical_cyclone, government.u_s_congressperson, computer.software_license, automotive.company, film.director, film.film_festival_focus, business.consumer_company, biology.organism_classification, military.armed_force, location.location, metropolitan_transit.transit_system, location.us_county, internet.website, basketball.basketball_player, sports.cyclist, music.producer, government.legislative_session, broadcast.tv_channel, transportation.road, time.recurring_event, government.politician, fictional_universe.fictional_organization, music.group_member, biology.animal, book.periodical_publisher, chess.chess_player, government.us_president, film.actor, book.magazine, sports.professional_sports_team, tv.tv_writer, olympics.olympic_games, business.industry, military.military_person, music.writer, ice_hockey.hockey_position, music.instrument, education.school, visual_art.visual_artist, amusement_parks.ride, architecture.structure, award.competition, award.award, location.citytown, tennis.tennis_tournament, education.fraternity_sorority, broadcast.tv_station, film.producer, business.customer, business.job_title, cvg.computer_videogame, tv.tv_series_season, basketball.basketball_conference, book.book, american_football.football_player, sports.sport, government.election_campaign, sports.multi_event_tournament, music.media_format, award.award_ceremony, geography.mountain, media_common.media_genre, architecture.venue, religion.religious_leader, location.uk_constituent_country, film.film_character, location.australian_state, architecture.building, cvg.cvg_developer, book.written_work, music.genre, business.business_operation, sports.golfer, tv.tv_program, biology.organism, cricket.cricket_team, location.us_state, medicine.muscle, government.election, boats.ship_type, aviation.aircraft_model, tv.tv_character, soccer.fifa, music.album, language.human_language, finance.currency, film.writer, tv.tv_series_episode, book.periodical_subject, education.educational_institution, theater.play, computer.software, exhibitions.exhibition_sponsor, sports.boxer, broadcast.radio_station, rail.locomotive_class, metropolitan_transit.transit_stop, tv.tv_network, broadcast.broadcast, location.australian_local_government_area, cricket.cricket_player, spaceflight.astronaut, chemistry.chemical_compound, astronomy.constellation, boats.ship_class, medicine.drug, aviation.aircraft_owner, tv.tv_actor, royalty.monarch, sports.sports_league_season, basketball.basketball_coach, government.government_office_or_title, music.composition, award.award_presenting_organization, automotive.model, film.film_distributor, location.in_district, comic_books.comic_book_character, military.military_conflict, location.hud_county_place, government.government_agency, broadcast.radio_format, business.defunct_company, film.film_genre, geography.body_of_water, location.administrative_division, people.ethnicity, computer.operating_system, time.event, location.province, location.capital_of_administrative_division, computer.computer, olympics.olympic_event_competition, law.legal_case, music.music_video_director, business.product_category, education.field_of_study, sports.tournament_event_competition, ice_hockey.hockey_team, baseball.baseball_player, organization.membership_organization, royalty.chivalric_order_member, location.jp_prefecture, soccer.football_league_season, architecture.architectural_structure_owner, organization.non_profit_organization, film.music_contributor, baseball.baseball_team, education.athletics_brand, military.military_post, law.invention, music.musical_scale, location.uk_statistical_location, sports.sports_championship_event, sports.sports_team, education.university, sports.sports_league, military.military_unit, business.brand, geography.river, government.general_election, tv.tv_personality, tv.tv_program_creator, soccer.football_team_manager, business.consumer_product, soccer.football_position, location.country, music.record_label, sports.sports_facility, sports.sports_league_draft, religion.religion, broadcast.artist, american_football.football_team, book.newspaper, baseball.baseball_position, people.person, meteorology.tropical_cyclone_season, boats.ship, tennis.tennis_tournament_champion, cvg.cvg_genre, medicine.drug_ingredient, tv.tv_director, metropolitan_transit.transit_line, astronomy.star_system_body, aviation.airline, soccer.football_team, tennis.tennis_player, book.periodical, astronomy.asteroid, baseball.baseball_league, law.court, sports.sports_championship, medicine.medical_treatment, location.region, celebrities.celebrity, sports.school_sports_team, award.recurring_competition, medicine.disease, soccer.football_award, cvg.cvg_platform, ice_hockey.hockey_player, organization.organization, american_football.football_conference, astronomy.orbital_relationship, martial_arts.martial_artist, astronomy.astronomical_discovery, royalty.noble_title, cvg.cvg_publisher, music.composer, sports.sports_position, music.musical_group, education.educational_degree, astronomy.celestial_object, aviation.airport, music.performance_role, soccer.football_player, tv.tv_producer, people.family_member, royalty.kingdom, american_football.football_coach, military.rank, internet.website_owner, soccer.football_league, food.food, chemistry.chemical_element, sports.sports_award_winner, soccer.football_world_cup, basketball.basketball_position, sports.sports_award_type, broadcast.genre, award.hall_of_fame_inductee, award.award_discipline, location.in_state, cricket.cricket_stadium, interests.collection_category, music.artist, travel.accommodation, tv.tv_genre, protected_sites.listed_site, award.award_category, cricket.cricket_bowler, government.political_party, theater.theater_actor, music.lyricist, film.film, film.production_company, medicine.anatomical_structure, fictional_universe.fictional_character, royalty.noble_person, government.governmental_body, amusement_parks.park, basketball.basketball_team, geography.island, book.author, sports.pro_athlete. Return the selected type name(s) only, comma-separated when necessary, in the list of this JSON object {"answer": ["ANSWER"]}.

{"answer": ["people.person"]}