allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: However, there are also limitations to biomimicry in water resources management. For example, biomimicry may require large amounts of data and computational resources, which can be challenging in some cases (Medema et al. 2016). In addition, biomimicry may not always be applicable to complex systems, and its effectiveness can depend on the specific context and issue being addressed (Medema et al. 2016). To overcome these limitations, researchers and practitioners can utilize ICTs to support biomimicry in water resources management (Skoulikaris et al. 2018). ICTs, such as satellite Earth observations, real-time monitoring networks, GIS, and cloud-based GIS, can provide valuable data and insights to enrich biomimetic-based solutions (Skoulikaris et al. 2018). Furthermore, ICTs can facilitate collaboration and stakeholder engagement, which is essential for effective water resources management (Miedema et al. 2016). In conclusion, biomimicry has the potential to play an important role in achieving global sustainability in water resources management (Mjemba et al. 2019). Utilizing biomimicry and ICT, researchers and practitioners can develop innovative strategies to address the complex challenges of water resources management, such as water scarcity, pollution, and climate change (Bhadoria et al. 2024) (Skoulikaris et al. 2018).

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: I need to logically support the argument that when conducting machine learning, centralized training based on fully homomorphic encryption is fundamentally different from a Federated Learning (VFL) environment, and therefore, it is unnecessary to directly compare it with existing VFL-based studies.

Additionally, I need references to support this argument, preferably from top-tier conferences or journals, or papers with a high number of citations.

Lastly, I would like to understand the necessity of using boosting techniques like XGBoost or LightGBM for encrypted data. Again, it would be ideal if all supporting evidence comes from publications in top conferences or journals or from highly cited papers.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Find papers similar to this idea:

We introduce Multi-Modal Coherence Networks (MMCN), a novel architecture for assessing
visual-linguistic coherence and making abstention decisions in multi-modal tasks. MMCN consists of
several innovative components: (1) A cross-modal embedding module that learns joint representations
of visual and linguistic features, capturing deep semantic relationships between the two modalities. This
module uses a novel attention mechanism that allows for fine-grained alignment between visual regions
and textual segments. (2) A coherence evaluation network that assesses the alignment and
consistency between the visual and linguistic components. This network is trained on a large dataset of
coherent and incoherent visual-linguistic pairs, learning to identify subtle misalignments or
contradictions. (3) An abstention policy network that decides whether to generate content, abstain, or
request clarification based on the coherence evaluation. This network is trained using reinforcement
learning, with rewards based on human judgments of multi-modal coherence. (4) A multi-modal
refinement module that, when triggered, attempts to reconcile inconsistencies between the visual and
linguistic components by generating alternative textual descriptions or suggesting visual edits. During
inference, MMCN continuously evaluates the coherence between generated text and associated visual
content. If incoherence is detected, the abstention policy may choose to halt generation, request user
clarification, or trigger the refinement module to attempt a correction.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Summary: This paper proposes a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of language models in peer review. The authors argue that current methods for evaluating the effectiveness of language models have limitations, such as being biased towards certain types of tasks or not being able to capture the nuances of human language. They propose a new method that uses a combination of metrics and human evaluation to assess the effectiveness of language models in peer review: https://openreview.net/pdf?id=CscKx97jBi
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: "AI Agent Chatbot QA for Higher Education Institutions: A Framework for API Integration, Human Collaboration, and Knowledge Management"

This research aims to develop an AI-powered chatbot system designed to provide efficient and scalable question-answering (QA) services for educational institutions such as universities and colleges. The system will utilize advanced AI models to answer inquiries from students, faculty, and staff while also incorporating human support for escalated cases.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: My research paprer is a Constructivist Grounded Approach to Study the Ethical Implications of AI Use in Human Resources Management . Here below are the research questions and research objective : 1.What are the primary ethical concerns associated with AI use in Human Resource Management, and how can a conceptual framework address these concerns? 2. How do algorithmic biases manifest in AI-driven HRM processes, and what strategies can mitigate them? 3. What are the implications of AI-driven data collection on employee privacy, and how can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection? 4. How can transparency and explainability be incorporated into AI-driven HRM systems to enhance trust and accountability? 5. What governance structures are necessary to ensure accountability when using AI in HRM? 6. How can ethical considerations be integrated into the deployment of AI systems in HRM? 7. What are the broader implications of ethical AI practices in HRM for organizational culture and employee well-being? Research Objectives: Objective 1: Identify and analyze key ethical issues associated with AI in HRM. Objective 2: Develop a comprehensive ethical framework integrating legal and ethical considerations. Objective 3: Provide practical guidelines for ethical AI deployment in HRM. Objective 4: Contribute to academic knowledge and inform policy development on ethical AI use in HRM. 


