Background: The brains of all mammals have a unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum. This layer is called the neocortex (the pink region of the brains in Figure above ). The neocortex plays an important role in many complex brain functions. In some mammals, such as rats, the neocortex is relatively smooth. In other mammals, especially humans, the neocortex has many folds. The folds increase the surface area of the neocortex. The larger this area is, the greater the mental abilities of an animal.

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned more about a unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned less about a unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum?
Answer: Reed

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned less about the neocortex?
Answer: Reed

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned more about the neocortex?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned more about many complex brain functions?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned less about many complex brain functions?
Answer: Reed

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned less about the human neocortex?
Answer: Reed

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned more about the human neocortex?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned more about the neocortex of rats?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians.

Question: Which student learned less about the neocortex of rats?
Answer: Reed

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied more about the neocortex?
Answer: Joe

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied less about the neocortex?
Answer: Nick

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied less about the smooth neocortex of rats?
Answer: Nick

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied more about the smooth neocortex of rats?
Answer: Joe

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied more about the human neocortex having many folds?
Answer: Joe

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied less about the human neocortex having many folds?
Answer: Nick

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied less about the mental abilities of an animal?
Answer: Nick

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied more about the mental abilities of an animal?
Answer: Joe

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied more about complex brain functions?
Answer: Joe

Situation: Two colleagues studied at the same university. Nick studied the brains of birds, while Joe studied the brains of mammals.

Question: Which colleague studied less about complex brain functions?
Answer: Nick