list of former united states citizens who relinquished their nationality
relinquished and then regained citizenship
Table:
Name

Occupation

U.S. citizenship

Other citizenships

Description

Year emigrated

Year relinquished

Federal Register

William Fessenden Allen

Businessman

Jus soli

Kingdom of Hawaii

Allen, a native of Bangor, Maine, accompanied his father to Hawaii in 1850 when the latter was appointed U.S. consul there.[313][314] He renounced U.S. citizenship to become a subject of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1860.[315] After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, Allen served in the government of the new Republic of Hawaii, promoting the annexation of the country by the United States in 1898.[316][317] He died in 1906.[313]

1850

1860

Too early

Hope Cooke

Royalty

Jus soli

Sikkim

Cooke, a native of San Francisco, met Crown Prince of Sikkim Palden Thondup Namgyal while in Darjeeling in 1959, and became engaged to him in 1961.[318] She renounced citizenship on March 25, 1963, five days after their wedding, as required by Sikkim's law and to demonstrate to the people of her new home that she was not "an American arm in the Himalayas".[319][320] After her husband was deposed, she returned to the U.S. with her children and lobbied Congress for the restoration of her citizenship, but a 1976 private bill to this end faced objections from the Senate and had to be watered down to grant her only a green card.[321][322] By 1981, she had regained U.S. citizenship.[323]

1960s

Mar 25, 1963

Too early

Hiroshi Kashiwagi

Writer

Jus soli

Japan

Kashiwagi was born in Sacramento, California to Japanese immigrant parents. Interned due to his ethnicity along with his family during World War II, he renounced U.S. citizenship under the Renunciation Act of 1944, stating "My position was this — why was I, an American citizen, thrown in prison without cause, without due process? Why were they questioning my loyalty?" He regained citizenship in 1959 through the efforts of civil rights lawyer Wayne M. Collins.[324][325]

N/A

1944

Too early

Juan Mari Brás

Activist

Jus soli

Puerto Rico

Mari Brás, a native of Puerto Rico and an advocate for its independence, renounced U.S. citizenship in Venezuela in 1994 and received a Certificate of Loss of Nationality; he then returned to Puerto Rico. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico held in 1997 that he still had the right to vote in elections there.[326] However, in 1998, the State Department reversed its earlier recognition of Mari Brás' renunciation, and stated that he remained a U.S. citizen.[327]

N/A

1994

No

Joel Slater

Activist

Jus soli

None

Waterloo, Iowa native who renounced U.S. citizenship in 1987 in Perth, Australia in protest over the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration, in particular the 1986 bombing of Libya.[328]

N/A

1987

Too early

Elizabeth Taylor

Actor

Jus sanguinis

United Kingdom

Taylor was born in London to American parents in 1932. In October 1965, she signed an oath of renunciation at the U.S. Embassy in Paris, but with the phrase "abjure all allegiance and fidelity to the United States" struck out. State Department officials declared that her renunciation was invalid due to the alteration. Taylor signed another oath without the alteration in October 1966.[329] She applied for U.S. citizenship again in 1977 during then-husband John Warner's Senate campaign.[330][331]

?

