The pressure of colliding plates raised the land to great heights, well above the glacially-carved peaks remaining in the park. Glacial scouring and erosion has diminished the size of Glacier's mountains over time. Mt. Cleveland is the park's tallest peak, listed at 10,466 feet (3,190 m), and more than one hundred other summits rise above 8,000 feet (2,438 m). Since the Laramide Orogeny, episodes of stretching and compression have caused ranges to rise and valleys to drop. One of the gentler folds, a shallow depression called the Akamina Syncline, has the two major ranges of Glacier at its upper edges. The Livingston Range lies in the park's northwest corner, trending northwest to southeast, and the parallel Lewis Range lies to the east of the Livingston Range. McDonald and Waterton Valleys formed in the bottom of the trough. Along the Flathead Fault, near the western park boundary, The stretching of the landscape caused land on the west side of the fault to separate and tilt. The resulting 'half-graben' trough is now occupied by the North and lower Middle Forks of the Flathead River.