allenai/ropes huggingface dataset:
Background: Before dealing with the specifics of the rules for determining the significant figures in a calculated result, we need to be able to round numbers correctly. To round a number, first decide how many significant figures the number should have. Once you know that, round to that many digits, starting from the left. If the number immediately to the right of the last significant digit is less than 5, it is dropped and the value of the last significant digit remains the same. If the number immediately to the right of the last significant digit is greater than or equal to 5, the last significant digit is increased by 1.

Situation: Matt was trying to stick to a budget at the grocery store so he estimated what he was spending as he went along. He grabbed some milk for $3.45 and $3.50 to his total. When picked up cookies for $2.03 he added $2 to his total.

Question: What was the signifigant number in the milk price?

Situation: Matt was trying to stick to a budget at the grocery store so he estimated what he was spending as he went along. He grabbed some milk for $3.45 and $3.50 to his total. When picked up cookies for $2.03 he added $2 to his total.

Question: How many signifigant number were in the milk price?

Situation: Matt was trying to stick to a budget at the grocery store so he estimated what he was spending as he went along. He grabbed some milk for $3.45 and $3.50 to his total. When picked up cookies for $2.03 he added $2.00 to his total.

Question: What was the signifigant numbers in the cookie price?
Background: If all other factors were the same, the highest temperature stars would also be the most luminous (the brightest). In the main sequence of stars, we see that as the temperature increases to the left, the luminosity also increases, demonstrating that the hottest stars in this grouping are also the brightest. There are stars, however, that are less bright than their temperature would predict. This group of stars is called white dwarfs. These stars are less bright than expected because of their very small size. These dwarf stars are only one one-thousandth the size of stars in the main sequence. There are also stars that are much brighter than their temperature would predict. This group of stars are called red giants. They are brighter than their temperature would predict because they are much larger than stars in the main sequence. These stars have expanded to several thousand times the size of stars in the main sequence. Stars that are reddish in color are cooler than other stars while stars that are bluish in color are hotter than other stars.

Situation: John was studying astronomy in science class and decided to make a model of the universe for his class project. John's model had three different types of stars main sequence stars, dwarf stars and red giants. John had learned that stars or brighter the hotter they are but while making his model he found that this was not always true.

Question: Which stars are hotter than a main sequence star but not as bright?

Situation: John was studying astronomy in science class and decided to make a model of the universe for his class project. John's model had three different types of stars main sequence stars, dwarf stars and red giants. John had learned that stars or brighter the hotter they are but while making his model he found that this was not always true.

Question: Which stars are brighter than main sequence stars but not as hot?

Situation: John was studying astronomy in science class and decided to make a model of the universe for his class project. John's model had three different types of stars main sequence stars, dwarf stars and red giants. John had learned that stars or brighter the hotter they are but while making his model he found that this was not always true.

Question: What stars are bluish in color?

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Which star is hotter a white dwarf of a red giant
Background: Beginning in September 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require larger, more prominent cigarette health warnings on all cigarette packaging and advertisements in the United States. These warnings are a significant advancement in communicating the dangers of smoking. These new cigarette health warnings contains nine different warnings that will increase awareness of the specific health risks associated with smoking, such as death, addiction, lung disease, cancer, stroke and heart disease. These warnings include:

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Where are consumers more likely to quit smoking?

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Where are consumers less likely to quit smoking?

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Which country is most likely to see a decrease in lung cancer?

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Which country is least likely to see a decrease in lung cancer?

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Will there be more or less heart disease in The United States?

Situation: The United states decided to put more prominent health warnings of cigarettes. Meanwhile Canada has opted to keep the same labels that are not as prominent.

Question: Will there be more or less addiction in The United States?
Background: Something that is elastic can return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. This property is called elasticity . As you stretch or compress an elastic material like a bungee cord, it resists the change in shape. It exerts a counter force in the opposite direction. This force is called elastic force . The farther the material is stretched or compressed, the greater the elastic force becomes. As soon as the stretching or compressing force is released, elastic force causes the material to spring back to its original shape. You can watch a demonstration of elastic force at this URL:

Situation: Matt and his friends where bored so they started shooting rubber bands at each other. Mat and Mark both stretched their rubber bands back and released them but Mark's went much further.

Question: I gravitational or elastic force pushing back as the rubber band is stretched?

