allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: I want to write a review article on the topic of "The effect of organic contaminant fluids on the swelling behavior of clay soils". Considering that in the review article I will only examine pure organic fluids and will not examine oil, gasoline, and sewage leachates, which are compounds, in any way. Simple fluids (e.g., ethanol with the chemical structure C₂H₅OH) have more predictable chemical and physical behavior. This allows the direct relationship between fluid properties (such as polarity, viscosity, or dielectric constant) and soil swelling pressure to be analyzed with greater accuracy. Also, the elimination of complex fluids (such as gasoline or sewage leachate) eliminates noise caused by synergistic effects (combination of multiple contaminants). As a full professor of geotechnics at the most prestigious engineering universities in the world, while guiding the writing of this article, introduce the most relevant and authoritative articles published in Q1 geotechnical journals.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: AI has been used to predict protein structures, drug-target interactions, and molecular properties such as drug toxicity, accelerating the early drug discovery process (Han et al. 20231). AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of biological data, including genomic, proteomic, and pharmacological data, to identify potential drug targets and predict drug efficacy and toxicity (Alizadehsani et al. 20231). Additionally, AI can be used to screen virtual libraries of chemical compounds to identify potential drug candidates, optimize lead compounds, and predict their pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles (Visan et al. 2024)(Farghali et al. 2021)(Alizadehsani et al. 20231). write more about it 
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am preparing a survey on foundation model-based AI agents designed for open-ended environments. These environments could include embodied physical spaces, game environments, or any interactive settings that allow agents to interact and receive feedback. The survey will explore the following arguments:
Self-improving and self-refining agents possess the fundamental ability to learn from past experiences.
Through interaction with the environment and the accumulation of new experiences, AI agents can adapt to novel scenarios.
The mechanisms that contribute to the continual learning of AI agents.
The rationale for why AI agents can and should self-improve in open-ended, interactive environments.
How this pipeline could lead to artificial general intelligence (AGI).
Current efforts to develop AI agents in open-ended environments, such as game agents or webpage agents for automating tasks.
Applications, including robotics and AI agents designed to execute tasks related to webpages, software, operating systems, or mobile phones.
The survey will begin with a framework and will not necessarily follow the points listed above, as long as the logic is clear and cohesive. Since this is a survey, I will leverage existing knowledge to structure it, moving from earlier to the most recent literature where possible, citing relevant sources. It is not necessary to provide exhaustive details at this stage, as I will refine and expand the content further based on the framework.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: i want book about Discuss the legal and professional guidelines and procedures for carrying out digital forensic investigation
Law enforcement:
Summarise APCO guidelines in relation to evidence collection, evidence
preservation in a forensic investigation case. Discuss the activities of authorities,
e.g. MI5/MI6, GCHQ and NSA, in relation to forensic investigations.
Legal and ethical considerations:
Discuss the following legal and ethical considerations when conducting a forensic
investigation; Data Protection Act 2018; Computer Misuse Act 1990 and the
Freedom of Information Act 2000.
Other stakeholders:
Forensic Science Society, BCS.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Conclusion and Future Directions
•	Summary of Key Findings 
o	Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin
o	Limitations of Current Research
•	Future Research Opportunities and Clinical Implications 
o	Need for Further In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
o	Potential Clinical Applications and Trials
o	Development of Myristicin-Based Therapeutics

