Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States (1861–1865). Lincoln led the nation through its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis in the American Civil War. He preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the U.S. economy. As a teen, Lincoln took responsibility for chores, and customarily gave his father all earnings from work outside the home until age 21. Lincoln was tall, strong, and athletic and became adept at using an ax. Exploiting his embellished frontier legend (clearing land and splitting fence rails), Lincoln's supporters adopted the label of 'The Rail Candidate'. In 1860, Lincoln described himself: 'I am in height, six feet, four inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weighing, on an average, one hundred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with coarse black hair, and gray eyes.'
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