decolonization of africa
timeline
Table:
Country[3]

Colonial name

Colonial power[4]

Independence date[5]

First head of state

Independence won through

Liberia

Commonwealth of Liberia

American Colonization Society

July 26, 1847

Joseph Jenkins Roberts

Liberian Declaration of Independence

Ethiopia

Italian East Africa

Italy; United Kingdom

19 December 1944

Haile Selassie I

Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement

Libya

Italian Libya; Allied Military Administration

Italy; United Kingdom/France

December 24, 1951

King Idris I

Western Desert Campaign

Egypt

British Egypt

United Kingdom

1922/1936/1952[6]

Sarwat Pasha, Farouk,

1952 Egyptian revolution[6]

Sudan

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

United Kingdom[9]

1 January 1956

Ismail al-Azhari

Condominium ended

Tunisia

French protectorate of Tunisia

France

March 20, 1956

Muhammad VIII al-Amin

-

Morocco

Protectorate of Morocco

France & Spain

April 7, 1956[10]

Mohammed V

Rif War, Ifni War

Ghana

Gold Coast

United Kingdom & Germany;[11] Britain

March 6, 1957

Kwame Nkrumah

-

Guinea

French Guinea (part of French West Africa)

France

October 2, 1958

Sékou Touré

-

Cameroon

Cameroun

Germany; France & United Kingdom

January 1, 1960[12]

Ahmadou Ahidjo

UPC rebellion

Togo

French Togoland

Germany; France

April 27, 1960

Sylvanus Olympio

-

Mali

French Sudan (part of French West Africa)

France

June 20, 1960[13]

Modibo Keita

-

Senegal

part of French West Africa

France

June 20, 1960[13]

Léopold Senghor

-

Madagascar

Malagasy Protectorate

France

June 26, 1960

Philibert Tsiranana

Malagasy Uprising

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Belgian Congo

Belgium

June 30, 1960

Patrice Lumumba

Congo Crisis

Somalia[14]

British Somaliland
Italian Somaliland

United Kingdom
Italy

June 26, 1960
July 1, 1960

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
Aden Abdullah Osman Daar

-
-

Benin

French Dahomey (part of French West Africa)

France

August 1, 1960[15]

Hubert Maga

-

Niger

Colony of Niger (part of French West Africa)

France

August 3, 1960

Hamani Diori

-

Burkina Faso

French Upper Volta (part of French West Africa)

France

August 5, 1960

Maurice Yaméogo

-

Côte d'Ivoire

Ivory Coast (part of French West Africa)

France

August 7, 1960

Félix Houphouët-Boigny

-

Chad

French Chad (part of French Equatorial Africa)

France

August 11, 1960

François Tombalbaye

-

Central African Republic

Ubangi-Shari (part of French Equatorial Africa)

France

August 13, 1960

David Dacko

-

Republic of the Congo

French Congo (part of French Equatorial Africa)

France

August 15, 1960

Fulbert Youlou

-

Gabon

part of French Equatorial Africa

France

August 17, 1960

Léon M'ba

Nigeria

British Nigeria

United Kingdom

October 1, 1960 [16]

Nnamdi Azikiwe

-

Mauritania

part of French West Africa

France

November 28, 1960

Moktar Ould Daddah

-

Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone

United Kingdom

April 27, 1961

Milton Margai

-

South Africa

Union of South Africa

United Kingdom

1910/1931/1961[17]

James Barry Munnik Hertzog

-

Tanzania[18]

Tanganyika
Zanzibar

Germany; United Kingdom
United Kingdom

December 9, 1961
December 10, 1963

Julius Nyerere
Jamshid ibn Abdullah

-
-

Rwanda

part of Ruanda-Urundi

Germany; Belgium

July 1, 1962

Grégoire Kayibanda

- [19]