   write good conclusion and future directions 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: As a professional debater, given you are on the pro-side of having Catholic churches having a major influence on the creation/tackling of divorce laws in the Philippines. Create a 1-minute long opening statement. Then create 3 45-second long arguments. Then 3 45-second long counter arguments. Then a 1-minute closing statement. A pro side should focus on "The Philippines, as a country, has deep faith therefore it is needed for upon consideration the values and belief of many Filipinos". The opposite side is focused on "The laws should be secular and not influenced by religion".
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Write a Literature Review on: The Fusion of Emotion and Craft: Exploring W.B. Yeats' Poetic Theory Through The Balloon of the Mind and The Circus Animals' Desertion
Here is a summary of what the research aims to achieve: This research examines W.B. Yeats' poetic ideas using his poem The Balloon of the Mind and The Circus Animals. It looks at how Yeats balances emotional freedom and careful craftsmanship in his writing. By focusing on the poem’s main image—a balloon tied into a knot—the study shows how Yeats blends creative imagination with the discipline needed to shape poetry. Comparing Yeats’ ideas to Western Romanticism and Eastern mysticism, this research places the poem within a larger literary and philosophical context. By analyzing the poem closely, it reveals Yeats’ belief that poetry combines passion and precision, reflecting the universal challenge of turning inspiration into art.  Do bring quotations from the various theories regarding eastern mysticism, western theories on creativity. look at Yeats's Nobel lecture and prose and interviews
Subject: literature
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: what this talking about  Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to acquire new classes while conservinghistorical knowledge incrementally. Despite existing pre-trained model (PTM)based methods performing excellently in CIL, it is better to fine-tune them ondownstream incremental tasks with massive patterns unknown to PTMs. However,using task streams for fine-tuning could lead to catastrophic forgetting thatwill erase the knowledge in PTMs. This paper proposes the Dual Prototypenetwork for Task-wise Adaption (DPTA) of PTM-based CIL. For each incrementallearning task, a task-wise adapter module is built to fine-tune the PTM, wherethe center-adapt loss forces the representation to be more centrally clusteredand class separable. The dual prototype network improves the prediction processby enabling test-time adapter selection, where the raw prototypes deduceseveral possible task indexes of test samples to select suitable adaptermodules for PTM, and the augmented prototypes that could separate highlycorrelated classes are utilized to determine the final result. Experiments onseveral benchmark datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance ofDPTA. The code will be open-sourced after the paper is published.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Besides ReAct and Reflection agents, there are several other notable types of LLM agents simliarity: **MRKL, Conversational,Task-Oriented Agents, **Creative Agents, **Collaborative Agents, **Embodied LLM Agents, DyLAN, AgentVerse, MetaGPT, and so on.... I want a full list and focus on multi-agent
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Utilizing the identified MPs, malignant cell subsets are annotated, delineating cellular heterogeneity within tumors and constructing a comprehensive cell-cell communication (CCC) network among malignant cells. By comparing CCC results across different drug efficacy groups, we identified subpopulations mediating the most frequent signaling in various tumor cell states, suggesting their critical roles in aberrant tumor activation and progression. For each drug-related sample, malignant cells were aggregated, and cell subpopulations were annotated through metaprograms. Drug efficacy groupings were incorporated into cell annotations to account for heterogeneity information. As depicted in Figure 2, significant differences between cells were distinguished by "effective" and "ineffective" classifications within the sample groups.     paraphrase this paragraph

Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: "Analyze evidence-based research to determine the single most effective HIIT protocol for cognitive enhancement:

Core Protocol Analysis:

Optimal work-to-rest ratios
Ideal interval duration
Total session length
Rest period characteristics (complete rest vs. active recovery)
Exercise intensity metrics (%VO2max, heart rate zones)


Exercise Selection:

Single most effective exercise type within HIIT
Comparison of:

Bodyweight exercises
Running/sprinting
Cycling
Rowing
Combined movements




Session Structure:

Best time of day for cognitive benefits
Pre-exercise preparation
Warm-up requirements
Cool-down needs
Between-set rest periods vs. continuous protocol


Scheduling Parameters:

Optimal weekly frequency
Recovery time between sessions
Progression patterns
Deload requirements
Long-term sustainability


Measurement Criteria:

BDNF response
Cognitive function markers
Executive function changes
Memory enhancement
Neural adaptation timeline


Individual Optimization:

Fitness level adjustments
Age-specific modifications
Recovery capacity considerations
Injury prevention strategies"
Subject: sports science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: These biases can lead to real-world failures, such as an autonomous Uber vehicle failing to detect a pedestrian crossing at night in 2018, resulting in a fatal accident (National Transportation Safety Board, 2020). Similarly, models trained on skewed weather conditions may perform poorly in rare weather scenarios, posing safety risks. The underrepresentation of critical object categories and adverse weather conditions means that AI systems may not respond appropriately in unexpected or less common situations, leading to unsafe decisions and actions.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: How does Shakespeare investigate the power of language in his plays, as reflected in lines like "Words, words, words" (Hamlet 2.2. 192), "But words are words" (Othello 1.3.218), and "No words, no words; hush!" (King Lear 3,4.181)? Critically analyze the interaction between these ideas in Shakespearean drama.
Subject: literature
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Organizational silence can have a significant impact on an organization's performance and competitiveness. When employees refrain from expressing their opinions or suggestions, it can lead to a lack of information and knowledge sharing, which can impede organizational learning and innovation. According to research, organizational silence can negatively affect an organization's ability to correct mistakes or learn from them, as employees may not provide feedback or suggestions that can help improve processes or products (Morrison & Milliken, 2000). Additionally, silence can prevent employees from providing valuable insights or ideas that can lead to innovation and growth (Edmondson, 2003). Furthermore, research has shown that silence can have negative consequences on employees, such as feelings of insignificance, lack of control, and cognitive dissonance (Morrison & Milliken, 2000; Vakola & Bouradas, 2005).
Subject: business
Intent: Other
Query: "Provide evidence-based analysis of the most effective exercise habits for cognitive enhancement, including:

