allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: In competitive markets, firms invest in innovation to maintain market leadership and
generate profits through new product lines. However, as innovation accelerates, so do
legal disputes over intellectual property (IP), where firms litigate to protect their innova-
tions. Litigation has become a crucial instrument for firms to safeguard their competitive
edge, particularly in industries driven by high R and D intensity. In this context, the
emergence of Third-Party Litigation Financing (TPLF)—where external financiers fund
legal disputes in exchange for a share of the outcome—has introduced new dynamics into
the innovation and litigation landscape.
This research develops a theoretical framework to study how the availability of TPLF
affects firms’ decisions between innovation spending and legal expenditures. Specifically,
the focus is on how firms reallocate resources when faced with litigation threats and
whether TPLF influences firms’ willingness to pursue or defend against legal actions. Our
model, inspired by Mark Rempel (2024), integrates the strategic choices of incumbent and
entrant firms. We exclude copying behavior and emphasize how firms can use litigation
to gain control over product lines and market share through TPLF-backed legal actions.
The research seeks to address several crucial trade-offs: 1. Does access to TPLF increase
litigation at the expense of innovation? 2. How does TPLF-backed litigation shape the
competitive dynamics between incumbents and entrants? 3. Does the availability of
TPLF affect firms’ innovation strategies by shifting resources toward legal defense? The
interaction between innovation spending, legal risk, and TPLF introduces a new per-
spective on how firms’ competitive behavior evolves under legal uncertainty. This study
provides insights into policy implications for regulating litigation financing to maintain
a balance between promoting innovation and curbing opportunistic legal behavior.
This paper contributes to both theoretical and policy discussions, extending the dynamic
competition model by introducing entry and litigation dynamics shaped by TPLF. The
key novelty of the model lies in its ability to capture the interplay between firms’ RD
investments, legal strategies, and financing decisions, offering a more nuanced under-
standing of the economic impact of litigation financing on market outcomes

this is my idea could you do literature review
Subject: finance
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am considering a research project for modeling urban dynamics, bringing together interactions and feedback mechanisms between businesses and jobs, households, buildings (residential and commercial), transportation, education, and various infrastructure. I want to build a model that not only assesses long-term tradeoffs coming from interventions in each sector with their ripple effects across other sectors, but also captures the dynamics of change in response to those interventions. With this background, I am interested in learning about important research streams that have partially addressed this problem or have useful inputs to incorporate in my research. Would you highlight the relevant streams of research with a handful of key papers in each and how they relate to the project?
Subject: urban studies
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Silicates can react with various substances. Common reactions include:

1. **Acids**: Silicates can react with acids to form silicic acid and salts. For example:
   \[
   Na_2SiO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow H_4SiO_4 + 2NaCl
   \]

2. **Water**: Under certain conditions, silicates can react with water, particularly in the presence of carbon dioxide, forming soluble silicates or silica gel:
   \[
   Mg_2SiO_4 + 2CO_2 + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2Mg^{2+} + 2HCO_3^- + H_4SiO_4
   \]

3. **Alkalis**: Silicates can react with alkalis to form hydroxides and complex silicates. For instance:
   \[
   SiO_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SiO_3 + H_2O
   \]

These reactions depend on factors such as temperature, pressure, and the specific composition of the silicate material.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: As higher education institutions (HEIs) make growing use of online education, enhancing and ensuring quality in online education (QOE) have become increasingly important for their competitiveness. Researchers and both national and international organizations have developed a variety of models, frameworks and guidelines for QOE. However, selecting from these a holistic quality framework that meets the needs and requirements of HEIs is challenging. This study reviews current QOE frameworks, guidelines and benchmarks used in diverse contexts, with reference to an analysis of 72 publications between 2000 and 2019, then introduces the ISO/IEC 40180 framework for quality assurance, quality management and quality improvement in IT-enhanced learning, education and training. The findings show that while no holistic quality framework for open education exists currently, ISO/IEC 40180 is a flexible and adaptable framework for revolutionary organizational change, meeting the needs of multiple stakeholders of educational organizations at the macro, meso and micro levels. Therefore, HEIs seeking to foster growth, competitiveness and international recognition are advised to consider adopting the ISO/IEC 40180 framework, which should be integrated into national quality education standards.


Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: # Thinking


# Searching


# Responding



In the realm of renewable energy technologies, various sources demonstrate distinct characteristics that influence their viability and implementation. Geothermal energy emerges as a highly predictable source with remarkable consistency, offering continuous 24-hour availability and an impressive capacity factor exceeding 90%, despite its relatively modest efficiency of 10-20% and location-dependent nature Tidal energy, whilst highly predictable, operates on a cyclical basis of approximately twelve hours daily, achieving considerable efficiency rates of around 80%, though its capacity factor ranges between 25-35% and remains confined to coastal regions

Hydroelectric power demonstrates exceptional reliability with round-the-clock availability and efficiency surpassing 90%, coupled with a substantial capacity factor of 40-80%, although its implementation necessitates water-rich geographical locations Solar thermal technology presents moderate predictability, functioning during daylight hours with extended operational capability through storage systems, whilst maintaining efficiency rates of 20-40% and a capacity factor of 20-25%.

Photovoltaic solar systems, widely accessible across various locations, operate during daylight hours with seasonal variations of 6-10 hours daily. Their efficiency ranges from 15-20% in commercial applications, with laboratory achievements reaching up to 50%, whilst maintaining a capacity factor of 20-25% Wind energy, characterised by its lower predictability, operates intermittently throughout the day, achieving efficiency rates of 35-45% and a capacity factor of 30-40%, with improved reliability through storage solutions

Environmental considerations vary significantly across these technologies. Geothermal energy produces minimal environmental impact with some emissions, whilst tidal power affects marine ecosystems. Hydroelectric installations may disrupt natural habitats, and solar installations require substantial land and water resources. Wind energy installations impact wildlife and necessitate considerable land use, whereas solar photovoltaic systems present minimal operational environmental impact, though manufacturing processes raise certain concerns
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: Add relevant reference to support the following methodoloy: For distributional features, we employ Jensen–Shannon Divergence (JSD) as the distance metric due to its symmetry, bounded range (0-1, where 0 indicates identical distributions and 1 represents maximum difference), and suitability for comparing discrete probability distributions.

For features represented as vectors but not summing to 1 (e.g., surprisal scores and contextual embeddings), we utilize correlation distance and cosine distance, respectively. Correlation distance captures relational differences, while cosine distance effectively quantifies angular similarity in high-dimensional spaces, making them appropriate for these types of features.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Solute partitioning, quantified by the partition coefficient (k), refers to the distribution of alloying elements at the solid-liquid (S-L) interface during solidification. As briefly mentioned in Section 3.2, the k value for most alloying elements in Al alloys is less than 1, indicating the rejection of solute atoms from the solidification interface into the liquid, thereby creating a concentration gradient. This phenomenon contributes to constitutional undercooling in the liquid phase ahead of the solidification front, which facilitates heterogeneous nucleation and influences solidification morphology. The extent of this undercooled zone affects dendrite morphology and spacing, which in turn governs the permeability of the mushy zone for liquid feeding, the distribution of last-stage liquid films, and the mechanical response of the mushy zone. Consequently, the hot cracking tendency varies with solute concentration and partitioning potential.

During the final stages of solidification, the rejection of solutes into the remaining liquid further lowers the liquidus temperature, resulting in the prolonged persistence of liquid films between cellular dendrites and grain boundaries. The characteristics of these liquid films, in turn, influence hot cracking, which is discussed later in this section. Solute partitioning and the extent of the constitutionally undercooled zone in the liquid are strongly dependent on solute characteristics, such as solubility in the solid, diffusivity in the liquid, and process conditions. Nonequilibrium solidification conditions, such as those encountered in processes like PBF-LB, involve rapid solidification and extremely high cooling rates. These conditions lead to solute trapping and extended solid solubility, as well as an increased likelihood of metastable phase formation, which significantly reduces the constitutionally undercooled zone. Solute trapping occurs when the solidification rate exceeds the diffusion rate of the solute in the liquid phase.

check accuracy of these statements
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I have several magnesium alloys with a nominal composition of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca. The preparation process is as follows: The alloy ingots were melted in an electric resistance furnace using high-purity commercial Mg (99.9 mass%), Zn (99.9 mass%), Mg-4.33 mass% Ca, and Mg-25 mass% Y master alloys in a boron-nitride-coated steel crucible under the protection of a mixed gas atmosphere of SF6 and CO2. Afterwards, the melt was poured into a steel mold with a rectangular cavity measuring 40 mm thick, 90 mm wide, and 170 mm high. Please calculate based on thermodynamic calculations what phases are present inside (using software such as VASP or Thermo-Calc), and what the proportions of each phase are. Pay special attention to the proportion of the second phase. Also, calculate the content of each alloying element in the solid solution. The sum of the content of each alloying element in the precipitated phase and its content in the solid solution should equal its content in the nominal composition.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Expand Explanation：20 critical factors responsible for innovation in clusters in Maryana Scoralick de Almeida Tavares, Cláudia Fabiana Gohr, S. Morioka, Thereza Rakel De Alcantara Lira Araujo Da Cunha. Systematic literature review on innovation capabilities in clusters. 2021. Innovation & Management Review

