allenai/ropes huggingface dataset:
Background: Shown in the Figure below is a cylinder of gas on the left that is at room temperature (300 K). On the right, the cylinder has been heated until the Kelvin temperature has doubled to 600 K. The kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases, so collisions with the walls of the container are now more forceful than they were before. As a result, the pressure of the gas doubles. Decreasing the temperature would have the opposite effect, and the pressure of an enclosed gas would decrease.

Situation: Carl works in a facility that keeps several gasses in tight containment units. He needs to monitor which gasses are under the most pressure for safety reasons. Each container has the same amount of gas in it. Containment Unit A is very hot to the touch, while Containment Unit B is cool to the touch.

Question: Which containment unit's gas is most likely under the most pressure?
Answer: Containment Unit A

Situation: Carl works in a facility that keeps several gasses in tight containment units. He needs to monitor which gasses are under the most pressure for safety reasons. Each container has the same amount of gas in it. Containment Unit A is very hot to the touch, while Containment Unit B is cool to the touch.

Question: Which containment unit's gas is most likely under the least pressure?
Answer: Containment Unit B

Situation: Carl works in a facility that keeps several gasses in tight containment units. He needs to monitor which gasses are under the most pressure for safety reasons. Each container has the same amount of gas in it. Containment Unit A is very hot to the touch, while Containment Unit B is cool to the touch.

Question: Is the gas in Containment Unit A under more or less pressure than Containment Unit B?
Answer: more

Situation: Carl works in a facility that keeps several gasses in tight containment units. He needs to monitor which gasses are under the most pressure for safety reasons. Each container has the same amount of gas in it. Containment Unit A is very hot to the touch, while Containment Unit B is cool to the touch.

Question: Is the gas in Containment Unit B under more or less pressure than Containment Unit A?
Answer: less

Situation: Carl works in a facility that keeps several gasses in tight containment units. He needs to monitor which gasses are under the most pressure for safety reasons. Each container has the same amount of gas in it. Containment Unit A is very hot to the touch, while Containment Unit B is cool to the touch.

Question: Which containment unit should Carl be concerned with if he wants them to be at a low pressure?
Answer: Containment Unit A
Background: Beginning in the late 1970’s, ozone depletion was recognized as a significant environmental issue. The most dramatic decrease in ozone occurs seasonally over the continent of Antarctica. The size and duration of the ozone hole steadily increased, with the largest hole recorded in 2006. Fortunately, most countries have recognized the danger of CFCs and dramatically curtailed their use in recent years. It is hoped that ozone depletion will slow and that the ozone layer may eventually be restored to its earlier levels.

Situation: Greg has been on an environmental awareness kick lately. He is trying to buy products that are good for the environment. While at the store, he stopped to look at some hair sprays. The Revlon brand he noticed has CFCs. The Sephora brand he noticed explicitly noted that it did not contain CFCs.

Question: Which hair spray brand should Greg buy to be environmentally friendly?
Answer: Sephora

Situation: Greg has been on an environmental awareness kick lately. He is trying to buy products that are good for the environment. While at the store, he stopped to look at some hair sprays. The Revlon brand he noticed has CFCs. The Sephora brand he noticed explicitly noted that it did not contain CFCs.

Question: Which hair spray brand should Greg avoid because it may do harm to the environment?
Answer: Revlon

Situation: Greg has been on an environmental awareness kick lately. He is trying to buy products that are good for the environment. While at the store, he stopped to look at some hair sprays. The Revlon brand he noticed has CFCs. The Sephora brand he noticed explicitly noted that it did not contain CFCs.

Question: Will Revlon brand be more or less environmentally friendly than Sephora brand hair spray?
Answer: less

Situation: Greg has been on an environmental awareness kick lately. He is trying to buy products that are good for the environment. While at the store, he stopped to look at some hair sprays. The Revlon brand he noticed has CFCs. The Sephora brand he noticed explicitly noted that it did not contain CFCs.

Question: Will Sephora brand be more or less environmentally friendly than Revlon brand hair spray?
Answer: more

Situation: Greg has been on an environmental awareness kick lately. He is trying to buy products that are good for the environment. While at the store, he stopped to look at some hair sprays. The Revlon brand he noticed has CFCs. The Sephora brand he noticed explicitly noted that it did not contain CFCs.

Question: Which brand of hair spray will most likely cause a depletion of the ozone?
Answer: Revlon
Background: Precipitation can impact infiltration in many ways. The amount, type and duration of precipitation all have an impact. Rainfall leads to faster infiltration rates than any other precipitation events, such as snow or sleet. In terms of amount, the more precipitation that occurs, the more infiltration will occur until the ground reaches saturation, at which point the infiltration capacity is reached. Duration of rainfall impacts the infiltration capacity as well. Initially when the precipitation event first starts the infiltration is occurring rapidly as the soil is unsaturated, but as time continues the infiltration rate slows as the soil becomes more saturated. This relationship between rainfall and infiltration capacity also determines how much runoff will occur. If rainfall occurs at a rate faster than the infiltration capacity runoff will occur.

Situation: Steve is planning on building his house and needs to decide on what area to build in. He wants an area with low infiltration of the soil. He has narrowed down his choices to Miami, which has heavy rainfalls, and no snow, and Green Bay, which has more snowfall than rainfall.

Question: Which city would likely have higher infiltration?
Answer: Miami

Situation: Steve is planning on building his house and needs to decide on what area to build in. He wants an area with low infiltration of the soil. He has narrowed down his choices to Miami, which has heavy rainfalls, and no snow, and Green Bay, which has more snowfall than rainfall.

Question: Which city would likely have lower infiltration?
Answer: Green Bay

Situation: Steve is planning on building his house and needs to decide on what area to build in. He wants an area with low infiltration of the soil. He has narrowed down his choices to Miami, which has heavy rainfalls, and no snow, and Green Bay, which has more snowfall than rainfall.

Question: Which city should Steve move to for his goal of low infiltration?
Answer: Green Bay

Situation: Steve is planning on building his house and needs to decide on what area to build in. He wants an area with low infiltration of the soil. He has narrowed down his choices to Miami, which has heavy rainfalls, and no snow, and Green Bay, which has more snowfall than rainfall.

Question: Which city should Steve avoid for his goal of low infiltration?
Answer: Miami
Background: Flywheel energy storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed, holding energy as rotational energy. When energy is extracted, the flywheel's rotational speed declines as a consequence of conservation of energy; adding energy correspondingly results in an increase in the speed of the flywheel.

Most FES systems use electricity to accelerate and decelerate the flywheel, but devices that directly use mechanical energy are under consideration.

Situation: Ben works with a flywheel, and has been instructed at various times to change the speeds based on certain conditions. He operates a device that gives or limits the flywheels energy by turning a crank left to give more energy, or right to decrease energy.

Question: Which way should Ben turn the crank to increase the flywheel speed?
Answer: left

Situation: Ben works with a flywheel, and has been instructed at various times to change the speeds based on certain conditions. He operates a device that gives or limits the flywheels energy by turning a crank left to give more energy, or right to decrease energy.

Question: Which way should Ben turn the crank to decrease the flywheel speed?
Answer: right

Situation: Ben works with a flywheel, and has been instructed at various times to change the speeds based on certain conditions. He operates a device that gives or limits the flywheels energy by turning a crank left to give more energy, or right to decrease energy.

Question: Will the flywheel go faster or slower if the crank is turned to the left?
Answer: faster

Situation: Ben works with a flywheel, and has been instructed at various times to change the speeds based on certain conditions. He operates a device that gives or limits the flywheels energy by turning a crank left to give more energy, or right to decrease energy.

Question: Will the flywheel go faster or slower if the crank is turned to the right?
Answer: slower
Background: Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.[2] By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of deleterious or recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.

Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by deleterious or recessive traits.[3] This usually leads to at least temporarily decreased biological fitness of a population[4][5] (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as inbred. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing.[6][7] Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits,[8] but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding depression. However increased homozygosity increases probability of fixing beneficial alleles and also slightly decreases probability of fixing deleterious alleles in population.[9] Inbreeding can result in purging of deleterious alleles from a population through purifying selection.[10][11][12]

Situation: Ralph owns a farm with a small population of cows on it. He needs to breed them to expand his population but is unsure how to do it. He finds out that most of his cows are closely related in some way and has a small amount of diversity. His friend from another farm however has a diverse set of cows and offers to help with Ralph's breeding problem for an extra cost.