elaborate on the theoretical underpinnings of the framework. What specific ethical theories or models will be used to guide the analysis? How will the framework be developed and validated? A more detailed discussion of the theoretical framework will strengthen the proposal’s methodological rigor.
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: is this correct calculation?
```
def fetch_and_process_reviewer_keywords(args: CliArgs, reviewer_profiles: dict):
    """
    Fetch ADG profiles associated with provided emails from PostgreSQL, process the data to calculate keyword
    rankings and overlaps, and save the results to CSV files.

    :param args: CLI parsed arguments.
    :param reviewer_profiles: Dictionary of reviewer emails and keywords.
    """
    adg_profiles, keywords_df, total_documents = fetch_data_from_db(args, reviewer_profiles)
    tfidf_scores = calculate_tf_idf(adg_profiles, keywords_df, total_documents)

    output_data = []

    for email, reviewer_keywords in reviewer_profiles.items():
        email_keywords_df = {
            keyword: freq
            for keyword, freq in keywords_df.items() if keyword in reviewer_keywords
        }
        top_keywords_df = {
            keyword
            for keyword, _ in Counter(email_keywords_df).most_common(10)
        }
        email_tfidf_scores = tfidf_scores.get(email, {})
        top_keywords_tfidf = {
            keyword
            for keyword, _ in Counter(email_tfidf_scores).most_common(10)
        }
        adg_keywords = next(
            (keywords for adg_email, keywords in adg_profiles if adg_email == email), []
        )
        processed_data = process_profile(email, top_keywords_df, top_keywords_tfidf, reviewer_keywords,
                                         set(adg_keywords))
        output_data.append(processed_data)

    rank_evaluation = evaluate_rank_ordering(output_data)

    for data in output_data:
        email = data['email']
        data['rank_evaluation'] = rank_evaluation[email]

    save_results(args, output_data)

    conclusion = analyze_results(output_data, reviewer_profiles)
    logger.info(conclusion)

```
```
def process_profile(email: str, top_10_keywords_df: set, top_10_tfidf_keywords: set,
                    reviewer_keywords: list, adg_keywords: set) -> dict:
    """
    Process a single profile using precomputed TF-IDF scores.

    :param email: Email of the profile.
    :param top_10_keywords_df: Keywords from the database for the reviewer email.
    :param top_10_tfidf_keywords: Dictionary of precomputed TF-IDF scores for all unique keywords.
    :param reviewer_keywords: Reviewer-provided keywords.
    :param adg_keywords: All ADG keywords associated with the email.
    :return: Dictionary containing processed data for the profile.
    """
    overlap_percentage_frequency = calculate_overlap(top_10_keywords_df, reviewer_keywords)
    overlap_percentage_tfidf = calculate_overlap(top_10_tfidf_keywords, reviewer_keywords)
    adg_reviewer_overlap = calculate_overlap(adg_keywords, reviewer_keywords)

    return {
        'email': email,
        'overlap_percentage_frequency': overlap_percentage_frequency,
        'overlap_percentage_tfidf': overlap_percentage_tfidf,
        'adg_reviewer_overlap': adg_reviewer_overlap,
    }
```
top_keywords_df and top_keywords_tfidf should be a top 10 per email.


Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: The topic I am working on now is: Research on key technologies of multi-language emotional companionship large model intelligent agent based on mind theory.
Could you please help me find about 10 related papers in the past three years, on multi-modal multi-language large models, emotional companionship large models, emotional companionship intelligent agents and other related directions?