Subject: business
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Silica is extensively utilized in a wide range of applications, including pharmaceutical formulations, chromatographic column packing materials, detergents, adhesives, electronic components, dental products, and ceramics (Brinker and Scherer, 1990; Proctor et al., 1995; Sun and Gong, 2001). Additionally, silica serves as a key precursor in the synthesis of various inorganic and organometallic compounds, which are employed in synthetic chemistry as catalysts and in the fabrication of thin films and coatings for electronic and optical devices (Kalapathy et al., 2002) 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Could you give me examples of paper about Drosophila (fruit fly) eye's computer simulation which reflects actual Drosophila eyes structures and functions such as ommatidium, Rhabdomere, early layers of optic lobe ?
Here, "simulation" I mean that it shows how Drosophila sees the world depending on Drosophila's eyes stuructures and so on.
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: My research paprer is a Constructivist Grounded Approach to Study the Ethical Implications of AI Use in Human Resources Management . Here below are the research questions and research objective : 1.What are the primary ethical concerns associated with AI use in Human Resource Management, and how can a conceptual framework address these concerns? 2. How do algorithmic biases manifest in AI-driven HRM processes, and what strategies can mitigate them? 3. What are the implications of AI-driven data collection on employee privacy, and how can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection? 4. How can transparency and explainability be incorporated into AI-driven HRM systems to enhance trust and accountability? 5. What governance structures are necessary to ensure accountability when using AI in HRM? 6. How can ethical considerations be integrated into the deployment of AI systems in HRM? 7. What are the broader implications of ethical AI practices in HRM for organizational culture and employee well-being? Research Objectives: Objective 1: Identify and analyze key ethical issues associated with AI in HRM. Objective 2: Develop a comprehensive ethical framework integrating legal and ethical considerations. Objective 3: Provide practical guidelines for ethical AI deployment in HRM. Objective 4: Contribute to academic knowledge and inform policy development on ethical AI use in HRM. Justify the choice and suitability of the Constructivist Grounded Approach to this case
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Intratumoral heterogeneity can hinder cancer treatment for several reasons:

Resistant clones: Intratumoral heterogeneity can result in the presence of resistant clones within a tumor, which can survive even after treatment with targeted therapies (Safa. 2019). These resistant clones can eventually proliferate and lead to recurrence or progression of cancer (Rybinski et al. 2016).
Genetic instability: Intratumoral heterogeneity can lead to genetic instability, which enables cancer cells to tolerate increased levels of chromosomal alterations and mutations (Rybinski et al. 2016). This can result in treatment resistance and recurrence.
Phenotypic plasticity: Intratumoral heterogeneity can also lead to phenotypic plasticity, where cancer cells can adapt to their microenvironment and change their behavior in response to treatment (Gawin et al. 2021). This can make it difficult to target the tumor with a single therapy.
Microenvironmental influences: Intratumoral heterogeneity can also be influenced by the tumor microenvironment, including immune cells, connective tissues, and microvasculature (Gawin et al. 2021). These factors can impact the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment.
Evolution of cancer: Intratumoral heterogeneity can facilitate the natural evolution of cancer, driving tumor progression and therapy resistance (Gawin et al. 2021).
Overall, intratumoral heterogeneity can make cancer treatment challenging because it can lead to the presence of resistant clones, genetic instability, phenotypic plasticity, and microenvironmental influences (Rybinski et al. 2016). As a result, new approaches and predictive model systems are needed to improve in vitro drug testing and to account for intratumoral heterogeneity in cancer therapy (Stulpinas et al. 2019).


paraphrase the above content in one paragraph
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: However, intrinsic aspects of the mRNA and fold of a particular protein can outweigh the benefits of the collective effects from optimal codons. For example, when a recombinant protein is expressed in heterologous organisms such as E. coli, choosing optimal codons is the straightforward option of action, but this may outcome some unpredictable behavior like poor expression, high toxicity or accumulation of the protein of interest into inclusion bodies (REFERENCE?). 
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: To investigate the relationship between drug substructure and side effects, we calculated the extent to which the onset of side effects is altered by drugs containing specific chemical substructures (MACCS keys). The following figures show the results.
The values in each cell of the heatmap represent the following ratios
Ratio = incidence of adverse drug reactions for drugs with a specific substructure / incidence of adverse drug reactions for drugs with a specific substructure
Certain substructures (MACCS keys 15, 13, 12, and 9) have a lower incidence of most side effects. Drugs with those substructures may be appropriate as diverting agents due to their low risk of side effects. However, drugs containing specific functional groups tend to be biased toward certain classes of drugs (e.g., drugs for psychiatric disorders), and side effects specific to those classes may be expressed. Factors other than the effect of the functional group itself may be mixed in, making it difficult to identify a direct causal relationship.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Find similar papers as this:

We propose Causal Perturbation Networks (CPNs) for uncertainty estimation for language models. We identify key causal variables in the input using a combination of attention analysis and external knowledge bases. We then generate a set of counterfactual inputs by systematically perturbing these causal variables. With these, we query the language model on both the original and counterfactual inputs and evaluate the difference in outputs to estimate uncertainty, distinguishing between aleatoric and epistemic components.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The rapid expansion of wireless networks and the increasing demand for secure and privacy-preserving machine learning have led to the integration of Federated Learning (FL) with wireless communications. However, deploying FL in wireless networks presents challenges such as non-IID data distributions, dynamic network conditions, and limited communication resources. These issues become even more pronounced in grant-free NOMA, where devices transmit without explicit scheduling, leading to potential collisions and interference.

To address these challenges, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework that dynamically optimizes user clustering and power allocation in grant-free NOMA-enhanced FL networks. Our approach combines graph-based clustering with federated reinforcement learning (RL) to form adaptive device groups and allocate power efficiently—all while preserving data privacy. The graph-based method clusters devices based on both channel conditions and data similarity, while federated RL enables distributed decision-making without requiring centralized control. Additionally, an RL-driven collision management mechanism reduces interference and improves resource efficiency.

Through extensive simulations, our framework achieves up to 15% higher model accuracy, 20% lower energy consumption, and faster convergence rates compared to conventional FL and traditional NOMA-based approaches. These improvements make our approach a promising solution for next-generation wireless networks, particularly in applications such as IoT, edge AI, and 6G communications.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: provide the reference of each paper cited here :

Here is a list of papers related to the topic of developing a framework for ethical implementation of Artificial Intelligence in business processes:

(Towards an Ethical and Inclusive Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: A Multidimensional Framework)
(Ethical and Scalable Automation: A Governance and Compliance Framework for Business Applications)
(Ethics and responsible AI deployment)
(Hacia una implementación ética e inclusiva de la Inteligencia Artificial en las organizaciones: un marco multidimensional)
(Signs for Ethical AI: A Route Towards Transparency)
(Towards a Privacy and Security-Aware Framework for Ethical AI: Guiding the Development and Assessment of AI Systems)
(A Framework for Ethical AI: Integrating Ethics into AI Development and Deployment)
(Ethical AI: A Framework for Responsible AI Development and Deployment)
(A Multidimensional Framework for Ethical AI: Combining Ethics with Regulation, Innovation, and Education)
(Ethics and AI: A Framework for Ethical AI Development and Deployment)
(A Framework for Ethical AI: Integrating Ethics into AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(Ethical AI: A Framework for Responsible AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(A Multidimensional Framework for Ethical AI: Combining Ethics with Regulation, Innovation, and Education)
(Ethics and AI: A Framework for Ethical AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(A Framework for Ethical AI: Integrating Ethics into AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(Ethical AI: A Framework for Responsible AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(A Multidimensional Framework for Ethical AI: Combining Ethics with Regulation, Innovation, and Education)
(Ethics and AI: A Framework for Ethical AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(A Framework for Ethical AI: Integrating Ethics into AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
(Ethical AI: A Framework for Responsible AI Development, Deployment, and Use)
Subject: computer science
Intent: Metadata
Query: The crystal structure of Li7La3Zr2O13 is not immediately available without consulting specific scientific literature or databases. This material is a complex oxide with a composition that suggests it could have a perovskite-related structure or another type of structured framework typical for mixed metal oxides. For precise information, you may want to look into crystallographic databases like the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) or scientific publications related to this compound.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Could you recommend recent (preferably published within the last 5 years) SCI-indexed journal articles that examine the relationship between obesity-associated cytokines (specifically Leptin, Adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α) and immune evasion mechanisms in gastric cancer? I am particularly interested in papers that:

Demonstrate the interconnections between these cytokines in the context of gastric cancer.
Explore the relationships between obesity-related inflammation and cancer immune evasion.
Provide comprehensive reviews or original research showing the molecular pathways linking these keywords.
Focus on how these cytokines influence the tumor microenvironment and immune response.

These papers will help establish the theoretical framework for my research on how obesity-related cytokines affect immune evasion in gastric cancer.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: you are a paper reviewer, please give me the review of this paper. it should consist with the Soundness (score 1-4)
Presentation(score 1-4)
Contribution(score 1-4)
Strengths (text)
Weaknesses (text)
rating (score 1-10)
Confidence(score 1-5) it should be within the format of iclr review. You should consider whether the paper is novel (whether someone else has done this before). The paper is under review for top conference. 5 means broadline reject, 6 means broadline accept. you should use top conference as review standard.:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.05010 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: In the further development of LLM in the field of medical education, we focus on the generation and integration of various forms of content such as text, voice explanation, and interactive charts to improve its effectiveness and quality as a medical education. At present, many researches focus on the efficient generation of LLM in charts or pictures. However, it is still necessary to explore more effective combination of different modes (sound and video) in different teaching scenarios and different disease types. For example, in the field of simulated patients, multimedia, digital people and other technologies are combined with LLM, and images and videos are combined with text to explain the disassembly of professional theoretical knowledge.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: LEO satellites, due to their proximity to Earth, offer lower latency compared to geo-
stationary satellites, making them ideal for URLLC applications. However, the reliance on
satellite networks for URLLC also introduces significant challenges, particularly in terms
of security and robustness. The open nature of satellite communication makes it vulnera-
ble to various types of interruption attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS),
network jamming, and natural disturbances like rain and thunderstorms. These attacks
can severely degrade the performance of URLLC, leading to increased latency, packet loss,
7
and even complete service disruption

find acadamic refrences 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I am a PhD student in Computer Systems Architecture focusing on inference optimization for Transformer architectures. I am currently working on combining KV Cache offloading to CPU and sparsification algorithms to improve throughput during model inference.Transformer architectures are composed of many layers, and existing inference frameworks will compute at the granularity of tokens, and each scheduling will execute all the layers sequentially to get the next token.
In the research of KV Cache offloading, there are some works such as FlexGen which will offload KV Cache by layer, and will load the KV Cache of the i+1th layer from CPU to GPU while computing the ith layer. However, due to the CPU-GPU interconnection bandwidth limitation, the time to load KV Cache will be higher than the time to compute, resulting in bubbles in the pipeline during inference.
In addition, in sparsification-related research, there are also works that offload the complete KV Cache to CPU and load important tokens to GPU on demand, such as RetrievalAttention, which offloads all the KV Cache to CPU after prefill, and after that the decode will be based on the current query on CPU Do a nearest neighbor search with the keys of all tokens, and load the KV Cache of the top-k tokens onto the GPU as the context of that query. In that work, since the nearest neighbor search on CPU will take longer than the inference layer, it will also cause bubbles in the pipeline.
My idea is to change the granularity of reasoning to one or more layers instead of one token. after reasoning one layer in one batch (batch 1), switch to the next batch (batch 2) for reasoning, and at the same time perform the sparsification computation of batch 1 and the swap-in and swap-out of the KV Cache so that the computation of the other batch can be used to overlapping IO.
Please find as much relevant research as possible
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Olaparib is used to treat BRCA1/2 mutations in triple negative breast cancer, Paclitaxel is used to treat triple negative breast cancer by inhibiting cell division, Carboplatin is used to treat triple negative breast cancer by inhibiting DNA replication. Do all three drugs work better for Black/African American patients with no history of neoadjuvant treatment and  with overexpressed CD798 and overexpressed LYN compared to other patients ?
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Response from Drug Mechanism Agent:
Bosutinib works for this patient because it targets the SRC family kinases, including LYN, which is overexpressed in this patient, and inhibits the BCR-ABL pathway, which is involved in triple negative breast cancer
Bosutinib works by inhibiting BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases, which are involved in B-cell receptor signaling. Can you annotate above statement from Drug Mechanism Agent with reference(s) of scientific literature?

Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: for the below 3 papers of mine: 1. Do LVLMs Understand Charts? Analyzing and Correcting Factual Errors in Chart Captioning 2. Zero-shot Faithful Factual Error Correction  3. Cross-document Misinformation Detection based on Event Graph Reasoning

Answer the following questions:
1. Why is your research considered novel? i.e. explain the existing state of the art/status quo and explain what your research did that was new/novel. What does your contribution entail?
2. Why is your research considered to be of major significance to the field? i.e. What problem does your innovation solve and what improvements does it contribute to the field? What other solutions existed prior and how is yours an advancement? What are the practical application/repercussions of your contribution? How have others expanded upon your research?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Molecular docking is a typical DTI prediction method. The docking method is characterized by its ability to quantitatively evaluate the strength of binding and affinity by simulating the interaction between the drug molecule and the target protein, taking into account the steric structure of the drug molecule and the target protein. On the other hand, docking methods are highly dependent on the quality of the structural data of the target protein. In fact, if the structural data is of low quality or if the protein structure is not fully elucidated, false positive results are frequent, which is a barrier to selecting useful candidates .
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: I have a debate that I am writing an argument for. Here is the prompt:
While AI has made developments and strides in recent years, there are still too many unknowns in this technology to safely deploy it widespread in human society.  As has been seen in some case studies, AI suffers from issues such as hallucinations and biases in their learning algorithms.  Until these issues are safely addressed with confidence, and any other potential unknown issues, or strong guardrails implemented, it will be detrimental, and potentially dystopian, to human society to have significant AI integration in the near-future.

Can you find papers that are in favor of this viewpoint?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Recognizing hand actions is critical in egocentric computer vision. While most existing work utilizes both hand skeletons and RGB images, this paper focuses on a skeleton-based approach that uses only the poses of hands and objects, without any RGB inputs. This task formulation lacks object appearance, making it less suitable for the conventional action recognition task of predicting both the verb (e.g., grab) and the object (e.g., cappuccino). Instead, we argue that skeleton-based hand-object action recognition should be evaluated as a verb prediction task on unseen objects not present during training. To this end, we propose a new benchmark to evaluate cross-object generalization, assessing a model’s ability to recognize verbs across unseen objects. Moreover, it is non-trivial to design an action recognition model based on hand and object poses. While existing methods treat objects similarly to hands, we design an efficient Transformer-based approach that accounts for the distinct characteristics of object poses. Finally, we experimentally validate our approach on the proposed cross-object benchmark.

I have this paper. can you tell me the related work?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Docking methods require experimentally determined protein structures.
In docking methods, when using protein structures predicted by AlphaFold or other methods, the accuracy of the prediction is important.
In some cases, GNNs biasedly select proteins with high prediction accuracy (i.e., proteins with a lot of reference information) for their predictions.
If there are other papers that seem to be good for consideration, cite them.
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I am looking for research articles that explore the relationship between open data and artificial intelligence, particularly focusing on generative AI and large language models (LLMs). The articles should discuss how these technologies intersect and their potential to drive innovation in the field of open data. Specific areas of interest include:

1. The readiness of open data for AI applications.
2. The shift towards a data commons approach in open data.
3. The impact of generative AI on making open data more conversational.
4. The potential of generative AI to improve open data quality and provenance.

I am particularly interested in articles that present frameworks or models for understanding these interactions, such as scenarios or case studies that illustrate how open data and generative AI can intersect. These might include scenarios related to data pertaining, adaptation, inference and insight generation, data augmentation, and open-ended exploration. Additionally, articles that address key areas for data holders to embrace generative AI, such as transparency, documentation, data quality, interoperability, accessibility, and ethical considerations, are of great interest.

Please find articles published since late 2022 or with relevant updates on these topics.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Proposal for CO2 capture and effective utilisation technology

- Conditions.
Be an engineer of the company.
Prepare materials with the intention of persuading the company's superiors with your proposed technology.
The proposed technology must include chemical reactions (e.g. sinking CO2 to the seabed is not acceptable).
The target reduction in CO2 emissions is 4 gigatonnes per year.
The amount of CO2 reduction or the yield of products converted from CO2 and the annual consumption (needs) of the products must be mentioned, even if it is only approximate.
Presentation: 8 minutes, Q&A: 2 minutes

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The atomic coordinates of copper (Cu) are as follows in its standard cubic structure (such as face-centered cubic, FCC):

- Atoms are located at the following fractional coordinates (in terms of the lattice parameter 'a'):

  - (0, 0, 0)
  - (1/2, 1/2, 0)
  - (1/2, 0, 1/2)
  - (0, 1/2, 1/2)

These positions repeat throughout the crystal lattice. If you need the Cartesian coordinates or specific details about a different structure, let me know!
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Unlike conventional successive-convex-approximation methods that treat interference or collisions as fixed penalties outside the core optimization loop, CA-SCO directly embeds collision‐probability constraints and SINR convexifications into each surrogate problem, yielding a unified, interference-aware convex subproblem at every iteration. This “collision-aware” reformulation allows CA-SCO to proactively mitigate grant-free NOMA collisions, jointly optimizing power allocation for latency, energy, and scalability within a single iterative framework. Furthermore, by dynamically adjusting its objective weights in response to real-time network conditions, CA-SCO converges to Pareto-optimal trade-offs—capabilities not present in prior SCA-based WFL algorithms
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: At the community level, new livelihood models are being promoted to reduce reliance on unsustainable agriculture. These include eco-tourism, organic farming, and handicraft industries that capitalize on local cultural heritage. Pilot programs have shown that with adequate training and support, residents can shift toward income sources that are both economically viable and ecologically friendly. Efforts are also being made to strengthen local education and healthcare infrastructure, especially in resettlement areas following ecological migration.

However, existing strategies still face limitations. The implementation of restoration projects is sometimes uneven due to insufficient monitoring, misaligned incentives, or inadequate community involvement. In some cases, local populations re-cultivate forested lands after subsidy periods end. This suggests that long-term success requires more integrated policy designs that link ecological goals with social welfare, economic development, and land tenure reform.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: China’s renewable energy subsidy policy has undergone a transition from feed-in tariffs (FiTs) to market-based mechanisms (IEA, 2023). While subsidies for wind and solar power have been gradually phased out, CSP remains partially dependent on government support to mitigate investment risks (Zhao et al., 2023). In addition, the government has actively promoted ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission projects to facilitate the export of renewable energy from western regions and enhance grid absorption capacity (Zhang et al., 2022). However, CSP currently faces lower grid dispatch priority, and its thermal energy storage (TES) capability has yet to be fully recognized within market-based trading mechanisms 
Subject: energy policy
Intent: Other
Query: Check for accuracy and correct:

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex, bidirectional communication system connecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the central nervous system (CNS) via neural, hormonal, immune, and microbial pathways (Lu et al., 2024). The gut microbiota release active substances, including neurotransmitters and metabolites, that directly impact the CNS and ENS both throughout development, and mature life. The intestinal barrier (IB), and the blood brain barrier (BBB) determine the entry and exit of signals between the gut and the brain, influencing the interaction between gut bacteria, metabolites, and brain function (Lu et al., 2024). Impaired IB function increases BBB permeability, allowing harmful substances such as the inflammatory molecules or altered hormones to enter the brain. This dysregulation of the BBB can contribute to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function, as well as disrupt appetite or emotion regulation, sleep, and other physiological functions of the body.
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: You are an expert in biology and genetics. Given a GWAS phenotype, Identify the causal gene. 
GWAS Phenotype: Bilirubin levels .
Genes: {ATG16L1},{DGKD},{HJURP},{MROH2A},{SAG},{SPP2},{TRPM8},{UGT1A1},{UGT1A10},{UGT1A3},{UGT1A4},{UGT1A5},{UGT1A6},{UGT1A7},{UGT1A8},{UGT1A9},{USP40}
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: In recent years, both central and local governments in China have launched a series of initiatives aimed at reversing ecological degradation in the Loess Plateau. One of the most notable is the “Grain for Green” program, which incentivizes farmers to convert sloped farmland into forest or grassland. This project has successfully reduced surface runoff and increased vegetation coverage in many areas, providing early signs of ecosystem recovery. Meanwhile, investments in terracing, afforestation, and erosion control have contributed to the stabilization of the fragile landscape.

At the community level, new livelihood models are being promoted to reduce reliance on unsustainable agriculture. These include eco-tourism, organic farming, and handicraft industries that capitalize on local cultural heritage. Pilot programs have shown that with adequate training and support, residents can shift toward income sources that are both economically viable and ecologically friendly. Efforts are also being made to strengthen local education and healthcare infrastructure, especially in resettlement areas following ecological migration.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: What are the key challenges university language lecturers face when using AI tools for assessments (e.g., technical difficulties, ethical concerns, usability)?
How do lecturers address or struggle with ethical issues, such as data privacy and algorithmic bias in AI-based assessments?
What are the pedagogical challenges associated with AI in language assessment (e.g., inability to understand nuanced or creative responses)?
How do institutional policies, lack of training, and financial constraints act as barriers to AI adoption?

Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: At the core of infectious disease modeling lies the theory of dynamical systems. A dynamical
system is a mathematical construct that describes the evolution of a system over time, often
represented by a set of differential equations . In the context of epidemiology, these
systems allow us to model the changes in population sizes within different compartments
(e.g., susceptible, infected, recovered) as individuals transition between them due to
infection, recovery, or other demographic processes.
Subject: math
Intent: Other
Query: show papers by below mentors on the fields of Red teaming, jail breaking, LLM evaluation, Deception, adversarial attacks and related areas.

Ethan Perez
Jan Leike
Andi Peng
Samuel Marks
Joe Benton
Akbir Khan
Fabien Roger
Alex Tamkin
Kyle Fish
Nina Panickssery
Mrinank Sharma
Evan Hubinger
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: 2. Confidentiality (Virtue Ethics) ​

Virtue Ethics focuses on developing good character traits rather than simply following rules or considering outcomes. In light of this, if we share our data with your tool and it interprets it well, but the data is later sold or leaked, breaking confidentiality?"​

From a Virtue Ethics perspective, if patient data shared with an AI ECG tool is later sold or leaked, it reflects a failure of character in those responsible for handling the data. Key virtues such as trustworthiness, integrity, and respect for patient confidentiality are compromised. Stakeholders must prioritize ethical behavior and take responsibility for breaches, acknowledging their impact on patient trust and the moral obligation to protect sensitive information.​

Example: A hospital uses CardioAI to interpret patient ECGs and shares data with the AI company for processing. While the tool accurately diagnoses heart conditions, the AI company later sells the patient data to third parties without consent. From a Virtue Ethics perspective, this breach shows a lack of integrity and respect for patient confidentiality. Both the AI company and the hospital fail in their moral duty to prioritize trustworthiness and protect sensitive information, undermining patient trust and ethical standards.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: can you write me a report on Fosfomycin based on this brief: Project reports should be easy to read and be a maximum of 5 pages long, including title, text, figures, tables, and literature references (max. 20). They should have a title (and, of course, your name) and be divided into the following sections: Background (15%) (structure and origin of the drug) (0.5-1 page) Drug Target (30%) (the target for the drug and its role in the disease) (1-1.5 pages) Mechanism (30%) (how the drug prevents or cures the disease) (1-1.5 pages) Other Info (15%) (pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and resistance) (0.5-1 page) Literature Refs (10%) (approx. 0.5 page) You should use Arial 11 font and 1.5 line spacing for your typewritten report, which should contain several clear figures and/or tables. Try NOT to make the figures so small that they are hard to read and understand. Figure legends, table titles and the format of literature references should follow the author guidelines for the Journal of the American Chemical Society (just look at the web site www.pubs.acs/journal/jacs at or a published paper from the journal). Students for whom English is a second language should not worry too much about writing with perfect spelling and grammar, but you need to make sure that the information in the report is clear. Do not use bullet point lists in the report.
(It should be about 2500 words
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The first clinical cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in 1981 in the United States, characterized by unusual opportunistic infections and malignancies in otherwise healthy individuals. By 1983–1984, a novel retrovirus—later named HIV—was isolated by research teams led by Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier at the Institut Pasteur, and by Robert Gallo at the National Institutes of Health. HIV was eventually classified as a lentivirus due to its slow disease progression and integration into the host genome.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: I aim to develop a system to predict and control a fighter pilot's breathing flow rate and Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2) under extreme conditions, using parameters like altitude, G-force, heart rate, VO2, VCO2, SpO2, EtCO2, mask pressure, breathing rate, and cabin pressure. Without an existing formula or data, you need to create a novel predictive model and control system, integrating feed-forward (to anticipate oxygen needs based on flight conditions) and feedback (to adjust in real-time using physiological signals) controllers. The challenge is to formulate a theoretical model, simulate it, and plan for future validation, ensuring optimal oxygenation and pilot safety in high-altitude, high-G environments.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: Giorgio Visani and colleagues addressed the issue of selecting the local neighborhood by leveraging statistical theory. They assigned higher weights to data points closer to the reference point based on an RBF (Radial Basis Function) kernel. By employing Bayesian optimization, they automatically searched for the optimal kernel width to maximize stability at a given level of consistency. The Coefficient Stability Index (CSI) was then used to evaluate whether the coefficients assigned to the same feature were similar across different local explanations.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: 2. Pharmacological Activities of Myristicin
2.1	Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects 
o	Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action: Free Radical Scavenging, Enzyme Modulation   
o	Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms: Inhibition of Cytokines and Mediators   
o	Effects on Inflammatory Diseases
 write review literatire for these topic 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 
Could you please do a search for existing studies (scientific papers) that analyze time series as sums of many sinusoids, with particular reference to the frequency spectrum, and whether these are useful for reproducing financial time series? I am therefore interested in artificially generated time series as sums of a large number of simple sinusoidal series. Do not look for ways to generate time series that are not simply a sum of many terms, I am not interested in methods such as generative deep learning. Look for what kind of frequency spectrum has been used or applied. In my study I am interested in a power law distribution of the component frequencies, in particular see what is said about distributions with a negative exponent equal to or very close to -1.


As a corollary you could also give me information on the existing literature about systems that show a power law spectrum = -1 .
I am not interested in Fourier decomposition and everything that concerns the analysis of a series in terms of sinusoidal series, but the opposite, that is starting from sinusoidal series to arrive at a sum, so the object of study is in the choice of components and their distribution
In conclusion I am interested in all the studies that concern this topic, give me a kind of exhaustive review of the topic to understand the state of the art of knowledge on this topic, to know what has already been done so as not to overlap with existing research. Search mainly for documents in English
Subject: math
Intent: Literature Understanding