allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: give me references about this part: " 3.5 Integration of inter-nodes and intra-nodes: The process involves selecting influential nodes within each community and combining them with nodes that act as bridges between communities. Influential nodes are gathered from different groups, flattened into a single list, and merged with the set of bridge nodes. This union ensures that all selected nodes are unique, capturing both locally central individuals and those that facilitate connections across the network. The resulting set provides a strategic selection of nodes optimized for influence and connectivity across the entire network." 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Certainly! Based on the background you provided, here's a novel and valid research topic:

**"Development of Visible-Light-Promoted Photoredox Catalytic Three-Component Cycloadditions Using Phosphorus Ylides: A Strategy for Functionalizing Inert C–H and C=P Bonds to Generate Versatile Synthetic Building Blocks."**

This topic focuses on leveraging photoredox catalysis to unlock the latent reactivity of phosphorus ylides, enabling efficient transformations of inert bonds into valuable C–C and C=C bonds. It aligns with the goal of developing more controlled and efficient multicomponent reactions while addressing the limitations of traditional methodologies.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: One of the most transformative shifts in neuroimmune therapeutics is the concept of biomarker-guided, temporally targeted interventions. Unlike traditional continuous antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory regimens, which risk microbial resistance and systemic side effects, pulsed intervention protocols are designed to align treatment windows with episodes of acute or latent neuroinflammatory reactivation—often triggered by microbial translocation, seasonal pathogen re-exposure, or gut dysbiosis event
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: discuss: The present study provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of R. vomitoria stem bark extract in modulating the gut-brain axis and ameliorating AD-related pathology. Our findings demonstrate that R. vomitoria treatment at 0.5 g/kg body weight significantly improved gut microbiome composition, enhanced cognitive function, and reduced tau protein levels in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, supporting the emerging paradigm of targeting the gut-brain axis for neurodegenerative disease therapy.
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Sustainability of the Project
The sustainability of the Electronic Referral System depends on strategic planning and community involvement. Ensuring the availability of digital infrastructure, such as stable internet connectivity and data management systems, is essential for consistent functionality. Additionally, the empowerment of school health personnel and teaching staff through ongoing training will build long-term internal capacity for maintaining and utilizing the system efficiently.
Furthermore, fostering a culture of acceptance among students, parents, and school staff is crucial for system adoption. Engagement activities, awareness sessions, and localized information materials can bridge the gap between technical systems and real-world application. The collaboration of health and education departments, paired with public-private partnerships, will further enhance project longevity and alignment with national education and health policy priorities.

Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT):
Direct Usage:
Encrypts an image by transforming it into frequency sub-bands (LL, LH, HL, HH), where key-based modifications can be applied to specific sub-bands.
During decryption, the inverse operation (IDWT) reconstructs the original image.
Why Suitable:
The separation of low and high frequencies makes it easier to hide sensitive data or apply encryption on targeted regions.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Prior works have addressed robustness via Byzantine-
resilient aggregation [11], secure aggregation [12], and client
scoring [13], [14]. Yet, most approaches either assume reliable
links, neglect adversarial detection or do not embed trust
metrics into the resource scheduling process. For instance,
FedCSA [14] filters low-quality clients via thresholding but
lacks adaptive learning under dynamic wireless constraints.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Write a comprehensive literature review with references for a research paper titled 'AI in Loan and Insurance Underwriting' based on the provided research plan. Use journal articles, conference papers, and case studies as sources. Ensure the references are in APA style and include DOI links for each citation. The references must be from the years 2019-2024 and should cover the following key areas: Current applications of AI in loan and insurance underwriting, including automated credit scoring, fraud detection, risk profiling, and personalized pricing. with references
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: My research paprer is a Constructivist Grounded Approach to Study the Ethical Implications of AI Use in Human Resources Management . Here below are the research questions and research objective : 1.What are the primary ethical concerns associated with AI use in Human Resource Management, and how can a conceptual framework address these concerns? 2. How do algorithmic biases manifest in AI-driven HRM processes, and what strategies can mitigate them? 3. What are the implications of AI-driven data collection on employee privacy, and how can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection? 4. How can transparency and explainability be incorporated into AI-driven HRM systems to enhance trust and accountability? 5. What governance structures are necessary to ensure accountability when using AI in HRM? 6. How can ethical considerations be integrated into the deployment of AI systems in HRM? 7. What are the broader implications of ethical AI practices in HRM for organizational culture and employee well-being? Research Objectives: Objective 1: Identify and analyze key ethical issues associated with AI in HRM. Objective 2: Develop a comprehensive ethical framework integrating legal and ethical considerations. Objective 3: Provide practical guidelines for ethical AI deployment in HRM. Objective 4: Contribute to academic knowledge and inform policy development on ethical AI use in HRM. 

