allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: Could you suggest references: Notably, cognitive research has been shaped by several key figures who have made significant contributions to the field. Some of the most notable individuals include Ulric Neisser, often referred to as the “father of cognitive psychology,” Neisser's research and theories laid the groundwork for the field as we know it today. His seminal book, Cognitive Psychology, published in 1967, helped define the discipline. Jean Piaget, a renowned Swiss psychologist, is widely recognized for his significant contributions to developmental psychology, specifically his influential theory of children's cognitive development. His research and ideas have greatly influenced educational practices and our understanding of cognitive growth. The linguist and philosopher, Noam Chomsky, revolutionized the study of language and cognition. His theories on generative grammar and the innate language ability of humans, have had a profound impact on cognitive science and psychology. George A. Miller's work on short-term memory and cognitive processing helped establish the field of cognitive psychology. His groundbreaking paper, “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two,” remains influential in understanding human information processing. Elizabeth Loftus, a prominent figure in memory research, is best known for her work on false memories and the malleability of human memory. Her research has had important implications for the legal system and eyewitness testimony. 

Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel Prize-winning psychologist is known for his work on decision-making and judgment. His research, in collaboration with Amos Tversky, led to the development of prospect theory and has been influential in understanding cognitive biases and heuristics. Alan Turing was primarily known as a mathematician and computer scientist, and yet his work on artificial intelligence and the “Turing-Test” (the Turing-Test is a measure of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human) has had a lasting impact on cognitive science and the study of human cognition. These key figures, along with many others, have played crucial roles in shaping cognitive research and broadening our understanding of the human mind. 

Over the past few decades, cognitive science has continued to evolve, incorporating new methodologies, such as neuroimaging techniques and computational modeling, and exploring the intersections between cognition and other fields, such as social cognition i, affective neuroscience ii and embodied cognition iii. 
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Contrastive learning [82, 87, 22, 54, 101, 24, 56, 75, 36, 11] learns discriminative representations
from multiple views of the same instance. It works with certain dictionary look-up mechanism [22],
where a given image x is augmented into two views, query and key, and the query token q should
match its designated key k+ over a set of negative keys k�� from other images. Existing work can
be broadly classified into three categories based on dictionary creation strategies. The first creates
a memory bank [82] to store all the keys in the previous epoch. The second builds an end-to-end
dictionary [87, 75, 36, 11] that generates keys using samples from the current mini-batch. The third
employs a momentum encoder [22] that generates keys on-the-fly by a momentum-updated encoder.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: As Alizadeh et al \cite{Alizadeh2020} note, "where" questions are crucial in GIS and spatial information systems because they enable users to gather location-specific insights, provide explanations, and facilitate accurate answers in diverse contexts. Addressing such questions effectively requires geographic question-answering systems to identify relevant anchor places, which are assumed to be known to the inquirer (Hamzei et al., 2021).
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Key Applications in Brain-on-Chip Platforms
	•	Neural Network Electrophysiology
	•	Monitoring electrical activity in brain models.
	•	Drug Screening and Toxicology
	•	High-throughput evaluation using MEAs.
	•	Neurodegenerative Disease Models
	•	Studying pathophysiology with enhanced resolution.
	•	Brain-Computer Interfaces
	•	Prototyping and advancements in neurotechnology.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: find 3 different papers for paragraph " paper adapts the T-FREE method for Russian to improve tokenization-free language models. Traditional tokenizers are often inefficient, especially for complex languages like Russian (Deiseroth et al., 2024). T-FREE reduces memory usage with sparse activation patterns but is underexplored in non-English contexts. This research aims to broaden T-FREE's application to underrepresented languages."
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: To support the selection of an appropriate CMS, research was conducted on [Chosen Attraction]’s organizational goals, staff needs, and user expectations. Key considerations include:
•	Enhancing internal communication through an intranet to improve collaboration and document sharing among employees.
•	Providing an engaging and informative external website for visitors to easily access information regarding attraction details, tickets, and events.
•	Ensuring ease of content management for non-technical staff, allowing updates without requiring specialized knowledge.
•	Aligning with accessibility and SEO best practices to maximize site reach and usability.
•	Security and compliance with data protection regulations to safeguard sensitive information.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: continue this text by explaining why do we need metric in agile. 
Agile methodologies have revolutionized the way teams collaborate and
products are delivered, transforming the software development and project man-
agement landscape. Originating from the Agile Manifesto in the early 2000s, this
approach has gained widespread adoption across various industries, including
manufacturing, education, and healthcare [1]. Agile’s core principles emphasize
adaptability, iterative progress, and customer-centricity in dynamic business en-
vironments.Agile’s adaptability is its most significant advantage, allowing teams
to respond to changing requirements and emerging technologies [2].
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) encompasses traditions, performing arts, and oral expressions passed through generations. As defined by UNESCO, ICH plays a crucial role in cultural identity and continuity. However, the rapid pace of modernization threatens these traditions, necessitating innovative preservation approaches. Digital technologies, including AI, offer new possibilities for recording, recreating, and disseminating ICH. Early digital preservation efforts focused on textual documentation and audio-visual archiving, but these methods often fail to capture the performative depth and interactive nature of ICH expressions.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: What will be the conceptual framework for this? A research topic on decentralized evaluation units within National Evaluation Systems (NES) can be a valuable contribution to the field of evaluation and governance. The objectives of identifying challenges and best practices can be achieved through a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. One possible research question is: "What are the challenges and best practices of decentralized evaluation units within National Evaluation Systems, and how can they be improved to enhance the effectiveness of evaluation and governance?
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Ideation
Query: Regarding patient satisfaction in the emergency department , 

