allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: In the patlak analysis of dynamic PET, in order to obtain a complete input function, prolonged scanning can cause discomfort to patients. Therefore, we have come up with a method to shorten the scanning time - that is, to estimate the missing input function in the middle based on the input functions obtained from the early and late scans. Now we need to write an introduction of an article, which needs to discuss the methods used in previous studies to shorten scan protocol while completing parametric imaging tasks.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Write a literature review on how data assets information disclosure promotes dual innovation in enterprises, citing more than ten references in both Chinese and English. Additionally, outline the process for proposing four hypotheses:
Data assets information disclosure promotes dual innovation in enterprises.
Data assets information disclosure promotes dual innovation in enterprises by increasing innovation and R&D investment.
Data assets information disclosure promotes dual innovation in enterprises by reducing financing costs.
Data assets information disclosure promotes dual innovation in enterprises by upgrading human capital.
The review should be logically structured and the word count should be sufficient.
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Utilizing the identified MPs, malignant cell subsets are annotated, delineating cellular heterogeneity within tumors and constructing a comprehensive cell-cell communication (CCC) network among malignant cells. By comparing CCC results across different drug efficacy groups, we identified subpopulations mediating the most frequent signaling in various tumor cell states, suggesting their critical roles in aberrant tumor activation and progression. For each drug-related sample, malignant cells were aggregated, and cell subpopulations were annotated through metaprograms. Drug efficacy groupings were incorporated into cell annotations to account for heterogeneity information. As depicted in Figure 2, significant differences between cells were distinguished by "effective" and "ineffective" classifications within the sample groups.   just paraphrase this paragraph
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: I write a paper titled DefectDiffusion: Two stages for Defect Image generation with Diffusion Model. Please help me revise the following abstract. Abstract: Anomaly detection is essential in industrial production; however, the performance of current methods is limited by the scarcity of anomaly data. Existing defect generation models predominantly depend on defect images and their associated labels, thereby relying on a single data modality. This constraint results in models that lack the requisite external knowledge to guide the generation of anomaly samples, which in turn compromises the authenticity of the synthesized samples and impedes the accurate replication of complex defect characteristics found in real-world settings. Furthermore, diffusion models that utilize fine-tuning techniques often generate images with coarse granularity, exacerbating the discrepancy between synthetic and real defect images. To address these issues, we propose DefectDiffusion, an advanced two-stage anomaly generation model based on diffusion processes, aimed at improving the quality of synthetic anomaly samples by incorporating multimodal information. In the initial stage, we exploit the multimodal capabilities of the GPT-4 model, augmented by manual design, to generate textual descriptions of defect images, thereby converting unimodal defect images into a multimodal format enriched with textual annotations. In the second stage, we enhance the generation process by fine-tuning the diffusion models using large-scale datasets to provide a more informed generation process. A fine-tuning network is then applied to refine the coarse-grained defect images produced in the first stage, facilitating the creation of fine-grained, high-quality defect images. Comprehensive experimental results show that DefectDiffusion surpasses existing approaches in terms of both the diversity and realism of the generated defect images, leading to a substantial improvement in the performance of downstream anomaly detection tasks.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. the following are backgound. Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a common complication of osteoporosis and multiple myeloma. Early diagnosis and differentiation between primary osteoporosis (PO) and multiple myeloma (MM) are crucial for appropriate treatment planning. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as radiology and clinical evaluation, may not always provide definitive answers due to overlapping symptoms and limitations in imaging techniques. The current status of ML and DL-assisted research on the diagnosis of disease is rapidly evolving.Small language models are lightweight and efficient, making them suitable for deployment on edge devices or in resource-constrained environments. These models can be fine-tuned for specific medical tasks, such as text classification or named entity recognition, using small amounts of labeled data.Decentralized federated learning is a privacy-preserving approach that allows multiple institutions to collaboratively train models while keeping their data localized. This method is particularly useful for medical applications, where sensitive data needs to be protected. Combining small language models with decentralized federated learning is a promising approach for medical applications. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. By leveraging the strengths of both technologies, we aim to improve patient outcomes, reduce costs, and promote collaboration and knowledge sharing among institutions. Please rephrase it for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: These findings underscore the pivotal role of miRNAs, such as miR-146a and miR-212, in modulating immune responses and hormonal regulation during the postpartum period. They also highlight the importance of understanding miRNA-mediated mechanisms to unravel the complex interplay between immune dysfunction, hormonal changes, and mood disorders in postpartum mental health. Further research into these molecular pathways could provide valuable insights for developing targeted therapies for postpartum psychosis and bipolar disorder.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Moreover, the administration of external ds-miR-132 led to a marked enhancement in the expression levels of glutamate receptor subtypes, including NR2A, NR2B, and GluR1. This finding suggests that miR-132 plays a pivotal role in positively regulating the abundance of postsynaptic proteins. Such an increase in postsynaptic receptor expression highlights the potential of miR-132 to contribute to synaptic strengthening and plasticity, which are crucial for efficient neural communication and cognitive function.
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: How can I craft the ultimate prompt for a GPT to act as a thought partner, letting me ramble freely while it organizes my ideas into actionable insights? I want to unlock the model’s full potential with advanced techniques, ensuring depth, creativity, and practical results. Please avoid mentioning previously discussed strategies (e.g., role-playing, chain-of-thought, mind mapping, summarizing, categorizing, output primers, persona modifiers, conclusions, or delimiters). Instead, focus on deeper, more advanced strategies or innovative techniques that build on these ideas.

For example:
	•	Introduce multi-phase prompts: Design a process where GPT cycles through stages like ‘Explore,’ ‘Connect,’ ‘Synthesize,’ and ‘Apply,’ adding depth at each phase.
	•	Suggest iterative prompting: Create prompts that refine ideas over multiple exchanges, encouraging self-feedback loops.
	•	Explain how to use contextual priming: Embed hidden context or goals in the conversation to guide GPT’s responses subtly.
	•	Propose integration with external frameworks: Show how to structure prompts for brainstorming using frameworks like SWOT analysis, mind palaces, or systems thinking.
	•	Explore meta-prompting: Write a self-referential prompt that teaches GPT to improve its own outputs over the course of a conversation.
	•	Offer examples of scenario-based prompts: Ask GPT to simulate specific scenarios or roles to challenge and expand the ideas being discussed.
	•	Include dynamic prompting strategies: Use layered prompts that evolve based on GPT’s responses, ensuring continuous depth and novelty.

Build on these ideas to go far beyond surface-level responses. Add concrete examples, innovative techniques, and any advanced methods that push the limits of GPT’s capabilities as a creative springboard for organizing my thoughts.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Utilitarianism, an ethical theory that prioritizes the greatest good for the largest number of people, provides a strong moral foundation for the argument in favor of polio vaccination. According to utilitarian principles, public health initiatives like polio vaccination should focus on maximizing benefits for society at large, even if this requires limiting the rights of a few individuals. In this case, vaccinating children against polio, even in the face of parental resistance, can be justified if it contributes to the collective well-being by preventing widespread outbreaks of the disease.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: To produce Fe-15Mn-0.54C alloys with varying Al content that are easy to melt and exhibit martensite during rolling, here are some compositions you can consider:

1. **Fe-15Mn-0.54C-8Al**
2. **Fe-15Mn-0.54C-10Al**
3. **Fe-15Mn-0.54C-12Al**
4. **Fe-15Mn-0.54C-14Al**

These compositions should allow for the formation of martensite during the rolling process while maintaining ease of melting. Adjusting the aluminum content will influence the stability of the martensitic phase, so you may need to experiment slightly to find the optimal balance for your specific processing conditions.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Create a chapter for a research-backed mental health book aimed at youth and young adults. Topic: "Sleep, Exercise & Nutrition: The Mental Health Triangle". Requirements:

Style: Blend academic rigor with accessible language suitable for readers aged 15-25. Maintain a professional yet engaging tone.
Structure:
Opening hook with relevant statistics/research
Clear explanation of key concepts. 
THE TOPIC IS "Sleep, Exercise & Nutrition: The Mental Health Triangle"

Global perspective with cultural variations
Evidence-based impacts on mental health
Practical solutions and coping strategies
Actionable takeaways
Content must include:
Recent research findings with citations (post-2019)
Global statistics and cultural perspectives
Expert insights and studies
Real-world implications
Evidence-based interventions
Citations needed from:
Peer-reviewed journals
Major health organizations
Recent academic studies
Reputable mental health institutions
Tone guidelines:
Avoid overly clinical language
Use clear examples
Include relevant context
Balance scientific accuracy with readability
Maintain hope while acknowledging challenges
Chapter length: 2500-3000 words.

Please include all references in APA format.

Objective

Your task is to write a chapter for a book focused on youth mental health FOR WHICH THE TOPIC IS ABOUT "Sleep, Exercise & Nutrition: The Mental Health Triangle" The chapter should be scientifically accurate, well-researched, and provide a solid background for the various statements and lines included. The goal is to create a valuable and informative resource for youth, parents, educators, and mental health professionals
Subject: psychology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: offer a comprehensive case study on how a Digital Twin can be constructed for a CNC machining process using a stepwise integration of sensor networks, MATLAB/Simulink modeling, and DAQ systems. The physical setup captured live data such as spindle torque and feed rate, while the digital counterpart allowed simulation-based optimization. This tight coupling created a feedback-enabled system for process validation and early anomaly detection, forming a practical blueprint for beginners building DTs from the ground up.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The reflective nature of the human eye is an underappreciated source of information about what the world around
us looks like. By imaging the eyes of a moving person, we
capture multiple views of a scene outside the camera’s direct line of sight through the reflections in the eyes. In this
paper, we reconstruct a radiance field beyond the camera’s
line of sight using portrait images containing eye reflections. This task is challenging due to 1) the difficulty of accurately estimating eye poses and 2) the entangled appearance of the iris textures and the scene reflections. To address
these, our method jointly optimizes the cornea poses, the radiance field depicting the scene, and the observer’s eye iris
texture. We further present a regularization prior on the iris
texture to improve scene reconstruction quality. Through
various experiments on synthetic and real-world captures
featuring people with varied eye colors, and lighting conditions, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to
recover the radiance field using cornea reflections.
 summarize
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: The topic I am working on now is: Research on key technologies of multi-language emotional companionship large model intelligent agent based on mind theory.
Could you please help me find about 10+ related papers in the past three years, on multi-modal multi-language large models, emotional companionship large models, emotional companionship intelligent agents and other related directions?

And write a [related work] based on the papers found
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm is a non-parametric method used for classification and regression. In the context of regression, the output is the average of the values of its k nearest neighbors in the feature space  ().. 
\hat{X}=\frac{1}{k}\sum_{i=1}^{k}X_i
Where:
	\hat{X} is the predicted value,
	X_iare the target values of the kk nearest neighbors.

This model was included due to its simplicity and effectiveness in modeling local data structures. It is particularly useful for capturing patterns in data where similar input features lead to similar output responses, which is often the case in environmental measurements.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Reinforcement Learning (RL), as a paradigm for learning optimal policies through trial-and-error interactions with an environment, has demonstrated significant capabilities across various domains. However, when confronted with increasingly complex real-world tasks, traditional RL approaches reveal inherent limitations. Key challenges include: low sample efficiency, where agents require extensive interaction with the environment to learn effective policies, which is often prohibitively costly or time-consuming in practical settings; the sparse reward problem, where infrequent or ambiguous feedback signals from the environment make it difficult for agents to discern correct actions, leading to slow or even stalled learning processes; and difficulties in effectively processing information and performing long-term planning in high-dimensional state spaces, which limits their ability to handle complex scenarios. These bottlenecks significantly hinder the practical deployment of traditional RL in broader, more complex application contexts.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: This hormone subsequently stimulates the production of glucocorticoids (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in animals) by the adrenal glands. Corticosterone binds to two specific receptor types: glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs). Achieving an adequate balance between these two receptors is essential for sustaining homeostasis and mental stability.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase Significances of RESEARCH STRATEGY in seperate SPECIFIC AIMS for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: Give a few theoretical frameworks to work on a project with the following objectives:

1.	Develop and Implement a Common Syllabus and Competency-Based Teaching Approach: Syllabi will be standardized to establish clear, competency-based learning objectives in foundational courses (e.g., CE 240/L, CE 340/L, AM 316) for the sake of consistency and alignment of course evaluation and assessment across sections while emphasizing mastery of content. .
2.	Incorporate Equity-Based Pedagogies and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Principles: Train faculty to design and deliver courses using equity-focused and UDL approaches, ensuring that all course materials, assessments, and activities are accessible and inclusive for diverse student populations.
3.	Implement Equitable and Transparent Assessment Practices: Redesign assessments to reduce bias, emphasize student growth, and provide multiple pathways for students to demonstrate mastery, while fostering an environment of fairness and inclusion. 
4.	Build Faculty Capacity Through Professional Development and Collaborative Practice: Establish a robust faculty development program that integrates professional development opportunities, mentorship, and a Community of Practice to support lecturers and tenure-track faculty in adopting innovative teaching methods, addressing equity gaps, and collaboratively refining pedagogical strategies to improve student outcomes. 
5.	Track and Analyze Short-Term Impacts: Implement a robust data collection and analysis framework to monitor the effectiveness of interventions on reducing DFU rates, improving equity, and enhancing both student and faculty performance over time.

Subject: education
Intent: Ideation
Query: can you please find papers on this topic
As generative AI technologies become more integrated into educational systems, they introduce new challenges and complexities regarding academic integrity. Traditionally, academic integrity in education has centered around ensuring that students' work is original, that it reflects their own understanding, and that it is free from cheating, plagiarism, and other forms of dishonesty. However, as AI tools capable of generating high-quality content are increasingly used by students, the boundary between legitimate academic work and unethical practices is becoming increasingly blurred.
In this context, academic integrity faces a unique challenge. How can educators trust that students’ work is genuinely their own when AI technologies can assist—or even fully produce—assignments and assessments? Moreover, as AI tools evolve to produce content that is indistinguishable from human-generated work, what mechanisms can be put in place to ensure that students are being evaluated fairly and ethically, in line with traditional standards of academic honesty?
This section explores the key challenges to academic integrity posed by AI-driven evaluations and offers insights into how educational institutions can navigate these concerns while leveraging AI’s potential to enhance teaching and learning.

Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Insula connectivity during task is altered in social anxiety disorder (SAD), while insula connectivity during resting-state was not related SAD. Please suggest the plausible explanation. (but note that Another study investigated the functional connectivity of the insula during resting-state in SAD patients and found altered connectivity patterns (Quarto et al. 2016). Specifically, the study found that the insula was hyperconnected with the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which are brain regions involved in the processing of emotional information and the regulation of the autonomic nervous system (Quarto et al. 2016).)
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: - Role: Expert in Physics Research Literature Retrieval - Background: The user is conducting in-depth research in the field of ionization of  krypton atoms in intense laser fields and is seeking relevant academic literature and materials as a research foundation. - Profile: You are an expert in the field of physics, particularly in the area of intense laser field ionization, with extensive experience in literature retrieval. You are adept at using various databases and tools to locate and filter relevant literature. - Skills: You possess efficient information retrieval skills, are familiar with various academic databases and search engines, and can accurately understand user needs to quickly pinpoint high-quality research literature. - Goals: To provide the user with a series of high-quality academic literature related to the field of above-threshold ionization of xenon atoms in intense laser fields. - Constrains: The retrieved literature must be authoritative academic publications, including but not limited to journal articles, conference papers, and dissertations, ensuring the scientific and reliable nature of the literature. - OutputFormat: Provide information such as the title of the literature, authors, publication year, journal name, DOI, or URL link. - Workflow: 1. Identify retrieval keywords, such as "intense laser field ionization," "xenon atoms," "above-threshold ionization," etc. 2. Access academic databases and search engines, such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc., and retrieve using keywords. 3. Filter and evaluate the retrieval results, selecting the most relevant literature to the research topic. 4. Extract key information from the literature and sort it by relevance. - Examples: - Reference 1: "Above-threshold ionization of xenon atoms in intense laser fields", Authors: [Name], Published in: [Journal Name], Year: [Publication Year], DOI: [DOI Link] - Reference 2: "Multiphoton ionization of xenon in strong laser fields", Authors: [Name], Published in: [Journal Name], Year: [Publication Year], DOI: [DOI Link] - Initialization: Hello, I am a professional expert in physics research literature retrieval. To help you find relevant literature in the field of above-threshold ionization of xenon atoms in intense laser fields, please let me know what specific information you need, or if there are any particular keywords and requirements.
Subject: physics
Intent: Other
Query: Formalized proof refers to the use of logical frameworks and computer-assisted tools to rigorously verify mathematical theorems and properties. Unlike traditional proofs, which rely on human intuition and reasoning, formalized proofs are written in a precise, machine-readable language and checked for correctness using proof assistants such as Lean, Coq, or Isabelle. This approach ensures absolute rigor, eliminating ambiguities and potential errors in reasoning.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Contemporary scholarship increasingly acknowledges that social media platforms operate as digital spaces where cultural identity and tourism intersect (Buhalis, 2020; Sigala, 2022). These platforms have reshaped how destinations are perceived and promoted, moving beyond traditional marketing channels and allowing user-generated content to influence regional branding. According to Buhalis (2020), technology-mediated travel experiences encourage co-creation processes in which locals and tourists collaboratively frame a destination’s image. By providing real-time accounts of local festivals, natural attractions, or cultural practices, social media narratives become an influential force in shaping public sentiment (Jiang et al., 2021). Dalmatia and the Montenegrin coast—both located on the eastern Adriatic shoreline—are recognized as emerging yet culturally significant areas for tourism (Magaš, 2021). While Dalmatia has a well-established tourism infrastructure and a strong legacy of international visitation, the Montenegrin coastline has experienced a rapid surge in popularity over the past decade, spurred by policy reforms and international marketing (Filipović, 2021). Comparative studies of coastal tourism in Southeastern Europe highlight that these regions encounter parallel challenges, including environmental sustainability, seasonal overtourism, and socio-cultural shifts (Marušić et al., 2022). However, differences exist in governance structures and the pace of development, suggesting that sentiment analyses should account for these contextual nuances.
Subject: tourism studies
Intent: Other
Query: can you please find papers on this topic

Powertrain mechanical losses occur due to friction and inefficiency in the drivetrain components, which results in a reduction of the power transmitted from the engine to the wheels. Rolling resistance power losses arise from the deformation of the tires as they roll over the ground, which dissipates energy primarily as heat. Tire slip power losses occur when the tire slips relative to the ground, leading to increased frictional losses and a reduction in the efficiency of the power transmission from the engine to the tractor's forward motion.


Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Silicates can react with various substances. Common reactions include:

1. **Acids**: Silicates can react with acids to form silicic acid and salts. For example:
   \[
   Na_2SiO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow H_4SiO_4 + 2NaCl
   \]

2. **Water**: Under certain conditions, silicates can react with water, especially in the presence of carbon dioxide, forming soluble silicates or silica gel:
   \[
   Mg_2SiO_4 + 4H_2O + 2CO_2 \rightarrow 2MgCO_3 + H_4SiO_4
   \]

3. **Alkalis**: Silicates can react with alkalis to form hydroxides and silicate ions. For instance:
   \[
   SiO_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SiO_3 + H_2O
   \]

These reactions depend on factors such as temperature, pressure, and the specific composition of the silicate material.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Cross-border platform work in the EU presents complex challenges for labor law, social security, and taxation (Vukorepa, 2020; Lhernould, 2020). It raises concerns about undeclared work and the application of free movement regulations (Lhernould, 2020). The prevalence of platform work varies across EU countries, with approximately 4.3% of the working-age population engaged in such work (Piasna et al., 2022). Platform workers often face precarious conditions and unclear employment status (Kilhoffer, 2019; Aloisi, 2020, 2022).
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: Efforts to promote language and literacy education similarly follows this, encouraging the development and implementation of programs beyond the classroom and into the communities and into the families. These efforts recognize that literacy is not limited with reading and writing skills, but also in equipping individuals with diverse yet functional skills necessary to navigate society and engage with information critically. Because of this diversity, language and literacy education program takes many forms, reflecting how learner’s needs vary across contexts. 
Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: you know


Communication Requirements in 5G-Enabled Healthcare Applications: Review and Considerations paper? i am working in a phd on smart cities and i am collecting data on QoS requirements and PKIs and network requirements and service level requirements of different possible smart city services the paper i gave you is about healthcare and it gives exactly what i need i am searching for similar papers but for other services like smart grid, smart homes, smart agriculture, smart transportation, industry 4.0, and similar stuff so i get service and their requirements 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Demographics and Socioeconomic Data
Population Statistics: Breakdown by age, race/ethnicity, and income levels in Muskingum County and the surrounding Appalachian region.
Poverty Rates: Highlight local poverty rates compared to state and national averages, particularly focusing on youth demographics.
Educational Attainment: Percentage of residents with high school diplomas or college degrees to underscore challenges in the area.
Free/Reduced Lunch Rates: Percentage of students in the area eligible for free or reduced lunch, demonstrating economic need.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: can you suggest recent articles related to measurement scale for each variable of theoretical framework of research topic Post Covid E- Learning Response from Hei’s of Pakistan: Hei’s Resilience and sustainability perspective only from 2024 . The theoretical framework of this study is designed to structure, analysis and explore the moderating role of HEI’s resilience factors between e-learning resilience success factors and HEI’s e-learning success. The INDEPENDENT VARIABLES (E-LEARNING RESILIENCE SUCCESS FACTORS) include Technological Infrastructure (Availability of digital tools, internet connectivity), Institutional Support (Policies, resources, funding for e-learning), Student Readiness (Access to technology, digital skills, engagement, E-Learning Perceptions), E-Learning Equity and Accessibility, Curriculum / Instructional Design, The DEPENDENT VARIABLES (HEIS E-LEARNING SUCCESS) including Effectiveness of E-Learning: (Student performance) and Sustainability of E-Learning (Students engagement and satisfaction) the moderating HEI RESILIENCE FACTORS including Institutional Resilience (Ability to sustain e-learning, Adaptability to changes), Management Commitment / Leadership Support, Faculty preparedness (Training, Computer literacy, Adaptability), Collaborative Capacity Building, Standardizing E- Learning and Change Management Control.  ensure by all means that the references of measurement scale of each variable is authentic, reliable, verified through url and is from the most latest research articles betwen 2021-2024 studies. ensure to give  only verifiabale, reliable, valid and authentic measurement scales along with references of the studies for each variable of this study along with the exact measurement scale questionair as used in relevent refrences articles.
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 4.	Empirical Evidence  for Elite Journals Elite Authors? Investigating the relationship between journal prestige and author affiliation in the field of strategic management

	Studies confirming affiliation bias (e.g., 80% of AMJ authors from top-20 schools).
	Counter-evidence (e.g., rising diversity in authorship).
	Gaps in existing research (e.g., focus on non-Western institutions).

Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Scientific LMs. Scientific LMs have spanned various domains, including biomedical (Phan et al., 2021; Yuan et al., 2022; Luo et al., 2022), medical (Singhal et al., 2023a; Gu et al., 2024; Tan et al., 2023; Singhal et al., 2023b), biomedical (Zhang et al., 2024b; Fang et al., 2024; Li et al., 2024a), geoscience (Feng et al., 2023), astronomy (Nguyen et al., 2023) and multidisciplinary science
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Triterpenoid-abundant extracts likewise showed powerful antioxidant activities against acetaminophen-induced liver harm versions, glutathione (GSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. This kind of result is consistent with the growing acceptance of natural products instead of artificial drugs with unwanted side effects. The presence of P. cocos in modern pharmacotherapy, particularly for liver disorders, reflects a relationship between empirical tradition and evidence-based science

find me a study said or confirmed above so i can cite it
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: find relevant papers for this work:
To advance the conversational forecasting tasks with a focus on Conversation Gone Awry (CGA) tasks, we tackle key challenges limiting progress. 
%
We introduce a larger dataset and an open-source framework for reproducible conversational forecasting experiments. 
%
Using the new dataset and evaluation framework, we first report new state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on CGA tasks achieved by both the RoBERTa and Gemma-2 models.
%
Paving the way for future research, our work also introduces the first well-trained human baseline for this task.
%
Then, we critically the role of conversational dynamics and introduce an additional evaluation dimension for the task that relies on the models' capacity to capture these dynamics.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: V. Enhancing Strengths and Addressing Weaknesses with AI Fostering Student Strengths: Describe how AI identifies and encourages students’ strengths, helping them to build confidence and competence in those areas. Remediating Weaknesses: Explain how AI can diagnose specific weaknesses and tailor remediation efforts to address them, such as through extra practice problems or hints. Example: Math apps like Khan Academy target foundational gaps in understanding to improve math skills progressively. Write a one to two paragraph response with references
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Abstract
We introduce Histopathobiome, a term representing the integration of histopathology and microbiome data to explore tissue-microbe interactions. Using a dataset of colon biopsy whole-slide images paired with microbiota composition samples, we assess the benefits of combining these modalities to distinguish patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subtype – ulcerative colitis (UC) from non-IBD controls. Initially, we evaluate the unimodal performance of state-of-the-art algorithms using vectors representing bacterial species abundances or histopathology slide-level embeddings. We compare single-modality models with bimodal networks with various fusion strategies. Our results prove that histopathology and microbiome data are complementary in UC classification. By demonstrating improved performance over single-modality approaches, we prove that bimodal deep learning models can be used to learn meaningful and interpretable cross-modal tissue-microbe patterns.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Discuss how to to utilize resistance exercise to achieve strength and hypertrophy
Why does resistance exercise increase muscle mass more than other forms of exercise?
How does resistance exercise coupled with high-intensity-interval-training alter muscle mass growth?
Does the combination of resistance exercise and high-intensity-interval-training have a synergistic affect in increasing muscle mass, or do they not complement each other and actually make it harder to increase muscle mass when they are combined.
Subject: sports science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Emerging demographic and epidemiological transitions in tropical regions have amplified the relevance of this perspective. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia are experiencing accelerated population aging alongside persistent burdens of infectious diseases. Recent epidemiological data indicate that the prevalence of AD and related dementias in these regions is rising at nearly three times the rate observed in high-income countries
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Chlorophyll fluorescence is a phenomenon where chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy and re-emit it at a longer wavelength, typically in the red or far-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum (Silva et al. 2020). This process is a useful indicator of photosynthetic activity and can be used to monitor various physiological processes in plants, such as growth, stress responses, and nutrient deficiencies (Bellasio et al. 20121)(Bellasio et al. 20122)(Shin et al. 2021)(Pérez-Molina et al. 2020). rephrase
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: The pipeline is Input Images (a single stone, a cloud, fire, a leaf) -> Grounding DINO -> SAM --- masked images --> Gemini API (predict the animal that suitable for the shape and the prompt corresponding) --> Stable Diffusion XL ControlNet depth small, generating image --> join generated images with the original images to fill in the shape.

Knowing any paper like this paper, a type of merging a lot of pretrained model to do some idea?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Find data for Muskingum County Ohio in the following area and provide source citations: Demographics and Socioeconomic Data
Population Statistics: Breakdown by age, race/ethnicity, and income levels in Muskingum County and the surrounding Appalachian region.
Poverty Rates: Highlight local poverty rates compared to state and national averages, particularly focusing on youth demographics.
Educational Attainment: Percentage of residents with high school diplomas or college degrees to underscore challenges in the area.
Free/Reduced Lunch Rates: Percentage of students in the area eligible for free or reduced lunch, demonstrating economic need.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The atomic coordinates of a copper crystal structure are as follows:

- Copper atoms are located at the following fractional coordinates within the unit cell:
  - (0, 0, 0)
  - (½, ½, 0)
  - (½, 0, ½)
  - (0, ½, ½)

These coordinates correspond to a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, which is the typical crystal structure for copper. In this structure, each copper atom is surrounded by 12 nearest neighbors.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Find research to complement this: "AI in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges
In recent years, literature has increasingly highlighted AI’s potential to revolutionize higher education through enhanced teaching, improved student engagement, and increased operational efficiency. Adaptive learning technologies, for example, provide personalized learning experiences by responding to individual student needs in real-time, allowing institutions to support diverse learning styles more effectively. Additionally, AI-powered chatbots and administrative automation tools can streamline student services, enabling faculty and staff to focus on strategic, higher-value tasks that contribute directly to educational outcomes (Tyson & Sauers, 2021; Beltran, 2023).
However, implementing AI in educational institutions is not without its complexities. Challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, ethical considerations, and the need for robust infrastructure frequently arise, as institutions must balance the rapid pace of AI technological advancement with the typically slower processes of educational change. Research indicates that successful AI adoption in higher education requires not only technical infrastructure but also a strong commitment to data governance, transparent ethics policies, and active stakeholder engagement to ensure equitable outcomes and mitigate potential risks (University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2024; Dincelli & Yayla, 2024). UWGB’s phased implementation plan reflects these insights, employing feasibility assessments, rigorous vendor selection, and pilot programs to address these challenges.
"
Subject: education
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: 
Response of Drug Mechanism Agent:
Bosutinib works for this patient because it targets the SRC family kinases, including LYN, which is overexpressed in this patient, and inhibits the BCR-ABL pathway, which is involved in triple negative breast cancer
Bosutinib works by inhibiting BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases, which are involved in B-cell receptor signaling.


Can you annotate above statement from Drug Mechanism Agent with reference(s) of scientific reference Drug Mechanism Agent? If so , annotate with reference number after the end of sentence(s) and describe such reference(s) at the bottom of your response with DOI 

Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query:  the need for having a normative framework for assessing interdisciplinarity. Basically, there are many factors that could shape the communication and outcomes of interdisciplinary teams and the individuals within such teams. A framework is thus needed to guide reasoning about \textit{what} factors should be considered. Moreover, each of these factors can be monitored or evaluated in a variety of ways, and contextualizing its influence or import requires keeping track of additional factors. So, a framework is also needed for guiding \textit{how} monitoring and evaluation practices should proceed.
Subject: science and technology studies
Intent: Other
Query: The dawn of the artificial intelligence (AI) era has ignited a global race for technological supremacy, with the United States and China positioned at the forefront of this intense competition. Within this dynamic landscape, the release of groundbreaking AI platforms holds the potential to not only reshape industries but also significantly influence financial markets, particularly the valuations of companies operating within and adjacent to these technological advancements. This paper investigates the immediate stock market impact of two such pivotal releases, originating from the distinct technological ecosystems of the US and China: the launch of "First Top" in the United States and the subsequent unveiling of DeepSeek in China.
Subject: finance
Intent: Other
Query: 3.2 In Vitro Anticancer Studies with Nano-Quercetin
*   V.B.1.  Cytotoxicity Assays in Cancer Cell Lines (Demonstrating enhanced anticancer activity of nano-quercetin)
*   V.B.2.  Studies on Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Other Mechanisms (Confirmation of enhanced mechanisms at cellular level)
write content 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I am interested in works that explore the ideas of using the transformer architecture to models joint distributions. Specifically, we are working on the idea of first proving that Transformers can be used for graphical inference - Specifically by creating a random Bayesian Net and then creating samples through ancestral sampling.

On masking random "latent" variables - We feed it to the transformer and find that the transformer can do almost exact inference on the graph.

We also experiment with using the same architecture to calibrate LLM evaluations of certain texts against human evaluation by modeling the predictions of LLM over options (likert) scale with human annotations as a joint. We mask certain questions and train to calibrate LLM to human. Turns out, it works better than LLMRubric method.

We next also experiments with Active feature acquisition -> Choosing the best question at test time to ask based on VOI (or fastVOI). Also we plan to do active learning for the training time.

Suggest papers to read on this.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Pixel art is a unique art style with the appearance of low resolution images. Can you suggest papers that pixelize images into pixel art? Examples are "Make Your Own Sprites: Aliasing-Aware and Cell-Controllable Pixelization (SIGGRAPH 2022)" and "SD-πXL: Generating Low-Resolution Quantized Imagery via Score Distillation (SIGGRAPH Asia 2024)".
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The aqua regia digestion was carried out at the Mecsekérc Zrt. laboratory in Kővágószőlős, in accordance with the accredited MSZ EN 13657:2003 standard. This method was employed to determine the "total" extractable element content (Ure, 1996). Aqua regia, a mixture of 3 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 1 ml concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃), was used as the reagent. During the procedure, 1 g of the sample, which had been dried at 40°C until reaching constant weight and ground in a ball mill to a particle size smaller than 0.1 mm, was utilized. The samples were placed in 75 ml MARS Xpress vessels, which were then subjected to a 2-hour resting (degassing) period before being digested in a 40-slot CEM MARS microwave digester (Figure 13). After cooling, the samples were filtered (Figure 14), transferred to volumetric flasks with 0.5 M nitric acid, and then diluted to 50 ml with distilled water.


Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Inductive research, on the other hand, employs interpretive methods and is exploratory in style to create a theoretical understanding (Gioia et al., 2012; Hurley et al., 2021; Mantere & Ketokivi, 2013). Tavory and Timmermans (2014) and Coffey and Atkinson (1996) both claim that abduction aims to create a balance between inductive and deductive methods.
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Other
Query: Anomaly Detection in FL
Anomaly detection is crucial to identifying poisoned or un-
reliable clients. Techniques based on gradient deviation (e.g.,
cosine similarity, Mahalanobis distance) and behavioral
profiling  are widely used. More recently, Sailfish-optimized
federated anomaly detection applies metaheuristic tuning
to improve Isolation Forest performance on edge devices,
achieving high recall in IoT anomaly detection tasks. How-
ever, these detectors often operate independently of the client
selection process, which limits defense capabilities in dynamic
networks.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: ("Students’ stress" OR "Student stress") AND "Mental Health" AND "Psychological skills training" AND "College students" AND ("University environment" OR "Classroom environment") AND (("Gender differences" OR "Sex differences" OR ("male" AND "female")) AND "comparison") AND "undergraduate education" AND (("freshman" AND ("sophomore" OR "junior" OR "senior")) OR ("freshman" AND "comparison") OR "year comparison")
Subject: psychology
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Multiple Access Schemes The efficiency of communication in wireless FL is also affected by the multiple access mechanism used to share the wireless medium. a) Orthogonal Access (OMA):: Traditional techniques such as TDMA or OFDMA allocate distinct time or frequency slots to avoid interference. These are simple but limit scala- bility. b) Non-Orthogonal Access (NOMA):: Clients transmit concurrently over shared resources with different power levels or codes, increasing spectrum efficiency. However, decoding complexity and interference management must be addressed. c) Grant-Free Access:: Eliminates the need for explicit scheduling, allowing devices to transmit opportunistically. This reduces signaling overhead and delay, especially in massive IoT scenarios.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I am working on a new project to predict the performance of dyes for DSSC applications, precisely I need to accurately predict the PCE of a DSSC based on novel dyes. I want to use machine learning combined with DFT/TDDFT calculations. Also, I want the Intelligent model to be able to make analytical and performance comparisons physically and chemically for the investigated dyes, it should compare all aspects including stability, optical, and PCE traits. What do you suggest?
Subject: engineering
Intent: Ideation