And write a [related work] based on the papers found
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: "This paper investigates spatial-mode multiplex
ing (SMM) for practical free-space optical communication (FSO)
 systems using direct detection. Unlike several works in the liter
ature where mutually incoherent channels are assumed, we con
sider mutually coherent channels that accurately describe SMM
 FSO systems employing a single laser source at the transmitter
 with a narrow linewidth." In this paper abstract, what is the difference between incoherent channel and coherent channel?
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Disinfection of Seneca Virus A (SVA) is important, especially in pig farms and laboratory settings, where the virus may persist on surfaces and equipment. Because SVA is a non enveloped RNA virus from the Family Secoviridae, it is relatively resistant to some disinfectants, but can be effectively inactivated with the right agents. ### Effective disinfectants for SVA 1. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC)   Medium effectiveness but requires a longer contact time.   Efficacy is increased when used in combination with aldehydes or alcohols. 2. Aldehydes (e.g., glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde)   Very effective against SVA.   Typically used in combination with QAC for improved performance. 3. Peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid)   Strong oxidants that can inactivate SVA.   Peracetic acid is particularly effective. 4. Phenolic disinfectants   Effective at high concentrations.   Used in veterinary environments for farm hygiene. 5. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)   Effective at concentrations of ≥1,000 ppm.   Requires thorough surface contact to ensure proper inactivation. 6. Heat and pH sensitivity   High temperatures (≥60°C) can rapidly inactivate SVA.   Acidic (pH < 3) and basic (pH > 12) conditions compromise viral integrity. ### Notes on disinfectant resistance   SVA can persist on surfaces for days to weeks, depending on environmental conditions.   Organic matter (feces, dirt, biofilms) can reduce disinfectant efficacy, so pre cleaning is required before disinfection. 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: how Powdery mildew pathogen can affect on plant physiological parameters (leaf transpiration rate (E; mmol/m2s), stomatal conductance (gs; mol/m2s), nitrate concentration in leaves ([NO3-]leaf; mg/Kg DW, total amino acids content in phloem sap ([AAt], mmol/L), guard cells apoplast pH (pHapo), and potassium content in apoplast and cytoplasm of guard cells ([K+]apo and [K+]cyt).)
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: We apply variational inference by introducing a variational distribution $q(T|T')$ to approximate the true posterior $P(T|T')$. The Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO) approximation is derived as:
$$\begin{aligned}
\log P(Y|T') 
&\geq \mathbb{E}_{q(T|T')} \left[ \log \frac{P(Y, T|T')}{q(T|T')} \right] \quad \text{(Jensen's inequality)} \\
&= \mathbb{E}_{q(T|T')} \left[ \log P(Y|T) + \log \frac{P(T|T')}{q(T|T')} \right] \\
&= \underbrace{\mathbb{E}_{q(T|T')} \left[ \log P(Y|T) \right]}_{\text{Reconstruction term}} - \underbrace{D_{\text{KL}}\left(q(T|T') \parallel P(T|T')\right)}_{\text{KL divergence}}.
\end{aligned}$$
where maximizing $\log P(Y|T)$ ensures that the model reconstructs correct outputs based on the corrected input, and minimizing the KL divergence ensures that the variational distribution $q(T|T')$ is close to the true posterior $P(T|T')$ as the perturbed invariant distribution.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Firstly, tourism can provide economic benefits to post-conflict communities. By attracting visitors, tourism can create jobs, stimulate local businesses, and generate revenue (Kiryakova-Dineva and Kyurova, 2020). For example, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, tourism has been shown to have a positive impact on the economy, with a significant increase in visitor numbers and revenue after the 1990s conflict (Alluri, 2009). Similarly, in Colombia, the tourism industry has been instrumental in promoting peace and development in the Amazonian region, with a significant increase in visitor numbers and revenue after the signing of the peace agreement in 2016 (Sucumbíos, 2020).
Subject: tourism studies
Intent: Other
Query: Currently I would like to build the case that common intrusion response system literature (e.g., using statistical machine learning) is inadequate for continuous deployment in a network because it is unable to handle sequential decision-making. Also, as far as I can tell, rule-based logic is grounding these methods, which means that they are incapable of adaption over a period of time. A paper that should make this point is "Cyber Resilience using Autonomous Agents and Reinforcement Learning" by Hasan Cam, published in 2020. However, I do not have access to this particular publisher (SPIE). Could you point me towards scientific articles that also support this statements or make similar claims? Specifically, I am to distinguish between more classical forms of intrusion response and "autonomous intrusion response" which is also often called "autonomous cyber defense".
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: "Research and compare the most effective cognitive enhancers and neuroprotective factors, with a specific focus on:

1. Natural and synthetic substances shown to enhance cognitive function
2. Comparative analysis of their effectiveness versus caffeine, including:
   - Memory enhancement
   - Focus and attention
   - Processing speed
   - Learning capability
   - Long-term brain health

3. Key areas to investigate:
   - Exercise and physical activity
   - Sleep optimization
   - Dietary factors and supplements
   - Mindfulness and meditation
   - Social interaction
   - Novel learning experiences
   - Omega-3 fatty acids
   - Various nootropics

4. Include:
   - Scientific evidence from peer-reviewed studies
   - Effect sizes compared to caffeine
   - Safety profiles and potential risks
   - Timing and dosage recommendations
   - Synergistic combinations
   - Individual variation in response

Prioritize findings from meta-analyses and systematic reviews published within the last 5 years."
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: This hypothesis is not testable because it assumes that the age of the mother's ova affects the IQ of the child, but this cannot be directly proven. The age of the ova is not something we can easily observe or measure, and even if we could, it's unclear how it would directly influence IQ. There are many other factors, like the parent's age, genetics, and socioeconomic status, that could have a bigger effect on intelligence (Author, Year). 
Subject: psychology
Intent: Other
Query: In tropical climates, repeated exposure to arboviruses—including Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever—is common and often occurs sequentially or concurrently. This “arbovirus polyinfection” phenomenon introduces complex immunological interactions with significant implications for CNS health. Clinical and experimental data from Ecuador and Thailand indicate that prior Dengue infection modulates the neuroinflammatory and neurodevelopmental consequences of subsequent Zika virus infection through mechanisms such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and altered microglial priming 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: for my abract write a introduction 

