Background: Reverse faults, particularly those along convergent plate boundaries are associated with the most powerful earthquakes, megathrust earthquakes, including almost all of those of magnitude 8 or more. Strike-slip faults, particularly continental transforms, can produce major earthquakes up to about magnitude 8. Earthquakes associated with normal faults are generally less than magnitude 7. For every unit increase in magnitude, there is a roughly thirtyfold increase in the energy released. For instance, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 releases approximately 30 times more energy than a 5.0 magnitude earthquake and a 7.0 magnitude earthquake releases 900 times (30 × 30) more energy than a 5.0 magnitude of earthquake. An 8.6 magnitude earthquake releases the same amount of energy as 10,000 atomic bombs like those used in World War II.This is so because the energy released in an earthquake, and thus its magnitude, is proportional to the area of the fault that ruptures and the stress drop. Therefore, the longer the length and the wider the width of the faulted area, the larger the resulting magnitude. The topmost, brittle part of the Earth's crust, and the cool slabs of the tectonic plates that are descending down into the hot mantle, are the only parts of our planet which can store elastic energy and release it in fault ruptures. Rocks hotter than about 300 °C (572 °F) flow in response to stress; they do not rupture in earthquakes. The maximum observed lengths of ruptures and mapped faults (which may break in a single rupture) are approximately 1,000 km (620 mi). Examples are the earthquakes in Chile, 1960; Alaska, 1957; Sumatra, 2004, all in subduction zones. The longest earthquake ruptures on strike-slip faults, like the San Andreas Fault (1857, 1906), the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey (1939) and the Denali Fault in Alaska (2002), are about half to one third as long as the lengths along subducting plate margins, and those along normal faults are even shorter.

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: What type of fault most likely caused the earthquake in Region A, reverse, strike-slip or normal?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: What type of fault most likely caused the earthquake in Region B, reverse, strike-slip or normal?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: What type of fault most likely caused the earthquake in Region C, reverse, strike-slip or normal?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region most likely lies over a reverse fault, Region A or Region B?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region most likely lies over a reverse fault, Region A or Region C?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region most likely lies over a strike-slip fault, Region A or Region B?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region most likely lies over a strike-slip fault, Region B or Region C?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region most likely lies over a normal fault, Region A or Region C?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region most likely lies over a normal fault, Region B or Region C?

Situation: Corinne is a seismologist and is studying three regions on Earth that have recently experienced earthquake activity. These regions are very remote and have not been extensively studied, so Corinne is unsure of what type of fault lies underneath each region. In order to determine the type of fault, she has gathered data from each of the regions during the most recent earthquake activity. Corinne learned that in Region A, the earthquake had a magnitude of 9; in Region B, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7; and in Region C, the earthquake had a magnitude of 5.5.

Question: Which region likely has a longer earthquake rupture, Region B or Region C?