Burundi

part of Ruanda-Urundi

Germany; Belgium

July 1, 1962

André Muhirwa

-

Algeria

French Algeria

France

July 3, 1962

Ahmed Ben Bella

Algerian War of Independence

Uganda

Uganda Protectorate

United Kingdom

October 9, 1962

Milton Obote

-

Kenya

Kenya Colony

United Kingdom

December 12, 1963

Jomo Kenyatta

Mau Mau Uprising

Malawi

Nyasaland Protectorate

United Kingdom

July 6, 1964

Hastings Kamuzu Banda

-

Zambia

Northern Rhodesia

United Kingdom

October 24, 1964

Kenneth Kaunda

-

The Gambia

Gambia

United Kingdom

February 18, 1965

Dawda Kairaba Jawara

-

Botswana

Bechuanaland Protectorate

United Kingdom

September 30, 1966

Seretse Khama

-

Lesotho

Basutoland

United Kingdom

October 4, 1966

Leabua Jonathan

-

Namibia

South West Africa

Germany; South Africa

October 27, 1966[20]

Sam Nujoma

Namibian War of Independence

Mauritius

United Kingdom

March 12, 1968

-

Swaziland

Swaziland

United Kingdom

September 6, 1968

Sobhuza II

-

Equatorial Guinea

Spanish Guinea

Spain

October 12, 1968

Francisco Macías Nguema

-

Guinea-Bissau

Portuguese Guinea

Portugal

September 24, 1973

Luís Cabral

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence/Portuguese Colonial War

Mozambique

Portuguese East Africa

Portugal

June 25, 1975

Samora Machel

Mozambican War of Independence/Portuguese Colonial War

Cape Verde

Portugal

July 5, 1975

influenced by Guinea-Bissau War of Independence

Comoros

French Madagascar, French Comoros

France, Madagascar

July 6, 1975

-

São Tomé and Príncipe

Portugal

July 12, 1975

-

Angola

Portuguese West Africa

Portugal

November 11, 1975

Agostinho Neto

Angolan War of Independence/Portuguese Colonial War

Seychelles

United Kingdom

June 29, 1976

James Richard Marie Mancham

-

Djibouti

French Somaliland

France

June 27, 1977

Hassan Gouled Aptidon

-

Zimbabwe

Southern Rhodesia

United Kingdom

April 18, 1980[21]

Canaan Banana

Lancaster House Agreement

Eritrea

Eritrea

Italy; Britain; Ethiopia

May 24, 1993

Isaias Afewerki(incumbent)

Eritrean War of Independence

South Sudan

Southern Sudan

United Kingdom; Sudan

July 9, 2011

Salva Kiir Mayardit

Sudanese Civil War

Sahrawi Republic[23]

