allenai/ropes huggingface dataset:
Background: As a liquid is heated, the average kinetic energy of its particles increases. The rate of evaporation increases as more and more molecules are able to escape the liquid’s surface into the vapor phase. Eventually a point is reached when the molecules all throughout the liquid have enough kinetic energy to vaporize . At this point the liquid begins to boil. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure. The Figure below illustrates the boiling of liquid.

Situation: Sarah is cooking dinner for her husband's parents and puts two pots of water on the stove to boil. She turns the heat on pot A to high, but forgets to turn on the heat for pot B. Eventually, pot A begins to boil but pot B is still room-temperature.

Question: Does pot A have more or less average kinetic energy than pot B?

Situation: Sarah is cooking dinner for her husband's parents and puts two pots of water on the stove to boil. She turns the heat on pot A to high, but forgets to turn on the heat for pot B. Eventually, pot A begins to boil but pot B is still room-temperature.

Question: Does pot B have more or less average kinetic energy than pot A?

Situation: Sarah is cooking dinner for her husband's parents and puts two pots of water on the stove to boil. She turns the heat on pot A to high, but forgets to turn on the heat for pot B. Eventually, pot A begins to boil but pot B is still room-temperature.

Question: Which pot has a greater average kinetic energy, pot A or pot B?

Situation: Sarah is cooking dinner for her husband's parents and puts two pots of water on the stove to boil. She turns the heat on pot A to high, but forgets to turn on the heat for pot B. Eventually, pot A begins to boil but pot B is still room-temperature.

Question: Which pot has a lower average kinetic energy, pot A or pot B?

Situation: Sarah is cooking dinner for her husband's parents and puts two pots of water on the stove to boil. She turns the heat on pot A to high, but forgets to turn on the heat for pot B. Eventually, pot A begins to boil but pot B is still room-temperature.

Question: Is the rate of evaporation higher in pot A or pot B?

Situation: Sarah is cooking dinner for her husband's parents and puts two pots of water on the stove to boil. She turns the heat on pot A to high, but forgets to turn on the heat for pot B. Eventually, pot A begins to boil but pot B is still room-temperature.

Question: Is the rate of evaporation lower in pot A or pot B?
Background: At equilibrium, [H 3 O + ] = [OH - ] = 1.0 × 10 -7 in a sample of pure water. An aqueous solution in which [H 3 O + ] = [OH - ] is referred to as a neutral solution . However, the addition of an external acid or base will shift the relative amounts of these two ions. Adding an acid will increase the amount of H 3 O + . As a consequence, the amount of OH - will need to decrease in order to reestablish equilibrium (at which point the equilibrium expression for K w will once again have the correct value). In an acidic solution , [H 3 O + ] > [OH - ]. Similarly, in a basic solution , the amount of OH - will increase and the amount of H 3 O + will decrease, so [H 3 O + ] < [OH - ].

Situation: Leila is learning about solutions in her chemistry class. She has two samples of pure water, and wants to find out what will happen when she adds an acid to one water sample and a base to the other water sample. Leila adds an external acid to water sample A and an external base to water sample B.

Question: In which sample will the amount of H 3 O + increase, sample A or sample B?

Situation: Leila is learning about solutions in her chemistry class. She has two samples of pure water, and wants to find out what will happen when she adds an acid to one water sample and a base to the other water sample. Leila adds an external acid to water sample A and an external base to water sample B.

Question: In which sample will the amount of OH - need to decrease in order to reach equilibrium, sample A or sample B?

Situation: Leila is learning about solutions in her chemistry class. She has two samples of pure water, and wants to find out what will happen when she adds an acid to one water sample and a base to the other water sample. Leila adds an external acid to water sample A and an external base to water sample B.

Question: In which sample will the amount of OH - increase, sample A or sample B?

Situation: Leila is learning about solutions in her chemistry class. She has two samples of pure water, and wants to find out what will happen when she adds an acid to one water sample and a base to the other water sample. Leila adds an external acid to water sample A and an external base to water sample B.

Question: In which sample will the amount of H 3 O + need to decrease in order to reach equilibrium,, sample A or sample B?

Situation: Leila is learning about solutions in her chemistry class. She has two samples of pure water, and wants to find out what will happen when she adds an acid to one water sample and a base to the other water sample. Leila adds an external acid to water sample A and an external base to water sample B.

Question: In which sample will the amount of H 3 O + be greater than the amount of OH -, sample A or sample B?

Situation: Leila is learning about solutions in her chemistry class. She has two samples of pure water, and wants to find out what will happen when she adds an acid to one water sample and a base to the other water sample. Leila adds an external acid to water sample A and an external base to water sample B.

Question: In which sample will the amount of OH - be greater than the amount of H 3 O +, sample A or sample B?
Background: Gibberellins are hormones that cause the plant to grow. When gibberellins are applied to plants by scientists, the stems grow longer. Some gardeners or horticulture scientists add gibberellins to increase the growth of plants. Dwarf plants (small plants), on the other hand, have low levels of gibberellins ( Figure below ). Another function of gibberellins is to stop dormancy (resting time) of seeds and buds. Gibberellins signal that it’s time for a seed to germinate (sprout) or for a bud to open.

Situation: Jill went to the local garden center and purchased two gerbera daisy plants. Several weeks after planting them, she notices that the stem of the pink gerbera daisy has grown twice as long as the yellow gerbera daisy.

Question: Which plant has higher levels of gibberellins, the pink Gerbera daisy or the yellow Gerbera daisy?

Situation: Jill went to the local garden center and purchased two gerbera daisy plants. Several weeks after planting them, she notices that the stem of the pink gerbera daisy has grown twice as long as the yellow gerbera daisy.

Question: Which plant has lower levels of gibberellins, the pink Gerbera daisy or the yellow Gerbera daisy?

Situation: Jill went to the local garden center and purchased two gerbera daisy plants. Several weeks after planting them, she notices that the stem of the pink gerbera daisy has grown twice as long as the yellow gerbera daisy.

Question: Does the pink gerbera daisy have more or less gibberellins than the yellow gerbera daisy?

Situation: Jill went to the local garden center and purchased two gerbera daisy plants. Several weeks after planting them, she notices that the stem of the pink gerbera daisy has grown twice as long as the yellow gerbera daisy.

Question: Does the yellow gerbera daisy have more or less gibberellins than the pink gerbera daisy?
Background: Although some lipids in the diet are essential, excess dietary lipids can be harmful. Because lipids are very high in energy, eating too many may lead to unhealthy weight gain. A high-fat diet may also increase lipid levels in the blood. This, in turn, can increase the risk for health problems such as cardiovascular disease. The dietary lipids of most concern are saturated fatty acids, trans fats, and cholesterol. For example, cholesterol is the lipid mainly responsible for narrowing arteries and causing the disease atherosclerosis.

Situation: Morgan and Griffin are both trying to lose weight and have adopted very different dietary habits. Per her doctor's recommendation, Morgan has been eating a very low-fat diet. Griffin's doctor recommended he try the ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet.

Question: Is Morgan more or less likely than Griffin to have increased lipid levels in her blood?

Situation: Morgan and Griffin are both trying to lose weight and have adopted very different dietary habits. Per her doctor's recommendation, Morgan has been eating a very low-fat diet. Griffin's doctor recommended he try the ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet.

Question: Is Griffin more or less likely than Morgan to have increased lipid levels in his blood?

Situation: Morgan and Griffin are both trying to lose weight and have adopted very different dietary habits. Per her doctor's recommendation, Morgan has been eating a very low-fat diet. Griffin's doctor recommended he try the ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet.

Question: Who is more likely to have increased levels of lipid in their blood, Morgan or Griffin?

