allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: Help me review this paper: Two Heads Are Better Than One: A Multi-Agent System Has the Potential to Improve Scientific Idea Generation. Abstract: The rapid advancement of scientific progress requires innovative tools that can accelerate discovery. While recent AI methods, particularly large language models (LLMs), have shown promise in tasks such as hypothesis generation and experimental design, they fall short in replicating the collaborative nature of real-world scientific practices, where diverse teams of experts work together to tackle complex problems. To address the limitation, we propose an LLM-based multi-agent system, i.e., Virtual Scientists (VirSci), designed to mimic the teamwork inherent in scientific research. VirSci organizes a team of agents to collaboratively generate, evaluate, and refine research ideas. Through comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate that this multi-agent approach outperforms the state-of-the-art method in producing novel and impactful scientific ideas, showing potential in aligning with key insights in the Science of Science field. Our findings suggest that integrating collaborative agents can lead to more innovative scientific outputs, offering a robust system for autonomous scientific discovery.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Psychometric Assessment of University of Dar es Salaam Students: Insights from 2020 Data

Abstract
This study examines the psychometric assessment of students at the University of Dar es Salaam, using data collected in 2020. The research evaluates cognitive abilities, personality traits, and academic motivations to understand their impact on educational performance and personal development. Employing standardized psychometric tools, the study highlights key trends and differences among various demographics within the university population. The findings aim to inform educators, policymakers, and psychologists in designing interventions that enhance learning outcomes and foster holistic student growth.
Subject: psychology
Intent: Other
Query: A systematic literature review is a structured approach to analyze and summarize the existing literature on a specific research question or topic. The methodology typically involves four stages: developing a search strategy, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducting the selection process (identification, screening, and quality assessment), and data extraction. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines are often followed to ensure a systematic approach and comprehensive literature search.
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Other
Query: In reference: Davenport, T., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. In Ubiquity (Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.1145/348772.348775
Select the original text from which the phrase is quoted: "Developing a deep understanding of customer needs and preferences through knowledge management and continuous learning enables companies to anticipate market trends and develop products and services that meet evolving customer demands. It stands to reason that a company that knows more about its customers, products, technologies, markets, and connections should perform better, enhance its competitive position, and create value for shareholders."
Subject: business
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: References should be found to support the following argument: The development and application of gas dynamics models are mostly based on large-scale space scenarios, such as industrial buildings, building ventilation systems, and atmospheric environmental research. These scenarios typically have large spatial scales and relatively stable boundary conditions, allowing researchers to adopt simplified model assumptions, such as uniformly distributed airflow, stable heat source distribution, and linearized turbulence models. However, the internal space of small animal metabolism chambers is extremely limited, usually only a few cubic decimeters, which is vastly different from the scale of large spaces. Within this tiny space, the characteristic scale of gas flow significantly decreases, and the turbulence structures and boundary layer effects are quite different from those in large spaces. For example, turbulence in tiny spaces may exhibit higher Reynolds numbers and more complex vortex structures, while traditional turbulence models (such as the k-ε model) are severely limited in their applicability at small scales. In addition, the geometric structure of small animal metabolism chambers is complex, and there are various obstacles inside (such as animal cages, sensors, etc.), which further increase the complexity of gas flow. Therefore, the existing gas dynamics models based on large-scale spaces have obvious scale mismatch issues when directly applied to small animal metabolism chambers, making it difficult to accurately describe the gas flow characteristics inside.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Figure 2 shows the weight change of concrete specimens cured under non-CO2 conditions. Figure 2(a) presents the weight change over 24 hours at a relative humidity (RH) of 65%, the midpoint among the 15 experimental conditions. Similarly, Figure 2(b) displays results at the midpoint curing temperature of 50℃. At constant RH, a slight initial weight increase (<3h) was observed as the curing temperature increased, followed by continuous weight loss up to 24 hours. Following a 24 hours curing at 20℃, 50℃ and 80℃, the average weight change was found to be -1.08%, -1.89% and -3.03%, respectively. When the temperature was held constant, no significant trend differences were observed between RH of 30% and 65%. However, at RH 100%, an initial weight increase of up to 0.46%$ was recorded, followed by a gradual decrease to -0.14% at 24 hours.

find support reference for the each statement
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Base editors are a class of gene editing tools that enable targeted base pair conversions (e.g., C•G to T•A) without causing double-strand breaks in DNA. They are widely applied in precision therapy and functional gene research. Based on existing nucleotide-modifying enzyme databases and protein sequence resources, please propose a design to achieve a previously nonexistent G to C base conversion using comprehensive protein mining and protein design methods. Following this, please outline a set of experimental procedures to validate this hypothesis, including key steps such as enzyme activity construction strategies, establishment of in vitro editing systems, target screening and assessment of editing efficiency, off-target analysis, and functional validation in cell or animal models, ensuring that the results are reproducible and biologically meaningful.
Subject: biology
Intent: Ideation
Query: As aforementioned, in the case of complete inter-offloading, local edge devices function as a client, sending forward the inferencing request to the remote cloud. This strategy appears to be one of the earliest strategies in lessening the computational burden of inferencing tasks on edge devices. The strength of complete inter-offloading originates from its simplicities, as this method simplifies the execution of model inferencing such that all processes are centralised on a remote server. Develkopers do not need to  manage the complexities associated with splitting tasks or maintaining state between local and remote execution. Besides, this approach provides energy efficiency. With this approach, local devices can conserve battery likge and reduce heat generation on the edge device since they are not performing intensive coimputation. However, this type of approach has high network dependency. It is heaviuly relies on the network connectivity. The condition of the network can lead to increased latency and performance degradation in real time application on edge devices. For example, if the remote cloud servers are experiencing network failure or preoccupied with on-going execution, local edge device might also be resulting in prolonged latency and even system failure. Besides, since all coimputatyional tasks are offloaded on cloud servers, continuous reliance on such service are bound to incur high operational cost, particularly in cloud environments where oftenly usage is billed based on resource consumption. (give an example on how the cost would be using a cloud server like AWS).
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: One-to-one gene orthologs are standardized between mouse and humans are identified by their gene naming convention (e.g. Tcf4 in mouse and TCF4 in human).


One-to-one gene orthologs are standardized between mouse and humans are identified by their gene naming convention (e.g. Tcf4 in mouse and TCF4 in human).


True or False?
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: For the below 3 papers of mine: 1. Zero-shot Faithful Factual Error Correction 2. Do LVLMs Understand Charts? Analyzing and Correcting Factual Errors in Chart Captioning 3. Can LLMs Produce Faithful Explanations For Fact-checking? Towards Faithful Explainable Fact-Checking via Multi-Agent Debate

Answer the following questions: 1. Why is your research considered novel? i.e. explain the existing state of the art/status quo and explain what your research did that was new/novel. What does your contribution entail? 2. Why is your research considered to be of major significance to the field? i.e. What problem does your innovation solve and what improvements does it contribute to the field? What other solutions existed prior and how is yours an advancement? What are the practical application/repercussions of your contribution? How have others expanded upon your research?

Write in first-person perspective and write in two paragraphs with one answering each question
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: conduct a literature review on Digital Payments and the Future of Cashless Economies This review should analyse and synthesize existing literature to identify key 
trends, debates, gaps, and future research opportunities. 

Conduct a Literature Search: 
− Identify at least 10 scholarly articles relevant to the topic. Use credible 
databases such as Scopus, or Web of Science. 
− Ensure that the selected literature includes a mix of theoretical, empirical, 
and review papers. 
 Develop a Structured Literature Review: 
− Organize the literature review into key themes or subtopics. 
− Discuss each theme, highlighting: 
▪ Key findings and contributions of the studies. 
▪ Contrasting viewpoints or debates. 
▪ Methodologies used in the studies (quantitative, qualitative, mixed). 
▪ Identified gaps or limitations. 
4. Synthesis: 
− Summarize the insights gained from the review. 
− Identify a specific research gap and propose how future research could 
address it.

the Structure of the Report should follow these:

1. Introduction:  
− Introduce the research topic and its importance in the business context. 
− State the objectives of the literature review. 
2. Literature Review:  
− Organize the review into thematic sections (e.g., historical trends, key 
debates, recent advancements). 
− Critically evaluate each source: 
▪ What are the key findings? 
▪ What methodologies were used? 
▪ What are the limitations? 
3. Research Gap and Proposed Future Research: 
− Identify gaps in the existing literature. 
− Propose potential directions for future research. 
4. Conclusion: Summarize the key insights and emphasize the importance of 
addressing the research gaps. 
5. References: Use APA referencing style to cite all sources. 

• A written literature review (2,000 words) (+/- 10%). 
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: can you tell me about this document?
Rais Hidayat, Y. Patras, S. Hardhienata, Rindu Rahayu Agustin. The effects of situational leadership and self-efficacy on the improvement of teachers’ work productivity using correlation analysis and SITOREM. 2020. .

I want to know if it addresses motivation, emotional intelligence or sharing informaton
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: i have a section of my paper about crypto triangular arbitrage i want u to help me add some citations to it 'Traditional approaches to identifying triangular arbitrage opportunities have relied on complex mathematical models, such as non-linear optimization techniques and heuristics. However, these methods often suffer from limitations in both speed and precision. Given the dynamic nature of financial markets, these older techniques may not be sufficient for real-time arbitrage detection. As financial markets evolve, there is a growing need for innovative, faster, and more accurate methods that can adapt to rapidly changing market conditions and provide actionable insights in real time [4]. This study applies the Bellman-Ford algorithm to identify triangular arbitrage opportunities by modeling currency exchange rates as a graph. The algorithm's ability to detect negative-weight cycles aligns well with the speed requirements of high-frequency trading environments, such as cryptocurrency markets. ' only keep my text just add citations
Subject: finance
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The Industrial Revolution, commencing in the late 18th century (circa 1760 AD), marked a pivotal transformation characterised by the emergence of coal as a dominant energy source alongside the advent of oil and natural gas. Key innovations, such as the steam engine (developed by James Watt in 1769 AD) and the internal combustion engine, facilitated a dramatic increase in energy consumption, revolutionising transportation and industrial production. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, electricity and petroleum had become principal energy sources, with diesel emerging as a critical fuel for transportation and heavy industry. Nuclear energy was introduced in the mid-20th century (circa 1950 AD) as a powerful alternative, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Find me the academic article for those

Problem Statement
Traditional education systems and conventional websites for learning have several limitations that hinder effective knowledge acquisition. The rapid advancement of technology has exposed the inefficiencies of traditional learning methods, necessitating the shift towards online learning platforms.

Problems with Traditional Learning Systems
Limited Accessibility – Traditional learning is confined to physical classrooms, making it difficult for students in remote areas or those with mobility challenges to access quality education.
Time Constraints – Students must follow fixed schedules, limiting flexibility for working professionals or individuals with personal commitments.
High Costs – Physical infrastructure, transportation, and printed materials contribute to the high cost of traditional education.
Lack of Personalized Learning – A one-size-fits-all approach in conventional classrooms fails to cater to individual student needs and learning paces.
Limited Resources – Physical libraries and textbooks may not always be up-to-date or comprehensive enough for diverse learning needs.
Issues with Existing E-learning Websites
Poor User Experience (UX) – Many existing platforms are not user-friendly, making navigation and content access difficult for students.
Lack of Interactive Learning – Some platforms provide only video lectures without interactive elements like quizzes, discussion forums, or gamification to enhance engagement.
Limited Course Customization – Many platforms offer predefined courses with little flexibility for learners to personalize their learning paths.
High Subscription Costs – Some e-learning websites require expensive subscriptions, making education inaccessible to low-income users.
Ineffective Assessment System – Many platforms lack proper evaluation methods, leading to poor tracking of student progress and performance.
Need for a New E-learning Website
Considering these challenges, there is a need to develop a modern e-learning platform that provides:

Flexible and accessible learning options for users worldwide.
User-friendly interface with intuitive navigation.
Engaging interactive elements like quizzes, live discussions, and gamification.
Personalized learning paths based on student progress and preferences.
Affordable or freemium models to cater to a broader audience.
Robust assessment and certification features to enhance credibility.
By addressing these challenges, the proposed e-learning website will improve the online education experience and offer a more efficient and interactive way of learning.
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Futurity, which emphasizes forward-looking planning and actions, signals to employees that their contributions have enduring significance. This perspective motivates employees to invest in their relationships and engage in altruistic behaviors that align with the organization’s future vision. Continuity, which values consistency and learning from past experiences, creates a culture of stability and predictability, reducing uncertainty and enabling employees to focus on building supportive interpersonal relationships. Lastly, perseverance, which prioritizes patience and sustained effort, inspires employees to dedicate themselves to long-term goals, reinforcing collaborative and prosocial workplace behaviors.


Subject: business
Intent: Other
Query: find me LLM reasoning papers published in ICML/iclr/Neurips that combines natural language reasoning with executable code.  Here are some requirements

1) introduced a meta-reasoner, or orchestrator, or the brain, to adaptively decide which reasoning strategy to use ( such as shifting between planning, revising, verifying, and exploring alternatives as the problem unfolds. )
2) then use coded programs or verifiers to do the task 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: In-vivo validation will be conducted using animal models of diabetes, high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance models, and genetic models such as db/db and ob/ob mice. AI-assisted biomarker analysis will monitor metabolic changes, including fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers. Histopathological evaluations of pancreatic, liver, and adipose tissues will provide insights into the therapeutic effects and safety of the compounds. These studies will establish dose-response relationships and identify potential adverse effects, ensuring the development of safe and effective therapies
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Given that miR-142-5p promotes cancer cell proliferation by targeting SMAD3 in TGF-β signaling, and miR-146a-5p targets both SMAD4 and TRAF6 in adipose tissue, what would be the predicted molecular impact if miR-142-5p was overexpressed in adipose tissue where miR-146a-5p is normally active?
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Item Response Theory (IRT) has been extensively used to numerically characterize question difficulty and discrimination for human subjects in domains including cognitive psychology and education (Primi et al., 2014; Downing, 2003). More recently, IRT has been used to similarly characterize item difficulty and discrimination for natural language models across various datasets (Lalor et al., 2019; Vania et al., 2021; Rodriguez et al., 2021). In this work, we explore predictive models for directly estimating and explaining these traits for natural language questions in a question-answering context. We use HotpotQA for illustration. Our experiments show that it is possible to predict both difficulty and discrimination parameters for new questions, and these traits are correlated with features of questions, answers, and associated contexts. Our findings can have significant implications for the creation of new datasets and tests on the one hand and strategies such as active learning and curriculum learning on the other.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Find references
******
BNCT agent, BPA exhibits extremely low water solubility, necessitating administration as a sugar complex. While fructose has been used for solubilization in basic research, clinical applications employ sorbitol. Following administration of solubilized BPA, sorbitol dissociates from BPA in vivo. During renal excretion, high concentrations of BPA in the kidneys lead to its insolubilization and eventual crystallization. This phenomenon has been associated with side effects such as hematuria.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The field of modeling and optimization of atomic configurations and spatial correlations in disordered systems in high-entropy alloys. Their underlying logic is related to spatial correlations, and in the study of material calculations in high-entropy alloys and their disordered structures, especially in exploring and developing new methods of spatial correlations for material calculation representations with strong physical interpretations and accuracy. I want to develop a new method. My goal is not energy, we all know that energy is additive, so including CE and other methods are chosen to unfold through energy, while my idea is more for the prediction of energy bands, or for the prediction of non-additive properties such as mechanical properties, so accordingly, I need to find new correlation functions to transform the disordered structure of high-entropy alloys into the localized ordered equivalents with less computational effort.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Ideation
Query: Find prior work along these lines:

Existing methods typically rely on statistical patterns in the training data or model internals, without
explicitly considering causal relationships. This can lead to overconfident predictions on
out-of-distribution inputs or underestimation of uncertainty in counterfactual scenarios. Inspired by
causal inference techniques, we propose to estimate uncertainty by systematically perturbing the input
along causal dimensions and analyzing the resulting changes in model outputs. This approach allows
us to distinguish between aleatoric uncertainty (inherent in the data) and epistemic uncertainty (due to
model limitations) by analyzing patterns in the counterfactual outputs.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Accurate sample preparation is important to ensure reliable and consistent absorbance results during spectroscopic analysis. One key step is selecting a suitable solvent that does not interfere with the wavelength range being analyzed and does not react with the sample. In this experiment, ethanol was selected as the solvent because it has low absorbance in the UV-Vis region and can dissolve many organic compounds. Ethanol also evaporates quickly, reducing the chance of leaving residue inside the cuvette.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: 3. Document Ingestion
Document ingestion refers to the ability of LLMs to integrate and understand complex documents in various formats for further processing.
Key features:
- Semantic analysis: understanding of content, relationships and structures in unstructured documents.
- Multi-format support: Reading files in .docx, .pdf, .html format, or simple text files.
- Data classification and extraction: Automatically identify key sections (headings, paragraphs, tables).
- Practical applications: Centralises data from financial reports, legal documents or scientific studies.
Limitations:
- Difficulty interpreting non-standard or very dense formats.
- Nested data such as graphs or diagrams require additional steps.


("document ingestion" OR "document processing" OR "text processing pipeline" OR "file ingestion" OR "automated document analysis" OR "data extraction from documents" OR "multi-format document parsing")
AND ("AI" OR "LLM" OR "artificial intelligence" OR "document understanding" OR "semantic analysis")

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Studies in both animal models and early-phase clinical cohorts demonstrate that pulsed administration of anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., minocycline, TREM2 agonists, or IL-1β blockers) during biomarker-defined flare states (e.g., spikes in sTREM2, CRP, or YKL-40) reduces microglial activation and cytokine production more effectively than continuous administration, while preserving beneficial immune surveillance functions
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: I am writing an assignment about community engagement techniques for an ecological restoration programme I am planning and implementing. The programme is creating a biodiverse public park space, which is going to educate different groups in the community on restoration techniques such as natural succession, rewilding and managed grassland. The techniques used for community engagement include online and physical surveys to engage local residents, one-to-one consultations to engage landowners and funding bodies, focus groups and workshops for local community and environmental groups and universities, and creative competitions for local schools. Find me some academic peer reviewed journal articles that talk about these specific techniques in the context of my ecological restoration project and each stakeholder. Include all of the full references to these journal articles 
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: reference the below iterative approach :
To conduct this iterative approach, researchers can follow the steps outlined below:

Initial data collection: Gather initial data from various sources, including literature reviews, expert interviews, and organizational case studies. This initial data will serve as the foundation for the emerging theory.
Open coding: Perform open coding on the initial data to identify initial concepts and codes. This involves breaking down the data into smaller parts, connecting them into larger themes, and focusing on the most significant ones.
Memoing: Write memos to capture reflections, questions, and insights that arise during the coding process. These memos will help to clarify the emerging theory and identify areas that require further exploration.
Theoretical sampling: Select new data samples that are relevant to the emerging theory. This involves identifying data that addresses the gaps in the current understanding of the phenomenon and refining the emerging theory.
Constant comparison: Continuously compare and contrast the new data with the emerging theory. This involves identifying similarities and differences between the data and the theory, and refining the theory accordingly.
Axial coding: Perform axial coding to identify relationships between the codes and concepts. This involves examining the relationships between the codes and concepts, and identifying patterns and themes.
Selective coding: Perform selective coding to identify the core category that best explains the phenomenon. This involves selecting the most important code or concept that best explains the phenomenon, and refining the theory accordingly.
Theoretical saturation: Continue the iterative process until theoretical saturation is reached. Theoretical saturation occurs when the researcher is confident that the emerging theory accurately explains the phenomenon, and that no new insights are being gained from additional data.
By following this iterative approach, researchers can develop a nuanced understanding of the ethical implications of AI use in HRM and identify practical measures to mitigate risks.
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Other
Query: Are there any previous findings that support the explanations below?

Insula's connectivity patterns may be task-dependent. For example, the insula's connectivity with other brain regions may be altered during social tasks, but not during resting-state. This would suggest that the insula's connectivity patterns are dynamic and context-dependent, and that different tasks may require different levels of connectivity between the insula and other brain regions.


Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: My research paprer is a Constructivist Grounded Approach to Study the Ethical Implications of AI Use in Human Resources Management . Here below are the research questions and research objective : 1.What are the primary ethical concerns associated with AI use in Human Resource Management, and how can a conceptual framework address these concerns? 2. How do algorithmic biases manifest in AI-driven HRM processes, and what strategies can mitigate them? 3. What are the implications of AI-driven data collection on employee privacy, and how can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection? 4. How can transparency and explainability be incorporated into AI-driven HRM systems to enhance trust and accountability? 5. What governance structures are necessary to ensure accountability when using AI in HRM? 6. How can ethical considerations be integrated into the deployment of AI systems in HRM? 7. What are the broader implications of ethical AI practices in HRM for organizational culture and employee well-being? Research Objectives: Objective 1: Identify and analyze key ethical issues associated with AI in HRM. Objective 2: Develop a comprehensive ethical framework integrating legal and ethical considerations. Objective 3: Provide practical guidelines for ethical AI deployment in HRM. Objective 4: Contribute to academic knowledge and inform policy development on ethical AI use in HRM. 




 it is crucial to conduct a more extensive review of the current literature on AI in HRM. This will help to identify gaps in the existing research, clarify the significance of the research questions, and provide a more nuanced understanding of the ethical concerns. 

for this proposal, assist in including a detailed literature review section to set the context for the research. 
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: How to make AI - generated paintings more similar to hand - drawn ones?
Current AI - generated paintings are created using the diffusion model to generate images. This has an essential difference from hand - drawn paintings. Due to the different principles of image generation, in many cases, we can easily tell that an image has a strong sense of being AI - generated, and users don't like such images. For example, hand - drawn paintings generally don't have a large number of highly detailed color gradients, while AI - generated images often do. If the images are presented in a way that mimics human drawing, such as in the form of vector graphics, perhaps this situation can be improved.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: In the E2E autonomous driving filed, some researcher has tried to solve problem that the difference of camera configurations would lead to decrease model accuracy. e.g. UniDrive.
However UniDrive unified camera outside of Neural Network, it is not perfect adaptation of the difference camera configurations.
I want to tried to absorb such difference inside of Neural Network by using contrastive learning and other possible learning method.
Is there any possible and good idea for this. I ask you that.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: when harvested, water hyacinth biomass can present disposal challenges if
not managed effectively. These rapidly growing plants thrive in warm, tropical climates and are
often considered problematic due to their rapid proliferation, which disrupts aquatic ecosystems.
However, water hyacinths also offer notable advantages: they absorb excess nutrients and
contaminants from water, thereby improving water quality and mitigating pollution caused by
nutrient overload (Xu, J., Li, X., & Gao, T., 2022).
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: Definition of one alcohol drink as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a half-ounce or 13.7 g pure alcohol which is the amount of alcohol present in
12 oz beer (5% alcohol)
8 oz malt liquor (7% alcohol)
5 oz wine (12% alcohol)
1.5 oz 80-proof “hard-liquor” (40% alcohol)
The prevalence of alcoholic liver disease is highest in European countries. Daily consumption of 30 to 50 grams of alcohol for over five years can cause alcoholic liver disease. Steatosis can occur in 90% of patients who drink over 60 g/day, and cirrhosis occurs in 30% of individuals with long-standing consumption of more than 40 g/day.

Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: The constellation's X-band configuration, operating at a wavelength of 3.1 cm, offers distinct advantages for urban infrastructure monitoring [77]. For this study, data acquisition utilized the StripMap HIMAGE mode, achieving ground resolution of 3 x 3 meters with a mean incidence angle of 29.5° [78]. This specific configuration was selected to optimize the detection of vertical deformation patterns while maintaining broad coverage of Wuhan's rapidly evolving urban landscape. The 16-day repeat cycle of the constellation, combined with its descending orbit geometry, provided consistent monitoring capabilities across the study area of approximately 385 square kilometers.
The dataset encompasses 386 scenes focused on Wuhan's central business district and emerging development zones. These acquisitions demonstrate remarkable temporal coherence, particularly valuable in urban environments where structural stability assessment is crucial. Analysis of perpendicular baseline distributions reveals consistent acquisition geometry throughout the monitoring period, with strategic variations that enhance sensitivity to structural changes. In built-up areas, the dataset achieved an average PS density of 850 points per square kilometer, enabling detailed monitoring of building displacement patterns [79]. 
" please help me find the correct reference for this cosmoSKymed data that i write here 
Subject: earth sciences
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: one of the reviewers feedback we received on an S-STEM grant proposal is lack of clarity on how we plan to form student cohorts, here is the reviewers feedback: 


The panel encouraged your project team to examine the practices of other successful S-STEM projects to promote the development of strong cohorts.

Find ways to bring students together through experiences working together (e.g., cyber competitions).

give me a summary of related literature on ways to achieve this
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 
for this V. Enhancing Strengths and Addressing Weaknesses with AI Fostering Student Strengths: Describe how AI identifies and encourages students’ strengths, helping them to build confidence and competence in those areas. Remediating Weaknesses: Explain how AI can diagnose specific weaknesses and tailor remediation efforts to address them, such as through extra practice problems or hints. Example: Math apps like Khan Academy target foundational gaps in understanding to improve math skills progressively. Write a one to two paragraph response with 2 references
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: My base model is Qwen-Max, which is a large language model developed by Alibaba Cloud. I am primarily a language model designed to handle text-based tasks such as answering questions, generating text, and engaging in conversations. While I can process some forms of multimodal data, my core capability lies in understanding and generating natural language. My development on Qwen is aimed at leveraging advanced deep learning techniques to provide accurate and coherent responses to a wide range of inquiries.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Evaluate the research introduction below and write in academic form

"Wireless Federated Learning (WFL) is a distributed machine learning approach that enables devices to collectively train a global model without sharing raw data, preserving user data confidentiality.
Many applications for future networks, including Industry 4.0 and self-driving cars, require learning processes over massive amounts of sensitive data, and enabling edge users to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data is key. This approach has several benefits, including enhancing data privacy, reducing communication traffic, and improving model performance. The proliferation of innovative mobile services, such as augmented reality and networked gaming, has spurred a growing need for low-latency access to computing resources that cannot be met solely by existing centralized cloud systems "
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: The first step was to map the current process by creating detailed process maps of the linen distribution, replenishment, and soiled linen collection. The key process maps are shown in Figures 4 through 8.
The processes include ordering linen; replenishing linen; receiving clean linen and returning soiled linen; using linen and collecting soiled linen. The linen is ordered and distributed by materials management based on daily usage. The linen is replenished either on an exchange cart system or a par level replenishment method. Clean linen is delivered each morning by Materials Management, and picked up by Environmental Services during the day. Linen is used by the departments. On the
patient floors, the linen is delivered daily in the morning to the clean utility room. The Patient Care Technicians (PCTs) or Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) take the linen that they need for their areas, place it on a rolling cart, and move it to their areas.
The patients use the linen in the rooms when needed. The PCTs or LPNs remove the soiled linen and place it in linen hampers within each patient room. Environmental Services collects the dirty linen from the linen hampers and moves it to the linen shoots or to the basement. The Operating Room (OR) receives the linen daily in the morning. They store the carts in the hallway. The OR techs load up a cart and distribute the linen to the operating rooms, the Pre-operative area and the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The scrubs are delivered to each locker room. The soiled scrubs are placed in linen bins, and picked up by Environmental Services several times a day. The hospital is losing on average about 10 pairs of scrubs a day, resulting in a first quarter 2010 loss of $35,000. This loss could be about $140,000 per year.
The soiled linen is placed on the truck each morning and taken to the linen processing plant. The carts are immediately weighed as they arrive. The linen is sorted, washed, dried and folded. The linen orders are filled, verified by weight, and taken to the hospital the next morning.                                                             can you write this in another way?
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: can you summarize this paragraph? 

Level One describes programs or ac-
tivities in which parents and other fami-
ly members are included only for practi-
cal or legal reasons. At Level One, the
educator does not see working with
families as a professional skill to be de-
veloped. Educational and programmatic
policies are created by professionals
with little explicit attention to the needs
of parents and family members, who are
expected to support and cooperate with
the professionals Family conferences
for children with difficulties are con-
ducted in a school-focused manner in-
stead of a partnership manner, with par-
ents having relatively little input Fortu-
nately, Level One programs are increas-
ingly being seen as inadequate ways to
work with families and are even con-
trary to federal law in the case of chil-
dren with special educational needs
(Christenson & Conoley, 1992)
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Hydrometallurgical ironmaking technology is a process that uses hydrogen to reduce iron ore to produce direct reduced iron (DRI) or sponge iron, and the specification of materials and components for the application of the hydrometallurgical ironmaking process includes heat exchangers: Describe in detail how heat exchangers are used to recover heat from process gases for reuse in the furnace, what materials and configurations they include, and their principles and effectiveness. 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Write the related work section of these papers:
1) Renze et al "The Effect of Sampling Temperature on Problem Solving in Large Language Models"
2) Peeperkorn et al "Is temperature the creativity parameter of large language models"
3) Nakaiki et al "Critical phase transition in a large language model"
4) Chang et al "Kl-divergence guided temperature sampling"
5) Zhu et al "Improving code generation by dynamic temperature sampling"
6) Ackley et al "A learning algorithm for boltzmann machines"
7) Zhang et al "Edt: Improving large language models’ generation by entropy-based dynamic temperature sampling"
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into business processes has revolutionized the way organizations operate, offering unprecedented opportunities for efficiency, innovation, and growth. However, this technological advancement is not without its ethical challenges. As AI systems become more pervasive in business environments, it is imperative to examine the moral implications associated with their use criteria. Explore from a critical perspective the key ethical concerns surrounding the deployment of AI in business processes, including discrimination, privacy, transparency, autonomy, accountability, and environmental impact.
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: i want to talk about recommender systems in this related works paragraph:

Extensive research has been conducted in the field of information retrieval (IR), including frameworks like Carrot, an open-source platform designed for the rapid development of web information retrieval and web mining applications \cite{osinski2005carrot}. Modular search frameworks have also been explored, such as systems employing semantic search to address military and industrial tasks \cite{hawkins2010developing}, though these primarily operate on static, known corpora. Notably, these earlier efforts predate the rapid advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have shown immense potential in enhancing IR applications \cite{zhao2024, zhu2024}.

More recent studies have examined the integration of LLMs within IR systems, leveraging their capabilities at both the retrieval (first stage) and ranking (second stage) levels \cite{hambarde2023information}. However, such works focus on broad, open-domain advancements and do not address the unique challenges posed by secure, air-gapped military environments. This gap highlights the need for research into LLM-enabled IR frameworks that accommodate the stringent constraints of classified military applications.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Give me references and citations for the below:

Federated learning: The trade-offs inherent in each protocol category are quantitatively evident. For instance, while model compression reduces transmitted data volume by up to 70%, it may introduce up to 5% accuracy loss in non-IID data distributions. Update frequency control decreases communication by around 50% but can extend convergence time by 10–20% depending on client heterogeneity. AirComp methods provide ultra-low latency (up to 60% reduction) but require synchronization within microseconds, posing practical deployment challenges. Similarly, hierarchical FL improves scalability and reduces server load by up to 40%, though at the cost of potential model inconsistency across aggregation layers.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Certainly! Based on the background you provided, here's a novel and valid research topic:

**"Design and Optimization of Hybrid Thermoelectric-Gel Systems for Continuous and Efficient Power Generation Across Dynamic Temperature Ranges"**

This topic aims to explore the integration of thermoelectric materials with advanced gel-based systems (such as hydrogels or ionogels) to address the limitations of both traditional thermocells and existing gel-based approaches. The focus would be on achieving continuous, stable, and high-efficiency power generation under varying temperature conditions.

Key aspects could include:
- Investigating hybrid materials that combine the thermal stability of thermoelectric materials with the flexibility and ionic conductivity of gels.
- Developing strategies to maintain consistent power output despite fluctuations in temperature gradients.
- Exploring ways to enhance the mechanical robustness and environmental stability of the system.
- Evaluating the scalability and practical applicability of the proposed design in real-world scenarios.

This approach could offer a promising solution for sustainable energy conversion in diverse and dynamic environments.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: My research paprer is a Constructivist Grounded Approach to Study the Ethical Implications of AI Use in Human Resources Management . Here below are the research questions and research objective : 1.What are the primary ethical concerns associated with AI use in Human Resource Management, and how can a conceptual framework address these concerns? 2. How do algorithmic biases manifest in AI-driven HRM processes, and what strategies can mitigate them? 3. What are the implications of AI-driven data collection on employee privacy, and how can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection? 4. How can transparency and explainability be incorporated into AI-driven HRM systems to enhance trust and accountability? 5. What governance structures are necessary to ensure accountability when using AI in HRM? 6. How can ethical considerations be integrated into the deployment of AI systems in HRM? 7. What are the broader implications of ethical AI practices in HRM for organizational culture and employee well-being? Research Objectives: Objective 1: Identify and analyze key ethical issues associated with AI in HRM. Objective 2: Develop a comprehensive ethical framework integrating legal and ethical considerations. Objective 3: Provide practical guidelines for ethical AI deployment in HRM. Objective 4: Contribute to academic knowledge and inform policy development on ethical AI use in HRM. it is crucial to conduct a more extensive review of the current literature on AI in HRM. This will help to identify gaps in the existing research, clarify the significance of the research questions, and provide a more nuanced understanding of the ethical concerns. for this proposal, suggest a structure and outline for a literature review section to set the context for the research.
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Which of the following proteins are strongly involved in cell growth and wound repair?
CD151: involved in cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis
PLAUR: important for cell migration and wound healing
ITGAV, ITGA1, ITGA2, ITGB5: involved in cell adhesion and migration
FZD7: involved in cell growth via the Wnt signaling pathway
HRAS: controls cell growth signals
ENG: involved in angiogenesis and wound healing
CDH2: involved in cell adhesion and migration
EPHA2: involved in cell migration and angiogenesis
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The expansion, circulation and distribution of leukemia cells in the body have obvious clonal heterogeneity, resulting in significant differences in the effectiveness of chemotherapy. For example, some clones disappear after chemotherapy, while others appear or expand. Genes related to leukemia cell clonal dynamics were identified. For example, in clones expanded after chemotherapy, S100A16 gene expression was down-regulated, which may be related to changes in cell proliferation and migration capabilities and can be used as potential therapeutic targets.

Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Personalization of complex content (e.g., science, medical, legal) involves retargeting information to fit an individual's relatable context. For example, when explaining biology concepts to children, saying "try not to eat ice cream and candies" is more effective than "reduce glucose consumption," though both convey the same message—the former connects to children's familiar contexts (\ie ice cream and candies) while the latter uses scientific terminology.
Subject: education
Intent: Other