Specific types of exercises proven to boost brain function
Detailed workout protocols with duration, intensity, and frequency
Time of day optimization for cognitive benefits
Mechanism of action linking each exercise type to brain health
Measurable cognitive improvements from different exercise modalities"

Specific detail prompts:

"Compare and rank the effectiveness of:


High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
Steady-state cardio
Resistance training
Balance and coordination exercises
Dance and complex movement patterns
for improving cognitive function, memory, and neuroplasticity. Include optimal duration and frequency for each."


"Detail the neurobiological mechanisms through which exercise enhances:


BDNF production
Hippocampal neurogenesis
Executive function
Memory consolidation
Processing speed
Include specific exercise protocols that maximize these benefits."

Practical implementation prompt:
"Provide a comprehensive 4-week exercise program designed specifically for cognitive enhancement, including:

Daily workout plans with exercise type, duration, and intensity
Progressive overload strategies
Recovery protocols
Cognitive assessment metrics
Adaptations for different fitness levels"
Subject: sports science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Refine this abstract "Wireless Federated learning (WFL) faces challenges like communication latency and energy consumption in 5G and beyond networks. In this paper, grant-free NOMA multiple access approach is to optimize the communication and energy resources for WFL. The edge users terminate concurrently the local model training and then simultaneously transmit the trained parameters to the central server using grant-free NOMA. The Collision-Aware Successive Convex Optimization Algorithm mitigate the impact of collisions caused by simultaneous transmissions from multiple devices, while ensuring successful decoding of overlapping signals, thereby minimizing latency and energy consumption without requiring explicit scheduling. Simulation results reveal that grant-free NOMA outperforms TDMA, OFDMA, hybrid (TDMA+NOMA), and grant-based NOMA in reducing latency, improving throughput, and achieving higher model accuracy with lower energy consumption. By eliminating scheduling overhead and enabling efficient resource allocation, grant-free NOMA enhances WFL scalability and performance."
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Highlight the traditional view of Romantic poets as eco-centric and nature-revering then Introduce the argument: Romantic poetry is anthropocentric, portraying nature as subordinate to human experiences, emotions, and philosophical concerns. Briefly mention the key poets and theories that will guide the review (e.g., Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, and theories like ecocriticism, posthumanism).
Subject: literature
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Peng et al. [3] developed a SPE-GC-MS method for detecting 16 priority pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, with the detection limit reaching 10 ng/L. Li et al. [4] analyzed organic chlorine pesticides in water using LLE-HPLC-MS/MS technology, showing good analytical performance. However, these traditional methods usually require a large amount of samples (500-1000 mL) and organic solvents (50-200 mL), have a complex and time-consuming pre-treatment process (4-8 hours), and cause secondary pollution to the environment, making them difficult to meet the requirements of on-site rapid analysis.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Research has shown that violent criminal behavior is more common among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) (Jakobsson et al. 2024). A Swedish study found that the combination of violent behavior and an SUD diagnosis resulted in an almost fourfold higher hazard of premature mortality compared to their equals without SUD diagnoses (Jakobsson et al. 2024). Among repeat violent offenders, a fourfold increased hazard rate for suicide was found, which decreased to about a twofold risk after controlling for inpatient psychiatric care (Jakobsson et al. 2024).
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Check for prior work: We introduce Adversarial Persona Robustness Testing (APRT), a multi-component framework
designed to systematically challenge and improve LLM-based personas. APRT consists of four main
components: (1) An adversarial scenario generator: a GAN-based model trained to produce
challenging conversational scenarios designed to break persona coherence. (2) A multi-agent
simulation environment: where adversarial agents attempt to expose inconsistencies in the target
persona. (3) A reinforcement learning-based dialogue manager: that learns optimal strategies for
maintaining persona consistency under adversarial pressure. (4) An iterative fine-tuning process: that uses failed test cases to continuously improve persona robustness.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: My thesis explores using diffusion models to solve the image demixing problem - specifically separating blended images back into their source components.
Key Aspects:

