Securing a position on entry as janitor, he was hired to teach while still a student. Garfield's major effort in the state senate was a bill providing for Ohio's first geological survey to measure its mineral resources, but it failed. After Abraham Lincoln's election as president, several Southern states announced their secession from the Union to form a new government, the Confederate States of America. Garfield read military texts while anxiously awaiting the war effort, which he regarded as a holy crusade against the Slave Power. Rutkow suggests that 'Garfield had such a nonlethal wound. In today's world, he would have gone home in a matter of two or three days.' The conventional narrative regarding James A. Garfield's post-shooting medical condition was challenged by Theodore Pappas and Shahrzad Joharifard in a 2013 article The American Journal of Surgery.
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