provide more specific examples of how ethical AI practices can be integrated into existing HRM systems and policies. How can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection, and what are the potential consequences of failing to do so?
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: prepare a presentation on the following topic What are the specific challenges and barriers that female South Asian students face in Canadian universities, and how can they be addressed? (Punjani et al. 2023)
How do cultural and social norms within South Asian communities contribute to the marginalization and exclusion of female students, and what role can educators and policymakers play in promoting gender equality? (Punjani et al. 2023)
What are the ways in which female South Asian students experience discrimination and harassment in academic and social settings, and how can institutions respond to these issues effectively? (Todorova et al. 2022)
How can educators and policymakers work to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for female South Asian students, and what strategies have been successful in promoting diversity and equity? (Todorova et al. 2022)
What are the implications of intersectional approaches to addressing the unique needs and experiences of female South Asian students, and how can these approaches be integrated into existing policies and programs? (Todorova et al. 2022)
How can educators and policymakers work to address the root causes of discrimination and exploitation, rather than just providing band-aid solutions or temporary fixes? (Todorova et al. 2022)
What role can community organizations and advocacy groups play in supporting female South Asian students and addressing the systemic issues that they face? (Meherali et al. 20211)
How can educators and policymakers work to promote critical thinking and media literacy around issues of gender, culture, and identity, and how can this help to challenge discriminatory attitudes and behaviors? (Meherali et al. 20212)
What are the ways in which female South Asian students can be empowered to speak out against discrimination and harassment, and how can educators and policymakers support them in this process? (Abji et al. 2021)
How can educators and policymakers work to create a more nuanced and inclusive understanding of the experiences of female South Asian students, one that takes into account the complex interplay of factors that shape their lives and experiences? (Kamanzi et al. 2021)
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: To determine if a person passing a wall on CCTV is the same before and after passing, we must first distinguish if it is a person and then if it is the same person. However, if the boundary for defining a person is too narrow in the process of distinguishing a person, it becomes difficult to determine if the person before and after passing is the same person. I am looking for a computer vision paper that proposes a methodology using not only the direction but also the magnitude of a vector to solve this problem. CVPR paper.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Performance Expectancy (PE) refers to the degree to which the person believes the use of the technology will enhance his or her job performance (U. Venkatesh et al., 2003). PE with a direct connection to professionals is usually linked to specific advantages such as efficient workflow, lower coding errors, and faster work completion (Tanantong et al., 2024). Relating to generative AI tools, students link PE to better learning in terms of learning programming concepts faster and learning to solve problems more effectively (Shao et al., 2024). Studies consistently find that the strongest technology acceptance and adoption intention predictor is PE (Diao et al., 2024), reiterating the importance of PE in the technology acceptance process.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Issue: Overproduction and Waste Management at Planet Organic 

 

Planet Organic is a UK-based retailer who sell organic food, natural health products, and eco-friendly household items. The company has built a reputation for promoting sustainability, but like many businesses, it faces challenges related to overproduction and waste management. This report will explore how overproduction and waste affect Planet Organic and suggest possible solutions to minimize these issues.  find reference
Subject: business
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: substantiate the following: there are many and varied usecases of pedestrian transportation layers. In particular, graph networks describing the pedestrian infrastructure and its connetivity can be used to simulate the traversals of different types of travelers with accuracy and reliability. The fields in which these graph networks and the accurately computed walk reach can be actively used include transportation planning, urban planning, architecture, landscape design, streetscape design, earth systems, accessibility, safety, sustainability, environmental justice, economic access and more.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Model Compression Techniques 


Representative protocols in this family include FedPAQ [ref], which applies quantization and sparsification to reduce the bit-width of gradients transmitted, and Top-K sparsification methods [ref] that transmit only the most significant model updates per round. While quantization reduces the data size by encoding gradients with fewer bits, sparsification selectively sends only a subset of gradient elements, which can yield higher compression but may require additional error compensation techniques to maintain accuracy.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: As I explore ways to reduce the environmental impact of battery production, I'd like to understand the extraction of raw materials in the battery lifecycle. Specifically, I'm interested in learning about the mining processes involved and the energy expenditure required for extraction. I'd also appreciate information on potential solutions to mitigate these effects, such as recycling methods and the integration of renewable energy sources. Please provide a detailed analysis of these aspects, including any relevant data or statistics, and outline the benefits and challenges associated with implementing these solutions. Structure your response in a clear and concise manner, using bullet points or numbered lists where applicable
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Rewrite the Related Work section to trace two key developments in automated algorithm design. Begin by examining Traditional Hyper-Heuristics (HHs), highlighting their reliance on human expertise and predefined templates, and their inherent limitations in exploring novel algorithmic structures. Then transition to Large Language Models (LLMs) in algorithm design, analyzing how frameworks like FunSearch and AlphaCode, while promising, remain constrained to generating single functions and still depend heavily on expert-designed templates. Throughout the section, emphasize how existing approaches, both traditional and LLM-based, fail to achieve true end-to-end automation and lack the capability for complete workflow generation and structural innovation. Use recent works (2021-2024) to illustrate these persistent limitations in automated algorithm design.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Give the reference 

AirComp-Based Aggregation (AirComp):
Representative protocols include the AirComp-FL framework [ref], which exploits the wireless channel's superposition property to aggregate updates simultaneously from many clients, and enhanced versions that incorporate precoding and power control to mitigate channel fading effects [ref]. While AirComp achieves ultra-low latency and bandwidth savings, it requires tight synchronization and accurate channel state information, distinguishing it from traditional sequential aggregation methods.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Compare the privacy practices of Apple Wallet and Google Wallet with an emphasis on how they protect user data. Explain why Apple Wallet offers better privacy compared to using physical cards. Additionally, analyze how Google Wallet handles privacy in a similar context, identifying any differences between the two. Conclude with a comparison of both digital wallets in terms of privacy advantages over physical card usage. Focus on technical details like encryption, data sharing policies, and device security. Return a concise, clear analysis.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Independence can be defined as the auditor's state of mind, his or her ability to make objective and unbiased decisions (Dykxhoorn and Sinning, 1982). Independence in appearance refers to 'the perception by a reasonable observer that the auditor has no relationship to the audit client that suggests a conflict of interest' (Pierce, 2006, p.93). In other words, independence in appearance indicates whether the auditor appears to be independent. According to Carmichael and Swieringa (cited in Jeppeson, 1998), 'the users' perceived independence of the individual auditor must be secured as well if the audit is going to be of value' (p.529). In this regard, the independence in appearance is important as independence in fact as the latter would be less significant if the users do not perceive that independence exists.
Subject: business
Intent: Other
Query: Kindly rewrite this below introduction in a more academic form 
Wireless networks are constantly evolving due to the growing demand for connectivity. The internet is expected to connect approximately 500 billion devices by 2030, therefore, designing advanced network architectures to integrate with various communication and innovative technologies is crucial. Moreover, AI and ML will play a critical role in designing and optimizing B5G wireless network architectures, protocols, and operations. The network infrastructure for Beyond 5G must be reliable and have low latency, with privacy and security as core principles
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Sure! Here are five chemical equations:

1. Combustion of methane:
   \[
   CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O
   \]

2. Neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:
   \[
   HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O
   \]

3. Decomposition of water by electrolysis:
   \[
   2H_2O \rightarrow 2H_2 + O_2
   \]

4. Rusting of iron (oxidation):
   \[
   4Fe + 3O_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 4Fe(OH)_3
   \]

5. Photosynthesis:
   \[
   6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2
   \]
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: can you please find papers on 
education agency in the Age of AI
AI systems can now analyze student behavior, predict learning outcomes, and make decisions on behalf of students, such as recommending resources or guiding them through personalized learning paths. While these systems can empower students with tailored learning experiences, they also risk reducing the role of students in the decision-making process, creating an environment where their agency is influenced, or even controlled, by technology.

Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: thanks. yes. Please assume that you are a technology and legal advisor. You are writing a book about the legal issues that are related to artificial intelligence. Please create a comprehensive and very detailed outline, in traditional outline format and with traditional outline numbering of each topic and subtopic, of all the legal issues that are related to 

administrative law and 

artificial intelligence, following the objectives and purposes I have just stated. Wherever possible, please cite to at least 7 documents on the web that are freely available,

including articles, websites, government websites and webpages, statutes, regulations, ordinances, constitutions, treaties, court decisions. 

international memorandums of understanding between or among governments, 

court decisions, decisions of administrative agencies,

that support or provide further information about each point in each subtopic of the outline. 