Core Problem:


Given a blended image y = αx₁ + (1-α)x₂
Goal: Recover source images x₁, x₂ using diffusion models as priors


Novel Approach:


Uses pretrained diffusion models' natural image priors
Modifies the diffusion sampling process to incorporate blending constraints
No additional training required


Research Progression:


Starting with known, constant α
Moving to unknown, constant α
Advancing to spatially-varying α maps
Potentially extending to N>2 images and incorporating additional guidance


Current Experiments:


Comparing different loss formulations for reconstruction
Investigating numerical stability and detail preservation
Testing gradient-based approaches for better image recovery

The work is innovative as it applies diffusion models to image demixing in a way that hasn't been explored before, potentially offering a new approach to this challenging inverse problem.

Can you help me find papers on the topic and maybe prior work,  and also give me interesting suggestion on what should i do?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: During the inferencing stage, large model weights are often stored in slower storage devices like SSD and/or CPU before being transferred to GPU memory for computation.
The bandwidth limitations of these connections can create significant delays
Hence, the time taken to load model weights can dominate the total inference time, especially when dealing with models that have of billions of parameters
Network latency
In scenarios where data is being sent across the network (from edge devices to cloud servers), factors like network congestion and protocol overhead can all contribute to delays in data transmission.
For applications that requiring real-time response such as autonomous driving and security surveillance, even slight delays can lead to unacceptable performance degradation 

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Generate a literature review  on: Cultural factors affecting utilization of family planning among women of child bearing age: Lets generate 07 well research paragraphs. Include study design, author name, year and country in each paragraph. Show the maternal factors that were obtained in each study. Authors ranging from 2017 - 2024, insert author name and year in the body, not numbers and then generate a list of references in APA format, 7th edition. Please write like a human text, not AI. Do not include recommendations or summeries at the end of the paragraphs. Ensure that you include the statistical findings (percentages). Show how the factors influence utilization of FP. Each variable, one paragraph, well explained. Be straight to the point. Let the data be verifiable from google.   
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Dear experts,

I am conducting research on effective teaching and learning methodologies and would appreciate recommendations for high-quality academic resources (books, articles, or case studies) on the following topics:

1️⃣ Socratic Questioning, Experiential Learning, and Evidence-Based Educational Frameworks
	•	What are the best scholarly works on Socratic questioning as a pedagogical method?
	•	Are there key books or meta-analyses that explore experiential learning and its impact on student engagement and knowledge retention?
	•	What are the most widely accepted evidence-based frameworks for structuring effective and interactive learning environments?

2️⃣ Cognitive Science & Learning Retention
	•	Which articles or books provide the most comprehensive insights into active retrieval, spaced repetition, and transformative learning?
	•	How do these cognitive strategies enhance comprehension and long-term retention in real-world educational settings?
	•	Are there case studies or research-backed implementations of these techniques that demonstrate measurable improvements in learning outcomes?

3️⃣ Digital & Technological Integration in Learning
	•	What are the most practical and effective studies on how digital tools, AI, and interactive platforms improve learning engagement and accessibility?
	•	Which research best explores the use of AI-driven adaptive learning in education?
	•	Are there comparative studies showing the effectiveness of blended learning approaches versus traditional classroom methods?

I am particularly interested in references that are both academically rigorous and applicable to real-world learning environments. Your recommendations would be invaluable in helping me refine my understanding and approach.
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: These findings are consistent with current literature, which indicates that while alterations in fatty acid metabolism have been implicated in AD pathophysiology, group-level differences in pathway abundance may not always reach statistical significance. Instead, individual variability - including the presence of outliers - may reflect underlying metabolic heterogeneity among AD patients and controls, potentially influenced by genetic factors, comorbidities, or environmental exposures. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of examining both central tendencies and outlier patterns to better understand metabolic dysregulation in AD and its relevance to disease progression and clinical heterogeneity
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: This research sparked my interest in exploring how data contamination contributes to memorization issues in models, leading to poor generalization abilities. Specifically, I aim to investigate whether there are methods that allow us to make ultimate use of data—leveraging it to enhance model capabilities while avoiding memorization of benchmark-specific information. Additionally, inspired by the LLM modeling work by \citep{allenzhu2024physicslanguagemodels31}, I plan to design controlled experiments to further explore these dynamics and uncover additional insights.

help me check if this idea was investigated?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Large Language Models (LLMs) such as BERT, RoBERTa, and other variants, are known for their high classification performance in NLP tasks. However, these models have the major limitation of requiring huge computational resources, both in terms of training time and memory. High computation in this context refers to large GPU requirements, slow inference times, and high energy consumption, which is not always suitable for large-scale implementation in resource-constrained environments.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I am a researcher looking for a detailed list of at least 50 primary articles published about bioelectrocatalysis in which a combination of enzymes and carbon nanomaterials are employed for applications in green chemistry and green energy. Only papers that involve an enzyme and a carbon nanomaterial, used to perform an electrocatalytic reaction, need to be used. Ignore papers that mention mimicking of enzymes, but do not have any data about the combination of enzymes and nanomaterials. Please ignore any review articles. Please include papers that fit the search criteria published in the past 10 years. Please include the DOI for each paper in the list
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Discuss the potential affects of "Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)" on testosterone levels in men. Does it have negative impacts on testosterone levels. Does it have neutral impacts on testosterone levels or does it have positive impacts on testosterone levels. Including  "Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)" impacts on direct and indirect measures in increasing testosterone: (1) lowering SHBG; (2) limiting the available aromatase or limiting the expression of aromatase; (3) limiting the ability for aromatase to convert testosterone to estradiol; (4) Improving testicular function; (5) aiding and or supporting during the various conversion of cholesterol to testosterone; (6) the affects of "Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)" on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis; (7) how does "Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)" impact different groups and demographics such as health men of all ages. ( Be specific with your answers. Using peer-reviewed scientific literature, analyze the affects and potential negative, neutral or positive impacts on testosterone levels in men. Critically evaluate both the primary research and meta-analyses that explore these physiological and possibly phycological affects of "Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)" addressing any conflicting findings or debates within the scientific community about "Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)" affects on testosterone levels in men.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Shortcomings of micro-perspective: Existing studies mostly explore economic issues of marriage from the statistical or macro-policy level, and lack attention to the subjective perceptions and experiences of individual women. An individualized perspective can reveal the complex role of financial security in marriage decisions, especially the differences between different social classes and income groups.
Lack of economic risk mechanism: Although some studies have pointed out the negative impact of economic risk on marriage, there is less analysis of its specific mechanism, especially in areas with high living costs like Shanghai. Research has yet to delve into how women evaluate the financial costs and benefits of marriage in this context.
Insufficient research on the effects of regional policies: Shanghai’s social policies have the potential to help women cope with economic risks in marriage, but the existing literature fails to fully reveal the actual effects of these policies, especially how to improve women’s perception of financial security in marriage through policies .
Subject: finance
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: From these research questions, determine a doctoral thesis research title: 
•	How do migrant parents and pupils navigate the Finnish education system's communication channels, and what role do language barriers and cultural differences play in this information flow?
•	How do communication practices between migrant parents, students, and educators influence the integration of international students into the Finnish education system?
•	How do migrant parents perceive their participation in their children's education in Finland, and how does this perception align (or conflict) with the expectations of Finnish schools?
 
Subject: education
Intent: Ideation
Query: the Luoyang Three-Colored Pottery and the Mercury Gilded Buddha Statue are two artifacts that reveal the cultural, artistic, and economic achievements of the Tang dynasty. They not only showcase the skill and craftsmanship of Tang artisans but also provide insights into the social, economic, and cultural hierarchies of the period. These artifacts are a testament to the enduring legacy of the Tang dynasty and its impact on Chinese culture and art (References).
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: With time, Lee and Ali (2008) claim that auditing practice became more related to an “enhancing role”, with a special focus on the integrity and credibility of the information provided in financial statements; while Boynton, Jonson, and Kell (2005) declare that, besides enchasing credibility of financial statements, auditors nowadays are providing other services such as reporting on irregularities, identifying business risks, and management consulting on internal controls.
Subject: business
Intent: Other
Query: For low-homology proteins, single-sequence-based prediction methods, such as protein language models, can be explored. Additionally, hybrid approaches that integrate physics-based simulations with deep learning, such as reinforcement learning optimization strategies, may improve prediction accuracy.
Future research directions include expanding AlphaFold’s applications to functional predictions, such as protein complex structures and protein-small molecule interactions, enabling broader applications in biomedicine and drug discovery.

Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: Cross-Layer Design and Joint Optimization
Cross-layer approaches consider joint optimization across
the physical, MAC, and application layers. These protocols
co-design learning performance objectives (e.g., convergence,accuracy) with wireless system constraints (e.g., SNR, delay,
throughput).
a) Joint Scheduling and Power Control:: Resource allo-
cation strategies that align transmission parameters with model
quality and device capabilities.
b) Learning-Aware Beamforming and Channel Selec-
tion:: Adapt wireless links to prioritize important updates or
clients contributing to model generalization.
These designs offer the most holistic performance gains but
require tighter integration with wireless protocol stacks and
real-time network state information.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I'm sorry, but I can't provide specific research papers or patent lists directly. However, I can guide you on how to find relevant studies and patents.

To find research papers:
1. Use academic databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, or Google Scholar.
2. Search for keywords such as "HA nanowires", "hyaluronic acid injection", "medical aesthetics", etc.
3. Look for recent reviews or studies that discuss the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) nanowires in medical aesthetics.

For patents:
1. Visit patent databases like Google Patents, Espacenet, or the USPTO website.
2. Search for patents related to "HA nanowires" or "injectable hyaluronic acid".
3. Check the publication dates and abstracts to identify relevant patents.

If you need help with understanding search results or interpreting specific findings, feel free to ask!
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: retrieve references for the following: •	Clinical background: Coagulation tests including APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ratio), PT-INR (Prothrombin Time-International Normalized Ratio), and platelet count are used in many facilities in Japan for the prepuncture evaluation of coagulation status prior to spinal anesthesia. This is despite the fact that APTT may be prolonged in the absence of coagulopathy. It is also difficult to compare APTT ratios between facilities (and therefore there is no clear evidence supporting the use of thresholds as practice guidelines in this context), and there is literature that APTT and PT-INR are considered inappropriate for monitoring perioperative coagulopathy.
•	Client’s research: In a recent study on the use of thromboelastography to measure the efficiency of blood clotting, Dr Tamura determined that the use of an early amplitude at 10 min could predict maximum amplitude and allow for more rapid determination of the need for blood transfusion products. 
•	Opportunity: In the absence of an up-to-date review on the topic, there exists disagreement between evidence and clinical practice regarding the use of coagulation test thresholds prior to administration of spinal anesthesia. An opportunity exists to clarify the accuracy and appropriateness of coagulopathy evaluation options by summarizing the recent literature in this specific clinical context.
•	Proposal: We propose a narrative literature review that summarizes the latest relevant research on the reliability of APTT, PT, PT-INR tests and thresholds based on these tests to evaluate coagulation status perioperatively and in particular prior to puncture for spinal anesthesia.  

Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Show the detailed steps for Query, Key, and Value Transformations: The embedded input sequence is then transformed into query (Q), key (K), and value (V) matrices through linear projections. These linear transformations are typically implemented using learnable weight matrices WQ, WK, and WV, respectively.  Assume the text input is "The world keeps spinning" and the embedding dimension is a simple 4.  In addition assume that ROPE is used for position encoding.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Pre-excitation is a term that refers to the premature activation of the ventricles. Previously used when referring to Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW), pre-excitation has been expanded to include any rhythm with antegrade ventricular or retrograde atrial activation via an accessory pathway. These pathways may be partially or completely separate from the normal conduction system. The Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) pattern was described in 1952 by Bernard Lown, William Francis Ganong, and Samual Levine and is theorized to involve an accessory pathway that partially or completely bypasses the atrioventricular (AV) node resulting in the direct activation of the bundle of His by the sinoatrial (SA) node. Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome is an outdated clinical diagnosis with no known unique underlying anatomic correlate.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: HCI Research: Focus on user needs for children’s educational apps, interaction design for young users, and any existing applications with similar purposes.
HCI Theory: Highlight relevant HCI concepts, such as affordances, feedback, and user-friendly design tailored to children.
We’ll begin by identifying key topics and academic papers for the HCI Research section. Here’s what we can look for:

Studies on children's engagement with educational apps.
Interaction patterns and usability challenges for young users.
Examples of apps or systems that involve nature exploration or learning.
find some paper 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: More crucially, the vulnerability of the text modality to certain types of subtle input perturbations has become a significant issue for their practical deployment, often leading to unstable outputs. Notably, precisely on those tasks where text models perform poorly or are susceptible to perturbations, visual or audio models often demonstrate stronger native capabilities (e.g., the robustness of visual models to misspelling perturbations, the robustness of audio models to homophone perturbations).
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I am researching the effectiveness of learning-by-teaching by placing student avatars in a classroom model and having users teach to the screen. At a recent interim presentation, I was asked if the difference in the number of students in the classroom is connected to their awareness of being “the one who teaches”. So, I would like to find a paper that examines what factors are important in creating an “I'm teaching as a teacher” awareness. If there is none, please answer honestly, because it is OK to say there is none.
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: How do sociotech ventures differ from other types of ventures, and what does the recent rise of AI mean for them? Should a sociotech venture adopt AI? If so, should they focus on its pattern recognition capabilities, its pattern generation capabilities, or both? Is this a meaningful distinction? If so, does it align with whether a sociotech venture should adopt AI to develop a core competency or competitive advantage versus for operational or infrastructure improvement? If both distinctions are valid, can they be modeled as a 2x2 framework, and what would empirical analysis reveal about their relationship?


Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: With the development of technology over the years, much of the world's knowledge has come to be stored virtually. This migration of data to interconnected digital environments, popularly known as the “cloud”, demands a critical analysis of information security models, the custody of information transcends physical servers, requiring a new pact of trust between users and providers (Kaufman, 2009). This evolution has also facilitated access to a wide range of materials, making it possible to find information on practically any subject. This abundance of resources has brought many benefits to areas such as research and development.
However, ease of access has also created a new challenge: the need to filter through the huge amount of information available in order to find really relevant, quality material that is aligned with the specific objectives of each research project. The phenomenon of information overload, described by Bawden and Robinson(2020) as the situation in which an excess of relevant information becomes an obstacle rather than a resource, is an issue that affects many areas, from the academic sphere to everyday decisions. In a digital environment characterized by the constant generation of data, there is a critical need for strategies that prioritize the quality and relevance of the information accessed. In this case, abundance can become an obstacle if it is not accompanied by efficient search and filtering mechanisms.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: 1	Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional

Identify and discuss any legal, social, ethical and professional issues and considerations in this proposed project. (Feasibility about legal, social, ethical and professional) LSEPI
Example:
-	Legal issues: the author need to ask for the permission from the Government, …
-	Social
-	Ethical
-	Professional

write about the education broker website
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Provide a detailed explanation of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV/VPH) entry, replication and exit by addressing the following interconnected processes: How does HPV specifically bind to host cell receptors, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and α6 integrins, and what entry mechanisms (e.g., clathrin-mediated endocytosis, pH-dependent fusion) enable its internalization into keratinocytes or mucosal epithelial cells? Once inside, what sequential steps occur during its replication process, including the critical phase of genome replication (e.g., episomal maintenance of circular dsDNA in the nucleus, reliance on host DNA polymerases, and regulation by viral proteins like E1 and E2)? Finally, how does HPV exit the host cell—given its non-enveloped structure—to infect new cells, and how do these egress strategies (e.g., delayed release via epithelial differentiation, cell shedding, or lack of lytic burst) differ from those of enveloped or lytic viruses? Integrate your discussion to highlight how HPV’s receptor specificity, intracellular trafficking, replication tactics, and asymptomatic release mechanisms contribute to its lifecycle and persistence in human hosts
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Help me add the correct references to the appropriate places in my article? At least 3-5 references are required:The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database is a comprehensive and standardized source of global health data, providing detailed and reliable epidemiological data on the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factors of 369 diseases across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We extracted epidemiological data for five diseases from the GBD database: appendicitis, paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction (PI and IO), vascular intestinal diseases (VID), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer, for secondary analysis. These diseases were selected because they represent major etiologies and mechanisms of injury in the lower gastrointestinal tract and have significant public health impacts. We focused on the Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions as defined by the WHO, extracting disease data for a total of 42 countries in these regions. Additionally, we used lower gastrointestinal disease data from the European Union (EU) as a comparison, as all EU member states are high-SDI countries. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Washington. The study is conducted in full compliance with the university’s policies and procedures, as well as applicable federal, state, and local laws
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: write literature review  about  this  data supported by latest references''Enhances Financial Inclusion and Access to Trade Finance:
FinTech solutions, particularly blockchain and digital payment platforms, can significantly enhance financial inclusion by providing underserved businesses and individuals access to trade finance. Islamic finance principles, which emphasize risk-sharing and asset-backed transactions, can further support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in international trade. This is particularly relevant for BRICS economies, where SMEs often face difficulties accessing traditional trade finance due to high costs, lack of collateral, or regulatory constraints.

Promotes Transparency and Reduces Transaction Costs:
FinTech innovations, such as blockchain, provide immutable and transparent transaction records, which can reduce the risks of fraud and corruption often associated with cross-border trade. Additionally, the use of smart contracts can automate and streamline processes like payment settlements, reducing both time and costs. This aligns well with Islamic finance’s emphasis on ethical practices and transparency.

Reduces Dependence on Western Financial Networks:
One of the key advantages of integrating FinTech and Islamic finance in trade finance is the potential to develop alternative financial networks that are less dependent on Western-dominated institutions like SWIFT. This is particularly important for BRICS economies, which have been exploring mechanisms to reduce their reliance on the U.S. dollar and mitigate the impact of economic sanctions. For instance, China and Russia have developed their own cross-border payment systems, such as the Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) and the System for Transfer of Financial Messages (SPFS), respectively.

Supports BRICS’ Geopolitical and Economic Goals:
By leveraging FinTech and Islamic finance, BRICS countries can foster greater economic cooperation and trade within the bloc, aligning with their long-term goal of creating a multipolar global financial system. This integration can also support initiatives like the BRICS New Development Bank (NDB), which aims to finance sustainable development projects while reducing dependence on traditional Western financial institutions. 
Subject: finance
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Further analysis of simple effects, as depicted in Figure 2a and Figure 2b, revealed gender-specific differences. The relationship between depression and the use of conversational AI for companionship (UCAI-C) was stronger among females than that among males. In contrast, the association between loneliness and UCAI-C was stronger among males than that among males. Concerning conditional mediating effects, the mediating effect was significant among males (Estimate = .141, SE = .034, Z = 1.611, 95%CI: .074, .206) but not females (Estimate = -.014, SE = .040, Z = -.356, 95%CI: -.097, .061).
Subject: psychology
Intent: Other
Query: "My project involves core concepts like 'Reinforcement Learning' and 'Robotic Manipulation,' and we need to map these to specialized concepts (e.g., 'RL for Grasping') and foundational concepts (e.g., 'Linear Algebra'). We aim to create a structured framework that includes:

Core Concepts: Directly related to the project's focus areas.

Specialized Concepts: Applications or subfields of core concepts within the project context.

Foundational Concepts: Prerequisite knowledge required to understand core and specialized concepts.

Can you provide research on hierarchical extraction, ensuring no overlap between tiers and maintaining relevance to the project's goals?"
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Large marine combustion engines use low-sulfur oil, natural gas, hydrogen, and ammonia as fuel. Therefore, the exhaust gas emitted from the combustion chamber of these engines contains a lot of highly corrosive sulfides. To minimize the high temperature corrosion of exhaust valve spindles in contact with these exhaust gases, please compare and analyze the current status and future prospects of domestic and foreign technology development of exhaust valve spindle materials used in marine engines.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Give me the reference for below:

Multiple Access Schemes
Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) protocols like TDMA and OFDMA allocate dedicated time or frequency resources to clients, providing simple interference-free scheduling but limited scalability. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) schemes [ref], by contrast, allow simultaneous transmissions distinguished by power levels or codes, improving spectral efficiency and latency. Grant-free access methods eliminate scheduling overhead but face challenges in collision resolution.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Metadata
Query: Phage cocktails engineered to target specific pro-inflammatory strains (e.g., Enterococcus faecalis, Prevotella spp.) offer the ability to modulate microbiome composition with strain-level precision. Unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics, these phages preserve beneficial taxa and reduce ecological collateral damage, with early evidence indicating attenuation of systemic inflammation and improved cognitive metrics in aged microbiome-humanized mice 
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: A leading hospital is evaluating a proposal from an AI company offering CardioAI, an advanced diagnostic tool that provides rapid, automated interpretations of 12-lead ECGs. CardioAI is designed to support cardiologists and emergency department doctors and Nurses by quickly identifying cardiac conditions like arrhythmias and myocardial infarctions, potentially improving patient outcomes in critical situations. The hospital is considering how this tool could integrate into its current emergency care workflow and assist in managing high patient volumes more efficiently,,, give counter arguments as an admin of the hospital for the cardio ai tool with the support of ethical principle, ethical theory and its impact
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding