allenai/ropes huggingface dataset:
Background: At birth, a rattlesnake hatchling has only a small button or 'primordial rattle' which is firmly attached to the tip of the tail.[13] The first segment is added when the hatchling sheds its skin for the first time.[14] A new section is added each time the skin is shed until a rattle is formed. The rattle grows as the snake ages but segments are also prone to breaking off and hence the length of a rattle is not a reliable indicator of the age of a snake.[15]

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake was younger the second or the first snake Dan found?
Answer: the first

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake was younger the second or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: second

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake was younger the first or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: the first

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake had more rattles, the first or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: the third

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake had more rattles, the second or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: the third

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake was older, the first or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: the third

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake was older, the first or the second snake Dan found?
Answer: the second

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake had more segments, the first or the second snake Dan found?
Answer: the second

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake had more segments, the first or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: the third

Situation: Dan found three rattle snakes: one only had one rattle, the second snake had 4 rattles and the third snake had seven rattles on its tail.

Question: Which snake had more segments, the second or the third snake Dan found?
Answer: the third
Background: Wildfire intensity increases during daytime hours. For example, burn rates of smoldering logs are up to five times greater during the day because of lower humidity, increased temperatures, and increased wind speeds. Sunlight warms the ground during the day and causes air currents to travel uphill, and downhill during the night as the land cools. Wildfires are fanned by these winds and often follow the air currents over hills and through valleys. United States wildfire operations revolve around a 24-hour fire day that begins at 10:00 a.m. because of the predictable increase in intensity resulting from the daytime warmth.

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has higher burn rates?
Answer: Idaho

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has lower burn rates?
Answer: Utah

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has more smoldering logs?
Answer: Idaho

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has fewer smoldering logs?
Answer: Utah

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has more wildfires fanned by winds?
Answer: Idaho

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has fewer wildfires fanned by winds?
Answer: Utah

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has fewer wildfires resulting from the daytime warmth?
Answer: Utah

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has more wildfires resulting from the daytime warmth?
Answer: Idaho

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has more wildfires because of lower humidity during the day?
Answer: Idaho

Situation: Idaho and Utah had many wildfires. Idaho had more wildfires during the day, while Utah had wildfires occur at night.

Question: Which state has fewer wildfires because of lower humidity during the day?
Answer: Utah
Background: With shade applications, crops are purposely raised under tree canopies within the shady environment. The understory crops are shade tolerant or the overstory trees have fairly open canopies. A conspicuous example is shade-grown coffee. This practice reduces weeding costs and improves coffee quality and taste. The shade does not necessarily translate into lost or reduced yields. This is because the rate of photosynthesis hardly increases once the light intensity is over about one tenth that of direct overhead sunlight and declines with increasing light intensity. This means that shaded plants can grow well. Planting more than one level of vegetation can increase total photosynthesis and overall yields.

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm purposely raised coffee under tree canopies?
Answer: Valley

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm didn't grow coffee under tree canopies?
Answer: Hill

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm had more understory shade tolerant crops?
Answer: Valley

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm had fewer understory shade tolerant crops?
Answer: Hill

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm had fewer overstory trees with fairly open canopies?
Answer: Hill

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm had more overstory trees with fairly open canopies?
Answer: Valley

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm had lower weeding costs?
Answer: Valley

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm had higher weeding costs?
Answer: Hill

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm grew more coffee with improved quality?
Answer: Valley

Situation: Two coffee farms used different methods to grow coffee. Hill farm grown coffee conventionally, while Valley farm is into shade-grown coffee production.

Question: Which farm grew less coffee with improved quality?
Answer: Hill
Background: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by the presence of one or more extra copies of the X chromosome in a male's cells. Extra genetic material from the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development, preventing the testicles from functioning normally and reducing the levels of testosterone. Triple X syndrome (trisomy X) results from an extra copy of the X chromosome in each of a female's cells. Females with trisomy X have a lower IQ than their siblings. Turner syndrome results when each of a female's cells has one normal X chromosome and the other sex chromosome is missing or altered. The missing genetic material affects development and causes the characteristic features of the condition, including short stature and infertility.

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had one or more extra copies of the X chromosome in his cells?
Answer: Danny

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother didn't have any extra copies of the X chromosome in his cells?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother didn't have any interference from the extra copies of the X chromosome in his cells?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had interference from the extra copies of the X chromosome in his cells?
Answer: Danny

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had testicles that weren't functioning normally?
Answer: Danny

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had testicles that were functioning normally?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had reduced levels of testosterone?
Answer: Danny

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had normal levels of testosterone?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother had trisomy X?
Answer: Danny

Situation: Two brothers born three years apart were very different. Jim had no genetic abnormalities, while Danny had Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question: Which brother did not have trisomy X?
Answer: Jim
Background: When the temperature of reactants is higher, the rate of the reaction is faster. At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force. For example, when you fry an egg, turning up the heat causes the egg to cook faster. The same principle explains why storing food in a cold refrigerator reduces the rate at which food spoils (see Figure below ). Both food frying and food spoiling are chemical reactions that happen faster at higher temperatures.

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about a faster reaction rate?
Answer: Ned

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about a slower reaction rate?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about particles of reactants having more energy?
Answer: Ned

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about particles of reactants having less energy?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about particles of reactants moving faster?
Answer: Ned

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about particles of reactants moving slower?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about the heat causing the egg to cook faster?
Answer: Ned

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person didn't study about the heat causing the egg to cook faster?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person didn't study about how storing food in a cold refrigerator reduced the rate at which food spoiled?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.

Question: Which person studied about how storing food in a cold refrigerator reduced the rate at which food spoiled?
Answer: Ned
Background: Iron is first oxidized to iron(II) ions by oxygen. In the second step, the iron(II) ions are further oxidized and combine with water and oxygen gas to produce a hydrated form of iron(III) oxide known as rust. Rusting is one of many example of corrosion. Corrosion is the deterioration of metals by redox processes. Corrosion causes enormous amounts of damage to buildings, bridges, ships, cars, and other objects. It has been estimated that corrosion costs the U.S. economy over 100 billion dollars each year. A great amount of time and effort is spent to try to limit or prevent corrosion.

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had more problems with corrosion?
Answer: Bay

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had fewer problems with corrosion?
Answer: Dune

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had fewer problems with rusting?
Answer: Dune

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had more problems with rusting?
Answer: Bay

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had more damage to buildings because of corrosion?
Answer: Bay

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had less damage to buildings because of corrosion?
Answer: Dune

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had less damage to bridges because of corrosion?
Answer: Dune

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had more damage to bridges because of corrosion?
Answer: Bay

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had more damage to cars because of corrosion?
Answer: Bay

Situation: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain.

Question: Which city had less damage to cars because of corrosion?
Answer: Dune
Background: Protozoa generally feed by engulfing and digesting other organisms. As consumers, they have various roles in food chains and webs. Some are predators. They prey upon other single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. In fact, protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations under control. Other protozoa are herbivores. They graze on algae. Still others are decomposers. They consume dead organic matter. There are also parasitic protozoa that live in or on living hosts. For example, the protozoan that causes malaria lives inside a human host. Protozoa are also important food sources for many larger organisms, including insects and worms.

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed more engulfing and digesting of other organisms?
Answer: Class A

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed less engulfing and digesting of other organisms?
Answer: class B

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed fewer predator protozoa?
Answer: class B

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed more predator protozoa?
Answer: Class A

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed more protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations under control?
Answer: Class A

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed fewer protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations under control?
Answer: class B

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed fewer herbivore protozoa?
Answer: class B

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed more herbivore protozoa?
Answer: Class A

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed more parasitic protozoa?
Answer: Class A

Situation: The students studied two ponds. Class A studied a pond filled with protozoa, while class B studied a pond with almost no protozoa.

Question: Which class observed fewer parasitic protozoa?
Answer: class B
Background: Other pathogens spread when they get on objects or surfaces. A fungus may spread in this way. For example, you can pick up the fungus that causes athlete’s foot by wearing shoes that an infected person has worn. You can also pick up this fungus from the floor of a public shower or other damp areas. After acne, athlete’s foot is the most common skin disease in the United States. Therefore, the chance of coming in contact with the fungus in one of these ways is fairly high.

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother picked up the fungus from the floor of a public shower?
Answer: Tim

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother did not pick up the fungus from the floor of a public shower?
Answer: Dan

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother picked up the second most common skin disease in the US?
Answer: Tim

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother didn't pick up the second most common skin disease in the US?
Answer: Dan

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother might have worn shoes an infected person has worn?
Answer: Tim

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother didn't wear shoes an infected person has worn?
Answer: Dan

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother got athlete's foot from walking barefoot in damp areas?
Answer: Tim

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother didn't get athlete's foot from walking barefoot in damp areas?
Answer: Dan

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother was more exposed to the fungus?
Answer: Tim

Situation: Two brothers worked out a few times per week at the same gym. Tim got athlete's food from the gym, but Dan didn't.

Question: Which brother was less exposed to the fungus?
Answer: Dan