Oct 1966

Too early

Considering the table from the Wikipedia page 'list of former united states citizens who relinquished their nationality' (section 'relinquished and then regained citizenship'), determine the column type(s) that best describe the highlighted column using this list of possible types: chess.chess_player, military.rank, biology.organism, internet.website, spaceflight.astronaut, sports.school_sports_team, computer.operating_system, education.fraternity_sorority, tv.tv_writer, comic_books.comic_book_character, aviation.aircraft_model, computer.software_license, boats.ship_type, location.country, religion.religion, music.musical_group, exhibitions.exhibition_sponsor, government.governmental_body, chemistry.chemical_compound, geography.island, location.australian_local_government_area, award.hall_of_fame_inductee, rail.locomotive_class, music.instrument, education.educational_degree, music.artist, book.magazine, tv.tv_personality, royalty.noble_title, sports.sports_league_draft, geography.river, award.competition, royalty.chivalric_order_member, location.uk_constituent_country, astronomy.constellation, book.periodical_subject, sports.sports_award_type, location.australian_state, government.us_president, cvg.cvg_publisher, cricket.cricket_bowler, aviation.airline, medicine.medical_treatment, location.region, law.legal_case, location.in_district, tv.tv_producer, location.administrative_division, boats.ship, film.director, ice_hockey.hockey_player, film.film_genre, metropolitan_transit.transit_stop, location.us_state, medicine.disease, film.film, government.government_office_or_title, cvg.cvg_platform, soccer.football_player, ice_hockey.hockey_position, american_football.football_player, business.consumer_product, metropolitan_transit.transit_system, sports.tournament_event_competition, film.film_distributor, business.brand, baseball.baseball_position, metropolitan_transit.transit_line, location.capital_of_administrative_division, tv.tv_director, music.composition, astronomy.astronomical_discovery, computer.computer, sports.sports_championship, government.politician, amusement_parks.park, business.business_operation, film.film_character, soccer.football_team, fictional_universe.fictional_character, book.periodical_publisher, travel.accommodation, military.military_post, cricket.cricket_stadium, soccer.football_league_season, soccer.football_league, cvg.cvg_developer, basketball.basketball_coach, automotive.model, biology.organism_classification, broadcast.tv_station, soccer.fifa, cricket.cricket_team, music.lyricist, book.newspaper, tv.tv_character, amusement_parks.ride, sports.sports_league, military.military_person, music.musical_scale, award.award_ceremony, film.music_contributor, location.province, music.album, cricket.cricket_player, film.producer, book.written_work, soccer.football_award, medicine.drug_ingredient, sports.cyclist, award.award_discipline, location.uk_statistical_location, meteorology.tropical_cyclone_season, organization.membership_organization, time.event, sports.boxer, broadcast.genre, aviation.aircraft_owner, location.in_state, boats.ship_class, government.government_agency, sports.sports_league_season, music.composer, astronomy.asteroid, medicine.muscle, astronomy.celestial_object, basketball.basketball_conference, aviation.airport, business.industry, theater.play, baseball.baseball_league, fictional_universe.fictional_organization, broadcast.radio_station, soccer.football_team_manager, education.educational_institution, tennis.tennis_tournament, media_common.media_genre, religion.religious_leader, music.writer, business.product_category, people.ethnicity, royalty.noble_person, film.writer, architecture.structure, broadcast.tv_channel, sports.sports_facility, tennis.tennis_player, american_football.football_conference, transportation.road, baseball.baseball_player, tv.tv_series_episode, sports.sport, basketball.basketball_position, sports.professional_sports_team, tv.tv_program, music.group_member, astronomy.star_system_body, time.recurring_event, sports.multi_event_tournament, geography.mountain, music.record_label, government.u_s_congressperson, basketball.basketball_team, tv.tv_genre, music.genre, award.award_category, education.university, olympics.olympic_games, people.family_member, sports.sports_position, royalty.kingdom, medicine.drug, theater.theater_actor, business.customer, location.hud_county_place, martial_arts.martial_artist, computer.software, interests.collection_category, chemistry.chemical_element, film.actor, government.general_election, royalty.monarch, celebrities.celebrity, government.political_party, geography.body_of_water, medicine.anatomical_structure, finance.currency, cvg.cvg_genre, meteorology.tropical_cyclone, architecture.venue, business.job_title, education.field_of_study, business.defunct_company, architecture.building, education.athletics_brand, language.human_language, business.consumer_company, book.book, protected_sites.listed_site, baseball.baseball_team, organization.organization, military.military_conflict, book.periodical, broadcast.radio_format, film.production_company, government.election, architecture.architectural_structure_owner, award.award_presenting_organization, law.court, soccer.football_position, music.media_format, military.military_unit, government.election_campaign, sports.sports_award_winner, music.producer, award.award, organization.non_profit_organization, american_football.football_coach, tv.tv_network, music.performance_role, law.invention, sports.golfer, broadcast.artist, broadcast.broadcast, location.us_county, location.location, internet.website_owner, book.author, olympics.olympic_event_competition, tv.tv_series_season, basketball.basketball_player, visual_art.visual_artist, cvg.computer_videogame, music.music_video_director, location.jp_prefecture, tennis.tennis_tournament_champion, military.armed_force, tv.tv_program_creator, government.legislative_session, automotive.company, ice_hockey.hockey_team, award.recurring_competition, sports.sports_team, film.film_festival_focus, soccer.football_world_cup, sports.sports_championship_event, people.person, tv.tv_actor, american_football.football_team, biology.animal, sports.pro_athlete, location.citytown, food.food, astronomy.orbital_relationship, education.school. Give your final answer with the correct type(s), comma-separated if there are multiple, in the list of the following object {"answer": ["ANSWER"]}.

{"answer": ["location.location"]}