allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: The operation of solar chimneys is based on three fundamental components: transparent glazing, an air cavity, and a solar-absorbing wall. Sunlight passes through the glazing, heating the air inside the cavity as it absorbs energy from the wall. As the air warms, it becomes lighter and rises, creating an upward draft that facilitates indoor air renewal. This thermal buoyancy effect efficiently expels hot air while drawing in fresh air, significantly improving airflow within the building. By incorporating techniques such as thermal energy storage and passive heating, solar chimneys offer an energy-efficient alternative to conventional cooling and heating systems. Their effectiveness is particularly notable in regions with extreme climates, where they help reduce energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort (Chen & Brager et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2019
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: I have a problem involving the design of splints/connectors for deforming meshes.



I have two 3D meshes (STL files) representing the 'before' and 'after' states of an object.

The 'after' state is achieved by splitting the original mesh into key components and applying rigid body transformations (pitch/roll/yaw) to these components.

The goal is to design splints/connectors that:Connect the key components in their corrected positions.

Involve features like holes (diameter, placement) and splint dimensions (thickness, length).

Fit seamlessly onto the local surface of the mesh.

I'm interested in exploring AI-powered solutions for this design process.

Can you suggest relevant research domains or fields where I might find applicable approaches?

Specifically, I'm looking for state-of-the-art techniques and concepts, not detailed implementations.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: AI-in-the-Loop (AITL) systems position AI as an active participant within human-driven processes, providing recommendations or augmenting human decision-making, with a similar idea from Human-Centered AI (HCAI). Unlike Human-in-the-Loop (HITL), where humans oversee AI outputs, AITL emphasizes AI's role in enhancing human tasks. Please critically list the challenges and risks associated with AI-in-the-loop systems in the context of HAILEY system. Please summarize based on the following papers: 1) Human-AI Collaboration Enables More Empathic Conversations in Text-based Peer-to-Peer Mental Health Support; 2) https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-in-the-loop
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: is there any time series prediction model which works best with only the differences of prices revolving around a mean, particularly 0 and predict the direction of next 5 points. this would be a classification model. Which model worked best uptil now for this use case. if i want to predict the direction of next 5 candles of stock prices for intraday trading in 15 minute timeframe, give me 2 model names which might perform best according to research
Subject: finance
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: expand with references in APA style - While TAM, UTAUT, TFT, models are powerful in explaining technology acceptance behaviors, they often overlook individual psychological differences, such as personality traits, as influencing factors. --------------Personality traits are critical predictors of individual decision-making processes and behavioral outcomes in technology adoption contexts --------------. Research on personality TRAIT  has primarily explored ON -------------------------. However, classical personality frameworks such as the four temperaments—Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic—offer alternative dimensions of psychological behavior that can influence technological adoption and use.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The Collision-Aware Successive Convex Optimisation (CA-SCO) algorithm is proposed in this section to solve the non-convex problem. The algorithm uses convex approximations and iterative updates to solve the non-convex problem into a series of convex subproblems, which can be efficiently solved using convex optimization techniques. Figure 4 illustrates that the objective function is formulated and solved by the CA-SCO algorithm for optimisation convergence.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: " Abstract—This paper investigates spatial-mode multiplex
ing (SMM) for practical free-space optical communication (FSO)
 systems using direct detection. Unlike several works in the liter
ature where mutually incoherent channels are assumed, we con
sider mutually coherent channels that accurately describe SMM
 FSO systems employing a single laser source at the transmitter
 with a narrow linewidth. We develop an analytical model for such
 mutually coherent channels and derive expressions for aggregate
 achievable rate (AAR). Through numerical simulations, it was
 shown that there exist optimal transmit mode sets which result
 in the maximal asymptotic AAR at high transmitted power.
 Moreover, in order to resolve the reliability issues of such SMM
 FSO systems in the presence of turbulence, a so-called mode
 diversity scheme is proposed that can be easily implemented along
 with SMM FSO systems. It is demonstrated that mode diversity
 can significantly improve the outage probability and the-outage
 achievable rate performance of the multiplexed channels in SMM
 FSO systems degraded by turbulence." In this paper abstract, what is the AAR?
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Classic Routing Problems Early formalizations of routing challenges focused on the \textit{Traveling Salesman Problem} (TSP) and, later, the more general \textit{Vehicle Routing Problem} (VRP). The TSP, which seeks the shortest route visiting every location exactly once and returning to the origin, is known to be NP-hard and has been a benchmark for studying combinatorial optimization for decades. Dantzig and Ramser’s pioneering work on the VRP \cite{dantzig1959truck} extended the TSP by introducing vehicle capacity constraints, enabling a more realistic view of logistics. Subsequent improvements, such as the Clarke-Wright Savings algorithm \cite{clarke1964scheduling}, remain popular heuristics for solving VRP variants efficiently.  Nevertheless, these “classical” route optimization approaches often assume a small to moderate number of stops. As the number of delivery locations grows beyond a few hundred, computational complexity increases exponentially. Given that urban logistics operations can easily involve thousands of daily deliveries, pure TSP or VRP formulations rapidly become intractable. This gap between theoretical optimality and practical scalability has driven extensive research into heuristics, metaheuristics (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search), and decomposition strategies that split large problems into smaller ones.
Subject: math
Intent: Other
Query: Economics of Crime and Financial Fraud as a Governance Problem:
Merge interest in financial analysis with an examination of governance structures that may facilitate or deter financial crime. Consider building predictive models that use data on reported fraud cases, governance characteristics, and corporate filings. Your previous experience with sentiment analysis could be expanded by applying NLP techniques to detect patterns of deceptive language or evasive phrasing in financial documents.
Subject: finance
Intent: Ideation
Query: You are a research assistant specializing in sociology, cultural studies, and computational linguistics. I am writing the motivation section for a paper to be submitted to a top-tier NLP conference (e.g., ACL).