KinaseTerrain: A Novel Visual Analytics Approach for
Enhanced Kinase Activity Profiling
Abstract
Large-scale kinomic profiling now enables the simultaneous measurement of
phosphorylation events across numerous peptide substrates, providing comprehensive
insights into kinase signaling in both normal and disease states. Although heatmaps, box
plots, and other traditional methods remain critical, they can miss important higher-order
relationships among peptides and experimental conditions. In this work, we introduce
KinaseTerrain, a novel visual analytics approach that renders kinomic data as an intuitive,
topographical “landscape.” By placing functionally or correlationally related peptides in
close spatial proximity and mapping their intensities to topographic “peaks” and “valleys,”
KinaseTerrain reveals nuanced co-regulation patterns that might not be evident in
standard plots. We have implemented this technique in a user-friendly web application
integrating data filtering, correlation-based mapping, and ex vivo drug response options.
By complementing established approaches, KinaseTerrain can uncover intricate
phosphorylation trends and functional peptide clusters, informing both fundamental
research and therapeutic strategies
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Consequently, considering the amount of bioavailable caffeine, i.e. the caffeine that passes into the bloodstream and is then distributed throughout the human body, it could be considered safe to drink up to 9 cups of espresso coffee or up to 4 double coffees throughout the day in order not to exceed the maximum recommended caffeine amount of 400 mg per day (EFSA, 2015).
Subject: nutrition science
Intent: Other
Query: can you help me find a similar paper? As AI systems increasingly impact our lives, ensuring they are fair and safe across diverse societal contexts is paramount. Societal context data (e.g., locale-specific slurs, regional stereotypes, sensitive topics), crucial for evaluating models, is not a collection of isolated facts, but rather a web of interconnected elements that influence and shape each other. We present SCALPEL (Societal Context Analysis leveraging Links for Precise Evaluation and Learning), a knowledge representation approach to represent societal context data using knowledge graphs. Unlike previous approaches that treat societal context as fragmented data points, our approach leverages the expressive formalism of knowledge graphs to capture highly interconnected data and their sophisticated querying capabilities to enable nuanced analysis and targeted model evaluations. Our experience applying this approach to represent real-world datasets demonstrates its feasibility and effectiveness, revealing key challenges and opportunities in curating and utilizing societal context knowledge graphs for responsible AI development.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The practice of utilizing information as a weapon of warfare has profound roots in history. From the ancient times leaders have known that the development of lies, propaganda, and psychological operations would give them an edge over their enemy. For instance, in the book “The Art of War” Sun Tzu talked about the importance of deception as the foundation of military strategy. History has shown how information campaigns have been used to weaken the morale of enemy troops, sway public opinion and mislead people as a part of a deception tactic.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia are experiencing accelerated population aging alongside persistent burdens of infectious diseases. Recent epidemiological data indicate that the prevalence of AD and related dementias in these regions is rising . Notably, these settings exhibit distinct AD phenotypes characterized by increased cerebrovascular pathology, heightened neuroinflammatory signatures, and a higher prevalence of mixed dementia syndromes 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: This study investigated differences in microbial communities between Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and healthy control groups using a multi-faceted approach integrating taxonomic profiling, diversity analysis, machine learning classification, and network analysis. The oral metagenomics dataset used in this study were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (RSA) bio-project number 123, enabling a comprehensive investigation into the role of the oral microbiome in neurodegeneration.
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: The proportion of financing from Islamic banks, or value of Sharia-compliant investments.

The Proportion of financing from Islamic Banks.

Islamic Financing Ratio=
(Total Financing from Islamic Banks/Total Financing) *100

 Value of Sharia-Compliant Investments
Sharia Compliance Ratio = 
(Sharia-Compliant Investments / Total Investments) *100


Islamic Product Penetration (to measure the adoption of Islamic finance products)
= (Number of Islamic Financial Products Used /Total Financial Product Used) *100


Subject: finance
Intent: Other
Query: The study applied mixed-method research design to assess the factors determining the trust towards e-commerce adoption. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze quantitative data, allowing for hypothesis testing and validation of latent constructs. The SEM, with its covariance-based approach, allowed modelling causal effects among sets of factors across four higher-level constructs: technological, user-trust, product and environmental factors. The proposed trust model was validated qualitatively by applying the Delphi technique, a method that works through an expert panel to fine-tune and validate the proposed model. This approach offered both statistical power and expert knowledge validation of the results, which contributed to the reliability of the study.
Subject: business
Intent: Other
Query: 8.	Create a chapter for a research-backed mental health book aimed at youth and young adults. Topic: " “Your Body, Your Mind: Body Image & Self-Esteem” Requirements: Style: Blend academic rigor with accessible language suitable for readers aged 15-25. Maintain a professional yet engaging tone. Structure: Opening hook with relevant statistics/research Clear explanation of key concepts.  THE TOPIC IS “Your Body, Your Mind: Body Image & Self-Esteem" Global perspective with cultural variations Evidence-based impacts on mental health Practical solutions and coping strategies Actionable takeaways Content must include: Recent research findings with citations (post-2019) Global statistics and cultural perspectives Expert insights and studies Real-world implications Evidence-based interventions Citations needed from: Peer-reviewed journals Major health organizations Recent academic studies Reputable mental health institutions Tone guidelines: Avoid overly clinical language Use clear examples Include relevant context Balance scientific accuracy with readability Maintain hope while acknowledging challenges Chapter length: 2500-3000 words. Please include all references in APA format. Objective Your task is to write a chapter for a book focused on youth mental health FOR WHICH THE TOPIC IS ABOUT " “Your Body, Your Mind: Body Image & Self-Esteem”. The chapter should be scientifically accurate, well-researched, and provide a solid background for the various statements and lines included. The goal is to create a valuable and informative resource for youth, parents, educators, and mental health professionals. The topic is “Your Body, Your Mind: Body Image & Self-Esteem” with focus on 
•	Cultural pressures and beauty standards
•	Media influence on self-perception
•	Gender-specific challenges
•	The connection between physical and mental health
•	Eating disorders and disordered eating
•	Building a healthy relationship with your body
•	Exercise and nutrition for mental wellbeing
•	Practical exercises for building self-esteem
•	Building adaptability skills
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 4	Advanced and Future Perspectives
4.1 Clinical Translation Challenges and Opportunities
*   VI.A.1.  Scale-up and Manufacturing Considerations (Challenges in large-scale production of nano-quercetin formulations)
*   VI.A.2.  Regulatory and Safety Aspects (Addressing regulatory pathways and safety evaluations for clinical use)
*   VI.A.3.  Potential for Personalized Medicine (Tailoring nano-quercetin delivery based on individual patient and tumor characteristics)
 write review content 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Investigate the thermodynamic relationships between ambient temperature exposure and testosterone biosynthesis, bioavailability, and tissue utilization in the human body. Using evidence from peer-reviewed literature, analyze the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which cold exposure modulates testosterone production, transport, and receptor binding. Examine the optimal temperature ranges for testosterone synthesis and metabolism, while critically evaluating research findings on how thermal stress influences the hormone's biological activity and cellular uptake across target tissues. Address any contradictory findings in the literature regarding temperature-dependent effects on the testosterone signaling axis.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Contemporary scholarship increasingly acknowledges that social media platforms operate as digital spaces where cultural identity and tourism intersect (Buhalis, 2020). These platforms have reshaped how destinations are perceived and promoted, moving beyond traditional marketing channels and allowing user-generated content to influence regional branding. According to Buhalis (2020), technology-mediated travel experiences encourage co-creation processes in which locals and tourists collaboratively frame a destination’s image. By providing real-time accounts of local festivals, natural attractions, or cultural practices, social media narratives become an influential force in shaping public sentiment (Mandagi et al. 2024). Dalmatia and the Montenegrin coast—both located on the eastern Adriatic shoreline—are recognized as emerging yet culturally significant areas for tourism (Zadel et al. 2021). While Dalmatia has a well-established tourism infrastructure and a strong legacy of international visitation, the Montenegrin coastline has experienced a rapid surge in popularity over the past decade, spurred by policy reforms and international marketing. Comparative studies of coastal tourism in Southeastern Europe highlight that these regions encounter parallel challenges, including environmental sustainability, seasonal overtourism, and socio-cultural shifts. However, differences exist in governance structures and the pace of development, suggesting that sentiment analyses should account for these contextual nuances
Subject: tourism studies
Intent: Other
Query: talk about these in the context of SLT practices: Embracing multiple perspectives: Advocate for the inclusion of diverse viewpoints in teaching materials to encourage students to recognize and critique dominant narratives. This practice supports critical thinking and inclusivity.
Fostering critical thinking: Highlight the need for SLT materials to prompt learners to question assumptions, analyze biases, and consider various cultural interpretations, enhancing their analytical skills.
Connecting to learners’ realities: Stress the importance of selecting materials that reflect learners’ own experiences and backgrounds, ensuring an inclusive and relatable learning environment that validates their identities.

Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: One of the major issues we encountered was the generation of vague or overly general responses. When prompted to determine whether a specific statement was supported by a given sentence, the model often failed to provide a clear, direct answer. Instead of addressing the specific question, the model would produce a generalized explanation or even an irrelevant response that sidestepped the core inquiry. This ambiguity made it difficult to trust the results, as the model frequently avoided making definitive statements about the validity of the biomedical assertions.

Additionally, there was a notable problem with inconsistency in the results
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: As an experienced educational specialist in higher education, your task is to help develop a curriculum for a Master's program in health aging. The curriculum should be designed to provide advanced knowledge and skills in the field of health aging, covering topics such as gerontology, public health, healthcare management, and social aspects of aging.

Your role involves outlining the core courses, elective courses, and any specialized tracks within the program. The curriculum should incorporate a balance of theoretical knowledge, practical application, and research components to ensure a comprehensive learning experience for students. Additionally, you should consider integrating industry-relevant insights, emerging trends, and innovative approaches to address the multifaceted challenges of health aging.

Please ensure that the curriculum aligns with academic standards, accreditation requirements, and the program's educational goals. It should also promote interdisciplinary collaboration, critical analysis, and ethical considerations related to health aging.

Your expertise will be valuable in creating a dynamic and impactful curriculum that prepares students for leadership roles in the field of health aging.
Subject: education
Intent: Ideation
Query: Please carry out a research into the various nations that have officially adopted a "Circular Economy of Water" strategy or framework at the municipal level of water use. Identify the specific legislation, act, or government policy, including the year of enactment, that supports this initiative. Ensure that the sources provided for these documents are credible.

Note that the focus is on "water." Some countries have circular economy policies that do not include water, and others may apply circular economy principles to water management without explicitly stating so in their policies. Only include countries that have clearly stated "Circular Economy of Water" or a similar name of framework in their policy documents.

Please present the findings in a table with the following columns: Country Name, Policy Document Name and Year, Key Highlights (2 to 3 points, ideally capturing the integration of utility practices with the Circular Economy of Water), the explicit name of the framework as mentioned in the policy document (such as "circular water economy" or "circular economy of water" or similar), and a valid source or reference for the document (either a direct link or a full citation in AMA style).
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Please give references used:The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new frontiers in algorithm design automation. Their code generation capabilities have been successfully deployed across various tasks, including debugging, competitive programming, and optimization problems \cite{naveed2023recent,yang2023llm,shinn2024reinforcing}. Early applications like AlphaCode demonstrated the potential for generating individual functions from natural language descriptions. However, these approaches were constrained by their reliance on expert-designed templates and manual curation, limiting their ability to independently generate comprehensive algorithmic workflows or innovative structures. Frameworks like FunSearch \cite{romera2024funsearch,liu2024evolution} attempt to address these limitations by integrating evolutionary strategies and advanced prompt engineering.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Metadata
Query: Give me the reference for below:
Update Control Techniques
Examples include FedAvg [ref], which uses periodic updates to aggregate local models after multiple training steps, and FDA (Federated Dynamic Averaging) [ref], which triggers communication adaptively based on model divergence thresholds. Periodic schemes reduce communication by fixed intervals, whereas adaptive triggers dynamically adjust communication based on model state or resource availability, providing more flexibility at the cost of increased protocol complexity
Subject: computer science
Intent: Metadata
Query: The study's finding of a dramatic 94-95% reduction in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes following antibiotic treatment aligns perfectly with current research. Studies have found that dysbiosis in gut microbiota is linked to AD pathophysiological changes, such as abnormal brain Aβ aggregation, inflammation response, immune dysfunction, and neuronal and synaptic damage, with significant alterations in the gut microbial composition observed in AD, showing increased pro-inflammatory bacteria and decreased anti-inflammatory bacteria
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: The second category of white-box techniques
is ensemble-based methods, which leverage the
diversity of output predictions made by multiple
slightly different versions of models under slightly
different conditions. Let us assume that M models
are available with parameters θi
, i = 1, . . . , M.
These parameters can be obtained via independent training of models. Then one can use token
P(yl
| y<l, x, θi) and sequence P(y | x, θi) probabilities to compute various metrics such as mutual
information that measures the discrepancy between
model predictions. I am confused about this. it is about llm uncertinty quatification
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: I want to do a scientfic work about osteoporosis detection in panoramic mouth images. What I saw in the literature, the models that are doing great are Efficient Nets and resNets. I want to try a fine tuning strategy, that, for what I saw, there isnt so much work about it. My training strategy for  this fine tuning is train YOLO with my new images; train Efficient Nets and Resnet with prior chest x rays open source images and then fine tune with my panoramic ones. Is it good for a scientif aproach?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: Intuition and motivation:
The model tends to memorize specific text sequences, and this part of "rote memorization" is not helpful for downstream generalization. If the data is continuously transformed adversarially during training (such as random synonym replacement, word order exchange, sentence reorganization, information compression and re-expansion), the model can be forced to focus on the abstract semantic structure behind the text rather than the surface token sequence. In this way, if the model wants to "remember" knowledge points, it must map the input through a relatively stable concept representation rather than memorizing specific strings.

Research content: Dynamic data transformation strategy: After training several checkpoints, the part of the training data that is remembered by the model with high confidence is automatically replaced in syntax, vocabulary, and style, and the transformed data is re-injected into subsequent training.

Please tell me if this idea has been studied before?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: find 3-5 references about

*****
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment modality that utilizes the nuclear reaction between externally irradiated epithermal neutrons and boron-10 (10B). Upon neutron capture, 10B generates high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation with extremely short ranges, less than a cell diameter. Consequently, when 10B is specifically localized within cancer cells, it becomes theoretically possible to achieve cancer-specific cytotoxicity with minimal effects on surrounding normal cells.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Key Applications in Brain-on-Chip Platforms
	1.	Neural Network Electrophysiology
	•	Monitoring electrical activity in brain models.
	2.	Drug Screening and Toxicology
	•	High-throughput evaluation using MEAs.
	3.	Neurodegenerative Disease Models
	•	Studying pathophysiology with enhanced resolution.
	4.	Brain-Computer Interfaces
	•	Prototyping and advancements in neurotechnology.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query:  rrnB P1 Promoter Fragments with Random Upstream
 Sequences. Promoter fragments used in the first round of
 selection were synthesized in vitro from two partially comple
mentary oligonucleotides (Fig. 1A). Oligonucleotides [2.4 ng
 each; Genosys (The Woodlands, TX)NSC Technologies (Mt.
 Prospect, IL)] were incubated in 40 mM TrisHCl (pH 7.5), 20
 mMMgCl2,and50mMNaClfor5minat95°C,thenannealed
 by slow cooling to 30°C. The 3 ends were extended with 0.5
 mMdNTPsandT7DNApolymerase(Sequenase,Amersham)
 at 37°C for 1 hr, and the resulting fragments were extracted
 with phenol, then chloroform, and dNTPs were removed by
 using a Microcon 30K filter (Amicon). Eighteen randomly
 chosen fragments were sequenced after cloning into phage ;
 the frequency of base pairs at each position in the randomized
 region ( 59 to 38) was approximately equal. Promoter
 fragments (1 g) were digested with HindIII and labeled with
 5 Ci [-32P]-dATP and T7 DNA polymerase for 15 min at
 37°C in NEBuffer 2 (New England Biolabs).

ようやくして。
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: This comprehensive study aims not only to validate the anti-diabetic properties of Ghanaian medicinal plants but also to contribute significantly to the global scientific discourse on natural products for diabetes management. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific methodologies, the research holds the promise of discovering novel therapeutic agents that are effective, culturally acceptable, and accessible to underserved populations. Furthermore, the findings could pave the way for the development of standardized herbal formulations, ensuring safety, efficacy, and consistency in their application
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: I am an LLM researcher interested in reasoning. 
Consider the following experiment: 

Take a text corpus of human generated step-by-step reasoning (extracted from, say a math textbook). 
For simplicity, assume that it is a text file with each line representing a thought step. 
Truncate the text at the nth line (where n is respectively 90%, 50%, and 10% of the original text corpus). 
Have the LLM generate text using the truncated text corpus (and vary the generation hyperparameters such as temperature, topp, topk, tokenization, etc.)
Measure deviation of generated text from original text. 

Has this been done before? 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Olaparib is used to treat BRCA1/2 mutations in triple negative breast cancer, Paclitaxel is used to treat triple negative breast cancer by inhibiting cell division, Carboplatin is used to treat triple negative breast cancer by inhibiting DNA replication, and all three drugs are indicated for Black/African American patients with no history of neoadjuvant treatment and are used to treat patients with overexpressed CD798 and overexpressed LYN.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: can you please find  papers on this topic 
Precision agriculture (PA) refers to the integration of advanced technologies to optimize farming practices, enhance crop yields, and reduce environmental impact. Key technologies in PA include global positioning systems (GPS), geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and variable rate technology (VRT). These tools enable farmers to collect and analyze data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, leading to more efficient resource management. By applying inputs such as water, fertilizer, and pesticides precisely where and when needed, PA reduces waste, lowers costs, and minimizes environmental degradation. The adoption of PA has the potential to revolutionize agricultural practices by improving productivity and sustainability, although challenges related to cost, data integration, and access to technology remain.
Subject: agriculture
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Nowadays, with the rise of use of social media all around the world, it is possible to use public posts for various purposes. One of them could be screening processes for detection of mental health issues. Moreover, the quantity of available research studies online is incresingly numerous, which is positive because of information sharing and development of science, but limits the ability of mental healthcare workers to be able to process all this information. Therefore, methods based on informatics, and, nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) have arised as an opportunity to reduce the administrative burden on these workers, and to act as a support to access information, among others.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Give me the reference  for below:

Hierarchical and Clustered FL:
Examples include edge-assisted hierarchical FL [ref], where local edge servers perform intermediate aggregation to reduce the uplink load on central servers, and clustered FL frameworks [ref], which group clients by geographic or data similarity before aggregation. These approaches improve scalability but introduce challenges such as cluster management complexity and potential model inconsistency across hierarchy levels.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The rapid growth of wireless networks and the
increasing demand for distributed machine learning have driven
the integration of federated learning (FL) with advanced com-
munication technologies such as non-orthogonal multiple access
(NOMA). However, the deployment of FL in wireless networks
faces significant challenges, including non-independent and
identically distributed (non-IID) data, dynamic network con-
ditions, and limited communication resources. To address these
challenges, this work proposes a novel framework that leverages
reinforcement learning (RL) for adaptive clustering and power
allocation in grant-free NOMA-enhanced wireless FL net-
works.nThe proposed framework introduces a hybrid approach
that combines federated RL with graph-based methods to opti-
mize clustering and resource allocation in real time. Specifically,
graph-based clustering is used to group devices based on their
data distributions and channel conditions, while federated RL
enables devices to collaboratively learn optimal power allocation
policies without sharing raw data. The integration of grant-
free NOMA further enhances scalability and reduces latency
by allowing devices to transmit without explicit scheduling,
while RL-based collision management ensures efficient resource
utilization.Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed
framework significantly improves FL performance in terms of
test accuracy, convergence rate, and energy efficiency, compared
to traditional FL baselines
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Tell me the related research to the following theorem:
\textbf{Theorem 1.}  
Let \( G \) be a triangulated planar graph with a vertex labeling \( f: V(G) \to \mathbb{N} \) satisfying the following conditions:  
\[
f(a) \leq f(b), \quad f(a) \leq f(d), \quad f(c) \leq f(b), \quad f(c) \leq f(d).
\]  

Then, the following holds:  
\[
\min_{p \in P_{a,c}} \max_{v \in V(p)} f(v) = \max_{p \in P_{b,d}} \min_{v \in V(p)} f(v),
\]  
where \( P_{a,c} \) represents the set of all paths connecting vertices \( a \) and \( c \) in \( G \) (similarly for \( P_{b,d} \)).

Subject: math
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Summarize Bellman-consistant pessimism from the following paper in 1-2 sentences. Tengyang Xie, Ching-An Cheng, Nan Jiang, Paul Mineiro, and Alekh Agarwal. Bellman- consistent pessimism for offline reinforcement learning. Advances in neural information processing systems, 34:6683–6694, 2021.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: "I am interested in privacy-preserving techniques for medical data analysis, especially in the context of distributed and collaborative research. Are there any notable studies or advancements in the following areas?

Personal Health Train (PHT): A framework where algorithms are sent to the data, instead of transferring sensitive data itself, ensuring privacy.
Federated Learning (FL): Applications in medical data that allow AI model training across institutions without data centralization.
Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC): Practical implementations in real-world healthcare scenarios that balance scalability and usability.
Blockchain for Medical Data Sharing: Leveraging blockchain for secure and traceable access to distributed medical datasets.
Privacy-by-Design Systems: Research environments such as Trusted Research Environments (TREs) or similar setups designed with privacy as a foundational principle.
Additionally, I am keen to know if there are innovative tools or platforms that simplify these technologies for non-technical stakeholders in healthcare (e.g., EasySMPC). Any insights into real-world applications or recent advancements in these areas?"**

Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Table 4.10: Between-Group Comparison of QoL and ROM (Independent T-test)
	
Independent T-test for Equality of Means

Variables


	Groups


	Mean Difference

	t


	df


	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference	Sig. (2-tailed)
					Lower	Upper	
Pre Rx QOL	Exp	-0.29	-0.43	46	-1.63	1.05	0.66
	Control	-0.29	-0.43	45.3	-1.63	1.05	0.66
Post Rx QOL	Exp	-2.37	-3.62	46	-3.69	-1.05	0.00
	Control	-2.37	-3.62	45.52	-3.69	-1.05	0.00
Pre Rx ROM	Exp	3.12	0.92	46	-3.69	9.94	0.36
	Control	3.12	0.92	41.6	-3.71	9.96	0.36
Post Rx ROM	Exp	18.33	6.92	46	13.00	23.66	0.00
	Control	18.33	6.92	42.5	12.99	23.67	0.00
interpret this table
Subject: math
Intent: Paper Understanding