allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: Inter-offloading specifies that all computational tasks are transferred between different devices and systems, typically across distinct layers of a computational architecture. For example, edge devices-to-cloud, edge device-to-edge server, edge device-to-edge device and hybrid

As aforementioned, AI tasks like, natural language processing and image generation required significant computing and energy resource to generate appropriate response. Application like Apple Intelligence and Google Gemini adopt pure cloud based offloading strategy, in which edge device submit an inference request that encompasses the input data to cloud server through the network. Upon receiving the inference request, the cloud server would response an inferencing task along with other computation requests based on pre-defined scheduling heuristic and transmitted back through the same way. 

Similar to that edge device-to-edge server follows in a similar way. Instead of transmitting the request to the dedicated cloud, edge servers are selected as the destination end. An edge server refers to the remote server that is locally nearer to the edge devices. Hence, selecting the suitable edge server appears and determining the suitable model offloaded to the edge becomes the criteria when considering offloading to an edge server. 

This bringforth the third type of inter-offloading strategy which is edge device-to-edge device. As stated in the term, edge device-to edge device offloading embraces the idea whereby cluster of edge devices are collaborate with each others to provide sufficient computational resource for processing the inferencing request that are not achievable when using only single edge devices.

Last but not least, hybrid offloading or often known as osmotic computing support the idea of adaptive cooperation among edge device, edge server and cloud server such that all nodes are considered when an inferencing request is made.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I now need to find cases for my academic article to demonstrate the rationality of the results. I have conducted cell-cell communication between tumor malignant cell subpopulations, in NSCLC, Ductal carcinoma in situ, ER+ breast cancer, HER2+ breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cell cycle-related malignant cell subpopulation found in TNBC mediates the most malignant cell-to-cell signaling events, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal Stress-related malignant cell subpopulations in adenocarcinoma mediate the largest number of malignant cell-to-malignant signaling events.
You first need to search, read and understand relevant academic articles, tell me what this means
Secondly, you need to help me search academic articles and find 3-6 cases randomly among the conclusions I gave to verify the conclusions.

On the premise that the content you are looking for is related to my appeal above, you should find at least 10 research works published in Nature, Science, Cell and their sub-journals after 2021. The articles and citations you mentioned must be correct. superior
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Of particular concern is the emergence and spread of drug-resistant forms of TB. The Global TB Report 2022 reveals an estimated 450,000 new cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB in 2021, representing a 3.1% increase from 437,000 cases in 2020, with approximately 191,000 deaths attributed to MDR/RR-TB. Traditional MDR-TB treatment faces significant challenges, including expensive therapy, poor treatment outcomes, and adverse drug reactions, which often lead to treatment discontinuation and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Current treatment regimens typically require multiple drugs (≥5) administered over extended periods (9-20 months), resulting in significant compliance issues.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: To expand the content of the following literature review, it is necessary to mark the citation source, and it is better to cite more literatures after 2019:  Evolutionary Game Theory in Supply Chain Knowledge Sharing
This section would delve deeper into the application of evolutionary game theory in analyzing knowledge sharing behavior in supply chains. It would discuss the evolution of knowledge sharing strategies in supply chains, the role of game theory in modeling knowledge sharing behavior, and the benefits of using evolutionary game theory in this context. The section would also review existing studies that have applied evolutionary game theory to analyze knowledge sharing in supply chains, highlighting the key findings and contributions of these studies.

Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: find related reference: Retrieval and generation are the two key tasks of molecule design. From the perspective of exploration space and modeling difficulty, the spectral-molecule retrieval task involves a smaller exploration space and a well-defined problem, and thus the modeling complexity is relatively low. The generation task, on the other hand, requires searching for molecular structures that satisfy multiple constraints in the open chemical space, and thus is usually more technically challenging than the spectrum-configuration retrieval task.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Has anyone written paper with this concept: The Entropy Principle in Artificial Intelligence:
A Unified Theory of Learning, Adaptation, and
Efficiency
Abstract
This paper proposes entropy as the fundamental principle underlying artificial intelligence
(AI), unifying the dynamics of learning, adaptation, and efficiency. By treating intelligent sys-
tems as open thermodynamic processes that manage multiple forms of entropy, we develop
a comprehensive framework bridging physical laws and learning behavior. Integrating con-
cepts from statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, information theory, adaptive systems and
homeostasis, network theory, evolutionary biology, the thermodynamics of computation, and
representation learning, we demonstrate that learning phases emerge naturally from entropy
dynamics, with critical points offering optimal performance. Our framework provides theo-
retical bounds on learning efficiency, practical guidelines for system design, and new insights
into the nature of intelligence itself. Through rigorous theoretical development and cross-
disciplinary applications, we show that entropy offers a universal language for understanding
and optimizing intelligent systems.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I am designing a training program on storytelling for professional staff at MIT Sloan and would appreciate your guidance. Specifically, I’m looking for key components to effectively teach the importance of telling one’s story and actively listening to others’ stories. My goal is to create a research- and data-driven framework that highlights the benefits of self-awareness through storytelling and how sharing stories fosters perspective-taking. Additionally, the program aims to equip participants with skills to give and receive constructive feedback/coaching on storytelling, an essential component of personal and professional growth. Then those who are storytellers tell their story to a group of peers. Could you provide insights, research findings, or best practices to help shape this training?
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Guizhou Province, as a typical karst distribution area in China, has abundant underground river water resources, which are an important water supply source for this region. However, its special geological conditions (such as weak overburden layer, lack of natural impermeability layer, and highly developed karst pores and fissures) lead to the rapid infiltration of pollutants and their migration along underground channels, making the underground river water resources highly vulnerable to pollution and difficult to restore.
Subject: earth sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Kindly evalaute and rewrite below research contribution in a more scholarly and acadamic form:

This paper proposes a grant-free NOMA-assisted WFL framework that addresses the dual challenges of latency minimisation and energy efficiency in B5G networks. Our key contributions include:

  1. A joint optimisation framework that integrates communication and computation constraints to minimise overall latency and energy consumption.
  
  2. A collision-aware Successive Convex Optimisation (CA-SCO) algorithm that mitigates interference and ensures reliable decoding of overlapping signals in grant-free NOMA.
  
  3. Extensive simulations demonstrating significant improvements in latency reduction, energy savings, and scalability compared to baseline schemes.

By addressing these challenges, our work aims to advance the practical deployment of WFL in resource-constrained wireless networks for future networks, paving the way for real-time, privacy-preserving, and energy-efficient machine learning applications in B5G networks.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I am trying to do literature review for SLM's on question generation task specifically - i found these papers : 1. Cross-lingual Transfer for Automatic Question Generation by Learning Interrogative Structures in Target Languages , 2. Small Generative Language Models for Educational Question Generation, 3.SYNTHETIC CONTEXT GENERATION FOR QUESTION GENERATION, 4. Follow-on Question Suggestion via Voice Hints for Voice Assistants 5.Generative Interpretation: Toward Human-Like Evaluation for Educational Question-Answer Pair Generation
-> can u give the literature review o this focussing on  models used and thier architectures and the performance vs size of model aspect and benchmarking and datasets used
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: These findings are consistent with recent large-scale metabolomic studies, which indicate that although AD is associated with neurotransmitter imbalances and widespread metabolic dysregulation, group-level differences in neurotransmitter pathway abundance may not always reach statistical significance. Instead, individual variability - including the presence of pronounced outliers - reflects the complex and heterogeneous nature of neurotransmitter metabolism in both AD and control populations . Notably, such heterogeneity may be influenced by neuropathological drivers such as tau pathology and may underlie the observed variability in clinical and cognitive outcomes among individuals with AD 
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: Which feature measured or calculated from single cell ATAC-seq data can be used to compare to single cell RNA-seq data? There can be more than 1 correct answer.

peaks x cell matrix (region detected as ATAC-seq reads above baseline noise, commonly run using pseudobulk profiles from single cell clusters)

gene scores x cell matrix (calculated from ATAC-seq reads around the neighborhood of a gene locus)

motifs x cell matrix (calculated from genome-wide binding around known transcription factor motifs)

