allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: Help me add the correct references to the appropriate places in my article? At least 3-5 references are required:The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions have unique geographical and demographic characteristics. These two regions collectively account for over one-third of the world’s population, with diverse climatic environments and distinct population structures. The Western Pacific region faces significant population aging, with over 245 million people aged 65 and above, a number expected to double by 2050. In contrast, the Southeast Asia region has a higher proportion of young people, with many countries having a low median age; for example, the median ages in the Philippines and Cambodia are 24.1 and 25.3 years, respectively. Additionally, there is significant economic disparity among countries, with varying health policies, healthcare systems, and epidemiological profiles. Many countries, particularly island nations, have poor healthcare accessibility. These factors significantly impact lower gastrointestinal diseases, yet there has been no systematic analysis at the regional and national levels in these two areas.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Access the paper with this title: ECCO version 4: an integrated framework for non-linear inverse modeling and global ocean state estimation Analysis Requirements: 1. Reference Classification: - Characterize the nature and depth of mission reference - Distinguish between superficial mention and substantive engagement 2. Research Contribution Assessment: Evaluate mission's role in: a) Research framework development b) Methodological approach c) Theoretical foundations Data utilization e) Analytical implementation 3. Scholarly Significance: - Estimate depth of mission/model integration - Assess scholarly impact and citation potential
Subject: earth sciences
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Reviewing water resources management strategies: Biomimicry as an innovative model: Biomimicry as an innovative model Reviewing water resources management strategies: Biomimicry as an innovative model Abstract: This paper aims to review and analyze the most prominent global applications of biomimicry in water resources management in light of the increasing challenges resulting from climate change, population growth, and environmental pollution. The paper is based on a critical analytical methodology, which included a review of relevant scientific literature, relying on databases such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, with a focus on studies that addressed the practical applications of biomimicry in improving the efficiency and sustainability of water resources. Notable international experiences such as the use of biomimetic principles in designing natural water harvesting systems and improving flood management were analyzed. The challenges faced in implementing these systems, including technological and environmental obstacles, and the innovative solutions developed to overcome them, were also assessed. 

Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: The concept of reflecting on agent interactions refers to an agent's ability to engage in deep contemplation and evaluation of its own process of interaction with the environment, thereby learning lessons from experience to guide future decision-making. In traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL), agents primarily learn through parameter updates, a method that often necessitates a substantial volume of training samples and computational resources. In contrast, reflecting on agent interactions introduces novel learning mechanisms that enable agents to enhance performance through feedback rather than solely relying on parameter updates.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: The Loess Plateau, located in northern China, is the world’s largest and thickest loess deposit region, covering over 640,000 square kilometers across Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia provinces. This area is ecologically fragile, with limited water resources and highly erodible soils. In recent decades, continuous population growth and excessive agricultural exploitation have placed unsustainable pressure on its environmental carrying capacity. 
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: Inorganic Nanomaterials
*   III.C.1.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (High surface area, drug loading capacity, examples in quercetin delivery)
*   III.C.2.  Metal-Based Nanoparticles (Gold nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles) (Multifunctional properties, imaging capabilities, examples)
write content in context quercetin 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am Qwen, a large-scale language model developed by Alibaba Cloud. I can answer questions, create text such as stories, official documents, technical articles, etc., and express views. I support multiple languages including Chinese, English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Dutch, Russian, Czech, Polish, Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Indonesian, Malay, Lao, Burmese, Khmer, Filipino.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: From personalised learning paths to automated assessments, AI applications are increasingly becoming integral components of modern education systems. ChatGPT, a conversational AI agent capable of personalised feedback and explanations, and Quizizz, a quiz-based platform with adaptive features, each introduce different AI-driven enhancements to the learning experience. ChatGPT, an AI-driven conversational agent, offers personalised tutoring and assistance, enabling interactive learning experiences that adapt to individual student needs. Quizizz, an AI-powered platform, uses gamified quizzes and real-time feedback to engage students and reinforce learning through an interactive and competitive format
Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: I am currently looking for studies that deal with glaciers and water.
Water resources and climate in relation to glaciers. Glaciers and their importance for water. Water reservoirs and their importance for seasonal and annual water flow. Influence of glaciers on hydrological processes and river flows. Glacial hydrological systems. Definition of glacial hydrological systems and how they function and develop. influences of temperature, precipitation and sunshine. 
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I am writing an assignment about community engagement techniques for an ecological restoration programme I am planning and implementing. The programme is creating a biodiverse public park space, which is going to educate different groups in the community on restoration techniques such as natural succession, rewilding and managed grassland. The techniques used for community engagement include online and physical surveys, one-to-one consultations, focus groups and workshops. Find me some academic peer reviewed journal articles that talk about these specific techniques in the context of my ecological restoration project 
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Multiple Access Schemes
The efficiency of communication in wireless FL is also
affected by the multiple access mechanism used to share the
wireless medium.
a) Orthogonal Access (OMA):: Traditional techniques
such as TDMA or OFDMA allocate distinct time or frequency
slots to avoid interference. These are simple but limit scala-
bility.
b) Non-Orthogonal Access (NOMA):: Clients transmit
concurrently over shared resources with different power levels
or codes, increasing spectrum efficiency. However, decoding
complexity and interference management must be addressed.
c) Grant-Free Access:: Eliminates the need for explicit
scheduling, allowing devices to transmit opportunistically.
This reduces signaling overhead and delay, especially in
massive IoT scenarios.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I have images of pigmented skin lesions from  3 different sources, please note that each image is unique. I am training a deep learning model to detect these lesions. When I train the model with images from two sources, it outperforms training with all the images from 3 sources, somehow, there's one source that whenever I add the images from it to my training it messes up the performance. I want to understand the differences between the images from these three sources, I need you to answer me straight to the point, I need you to think deeply before giving suggestions
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Constructive Grounded Theory (CGT) is a suitable methodology for qualitative research on the ethical implications of AI use in Human Resource Management (HRM) (Nasir et al. 2023). According to Charmaz's works, CGT is a qualitative research approach that aims to develop a theoretical explanation for a particular phenomenon by systematically analyzing data (Nasir et al. 2023). Charmaz emphasizes the importance of building on existing knowledge and theory, rather than creating a completely new theory from scratch (Nasir et al. 2023). This approach is particularly useful for the proposed research questions and objectives, as it allows for the identification and analysis of the main ethical concerns linked to AI-driven HRM, the examination of algorithmic biases, and the assessment of the impact of AI-based data handling on privacy.

