dietary mineral
essential chemical elements for mammals
Table:
Dietary element

RDA/AI (mg)

Description

Category

High nutrient density
dietary sources

Insufficiency

Excess

Potassium

04700.0004700 mg

Quantity

is a systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with sodium.

Legumes, potato skin, tomatoes, bananas, papayas, lentils, dry beans, whole grains, avocados, yams, soybeans, spinach, chard, sweet potato, turmeric.[3][4]

hypokalemia

hyperkalemia

Chlorine

02300.0002300 mg

Quantity

is needed for production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and in cellular pump functions.

Table salt (sodium chloride) is the main dietary source.

hypochloremia

hyperchloremia

Sodium

01500.0001500 mg

Quantity

is a systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with potassium.

Table salt (sodium chloride, the main source), sea vegetables, milk, and spinach.

hyponatremia

hypernatremia

Calcium

01300.0001300 mg

Quantity

is needed for muscle, heart and digestive system health, builds bone, supports synthesis and function of blood cells.

Dairy products, eggs, canned fish with bones (salmon, sardines), green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, tofu, thyme, oregano, dill, cinnamon.[3]

hypocalcaemia

hypercalcaemia

Phosphorus

00700.000700 mg

Quantity

is a component of bones (see apatite), cells, in energy processing and many other functions.

Red meat, dairy foods, fish, poultry, bread, rice, oats.[5][6] In biological contexts, usually seen as phosphate.[7]

hypophosphatemia

hyperphosphatemia

Magnesium

00420.000420 mg

Quantity

is required for processing ATP and for bones.

Raw nuts, soy beans, cocoa mass, spinach, chard, sea vegetables, tomatoes, halibut, beans, ginger, cumin, cloves.[8]

hypomagnesemia,
magnesium deficiency

hypermagnesemia

Zinc

00011.00011 mg

Trace

is pervasive and required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase.

Calf liver, eggs, dry beans, mushrooms, spinach, asparagus, scallops, red meat, green peas, yogurt, oats, seeds, miso.[3][9]

zinc deficiency

zinc toxicity

Iron

00018.00018 mg

Trace

is required for many proteins and enzymes, notably hemoglobin to prevent anemia.

Red meat, fish (tuna, salmon), grains, dry beans, eggs, spinach, chard, turmeric, cumin, parsley, lentils, tofu, asparagus, leafy green vegetables, soybeans, shrimp, beans, tomatoes, olives, and dried fruit.[3][10]

anemia

iron overload disorder

Manganese

00002.3002.3 mg

Trace

is a cofactor in enzyme functions.

Spelt grain, brown rice, beans, spinach, pineapple, tempeh, rye, soybeans, thyme, raspberries, strawberries, garlic, squash, eggplant, cloves, cinnamon, turmeric.[11]

manganese deficiency

manganism

Copper

Main article: Copper in health

00000.9000.900 mg

Trace

is required component of many redox enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase.

Mushrooms, spinach, greens, seeds, raw cashews, raw walnuts, tempeh, barley.[12]

copper deficiency

copper toxicity

Iodine

00000.1500.150 mg

Trace

is required not only for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine and to prevent goiter, but also, probably as an antioxidant, for extrathyroidal organs as mammary and salivary glands and for gastric mucosa and immune system (thymus):

Iodine in biology

Sea vegetables, iodized salt, eggs. Alternate but inconsistent sources of iodine: strawberries, mozzarella cheese, yogurt, milk, fish, shellfish.[13]

iodine deficiency

iodism

Selenium

00000.0550.055 mg

Trace

a cofactor essential to activity of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase.

Brazil nuts, cold water wild fish (cod, halibut, salmon), tuna, lamb, turkey, calf liver, mustard, mushrooms, barley, cheese, garlic, tofu, seeds.[14]

selenium deficiency

selenosis

Molybdenum

00000.0450.045 mg

Trace

the oxidases xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase.[15]

Tomatoes, onions, carrots.[16]

