Most of the land in eastern US has been logged or cultivated at some point in the recent past. America's Eastern Deciduous Forest once occupied about a million square miles most of which is now human dominated. The remaining lands have some disturbance (logging concessions, secondary forests on abandoned farm fields, etc.) and are often found in smaller fragments. In the NCRN, forests are typically surrounded by urban or agricultural areas. National Capital Inventory & Monitoring Network. Forest vegetation monitoring includes many individual measures. Within each plot trees, shrubs, vines, and specific herbaceous plants are identified to species. Individual trees and shrubs are tagged and recorded and trees are assessed for canopy class and their diameter measured at breast height. Any evidence of deer browse on trees or shrubs is noted. Seedlings are counted and cover of herbaceous plants is recorded in 12 small quadrats. Presence of targeted invasive exotic plants and targeted insect pests and pathogens is recorded. Coarse woody debris is measured along three transects.