Situation: Matt and his friends where bored so they started shooting rubber bands at each other. Mat and Mark both stretched their rubber bands back and released them but Mark's went much further.

Question: Who's rubber band had more elastic force?

Situation: Matt and his friends where bored so they started shooting rubber bands at each other. Mat and Mark both stretched their rubber bands back and released them but Mark's went much further.

Question: Who's rubber band had less elastic force?

Situation: Matt and his friends where bored so they started shooting rubber bands at each other. Mat and Mark both stretched their rubber bands back and released them but Mark's went much further.

Question: Who's rubber band was stretched the farthest?

Situation: Matt and his friends where bored so they started shooting rubber bands at each other. Mat and Mark both stretched their rubber bands back and released them but Mark's went much further.

Question: Who's rubber band was stretched the least?
Background: A related herpes virus causes cold sores on the lips ( Figure below ). Both viruses cause painful blisters. In the case of genital herpes , the blisters are on the penis or around the vaginal opening. The blisters go away on their own, but the virus remains in the body. The blisters may come back repeatedly, especially when a person is under stress. There is no cure for genital herpes. But drugs can help prevent or shorten outbreaks. Researchers are trying to find a vaccine to prevent genital herpes.

Situation: Mark noticed that he had a painful blister on his mouth again. Mark frequently got cold sores when he was under a lot of stress. He called his doctor to get some medicine for it.

Question: Will the blister go away on its own or does it need to be treated.

Situation: Mark noticed that he had a painful blister on his mouth again. Mark frequently got cold sores when he was under a lot of stress. He called his doctor to get some medicine for it.

Question: Will the blister return or stay gone?

Situation: Mark noticed that he had a painful blister on his mouth again. Mark frequently got cold sores when he was under a lot of stress. He called his doctor to get some medicine for it.

Question: Is the virus currable or incurable?

Situation: Mark noticed that he had a painful blister on his mouth again. Mark frequently got cold sores when he was under a lot of stress. He called his doctor to get some medicine for it.

Question: Does Mark have oral or genital herpes?
Background: There is worldwide concern about the relationship between climate change and the use of fossil fuels. Many scientists believe that increased use of these fuels (in vehicles and other gas-powered equipment) has the potential to irreversibly damage our environment. In addition to the environmental concerns, supplies of fossil fuels are finite, and because they are non-renewable energy sources, we will eventually need alternatives. New developments in batteries and other energy storage devices are being explored to help deal with these issues. Electrochemical processes are at the heart of these new technologies.

Situation: Bob always liked to have the latest technology. He was thrilled to be one of the first people he knew with an electric car?

Question: what burns more fossil fuels and electric or traditional car.

Situation: Bob always liked to have the latest technology. He was thrilled to be one of the first people he knew with an electric car?

Question: what burns  fossil fuels and electric or traditional car.

Situation: Bob always liked to have the latest technology. He was thrilled to be one of the first people he knew with an electric car?

Question: What uses renewable energy a traditional car or electric?

Situation: Bob always liked to have the latest technology. He was thrilled to be one of the first people he knew with an electric car?

Question: What uses nonrenewable energy a traditional car or electric?
Background: Human beings invented agriculture about 10,000 years ago. This provided a bigger, more dependable food supply. It also allowed people to settle down in villages and cities for the first time. Birth rates went up because there was more food and settled life had other advantages. Death rates also rose because of crowded living conditions and diseases that spread from domestic animals. Because the higher birth rates were matched by higher death rates, the human population continued to grow very slowly.

Situation: As people moved into the area and developed it. The rodents in the area found that human agriculture and waste from urban areas greatly increased the amount of food available to them. On the other hand humans brought a new predator with them in the form of house cats who quickly added the rodents to their menu.

Question: Will an increase in food increase or decrease the rodent population?

Situation: As people moved into the area and developed it. The rodents in the area found that human agriculture and waste from urban areas greatly increased the amount of food available to them. On the other hand humans brought a new predator with them in the form of house cats who quickly added the rodents to their menu.

Question: With more food will birth rates increase or decrease among rodents??

Situation: As people moved into the area and developed it. The rodents in the area found that human agriculture and waste from urban areas greatly increased the amount of food available to them. On the other hand humans brought a new predator with them in the form of house cats who quickly added the rodents to their menu.

Question: With more predatorscause the death rate to increase or decrease? the roden?