molybdenum deficiency

For the table found in 'dietary mineral' - "essential chemical elements for mammals" section, determine the column type(s) that best describe the highlighted column given the following type options: royalty.chivalric_order_member, cricket.cricket_bowler, location.uk_constituent_country, book.book, sports.sports_team, music.musical_scale, boats.ship, business.brand, american_football.football_team, cricket.cricket_player, cvg.computer_videogame, comic_books.comic_book_character, tv.tv_network, location.uk_statistical_location, american_football.football_player, medicine.muscle, film.actor, government.u_s_congressperson, location.us_state, sports.cyclist, location.location, tv.tv_program_creator, sports.sports_league_draft, computer.computer, military.rank, ice_hockey.hockey_player, celebrities.celebrity, broadcast.artist, biology.organism_classification, tv.tv_personality, biology.organism, broadcast.broadcast, sports.sports_championship, film.music_contributor, religion.religious_leader, government.us_president, exhibitions.exhibition_sponsor, media_common.media_genre, music.artist, music.musical_group, award.award_category, award.award_discipline, music.composition, education.educational_institution, cvg.cvg_publisher, astronomy.orbital_relationship, architecture.structure, people.person, tennis.tennis_player, location.region, sports.sport, broadcast.radio_format, soccer.football_league, location.in_district, location.hud_county_place, business.product_category, medicine.drug, tv.tv_actor, soccer.fifa, award.award, architecture.venue, sports.sports_facility, location.australian_state, aviation.aircraft_owner, baseball.baseball_league, book.author, royalty.monarch, theater.theater_actor, government.politician, geography.river, award.award_ceremony, olympics.olympic_event_competition, music.media_format, tv.tv_genre, broadcast.genre, military.military_unit, american_football.football_conference, cricket.cricket_team, location.administrative_division, medicine.disease, location.in_state, location.capital_of_administrative_division, education.field_of_study, award.award_presenting_organization, boats.ship_class, music.composer, location.province, sports.sports_award_type, award.recurring_competition, sports.professional_sports_team, soccer.football_player, business.job_title, soccer.football_team, film.film, theater.play, rail.locomotive_class, government.general_election, organization.membership_organization, book.newspaper, internet.website, chemistry.chemical_compound, education.school, book.magazine, broadcast.tv_channel, business.consumer_company, medicine.medical_treatment, music.producer, medicine.drug_ingredient, geography.mountain, metropolitan_transit.transit_system, computer.operating_system, time.event, people.ethnicity, biology.animal, visual_art.visual_artist, film.film_festival_focus, sports.school_sports_team, broadcast.radio_station, book.written_work, fictional_universe.fictional_character, sports.golfer, amusement_parks.ride, business.customer, astronomy.star_system_body, basketball.basketball_position, automotive.company, aviation.airline, law.legal_case, award.competition, film.film_character, sports.tournament_event_competition, metropolitan_transit.transit_stop, film.producer, astronomy.astronomical_discovery, cvg.cvg_genre, film.film_genre, book.periodical_subject, spaceflight.astronaut, amusement_parks.park, geography.body_of_water, organization.non_profit_organization, boats.ship_type, location.citytown, tv.tv_character, sports.boxer, book.periodical, basketball.basketball_player, film.film_distributor, tv.tv_series_season, government.election_campaign, computer.software_license, sports.sports_league_season, tv.tv_series_episode, education.fraternity_sorority, ice_hockey.hockey_position, internet.website_owner, tv.tv_producer, government.government_office_or_title, food.food, chess.chess_player, tv.tv_director, military.military_person, architecture.building, language.human_language, sports.sports_league, military.military_conflict, cricket.cricket_stadium, sports.sports_position, music.group_member, music.performance_role, baseball.baseball_player, basketball.basketball_conference, law.invention, soccer.football_position, business.consumer_product, olympics.olympic_games, travel.accommodation, aviation.aircraft_model, education.university, baseball.baseball_team, american_football.football_coach, location.australian_local_government_area, sports.multi_event_tournament, tennis.tennis_tournament, location.us_county, location.country, business.industry, film.writer, government.political_party, meteorology.tropical_cyclone, astronomy.constellation, tv.tv_program, baseball.baseball_position, metropolitan_transit.transit_line, basketball.basketball_coach, medicine.anatomical_structure, fictional_universe.fictional_organization, cvg.cvg_developer, business.business_operation, geography.island, architecture.architectural_structure_owner, music.music_video_director, organization.organization, education.athletics_brand, soccer.football_team_manager, meteorology.tropical_cyclone_season, government.election, government.legislative_session, business.defunct_company, automotive.model, military.armed_force, finance.currency, interests.collection_category, transportation.road, sports.sports_award_winner, computer.software, film.director, military.military_post, government.governmental_body, royalty.noble_title, ice_hockey.hockey_team, soccer.football_award, book.periodical_publisher, royalty.noble_person, education.educational_degree, film.production_company, location.jp_prefecture, soccer.football_world_cup, music.record_label, music.writer, martial_arts.martial_artist, astronomy.celestial_object, sports.sports_championship_event, music.instrument, cvg.cvg_platform, government.government_agency, aviation.airport, protected_sites.listed_site, tennis.tennis_tournament_champion, award.hall_of_fame_inductee, music.album, time.recurring_event, royalty.kingdom, astronomy.asteroid, music.lyricist, chemistry.chemical_element, tv.tv_writer, basketball.basketball_team, broadcast.tv_station, law.court, sports.pro_athlete, people.family_member, soccer.football_league_season, religion.religion, music.genre. Output just the chosen type(s) (comma-separate multiple values) inside the list of {"answer": ["ANSWER"]}.

{"answer": ["medicine.drug_ingredient", "chemistry.chemical_element"]}