Spanish Sahara;
Moroccan Sahara

Spain;
Morocco

February 27, 1976;
Independence not effectuated over most of the territory

El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed;
Mohamed Abdelaziz

Western Sahara War;
Saharawi Intifada

In the table of the article 'decolonization of africa' (section 'timeline'), identify the correct column type labels for the highlighted column from the following candidates: location.hud_county_place, film.film_festival_focus, award.award_discipline, baseball.baseball_team, location.capital_of_administrative_division, broadcast.artist, location.uk_constituent_country, medicine.drug, architecture.venue, religion.religious_leader, government.political_party, cvg.cvg_genre, government.election, book.book, basketball.basketball_position, location.region, medicine.drug_ingredient, military.military_conflict, sports.sports_championship, american_football.football_team, broadcast.genre, location.australian_state, book.periodical_publisher, sports.sports_league_season, tv.tv_network, sports.sports_position, internet.website_owner, education.educational_degree, soccer.football_team_manager, tv.tv_actor, sports.professional_sports_team, cvg.cvg_publisher, soccer.football_player, book.magazine, fictional_universe.fictional_organization, military.military_person, ice_hockey.hockey_player, book.written_work, tv.tv_program, book.periodical, astronomy.constellation, baseball.baseball_position, soccer.football_league_season, location.us_county, people.family_member, tv.tv_genre, government.election_campaign, broadcast.broadcast, film.production_company, law.invention, geography.mountain, spaceflight.astronaut, architecture.architectural_structure_owner, metropolitan_transit.transit_system, transportation.road, government.general_election, music.record_label, boats.ship_class, tv.tv_series_episode, astronomy.star_system_body, astronomy.orbital_relationship, award.award_presenting_organization, royalty.noble_person, sports.sport, aviation.airport, time.event, location.citytown, computer.software, music.musical_scale, astronomy.astronomical_discovery, film.film, biology.organism, olympics.olympic_event_competition, film.actor, business.consumer_company, education.athletics_brand, law.legal_case, tennis.tennis_tournament, people.person, soccer.football_team, music.performance_role, film.director, tv.tv_personality, sports.school_sports_team, business.defunct_company, sports.multi_event_tournament, chemistry.chemical_compound, sports.sports_league, language.human_language, soccer.football_world_cup, business.consumer_product, medicine.muscle, broadcast.radio_format, music.lyricist, location.in_state, broadcast.radio_station, food.food, music.composer, music.music_video_director, ice_hockey.hockey_team, soccer.football_league, sports.cyclist, amusement_parks.ride, ice_hockey.hockey_position, education.university, cricket.cricket_team, internet.website, amusement_parks.park, metropolitan_transit.transit_stop, sports.golfer, sports.tournament_event_competition, music.genre, military.rank, american_football.football_conference, business.job_title, media_common.media_genre, location.uk_statistical_location, business.business_operation, basketball.basketball_player, geography.island, aviation.aircraft_model, geography.river, location.australian_local_government_area, computer.software_license, biology.organism_classification, cvg.cvg_platform, music.album, business.brand, tv.tv_character, music.musical_group, government.government_agency, sports.sports_award_winner, exhibitions.exhibition_sponsor, boats.ship_type, music.artist, tennis.tennis_player, sports.sports_award_type, government.governmental_body, automotive.model, location.country, organization.organization, meteorology.tropical_cyclone_season, business.customer, tv.tv_director, music.composition, american_football.football_player, location.administrative_division, sports.pro_athlete, award.hall_of_fame_inductee, computer.computer, travel.accommodation, basketball.basketball_conference, religion.religion, fictional_universe.fictional_character, aviation.airline, film.film_character, organization.membership_organization, sports.boxer, law.court, royalty.chivalric_order_member, time.recurring_event, astronomy.celestial_object, music.media_format, aviation.aircraft_owner, martial_arts.martial_artist, royalty.monarch, metropolitan_transit.transit_line, biology.animal, baseball.baseball_league, military.armed_force, education.educational_institution, meteorology.tropical_cyclone, music.writer, computer.operating_system, baseball.baseball_player, architecture.building, cricket.cricket_bowler, royalty.kingdom, tv.tv_series_season, film.film_distributor, film.music_contributor, interests.collection_category, award.award_category, award.recurring_competition, organization.non_profit_organization, cvg.cvg_developer, olympics.olympic_games, film.producer, cvg.computer_videogame, location.location, location.in_district, soccer.football_position, tennis.tennis_tournament_champion, theater.theater_actor, automotive.company, film.writer, tv.tv_producer, visual_art.visual_artist, education.school, geography.body_of_water, education.field_of_study, astronomy.asteroid, business.product_category, cricket.cricket_stadium, government.u_s_congressperson, people.ethnicity, american_football.football_coach, chess.chess_player, medicine.disease, music.instrument, basketball.basketball_coach, book.newspaper, military.military_post, location.province, government.legislative_session, book.author, tv.tv_writer, sports.sports_league_draft, film.film_genre, cricket.cricket_player, award.award, military.military_unit, boats.ship, chemistry.chemical_element, broadcast.tv_station, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine.medical_treatment, education.fraternity_sorority, soccer.fifa, protected_sites.listed_site, business.industry, royalty.noble_title, music.producer, celebrities.celebrity, tv.tv_program_creator, basketball.basketball_team, sports.sports_facility, finance.currency, book.periodical_subject, theater.play, award.award_ceremony, music.group_member, soccer.football_award, award.competition, sports.sports_team, government.government_office_or_title, comic_books.comic_book_character, government.politician, broadcast.tv_channel, government.us_president, location.us_state, architecture.structure, sports.sports_championship_event, rail.locomotive_class, location.jp_prefecture. Output just the chosen type(s) (comma-separate multiple values) inside the list of {"answer": ["ANSWER"]}.

{"answer": ["people.person"]}