Situation: As people moved into the area and developed it. The rodents in the area found that human agriculture and waste from urban areas greatly increased the amount of food available to them. On the other hand humans brought a new predator with them in the form of house cats who quickly added the rodents to their menu.

Question: Will new predators cause an increase or decrease in the population?? the roden?

Situation: As people moved into the area and developed it. The rodents in the area found that human agriculture and waste from urban areas greatly increased the amount of food available to them. On the other hand humans brought a new predator with them in the form of house cats who quickly added the rodents to their menu.

Question: Will the over all population increase, decrease or stay the same with both more food and more predators?

Situation: As people moved into the area and developed it. The rodents in the area found that human agriculture and waste from urban areas greatly increased the amount of food available to them. On the other hand humans brought a new predator with them in the form of house cats who quickly added the rodents to their menu.

Question: Is the rodent population stable or unstable?
Background: Another thing we can see in this animation is that particles are constantly colliding with one another. One assumption that we make when talking about collisions between gas particles is that they are completely elastic collisions. In an elastic collision , momentum is conserved, which means that none of the kinetic energy of the colliding particles is lost in some other form (such as the emission of light). This makes sense, because if energy were lost in collisions, the speeds of the particles would gradually decrease over time, and eventually everything would condense down into a solid form.

Situation: Sam was driving his new car to school when he realized that the front tire was low. He pulled into the gas station and used the pump to put air in the tire. With the tire fully inflated he headed off to school.

Question: What molecules where colliding in the tire?

Situation: Sam was driving his new car to school when he realized that the front tire was low. He pulled into the gas station and used the pump to put air in the tire. With the tire fully inflated he headed off to school.

Question: What molecules where expanding in the tire?

Situation: Sam was driving his new car to school when he realized that the front tire was low. He pulled into the gas station and used the pump to put air in the tire. With the tire fully inflated he headed off to school.

Question: Are the air particles lossing or maintaining their energy?

Situation: Sam was driving his new car to school when he realized that the front tire was low. He pulled into the gas station and used the pump to put air in the tire. With the tire fully inflated he headed off to school.

Question: Are the air particles lossing or maintaining their speed?
Background: A mutant recessive allele, such as the allele that causes sickle cell anemia (see Figure below and the link that follows), is not expressed in people who inherit just one copy of it. These people are called carriers . They do not have the disorder themselves, but they carry the mutant allele and can pass it to their offspring. Thus, the allele is likely to pass on to the next generation rather than die out. http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/17-sickle-cell.html

Situation: Mike was packing to go to the hospital again. It seemed like he was always in the hospital. Neither Mikes mom or dad had cystic fibrosis but Mike had inherited it from both of them.

Question: was Mike's dad a carrier of cystic fibrosis or non carrier?

Situation: Mike was packing to go to the hospital again. It seemed like he was always in the hospital. Neither Mikes mom or dad had cystic fibrosis but Mike had inherited it from both of them.

Question: was Mike's mon a carrier of cystic fibrosis or non carrier?

Situation: Mike was packing to go to the hospital again. It seemed like he was always in the hospital. Neither Mikes mom or dad had cystic fibrosis but Mike had inherited it from both of them.

Question: Is the allele that causes cystic fibrosis recesive or dominate.

Situation: Mike was packing to go to the hospital again. It seemed like he was always in the hospital. Neither Mikes mom or dad had cystic fibrosis but Mike had inherited it from both of them.

Question: Is the allele for cystic fibrosis likely to be passed on or die out?
Background: Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when body cells no longer respond normally to insulin. The pancreas still makes insulin, but the cells of the body can’t use it. Being overweight and having high blood pressure increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually develops in adulthood. However, it is becoming more common in teens and children because more young people are overweight now than ever before.

Situation: Mike's doctor had been warning him he needed to lose weight. now he was telling him that he had type 2 diabetes and needed to take insulin.

Question: Is Mike's pancrease making insulin or not?

Situation: Mike's doctor had been warning him he needed to lose weight. now he was telling him that he had type 2 diabetes and needed to take insulin.

Question: What can't Mike's cells use?

Situation: Mike's doctor had been warning him he needed to lose weight. now he was telling him that he had type 2 diabetes and needed to take insulin.

Question: What is Mike's body nolonger responding to?

Situation: Beth had had diabetes since she was a young child and needed to take insulin every day. Her friend Jane had recently been diagnosed with diabetes. Her doctor had recommended that she make changes to her diet and try to lose weight.

Question: Who has type 1 diabetes?

Situation: Beth had had diabetes since she was a young child and needed to take insulin every day. Her friend Jane had recently been diagnosed with diabetes. Her doctor had recommended that she make changes to her diet and try to lose weight.

Question: Who has type 2 diabetes?

Situation: Beth had had diabetes since she was a young child and needed to take insulin every day. Her friend Jane had recently been diagnosed with diabetes. Her doctor had recommended that she make changes to her diet and try to lose weight.

Question: Whose body doesn't produce insulin?

Situation: Beth had had diabetes since she was a young child and needed to take insulin every day. Her friend Jane had recently been diagnosed with diabetes. Her doctor had recommended that she make changes to her diet and try to lose weight.

Question: Whose body doesn't use  insulin?
Background: The Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil from the oil sands in Alberta, Canada. The oil would travel into the United States. In the U.S. it would be refined. The pipeline is controversial. A leak could cause damage to wildlife habitat. A leak could also release enough oil to contaminate the Ogallala Aquifer. The Aquifer is crucial to agriculture and urban development in the Midwestern U.S. When burned, the fuel from the oil sands would increase pollutants. Greenhouse gases into the atmosphere would increase. The future of the pipeline is currently on hold.

Situation: Lisa's family owns an oil company. She was pleased to find out that the Keystone XL Pipeline might start transporting oil to the U.S soon. She knows some people have opposed the pipeline but she thinks it is good because it will lower gas prices for consumers.

Question: What could cause damage to wildlife?

Situation: Lisa's family owns an oil company. She was pleased to find out that the Keystone XL Pipeline might start transporting oil to the U.S soon. She knows some people have opposed the pipeline especial in the Midwest but she thinks it is good because it will lower gas prices for consumers.

Question: Where does the pipleline threaten agriculture?

Situation: Lisa's family owns an oil company. She was pleased to find out that the Keystone XL Pipeline might start transporting oil to the U.S soon. She knows some people have opposed the pipeline especial in the Midwest but she thinks it is good because it will lower gas prices for consumers.

Question: Burning what increases greenhouse gases?

Situation: Lisa's family owns an oil company. She was pleased to find out that the Keystone XL Pipeline might start transporting oil to the U.S soon. She knows some people have opposed the pipeline especial in the Midwest but she thinks it is good because it will lower gas prices for consumers.

Question: What might contaminate the Ogallala Aquifer?

Situation: Lisa's family owns an oil company. She was pleased to find out that the Keystone XL Pipeline might start transporting oil to the U.S soon. She knows some people have opposed the pipeline especial in the Midwest but she thinks it is good because it will lower gas prices for consumers.

Question: Will burning oil increase or decrease pollutants?
Background: Scientists think that the earliest flowers attracted insects and other animals, which spread pollen from flower to flower. This greatly increased the efficiency of fertilization over wind-spread pollen, which might or might not actually land on another flower. To take better advantage of this “animal labor,” plants evolved traits such as brightly colored petals to attract pollinators. In exchange for pollination, flowers gave the pollinators nectar.

Situation: Ben wanted to encourage bees to visit his garden so he planted lots of blue, purple, and yellow flowers and plants to attract them. He also chose plants the bees would think smelled good.

Question: Do bees harm or benefit plants?

Situation: Ben wanted to encourage bees to visit his garden so he planted lots of blue, purple, and yellow flowers and plants to attract them. He also chose plants the bees would think smelled good.

Question: Do plants need or tolerate bees?

Situation: Ben wanted to encourage bees to visit his garden. He new color and scent were important for attracting bees, so he planted lots of blue, purple, and yellow flowers and plants to attract them. He also chose plants the bees would think smelled good.

Question: What do bees take nectar or leaves from plants?

Situation: Ben wanted to encourage bees to visit his garden. He new color and scent were important for attracting bees, so he planted lots of blue, purple, and yellow flowers and plants to attract them. He also chose plants the bees would think smelled good.

Question: What traits do plants use to attract bees?

Situation: Ben wanted to encourage bees to visit his garden. He new color and scent were important for attracting bees, so he planted lots of blue, purple, and yellow flowers and plants to attract them. He also chose plants the bees would think smelled good.

Question: What will help pollinate Ben's garden?