The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Scottish borders for herding livestock, especially sheep. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a rare but serious disease that is limited to show border collies. The mutation causing the form of the disease found in border collies was identified by Scott Melville in the laboratory of Dr. Alan Wilton of the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales. There is no treatment or cure, but a DNA test is now available to detect carriers as well as affected dogs. Other diseases found less commonly include juvenile cataracts, osteochondritis, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and canine cyclic neutropaenia, carpal soft-tissue injury. The name for the breed came from its probable place of origin along the Anglo-Scottish border. Mention of the 'collie' or 'colley' type first appeared toward the end of the 19th century, although the word 'collie' is older than this and has its origin in the Scots language.
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