genomic tiles x cell matrix (500-2000bp long, regularly spaced genomic bins)
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Narrative Arcs (Plotlines)
The 19th-century scholar Gustav Freytag famously
conceptualized several narrative elements as points
along a generalized narrative arc, often referred to as
the ”dramatic arc” (Freytag, 1895).
However, television series differ markedly from
Freytag’s model and also from most movies, which,
while some feature complex multi-plot structures,
generally adhere to a simpler narrative pattern (P´erez
and Ortiz, 2021). In TV series, the singular concept
of a ”narrative arc” must instead be understood in
the plural. TV seriality does not follow a single,
discrete chain of events, but instead operates through
a complex network of interconnected and intersecting
storylines. These plotlines evolve and intertwine
across numerous episodes and varying timeframes
(Pescatore and Rocchi, 2019; Rocchi and Pescatore,
2022). This multi-layered structure creates a sense
of continuity and depth that is difficult to achieve in
other formats (Degli Esposti and Pescatore, 2023).
Narrative arcs in TV series can be categorized into
two types: Anthology Plots, which are storylines that
typically resolve within the same episode, and Run-
ning Plots, which connect the episodes of the en-
tire series, maintaining continuity throughout. Run-
ning Plots can further be divided into two categories:
Soap Plots, which focus on horizontal relationships
between characters, such as romantic relationships,
friendships, and family dynamics, and Genre-Specific
Plots, which are related to the genre of the show. For
instance, in a zombie survival series, plotlines con-
cerning the characters’ survival would fall under this
category. We can then update the definitions provided
in (Pescatore and Rocchi, 2019), which focuses on
medical dramas, where they were referred to as Sen-
timental Plots and Professional Plots, to broaden their
applicability beyond that specific genre.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that digital health management interventions can improve glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and health behaviours in multiple dimensions, and that these improvements are highly consistent with the joint management of blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure proposed in the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Version 2023), which achieves the core goal of reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Despite the limitations of a single-centre observational study, this study confirms that a precise health education model based on patients' needs and incorporating the characteristics of community health care can effectively break through the limitations of the traditional "metabolic-centrism" of diabetes management and contribute to the construction of "prevention-treatment-management" integrated community chronic disease management. This study provides empirical evidence for the construction of a "prevention-treatment-management" integrated community chronic disease management model, which is in line with the policy direction of lowering the centre of gravity of chronic disease management under China's hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system帮我润色一下此段，多加一些文献
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Task: Recommend research papers.
Scope: Remote-sensing feature-engineering techniques for image classification.
Must-cover sub-topics:

    Spectral vegetation & moisture indices beyond NDVI (EVI, SAVI/MSAVI, NDWI/NDMI, NBR, MNDWI, BSI, NDBI).

    Broad-band transforms (Tasseled Cap brightness/greenness/wetness; PCA or ICA feature stacks).

    Spatial-texture descriptors (GLCM contrast/entropy, morphological profiles).

    Topographic derivatives from DEMs (slope, aspect, TRI/TPI, TWI) as auxiliary layers.

    Synthetic-aperture-radar indices (RVI, VV/VH or HH/HV polarisation ratios).
    Deliverables:
    • 12–15 peer-reviewed papers (mix of seminal classics and post-2018 advances).
    • For each: full citation, publication year, sensor(s)/dataset(s) used, and a 1–2-sentence lay summary of its key contribution to feature engineering.
    • Group the papers by the five sub-topics above.
    Constraints: Prioritize open-access articles where possible; avoid paywalled conference abstracts.
    Output format: Markdown bullet list grouped by sub-topic, with DOI or URL for each paper.
Subject: earth sciences
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: give me refrence use the same value for beta and gamma for viral marketing context: To simulate the spread of influence among selected key users identified using centrality measures, the parameter values for each model were carefully chosen to ensure a realistic representation of information propagation. For the SIR model, the infection probability (β) was set to 0.5, and the recovery rate (γ) to 0.01, simulating an epidemic-like diffusion process where nodes stop transmitting influence once they recover [50][51][52]. This configuration reflects short-term influence dynamics, where information spread is temporary
Subject: marketing
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Write a literature review based on latest publications in top computing journals that explain how neglecting human values such as safety and privacy and mental well being can have personal and social repercussions. I want them all cited and give your output to me in latex format with all cited articles directly quoted and cited - provide all cited papers in bibtex format at the end of the latex file. Also make sure to enrich your literature review with real-world exmaples of when ignoring values such safety privacy security on social media platfirms can harm humans and have social consequences. I want these examples to be recent and from top news publishers like Gaurdian, ... alson cited and also provide the links as latex bibtex entires so In cna cite the source of the news. Start with enriching: The recent U.S. Senate hearing on child safety failures by major social media platforms highlights how social media's neglect of human values leads to societal and economic repercussions.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: i am writing a seminar paper on the following topic, and I need help with further refining my research questions based on real-time academic insights: The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement in Shaping Contemporary Racial Justice Movements

    Thesis: The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s laid the groundwork for modern racial justice movements such as Black Lives Matter, reflecting the enduring fight for racial equality in the U.S. despite progress in legal rights.