Consider the following  demographic factors: 
1- Age 
2- Gender
3- Marital status 
4- Residence (urban vs rural)
5- Educational level
6- Occupation/employment 
7- Income



Review , then synthesize the relevant literature ( including theories) to explain how the above mentioned factors of patients influence their satisfaction with the healthcare in the emergency department. 


Be comprehensive, and  combine evidence using logic , relevant findings and theories to fully and specifically illustrate (with justification) the mechanisms behind the interaction between these factors and satisfaction.  


Use clear and straightforward terms and phrases . 





Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Calcium imaging was performed on capillary endothelial cells in the lungs of living mice. The results showed that in healthy lungs, gCap generates calcium oscillations, and these calcium waves propagate through aCap to the lung tissue. On the other hand, after i.p. injection of LPS, those calcium waves disappeared. These are new observations, but we would like to create a new spatiotemporal model of calcium signaling. By what mechanism do you think this phenomenon is observed?
Subject: biology
Intent: Ideation
Query: As the core antigen of Rh blood group system, the three-dimensional structure of RHD protein is the basis for the development of targeted inhibitors. The epitope topology and dynamic epitope exposure mechanism were clarified by cryo electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that the 12 transmembrane domains of RHD protein formed a dynamic conformation with the extracellular loop, and ecl4 and ecl6 were the main binding regions of anti-D antibody. For example, ser203 of ecl4 and pro334 of ecl6 form high affinity binding with antibody CDR3 region through hydrogen bond network. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation showed that under specific conditions, glu168 of tmd5 moved to form a new antibody binding site.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs (2017), FastGCN: Fast Learning with Graph Convolutional Networks via Importance Sampling (2018), GraphSAINT: Graph Sampling Based Inductive Learning Method (2020), Cluster-GCN: An Efficient Algorithm for Training Deep and Large Graph Convolutional Networks (2019)

summarize these papers in relation to "GNN sampling paradigms".
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: An innovative and simple method that has never been studied before was designed to prepare flexible composite phase change films, with polyethylene glycol as the phase change material and aramid nanofiber as the main matrix. The preparation method is detailed and can perfectly solve the core contradiction between flexibility and phase change material loading. No vacuum impregnation or toxic and harmful methods were used. The resulting material must be non-leakage, highly thermally conductive, highly latent heat, highly flexible, flame-retardant, and suitable for thermal management of electronic devices.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using it), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction. In the context of e-government, AI encompasses technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, and computer vision, which are utilized to improve governmental operations and service delivery .

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Traditional CNNs often struggle with high-resolution images due to limitations in memory and computational resources. Consequently, images are typically divided into smaller patches or tiles for analysis. However, this patch-based method can compromise the preservation of global context and spatial relationships, which are essential for accurate diagnosis (Wang et al. 2022) Also, many existing models lack robustness to  geometric transformations, which frequently occur during sample preparation and digitization. The authors of (Dai et al. 2017) suggest that deformable convolutional networks show potential for addressing these geometric distortions. However, their use in high-resolution histopathology images remains unexplored due to their high computational overhead. There is a need for innovative methods that can handle the challenges of high-resolution data while effectively adapting to geometric transformations without sacrificing computational efficiency.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Senecavirus A (SVA) is considered to have a single known genotype. Unlike other viruses that exhibit multiple distinct genotypes, SVA shows genetic variability within a single genotype, primarily due to mutations and recombination events.

Genetic Characteristics of Senecavirus A
Family: Picornaviridae
Genus: Senecavirus
Species: Senecavirus A
Genotype: Single known genotype with genetic diversity among strains
Genome: Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (~7.3 kb in length)
Genetic Variability
Although only one genotype is recognized, SVA strains exhibit genetic diversity, mainly in:

VP1 and VP2 regions: Key capsid proteins that influence viral antigenicity.
3C and 3D regions: Enzymes involved in viral replication.
Phylogenetic Analysis
Recent studies suggest that SVA isolates from different regions (North America, South America, and Asia) show distinct evolutionary clusters, but they still fall under a single genotype.
Recombination events have been reported in some strains, contributing to genetic variability.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: Find papers related to this: 

where ideas flow continuously without explicit thematic boundaries. Preprocessing this text into more coherent segments is essential before applying LLM-based feature extraction. The goal is to produce chunks that are thematically stable, sufficiently large to provide meaningful context, and not overly fragmented. Such chunks enable downstream models to better capture subtle semantic features, personality cues, and thematic nuances.

The preprocessing and chunking methodology proceeds in three key steps. First, an initial segmentation uses sentence-level semantic similarity to identify natural breakpoints. This is accomplished by embedding each sentence and detecting local minima in consecutive sentence similarity scores. Points where similarity drops sharply are considered potential boundaries, thereby creating initial chunks that reflect semantic shifts in the text. Although this produces thematically relevant boundaries, it often results in numerous, short segments that may be too fragmented for effective analysis.

To address excessive fragmentation, a second step merges semantically similar consecutive chunks. Embeddings of entire chunks are computed, and pairs of adjacent chunks that exceed a predefined similarity threshold are combined. This merging reduces the number of chunks, increases their average length, and yields more contextually stable segments. However, some chunks may still remain below an optimal size threshold for meaningful feature extraction.

In the third step, a minimum word count requirement ensures that all chunks reach a predetermined size threshold. Any chunk shorter than the desired length is iteratively merged with its neighboring chunks until no undersized segments remain or no further merges are possible. This iterative approach guarantees that each final chunk offers ample context, thereby enabling LLM-based feature extraction methods to operate on thematically coherent and context-rich units.

By following these three steps—initial semantic segmentation, similarity-based merging, and iterative merging for minimum length—each chunk emerges as a robust, contextually meaningful unit. This ensures that the LLM-based feature extraction process operates on suitable input segments, ultimately improving the quality, consistency, and interpretability of the derived features.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Generate a review of the literature on:
The genetic architecture and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), with particular attention to:
   - Previously identified genetic loci associated with NAFLD
   - The role of multi-ancestry genetic studies in NAFLD
   - The relationship between genetic variants and ALT levels as a NAFLD proxy

Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The self-correction reflection leverages cross-attention mechanisms to link perturbed inputs with latent representations in the dialogue history during the conversation. Specifically, the correction process within the dialogue history reduces error propagation during the inference process. We employ the LLMs as noise-aware encoders to enhance perturbation pattern recognition. It tightens the bound between noisy inputs and reliable outputs, mirroring human-like error mitigation. This theoretical grounding validates our paradigm’s efficacy, as demonstrated in experiments.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Automatic algorithm design is a fundamental challenge in computer science, with far-reaching implications for scientific discovery, engineering innovation, and computational problem solving.
In recent years, efforts to address this challenge have continued to make progress. More recently, advances in machine learning for algorithm design have enabled systems to learn optimization strategies from data or generate code snippets for specific tasks. Large language models (LLMs) like GPT have pushed the boundaries further, demonstrating the ability to generate executable code from natural language prompts, opening up new possibilities for large-scale automated algorithm design. In contrast, Reevo and EOH have made some progress, but can only generate a single function, requiring a lot of experience from experts?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I need you to merge the ideas of these three articles, I want to develop a multihop reasoning dual-agent, can you give me the outline，including the main idea of each step and key fomula
" Hyungjoo Chae, Yongho Song, Kai Tzu-iunn Ong, Taeyoon Kwon, Minjin Kim, Youngjae Yu et al. Dialogue Chain-of-Thought Distillation for Commonsense-aware Conversational Agents. 2023. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. "
"KG-Agent: An Efficient Autonomous Agent Framework for Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graph“
”Walk Wisely on Graph: Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Dual Agents via Efficient Guidance-Exploration“

Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: Which emerging NLP architectures or techniques would be most effective for a production-ready news monitoring and topic aggregation system, assuming we'll be using pre-trained models and focusing on inference optimization? Consider factors like:

Processing speed for real-time news analysis
Accuracy in topic classification and relevance scoring
Efficient handling of streaming data
Cost-effective deployment at scale
Ability to maintain context across multiple related news items
Adaptability to industry-specific terminology and topics
without requiring custom model training?"
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: “The previously summarized statement, ‘Additionally, a study on humans found that supplementation with the same saffron extract for 28 days resulted in a significant improvement in sleep quality that was associated with increased melatonin serum concentrations in the evening (Muñoz et al. 2023),’ is inaccurate, as the cited study (Muñoz et al. 2023) was not conducted on humans. Please verify and provide the correct reference for a human clinical trial, if available
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The semantic triple consists of three components: the subject, which represents the primary entity or concept; the predicate, which characterizes the relationship or action connected to the subject; and the object, which denotes the entity or concept to which the subject is linked via the predicate. This structured format of subject-predicate-object triples provides a clear and explicit way to represent relationships within biomedical data, and is the foundation of our approach.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: How does water quality impact geothermal power generation and the performance of a geothermal power system? Is this impact directly mentioned in the literature, or can it only be inferred indirectly? If directly mentioned, what is the exact quote? If indirectly inferred, what is the logical inference? If directly or indirectly mentioned, does the mention refer to geothermal systems or other cases that are akin to geothermal?
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: A Proposed Framework for Designing and Implementing ICT Standards in Technical Colleges of Gaza Strip
Chapter Four - A Framework for Designing and Implementing ICT Standards in Technical Colleges
1. Introduction
The ongoing conflict and destruction of infrastructure in Gaza Strip, including technical colleges, present unprecedented challenges to education. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) offers a critical pathway to rebuilding and transforming technical education under such dire circumstances. ICT standards are essential not only for enhancing the quality of education but also for creating resilient systems that can operate effectively amidst disruption.
This chapter introduces a proposed framework for designing and implementing ICT standards in technical colleges of Gaza Strip. The framework is specifically tailored to address the dual challenges of rebuilding physical infrastructure and fostering digital transformation. It emphasizes practical solutions that leverage technology to overcome limitations and ensure continuity in education.
The objectives of this chapter include:
1.	Presenting a structured approach for integrating ICT standards into the technical education system of Gaza Strip.
2.	Highlighting the role of ICT in supporting education during crises and rebuilding efforts.
3.	Outlining key components and strategies for implementing the proposed framework in the current context.
By providing a flexible and scalable solution, this framework aims to equip technical colleges in Gaza Strip with the tools and strategies needed to recover from the destruction and build a robust, future-ready education system.
To address the realities of the current situation, the framework prioritizes adaptable measures such as leveraging mobile technologies, enabling remote learning platforms, and collaborating with international organizations for resource mobilization. These strategies ensure both short-term recovery and long-term development, allowing technical colleges to thrive despite ongoing challenges.

Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: improve the conclusions written here: -	Currently, both existing frameworks presented in studies as well as green building rating systems prioritize Energy Performance and Operational Carbon related factors in retrofitting, with minimal consideration of co-benefits related to occupant health and wellbeing. 
-	Operational Carbon and Embodied Carbon should be studied in tandem to offer a Whole Life Cabon assessment and consideration, in Existing Building applications. Many existing studies focus on operational carbon whereas the selection of building materials can highly contribute to both decarbonization and improved Indoor Environmental Quality related benefits.
-	Research attention should be directed to balancing the categories of Environmental Impact and Sustainability as well as Occupant Health and Wellbeing to ensure reaping co-benefits for both the Environmental and Public Health.
-	In existing studies, the correlation between factors have been studied more in Modelling as compared to Framework and theoretical studies. There is a higher number of factors with a DC= 0 in Matrix M, indicating that they have not been studied in correlation with any other decision drivers in theory as compared to fewer cases in Matrix S.
-	Most Green Building Rating Systems do not usually offer a dedicated rating for Existing Buildings. Development of Green Building Rating Systems should focus equally on setting dedicated Existing Building requirements/ credits or even Standalone Standards.
-	In the next steps, a holistic decision-making framework that integrates factors that are beneficial to decarbonization as well as public health will be formulated to upgrade existing retrofitting frameworks.
Subject: architecture/built environment
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query:  Comparison between traditional methods and modern sustainability goals / Comparison between traditional water management techniques and biomimetic applications Traditional water management strategies have been used throughout the ages to deal with water scarcity and improve water quality. However, population growth, urbanization, and climate change have shown the limitations of these approaches in the face of modern challenges. In this context, biomimicry offers a promising alternative or complement to traditional methods, relying on imitation of natural systems to develop more efficient and sustainable engineering solutions. Comparison between traditional approaches and biomimetic applications Feature Traditional water management Traditional biomimetic applications Focus Infrastructure, chemicals, and demand management Imitate natural processes Efficiency Energy-intensive and negatively impact the environment Often more efficient and sustainable Cost High initial investment More cost-effective in the long term Sustainability Not sustainable if not properly managed More sustainable and resilient
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase RESEARCH STRATEGY (including Significance, Innovation, Approach in seperate aims ) for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase RESEARCH STRATEGies and  Innovation for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Research Introduction Prompt: Direct Power Control of Multifunctional Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Adaptive Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control
Objective: Develop a comprehensive introduction that critically examines the evolution of control strategies for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, emphasizing the innovative approach of adaptive super twisting sliding mode control.
Structural Guidelines:

Linear and Backstepping Control Limitations

Analyze the fundamental weaknesses of traditional linear control techniques
Highlight specific performance constraints in photovoltaic power system management
Discuss inherent challenges in maintaining system stability and efficiency using conventional approaches


Motivation for Advanced Control Solutions

Articulate the critical need for more sophisticated control methodologies
Explain the emerging requirements for robust, adaptive control strategies in renewable energy systems
Demonstrate the gaps in existing control frameworks that demand innovative technological interventions


Sliding Mode Control (SMC) Assessment

Provide a detailed examination of sliding mode control principles
Systematically evaluate the advantages of SMC in power electronic systems
Candidly discuss the limitations and potential drawbacks of traditional sliding mode control approaches


Super Twisting Algorithm Introduction

Present the super twisting algorithm as an advanced control solution
Explain its fundamental mechanism and unique characteristics
Highlight its potential to address the shortcomings of conventional sliding mode control techniques


Adaptive Technique Integration

Elaborate on the adaptive methodology associated with Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (STSMC)
Discuss how adaptive techniques enhance the robustness and performance of the control system
Demonstrate the synergistic relationship between adaptive mechanisms and sliding mode control strategies



Tone and Style Requirements:

Maintain a rigorous academic tone
Use precise technical language
Ensure logical progression of arguments
Support claims with technical reasoning
Demonstrate critical analytical approach to control system design
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: fact check- Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, diet, hydration, and cleanliness, can greatly affect the severity or alleviation of many disorders; however, conventional screening models do not always adequately consider these aspects (Beetz, 2003; Micha et al., 2017a; Popkin et al., 2010a). There is a lot of evidence that subclinical symptoms, if left untreated, can cause serious health problems, so this disparity is concerning. Twenty percent or more of young adults have early indicators of atherosclerosis in their coronary arteries, which could begin in adolescence, according to research (Pirillo et al., 2021). One in 250 people worldwide suffer from familial hypercholesterolemia, a condition that can cause dyslipidemia even in people with a normal body weight (Nordestgaard et al., 2013).
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: , modern mobile health apps and wearable devices facilitate these feedback loops: psychophysiological sensors (e.g. heart rate monitors or galvanic skin response sensors) and behavioural tracking (e.g. medication adherence logs, app usage frequency, step counts) feed data into the “game.” This data is then used to give users real-time responses – for instance, awarding points for meeting a daily step goal or triggering an alert when a measurement falls outside the desired range. Such instant feedback is central to gamification, as it reinforces positive actions and alerts users to issues promptly. 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: I will introduce you my observation on long context llm parameter differentiation, and our first-look experiment on it to enhance long context model. Try to comment why the result is not as good as I thought, and any practical and profound idea on the improvement of the research methods.
Observation: As for parameter differentiation of long context model extrapolated from base model and base model itself, we found a light-band phenomenon, which means when we have a pivot figure heatmap with x: param type(k proj in self attn layer, gate proj in mlp layer, etc...), y: layer index, we found that weight differentiation of k proj in self attn, q proj in self attn, gate proj in mlp are significantly way larger than else, approximately general and common across layers.
Indication: The light band phenomenon indicates that these 3 types of params are more important for length extrapolation, so the most simple assumption is that the 3 types of params is responsible for the "long-context functionality" and others for the "short-context fucntionality". So as to leverage the long-context ability and short-context ability(a case on former continue pretraining method to extrapolate long context ability will normally introduce a fall in short-context ability.) So the idea is that continue-pretraining with long data on mere these 3 types of params will give a raise in long-context and in the same time not destroy too much short-context abilitiy.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Change of direction (COD) ability is a critical performance factor in team sports such as soccer, basketball, and rugby, where athletes frequently need to execute rapid, precise directional changes in response to dynamic game scenarios1
1Sheppard JM and Young WB. Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing. J Sports Sci 2006; 24: 919-932. DOI: 10.1080/02640410500457109.
good quote?
Subject: sports science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Ensemble Machine Learning Methods
Ensemble methods combine multiple models to improve predictive performance and robustness. In computational pathology, ensemble methods are often used to integrate predictions from different CNN architectures or to combine DL models with traditional machine learning algorithms.

Model Averaging
Model averaging involves training multiple models (e.g., ResNet, DenseNet, and EfficientNet) and averaging their predictions to reduce variance and improve generalization (Dietterich, 2000). This approach has been successfully applied to tasks such as cancer grading and survival prediction, where combining diverse models can capture complementary information.

Stacking
Stacking is an ensemble technique where the predictions of multiple base models are used as input to a meta-model, which learns to combine them optimally (Wolpert, 1992). For example, stacking has been used to integrate CNN-based feature extractors with support vector machines (SVMs) for improved classification accuracy in breast cancer histopathology images (Cruz-Roa et al., 2017).

Boosting
Boosting methods such as AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBMs) sequentially train models to correct the errors of previous models, resulting in a strong ensemble (Freund & Schapire, 1997). In computational pathology, boosting has been used to enhance the performance of DL models for tasks such as lymph node metastasis detection and biomarker prediction.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Create a chapter for a research-backed mental health book aimed at youth and young adults. Topic: ROLE OF FAMILY DYNAMICS. Requirements:

1. Style: Blend academic rigor with accessible language suitable for readers aged 15-25. Maintain a professional yet engaging tone.

2. Structure:
- Opening hook with relevant statistics/research
- Clear explanation of key concepts. 
The topic is "IRL vs. URL: Finding Your Tribe and Thriving" (Highlights the online/offline balance) 
- Global perspective with cultural variations
- Evidence-based impacts on mental health
- Practical solutions and coping strategies
- Actionable takeaways

3. Content must include:
- Recent research findings with citations (post-2019)
- Global statistics and cultural perspectives
- Expert insights and studies
- Real-world implications
- Evidence-based interventions

4. Citations needed from:
- Peer-reviewed journals
- Major health organizations
- Recent academic studies
- Reputable mental health institutions

5. Tone guidelines:
- Avoid overly clinical language
- Use clear examples
- Include relevant context
- Balance scientific accuracy with readability
- Maintain hope while acknowledging challenges

Chapter length: 2500-3000 words.

Please include all references in APA format.


Objective
Your task is to write a chapter for a book focused on youth mental health FOR WHICH THE TOPIC IS ABOUT EXPLORING FAMILY DYNAMICS AND THEIR AFFECT ON MENTAL HEALTH OF YOUTH. The chapter should be scientifically accurate, well-researched, and provide a solid background for the various statements and lines included. The goal is to create a valuable and informative resource for youth, parents, educators, and mental health professionals
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: A transparent ceramic scintillator is a type of material that emits light when exposed to ionizing radiation. It combines the transparency of glass or crystal with the robustness and processability of ceramics. This material is widely used in various fields such as medical imaging, high-energy physics, and industrial radiography due to its excellent optical properties, fast response time, and high radiation resistance. Transparent ceramic scintillators can be doped with different elements to achieve specific luminescent properties, making them highly versatile for different applications.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease characterized by continuous mutations, epigenetic alterations, and adaptations to the tumor microenvironment, generating significant intratumoral heterogeneity. 
This heterogeneity, encompassing the genetic, phenotypic, and functional diversity within a tumor, fuels the failure of cancer therapies, contributes to patient mortality, and remains a critical challenge for researchers.

Simplify these two sentences
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Find papers on 
In this experiment, the aim is to investigate the contact angles of two fluids — saraline oil and cooking oil — on three different surfaces — glass, sandstone, and limestone. These materials represent varieties of surface texture and composition which are similar to the reservoir rock conditions. High-resolution imaging and digital analysis of the VCA 3000 Wafer Surface Analysis System will be used to measure the contact angles and assess how surface and fluid properties affect wettability. The purpose of this experiment is to further understand rock-fluid interactions and provide insights which can be utilized for reservoir evaluation and enhanced oil recovery strategies.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Problem Statement:
Despite increasing awareness of sustainability and government incentives, the adoption rate of electric vehicles (EVs) in the U.S. remains significantly lower than in China and other leading markets. Consumers in the U.S. exhibit hesitancy due to factors such as high upfront costs, range anxiety, lack of charging infrastructure, and uncertainty about long-term benefits. Meanwhile, China has successfully accelerated EV adoption through aggressive government incentives, infrastructure investment, and consumer engagement strategies.

This research aims to identify the key barriers to EV adoption in the U.S., analyze the effectiveness of current marketing and policy interventions, and explore insights from China’s EV success to develop strategic recommendations for accelerating EV adoption in the U.S.
Subject: business
Intent: Ideation
Query: I am conducting research on natural history models and health economics screening utility for multi-cancer early detection (MCED) screening in Chinese populations with 16 types of cancer. For these two topics, what dimensions can be used to publish papers? Provide a comprehensive research report on potential paper topics and methods as detailed as possible.

You need to carefully analyze published studies on similar topics, particularly those published by GRAIL, a company that has released papers on similar subjects.
Subject: finance
Intent: Ideation
Query: Please list relevant research that should be included in this chapter.
  		
--
## 2.2 Recognition and Presentation of Tactile Sensations of Cloth

The research on the tactile qualities of cloth has developed in two directions: (1) the recognition of tactile sensations and (2) the presentation of tactile sensations.

### 2.2.2 Tactile Presentation of Cloth
 Research on the tactile presentation of cloth has been conducted using two main approaches
 
 1. the mechanical actuation approach:
 Bau et al.'s [2009] BubbleWrap used a matrix of electromagnetic actuators embedded in the fabric to control cell-by-cell expansion and contraction; Barreiros et al.'s [2022] HYFAR used air pressure to expand the fabric. These methods take advantage of the inherent flexibility of the fabric, but require a mechanical control mechanism.
 
 2.Methods using flexible materials:
 Bianchi and Serio [2015] developed a fabric-based softness display that expresses different stiffness by controlling the tension of the fabric.
    
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I'm conducting a literature review for a research proposal focused on AI safety and training data construction in large-scale models (LLMs and VLMs). The review is structured into two parts:

Recent Trends in AI Safety: This section examines recent studies on the safety, robustness, and risk mitigation of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). Topics include adversarial attacks, hallucinations, alignment, misuse prevention, and trustworthiness in deployment settings.

Training Data Construction for LLMs and VLMs: This part reviews how training datasets are built for LLMs and VLMs, including data modalities (text, image, video), data scale, collection pipelines, and data governance. Special attention is paid to works that disclose input-output modality structures (e.g., text+image → text or video) and dataset specifications.

Please return key academic works from 2023 onward, especially those published at top-tier venues (ACL, EMNLP, NeurIPS, ICLR, CVPR, ICCV, etc.).
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Molecular sieve dehydration typically operates at an approximately pressure of 5 psi, with a maximum pressure drop not exceeding 10 psi. However, the plant’s dehydration unit has a high pressure drop of 59.28 psi, which significantly exceeds the optimal range. This excessive pressure drops causes mechanical stress on the molecular sieve bed, leading to the crushing of solid desiccants and the forming of dust. The accumulation of dust can cause plugging within the dehydration unit. 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: I am conducting research on effective teaching and learning methodologies and would appreciate recommendations for high-quality academic resources (books, articles, or case studies) on the following topics:

1️⃣ Socratic Questioning, Experiential Learning, and Evidence-Based Educational Frameworks
	•	What are the best scholarly works on Socratic questioning as a pedagogical method?
	•	Are there key books or meta-analyses that explore experiential learning and its impact on student engagement and knowledge retention?
	•	What are the most widely accepted evidence-based frameworks for structuring effective and interactive learning environments?

2️⃣ Cognitive Science & Learning Retention
	•	Which articles or books provide the most comprehensive insights into active retrieval, spaced repetition, and transformative learning?
	•	How do these cognitive strategies enhance comprehension and long-term retention in real-world educational settings?
	•	Are there case studies or research-backed implementations of these techniques that demonstrate measurable improvements in learning outcomes?

3️⃣ Digital & Technological Integration in Learning
	•	What are the most practical and effective studies on how digital tools, AI, and interactive platforms improve learning engagement and accessibility?
	•	Which research best explores the use of AI-driven adaptive learning in education?
	•	Are there comparative studies showing the effectiveness of blended learning approaches versus traditional classroom methods?

I am particularly interested in references that are both academically rigorous and applicable to real-world learning environments. Your recommendations would be invaluable in helping me refine my understanding and approach.
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: “What is the effect of fatty acid supplementation on behavioral and cognitive symptoms in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?”
	2.	“Recent studies on the role of omega-3 fatty acids in treating Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms.”
	3.	“Systematic reviews of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a nutritional intervention for ASD.”
	4.	“Clinical trial results of omega-3 supplementation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.”
	5.	“How do essential fatty acids impact cognitive and social function in Autism Spectrum Disorder 
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: ..good morning here..! i'm reading this classic gem on major-minor mode music distinction and their happy-sad mood connotation..can you summarize them in 300 words..?

Crowder, Robert G. "Perception of the major/minor distinction: I. Historical and theoretical foundations." Psychomusicology: A Journal of Research in Music Cognition 4, no. 1-2 (1984): 3.

Subject: psychology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Pyogenic paronychia is a common and debilitating condition. In severe cases, surgical intervention is often required. Postoperatively, patients frequently endure severe pain, which can impede mobility and delay recovery. Therefore, optimizing analgesic regimens is crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. In our study, patients who underwent pyogenic paronychia surgery in the multimodal analgesia group not only showed significantly lower Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, indicating reduced pain, but also demonstrated a faster return to normal walk. The multimodal analgesia approach, therefore, appears to be effective in managing pain and enhancing recovery after pyogenic paronychia surgery.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: for this 
V. Enhancing Strengths and Addressing Weaknesses with AI Fostering Student Strengths: Describe how AI identifies and encourages students’ strengths, helping them to build confidence and competence in those areas. Remediating Weaknesses: Explain how AI can diagnose specific weaknesses and tailor remediation efforts to address them, such as through extra practice problems or hints. Example: Math apps like Khan Academy target foundational gaps in understanding to improve math skills progressively. Write a one to two paragraph response with 2 references
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
OCR enables LLMs to process and interpret textual data from images or scanned files.
Main features :
- Text extraction: retrieves textual content from images, scanned documents or screen captures.
- Multilingual support: Character recognition in multiple languages and fonts.
- Improved accuracy: Integration with neural networks to correct recognition errors and manage complex fonts.
- Practical applications: Conversion of contracts, invoices or handwritten documents into usable digital text.
Limitations:
- The quality of the source image strongly influences the results (low resolution or poor lighting).
- Difficulty handling certain manuscripts or highly stylised characters.


("OCR" OR "optical character recognition" OR "text extraction from images" OR "image to text" OR "character recognition" OR "handwriting recognition" OR "text digitization") 
AND ("AI" OR "deep learning" OR "language model" OR "neural network" OR "automated text processing")

Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Li-rich disordered cathode material refers to a type of advanced lithium-ion battery cathode made up of lithium-rich compounds. These materials have a disordered structure at the atomic level, which can enhance their electrochemical properties. The disordered arrangement allows for greater flexibility and accommodation of lithium ions during charge and discharge cycles, potentially leading to higher capacity, longer battery life, and improved performance. Researchers are exploring these materials to develop higher-capacity, more efficient, and more sustainable batteries for various applications, including electric vehicles and portable electronics.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other