James Buchanan Jr. (/bjuːˈkænən/; April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) served as the 15th president of the United States from 1857 to 1861, serving directly prior to the American Civil War. He would also be the last person born in the 18th century to serve as president. In his victory speech, Buchanan denounced Republicans, calling them a 'dangerous' and 'geographical' party that had unfairly attacked the South. Catherine Thompson, the wife of cabinet member Jacob Thompson, later noted that 'there was something unhealthy in the president's attitude.'
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