Background: Sometimes muscles and tendons get injured when a person starts doing an activity before they have warmed up properly. A warm up is a slow increase in the intensity of a physical activity that prepares muscles for an activity. Warming up increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate. Warmed-up muscles and tendons are less likely to get injured. For example, before running or playing soccer, a person might jog slowly to warm muscles and increase their heart rate. Even elite athletes need to warm up ( Figure below ).

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner has a higher chance of getting a muscle injury?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner has a lower chance of getting a muscle injury?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner has a lower chance of getting a tendon injury?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner has a greater chance of getting a tendon injury?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner did a slow increase in the intensity of a physical activity?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner didn't do a slow increase in the intensity of a physical activity?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner had an increased blood flow to the muscles?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner didn't have an increased blood flow to the muscles?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner didn't have an increased heart rate?
Answer: Jim

Situation: Tom and Jim go running together once a week. This week Jim skipped his warm up before exercising, because he was a bit late. Tom warmed up properly before running.

Question: Which runner had an increased heart rate?
Answer: Tom

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team experienced more tendon injuries?
Answer: Green

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team experienced fewer tendon injuries?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team experienced fewer muscle injuries?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team experienced more muscle injuries?
Answer: Green

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team experienced an increased heart rate?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team didn't experience an increased heart rate?
Answer: Green

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team didn't experience an increased blood flow to the muscles?
Answer: Green

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team experienced an increased blood flow to the muscles?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team had a greater chance of getting injuries?
Answer: Green

Situation: Two teams of athletes were attending a competition. Brown team arrived in time and started their warm up, but Green team arrived late and skipped their warm up so they experienced some people getting injured.

Question: Which team had a smaller chance of getting injuries?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group was more at risk for muscle injuries?
Answer: Red

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group was less at risk for muscle injuries?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group was less at risk for tendon injuries?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group was more at risk for tendon injuries?
Answer: Red

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group didn't do a slow increase in the intensity of a physical activity?
Answer: Red

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group did a slow increase in the intensity of a physical activity?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group jogged slowly to warm muscles?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group didn't jog slowly to warm muscles?
Answer: Red

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group didn't jog slowly to increase their heart rate?
Answer: Red

Situation: Two groups of runners attended a 5k event downtown. Brown group warmed up properly before the race, but Red group did no such thing and suffered the consequences.

Question: Which group jogged slowly to increase their heart rate?
Answer: Brown

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team experienced more muscle and tendon injuries?
Answer: Blue

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team experienced fewer muscle and tendon injuries?
Answer: White

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team had more athletes with increased blood flow to the muscles before the race?
Answer: White

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team had fewer athletes with increased blood flow to the muscles before the race?
Answer: Blue

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team had more athletes with an increased heart rate before the race?
Answer: White

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team had fewer athletes with an increased heart rate before the race?
Answer: Blue

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team did a slow increase in the intensity of physical activities before the race?
Answer: White

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team didn't do a slow increase in the intensity of physical activities before the race?
Answer: Blue

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team's racers had their muscles prepared for an activity?
Answer: White

Situation: Two teams were competing in a 5 km race. White team warmed up before the race, but Blue team arrived with a bus late and didn't have time to warm up properly before the race.

Question: Which team's racers didn't have their muscles prepared for an activity?
Answer: Blue

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had more people with tendon injury?
Answer: Red

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had fewer people with tendon injury?
Answer: Blue

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had fewer people with muscle injuries?
Answer: Blue

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had more people with muscle injuries?
Answer: Red

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had more people with an increased blood flow to the muscles before the match?
Answer: Blue

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had less people with an increased blood flow to the muscles before the match?
Answer: Red

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had less people with an increased heart rate before the match?
Answer: Red

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team had more people with an increased heart rate before the match?
Answer: Blue

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team performed a slow increase in intensity of a physical activity before the match?
Answer: Blue

Situation: There was a soccer match between Red team and Blue team. Blue team got there early, warmed up properly and were ready for the game. Red team arrived late and almost skipped warming up entirely. Costly decision, as it turns out, because they lost.

Question: Which team didn't perform a slow increase in intensity of a physical activity before the match?
Answer: Red

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player was more exposed to muscle injuries?
Answer: John

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player was less exposed to muscle injuries?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player was less exposed to tendon injuries?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player was more exposed to tendon injuries?
Answer: John

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player warmed their muscles up properly?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player didn't warm his muscles up properly?
Answer: John

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player had an increased hear rate before the match?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player didn't have an increased hear rate before the match?
Answer: John

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player was less likely to get injured?
Answer: Paul

Situation: Two soccer players had a friendly match one on one after work. Paul had plenty of time to do his warm up properly, but John got there late and didn't warm up. Paul won the match.

Question: Which player was more likely to get injured?
Answer: John