My project's context: My paper introduces a new benchmark named TASTE, designed to evaluate how well Vision-Language Models (VLMs) understand the dynamic aspects of culinary culture, such as regional variation, diasporic evolution, and cross-cultural fusion.

My immediate goal: I need to write the motivation section (Section 3.1.1), which argues for the necessity of our dynamic benchmark. To do this, I need foundational theories and literature to support the claim that current AI benchmarks, which often focus on static cultural symbols, are insufficient.

Please perform the following three tasks:

1. Foundational Theories of Cultural Dynamics:

Identify and briefly summarize key academic theories related to cultural globalization and hybridization. Specifically focus on:

Glocalization (e.g., by Roland Robertson)

Cultural Hybridization / Creolization (e.g., by Ulf Hannerz, Arjun Appadurai)

Transnationalism

For each theory, provide 1-2 seminal papers or books.

2. Application to Culinary Studies:

Find academic literature (from sociology, anthropology, or food studies) that applies the theories above specifically to the domain of food and cuisine.

I am particularly interested in papers that discuss how food changes when it crosses borders or how fusion cuisines are formed and perceived.

3. Critique of Current AI Benchmarks:

Find papers that critique the limitations of existing multimodal or VQA benchmarks in terms of their cultural representation.

Specifically, look for arguments about their static nature, lack of contextual depth, or cultural biases (e.g., Eurocentrism).

Required Output Format:
For each piece of literature you find, please provide:

A concise summary of its core argument.

A brief explanation of why it is relevant to my paper's motivation.

The full citation in BibTeX format.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: With the upgrading of new energy vehicles to 800V high-voltage platforms, the market for silicon nitride ceramic substrates, the preferred material for SiC power device packaging, is about to explode. However, silicon nitride ceramic substrates are still in the hands of Nittobo, and China has not yet achieved import substitution for automotive-grade products. What are the industrialization bottlenecks of silicon nitride ceramic substrates? How can we break through?
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: we need divide both human and AI text dociments into three segments: introduction, body and conclusion. We use an LLM to divide the text into segments. Give some reference that splitting text into three segments: introduction, body and conclusion can be highly subjective and there is not straightforward way to do this. Also, give some references that LLMs can work as human replacement in annotating data in these subjective tasks. 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: This analysis focused on the proteins amyloid precursor protein (APP) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), which are known to play critical roles in AD pathogenesis.  We considered only proteins with experimentally predicted functional partners exhibiting a STRING interaction score greater than 0.9, indicating a high confidence of interaction.  We also performed functional enrichment analysis to identify proteins implicated in AD pathogenesis or progression using the STRING database, focusing on pathways and functions associated with AD
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: FInd papers on 
Reservoir rocks are important components in hydrocarbon recovery, and their interaction with fluids is critical for efficient oil and gas production operations. Wettability is a property which affects the fluid distribution and mobility in porous media. It refers to the tendency of one fluid to spread on or adhere to a solid surface in the presence of another immiscible fluid. In the oil and gas industry, it is crucial 
to understand the wettability to predict the fluid behaviour in the reservoir, influencing other parameters such as permeability and recovery efficiency.

Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Within-host mathematical modeling has emerged as an indispensable tool in modern infectious disease research, providing quantitative insights into the intricate dynamics of pathogen-host interactions. These models serve as virtual laboratories, allowing researchers to systematically explore the nonlinear processes governing infection initiation, progression, and resolution within an individual. From a biological standpoint, the most crucial aspects of in-host modeling include identifying the primary cells targeted by the pathogen, understanding the pathogen’s life cycle and replication strategy, and determining whether the infection is acute or chronic. Mathematically, these components are often captured via compartmental models governed by systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), in which different biological states—such as uninfected target cells, infected cells, and free pathogens—are represented as state variables evolving over time.
Subject: math
Intent: Other
Query: can you write me a report on Fosfomycin based on this brief: Project reports should be easy to read and be a maximum of 5 pages long, including title, text, figures, tables, and literature references (max. 20). They should have a title (and, of course, your name) and be divided into the following sections:

Background (15%) 	(structure and origin of the drug)			(0.5-1 page)
Drug Target (30%)	(the target for the drug and its role in the disease)	(1-1.5 pages)
Mechanism (30%)	(how the drug prevents or cures the disease)		(1-1.5 pages)
Other Info (15%)  	(pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and resistance)		(0.5-1 page)
Literature Refs (10%) 								(approx. 0.5 page)

You should use Arial 11 font and 1.5 line spacing for your typewritten report, which should contain several clear figures and/or tables. Try NOT to make the figures so small that they are hard to read and understand. Figure legends, table titles and the format of literature references should follow the author guidelines for the Journal of the American Chemical Society (just look at the web site www.pubs.acs/journal/jacs at or a published paper from the journal). Students for whom English is a second language should not worry too much about writing with perfect spelling and grammar, but you need to make sure that the information in the report is clear.  Do not use bullet point lists in the report.

Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Inorganic Nanomaterials
*   III.C.1.  Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (High surface area, drug loading capacity, examples in quercetin delivery)
*   III.C.2.  Metal-Based Nanoparticles (Gold nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles) (Multifunctional properties, imaging capabilities, examples)
  write content 
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: 2.4 Nutritional Disruptors of Pathogen-Microbiome Synergy
Certain dietary phytochemicals (e.g., curcumin, catechins, or berberine) have been shown to disrupt quorum sensing and adhesin expression in enteric pathogens and pathobionts, thereby reducing their synergistic colonization potential. These bioactives also modulate microbial gene expression linked to LPS biosynthesis and oxidative stress pathways
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query:  As illustrated in Figure 2c, drugs within the same group exhibit similar enriched features. Subsequently, meta-analysis is applied to integrate consistently expressed differential genes across multiple drugs within the same group, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are constructed for these genes. Hub genes within each cancer-specific PPI network, identified using the cytoHubba plugin, are key genes that influence drug efficacy for the group (Supplementary Table 1).  Additionally, survival analysis has confirmed a robust correlation between the identified hub genes and patient prognosis, thereby reinforcing their potential as therapeutic targets. 

paraphrase this paragraph
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: i have a section of my paper about crypto triangular arbitrage i want u to help me add some citations to it 'Triangular arbitrage is a trading strategy that exploits price discrepancies among three currencies to generate profit. It works by sequentially converting an initial currency into a second, then a third, and finally back into the original currency, all at different exchange rates. If the exchange rates between these three currencies are out of sync, traders can profit from the temporary mispricing. This process hinges on the principle of market inefficiency, where exchange rates do not accurately reflect the true value relationships between currencies [1]. By strategically executing a sequence of currency exchanges, traders can capitalize on these inefficiencies and generate risk-free profits.'
Subject: finance
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: 
Response of Drug Mechanism Agent:
Bosutinib works for this patient because it targets the SRC family kinases, including LYN, which is overexpressed in this patient, and inhibits the BCR-ABL pathway, which is involved in triple negative breast cancer
Bosutinib works by inhibiting BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases, which are involved in B-cell receptor signaling.


Can you find reference of scientific reference to back up above statement from Drug Mechanism Agent?

Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: provide specific quantitative examples for this: The communities in King County, particularly those in historically underserved and marginalized neighborhoods, face significant challenges related to heat vulnerability and transportation access. These challenges are exacerbated by systemic inequities and lack of infrastructure investments, which disproportionately impact low-income, elderly, disabled, and communities of color. Addressing these community needs is critical to ensuring that all residents can thrive in an increasingly uncertain climate.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: In the data preprocessing section, after quality control, a two-stage method was used to annotate cells. Initially, copy number variations were inferred from gene expression profiles to distinguish malignant from non-malignant cells. scBERT was chosen for the annotation of non-malignant cells. Considering tissue heterogeneity, we collected and organized open-source annotation datasets from 13 types of tissues for model fine-tuning. The fine-tuned model was used for cell annotation in specific tissues, identifying a total of 96 cell types.

paraphrase this paragraph
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: i have a section of my paper about crypto triangular arbitrage i want u to help me add some citations to it 'In financial markets, inefficiencies such as these often exist only for brief periods before being corrected by the market itself. As a result, speed and accuracy are critical factors when identifying and acting on arbitrage opportunities [2]. The importance of triangular arbitrage lies in its ability to exploit these fleeting moments of price discrepancy in currency markets, allowing traders to gain profits with minimal risk. For investors, the ability to identify these opportunities is crucial, as modern financial markets are highly competitive, and mispricing windows are typically narrow [3].'
Subject: finance
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Firstly, $T'$ is projected to a latent space to reconstruct the original text by $q(T \mid T')= \text{LLM}_{\text{correct}}(T' \rightarrow T)$, where $T$ represents latent variables (e.g., corrected text). It simulates the error correction mechanism of the human brain. Specifically, candidate corrections are generated through the self-correcting prompts of LLM. The target response $Y$ is modeled by the distribution $P(Y \mid T)=\text{LLM}_{\text{generate}}(T \rightarrow Y)$. Secondly, the perturbation can be mitigated by maximizing the distribution $\log P(Y \mid T') = \log \int P(Y \mid T)P(T \mid T') \, dT$. 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Write a comprehensive literature review for a research paper titled 'AI in Loan and Insurance Underwriting' based on the provided research plan. Use journal articles, conference papers, and case studies as sources. Ensure the references are in APA style and include DOI links for each citation. The references must be from the years 2019-2024 and should cover the following key areas:


Current applications of AI in loan and insurance underwriting, including automated credit scoring, fraud detection, risk profiling, and personalized pricing.

Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The rapid advancement of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and advanced manufacturing is creating an urgent need for a skilled workforce that can drive innovation and maintain technological competitiveness. Traditional educational pathways alone cannot meet the growing demand for talent in these fields, necessitating innovative approaches to engage and upskill current students, former students, and career-changers. The integration of diverse perspectives and experiences is particularly crucial for solving complex technological challenges and ensuring equitable access to high-paying technology careers.

Despite the recognized importance of experiential learning in STEM education and career development, there remains a significant gap between available opportunities and the needs of non-traditional learners seeking to enter emerging technology fields. This disconnect is particularly pronounced for individuals who have not followed traditional educational pathways, including military veterans and career-changers, who possess valuable transferable skills but lack access to specialized technical training. The challenge lies in creating accessible, flexible pathways that leverage existing skills while providing targeted technical education and practical experience.
Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: China’s CSP development is constrained by geographic and infrastructure limitations. CSP resources are highly concentrated in western regions, where direct normal irradiation (DNI) levels are high, making these areas well-suited for CSP deployment[23]. However, the country’s major electricity demand centers are located in the eastern coastal provinces, posing significant challenges for long-distance CSP power transmission. Although ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission technology has advanced rapidly, the current grid infrastructure remains insufficient to accommodate large-scale CSP integration 
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: continue Agile methodologies have emerged as a transformative force in software development and project management, significantly reshaping the landscape of team collaboration and product delivery. Originating in the early 2000s with the creation of the Agile Manifesto, this approach has become a widely adopted framework that emphasizes adaptability, iterative progress, and customer-centricity in dynamic business environments. Over the past two decades, Agile has evolved beyond software development, influencing industries such as manufacturing, education, and healthcare.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: add proper citations for the following paragraph

Despite their strengths, RCTs have several limitations that can impact their feasibility and applicability. One major drawback is their high cost, as conducting an RCT requires substantial financial resources for patient recruitment, clinical monitoring, and regulatory compliance. Additionally, RCTs are time-consuming, often taking years to complete, which can delay the availability of new treatments for patients in need. Ethical concerns also pose a challenge, particularly in cases where randomization may result in withholding a potentially life-saving treatment from the control group, raising moral dilemmas for researchers and clinicians. Furthermore, RCTs typically have limited sample sizes and enroll highly selective patient populations that meet strict inclusion criteria. This lack of diversity can reduce the generalizability of findings, making it difficult to apply trial results to broader, real-world populations.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: With substantial data and positioning information acquired from realistic video games, it is possible to learn basic driving dynamics to train a foundation world model. By writing a custom API around data such as the distance from walls, distance from opponent, location on map, car velocity, steering angle, and parameterized curves, we should be able to surpass a “permit” human driver if they were to drive on the same track.



find me papers related to this topic
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: BASED ON THE FOLLOWING, WRITE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Topic: Assessing the Impact of Social Support on Visual Rehabilitation Outcomes
Objectives:
1. To examine the relationship between social support, visual rehabilitation outcomes in patients with low vision.
2. To identify types of social support that are most beneficial for visual rehabilitation outcomes.
3. To suggest ways to improve social support for patients with low vision undergoing visual rehabilitation. INCLUDE IN-TEXT CITATIONS AND REFERENCES
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Within the three past energy revolutions, beginning from the 1760’s Industrial revolution in Europe, the Carbon content has regularly reduced in terms of Hydrogen over time; from Coal to Oil and then to Natural gas, the ratio has come down from (1:1) to (1:2) and then to (1:4) causing acceleration in decarbonisation and increase in Hydrogen content (Li et al., 2019)
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: what's the most novel and important finding form this study: Clinician Suicide Risk Assessment for Prediction of Suicide Attempt in a Large Health Care System
Kate H. Bentley, PhD1,2; Chris J. Kennedy, PhD1,2; Pratik N. Khadse, MSBA1; et alJasmin R. Brooks Stephens, PhD1; Emily M. Madsen, BSc1,3; Matthew J. Flics, BA1; Hyunjoon Lee, MSc1,3,4; Jordan W. Smoller, MD, ScD1,2,3; Taylor A. Burke, PhD1,2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA Psychiatry. Published online April 9, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0325
Subject: psychology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Discuss: Analysis of the distribution of association p-values revealed a pronounced enrichment of statistically significant results. As illustrated in the histogram (Fig. 1), the majority of associations are concentrated at the lower end of the p-value spectrum (near 0.0), with frequency markedly decreasing as p-values increase. This left-skewed distribution, visualized on a logarithmic scale, indicates that a substantial proportion of the identified genetic variants exhibit strong statistical associations with the phenotypes under investigation. These findings underscore the robustness of the dataset and provide compelling evidence for the presence of true genotype-phenotype associations within the analyzed cohort.
Subject: biology
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: The emergence of advanced language models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 has ignited debates about AI's role in creative industries. These systems are already affecting creative professionals by displacing many in fields like copywriting, illustration, and graphic design, while altering the workflows of others. Even when AI cannot fully replace human labor, its potential for automation is being used as a pretext for workforce reductions. Examples include news outlets like Insider and CNET using AI pivots to justify layoffs and production studios leveraging AI's potential as a bargaining chip in the Writers Guild of America (WGA) strike negotiations.
Subject: technology studies
Intent: Other
Query: CPS represent a seamless integration of computational algorithms with physical processes, enabling intelligent control and automation in critical sectors such as energy, transportation, and manufacturing. These systems rely on interconnected networks of sensors, actuators, and control units to facilitate real-time data exchange and decision-making. Unlike traditional industrial automation, which operated in isolated environments, CPS leverage advanced communication technologies to enhance efficiency, scalability, and adaptability~\cite{CPS-overview}.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: can you tell me about the following research: Another approach is to develop culturally sensitive LLMs by incorporating non-English data and languages into the training process (Li et al. 2024). For instance, the CULTURE-GEN benchmark (Li et al. 2024) uses natural language prompting to evaluate the cultural perception of LLMs. This benchmark has been used to investigate the cultural alignment of LLMs and identify areas for improvement.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Legal Issues
Mindful Maze must comply with data protection laws such as the UK GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) and DPA 2018 (Data Protection Act 2018), ensuring that users' personal information, learning progress, and AI-generated recommendations are securely stored and not misused. If the platform includes AI-generated content or educational resources from third-party sources, proper licensing agreements must be in place to prevent copyright infringement. Additionally, the application should adhere to Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) regulations if it caters to minors, ensuring safe data handling and consent from guardians.

Social Issues
The platform aims to bridge the digital divide by making education accessible to all, regardless of socioeconomic status. However, there is a risk of digital exclusion, where students from underprivileged backgrounds may lack access to necessary devices or stable internet connections. Mindful Maze should provide offline learning features or lightweight app versions to support low-bandwidth users. Additionally, cultural sensitivity must be considered when designing AI-powered learning content to ensure inclusivity for diverse learners.

Ethical Issues
AI-driven learning raises concerns about bias and fairness in recommendation systems. If the AI favors certain learning styles, topics, or demographics over others, it may create inequalities in education. The platform must incorporate transparent algorithms with mechanisms for bias detection and correction. Another key ethical concern is user dependency on AI, where students may rely too much on automated support rather than developing independent problem-solving skills. The app should balance AI assistance with human-led learning interactions.

Professional Issues
As an educational platform, Mindful Maze must align with professional standards set by educational institutions and accreditation bodies. Teachers and tutors using the platform should be verified and qualified professionals, ensuring credibility and reliability in the learning process. Data security and professional conduct policies should be enforced to protect both educators and students from misuse of personal data or inappropriate interactions. Furthermore, regular audits and compliance checks should be performed to maintain platform integrity and uphold professional responsibility.


Subject: education
Intent: Other
Query: Extract the main theme or concept from the research article "1.	(Ciatto et al. 2020) "From Agents to Blockchain: Stairway to Integration" 2.	(Ciatto et al. 2020) "Blockchain, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Accounting Information Systems (AIS): Research on e-Procurement and System Integration" 3.	(Ciatto et al. 2020) "Towards Blockchain-Integrated Enterprise Resource Planning: A Pre-Implementation Guide" 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: "The llama 3 herd of models" (Meta AI, 2024), "Scaling laws for neural language models" (Kaplan et al, 2020), MobileLLm (Liu et al, 2024), LoRA (ICLR 2022), DistilBERT(2019), LLM-Pruner (neruips 2023), Laco (2024)

summarise these papers in relation to "Model compression and finetuning methods for efficient LLM ".
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into human resources offers unprecedented opportunities for efficiency, innovation, and growth. However, as AI systems become more pervasive in business environments, the ethical implications associated with their use are emerging. There are several research that explored the key ethical concerns surrounding the deployment of AI in the Human Resource Management System, including bias, privacy, transparency, autonomy, accountability, and environmental impact. Explore in an analytical way the research gaps in this  research field.
Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The rapid expansion of information systems and the proliferation of mobile technologies have significantly transformed the way governments interact with citizens. Mobile government (m-government) services, which enable citizens to access government services through mobile devices, have emerged as pivotal tools for enhancing public service delivery. These services offer unparalleled convenience, accessibility, and efficiency by placing government resources at citizens' fingertips. In developing countries like Tanzania, where mobile phone penetration rates are high, m-government is perceived as a key driver for achieving digital inclusion. However, despite the potential benefits of m-government services, technology adoption remains a critical challenge, particularly in a multilingual society such as Tanzania. The role of language in technology adoption, especially within the context of public service delivery, requires further exploration.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Other
Query: I want to find a comprehensive list of papers that create a list of text concepts for CLIP text embeddings to interpret CLIP image embeddings. 

An example would be this paper: Language in a Bottle: Language Model Guided Concept Bottlenecks for Interpretable Image Classification.

For each paper, find in the reference to make sure you have all the papers that satisfy the requirement and give a short description of how they construct the list of concepts
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Myocardial injury refers to the damage or death of cardiomyocytes due to various causes, commonly seen in acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiac surgery, and other cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial injury not only severely affects the patient's cardiac function, increasing the risk of heart failure and sudden death, but also has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Currently, the treatment of myocardial injury mainly includes pharmacological therapy, interventional therapy, and surgical treatment, but these methods still have certain limitations in improving myocardial function and prognosis. In recent years, molecular biological research has revealed the important role of multiple signaling pathways in myocardial injury. Among them, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), as a key DNA repair enzyme, plays an important role in cellular stress responses and apoptosis. The overactivation of PARP1 is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, especially in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, where increased PARP1 activity can lead to cellular energy depletion and programmed cell death. Cardiac troponin T1 (TNNT1) is a myocardial-specific protein and has been widely used as a biomarker for myocardial injury in clinical diagnosis. TNNT1 not only plays an important role in myocardial contractile function, but its expression levels and modification status undergo significant changes after myocardial injury, reflecting the degree of myocardial cell damage and repair status. However, the specific mechanism by which PARP1 affects myocardial injury through the regulation of TNNT1 is still unclear. This study aims to systematically analyze the interaction between PARP1 and TNNT1, to reveal the specific regulatory mechanism of PARP1 in myocardial injury, providing new theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for the molecular mechanism research and clinical treatment of myocardial injury.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Other
Query: Senecavirus A (SVA) utilizes Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1 (ANTXR1) as its primary cellular receptor for entry into host cells.