For each source that you present, please provide a live, working, clickable hyperlink that will allow the reader to access the source that you have provided. Please place each information source in the body of the outline, immediately below the subtopic to which it pertains. 

Thanks. Now, please expand the depth of the outline, while following the requirements I gave you earlier in this prompt. Thanks very much!!!


********************

Wherever possible, for each lowest-level subtopic in the outline, please cite to at least 10 documents on the web that are freely available,

including articles, websites, government websites and webpages, statutes, regulations, ordinances, constitutions, treaties, court decisions. 

international memorandums of understanding between or among governments, 

court decisions, decisions of administrative agencies,

that support or provide further information about each point in each subtopic of the outline. 

For each source that you present, please provide a live, working, clickable hyperlink that will allow the reader to access the source that you have provided. Please place each information source in the body of the outline, immediately below the subtopic to which it pertains. 
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The year 1908 saw the Bulgarians' long-held desire to break away from the Ottoman Empire realized. The event must be considered against the background of the collapse and political instability in Istanbul during the period, particularly immediately after the deposition of Sultan Abdul Hamid II by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). The internal upsets effectively immobilized any Ottoman efforts to impinge on Bulgarian independence. Indeed, the political climate not only made separation easy but also presented Bulgaria with the best opportunity to meet its demands more than ever before. In general, the aftermath of the Treaty of Berlin eroded Ottoman power and bolstered the Rumelian provinces simultaneously.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Studies on the use of images in wars, crises, and journalism have explored how visual media shapes public perception and influences the course of events. These images, particularly those depicting conflicts, are often pivotal in evoking emotional responses and mobilizing public opinion. Research highlights the evolving role of photojournalism, focusing on the ethics and challenges faced by photographers in capturing sensitive or violent moments. For example, in the context of wars, studies have analyzed the impact of images in creating narratives that either humanize or dehumanize the subjects. Photojournalism also faces ethical dilemmas, such as the balance between showing the reality of suffering and respecting the dignity of victims.
Furthermore, studies on images of wars and revolutions have emphasized how media outlets utilize these visuals to sway public opinion and shape political discourse, as seen in the case of major international crises
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: can you please find papers on this topic
Enhancement of Tractor Efficiency: Development of tractors with efficient engines and transmissions to enhance fuel efficiency, diminish fuel consumption, and mitigate emissions. Integration of advanced technologies such as turbocharging, intercooling, Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGT) High Pressure Common Rain (HPCR) Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI), and full power shifted stepped and power split (mechanical-hydraulic and, recently, on larger models, mechanical-electrical) stepless transmissions aids in optimizing power delivery while improving environmental sustainability (Bacenetti et al., 2018; Janulevičius et al., 2013; Lovarelli et al., 2018a) as the full electrification at this point is more focus on smaller size, less power demanding tractors.
Subject: agriculture
Intent: Paper Finding
Query:  Can you help me add the correct references to the appropriate places in my article? At least 3-5 references are required.：The SDI is a measure that accounts for lag-distributed income per capita, average years of schooling in individuals aged 15 years and older, and fertility rates in females under 25 years for each GBD location and year, ranging from zero (lowest) to one (highest)
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: By emphasizing factors like proximity to green spaces and noise reduction, the study underscores the potential of creating urban environments that actively promote mental health and well-being. These findings reinforce the critical role of data-driven approaches in urban planning, providing actionable guidance for policymakers to enhance the quality of life in cities. Future research may focus on incorporating broader datasets and real-time environmental monitoring tools to further refine predictions and adapt urban design to diverse contexts.

