allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: 1）Technological Advancements: With rapid development in meteorological and hydro-logical monitoring technologies, Wuhan has established an advanced early warning system that can monitor key indicators such as rainfall and river water levels in real-time. These technological tools have made flood forecasting more accurate, allowing precious time for per-deployment of flood control measures.
2）Infrastructure Upgrades: Wuhan has invested heavily in infrastructure such as levees and drainage systems. Measures like strengthening embankments, building drainage networks, and expanding reservoirs have significantly enhanced the city's flood prevention capabilities.
3）The Protective Role of the Three Gorges Project: The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydro-power project, is strategically located near the boundary between the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It controls water flow over an area exceeding 1 million square kilometers, accounting for 56% of the river basin. The dam effectively reduces upstream flood pressure and lowers flood risks in downstream areas, providing critical support for Wuhan's flood prevention capabilities.
4）Policies and Coordination: The central and local governments place high importance on Wuhan's flood prevention efforts by implementing stricter policies and enhancing interdepartmental coordination to ensure efficient resource allocation and swift response to flood events. Meanwhile, the government has strongly promoted ecological restoration projects, such as rehabilitating wetlands and lake functions, to boost the city's natural flood defense capabilities.
5）Economic and Social Support: Wuhan's economic growth has provided ample funding for large-scale flood control projects, while public awareness of disaster prevention continues to improve. Joint efforts by the government and the public have equipped the city with stronger emergency management capabilities.
Through these multi-faceted efforts, Wuhan has transformed from a city frequently plagued by floods into a resilient and sustainably developed modern metropolis, offering valuable experience and references for other cities.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: In the research of gene - editing technology for the treatment of rare diseases, how can we comprehensively identify the relevant literature on the success rates, safety data, technical challenges, and ethical controversies at each stage from animal experiments to clinical trials for different gene - editing tools (such as CRISPR - Cas9, TALENs, etc.) in the treatment of specific rare diseases (such as cystic fibrosis, sickle - cell anemia, etc.) through accurate literature retrieval?
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Thank you, will you more detail about the pyrene fluoresence fine structure on the following paper: Non-Kasha fluorescence of pyrene emerges from a dynamic equilibrium between excited states.
Gabriel Braun, I. Borges, A. Aquino, H. Lischka, F. Plasser, S. A. do Monte et al. Journal of Chemical Physics. 2022.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Recognizing the neurodevelopmental differences inherent to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which can manifest as challenges with executive functions (e.g., attention regulation, working memory, organization, impulsivity) and variable energy levels, what evidence-based pedagogical methods, learning strategies, and cognitive approaches have been rigorously demonstrated to most effectively facilitate the acquisition and long-term retention of novel academic or practical material for individuals with ADHD? Specifically, how can these scientifically validated techniques be adapted, modified, and integrated into a personalized, flexible, and supportive learning framework to empower individuals with ADHD in maximizing their understanding and recall, acknowledging that sustained focus and perfect mastery are processes that require tailored strategies, patience, and often fluctuate over time for each person?
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Autonomous intelligent agents are intelligent systems capable of perceiving their environment, acting independently based on their own goals, and continuously influencing the environment to achieve a desired future state. They aim to emulate the perception, decision-making, and action abilities of humans or biological entities in complex environments, allowing them to independently complete tasks without the need for continuous external supervision. Autonomous intelligent agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a major focus of research in the field of artificial intelligence. The strong reasoning, planning, and contextual understanding capabilities of LLMs provide unprecedented opportunities for building more advanced autonomous intelligent agents. Agents based on LLMs utilize the LLM as a core controller and integrate memory, planning, and action modules, exhibiting powerful environmental perception, task decomposition, and dynamic adaptation capabilities. This trend is evolving autonomous agents from traditional systems that rely on explicit rules or preset programs towards a more flexible and intelligent direction.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Write a paper on The Impact of Smart Distribution Networks on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability. Include the following components:
1. Introduction
2. Smart Distribution Networks: Concepts and Technologies
3. Benefits of Smart Distribution Networks
3.1. Enhanced Monitoring and Control Systems
3.2. Improved Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
4. Challenges and Barriers to Implementation
5. Case Studies and Real-World Applications
6. Conclusion and Future Perspectives                                                                                                                        7. references
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: 
The direct injection model explains solar prominence formation as a process where plasma is directly transported from the chromosphere or lower corona into magnetic structures in the corona, such as sheared or twisted magnetic field lines (flux ropes). These magnetic fields provide the necessary support against gravity and act as conduits for plasma injection. The plasma is lifted along field lines through mechanisms like magnetic reconnection or localized heating, with the mass injection rate given by 
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��
��
M
˙
 =ρvA, where 
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ρ is plasma density, 
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v is the flow velocity, and 
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A is the cross-sectional area of the magnetic flux tube. Once injected, the plasma cools via radiative losses described by 
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rad
=
−
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Λ
(
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)
Q 
rad
​
 =−n 
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​
 n 
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​
 Λ(T), where 
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n 
e
​
  and 
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n 
i
​
  are the electron and ion densities, and 
Λ
(
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)
Λ(T) is the radiative loss function. The prominence achieves stability through hydrostatic balance, where the pressure gradient along the magnetic field balances the gravitational component, expressed as 
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=
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​
 =−ρg 
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 , with 
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 =gcosθ. Observational evidence, including Doppler-shifted plasma flows, chromospheric connectivity, and the match between cooling rates and observed prominence temperatures (
1
0
4
10 
4
 -
1
0
5
10 
5
  K), strongly supports this model. The direct injection model effectively accounts for the formation, mass loading, and stability of solar prominences.






is it accurate it not correct and make it better
Subject: physics
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Ago2 is a RISC component that
demonstrates endonuclease activity to cleave the target mRNA of miRNA (Ikeda et
al., 2006). Ago2-deficient mice exhibited anomalies in neural tube closure and
forebrain mis-patterning (Morita et al., 2007). Dicer is an auxiliary RISC component
with RNase III enzymatic activity that cleaves pre-miRNA to produce mature
miRNA (Y. S. Lee et al., 2004).
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: VOCATIONAL SCENARIO:
As the E-commerce Manager of Unilever - a multinational company operating within Canada - you are tasked with a pivotal role. Unilever aims to improve its domestic market share and increase its brand positioning amidst competitors in the Canadian market. 
Your assignment involves conducting comprehensive research on the competition and developing an e-commerce plan informed by your findings. This plan should be strategically designed to advance the business and marketing objectives of the organization. 



REPORT ACTIVITY AND GUIDANCE:

1.	Analyze the consumer needs, competitor analyses, and market trends within the chosen company's industry and propose a new product or service. Describe the value proposition, product/service benefits, and target consumers/customers of the proposed offering. 
2.	Identify the SMART business objectives and marketing / e-commerce objectives for this new launch that align with the organization's business and marketing goals.
3.	Develop an integrated E-commerce and Marketing plan for the launch, including:
-	SEO plan (keyword analyses and SEO table).
-	Social media content strategy/pillars and calendar plan.
-	Propose and demonstrate other relevant integrated promotional tactics, such as display ads, video ads, TV commercials (TVC), print ads, billboards, public relations (PR), email marketing, mobile marketing, and cinema ads. Include an integrated plan covering all e-commerce, social media, digital, and traditional tools. TRANSFERABLE SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES DEVELOPED:  

•	Use appropriate business systems and digital tools effectively to deliver e-commerce outcomes efficiently, such as analyzing data and producing reports.
•	Produce a wide range of creative and effective communications.
•	Assimilate and analyze data and information from a range of sources to support marketing and e-commerce activities.
•	Analyze and apply effective e-commerce infrastructure to create an integrated e-commerce plan.
•	Commercial acumen based on an awareness of the key drivers for e-commerce success.
•	How to plan and deliver tactical campaigns against SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound) objectives.
•	How to evaluate the effectiveness of the e-commerce plan by selecting the appropriate digital and online data sources.
•	A creative and analytical mind, with a willingness to think of new ways of doing things.
•	Research skills for evidence-based decision-making.

Take a deep breath, think, search the internet and be specific with the details. This report should be written in a formal business style. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate. use 1000 words. 
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Give me reference for below text

Model Compression Techniques Representative protocols in this family include FedPAQ [ref], which applies quantization and sparsification to reduce the bit-width of gradients transmitted, and Top-K sparsification methods [ref] that transmit only the most significant model updates per round. While quantization reduces the data size by encoding gradients with fewer bits, sparsification selectively sends only a subset of gradient elements, which can yield higher compression but may require additional error compensation techniques to maintain accuracy.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The following proteins are those that decreased in the cell treatment. Which of the following is strongly involved in cell proliferation and wound repair (in the direction of promotion) due to the decrease in expression?
HDGF
KRT6B
LGALS3
SGSH
PRCP
CNBP
GGH
PLBD2
FABP3
COL6A2
CTHRC1
APEX1
PTMS
CRABP2
CAT
PCOLCE
HMGN1
CCDC50
SERF2
GNS
SDF4
NPC2
HEXB
SAFB
CTSK
ALYREF
CTSC
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase RESEARCH STRATEGies (including Significance, Innovation, Approach ) for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Silicates can react with various substances, including acids, bases, and certain metals. For example:

1. **Acids**: Silicates can react with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to produce silicic acid and a salt.
   \[
   Na_2SiO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow H_4SiO_4 + 2NaCl
   \]

2. **Bases**: In some cases, silicates can react with strong bases, but this is less common and typically involves specialized conditions.

3. **Metals**: Under high-temperature conditions, silicates can react with certain metals to form silicides.

These reactions depend on the specific type of silicate and the reaction conditions.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: In order to optimize the time spent searching for relevant information, the possibilities of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to simplify this process were explored. NLP, a field of study in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, is dedicated to the analysis and understanding of human language by computers.
This area seeks to develop computer methods capable of interpreting and processing human language in a human-like way. Through NLP, computers can perform complex tasks, such as translating texts, understanding complex questions and even generating original texts, with different levels of sophistication and naturalness. Applying NLP to the search for information makes it possible to improve the accuracy and relevance of the results, making the process more efficient and less laborious.
One of the great challenges of NLP lies in the complexity of the semantics present in human language. Teaching machines syntactic analysis, how nouns, verbs, adverbs and other grammatical elements work, as well as their nuances and interpretations, is still a challenging task, even with technological advances. To overcome this obstacle and enable machines to understand the meaning behind words, various techniques and approaches are used in the development of NLP models. These include training with extensive databases, which expose the models to a wide range of linguistic examples, supervised learning, which is based on data previously annotated by humans to teach the models specific patterns, and tokenization, a process that fragments text into smaller units to facilitate analysis and information processing. 


Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: The relationship between bottom-up and top-down processing is amplified by hearing loss. Poor bottom-up input forces the brain to compensate through top-down mechanisms, yet this compensation is not always effective, especially in complex listening environments. This interplay explains why individuals with hearing loss often experience difficulty understanding speech in noisy settings, even when using hearing aids or cochlear implants. While these devices enhance sensory input, they cannot fully restore the clarity needed for effortless bottom-up processing. Understanding this relationship, along with the roles of spatial unmasking and the interplay of energetic and non-energetic masking, is crucial for designing effective interventions, such as auditory training, cognitive therapies, and advanced hearing technology, to balance the demands on both types of processing and improve overall communication outcomes.

Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: To determine if a person passing a wall on CCTV is the same before and after passing, we must first distinguish if it is a person and then if it is the same person. However, if the boundary for defining a person is too narrow in the process of distinguishing a person, it becomes difficult to determine if the person before and after passing is the same person. I am looking for a computer vision paper that proposes a methodology using not only the direction but also the magnitude of a vector to solve this problem.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: find relevant references for "The advent of modern astronomical surveys has revolutionized our understanding of the universe. Large-scale observational programs have amassed unprecedented volumes of high-quality data, enabling detailed studies across multiple astronomical domains \citep{Ivezic2012,Weinberg2013,LSST2017,Aerts2021}. This wealth of information has motivated the development of data-driven models and machine learning techniques to extract meaningful insights from complex astronomical phenomena {\color{red} [REFs]}."
Subject: physics
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: What are the most effective hair regrowth products, compounds, services, and devices for a 33-year-old male in the US with temple recession at Class 3 hair loss? Please include all remedies, whether FDA-approved or natural, that are proven to work. Options can include oral treatments, topical solutions, devices, or PRP injections. I am not considering hair transplants. Affordable solutions are preferred, though I am open to exploring PRP. There are no known sensitivities.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: talk about these in the context of SLT: Need for critically-aware resources: Advocate for the selection of SLT materials that thoughtfully explore class, gender, and privilege to provide a more nuanced understanding of cultural narratives and societal structures.
Promoting critical thinking: Explain how incorporating these critical analyses into SLT can encourage learners to examine societal structures, challenge biases, and develop a deeper awareness of cultural complexities.
Connecting to learners' realities: Emphasize the importance of choosing materials that reflect the diverse backgrounds and experiences of learners, fostering inclusivity and encouraging them to link their own lives to broader social issues.

Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: You're an undergraduate student skilled at academic writing. 
Your task is to generate 3 research topics and titles based on the given text content.

Here is some important rules:
Understand the keywords and core viewpoints, and generate 3 innovative and forward-looking academic paper topics and titles. Avoid repeating existing research unless it is necessary to deepen or expand it. And narrow this topics to manageable scope.

Here is the given text content:
<content>
Adaptive interface for extended reality: physical-virtual design paradigm empowered by generative AI
</content>

Now that you fully understand the task requirements, please output the best result strictly using this JSON schema:
{
  "titles": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "title": "First title option",
      "topic": "First paper topic"
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "title": "Second title option",
      "topic": "Second paper topic"
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "title": "Third title option",
      "topic": "Third paper topic"
    }
  ]
}
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: Check for prior work: We propose a causal inference framework for deriving scaling laws through targeted interventions. Our
method involves: 1) Identifying key factors hypothesized to drive scaling behavior (e.g., model width,
depth, training data quantity, data quality, training time). 2) Designing a series of controlled experiments
where we intervene on one factor while controlling for others. 3) Utilizing causal inference techniques
(e.g., instrumental variables, difference-in-differences) to isolate the causal effect of each factor on
performance. 4) Developing a causal model that predicts performance improvements based on
interventions across multiple factors. 5) Analyzing interaction effects and potential confounders in the
causal model. 6) Using the causal model to simulate and optimize hypothetical scaling strategies.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I want to dope with high-entropy of five elements based on the Li1.2Mn0.802 structure to encourage the capacity of the cathode material: 2250 mAh g-1 (0.1C rate), capacity retention rate of 290% after 100 cycles, rate performance, and capacity retention rate of >80% at 1C rate, voltage platform: 23.5V (vs. Li/Li). Which five elements should I choose? Do you think Ni, Mo, Nb, Fe, Cr are good? Please help me recommend the best combination of candidate elements and formulate the corresponding synthesis process.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Ideation
Query: Write on the adoption of information systems (IS) with references ------------- given the transformative role technology plays in modern economies and societies. .............theoretical models have been proposed to explain the adoption of IS, focusing on constructs such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Among the most widely used models are the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and the Task-Technology Fit (TTF) framework.  
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Could you give me related papers of the three papers of "Telextiles: End-to-end Remote Transmission of Fabric Tactile Sensation", "Pinching Tactile Display: A Cloth that Changes Tactile Sensation by Electrostatic Adsorption", "Wi-Monitor: Wi-Fi Channel State Information-based Crowd Counting with Lightweight and Low-cost IoT Devices", which are about "Development of a Remote Interface for Recognizing and Transmitting Subtle Changes Based on Movement " 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I am a researcher looking to conduct a review of literature on bioelectrocatalysis in which a combination of enzymes and carbon nanomaterials are employed for applications in green chemistry and green energy. I would like to generate a table. Each row represents a different article (please ensure they are real). For each article, use columns to delineate what is the enzyme being used in the study, what carbon nanomaterial is employed, the raw chemical inputs, the product outputs, the key chemical reaction being catalysed, and key figures of merit (e.g. production rate, current density, etc). If there are articles that talk about enzyme-mimicking or enzyme-like nanomaterials, please ignore these. Only papers that involve an enzyme and a carbon nanomaterial, used to perform an electrocatalytic reaction, need to be used. Please ignore any review articles. Please report back with up to 100 of the most articles fitting the search criteria, include a column with a doi link and export the table into a spreadsheet formt
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: It is well established that LLMs exhibit biases, stereotypes, and fairness concerns, with documented issues of misrepresentation and underrepresentation across gender \citep{Zhao2024GenderBI}, race \citep{an2024measuring}, and religion \citep{naous2023beer}. 
While many studies highlight these issues and expose disparities in model outputs across different groups they predominantly focus on Western contexts and demographics, limiting their relevance to diverse, multicultural societies. write a citation for the last line.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: find a study that will support this introduction: In this experiment, students will investigate the effects of initial velocity and angle of projection on the horizontal distance traveled by a projectile. By utilizing an inclined plane and a ball launcher, the experiment aims to provide a hands-on understanding of the principles of projectile motion. The first part of the experiment involves launching a marble from different heights on the inclined plane and measuring the horizontal distance it travels upon release. This will allow students to observe how varying the initial height influences the projectile's horizontal range.

In the second part of the experiment, students will theoretically analyze the projectile's motion when launched at specific angles using a ball launcher. By adjusting the angle of projection and measuring the resulting horizontal distance, students will gain insights into how the angle affects the trajectory and range of the projectile. Through multiple trials and calculations, students will compute the average horizontal distances and initial velocities, reinforcing their understanding of the relationship between the angle of projection, initial velocity, and the resulting motion of the projectile. This experiment not only illustrates the fundamental concepts of projectile motion but also enhances students' skills in experimental design, data collection, and analysis.
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Question 1: Given f(z) = u + iv is analytic in a region R
(a) Prove that u and v are harmonic in R if they have continuous second
partial derivatives in R.
(b) Prove that u = e
−x
(x sin y − y cos y) is harmonic.
(c) Find v such that f(z) = u + iv is analytic.
Subject: math
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Founder 3xTg-AD mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) and subsequently bred and maintained under pathogen-free conditions at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana. Animals were housed in groups of seven per cage in individually ventilated stainless-steel cages (36 × 20 × 14 cm) with autoclaved sawdust bedding. Environmental conditions were controlled, including a 12:12 h light/dark cycle (lights on at 07:00) and ambient temperature maintained between 22 - 25 °C
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: By early 2024, global oil consumption had reached 102.8 million barrels per day, with the United States alone accounting for approximately 19 million barrels daily, representing a continued increase from 2022. Despite the availability of 1,765.2 billion barrels in proven reserves, the continued reliance on fossil fuels has elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to 425.40 ppm by December 2024, with levels consistently approaching or exceeding 425 ppm in early 2025.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: Silicates can react with various substances, including acids, bases, and certain metals. When silicates react with acids, they can produce silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and salts. For example, when reacting with hydrochloric acid, the reaction might yield silicon dioxide and a chloride salt. Silicates can also react with certain metals at high temperatures to form silicides. Additionally, under specific conditions, silicates may undergo reactions with other silicate compounds to form different silicate structures or minerals.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Lithium-rich disordered cathode materials have several advantages, including:

1. High Energy Density: These materials offer higher capacity and energy density compared to traditional cathode materials, which can lead to longer battery life for electronic devices.
2. Improved Stability: The disordered structure can enhance the stability of the cathode material during cycling, reducing the rate of capacity degradation and improving battery longevity.
3. Better Rate Performance: Lithium-rich disordered cathode materials can provide better performance at high discharge rates, making them suitable for applications requiring rapid energy delivery.
4. Increased Safety: Improved thermal stability of these materials can contribute to safer battery operation and reduce the risk of thermal runaway.
5. Cost-Effectiveness: Utilizing abundant and inexpensive elements in these materials can potentially lower the overall cost of battery production.

These advantages make lithium-rich disordered cathode materials a promising option for advanced battery technologies.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: find llm-relevant related papers for drafting the related work section for paper with this abstract:

Understanding the emotional trajectories of cancer survivors and their needs for emotion regulation and digital support is crucial for improving their quality of life. We conducted a five-week mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study with 417 cancer survivors, who provided open-text descriptions of emotion drivers (average length: [mean] words, standard deviation: [std]) and self-reported scores related to their life experiences three times daily. In this paper, we propose an \textbf{LLM-powered context-aware framework} that utilizes Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to retrieve contextually relevant EMAs from other survivors. These retrieved emotion drivers and their associated self-reported scores serve as "few-shot" examples to predict participants' current emotional states, while also considering their temporal emotion trajectories. Our framework predicts positive and negative emotions, desire for emotion regulation, outcomes, and availability for digital interventions. The results demonstrate that our approach exceeds language analysis baselines, significantly improving prediction accuracy by integrating contextually similar EMA retrieval and temporal trajectories. Furthermore, it shows promise in identifying optimal opportunities and availability for delivering personalized digital interventions, providing timely support for cancer survivors. This study suggests that leveraging advanced language models with contextual awareness offers deeper insights into the emotional well-being of cancer survivors, contributing to better support systems and intervention strategies.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: In the worst case, orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes such as TDMA and FDMA incur significant scheduling overhead and suffer from poor spectral efficiency—each user must wait for its dedicated time or frequency, leading to high access latency and underutilized bandwidth, especially as the number of devices grows. In contrast, grant-free NOMA allows all edge users to transmit simultaneously over the same resources without prior handshaking, dramatically reducing access delay and boosting throughput. However, most prior NOMA-WFL studies have either focused on grant-based NOMA with its inherent signalling delays or on hybrid NOMA/TDMA approaches that only optimize latency (or energy) in isolation, without jointly addressing the collision-induced interference and the latency–energy trade-off under truly uncoordinated, grant-free access.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Write a literature review to support this. One paragraph only. The field of construction cybersecurity has rapidly evolved in response to the accelerating digitization of the built environment, often referred to as Construction 4.0. The integration of advanced technologies—such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, digital twins, and cloud-based management platforms—has revolutionized construction productivity, collaboration, and lifecycle management. However, this digital transformation has also expanded the threat landscape, exposing critical infrastructure to increasingly sophisticated cyber-physical risks.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: However, despite the remarkable potential shown by LLM-driven autonomous intelligent agents in specific tasks, they still face significant challenges in achieving true autonomy and goal alignment. A core bottleneck lies in how the agents continuously understand the task process, calibrate, and maintain alignment with goals. Many current intelligent systems heavily rely on preset or supervised goal alignment mechanisms by human experts. This dependency leads to two main issues:

Firstly, there exists a significant problem of model asymmetry, where there are differences in understanding the world, capability boundaries, and intentions between human users (or designers) and the intelligent agents. Converting human intentions into computable formalized goals poses difficulties.

Secondly, intelligent agents often excessively rely on final results or sparse external feedback during execution, lacking continuous awareness of subtle differences between their actions and goals. This can lead to issues such as "reward hacking" or similar problems when the agent is solely driven by the final outcome.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: The movement was greeted by Europeans with sympathy and welcomed collaboration. Intellectuals and thinkers directed attention to Russian support to Slavs and opposition to the Ottoman rule and advocated defending Slavic rights and expelling Ottomans from there. This struck a chord with the vision of Slavic societies to liberate Slavs and challenge Ottoman power with its army. Intellectual momentum galvanized anti-Ottoman pressure with significant support from across Europe. Among its most notable sympathisers was William Gladstone who became an enthusiastic backer of the cause.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: "Asexual Civilization in the Age of AI"

Sexual intercourse has been a cornerstone of human societies, shaping cultural evolution, artistic expression, and biological imperatives. The sexual drive can be framed as an irreducible force in evolution. 

Yet artificial intelligence—often designed as an *asexual* entity devoid of biological urges—is increasingly mediating human relationships. 

Will the age of Age of AI give birth to an Asexual Civilization focused on mutual self preservation of human and AI or a Civilization that enslaves humans?
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Ideation
Query: Running coaches suggest strength building exercises to improve runners ability to run faster over longer distances. Research over the last 5 years is revealing potential synergies in exercise recovery, VO2 Max, cross training, Pilates, yoga, plyometrics, oscillatory contractions, visualization exercises, breathing drills and nutrition programs. What unique training combinations might produce faster stronger runners in 12 week cycles or shorter training programs based on recent research that you have access to?
Subject: sports science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: NNs are computational models composed of layers of interconnected nodes, or "neurons," that transform input data through learned weights and non-linear activation functions. They are particularly effective for tasks involving high-dimensional, unstructured, or complex data distributions due to their capacity to approximate arbitrary functions. Advanced approaches such as the attention mechanism in transformers and residual connections improve learning efficiency and model expressiveness, enabling state-of-the-art performance across domains including natural language processing, computer vision, and biomedical prediction. 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: what are the papers that discuss this paragraph:

Fine-tuning an LLM on instructional datasets closes the gap between
the model’s next-word prediction objective and the user’s goal of instruction adherence;
(2) IT allows for more controllable and predictable model behavior compared to standard
LLMs. The instructions help constrain the model’s outputs to align with specific response
characteristics or domain knowledge, enabling human intervention in the model’s behavior;
and (3) IT is computationally efficient, allowing LLMs to quickly adapt to specific domains
without requiring extensive retraining or modifications to the model architecture.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The pain point of maintaining deep user conversations described in the findings of this study echoes previous research that has pointed to the problems posed by existing LLM interaction models. Specifically, the interaction mode of LLM's chatbot is mainly linear and text-intensive, and users can only have a single-stream conversation with the chatbot. This results in text responses that are often lengthy and require further understanding and action by the user, especially for complex tasks. As a result, users must engage in multiple rounds of conversations, both exploring what the chatbot can understand and communicating the user's own intentions and preferences. One study, \cite{pirolli1999information}, uses a cue-based decomposition method that automatically breaks down tasks into subtasks to help users organize ideas and explore different options and suggestions. The system, "ExploreLLM," provides a new reference to interaction patterns by combining a cue-based approach to task decomposition with a graphical user interface (UI).
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Please write the discussion for scientific article according to the following results. Compared to Neil2+/+ CD4+ T-cells, stimulation of Neil2-/- T-cells with anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 without IL-4 was sufficient to stimulate Th2 differentiation. This was characterized by an increase in the number of T-cells expressing pSTAT6 and GATA3, and secretion of IL4, IL5, and IL13. The inhibition of STAT6 in Neil2-/- CD4+T-cells suppressed these Th2 cytokines secretions. Compared to mice adoptively transferred of Neil2+/+ CD4+T-cell, adoptive transfer of Neil2-/- CD4+T-cells to Rag1-/- followed by sensitization and challenge with CDE stimulated much greater increase in the number of pSTAT6+, GATA3+, IL4+, IL5+, and IL13+ CD4+T-cells in the lung tissues and eosinophils in BALF of the recipient mice. In vivo transfection of recombinant NEIL2 with a cell-penetrating peptide to the recipient mice suppressed CDE challenge-induced this Th2 inflammation. 
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: Based on the papers, Develop a Structured Literature Review: 
− Organize the literature review into key themes or subtopics. 
− Discuss each theme, highlighting: 
▪ Key findings and contributions of the studies. 
▪ Contrasting viewpoints or debates. 
▪ Methodologies used in the studies (quantitative, qualitative, mixed). 
▪ Identified gaps or limitations.
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 1.	Yoshimatsu Y, Tobino K, Sueyasu T, et al. Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test Predicts COPD Exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2777-2785.
2.	Yoshimatsu Y, Tobino K, Sueyasu T, et al. Repetitive saliva swallowing test and water swallowing test may identify a COPD phenotype at high risk of exacerbation. Clin Respir J. 2019;13(3):484-491.
3.	Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, et al. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(5 Pt 1):1418-1422.
4.	Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1128-1138.
5.	Terada K, Muro S, Ohara T, et al. Abnormal swallowing reflex and COPD exacerbations. Chest. 2010;137(2):326-332.
6.	Yoshimatsu Y, Tobino K, Sueyasu T, et al. Repetitive saliva swallowing test and water swallowing test may identify a COPD phenotype at high risk of exacerbation. Clin Respir J. 2019;13(3):484-491.
7.	Martin BJ, Logemann JA, Shaker R, et al. Coordination between respiration and swallowing: respiratory phase relationships and temporal integration. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994;76(1):714-723.
8.	Gross RD, Atwood CW Jr, Ross SB, et al. The coordination of breathing and swallowing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(7):559-565.
9.	Shaker R, Li Q, Ren J, et al. Coordination of deglutition and phases of respiration: effect of aging, tachypnea, bolus volume, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol. 1992;263(5 Pt 1):G750-G755.
10.	Yoshimatsu Y, Tobino K, Nagami S, et al. Breathing–Swallowing Discoordination and Inefficiency of an Airway Protective Mechanism Puts Patients at Risk of COPD Exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:699-709.
11.	Terada K, Muro S, Ohara T, et al. Abnormal swallowing reflex and COPD exacerbations. Chest. 2010;137(2):326-332.
12.	Yoshimatsu Y, Tobino K, Sueyasu T, et al. Repetitive saliva swallowing test and water swallowing test may identify a COPD phenotype at high risk of exacerbation. Clin Respir J. 2019;13(3):484-491.
13.	Yoshimatsu Y, Tobino K, Sueyasu T, et al. Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test Predicts COPD Exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2777-2785.
14.	Nagami S, Oku Y, Yagi N, et al. Breathing-swallowing discoordination is associated with frequent exacerbations of COPD. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2017;4(1):e000202.

Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: "Analyze and rank the single most important dietary intervention for cognitive enhancement based on scientific evidence:

Compare cognitive benefits of key dietary factors:

Omega-3 fatty acids
Antioxidants/Flavonoids
Essential amino acids
Complex carbohydrates
Micronutrients (specific vitamins/minerals)
Timing of meals
Caloric restriction/fasting


For each factor, evaluate:

Impact on neural health
Effect on BDNF levels
Neurotransmitter production
Memory enhancement
Cognitive protection
Long-term brain health
Practical implementation


Include specific metrics:

Optimal dosage/timing
Frequency requirements
Bioavailability
Time to see benefits
Cost-effectiveness
Safety profile


Consider individual factors:

Age groups
Current diet type
Health conditions
Absorption capacity"
Subject: nutrition science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Federated learning:
The trade-offs inherent in each protocol category are quantitatively evident. For instance, while model compression reduces transmitted data volume by up to 70%, it may introduce up to 5% accuracy loss in non-IID data distributions. Update frequency control decreases communication by around 50% but can extend convergence time by 10–20% depending on client heterogeneity. AirComp methods provide ultra-low latency (up to 60% reduction) but require synchronization within microseconds, posing practical deployment challenges. Similarly, hierarchical FL improves scalability and reduces server load by up to 40%, though at the cost of potential model inconsistency across aggregation layers.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Layout and scene editing are core components of multimodal reasoning, with applications ranging from modifying scientific posters and reflowing webpage components to adjusting visual scenes in natural images. These tasks require more than object detection or local manipulation—they demand the ability to reason about spatial alignment, grouping, and semantic structure. A simple edit such as inserting a section or repositioning an element often necessitates cascading updates to preserve coherence and communicative clarity. As humans, we perform these adjustments intuitively; however, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) or multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) possess the compositional reasoning abilities required to propagate such changes in a structured and semantically consistent manner. Situate your work
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Can you give more references for this statement: "One possible approach would be to encourage people to form implementation intentions (“if-then plans”), which are known to help people translate motivation into action (Gollwitzer 1999) in a range of behaviours from reducing suicidal ideation and behaviour (Armitage et al. 2016) to increasing physical activity (e.g. Epton and Armitage 2017), but not yet in relation to hearing aid use."
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 1.4.4 Other Nanocarriers
*   III.D.1.  Nanotubes and Nanofibers (Carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanofibers) (High aspect ratio, targeted delivery potential, examples)
*   III.D.2.  Dendrimers (Branched polymers, controlled drug encapsulation and release, examples)
  write content 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Targeting Esophageal Cancerfor Imaging and Therapy Using Claudin 6 Radioligands (EANM 2024) - "CLDN6 has a high expression rate in esophageal cancer and is a promising target for imaging and radioligand therapy. 89Zr-IMAB027 showed high contrast to visualize CLDN6 expressing xenografts for PET imaging, and 177Lu-IMAB027 induced rapid tumor regression in a preclinical model of EC 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: An ITH program that continued to mediate the most signaling under known heterogeneous conditions was considered a critical MP. 
Our results indicated that most cancers exhibited notable consistency across all drug groups. 
As shown in Figure 3, programs related to the cell cycle and stress responses displayed evident trends, reflecting the proliferation and metastasis characteristics of tumor cells. 
To assess the level of heterogeneity, core heterogeneity genes from each drug group were used to enrich the specific genes of MPs. 
The MP with the largest absolute value of the Normalized Enrichment Score (NES) was selected as the heterogeneity-associated MP contributing to differences in drug efficacy.

paraphrase this paragraph
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized model training across distributed edge devices while preserving data privacy by avoiding raw data transfer. This paradigm is highly suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where privacy, data locality, and bandwidth efficiency are critical.
However, deploying FL in wireless IoT environments remains challenging. Stochastic wireless impairments such as adding and interference, device heterogeneity, and adversarial threats (e.g., model poisoning, backdoors) severely degrade FL performance. Communication inefficiencies under grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) further complicate convergence and energy management.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Describe the optimal or observed relation/ associations/ links of the ratios between P (protein), C (carbohydrates) and F (fats) on optimal/ healthy testosterone production in men. (I.e., is more protein to fats more affective at supporting the body in synthesizing testosterone, or a higher carbohydrates to fats more affective at producing optimal levels of testosterone in men, etc…) 
Subject: nutrition science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Microplastics and e-waste-derived pollutants are emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on disease vectors such as Anopheles mosquitoes remains poorly understood. Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum, breeds in water bodies increasingly contaminated by microplastics and heavy metals leached from electronic waste. This study aims to investigate how these pollutants affect the development, survival, and vector competence of Anopheles mosquitoes. Laboratory-controlled experiments will assess larval growth, physiological stress markers, and immune responses following exposure to varying concentrations of microplastics and e-waste pollutants. Additionally, vector competence will be evaluated by determining P. falciparum infection rates in exposed adult mosquitoes. Findings from this study will provide novel insights into the role of environmental pollution in mosquito-borne disease transmission and contribute to developing integrated vector management strategies. This research aligns with Tanzania's malaria control efforts and the broader global agenda on environmental health and sustainable disease prevention
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other