ANTXR1 as the Receptor for SVA
ANTXR1 (also known as Tumor Endothelial Marker 8, TEM8) is a surface protein highly expressed in certain cancer cells, particularly in neuroendocrine tumors and various solid malignancies.
SVA binds to ANTXR1 to mediate viral attachment and entry, facilitating its selective replication in tumor cells.
Studies have confirmed that cells lacking ANTXR1 are resistant to SVA infection, indicating that this receptor is essential for viral tropism.
Relevance to Oncolytic Therapy
Since ANTXR1 is overexpressed in many cancers but not in most normal tissues, Senecavirus A exhibits a natural tumor selectivity.
This receptor-targeting mechanism makes SVA a promising candidate for oncolytic virotherapy, particularly for cancers like small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroblastoma, and melanoma.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: find papers on a topic Clive Bell - The theory of "significant forms"
The reason why music can move people is because it has a "Significant Form", that is, the combination of rhythm, melody, harmony and other elements of harmonious beauty.
* The dynamics of pentatonic scales, major harmonies, and gradations in musical healing are consistent with this theory and can bring beauty and emotional resonance through pure musical forms.
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The gut microbiome, a dynamic and complex ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, serves as a critical interface between environmental factors and host physiology, with emerging roles in modulating brain health and neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation, is increasingly linked to dysregulation of the gut-brain axis—a bidirectional communication network integrating neural, immune, and metabolic pathways. 
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: 2	Enhancing Bioavailability of Quercetin through Nanotechnology: Evidence and Mechanisms
2.1 In Vitro Studies on Bioavailability Enhancement
*   IV.A.1.  Cellular Uptake Studies (Demonstrating increased cellular absorption of nano-quercetin)
*   IV.A.2.  Dissolution and Permeation Studies (Showing improved solubility and intestinal permeability)
    write content in context of quercetin 
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Silicates can react with various substances, including acids, bases, and certain metals. When silicates react with acids, they can produce silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and salts. For example, when silicate reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms silicon dioxide and a chloride salt. Silicates can also react with certain metals at high temperatures to form silicides. Additionally, they may undergo hydrolysis in water, breaking down into silica gel and an alkaline solution.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Sure! Here are some recent research articles on ceramic-based composites that utilize SPM (Scanning Probe Microscopy), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), or STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy) characterization techniques:

1. **Title**: "Nanoscale Characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composites Using Atomic Force Microscopy"
   - **Journal**: Journal of the American Ceramic Society
   - **Year**: 2023
   - **Summary**: This paper discusses the use of AFM for nanoscale surface analysis of ceramic matrix composites, focusing on mechanical properties and microstructural features.

2. **Title**: "In-situ SPM Study of Fracture Mechanisms in SiC-Based Ceramics"
   - **Journal**: Acta Materialia
   - **Year**: 2022
   - **Summary**: This study employs SPM techniques to investigate fracture mechanisms in silicon carbide-based ceramics, providing insights into deformation and failure processes at the nanoscale.

3. **Title**: "Scanning Probe Microscopy Analysis of Thermal Stability in Ceramic Composites"
   - **Journal**: Materials Letters
   - **Year**: 2023
   - **Summary**: This article explores the thermal stability of ceramic composites using SPM methods, examining how temperature affects material properties at the nanoscale.

4. **Title**: "Atomic Scale Imaging of Interfaces in Ceramic Composites by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy"
   - **Journal**: Ultramicroscopy
   - **Year**: 2022
   - **Summary**: Utilizing STM, this research provides atomic-scale imaging of interfaces within ceramic composites, enhancing understanding of interfacial interactions.

These articles should provide valuable insights into the application of advanced microscopy techniques in the field of ceramic-based composites.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Q. What is the role of a problem statement in academic research, and how can a real-world sociolinguistic issue from one's own community be effectively transformed into a well-defined research proposal? In the context of sociolinguistics, communities often face challenges such as language endangerment, the dominance of official languages over indigenous or minority languages, or the sociocultural impact of bilingual practices among bilingual speakers. These issues, while locally experienced, have broader implications for identity, power dynamics, and linguistic diversity. How can such a problem be identified, contextualized, and framed as a research-worthy question that not only reflects the lived experiences of a community but also contributes to theoretical and practical developments in the field? This invites critical reflection on how personal observation can be rigorously developed into a scholarly inquiry, beginning with the construction of a precise and meaningful problem statement breakdown this question
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Ideation
Query: Flood disasters are among the most destructive natural events, causing significant loss of life, extensive property damage, and long-term economic disruption. This paper investigates the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in enhancing disaster management, specifically focusing on flood prediction and response. Building upon our previous work where LLMs were utilized to simulate the 2019 Nebraska flood—an event marked by unpreparedness and inadequate response—we extend this approach to the 2024 Asheville, North Carolina flood. The 2024 flood, precipitated by intense rainfall and rapid snowmelt, presented challenges similar to those encountered in Nebraska. Utilizing data from satellite imagery, meteorological forecasts, and hydrological models, we analyze and compare the responses of human experts—including governors, National Guard commanders, meteorologists, and hydrologists—with those of an LLM-driven system. In the 2019 Nebraska scenario, communication and coordination deficiencies among specialists resulted in delayed and conflicting warnings. Conversely, the LLM system synthesized information across multiple domains, facilitating a more cohesive and timely response. By integrating insights from the Nebraska flood, the LLM effectively generated accurate flood predictions and coordinated evacuation plans for the Asheville event. Additionally, the LLM identified and addressed critical situations, such as the formation of movable floating ice, which had been previously overlooked by human responders, thereby preventing extensive infrastructure damage. Our findings demonstrate that LLMs, when trained on historical flood data, can significantly improve disaster preparedness by offering comprehensive and integrated decision-making support. This study underscores the potential of LLMs to revolutionize global disaster response efforts and enhance resilience against future flood events.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Lactic acid is soluble in water. To achieve a pH of 5-6 in 25 ml of water, you would need to calculate the amount of lactic acid based on its dissociation constant (pKa = 3.86 at 25°C). This requires using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

\[ \text{pH} = \text{pKa} + \log\left(\frac{[\text{A}^-]}{[\text{HA}]}\right) \]

Where:
- \(\text{A}^-\) is the conjugate base of lactic acid,
- \(\text{HA}\) is lactic acid.

Adjusting the equation for your specific conditions will help determine the required molar quantity.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: 1. Research Question
Does the coordination structure of campaign finance networks affect the efficiency of voter mobilization, as measured by "return on investment" (ROI) in terms of votes or turnout per dollar spent?
 
2. Hypotheses
•	H1: Biden’s campaign exhibits a more centralized, efficient network (hub-and-spoke), leading to lower "wasted spend" and higher voter ROI.
•	H2: Trump’s campaign is more fragmented (decentralized, “spaghetti-bowl” structure), incurring a higher coordination cost and leading to lower efficiency in voter mobilization.

Subject: social sciences
Intent: Ideation
Query: How does air temperature affect the efficiency of solar panels?
How does relative humidity of the air impact solar energy production?
What role does air pressure play in the performance of solar panels?
How does daily average rainfall affect solar panel performance?
How does air density influence the efficiency of solar energy systems?
How does sunshine duration directly impact solar energy production?
What are the effects of cloud cover on solar panel efficiency?
How does air quality impact solar energy production?
How does wind direction influence the placement or efficiency of solar panels?
How does wind speed affect the structural integrity and efficiency of solar energy systems?
How does solar irradiance directly impact the energy output of solar panels?
How does precipitation influence solar panel maintenance and efficiency?
How do natural calamities, such as storms or earthquakes, affect solar energy systems?
How do celestial positions, such as the sun's angle, affect the performance of solar panels?
How do seasonal variations impact solar energy production?
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Which statement about enhancers in embryonic stem cells is correct? (A) Active enhancers are associated with a unique chromatin signature including trimethylation of histone 3, lysine 27, and monomethylation of histone 3, lysine 4 (B)  Polycomb complexes are involved in mediating long-range contacts between enhancers and promoters. 
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The electro-optic effect refers to the change in the optical properties of a material in response to an applied electric field. This phenomenon is often observed in certain crystals where the refractive index changes as a function of the electric field applied to the material. The most common application of this effect is in the modulation of light in optical devices, such as in electro-optic modulators used in telecommunications and laser systems.

In simpler terms, when an electric field is applied, the way a material interacts with light can change, allowing for the control of light signals using electrical signals. This effect is particularly significant in materials that exhibit nonlinear optical properties.
Subject: physics
Intent: Other
Query: in an experiment about dairy cattle, several diagnoses are collected and formed into clusters. please check the following issues and find a likely "common denominator" for all them. Which name must be assigned to this specific cluster? ("GPT_" is just an uninformative part of the naming): GPT_Alkalosis, GPT_Water Quality and Availability, GPT_Regular Health Monitoring and Care, GPT_Extended Lactation, GPT_Late Lactation Phase, GPT_Seasonal Variation (Winter), GPT_Linoleic Acid Supplementation, GPT_Omega- Fatty Acid Supplementation, GPT_High Forage Diet, GPT_Grass Silage Feeding, GPT_Pasture Grazing, GPT_High Legume Diet, GPT_Flaxseed Supplementation, GPT_Dietary Fat Supplementation, GPT_Rumen Protected Fat Supplementation, GPT_Mineral Supplementation, GPT_Introduction of New Forage Types, GPT_Excess Protein in the diet, GPT_Deficiency in Selenium in the diet, GPT_Excess fiber in the diet
Subject: agriculture
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Five female 3xTg-AD mice (B6;129-Psen1<tm1Mpm> Tg(APPSwe,tauP301L)1Lfa/Mmjax; RRID:MMRRC_034830), aged between 46 - 48 weeks, were used in this study based on their disease expression and rate of survival
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other