The integration of information technology into urban planning and design has become increasingly essential in addressing the challenges of modern cities. With growing urbanization and complex environmental pressures, traditional approaches to designing restorative spaces are often inadequate in capturing the dynamic interactions between people and their environments. Information technology, including tools like machine learning, big data analytics, and real-time environmental monitoring, allows for a more precise, data-driven understanding of factors that influence mental well-being. Such technologies enable planners to analyze large-scale datasets, uncover patterns, and make evidence-based decisions that can optimize urban spaces for restorativeness. Beyond analysis, information technology facilitates adaptive and responsive design solutions, such as real-time noise monitoring or the strategic placement of green spaces to maximize their impact. By embracing these advancements, urban designers and policymakers can create smarter, more restorative environments that address the evolving needs of urban populations.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: The indicator species analysis provides valuable insights into the relative abundance of specific AMF species across different crops and farming systems, which warrants further discussion. For instance, Scutellospora deserticola exhibited high relative abundance in organic mango soils, suggesting that organic farming practices may create favorable conditions for this species, potentially enhancing soil health and nutrient uptake in mango orchards. Similarly, Dominikia sp. was notably abundant in conventional citrus soils, indicating that certain AMF species can thrive under conventional farming conditions, possibly due to specific soil properties or management practices associated with citrus cultivation. Desertispora omaniana showed a high prevalence in conventional cucumber soils, highlighting its adaptability to conventional farming environments and its potential role in supporting cucumber growth. These findings underscore the complexity of AMF community dynamics and the significant impact of farming practices on AMF diversity. By exploring these species-specific responses, we can better understand the ecological roles of AMF in different agricultural systems and develop targeted strategies to optimize their benefits for sustainable crop production.
Subject: agriculture
Intent: Other
Query: Please write about related work in this part: Algorithm design represents a fundamental challenge in computer science, profoundly influencing scientific discovery, engineering innovation, and computational problem-solving. Algorithms serve as the core engines of modern systems, driving optimization, decision-making, and learning processes across diverse fields from bioinformatics to robotics and financial modeling. However, designing efficient algorithms for complex problems remains an intensive and time-consuming process, requiring extensive domain expertise, iterative manual refinement, and deep understanding of algorithmic paradigms. These challenges limit both the scalability of algorithm development and the exploration of unconventional or innovative algorithmic designs. Automating the entire workflow—from problem specification to optimized solution generation—promises to revolutionize this field, enabling faster innovation, broader accessibility, and discoveries beyond human intuition.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: In papers related to disasters, are there any papers that align with the following content? If possible, please provide those written in Japanese.

It is important to systematically organize tacit knowledge and document it as explicit knowledge. In this process, tacit knowledge is reorganized into structured information in the form of disaster prevention manuals, case studies, and disaster response protocols. Notably, the aim is to build an interdisciplinary knowledge system that integrates engineering approaches and social science perspectives. This integration enables the systematic organization of comprehensive disaster prevention knowledge that organically connects technical measures and social policies.

One of the important initiatives in the formalization of knowledge is the structuring of knowledge related to each phase of disaster response (prevention, emergency response, recovery and reconstruction). For example, in the prevention phase, knowledge related to specific activities such as the creation and utilization of hazard maps, planning and implementation methods for evacuation drills, and the design of disaster prevention education programs is systematized. In the emergency response phase, knowledge related to emergency responses such as the establishment and operation of disaster response headquarters, the opening and management of evacuation centers, and the procurement and distribution of relief supplies is organized. In the recovery and reconstruction phase, knowledge for long-term responses such as the operation of support systems for disaster victims, infrastructure recovery plans, and community rebuilding support is systematized.
Subject: disaster management
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: find papers on using AI in airport security, including airport operations, law enforcement in and around airports and cybersecurity in airports and around national critical infrastructure. summarize papers into a formatted table and create all in to annotated bibliographies, create a reference using CMOS. Do not use any papers related to Drones or Digital Twin. Again, DO NOT provide ANY information related to these items:

•	Georgia Lykou, Argiro Anagnostopoulou, D. Gritzalis. Smart Airport Cybersecurity: Threat Mitigation and Cyber Resilience Controls †. 2018. Italian National Conference on Sensors.
•	Georgia Lykou, Dimitrios Moustakas, D. Gritzalis. Defending Airports from UAS: A Survey on Cyber-Attacks and Counter-Drone Sensing Technologies. 2020. Italian National Conference on Sensors.
•	Abraham Itzhak Weinberg. The Role and Applications of Airport Digital Twin in Cyberattack Protection during the Generative AI Era. 2024. arXiv.org.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: 3. Myristicin in Nanotechnology and Advanced Formulations
3.1	Myristicin-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery 
o	Types of Nanoparticles: Liposomes, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, etc.
o	Enhancing Solubility and Bioavailability of Myristicin   
o	Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
 write review literature of this topic subheading wise 
Subject: nanotechnology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Mitochondria are energy factories within cells, responsible for the production of ATP, but also play a key role in regulating the cell's REDOX balance. Excess Cu2+ enters the cell, binds to specific proteins on the mitochondrial membrane, interferes with the normal electron transport chain, and thus affects the function of the mitochondria. This interference not only reduces energy production, but also leads to electron leakage, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has catalyzed the growth of data-driven applications, necessitating efficient data processing frameworks. The Cloud-to-Thing Continuum, encompassing cloud, fog, and edge computing, offers a distributed architecture to handle massive data while meeting latency, energy efficiency, and resource utilization demands. However, the scale and complexity of such systems pose significant challenges in resource management.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Sentiment analysis has emerged as a salient method for understanding how travellers and local residents negotiate destination image, share experiences, and articulate concerns about issues like environmental degradation or cultural preservation (Borrajo-Millan et al. 2021). Early applications often relied on machine-learning classifiers trained on product reviews, but the domain has expanded to include lexicon-based and hybrid methods suited to social media data (Cambria et al. 2014). Studies indicate that lexicon-based tools can facilitate near-real-time monitoring of public attitudes, a feature especially pertinent for destinations grappling with reputational management. Within tourism contexts, sentiment analysis has been applied to data from platforms like TripAdvisor, Twitter, and Instagram to gauge traveller satisfaction or highlight prevalent criticisms. However, Reddit and Facebook remain comparatively underexplored, despite their large user bases and discussion-driven features. Recent research has stressed the importance of exploring longer-form content found on platforms like Reddit, where users often engage in more critical or reflective discourse (Dankulov et al. 2025). Hence, employing sentiment analysis across multiple social media channels can yield a richer understanding of how diverse audiences perceive a region’s cultural identity, tourist offerings, and social challenges
Subject: tourism studies
Intent: Other
Query: Leveraging cyber threat intelligence for a dynamic risk framework
Automation by using a semantic reasoner and a new combination of standards (STIX™, SWRL
and OWL)

Abstract
One of the most important goals in an organization is to have risks under an acceptance level along the time. All organizations
are exposed to real-time security threats that could have an impact on their risk exposure levels harming the entire organization,
their customers and their reputation. New emerging techniques, tactics and procedures (TTP) which remain undetected, the
complexity and decentralization of organization assets, the great number of vulnerabilities proportional to the number of new
type of devices (IoT) or still the high number of false positives, are only some examples of real risks for any organization.
Risk management frameworks are not integrated and automated with near real-time (NRT) risk-related cybersecurity threat
intelligence (CTI) information. The contribution of this paper is an integrated architecture based on the Web Ontology
Language (OWL), a semantic reasoner and the use of Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) to approach a Dynamic
Risk Assessment and Management (DRA/DRM) framework at all levels (operational, tactic and strategic). To enable such
a dynamic, NRT and more realistic risk assessment and management processes, we created a new semantic version of
STIX™v2.0 for cyber threat intelligence as it is becoming a de facto standard for structured threat information exchange. We
selected an international leading organization in cybersecurity to demonstrate new dynamic ways to support decision making
at all levels while being under attack. Semantic reasoners could be our ideal partners to fight against threats having risks under
control along the time, for that, they need to understand the data. Our proposal uses an unprecedented mix of standards to
cover all levels of a DRM and ensure easier adoption by users.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: "Identify and analyze the single most effective cognitive enhancer across all categories (lifestyle factors, natural supplements, synthetic compounds, including caffeine), focusing on:

1. Quantitative Comparison
- Effect sizes from meta-analyses and systematic reviews
- Speed of onset and duration of effects
- Consistency of benefits across different cognitive domains:
  * Memory
  * Focus
  * Processing speed
  * Learning ability
  * Mental clarity

2. Practical Considerations
- Safety profile and side effects
- Cost-effectiveness
- Ease of implementation/adherence
- Sustainability of benefits
- Accessibility and legality

3. Scientific Evidence Quality
- Strength of research methodology
- Sample sizes and study duration
- Replication of results
- Control for placebo effects
- Publication bias assessment

4. Population Specifics
- Effectiveness across different age groups
- Individual variation in response
- Genetic factors affecting response
- Health status considerations

Request data from the last 5 years of research with particular emphasis on direct comparative studies between different cognitive enhancers."
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Performance Metrics
	Mean Squared Error (MSE)
MSE measures the average of the squares of the errors between the predicted values (\widehat{y_i} )and the actual values (y_i):
MSE=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(y_i-\widehat{y_i}\right)^2
Where:
	n is the total number of observations,
	y_i is the actual value for observation ii,
	\widehat{y_i} is the predicted value for observation i.
	Benefits:
	Penalizes Larger Errors: Squaring the errors emphasizes larger deviations, making MSE sensitive to outliers.
	Differentiable: Useful for gradient-based optimization algorithms during model training.

Subject: math
Intent: Other
Query: When it comes to self-focus, which is a maintaining factor of social anxiety disorder, it has been pointed out that individuals adopt a mental perspective known as the “observer perspective (Observer perspective: O perspective).” Additionally, the “Field perspective (F-perspective)” and “Detached Mindfulness perspective (DM-perspective)” are also known. Please conduct research on these three mental perspectives. The timeframe should be from 1990 to 2025. Both domestic and international studies are acceptable. Specifically, I am interested in the relationship between self-focus and mental perspectives in social anxiety disorder, as well as their connection to other maintenance factors of social anxiety.
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Highlight the traditional view of Romantic poets as eco-centric and nature-revering then Introduce the argument: Romantic poetry is anthropocentric, portraying nature as subordinate to human experiences, emotions, and philosophical concerns.
Briefly mention the key poets and theories that will guide the review (e.g., Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, and theories like ecocriticism, posthumanism).

Subject: literature
Intent: Other
Query: Read the LLAMA 3 paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.21783

Analyze the paper and provide a high-level answer and reasoning around these questions:

- What's the current state of parallelism in training the LLAMA 3 model?
- What % of data is trained in parallel vs. sequential? i.e., what's the batch size and other factors?
- What % of data will be trained in parallel vs. sequential in 3 years?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: The question concerns the definition of the magnetic field created by a current distributed with uniform density over the cross-section of a semi-cylindrical conductor. This conductor is non-magnetic and is located in the air.
A conductive busbar of semi-cylindrical cross-section, made of a material with magnetic permeability . The semi-cylindrical surface of length L and radius R is located horizontally and its inner surface is directed along the Z axis (the Z axis is directed towards us). Current I flows along the busbar in the direction of the Z axis, distributed with uniform density over the cross-section. How can we find the magnetic field induction at the upper left point of the semi-cylindrical cross-section?
Subject: physics
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Movement speed of extracellular vesicles: The movement speed of extracellular vesicles in blood is relatively fast, but the specific value is difficult to quantify because they are affected by many factors such as blood circulation, local microenvironment, and the biophysical properties of the vesicles themselves. It has been shown that the half-life of exosomes in the blood circulation is very short, only a few minutes, suggesting that they have a short residence time in the blood and are quickly removed by phagocytes in the body.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: The outer envelope protein plays a crucial role in autophagy in plants under salt stress and in chlorophagy. Studies have shown that the outer envelope protein is involved in the formation of autophagy-related structures, such as stromules and autophagosomes, which are essential for the degradation of chloroplastic proteins and other cellular components ( 

([0])([4])([7])
).

In plants under salt stress, the outer envelope protein is involved in the regulation of autophagy-related structures, such as the formation of autophagosomes and the degradation of chloroplastic proteins ( 

([1])([2])([4])
). For example, a study on Bienertia sinuspersici found that under oxidative stress, narrow tubules (stromule-like
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: To improve the website's search visibility and reach, the following actions are recommended:
•	Keyword Optimization: Research and implementation of high-impact keywords tailored to E-learning.
•	Technical SEO Enhancements: Site speed optimization, XML sitemaps, and structured data markup to improve indexing.
•	Content Marketing Strategy: Regularly updated blog posts, educational resources, and interactive media to engage users.
•	Backlink Building: Partnering with authoritative sites, educational institutions, and tourism organizations for credible link-building.
•	Local SEO Focus: Google My Business optimization, location-based keyword targeting, and integration with local directories.

Subject: marketing
Intent: Other
Query: write only one paragraph answering this topic: 

Write an essay comparing the integration of technology in rural and urban schools. Discuss disparities in access and infrastructure, and examine strategies to address challenges unique to each setting. 

Addressing these disparities requires targeted efforts from governments, educational institutions, and private sectors to ensure all students, regardless of location, have equal access to technology for their educational success.  

Use in text citations and give a list of full sources at the end
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 1.3	Nanotechnology as a Solution for Bioavailability Enhancement
 Introduction to Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery (Definition, advantages in drug delivery)
Rationale for Using Nanotechnology with Quercetin (Overcoming bioavailability limitations, targeted delivery)
Overview of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (Briefly introduce types of nanocarriers that will be discussed)
 write content 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: this recent research uses machine learning to make job analysis. recommend relevant papers which applies large language model-based or machine learning-based techniques to conduct job analysis.
Koenig, N., Tonidandel, S., Thompson, I., Albritton, B., Koohifar, F., Yankov, G., Speer, A., Hardy Iii, J. H., Gibson, C., Frost, C., Liu, M., McNeney, D., Capman, J., Lowery, S., Kitching, M., Nimbkar, A., Boyce, A., Sun, T., Guo, F., Min, H., Zhang, B., Lebanoff, L., Phillips, H., & Newton, C. (2023, 2023/12/01). Improving measurement and prediction in personnel selection through the application of machine learning. Personnel Psychology, 76(4), 1061-1123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12608 
Subject: psychology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: def calculate_tf_idf(profiles: list[tuple[str, list[str]]], keyword_df: dict, total_documents: int) -> dict:
    """
    Calculates the TF-IDF scores for keywords in provided profiles.

    :param profiles: Profiles list mapping emails to lists of keywords.
    :param keyword_df: Dictionary mapping ADG keywords to their document frequencies.
    :param total_documents: Total number of documents in the dataset.
    :return: Dictionary mapping emails to dictionaries of keywords and their TF-IDF scores.
    """
    idf = {
        keyword: math.log((1 + total_documents) / (1 + df)) + 1
        for keyword, df in keyword_df.items()
    }

    tf_idf = defaultdict(dict)

    for email, keywords in profiles:
        keyword_counts = Counter(keywords)
        total_keywords = len(keywords)

        if total_keywords == 0:
            continue

        for keyword, count in keyword_counts.items():
            tf = count / total_keywords
            tf_idf[email][keyword] = tf * idf[keyword.lower()]

    return tf_idf

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) relies on argonaute proteins to control gene expression by binding short RNAs (miRNAs, for example). While the MID domain interacts with the 5' phosphate of short RNAs, the PAZ domain anchors the 3' end. The PIWI domain, with RNase H-like activity, is essential for target RNA cleavage
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into business processes has revolutionized the way organizations operate, offering unprecedented opportunities for efficiency, innovation, and growth. However, this technological advancement is not without its ethical challenges. As AI systems become more pervasive in business environments, it is imperative to examine the moral implications associated with their use criteria.

 Explore the key ethical concerns surrounding the deployment of AI in business processes, including discrimination, privacy, transparency, autonomy, accountability, and environmental impact.
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: "I’m particularly interested in the challenges of implementing systems like Personal Health Train (PHT), Federated Learning (FL), or Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) in the context of ensuring compliance with informed consent and maintaining data anonymity. In this regard, I’m curious about the potential applications of group signatures within these systems.

Specifically:

How could group signatures be used to enhance patient consent mechanisms, ensuring both accountability and anonymity when accessing sensitive medical data?
Could group signatures play a role in securely verifying participating entities or researchers in a decentralized analysis framework while preserving their privacy?
Are there any existing studies or prototypes where group signatures have been integrated into privacy-preserving data-sharing architectures?
I would love to hear your insights or learn about any relevant research in this area."**
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly federated learning (FL), present an opportunity to optimize resource allocation in these systems. FL enables decentralized training of AI models across edge and fog nodes, promoting privacy preservation and leveraging local computational resources. This research aims to integrate FL-driven optimization algorithms into the DISSECT-CF-Fog simulation environment, addressing key challenges in the Cloud-to-Thing Continuum.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Silicates can react with various substances, including acids, bases, and certain metals. When silicates react with acids, they can produce silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and salts. For example, when reacting with hydrochloric acid, sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) can form silicon dioxide and sodium chloride. Silicates can also react with certain metals at high temperatures to form complex compounds or alloys.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Data Curriculum for Progressive Learning: Develop a framework where models can learn progressively more complex or diverse data patterns as training progresses, akin to a human "curriculum." This could involve clustering or ranking data samples in such a way that simpler patterns are learned first, followed by increasingly difficult or abstract examples. By doing so, you could explore whether data "difficulty" or "novelty" can be a key factor in improving model generalization across domains.

Above is my idea, does it being resaerched before?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation