allenai/ropes huggingface dataset:
Background: Communication is any way that animals share information. Many animals live in social groups. For these animals, being able to communicate is essential. Communicating increases the ability of group members to cooperate and avoid conflict. Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves from predators. It also helps them find mates and care for their offspring. In addition, communication helps adult animals teach the next generation learned behaviors. Therefore, communication generally improves the chances of animals surviving and reproducing.

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate system of barks. They use these barks as alarms. This behavior allows some to eat and play while others watch for danger.

Question: How do Prairie dogs communicate?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate system of barks. They use these barks as alarms. This behavior allows some to eat and play while others watch for danger.

Question: What do the barks help them do?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate system of barks. They use these barks as alarms. This behavior allows some to eat and play while others watch for danger.

Question: Are Prairie dogs more or less safe because they bark?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate system of barks. They use these barks as alarms. This behavior allows some to eat and play while others watch for danger.

Question: Are Prairie dogs more or less likely to survive a predator attack if in a group??

Situation: Evey body knows that peacocks are beautiful birds with their long colorful tail feathers. Males often display their tail feathers. But peacocks also make a variety of noises from hoots and vibrations to sounds so low humans can't here them.

Question: Do males display feathers to indicate danger or attract females.

Situation: Evey body knows that peacocks are beautiful birds with their long colorful tail feathers. Males often display their tail feathers. But peacocks also make a variety of noises from hoots and vibrations to sounds so low humans can't here them.

Question: How do peacocks cooperate?

Situation: Evey body knows that peacocks are beautiful birds with their long colorful tail feathers. Males often display their tail feathers. But peacocks also make a variety of noises from hoots and vibrations to sounds so low humans can't here them.

Question: How do peacocks communicate?

Situation: Evey body knows that peacocks are beautiful birds with their long colorful tail feathers. Males often display their tail feathers. But peacocks also make a variety of noises from hoots and vibrations to sounds so low humans can't here them.

Question: How do peacocks find mates?

Situation: Evey body knows that peacocks are beautiful birds with their long colorful tail feathers. Males often display their tail feathers. But peacocks also make a variety of noises from hoots and vibrations to sounds so low humans can't here them.

Question: How do peacocks warn of predators?
Background: One possible answer is that helping others often means helping close relatives. Close relatives share many of the same genes that they inherited from their common ancestor. As a result, helping a close relative may actually increase the chances that copies of one’s own genes will be passed to the next generation. In this way, a behavior that puts oneself at risk could actually increase through natural selection. This form of natural selection is called kin selection .

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate alarm system where some members of the group will bark out warnings when they see predators. The warnings alert other members of the group to take cover.

Question: When a Prairie dogs gives a warning who directly benefits?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate alarm system where some members of the group will bark out warnings when they see predators. The warnings alert other members of the group to take cover.

Question: Are the watchers related or unrelated to the rest of the group?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate alarm system where some members of the group will bark out warnings when they see predators. The warnings alert other members of the group to take cover.

Question: What are the watchers doing that is dangerous?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate alarm system where some members of the group will bark out warnings when they see predators. The warnings alert other members of the group to take cover.

Question: Will the watchers passing on or not passing on their genes?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate alarm system where some members of the group will bark out warnings when they see predators. The warnings alert other members of the group to take cover.

Question: Are watchers looking out for themselves or the group?

Situation: Prairie dogs have an elaborate alarm system where some members of the group will bark out warnings when they see predators. The warnings alert other members of the group to take cover. Is warning other a desirable or undesirable behavior?

Question: Is warning other a desirable or undesirable behavior?
Background: No doubt you already have a good idea of what temperature is. You might say that it’s how warm or cool something feels. In physics, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter. When particles of matter move more quickly, they have more kinetic energy, so their temperature is higher. With a higher temperature, matter feels warmer. When particles move more slowly, they have less kinetic energy on average, so their temperature is lower. With a lower temperature, matter feels cooler.

Situation: Jane enjoyed sitting on her porch in the morning enjoying the cool air. However by afternoon she was uncomfortable outside. The temperature had reason 15 degrees so she went inside were it was air conditioned and much cooler.

Question: Was the kinetic energy of the outside air higher in the morning or afternoon?

Situation: Jane enjoyed sitting on her porch in the morning enjoying the cool air. However by afternoon she was uncomfortable outside. The temperature had reason 15 degrees so she went inside were it was air conditioned and much cooler.

Question: Was the kinetic energy of the outside air lower in the morning or afternoon?

Situation: Jane enjoyed sitting on her porch in the morning enjoying the cool air. However by afternoon she was uncomfortable outside. The temperature had reason 15 degrees so she went inside were it was air conditioned and much cooler.

Question: Was the kinetic energy of the inside air lower with or without air conditioning?

Situation: Jane enjoyed sitting on her porch in the morning enjoying the cool air. However by afternoon she was uncomfortable outside. The temperature had reason 15 degrees so she went inside were it was air conditioned and much cooler.

Question: Was the kinetic energy of the inside air higher with or without air conditioning?

Situation: Jane enjoyed sitting on her porch in the morning enjoying the cool air. However by afternoon she was uncomfortable outside. The temperature had reason 15 degrees so she went inside were it was air conditioned and much cooler.

Question: was the kinetic energy of the air increasing or decreasing as the day went on?

Situation: Jane enjoyed sitting on her porch in the morning enjoying the cool air. However by afternoon she was uncomfortable outside. The temperature had reason 15 degrees so she went inside were it was air conditioned and much cooler.

Question: Did the inside air's kinetic energy increas or decrease when the air conditioning was turned on
Background: Antifreeze could also be called “antiboil” because it also raises the boiling point of the water in a car radiator. Hot weather combined with a hot engine can easily raise the temperature of the water in the radiator above 100 °C, which is the boiling point of pure water. If the water boils, it could cause the engine to overheat and become seriously damaged. However, if antifreeze has been added to the water, the boiling point is much higher. For example a 50 percent antifreeze solution has a boiling point of 129 °C. Unless the water gets hotter than this, it won’t boil and ruin the engine.

Situation: Beth's mother had always taught her to add salt to her pasta water. She didn't know why but she always did even though it seemed to take longer to come to a boil.

Question: Does salt raise or lower the water's boiling point.

Situation: Beth's mother had always taught her to add salt to her pasta water. She didn't know why but she always did even though it seemed to take longer to come to a boil.

Question: Is salt water or plain water hotter when  it boils

Situation: Beth's mother had always taught her to add salt to her pasta water. She didn't know why but she always did even though it seemed to take longer to come to a boil.

Question: Is salt water or plain water coolerr when  it boils
Background: Current Situation : Currently the heating effect of extra greenhouse gases (since the start of the industrial revolution) is equal to about . Thus the recent period has recorded parallel increases in concentration of carbon dioxide and average global temperature. As more greenhouse gases are put into the atmosphere the temperature will increase further. There are certain effects of a warmer Earth (discussed more in optional section), which could accelerate the process, even if no more greenhouse gases are put into the atmosphere (an unlikely prospect for the foreseeable future).

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: Is winter getting longer or shorter?

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: Is the temperature rising or falling

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: Ate the hates being helped or hurt by the warmer temperature

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: is the shorter winter natural or part of climate change

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: are geenhouse gasses making winter shorter or longer

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: are geenhouse gasses making winter warmer or coulder

Situation: Snow hares are adapted to live in areas with long winters. There coats are bright white to make them blend into the snow. Recently however the snow is melting earlier then normal. Without the snow their white coats leave them exposed to predators

Question: are anow hares adepted to cold pr warm weather
Background: Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hemophilia cannot produce clots, any cut can put a person at risk of bleeding to death. The risk of internal bleeding is also increased in hemophilia, especially into muscles and joints. This disease affected the royal families of Europe.

Situation: Mark had to be very careful not to cut himself. If he did he had trouble getting the bleeding to stop and usually had to go to the hospital. Even a tiny bump could cause him to bruise and bleed under his skin.

Question: Does Mark's blood clot or not?

Situation: Mark had to be very careful not to cut himself. If he did he had trouble getting the bleeding to stop and usually had to go to the hospital. Even a tiny bump could cause him to bruise and bleed under his skin.

Question: Does Mark's blood have clotting factors or not?

Situation: Mark had to be very careful not to cut himself. If he did he had trouble getting the bleeding to stop and usually had to go to the hospital. Even a tiny bump could cause him to bruise and bleed under his skin.

Question: Is Mark able or unable to produce clots?

Situation: Mark had to be very careful not to cut himself. If he did he had trouble getting the bleeding to stop and usually had to go to the hospital. Even a tiny bump could cause him to bruise and bleed under his skin.

Question: Does this problem run in Mark's family or is it environmental?
Background: Another obvious change that occurs during puberty is rapid growth. This is called the adolescent growth spurt. In boys, it is controlled by testosterone. The rate of growth usually starts to increase relatively early in puberty. At its peak rate, growth in height is about 10 centimeters (almost 4 inches) per year in the average male. Growth generally remains rapid for several years. Growth and development of muscles occur toward the end of the growth spurt in height. Muscles may continue to develop and gain strength after growth in height is finished.

Situation: Josh and Allen were brothers. According to his mother Josh had been growing like a weed for several years. This year he noticed he wasn't grow as much but he was developing muscles and generally getting stronger. Meanwhile Allen was just starting shoot up, he had already grown an inch and a half this year.

Question: Who is going through puberty?

Situation: Josh and Allen were brothers. According to his mother Josh had been growing like a weed for several years. This year he noticed he wasn't grow as much but he was developing muscles and generally getting stronger. Meanwhile Allen was just starting shoot up, he had already grown an inch and a half this year.

Question: Who started puberty first?

Situation: Josh and Allen were brothers. According to his mother Josh had been growing like a weed for several years. This year he noticed he wasn't grow as much but he was developing muscles and generally getting stronger. Meanwhile Allen was just starting shoot up, he had already grown an inch and a half this year.

Question: Who started puberty last?

Situation: Josh and Allen were brothers. According to his mother Josh had been growing like a weed for several years. This year he noticed he wasn't grow as much but he was developing muscles and generally getting stronger. Meanwhile Allen was just starting shoot up, he had already grown an inch and a half this year.

Question: Who is experiencing higher levels of testosterone?
Background: The advantage of asexual reproduction is that it can be very quick and does not require the meeting of a male and female organism. The disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that organisms do not receive a mix of traits from both parents. An organism that is born through asexual reproduction only has the DNA from the one parent. In fact, the offspring is genetically an exact copy of the parent. This can cause problems for the individual. For example, if the parent has a gene that causes a particular disease, the offspring will also have the gene that causes that disease. Organisms produced sexually may or may not inherit the disease gene because they receive a mix of their parents' genes.

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: wich parent did Josh inheret hemophilia from?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: Wich parent did Josh not inheret hemophilia from?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: Did Josh get all or some of his DNA from John?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: Did Josh get all or some of his DNA from Beth?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: Will Sue get all or some of her DNA from Beth?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: Will Sue get all or some of her DNA from John?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: Will Sue have hemophelia for sure or possibly?

Situation: John has hemophilia but his wife Beth  doesn't. Their son Josh also has hemophilia. They are expecting another child Sue in a few months and are wondering if she will also have hemophilia.

Question: What disiease does John carry a gene for?
Background: Another major cause of extinction is global warming , which is also known as global climate change. During the past century, the Earth's average temperature has risen by almost 1°C (about 1.3°F). You may not think that is significant, but to organisms that live in the wild and are constantly adapting to their environments, any climate change can be hazardous. Recall that burning fossil fuels releases gasses into the atmosphere that warm the Earth. Our increased use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, is changing the Earth’s climate. Any long-term change in the climate can destroy the habitat of a species. Even a brief change in climate may be too stressful for an organism to survive. For example, if the seas increase in temperature, even briefly, it may be too warm for certain types of fish to reproduce.

Situation: To help hide from predators the snow hare has evolved to turn white in winter to blend in with the snow. But in recent years winters have been warmer and the snow is melting earlier than usual. Without snow on the ground the white hares stand out more and are easy prey for predators including foxes and coyotes.

Question: Has the average winter temperature increased or decreased?

Situation: To help hide from predators the snow hare has evolved to turn white in winter to blend in with the snow. But in recent years winters have been warmer and the snow is melting earlier than usual. Without snow on the ground the white hares stand out more and are easy prey for predators including foxes and coyotes.

Question: What animal is being harmed by the shorter winter?

Situation: To help hide from predators the snow hare has evolved to turn white in winter to blend in with the snow. But in recent years winters have been warmer and the snow is melting earlier than usual. Without snow on the ground the white hares stand out more and are easy prey for predators including foxes and coyotes.

Question: What animal is benefiting from the shorter winter?

Situation: To help hide from predators the snow hare has evolved to turn white in winter to blend in with the snow. But in recent years winters have been warmer and the snow is melting earlier than usual. Without snow on the ground the white hares stand out more and are easy prey for predators including foxes and coyotes.

Question: What animal is adapted to the snow?

Situation: To help hide from predators the snow hare has evolved to turn white in winter to blend in with the snow. But in recent years winters have been warmer and the snow is melting earlier than usual. Without snow on the ground the white hares stand out more and are easy prey for predators including foxes and coyotes.

Question: Is the snow hare population increasing or decreasing?

Situation: To help hide from predators the snow hare has evolved to turn white in winter to blend in with the snow. But in recent years winters have been warmer and the snow is melting earlier than usual. Without snow on the ground the white hares stand out more and are easy prey for predators including foxes and coyotes.

Question: Is the climate changing or staying the same?
Background: Any unused energy in food—whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids—is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity occurs when the body mass index is 30.0 kg/m 2 or greater. Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of the fat content of the body. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight (in kilograms) by the square of the person’s height (in meters). Obesity increases the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Situation: Jane had always had a physical job. Recently she got a desk job. Jane realized that even though she was not as active as she used to be she was eating the same amount of food and wondered how this would effect her.

Question: Will jane lose or gain weight?

Situation: Jane had always had a physical job. Recently she got a desk job. Jane realized that even though she was not as active as she used to be she was eating the same amount of food and had gained weight.

Question: Is jane using more or less calories than she is eating?

Situation: Jane had always had a physical job. Recently she got a desk job. Jane realized that even though she was not as active as she used to be she was eating the same amount of food and had gained weight.

Question: Is jane easting more or less calories than she is using?

Situation: Jane had always had a physical job. Recently she got a desk job. Jane realized that even though she was not as active as she used to be she was eating the same amount of food and had gained weight.

Question: Is jane storing or burning body fat?