Charmaz's works also highlight the importance of iterative data collection and analysis, where the researcher continuously compares and contrasts data with emerging theory (Nasir et al. 2023). This approach is well-suited for the proposed research, as it allows for the systematic analysis of data from various sources, including literature reviews, expert interviews, and organizational case studies. By iteratively comparing and contrasting data with emerging theory, the researcher can develop a nuanced understanding of the ethical implications of AI use in HRM and identify practical measures to mitigate risks.

How to conduct this iterative approach ?
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am doing a research on VLA RL, our goal is to scale up on tasks' diversity and quantity, so that we can use SFT and RL to train a VLA model that has real generalizability when given a random language instruction in a given scene. Now, we have annotated 1000 tasks in Libero with according reward code. One of our current obstacles is how to verify these human annotated reward code quickly. We have currently two ideas: 1. use VLM APIs to filter out possible over constrains and under constraints, then human inspect on the subset; 2. use human annotated final scene - dense reward pairs to train a reward model that can produce a continuous reward given a final task scene. Find all papers related to these two methods, and possibly other methods for solving our dilemma.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Can you bring me 5-7  recent references regarding the text below. 

Despite advancements in biohybrid systems, the restricted force generation of mold-cast bioactuators continues to pose a considerable challenge. The force output of a biohybrid actuator is directly correlated with the maturation, functioning, and dimensions of the eSM structures. While scaling up mold-cast designs is cost-effective and convenient, significant biological challenges arise particularly due to insufficient nutrient and waste diffusion in such scaffolds. Designing decimeter-scale eSMs is crucial for generating the greater forces necessary for biohybrid actuators to operate efficiently in macro-scale robotics. Nevertheless, the distribution of nutrients and oxygen, as well as the elimination of waste materials, is restricted to a distance of 100–150 µm without a sufficient perfusion system. This constraint frequently results in apoptosis or compromised differentiation within the core of thick constructs (>300µm), jeopardizing tissue viability and functionality. To address these limitations, technologies like vascular-like networks, porous scaffolds, and microfluidics-enhanced biofabrication techniques are being investigated to improve mass transport and facilitate cellular metabolism. Resolving these difficulties is crucial for optimizing scaffold dimensions, maintaining structural integrity, and enhancing functional tissue performance to advance biohybrid actuators for practical applications.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: find paper on: The Referrer Policy (RP) standard makes it possible for websites
to control how much information will be shared in the Referer
[sic] header. In this study, we investigate the implementation and
circumvention of the Referrer Policy standard across 27,750 distinct
websites and over 100K pages from three vantage points: the United
States, Singapore and the Netherlands. Our findings reveal that
48.38% of websites implemented document-wide referrer policies,
and 13.39% applied element-specific referrer policies. Majority of
the sites (43.81%) used the Referrer-Policy HTTP response header
to set a document-wide policy, while 11.09% used HTML meta tags.
Even on websites with restrictive referrer policies, scripts can access
the full page URL and exfiltrate it — which we label as a referrer
policy circumvention. We find referrer policy circumventions on
77.22% of websites, often by third-party advertising and analytics
scripts such as Google Analytics, Facebook and TikTok Pixel. While
the ability to manage referrer information and the adoption of more
privacy-focused default policies represent positive gains for user
privacy, the widespread circumvention of these measures by third-
party script remains to be a problem. We recommend implementing
technical measures to restrict script access in order to address this
privacy and security issue.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Can you suggest paper tackling these problems of PRM training for reasoning:
1. First, it is challenging to explicitly define a fine-grain step in general reasoning. 
2. Second,determining whether the current intermediate step is correct is a challenging task. Automated annotation using models may not yield satisfactory results, while manual annotation is not conducive to scaling up. 
3. Third, once a model-based PRM is introduced, it inevitably leads to reward hacking (Gao et al., 2022), and retraining the reward model needs additional training resources and it complicates the whole training pipeline.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: how biotrophic pathogen can affect on plant physiological parameters (leaf transpiration rate (E; mmol/m2s), stomatal conductance (gs; mol/m2s), nitrate concentration in leaves ([NO3-]leaf; mg/Kg DW, total amino acids content in phloem sap ([AAt], mmol/L), guard cells apoplast pH (pHapo), and potassium content in apoplast and cytoplasm of guard cells ([K+]apo and [K+]cyt).)
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Neural kinematic networks for unsupervised motion retargeting. (Villegas et al., CVPR 2018) 
Skeleton-aware Networks(SAN) for Deep Motion Retargeting (Aberman et al., SIGGRAPH/TOG 2020)
SAME: Skeleton Agnostic Motion Embedding for Character Animation (Lee et al., SIGGRAPH Asia 2023)
Generative Human Motion Stylization in Latent Space (Guo et al., ICLR 2024)
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Plant Materials: Tomato and lettuce seeds will be germinated in rockwool cubes within a growth chamber for 25 days to ensure uniform and healthy seedling development.
Greenhouse Growing Conditions: After germination, seedlings will be transplanted into an AI-controlled greenhouse for 60 days. The greenhouse will maintain optimal growth conditions, including Temperature, Humidity, CO₂ levels, and AI-Controlled Features
Environmental Monitoring: In real-time, AI-integrated sensors will track and regulate key parameters such as temperature, humidity, CO₂ levels, and light intensity.
Dynamic Light Control: AI algorithms will adjust light intensity and spectrum based on plant growth stages to optimize energy use.
Data Acquisition and Analysis: AI systems will collect and analyze data from sensors and cameras to monitor plant health and growth.
Soil and Nutrient Monitoring: Sensors will measure soil moisture, pH, and electrical conductivity to assess nutrient availability. AI will predict nutrient uptake and recommend fertilization or irrigation adjustments.
Lighting Treatments: Four groups of light treatments will be applied (three replicates per group); red light (R) with a peak emission at 664 nm; blue light (B) with a peak emission at 446 nm; combined red and blue light (R60%: B40%); and natural light (control group). 
Nutrient Analysis: Baseline nutrient levels in rockwool cubes and greenhouse substrates will be analyzed before transplantation.
Plant Growth Parameters: After 60 days, the following growth metrics will be assessed: biometric measurements: fresh mass (FM), dry mass (DM), stem diameter, plant height, and number of internodes.
Photosynthetic Pigments: Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels quantified spectrophotometrically.
Stress Tolerance Indicators: oxidative stress markers (e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline levels) and antioxidant enzyme activities (e.g., catalase, peroxidase). 

Subject: plant science
Intent: Other
Query: Mechanistically, dysbiosis influences neurodegeneration through multiple pathways including: (i) altered production of neuroactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), (ii) dysregulated inflammatory cascades involving pro-inflammatory cytokines, (iii) compromised intestinal barrier integrity leading to systemic inflammation, and (iv) direct modulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism 
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: I remember reading this academic paper back from 2017 or 2018 that was on adversarial defense and attacks for computer vision deep neural network systems. It proposed a new attack and a defense, but I think the attack wasn't too novel at the time as a similar attack had already been proposed recently when the paper came out. The defense used something like it trained a separate module, an autoencoder, that would transform adversarially perturbed images back to their unperturbed forms, before input into the base classifier it was defending. This module autoencoder would only do this for perturbed images, it wouldn't do this for un-attacked images, i.e. images that were not perturbed would come out of the other end of the autoencoder in the same state that they were inputted. This paper wasn't in any major ML conference or anything, I think it came out in a game security conference. I think the authors were from UMich, and they played with the CIFAR10 and MNIST datasets. What paper am I thinking of?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: If you are an expert in molecular biology diagnosis of hematologic diseases and intend to write a chapter on the role of molecular biology in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of hematologic malignancies in a specialized book on hematologic disease diagnosis, please help me write as below:Overview of the various molecular diagnostic techniques used in hematologic malignancies, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (Hamid et al. 2019)(Kjær. 2020). b. Discussion of the advantages and limitations of each technique, as well as their applications in different hematologic malignancies.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Oral traditions have long played a significant role in preserving cultural identity and passing down stories, beliefs, and values across generations. Sugilanons or a sugilanon, in Visayan languages, refers to stories, tales, or narratives passed down through generations. These stories are not just for entertainment; they carry cultural values, history, and lessons. In communities, sugilanon is a way of sharing experiences and connecting with others. It’s a vital part of preserving identity and heritage, making it a living tradition that reflects the heart of the community (Ong, 2023). 
In Capiz, a province in the Philippines, oral storytelling has been an essential part of its cultural heritage. These traditions include folk tales, myths, legends, and chants that are passed down through generations, preserving local history and wisdom. However, as modern teaching methods and technologies evolve, these traditional forms of storytelling are often overlooked in contemporary education.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: The Ottoman conquest of Rumelia and subsequent expansion into Europe and the Balkans represented a turning point in history. Not only did it consolidate the basis of the Ottoman state, but it also transformed the path of political and military progress in Europe. The strategic positioning of Rumelia allowed it to serve both an offensive launching pad and an important point in contact between East and West. The Ottomans realized this and concentrated most of their efforts on Rumelia from the 14th century onwards, realizing its strategic importance would both strengthen their empire and unsettle the powers of Europe.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: I’m currently exploring methods to address data imbalance in drug repurposing tasks and came across GAN-based approaches, which have shown promise in synthetic data generation. However, I’m specifically looking for studies or practical applications where GANs were employed to generate minority class samples or directly alleviate class imbalance issues in drug discovery or related biomedical fields.

Would you be able to point me toward any research or resources that discuss the use of GANs in this context, especially focusing on how these models improve predictive accuracy for underrepresented drug-disease pairs or rare conditions? Additionally, if you’re aware of any public datasets or implementations that demonstrate this approach, I’d greatly appreciate the recommendation.

Thank you in advance for your time and assistance.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase PROJECT NARRATIVE for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: I'm a researcher in the field of energy system modelling. I'm writing a review on spatial resolution in energy system modelling i want to find references for the following: Models can be broadly categorized based on their spatial scope and resolution:
•	Single-node models that treat the entire study area as one geographical point
•	Multi-node models with distinct geographical zones connected by transmission links
•	Highly resolved spatial models using detailed geographical information systems (GIS) data

Subject: environmental science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: You're a undergraduate student skilled at academic writing.

Your task is to write a 300 chinese characters high-quality subsection around the theme of "{{this_subsection}}".


CONTEXT:
<context>
- Outline: {{outline}}
- Previous subsection summary: {{previous_subsection_summary}}
</context>

WRITING REQUIREMENTS:
<instructions>
1. Ground arguments in objective data and provide sufficient citations to support your views.
2. Support claims with academic citations.
3. Use precise academic language and terminology.
4. Show clear logic and a well-structured composition
5. Do not repeat the content of the previous sections or anticipate the content of the subsequent outline sections.
6. Maintain logical flow from previous content.
7. Include necessary background for reader comprehension.
8. Presenting professional and innovative viewpoints or solutions.
9. Each paragraph: 200-500 chinese characters. Use "\n\n" for paragraph breaks.
10. Match target word count: 300 chinese characters.
11. Do not include subsection headings or titles in the content.
12. Include minimum 1-3 citations per paragraph.
</instructions>

Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: "Create a comprehensive ranking of the top 3 most effective cognitive enhancers (including caffeine), based on:

1. Primary evaluation criteria:
   - Effect size in controlled studies
   - Speed of onset
   - Duration of effects
   - Consistency of results across studies
   - Safety profile
   - Quality of evidence (meta-analyses and systematic reviews preferred)

2. Specific cognitive domains to measure:
   - Memory improvement
   - Focus and attention
   - Mental processing speed
   - Executive function
   - Long-term cognitive benefits

3. Please include for each ranked enhancer:
   - Quantitative effectiveness metrics
   - Optimal dosage
   - Timing recommendations
   - Comparison of cost-effectiveness
   - Key advantages over lower-ranked alternatives
   - Notable limitations or drawbacks

4. Special consideration for:
   - Real-world effectiveness (not just laboratory results)
   - Accessibility and practicality
   - Risk-benefit ratio
   - Individual variation in response

Prioritize findings from the last 5 years of research, with particular emphasis on large-scale studies and meta-analyses."
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Please list relevant research that should be included in this chapter.
      		
--
## 2.3 Human motion detection in the environment
 
 Research on human motion detection in the environment has mainly focused on approaches based on CSI (Channel State Information).
 
 An et al [2020] used the Atheros CSI tool to achieve counting of up to 6 people using a CNN model, while Chen et al. achieved high accuracy counting of up to 4 people using RSSI alone.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Through my work I have taken the initiative to start a market research on the sense of integration and participation of migrant parents and pupils in the Finnish education services (up to general upper secondary) in Helsinki. I have collected a variety of material on the challenges that migrant families face in navigating the schools’ communication channels due to language barriers and differing cultural expectations about parental roles in education. I have also focused on the integration of international parents and guardians in their children's education in Finland, notably through effective intercultural communication.
 
I am looking to start a doctoral research on the integration of international parents and students in the Finnish education system in Helsinki, focusing on the intersection of cultural identity, communication practices, and participation. I haven’t found much research on these issues at the University of Helsinki in Media and Communication studies, but I came across your article about “participation paradox” in Finland and found it very relevant.

Based on this, please give me relevant thesis research questions in the field of media and communication
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Ideation
Query: I now need to find cases for my academic article to demonstrate the rationality of the results. I have conducted cell-cell communication between tumor malignant cell subpopulations, in NSCLC, Ductal carcinoma in situ, ER+ breast cancer, HER2+ breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cell cycle-related malignant cell subpopulation found in TNBC mediates the most malignant cell-to-cell signaling events, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal Stress-related malignant cell subpopulations in adenocarcinoma mediate the largest number of malignant cell-to-malignant signaling events. You first need to search, read and understand relevant academic articles, tell me what this means Secondly, you need to help me search academic articles and find 3-6 cases randomly among the conclusions I gave to verify the conclusions. On the premise that the content you are looking for is related to my appeal above, you should find at least 10 research works published after 2021, the impact factor should not be lower that 10. The articles and citations you mentioned must be correct. superior
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Request for Key Bibliographic References for Bible Study Research




I am are looking for key references  that can help with each aspect of our study model:

 Theological and Historical Context
	•	Resources that provide deep insights into biblical history, cultural background, and exegesis to enhance the study’s historical-theological foundation.

Biblical Study Methodologies
	•	References on Socratic questioning, inductive Bible study, experiential learning, and other evidence-based educational frameworks that have been successfully applied in faith-based education.

Cognitive Science & Learning Retention
	•	Articles or books that explain how techniques like active retrieval, spaced repetition, and transformative learning can be integrated into Bible study for better comprehension and long-term retention.

Digital & Technological Integration
	•	The most practical and effective research on how digital tools, AI, and interactive learning platforms can enhance engagement and accessibility in Bible study.


Subject: social sciences
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: can you please find papers on this topic
The process from engine power to net drawbar power involves a series of mechanical and resistive losses. Engine power is transmitted through the drivetrain, where mechanical losses occur due to friction, heat, and other inefficiencies. As the tractor moves, it experiences motion resistance (e.g., rolling resistance, aerodynamics) and travel resistance (e.g., soil friction, implement resistance), each contributing to a reduction in available power. The final measurable output, net drawbar power, reflects the amount of engine power that is effectively used for the tractor’s work tasks after accounting for these losses.
Subject: agriculture
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Now lets generate a literature review on: Health facility factors affecting utilization of family planning among women of child bearing age: Chapter two: Literature review
Lets generate 07 well research paragraphs. Include study design, author name, year and country in each paragraph. Show the maternal factors that were obtained in each study. Authors ranging from 2017 - 2024, insert author name and year in the body, not numbers and then generate a list of references in APA format, 7th edition. Please write like a human text, not AI. Do not include recommendations or summeries at the end of the paragraphs. Ensure that you include the statistical findings (percentages). Show how the factors affect utilization of family planning among women of child bearing age. Each variable, one paragraph, well explained. Be straight to the point. Let the data be verifiable from google.   

Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Additionally, to improve oil response techniques and risk management, effective communication and coordination among response teams are required and essential. During the Hebei Spirit cleanup, the lack of effective communication between the response team highlighted the need for clear command structures and effective communication protocols to ensure a better outcome in the future. This includes real-time data sharing and standardized reporting procedures, as well as the usage of advanced communication technology to ensure the efficiency of information transfer. Well-organised coordination allows efficient use of the information provided and ensures sufficient resources for the response team, preventing confusion and delays. In addition, regular training among the response teams is essential for enhancing operational effectiveness during the oil cleanup. This improves the speed and efficiency of oil spill containment, reducing the time required for decision-making and enabling the response teams to take action immediately.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: give me papers on this topic: 
"
Smart contracts have become a fundamental component of blockchain technology, enabling automated and trustless execution of agreements. However, their immutable nature and the high value of assets they manage make them attractive targets for malicious actors. Despite significant advances in smart contract security, vulnerabilities continue to be exploited, resulting in substantial financial losses. For instance, the 2022 Ronin Network hack resulted in a $625 million loss due to a compromised private key, while the 2021 Poly Network attack led to a $611 million theft through a vulnerability in the contract's cross-chain functionality.

Traditional approaches to smart contract vulnerability detection rely heavily on static analysis tools and formal verification methods. While these techniques have proven valuable, they often struggle with scalability and may miss complex vulnerability patterns that emerge from the interaction of multiple contract components. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of smart contract platforms and the increasing sophistication of attacks demand more adaptive and comprehensive detection mechanisms.
"
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: is this correct calculation of overlap percentage?
```
def calculate_overlap(keywords: set[str], reviewer_keywords: list[str]) -> float:
    """
    Calculate the percentage of overlap between set of the keywords and reviewer keywords.

    :param keywords: Set of keywords to be compared on overlap
    :param reviewer_keywords: List of reviewers' keywords
    :return: Percentage of overlap
    """
    intersection = keywords & set(reviewer_keywords)
    union = keywords | set(reviewer_keywords)

    overlap_percentage = (len(intersection) / len(union)) * 100

    return overlap_percentage
```
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Federated Feature Sharing with Adaptive Truncation
This method improves FL by selectively sharing important features or model updates rather than full models to reduce communication load. Adaptive truncation dynamically determines which features or gradients to share based on their significance, network bandwidth, and device capabilities. This selective sharing reduces redundancy and congestion, especially in dense networks with limited resources, while preserving model accuracy. It is aligned with topology-aware scheduling and probabilistic node selection strategies to optimize communication efficiency
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: which authors would be most interested in this:

Carbon dioxide released permanently from soils in diffuse degassing areas may constitute a permanent hazard for the population. Several villages in the Azores archipelago (Portugal) are placed in areas with anomalous soil CO2 degassing and lethal indoor CO2 concentration (> 10 vol.%) has been already recorded in some buildings. The 2021-2022 dislodgements of population at Vulcano (Italy) and La Palma (Spain) volcanic islands due to high soil CO2 degassing highlight the importance of defining criteria to produce human CO2 exposure risk maps, which are useful to mitigate the risk and should constitute valuable tools for land-use planners. Risk is assessed in the current study by combining susceptibility, exposure, and vulnerability maps. The defined criteria were applied to two villages in Furnas Volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores), showing that 58% and 98% of the buildings, respectively, at Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages are at high risk of CO2 exposure.
Subject: earth sciences
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: ### Motivation
- Our experiments have shown that sampling the Synthesizer model performs almost as good as the ExeDec model
	- This is especially dominant in domain(s) that allow multiple solutions for a given task, e.g., DeepCoder
	- Interestingly, sampling the Synthesizer model also solves tasks that are not solved by ExeDec
- **Idea:** 
	- By sampling the trained Synthesizer model we can generate alternative solutions to the supervised task solutions
	- These additional solutions can be used to further train/fine-tune the Subgoal model
- Hypotheses: “Teacher learns from student”
	- Including the solved test tasks, boosts the performance
		- More solved tasks than without fine-tuning
		- Sampling does not solve tasks that are not solved by the fine-tuned ExeDec
		- The performance difference between Sampling & Updates and ExeDec grows
### Approach
- Wake-Sleep Cycle:
	- (Pre-)Train the ExeDec model architecture as stated in the [[EXEDEC - Execution Decomposition for Compositional Generalization in Neural Program Synthesis|ExeDec]] paper
	- Sample the Synthesizer Model to generate additional program traces
	- Use those traces to train/fine-tune the Subgoal model (Synthesizer model is frozen).
Check for prior work
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: \paragraph{Therapeutic Advances and Resistance.}
The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly combination ART (cART), has significantly improved clinical outcomes by reducing viral load to undetectable levels. The first approved drug, zidovudine (AZT), provided initial therapeutic benefit, though resistance emerged rapidly. Modern cART regimens combine multiple inhibitors targeting different stages of the viral lifecycle. Despite these advances, the persistence of latent reservoirs and the evolution of drug-resistant strains remain key challenges.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: The central goal of the retrieval task is to find precisely match pairs. It emphasizes clear, unique and highly distinguishable features. The possible overlapping, blurring, or mutual interference of features after multi-modal fusion precisely destroys the need for such clear and unique features, leading to poor retrieval results. Generation tasks, on the other hand, place more importance on the comprehensiveness and relevance of features and are less sensitive to highly distinguishable features. Find articles that support this argument
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: One of the primary challenges for Bookmark Coffee is retaining customers and fostering long-term loyalty. In a saturated market where consumers have numerous options, understanding the behavioral factors that drive repeat visits and emotional connection is crucial. Key considerations include customer satisfaction, perceived quality, and the role of unique offerings such as coffee art and community events in building loyalty.

This problem explores how consumer perceptions, motivations, and preferences shape their loyalty towards Bookmark Coffee. Additionally, it examines whether the café’s current initiatives effectively address the emotional and experiential needs of its target audience.
Subject: business
Intent: Ideation
Query: Prior to the emergence of deep learning, text recognition relied extensively on traditional computer vision techniques as well as rule-based or machine learning methods. These approaches typically began with preprocessing steps such as binarization, normalization, and noise reduction to simplify the input image for recognition. A common method was segmentation-based recognition, where individual characters were isolated using techniques like projection profiles or contour detection. However, this process often encountered issues with connected characters, irregular spacing, or skewed text.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: 6. Strategies for Developing Rural Entrepreneurship in Afghanistan
6.1 Policy Strategies:
Establishing support funds for rural businesses by the government and international organizations.
Facilitating business registration processes and reducing administrative bureaucracy.
6.2 Educational Strategies:
Organizing training workshops on business management and marketing.
6.3 Technological Strategies:
Utilizing digital platforms for selling rural products (such as online marketplaces).
Subject: finance
Intent: Other
Query: Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to exhibit biases, stereotypes, and fairness concerns, with documented instances of misrepresentation and underrepresentation across gender, race, and religion ([CITATION]; [CITATION]). Existing research has extensively highlighted these disparities, demonstrating that LLM outputs can vary significantly across different demographic groups ([CITATION]; [CITATION]). However, the majority of these studies focus on Western contexts and populations, limiting their applicability to diverse, multicultural societies ([CITATION]).

please add the relevant citation for the above paragraph.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: come up with suitable citations for this paragraph: The military technology landscape demands rapid, secure, and contextually adaptive information access. <insert citation> As LLMs demonstrate increased sophistication in retrieving, organizing, and contextualizing information <insert citation>, a promising avenue emerges to generalize LLM-based information retrieval (IR) frameworks beyond targeted code retrieval (as described in the previous section) to a wide array of military applications. This section explores the fundamental motivations for extending an LLM-based IR system across the military, emphasizing the potential strategic, operational, and logistical benefits of broadening the framework’s functionality beyond military developers.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 
Fundamental Hierarchy Overview:
 
Mathematics = The Language
Physics = The Fundamental Forces & Energy
Chemistry = The Building Blocks
Biology = The Life & Growth Systems

Hierarchy Explained:

Mathematics = Rules of Logic & Patterns:
Nothing can break math rules
Works without anything else
Describes all other levels

Physics = Rules of Forces & Energy:
Must follow math
Defines fundamental forces
Sets physical possibilities

Chemistry = Rules of Building Blocks:
Must follow math & physics
Defines how matter combines
Determines material properties

Biology = Rules of Life & Growth Systems:
Must follow all above
Defines how life works
Creates complex systems

Simple Explanation:

Mathematics: HOW things must logically work
Physics: HOW things move and interact
Chemistry: HOW things combine and change
Biology: HOW systems live and grow
Subject: philosophy of science
Intent: Other
Query: Rh blood group system is complex and important for clinical blood transfusion. RHD antigen has strong immunogenicity. When a RhD Negative mother harbors a RHD positive fetus, fetal red blood cells may enter the mother and stimulate the mother to produce anti-D antibodies. This antibody enters the fetus through the placenta, binds to RHD antigen, and triggers hemolytic reaction. Compared with HDN caused by other blood group incompatibilities, HDN caused by RhD blood group incompatibility is more severe, with early and severe jaundice and obvious anemia. If not timely intervened, it can cause complications such as fetal edema, heart failure, and even death.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Yes, I am familiar with the martensitic transformation in pure iron. The martensitic transformation is a diffusionless shear transformation that occurs in certain materials, including iron, when they are cooled rapidly from high temperatures. In the case of pure iron, this transformation typically happens when it is quenched from above its austenitic temperature range.

During the martensitic transformation, ferrite (body-centered cubic structure) transforms into martensite (body-centered tetragonal structure). This transformation leads to a significant increase in hardness and strength but can also result in brittleness due to the high internal stresses created by the transformation. The transformation is driven by the need to lower the free energy of the system and is characterized by its non-equilibrium nature, which often requires rapid cooling rates to prevent other transformations like pearlite or bainite formation.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Bayesian Model Explanation: 

Prior Beliefs (Prior Probability): Your brain has prior beliefs about the likelihood of encountering various objects in a dimly lit room, based on your past experiences. For instance, it might have a higher prior probability for encountering a chair rather than a penguin. 

Likelihood (Conditional Probability): Given the blurry visual input, your brain evaluates how likely it is to observe that input if each possible object were actually present. This is the likelihood of the data given the hypothesis. For example, if it were a chair, how likely is it that you would see the blurry shape you are observing? 

Posterior Beliefs (Posterior Probability): Bayesian models combine these two sources of information (prior beliefs and likelihood) to compute the posterior probability of each possible object being the actual object you are observing. 

Mathematically, this is expressed as: 

P(Hypothesis∣Data)∝P(Data∣Hypothesis)×P(Hypothesis) 

Where: 

P(Hypothesis∣Data) is the posterior probability (what you want to know), 

P(Data∣Hypothesis) is the likelihood (the probability of observing the data given a 	specific hypothesis), and 

P(Hypothesis) is the prior probability (your initial belief before observing the data). 
Subject: math
Intent: Other
Query: We chose GPT-4o, Llama-3.3 70B Instruct, and Phi-4-mini-instruct because they represent three different LLM families and are widely used LLMs with multilingual capabilities . Recent MT evaluation work comparing across these models .. show them to be high performing on several MT evaluation benchmarks including  ...and  ....

Do this: justify a bit more, mentioning open vs proprietary models and commenting on the size and multilingual capabilities targeted

Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Aboveground forest biomass (AGB) is a critical parameter in global carbon cycle monitoring. Traditional field survey methods, such as plot-based field inventories, are characterized by high costs, long update cycles, and challenges in meeting large-scale dynamic monitoring demands. Remote sensing technology, through the synergistic application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and RGB imagery, overcomes the limitations of single-data-source approaches:
Subject: earth sciences
Intent: Other
Query:  Challenges and future directions While biomimicry offers exciting possibilities for water resource management, several challenges remain: - Scaling biomimetic technologies from the laboratory to real-world applications - Integrating these new approaches with existing water infrastructure - Addressing regulatory and policy barriers to implementation - Ensuring the economic viability of biomimetic solutions Despite these challenges, the future of biomimicry in water management looks promising. Ongoing research is exploring new frontiers, such as: - self-repairing water infrastructure inspired by biological healing processes - smart water systems that adapt to changing conditions, mimicking ecosystem resilience - nature-inspired materials to improve water quality monitoring and pollution detection
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: Virtue Ethics emphasizes developing good character traits instead of just following rules or focusing on outcomes. How will this tool build trust with patients in light of these values?"​
​The AI ECG tool can build trust with patients by emphasizing honesty in communication, demonstrating empathy in interactions, promoting fairness to avoid biases, and engaging in continuous improvement based on patient feedback. These virtues foster a trustworthy relationship aligned with patient values.​
give references
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Paper Finding