    Discussion points: Compare the methods, goals, and key figures of the Civil Rights Movement (e.g., Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X) with those in contemporary movements. Explore whether the fight has shifted from legislative change to social and cultural change and how the internet and social media have impacted activism
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Ideation
Query: I need to create a study guide to prepare for a seminar I am participating in. This week we are focusing on four papers on the topic of video segmentation. If I give you the four papers, can you curate a study guide that covers the essential papers that are required to be read to fully understand the four papers? I would assume that you would look at the foundational papers referenced in these works, and then the influential papers then referenced by those papers, and  so forth. I need a  list of papers that I would be able to cover in approximately four days. The papers are the following: 
Decoupling Static and Hierarchical Motion Perception for Referring Video Segmentation
Tracking Anything with Decoupled Video Segmentation
SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videos
Context Enhanced Transformer for Single Image Object Detection
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Elaborate this paper using citation from 20 referrences:
"Smart Automation in Financial Accounting: The Role of Blockchain and AI Agents in ERP Systems"
Smart automation in financial accounting refers to the use of advanced technologies such as blockchain and AI agents to streamline and optimize financial accounting processes. These technologies can be integrated with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and security of financial transactions and record-keeping.
Blockchain technology, in particular, has been identified as a game-changer in the financial accounting industry (Kanaparthi. 20241). Its decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature makes it an ideal solution for financial transactions and record-keeping (Kanaparthi. 20241). By leveraging blockchain, financial institutions can reduce the risk of errors, fraud, and manipulation, and increase the accuracy and dependability of financial records (Kanaparthi. 20241).
AI agents, on the other hand, can be used to automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks in financial accounting, such as data entry, invoicing, and reconciliations (Kanaparthi. 20243). AI agents can also be used to analyze financial data and identify trends and patterns, enabling financial institutions to make more informed decisions (Kanaparthi. 20243).
The integration of blockchain and AI agents with ERP systems can lead to significant benefits, including improved efficiency, accuracy, and security (Faccia et al. 2021). For example, blockchain can facilitate the integration of AIS and ERP systems, enabling the creation of a more transparent and secure financial accounting system (Faccia et al. 2021).
Furthermore, AI agents can be used to automate the audit process, enabling financial institutions to detect potential discrepancies and errors more efficiently (Perera et al. 2022). AI agents can also be used to monitor and verify financial transactions in real-time, reducing the risk of errors and manipulation (Perera et al. 2022).
Overall, the use of blockchain and AI agents in ERP systems has the potential to revolutionize the financial accounting industry, enabling financial institutions to operate more efficiently, accurately, and securely (Kanaparthi. 20242).
References
•	A. Faccia, P. Petratos. Blockchain, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Accounting Information Systems (AIS): Research on e-Procurement and System Integration. 2021. Applied Sciences.
•	P. Perera, A. W. J. C. Abeygunasekera. Blockchain Adoption in Accounting and Auditing: A Qualitative Inquiry in Sri Lanka. 2022. Colombo Business Journal.
•	V. Kanaparthi. Exploring the Impact of Blockchain, AI, and ML on Financial Accounting Efficiency and Transformation. 2024. arXiv.org.

Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: AI can use various algorithms for assessing the effectiveness of basic education, including both machine learning and deep learning methods. The choice between them often depends on the specific goals and data available.

Machine Learning Algorithms:

Decision Trees: Useful for classification and regression tasks, allowing for interpretable results.
Random Forests: An ensemble method that improves accuracy by combining multiple decision trees.
Support Vector Machines (SVM): Effective for classification problems, especially with high-dimensional data.
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN): A simple algorithm that can help with classification based on similarity.
Deep Learning Algorithms:

Neural Networks: Particularly effective for tasks with large amounts of data, such as image or text analysis (e.g., student essays).
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Great for analyzing visual data, which can be useful for tracking student engagement through video analysis.
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Useful for sequential data analysis, like assessing the progression of student learning over time.
In summary, machine learning algorithms are typically easier to implement and interpret, making them suitable for straightforward educational assessments. Deep learning algorithms can provide more sophisticated analysis when dealing with large datasets or complex patterns but require more computational resources. The choice depends on the complexity of the assessment task and the data at hand. Would you like to dive deeper into any specific algorithm?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: In recent years, high-performance prediction of DTI has become an extremely important issue in drug discovery research (). To address this issue, machine learning methods based on GNNs have been attracting attention in recent years, because GNNs can learn information inherent in vertices and edges by representing compounds and proteins as graph structures, and have been reported as a promising method for the prediction of drug-target protein interactions (). In particular, GNN does not require highly accurate protein conformational information as in docking simulations, and thus has the potential to be applied to target proteins whose conformations are not yet known or whose conformational accuracy is low. However, there have been no DTI prediction studies focusing on proteins that are difficult to predict by docking simulations, taking advantage of this feature of GNNs.
In addition, although the quality of training data is extremely important for DTI prediction, there are only a limited number of methods to examine negative data, which are considered to have no interaction, and to improve the reliability of the data before training them into GNNs. Furthermore, after obtaining interaction prediction results from GNNs, there are no studies that analyze these candidate interactions on the network structure to narrow down the list of more reliable interaction candidates. In general, drug-target interactions form complex networks, suggesting that it is beneficial to consider the broader network structure rather than simply predicting pairs ().

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Dataset Integration Strategy
1. FDA Announcements as Exogenous Shocks
•	Data Collection:
o	Scrape FDA announcements (approvals, rejections, holds) from the FDA website or use APIs like fda.gov.
o	Include metadata such as announcement date, drug name, company, and type of decision.
•	Integration:
o	Map FDA announcements to the corresponding publicly traded companies.
o	Use the announcement date as the event date for event studies.
2. 10-K Textual Risk Disclosures
•	Data Collection:
o	Download 10-K filings from the SEC EDGAR database.
o	Focus on the "Risk Factors" section.
•	NLP Processing:
o	Use pre-trained models (e.g., BERT, FinBERT) to extract sentiment and medical/pharmaceutical terminology.
o	Identify key risk factors (e.g., clinical trial risks, regulatory risks, patent expirations).
3. Insider Trading Patterns
•	Data Collection:
o	Use datasets from platforms like Bloomberg, Thomson Reuters, or SEC Form 4 filings.
•	Integration:
o	Map insider trading activities to the corresponding companies and FDA announcements.
o	Use insider trading data as a potential signal of information asymmetry.
4. Control Variables
•	Industry-Specific Factors:
o	Include variables like R&D expenditure, pipeline size, and patent expirations.
•	Market-Wide Movements:
o	Control for market indices (e.g., S&P 500, NASDAQ) and macroeconomic factors (e.g., interest rates, inflation).

Subject: finance
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 1.4.1 Lipid-Based Nanocarriers
 III.A.1.  Liposomes (Structure, advantages for quercetin encapsulation, examples in quercetin delivery)
 III.A.2.  Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) (Composition, improved stability, examples and applications)
 III.A.3.  Nanoemulsions and Microemulsions (Formation, enhanced solubility and absorption, quercetin delivery examples)
write content 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Certainly! Based on the background you provided, here's a novel and valid research topic:

**"Exploring Photoredox Catalysis for Controlled Three-Component Cycloadditions Involving Phosphorus Ylides: A Strategy to Functionalize C–H and C=P Bonds Toward Versatile Synthetic Building Blocks"**

This topic combines the efficiency of photoredox catalysis with the latent reactivity of phosphorus ylides, aiming to develop a highly selective and efficient method for transforming inert C–H and C=P bonds into synthetically useful C–C and C=C bonds. It addresses the challenge of controlling multicomponent reactions under mild conditions while expanding the synthetic toolbox for creating diverse molecular architectures.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Ideation
Query: - Research the role of melanocytes in the context of skin aging.
- Do senescent melanocytes accelerate epidermal aging? If so, how? Elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms.
- How does melanocyte senescence differ from keratinocyte senescence?
- Given their proximity to the dermal-epidermal junction, could melanocyte senescence affect skin firmness and elasticity? If yes, to what extent?
- Is hyperpigmentation linked to the loss of elasticity of the skin and wrinkles?
- Lastly, what are some known compounds or plant extracts that can target senescent melanocytes?
- What are some strategies and techniques necessary to target melanocyte senescence to rescue skin experiencing accelerated aging?
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The labor market in Vietnam is experiencing a shortage of human resources in digitalization and technology, leading to a labor shortage. This shortage necessitates hiring new employees. Companies are particularly interested in recruiting Gen Z, who are the most tech-savvy. However, Gen Z values work-life balance and does not focus solely on salary. The question arises: why do companies lack tech employees? Is it due to cultural fit, work-life balance, or other factors?
Subject: finance
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: \subsection{Traditional Routing and the TSP} The classical Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) has long served as a foundational model for routing and logistics challenges, seeking the shortest route that visits each customer location once and returns to the depot \cite{ratliff1983order,dantzig1954solution}. Despite its theoretical elegance, the TSP is known to be NP-hard \cite{ richard1975karp, BOCK20251}, meaning that the computational burden grows exponentially with the number of stops. Early research on exact TSP algorithms \cite{dantzig1954solution} provided optimal solutions for small instances; however, these methods become impractical for large-scale real-world applications. Consequently, a wide range of heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches—including Genetic Algorithms \cite{hussain2017genetic, scholz2019genetic, rinaldi2023development}, Ant Colony Optimization \cite{gunay2023hybrid}, and Tabu Search \cite{tong2022optimal}—have been developed to obtain near-optimal solutions within acceptable time frames. While these methods enhance scalability, they often sacrifice optimality and may not fully capture the operational constraints inherent in urban delivery settings.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Research on sensory integration shows how attention, perception, and action work together
in motor control and learning. In the context of Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD), discuss the role of sensory integration in the development and
performance of motor skills. How has research evolved in this area over time? Provide a
critical analysis of current evidence and predict future directions for the study of
neurodiversity and perceptual-motor skills over the next decade.
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Study Prompt: Static Crush Space in Passenger Cars
Objective: To analyze the static crush space in a passenger car to ensure occupant safety during collisions, based on the vehicle’s dimensions and weight.

Scope:

Vehicle Selection: Choose a representative passenger car model for the study.
Data Collection:
Gather detailed dimensions of the car (length, width, height, and interior space).
Record the vehicle’s weight and distribution.
Crush Space Analysis:
Identify critical areas for crush space analysis (e.g., front, rear, and side panels).
Use static crush tests to measure deformation and energy absorption in these areas.
Simulation and Modeling:
Create a finite element model (FEM) of the car using software like Hypermesh or LS-DYNA.
Simulate static crush scenarios to predict deformation patterns and crush space.
Evaluation Criteria:
Assess the structural integrity and deformation limits.
Evaluate the impact on occupant safety and survival space.
Comparison and Recommendations:
Compare results with safety standards (e.g., FMVSS 216).
Provide recommendations for design improvements to enhance crush space and occupant safety.
Expected Outcome: A comprehensive understanding of the static crush space in the selected passenger car model, with insights into potential design enhancements for improved safety.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Ideation
Query: Recent advances in lab-on-chip technology have enabled the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms that can simultaneously assess antibody titers to multiple tropical pathogens, key microbiome-derived metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines from a single dried blood spot (DBS) . These devices use electrochemical and fluorescence-based detection, require minimal technical training, and have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (>90%) for early cognitive decline in pilot studies across Ghana, Brazil, and Thailand 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: find refrence for 5, 6, 7 in "Mental health disorders and chronic health conditions are closely linked to disruptions in sleep and daily activity patterns [1], which are essential for regulating mood [2], cognition [3], and overall well-being. Despite their impact, early warning signs of these disruptions often go unnoticed due to reliance on inconsistent self-reported data, infrequent clinical visits, and the impracticality of costly biomarker tests for daily monitoring. At the same time, At the same time, Canada’s healthcare system is struggling to keep up with an aging population and an increasing number of people with chronic diseases [4]. This has led to rising costs[5], overworked healthcare providers [6], and frustrated patients [7]. "
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: How are semen sample handled if a 70% isopropyl solution cannot be used to keep gloves or the environment in which a semen sampled is assessed sterile? 
I say this because semen and sperm will be affected by anything with alcohol in it because alcohol is spermicidal. So how do laboratories handle semen samples if sperm is and are be affected by alcohol? What handling techniques are necessary to ensure the samples viability if alcohol solutions are harmful to semen and sperm? What non-alcohol based solutions are used in semen analysis and more importantly the handling of the semen sample(s)?
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: "Identify the single most effective cognitive enhancer surpassing caffeine's benefits, considering:

1. Direct comparison metrics:
   - Effect size vs. caffeine
   - Speed of onset
   - Duration of effects
   - Consistency of results across studies

2. Key evaluation criteria:
   - Quality and quantity of clinical evidence
   - Safety profile and side effects
   - Long-term brain health benefits
   - Cost-effectiveness
   - Accessibility and practicality
   - Individual response reliability

3. Analysis requirements:
   - Meta-analyses and systematic reviews priority
   - Studies from last 5 years
   - Sample size consideration
   - Measurement of cognitive domains:
     * Memory
     * Focus
     * Learning
     * Processing speed
     * Mental clarity

4. Practical implementation:
   - Optimal dosage
   - Timing recommendations
   - Integration with daily routine
   - Potential interactions

Focus on identifying a SINGLE most promising option with strongest scientific support and practical feasibility."
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am looking for comprehensive resources, including books, research papers, publications, and other relevant sources, that cover the topic of building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Specifically, I am interested in understanding the various approaches to constructing RAG systems, their applications in different domains, and best practices for implementing these systems on-premises. Please provide a list of recommended materials that delve into the technical aspects, methodologies, and practical considerations for deploying RAG systems in an on-premises environment.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: i have a section of my paper about crypto triangular arbitrage i want u to help me add some citations to it 'The graph-based approach proposed in this study has several key advantages over traditional models. First, it allows for the systematic exploration of multiple currencies and their relationships, capturing the intricate interdependencies that drive arbitrage opportunities. Second, by leveraging the computational efficiency of the Bellman-Ford algorithm, we can significantly reduce the time required to identify arbitrage opportunities, making the method suitable for real-time trading in fast-moving markets [5]. Furthermore, the algorithm’s ability to handle both positive and negative weight cycles ensures that it can detect profitable opportunities even in complex, highly interconnected currency markets [6].' only keep my text just add citations
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: At this point let us discuss China, a global leader in AI, renowned for its advancement and the widespread application of this technology across various sectors. Not only does China stand out in domestic AI development, but it also plays a significant role in the global AI landscape through its exportation of technology and expertise. In its ambitious “smart city” initiatives, China has integrated AI into urban living, deploying AI-powered surveillance systems, facial recognition technologies in public areas, airports and train stations, as well as advanced traffic management systems. These innovations aim to bolster public safety and enhance the quality of urban living. However, the extensive use of AI in surveillance has ignited concerns around privacy and civil liberties, particularly regarding the monitoring of specific ethnic groups. 
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: \paragraph{Clinical Progression.}
HIV infection typically progresses through three stages:
\begin{enumerate*}
  \item \emph{Acute phase}: marked by rapid viral replication, high viraemia, and a temporary drop in CD4$^+$ T cell count.
  \item \emph{Chronic asymptomatic phase}: persistent but lower-level viral replication and gradual CD4$^+$ decline; may last up to a decade.
  \item \emph{AIDS}: defined by a CD4$^+$ count below 200 cells/$\mu$l, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignancies.
\end{enumerate*}
Host immune responses, especially cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), play a role in partially controlling viraemia, but eradication is rarely achieved.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: I’m currently researching methods to mitigate data imbalance in drug repurposing tasks, particularly focusing on cases where minority drug-disease pairs or rare conditions are underrepresented in datasets. I’ve found several techniques like SMOTE and ADASYN useful, but I’m now interested in exploring GAN-based approaches for generating synthetic data to address class imbalance issues.

I would appreciate it if anyone could share:

Studies or case examples where GANs were specifically used to tackle data imbalance in drug discovery or drug repurposing contexts.
Datasets or public implementations that demonstrate GANs applied for alleviating imbalanced class distributions in biomedical tasks.
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: When an electric field is applied to the cell membrane, its phospholipid bilayer rearranges, thus forming nanoscale pores in the membrane that allow foreign molecules to enter the cell. These channels can be divided into reversible and irreversible two types: reversible perforation formed by the hole will automatically repair after the electric field is withdrawn, the cell remains active; Irreversible electroporation results in the destruction of membrane integrity. Therefore, the electric field intensity is the core parameter of electroporation.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: find me some papers that I can cite for this piece of writing "Smartwatches are rapidly evolving into versatile devices with the
potential to replace the need to carry a smartphone. However, their
interaction techniques remain very limited, predominantly relying
on touch-based input via the small screens present on the smartwatch.
This can be inconvenient, especially in scenarios where a user might
not have a free hand"
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Model Compression Techniques (COMMUNICATION-EFFICIENT PROTOCOLS)
Model compression focuses on reducing the size of the information exchanged between clients and the server. This particularly important in bandwidth-limited or power-constrained wireless environments.
a) Quantization: Quantization reduces the precision of model updates (e.g., from 32-bit floating-point to 8-bit binary) to decrease transmission volume. Popular methods include QSGD and 1-bit SGD, which trade accuracy for compression gain.
b) Sparsification: Only the most significant gradient updates (e.g., top-k values) are transmitted, while the rest are zeroed out or omitted. Error compensation techniques are often used to preserve convergence performance over time.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: An expanding body of research has begun to quantify the associations between infectious disease exposure and cognitive decline. Several meta-analyses have reported a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity for multiple infectious agents—including Herpesviridae, Toxoplasma gondii, and Helicobacter pylori—and increased dementia risk . These associations appear particularly robust in tropical regions, where cumulative pathogen burden is high, and often involve pathogens capable of eliciting chronic immune activation or directly accessing the central nervous system.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: 1-1. comparison with docking-based methods
The present study shows a low correlation between the results of docking simulations using AlphaFoldDB-derived predicted steric structures and those predicted by GNN (Figure 18). This may be due in part to the inability of conventional docking methods to correctly reproduce interactions when the accuracy of structure prediction by AlphaFold is not sufficient. On the other hand, since GNN uses node (drug/target) features and network structure information for training, it may be able to predict unknown pairs independently of the accuracy of stereostructure information.

Furthermore, it was confirmed that the prediction performance (AUROC and AUPR) of GNN does not decrease significantly even for proteins with pLDDT values less than 70 (a group considered to have low accuracy) (Figure 20), suggesting the strength of GNN in finding new interaction pairs that are often missed by conventional docking methods. In particular, the fact that we were able to identify 2,866 drug-target pairs in this study that are targeted by low pLDDT proteins, which are considered difficult to approach by docking methods, is a major differentiating factor compared to conventional methods.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: Harnessing Data: Opportunities, Overreach, and the Fight for Ethical Use
In the digital age, data has emerged not merely as a tool but as a cornerstone of power that shapes economies, governments, and lives. Its omnipresence is both a testament to human ingenuity and a beacon of potential peril. As we harness data to forecast, streamline, and innovate, we also step into a minefield of ethical dilemmas where the misuse of such information can undermine democracy and human dignity. This article delves into the dualistic nature of data: as a profound enabler of modern society and as a potent weapon that, if wielded without conscience, could erode the very foundations of freedom and fairness. By exploring the vast landscapes of data application and the ethical battlegrounds that accompany its use, we uncover the imperative of governing this new currency with a vigilant, ethical lens.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: The urgent need for accessible, non-invasive biomarkers has led researchers to explore alternative diagnostic approaches. The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, has emerged as a promising source of biomarkers for various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions [4]. The concept of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has gained significant attention, with accumulating evidence suggesting that microbial communities can influence neurological health through various mechanisms including immune modulation, neurotransmitter production, and inflammatory pathways [5].
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Resolution Types 
	Low Resolution
	Medium Resolution
	High Resolution
	Applications in Tobacco Science

Spatial Resolution
	Low > 30 m/pixel
		Small pixel size (e.g., 1m or less)
	•	Mapping large-scale tobacco fields
•	Identifying field zones under general stress
•	Crop yield estimates at macro-level

	Coarse details
		Fine details
	•	Monitoring individual tobacco plants
•	Detecting disease at early stages
•	Precision nutrient management

Temporal Resolution
	Low frequency (e.g., monthly imaging)
		High frequency (e.g., daily or weekly imaging)
	•	Seasonal tracking of tobacco growth
•	Planning harvesting based on long-term trends

	Misses short-term changes
		Captures dynamic changes
	•	Monitoring rapid stress events (disease, drought, pest infestation)
•	Assessing growth stages in near real-time

complete this table with medium range value of spatial and temporal resolution
Subject: agriculture
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am planning to conduct a litterature review on LLM security and privacy, please discuss the similarities and difference between the following survey paper on the topic and give me potential idea to refine these surveys : 1) A survey on large language model (LLM) security and privacy: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly


2) Survey of Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models Revealed by Adversarial Attacks


3) Navigating the Risks: A Survey of Security, Privacy, and Ethics Threats in LLM-Based Agents

4) Exploring Vulnerabilities and Protections in Large Language Models: A Survey


5) Risks, Causes, and Mitigations of Widespread Deployments of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey


6) Can LLMs be Fooled? Investigating Vulnerabilities in LLMs


7) Identifying and Mitigating Vulnerabilities in LLM-Integrated Applications

8) Security and Privacy Challenges of Large Language Models: A Survey


9) When LLMs Meet Cybersecurity: A Systematic Literature Review
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: In China, although the law clearly prohibits gender discrimination, in actual work, women still face implicit and explicit obstacles in job search, promotion, salary and other aspects. First, gender bias is common in recruiting. Some companies explicitly give priority to men in their job postings, and even refuse to hire women who are of marriageable age or who are married without children. This phenomenon is rooted in employers' concerns about women's "childbearing costs". They believe that women may need to take long-term leave due to childbirth, or may not be able to devote themselves to work, resulting in a lack of positions. Some companies will even ask female interviewers during the interview. We will also ask female employees many times based on their age regarding their relationship status and whether they have any plans to have children. Anyone who goes too far will affect the life and work of female employees.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Which work is similar to this?

We introduce Causal Perturbation Networks (CPNs) for uncertainty estimation. CPNs work as follows:
1) Identify key causal variables in the input using a combination of attention analysis and external
knowledge bases. 2) Generate a set of counterfactual inputs by systematically perturbing these causal
variables. 3) Query the language model on both the original and counterfactual inputs. 4) Employ a
novel graph neural network architecture that learns to aggregate uncertainties across different causal
perturbations, capturing complex interdependencies. 5) Use the divergence in outputs to estimate
uncertainty, distinguishing between aleatoric and epistemic components.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding