Background: As Figure above shows, the distance between particles is much smaller for the solid and liquid states than for the gas state. In the solid state, particles are fixed in place, while particles are more free to move in the liquid and gas states. The particles in the solid and liquid states “stick together,” but in the gas state, they move freely about the container. In general, it requires energy to separate individual particles. If we want to make a solid adopt a liquid form, we can add energy in the form of heat, increasing the temperature of the substance. Conversely, if we want to convert a substance from a gas to a liquid or from a liquid to a solid, we remove energy from the system and decrease the temperature. Pressure also plays an important role in changes of state, which will be discussed later on. We will study these difference in greater detail in the chapter States of Matter.

Situation: Mary wanted to make a chocolate dip for her dinner party so she put water in her double boiler and put it on the stove. When she saw steam coming from the pot she got her chunks of chocolate and added the pieces to the top pot. As the chocolate pieces heated up they turned into a sauce.

Question: when did Mary know the water was boiling?

Situation: Mary wanted to make a chocolate dip for her dinner party so she put water in her double boiler and put it on the stove. When she saw steam coming from the pot she got her chunks of chocolate and added the pieces to the top pot. As the chocolate pieces heated up they turned into a sauce.

Question: What was in a gas state?

Situation: Mary wanted to make a chocolate dip for her dinner party so she put water in her double boiler and put it on the stove. When she saw steam coming from the pot she got her chunks of chocolate and added the pieces to the top pot. As the chocolate pieces heated up they turned into a sauce.

Question: Where the water particles closer or farther apart as steam?

Situation: Mary wanted to make a chocolate dip for her dinner party so she put water in her double boiler and put it on the stove. When she saw steam coming from the pot she got her chunks of chocolate and added the pieces to the top pot. As the chocolate pieces heated up they turned into a sauce.

Question: Where the water particles closer or farther apart as liquid?

Situation: Mary wanted to make a chocolate dip for her dinner party so she put water in her double boiler and put it on the stove. When she saw steam coming from the pot she got her chunks of chocolate and added the pieces to the top pot. As the chocolate pieces heated up they turned into a sauce.

Question: How was energy added to the water?

Situation: Mary wanted to make a chocolate dip for her dinner party so she put water in her double boiler and put it on the stove. When she saw steam coming from the pot she got her chunks of chocolate and added the pieces to the top pot to heat. As the chocolate pieces heated up they turned into a sauce.

Question: How was energy added to the chocolate?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Were the water particles moving more as water or steam?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Were the water particles moving less as water or steam?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Were the water particles moving faster water or steam?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Were the water particles moving faster as water or steam?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Were the water particles move less as water or steam?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Was the water vapor from steam from the gas heating or cooling?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: Did the water molecules cool or heat as it moved away from the kettle.?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: What did Beth see as the gas cooled.?

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: was energy be removed or added to the gas as it moved away from the kettle??

Situation: Beth was watching the tea kettle closely. Mom was heating up water to make her cocoa and she could hardly wait. After a few minutes she heard the water boiling and could see steam coming out of the kettle.

Question: was the tempeture of the molecule increasing or decreasing inside the kettle?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: Was jane adding or removing energy when she put the water over the flame?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: Was jane adding or removing energy when she put the pan in the freezer??

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: When jane saw steam was the water boiling or not?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: Did the chocolate stay a solid or turn to liqued when it was melted?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: When the chocolate was solid were the particles fixed or free to move around?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: When the chocolate was liqued were the particles fixed or free to move around?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: Which particles were able to move around more the steam or the melted chocolate?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred until the chocolate was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: Which particles were able to move around lessthe steam or the melted chocolate?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred the chocolate over the heat until it was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: What was needed to turn the solid chocolate to a liqued?

Situation: Jane loved making chocolate candies for Christmas to give to all her friends. First she got her double boiler out and added water before placing it over a flame. When she noticed steam coming up from the pan Jane placed solid chunks of chocolate into the pan and gently stirred the chocolate over the heat until it was melted. She then added dried fruit and nuts to the chocolate. After scooping spoonfuls onto a pan she placed the pan into the freezer to cool. 20 minutes later her candies were ready to box up for gifts.

Question: What was needed to turn the water to steam?

Situation: Jane was rushing around the kitchen trying to get ready for her guests. She remembered they would be needing ice so she grabbed and empty ice tray and filled it. As she walked over to the freezer with the tray some of the water spilled. When she checked the tray later that day the ice was ready.

Question: Did the freezer add or remove energy from the water?

Situation: Jane was rushing around the kitchen trying to get ready for her guests. She remembered they would be needing ice so she grabbed and empty ice tray and filled it. As she walked over to the freezer with the tray some of the water spilled. When she checked the tray later that day the ice was ready.

Question: When the ice formed was the tray more or less full?

Situation: Jane was rushing around the kitchen trying to get ready for her guests. She remembered they would be needing ice so she grabbed and empty ice tray and filled it. As she walked over to the freezer with the tray some of the water spilled. When she checked the tray later that day the ice was ready.

Question: When the tray was filled with water was the water fixed or moving around?

Situation: Jane was rushing around the kitchen trying to get ready for her guests. She remembered they would be needing ice so she grabbed and empty ice tray and filled it. As she walked over to the freezer with the tray some of the water spilled. When she checked the tray later that day the ice was ready.

Question: What would be in the tray if it was left to sit on the table after the ice had formed?water