Situation: Morgan and Griffin are both trying to lose weight and have adopted very different dietary habits. Per her doctor's recommendation, Morgan has been eating a very low-fat diet. Griffin's doctor recommended he try the ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet.

Question: Who is less likely to have increased levels of lipid in their blood, Morgan or Griffin?

Situation: Morgan and Griffin are both trying to lose weight and have adopted very different dietary habits. Per her doctor's recommendation, Morgan has been eating a very low-fat diet. Griffin's doctor recommended he try the ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet.

Question: Who is at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease, Morgan or Griffin?

Situation: Morgan and Griffin are both trying to lose weight and have adopted very different dietary habits. Per her doctor's recommendation, Morgan has been eating a very low-fat diet. Griffin's doctor recommended he try the ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet.

Question: Who has a lower risk for developing cardiovascular disease, Morgan or Griffin?
Background: In nature, when the population size is small, there is usually plenty of food and other resources for each individual. When there is plenty of food and other resources, organisms can easily reproduce, so the birth rate is high. As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease. When necessary resources, such as food, decrease, some individuals will die. Overall, the population cannot reproduce at the same rate, so the birth rates drop. This will cause the population growth rate to decrease.

Situation: In the country of Pantera, there are two villages located in very different regions. The Anselmo village is located in a lush, green region that has beautiful weather as well as plentiful food, water, and access to other necessary resources. The Abbott village is located in a desert region that is hot and dry with minimal access to food, water, and other necessary resources.

Question: In which village will the population most likely increase, the Anselmo village or the Abbott village?

Situation: In the country of Pantera, there are two villages located in very different regions. The Anselmo village is located in a lush, green region that has beautiful weather as well as plentiful food, water, and access to other necessary resources. The Abbott village is located in a desert region that is hot and dry with minimal access to food, water, and other necessary resources.

Question: In which village will the population most likely decrease, the Anselmo village or the Abbott village?

Situation: In the country of Pantera, there are two villages located in very different regions. The Anselmo village is located in a lush, green region that has beautiful weather as well as plentiful food, water, and access to other necessary resources. The Abbott village is located in a desert region that is hot and dry with minimal access to food, water, and other necessary resources.

Question: In which village will the birth rate be higher, Anselmo village or Abbott village?

Situation: In the country of Pantera, there are two villages located in very different regions. The Anselmo village is located in a lush, green region that has beautiful weather as well as plentiful food, water, and access to other necessary resources. The Abbott village is located in a desert region that is hot and dry with minimal access to food, water, and other necessary resources.

Question: In which village will the birth rate be lower, Anselmo village or Abbott village?
Background: HIV , or human immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS. AIDS stands for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome." It is a condition that causes death and does not have a known cure. AIDS usually develops 10 to 15 years after a person is first infected with HIV. The development of AIDS can be delayed with proper medicines. The delay can be well over 20 years with the right medicines. Today, individuals who acquire HIV after 50 years of age can expect to reach an average human life span.

Situation: Jorge and Pedro were both recently diagnosed with HIV. Jorge comes from a wealthy family that is able to afford the best treatments and medications. Pedro comes from a less affluent family and is not able to afford any treatment or medication.

Question: Is Jorge more or less likely to develop AIDS sooner than Pedro?

Situation: Jorge and Pedro were both recently diagnosed with HIV. Jorge comes from a wealthy family that is able to afford the best treatments and medications. Pedro comes from a less affluent family and is not able to afford any treatment or medication.

Question: Is Pedro more or less likely to develop AIDS sooner than Jorge?

Situation: Jorge and Pedro were both recently diagnosed with HIV. Jorge comes from a wealthy family that is able to afford the best treatments and medications. Pedro comes from a less affluent family and is not able to afford any treatment or medication.

Question: Who is more likely to experience a delay in the development of AIDS, Jorge or Pedro?

Situation: Jorge and Pedro were both recently diagnosed with HIV. Jorge comes from a wealthy family that is able to afford the best treatments and medications. Pedro comes from a less affluent family and is not able to afford any treatment or medication.

Question: Who is least likely to experience a delay in the development of AIDS, Jorge or Pedro?
Background: Many respiratory diseases are caused by pathogens. A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in another organism. Certain bacteria, viruses, and fungi are pathogens of the respiratory system. The common cold and flu are caused by viruses. The influenza virus that causes the flu is pictured below ( Figure below ). Tuberculosis, whooping cough, and acute bronchitis are caused by bacteria. The pathogens that cause colds, flu, and TB can be passed from person to person by coughing, sneezing, and spitting. Illnesses caused by bacteria can be treated with antibiotics. Those caused by viruses cannot.

Situation: Dave and Joy are both experiencing symptoms of a respiratory illness. They both go to the doctor for a check-up and to see what treatments are available. Joy is diagnosed with the flu, and Dave is diagnosed with bronchitis.

Question: Who will be prescribed antibiotics for their illness, Dave or Joy?

Situation: Dave and Joy are both experiencing symptoms of a respiratory illness. They both go to the doctor for a check-up and to see what treatments are available. Joy is diagnosed with the flu, and Dave is diagnosed with bronchitis.

Question: Who will not be prescribed antibiotics for their illness, Dave or Joy?

Situation: Dave and Joy are both experiencing symptoms of a respiratory illness. They both go to the doctor for a check-up and to see what treatments are available. Joy is diagnosed with the flu, and Dave is diagnosed with bronchitis.

Question: Is Joy more or less likely than Dave to be prescribed antibiotics?

Situation: Dave and Joy are both experiencing symptoms of a respiratory illness. They both go to the doctor for a check-up and to see what treatments are available. Joy is diagnosed with the flu, and Dave is diagnosed with bronchitis.

Question: Is Dave more or less likely than Joy to be prescribed antibiotics?
Background: For comparison,  sunlight on Saturn is slightly brighter than Earth sunlight at the average sunset or sunrise (see daylight for comparison table). Even on Pluto, the sunlight would still be bright enough to almost match the average living room. To see sunlight as dim as full moonlight on Earth, a distance of about 500 AU (~69 light-hours) is needed; there are only a handful of objects in the Solar System known to orbit farther than such a distance, among them 90377 Sedna and (87269) 2000 OO67.

Situation: Kira is an astrophysicist. Her team has discovered two new objects in our solar system. They are trying to determine which object is receiving the most sunlight based on each objects distance from the sun. They know that Object A is closer to the sun than Object B and both objects have similar atmospheres.

Question: Which object is receiving more sunlight?

Situation: Kira is an astrophysicist. Her team has discovered two new objects in our solar system. They are trying to determine which object is receiving the most sunlight based on each objects distance from the sun. They know that Object A is closer to the sun than Object B and both objects have similar atmospheres.

Question: Which object is receiving less sunlight?

Situation: Kira is an astrophysicist. Her team has discovered two new objects in our solar system. They are trying to determine which object is receiving the most sunlight based on each objects distance from the sun. They know that Object A is closer to the sun than Object B and both objects have similar atmospheres.

Question: Is Object A receiving more or less sunlight than Object B?

Situation: Kira is an astrophysicist. Her team has discovered two new objects in our solar system. They are trying to determine which object is receiving the most sunlight based on each objects distance from the sun. They know that Object A is closer to the sun than Object B and both objects have similar atmospheres.

Question: Is Object B receiving more or less sunlight than Object A?
Background: A tropical depression or tropical low is a tropical disturbance that has a clearly defined surface circulation with maximum sustained winds of less than 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h). Within the Southern Hemisphere, the depression can have gale force or stronger winds in one or more quadrants, but not near the centre.

Situation: Frank works for NOAA and is trying to determine what type of tropical disturbance is occurring in two ocean regions in the Northern Hemisphere, Region A and Region B. Both regions are showing circulation, but the wind in Region A is 35 mph and the wind in Region B is 50 mph.

Question: Which region is experiencing a tropical depression, Region A or Region B?

Situation: Frank works for NOAA and is trying to determine what type of tropical disturbance is occurring in two ocean regions in the Northern Hemisphere, Region A and Region B. Both regions are showing circulation, but the wind in Region A is 35 mph and the wind in Region B is 50 mph.

Question: Which region is not experiencing a tropical depression, Region A or Region B?

Situation: Frank works for NOAA and is trying to determine what type of tropical disturbance is occurring in two ocean regions in the Northern Hemisphere, Region A and Region B. Both regions are showing circulation, but the wind in Region A is 35 mph and the wind in Region B is 50 mph.

Question: Is Region A more or less likely than Region B to be experiencing a tropical depression?

Situation: Frank works for NOAA and is trying to determine what type of tropical disturbance is occurring in two ocean regions in the Northern Hemisphere, Region A and Region B. Both regions are showing circulation, but the wind in Region A is 35 mph and the wind in Region B is 50 mph.

Question: Is Region B more or less likely than Region A to be experiencing a tropical depression?

Situation: Frank works for NOAA and is trying to determine what type of tropical disturbance is occurring in two ocean regions in the Northern Hemisphere, Region A and Region B. Both regions are showing circulation, but the wind in Region A is 35 mph and the wind in Region B is 50 mph.

Question: Is Region B experiencing a tropical depression?
Background: Coloration in invertebrates varies based on the depth, water temperature, food source, currents, geographic location, light exposure, and sedimentation. For example, the amount of carotenoid a certain sea anemone decreases as we go deeper into the ocean. Thus, the marine life that resides on deeper waters is less brilliant than the organisms that live in well-lit areas due to the reduction of pigments. In the colonies of the colonial ascidian-cyanophyte symbiosis Trididemnum solidum, their colors are different depending on the light regime in which they live. The colonies that are exposed to full sunlight are heavily calcified, thicker, and are white. In contrast the colonies that live in shaded areas have more phycoerythrin (pigment that absorbs green) in comparison to phycocyanin (pigment that absorbs red), thinner, and are purple. The purple color in the shaded colonies are mainly due to the phycobilin pigment of the algae, meaning the variation of exposure in light changes the colors of these colonies.

Situation: Ali has recently discovered two new fish species in the ocean. She is trying to determine whether the new fish are from deep water regions or shallow water regions. Fish A is very brightly colored and Fish B has very dull colors.

Question: Which fish came from deeper waters, Fish A or Fish B?

Situation: Ali has recently discovered two new fish species in the ocean. She is trying to determine whether the new fish are from deep water regions or shallow water regions. Fish A is very brightly colored and Fish B has very dull colors.

Question: Which fish came from shallow waters, Fish A or Fish B?

Situation: Ali has recently discovered two new fish species in the ocean. She is trying to determine whether the new fish are from deep water regions or shallow water regions. Fish A is very brightly colored and Fish B has very dull colors.

Question: Is Fish A more or less likely than Fish B to be from shallow waters?

Situation: Ali has recently discovered two new fish species in the ocean. She is trying to determine whether the new fish are from deep water regions or shallow water regions. Fish A is very brightly colored and Fish B has very dull colors.

Question: Is Fish A more or less likely than Fish B to be from deep waters?

Situation: Ali has recently discovered two new fish species in the ocean. She is trying to determine whether the new fish are from deep water regions or shallow water regions. Fish A is very brightly colored and Fish B has very dull colors.

Question: Is Fish B more or less likely than Fish A to be from deep waters?

Situation: Ali has recently discovered two new fish species in the ocean. She is trying to determine whether the new fish are from deep water regions or shallow water regions. Fish A is very brightly colored and Fish B has very dull colors.

Question: Is Fish B more or less likely than Fish A to be from shallow waters?