Question: Will Ralph more than likely have better or worse results if he pays extra to have a diverse set of cows to breed with his own?
Answer: better

Situation: Ralph owns a farm with a small population of cows on it. He needs to breed them to expand his population but is unsure how to do it. He finds out that most of his cows are closely related in some way and has a small amount of diversity. His friend from another farm however has a diverse set of cows and offers to help with Ralph's breeding problem for an extra cost.

Question: If Ralph wants to avoid inbreeding, what solution should he go for in his breeding practices; use his own cows, or pay his friend for help?
Answer: pay his friend for help
Background: Turner et al (2006) derived crash prediction models for this report’s predecessor and found a
pronounced ‘safety in numbers’ effect in the models. Using the crash prediction model for mid-block
locations, generic motorist and cyclist volumes can be used to demonstrate the impacts on the
expected crash rate of varying motor vehicle and cycle volumes. As shown in figure 2.20, an increase
in the proportion of cyclists to the overall traffic volume causes an increase in expected crashes at
mid-block locations, but the crash rate increases at a decreasing rate. That is to say, the crash rate per
cyclist goes down as the cycle volume increases.

Situation: Steven loves biking to get to and from places instead of driving his car. This weekend he is planning a long bike ride along the city streets to see some sites. He is however, concerned with traffic, and knows that it can sometimes be dangerous. He has wonder if he should travel with some friends for the ride, or just go alone.

Question: Will Steven be more or less prone to a crash traveling alone than with friends?
Answer: more

Situation: Steven loves biking to get to and from places instead of driving his car. This weekend he is planning a long bike ride along the city streets to see some sites. He is however, concerned with traffic, and knows that it can sometimes be dangerous. He has wonder if he should travel with some friends for the ride, or just go alone.

Question: Will Steven be more or less prone to a crash traveling with friends than traveling alone?
Answer: less

Situation: Steven loves biking to get to and from places instead of driving his car. This weekend he is planning a long bike ride along the city streets to see some sites. He is however, concerned with traffic, and knows that it can sometimes be dangerous. He has wonder if he should travel with some friends for the ride, or just go alone.

Question: Which would be the least crash prone way to travel for Steven?
Answer: travel with some friends

Situation: Steven loves biking to get to and from places instead of driving his car. This weekend he is planning a long bike ride along the city streets to see some sites. He is however, concerned with traffic, and knows that it can sometimes be dangerous. He has wonder if he should travel with some friends for the ride, or just go alone.

Question: Which would be the most crash prone way to travel for Steven?
Answer: go alone
Background: Alkali, or Alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (> 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate, which causes the soil to swell[1] and difficult to clarify/settle. They derive their name from the alkali metal group of elements, to which sodium belongs, and which can induce basicity. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as alkaline sodic soils.
Alkaline soils are basic, but not all basic soils are alkaline.

Situation: Albert is planning on having a garden soon. He has done his research and find out that he cannot buy soil that is above a pH of seven. He sees several options for sale, including Alkali soil and a basic soil.

Question: Which soil should Albert avoid buying?
Answer: Alkali soil

Situation: Albert is planning on having a garden soon. He has done his research and find out that he cannot buy soil that is above a pH of seven. He sees several options for sale, including Alkali soil and a basic soil.

Question: Which soil should Albert avoid buying because of high pH value?
Answer: Alkali soil

Situation: Albert is planning on having a garden soon. He has done his research and find out that he cannot buy soil that is above a pH of seven. He sees several options for sale, including Alkali soil and a basic soil.

Question: Which soil most likely has a more favorable pH value for Albert's garden?
Answer: basic soil
Background: Artworks are sold at affordable prices [6] ranging from £5 to £1500. For many of the works, the price goes up as the edition sells out. The edition runs range from 30 to 10,000 editions. Each work comes with a digital certificate that is “signed, numbered and authenticated by the artist” [7][8] Once an edition is sold out, collectors can resell their works in the online marketplace.

Situation: Bill is an art aficionado. He is searching for some particular pieces to complete his collection. The Stillman edition he wants is still being sold on a normal marketplace, while the Grossman edition of pieces has sold out, and is only available  by private seller.

Question: Will the Stillman edition of art most likely cost more or less than the Grossman edition?
Answer: less

Situation: Bill is an art aficionado. He is searching for some particular pieces to complete his collection. The Stillman edition he wants is still being sold on a normal marketplace, while the Grossman edition of pieces has sold out, and is only available  by private seller.

Question: Will the Grossman edition of art most likely cost more or less than the Stillman edition?
Answer: more

Situation: Bill is an art aficionado. He is searching for some particular pieces to complete his collection. The Stillman edition he wants is still being sold on a normal marketplace, while the Grossman edition of pieces has sold out, and is only available  by private seller.

Question: If Bill wants to start by buying the cheapest editions, which collection should he pay for first?
Answer: Stillman edition

Situation: Bill is an art aficionado. He is searching for some particular pieces to complete his collection. The Stillman edition he wants is still being sold on a normal marketplace, while the Grossman edition of pieces has sold out, and is only available  by private seller.

Question: If Bill wants to start his collection by buying the most expensive editions, which should he buy first?
Answer: Grossman edition

Situation: Bill is an art aficionado. He is searching for some particular pieces to complete his collection. The Stillman edition he wants is still being sold on a normal marketplace, while the Grossman edition of pieces has sold out, and is only available  by private seller.

Question: As the Stillman edition sells out, will it become more or less expensive?
Answer: more

Situation: Bill is an art aficionado. He is searching for some particular pieces to complete his collection. The Stillman edition he wants is still being sold on a normal marketplace, while the Grossman edition of pieces has sold out, and is only available  by private seller.

Question: As more Grossman editions become available for sale will they become more or less expensive?
Answer: less
Background: The Laffer curve depicts the amount of government revenue as a function of the rate of taxation. It shows that for a tax rate above a certain critical rate, government revenue starts decreasing as the tax rate rises, as a consequence of a decline in labour supply. This theory supports that, if the tax rate is above that critical point, a decrease in the tax rate should imply a rise in labour supply that in turn would lead to an increase in government revenue.

Situation: Bill is a tax agent, and is writing some tax law and is trying to decide the best rate. He knows that the average tax rate is 20% currently, but is unsure if he should push it above 30%, which is a higher than nominal rate and hasn't been tested.

Question: Which tax rate will most likely lead to government revenues to decrease?
Answer: 30%

Situation: Bill is a tax agent, and is writing some tax law and is trying to decide the best rate. He knows that the average tax rate is 20% currently, but is unsure if he should push it above 30%, which is a higher than nominal rate and hasn't been tested.

Question: Which tax rate may lead to a decrease in labor supply?
Answer: 30%

Situation: Bill is a tax agent, and is writing some tax law and is trying to decide the best rate. He knows that the average tax rate is 20% currently, but is unsure if he should push it above 30%, which is a higher than nominal rate and hasn't been tested.

Question: Which tax rate would be more nominal for growth?
Answer: 20%

Situation: Bill is a tax agent, and is writing some tax law and is trying to decide the best rate. He knows that the average tax rate is 20% currently, but is unsure if he should push it above 30%, which is a higher than nominal rate and hasn't been tested.

Question: Will the 20% tax rate more than likely be more or less successful than the 30% tax rate?
Answer: more
Background: The example of someone having a positive experience with a drug is easy to see how drug dependence and the law of effect works. The tolerance for a drug goes up as one continues to use it after having a positive experience with a certain amount the first time.[38] It will take more and more to get that same feeling. This is when the controlled substance in an experiment would have to be modified and the experiment would really begin. The law of work for psychologist B. F. Skinner almost half a century later on the principles of operant conditioning, "a learning process by which the effect, or consequence, of a response influences the future rate of production of that response.[39]

Situation: James just tried heroin for the first time. He had a great time and felt like it was an amazing experience. He would like to feel this way again, and plans on buying some more soon.

Question: Will James need to buy more or less heroin to get the same effect?
Answer: more

Situation: James just tried heroin for the first time. He had a great time and felt like it was an amazing experience. He would like to feel this way again, and plans on buying some more soon.

Question: Will James tolerance for heroin increase or decrease as he uses more of it?
Answer: increase

Situation: James just tried heroin for the first time. He had a great time and felt like it was an amazing experience. He would like to feel this way again, and plans on buying some more soon.

Question: Will James first experience increase or decrease his dependence on heroin?
Answer: increase