allenai/openscilm_queries huggingface dataset:
Query: It shows the correlation between depression and each condition. There were two correlations and two correlation trends in the state of depression and the number of correct answers at the time of execution of cognitive tasks. First of all, in a simple task (target switching from right eye to left eye), a significant moderate negative correlation was found between the number of correct answers when reacting with the left hand and the score of the depressive indicator (r = -0.635, p = 0.008 Figure 3 ( A)). In addition, when the selection assignment (presenting external disturbance stimulation to the left eye when switching targets from the left eye to the right eye), a moderate negative correlation was seen between the number of correct answers and the score of the depression indicator (r = -0.534 p = 0. 033 Figure 3(B)). Next, there was a tendency to correlation when the simple assignment was performed with the right hand (r=-0.471 p=0.066 Figure 3(C)) and when the selection assignment was performed with the left hand (r=-0.44 p=0.088 Figure 3(D)). Please consider it in the tone of a paper.

Subject: psychology
Intent: Other
Query: Highlight Detection aims to evaluate the importance of each video segment. HD methods can be broadly classified into three types: supervised methods（）, which utilize fine-grained annotations to identify highlights accurately; weakly supervised methods（）, which rely on higher-level event labels to detect key moments; and unsupervised methods（）, which leverage inherent video features, such as duration, as supervisory signals without relying on labeled data. Help me find the corresponding literature in parentheses.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: I am a researcher looking to find a list of primary articles published about bioelectrocatalysis in which a combination of enzymes and carbon nanomaterials are employed for applications in green chemistry and green energy. Only papers that involve an enzyme and a carbon nanomaterial, used to perform an electrocatalytic reaction, need to be used. Ignore papers that mention mimicking of enzymes, but do not have any data about the combination of enzymes and nanomaterials. Please ignore any review articles. Please include papers that fit the search criteria published in the past 10 years
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Give me an overview of the literature of the past 3 years on how 1) many 'human' datasets used for machine learning etc. exhibit major problems (bias,...); 2) how synthetic datasets might be able to help with this; and 3) how these have been used successfully in CERTAIN fields, but are sill sorely 'missing in action' in other fields, including in sociology, cognitive neuroscience, etc.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: These findings are in line with current literature, which demonstrates that glycolytic metabolism is significantly impaired in AD. Decreased glycolytic flux and reduced expression of glycolytic enzymes have been repeatedly observed in AD brains, correlating with the severity of amyloid and tau pathology as well as cognitive decline. Glycolytic dysfunction and brain glucose hypometabolism are recognized as prominent anomalies occurring early in the disease process, even before clinical symptoms manifest, and are thought to contribute to both bioenergetic and biosynthetic disturbances that ultimately disrupt neuronal and synaptic homeostasis. Moreover, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have consistently demonstrated reduced cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in AD-vulnerable brain regions, further supporting the observed reduction in glycolysis pathway abundance in AD cases compared to controls.
Subject: neuroscience
Intent: Other
Query: Given that many physical simulated models continue to suffer from systematic errors, data-driven approaches have become increasingly popular for various inference problems {\color{red} [REFs]}. These approaches leverage both observational data and more reliable target properties from other sources to establish relationships between them. For example, in stellar spectroscopy, data-driven models have emerged as powerful tools for inferring fundamental properties such as stellar ages and distances, where `golden' age measurements come from asteroseismology and precise distances from parallax measurements of nearby stars {\color{red} [REFs]}.
Subject: physics
Intent: Other
Query: The Internet has become an integral part of communication, education, and access to public services; but is it a human right? Drawing on various legal perspectives, discuss the question of recognizing Internet access as a human right, in light of international and Ethiopian human rights instruments, addressing issues on the digital divide and shutdowns imposed by governments.
1,Your essay shall be between 1,200 - 1,800 words. 
Subject: social sciences
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Replication (receptors, modes of entry, genome replication, mode of exit).
Virus entry: discuss how the virus enters host cells, including the receptors to which it binds.
Replication process: Explain the steps involved in the virus replication cycle, from entry to genome replication.
Exit mechanisms: Describe how the virus exits the host cell to infect new cells. Include any relevant terminology.

Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: find papers on 2D Heterostructures and Interfaces in in terms of 2D Spintronics for Neuromorphic Computing with Scalability and
Energy Efficiency
- Explore van der Waals heterostructures combining 2D magnets with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) or graphene to create tunable spintronic devices.
- Provide examples of novel phenomena like interlayer spin transfer and magnetoelectric coupling.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: How does air pressure impact geothermal power generation and the performance of a geothermal power system? Is this impact directly mentioned in the literature, or can it only be inferred indirectly? If directly mentioned, what is the exact quote? If indirectly inferred, what is the logical inference? As the air pressure of a region varies throughout the seasons yearly and how does this will impact the geothermal energy?
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Automated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targetsAutomated test case generation as a many-objective optimisation problem with dynamic selection of the targets
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Write a comprehensive introduction (one to two paragraphs) for a scientific paper on COVID-19 detection from CT scan images using a deep learning model based on ResNet-101v2. The introduction should clearly establish the context of the problem, highlighting the significance of rapid and accurate COVID-19 diagnosis during the global pandemic. Emphasize the role of CT scans as a diagnostic tool, particularly in situations where RT-PCR testing is limited or unavailable. Discuss the challenges associated with manual CT scan interpretation and the potential of artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning, to automate and improve the diagnostic process. Mention the advantages of using ResNet-101v2 for image feature extraction and classification. Briefly introduce the research objective of developing and evaluating a fine-tuned ResNet-101v2 model for accurate and efficient COVID-19 detection from CT scans. Support all claims and statements with credible references from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar, using proper citation formatting (e.g., APA or IEEE). The target audience is experts in artificial intelligence and medical image analysis. Ensure the language is formal, precise, and avoids jargon or overly technical terms unless necessary. Prioritize clarity and conciseness. Do not include subheadings.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase detailed RESEARCH Approach for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: Over-the-Air Aggregation (AirComp)
AirComp enables the simultaneous transmission and ag-
gregation of updates in the analog domain, exploiting the
waveform superposition property of wireless channels.
This approach eliminates the need for individual client-
server transmissions, drastically reducing uplink latency and
bandwidth usage. However, it requires precise synchronization
and power control, and is sensitive to noise and channel fading.
AirComp is particularly effective in environments with
high device density, such as sensor networks or smart city
deployments.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: I want to find studies about acceleration of density functional theory codes with machine learning surrogates. The results should only include studies that demonstrate the application of ML models that predict first-principles observables, such as the Hamiltonian, the electron density, the electron potential, or the (local) density of states, with the atomic structure (including atom-wise features, e.g., the chemical species involved, the atomic magnetic moments, etc.) as input. Furthermore, these observables should be used again as input to the DFT code to accelerate its convergence. Furthermore, at least one of the following criteria should be satisfied: 1) The method is applied to an all-electron code; 2) The method is applied to disorder and/or defects in the materials. 3) Magnetic information is included, either on the input or the output side; 3) Active learning for a close-loop hybrid/AI scientific workflow is included. Priority should be given to studies that include code and/or data availability. These methods should not be included: ML predictions of the density functional, with electron density as input; interatomic potentials (prediction of total energy from structure); prediction of the many-body wavefunction. Also, priority should be given to studies that demonstrate such a method for periodic systems (materials) over finite systems (molecules). Special emphasis should also be given to those that are applied to quantum materials (topological insulators, complex magnetism, impurity embeddings, conventional superconductors, transition metals and rare earth compounds, etc.).
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Let $G$ be a cubic graph (3-regular graph). A 2-vertex labeling $k: V(G) \to \{1, -1\}$ is said to be \textbf{unbiased} if and only if for every subgraph $H$ of $G$, the following inequality holds:
$ \left| \sum_{v \in V(H)} k(v) \right| \leq 3|V(H)| - 2|E(H)| $

Is this concept already known in graph theory?
Or is it a new type of vertex labeling related to the Four Color Theorem?
Subject: math
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I did my PhD thesis on brain tumor classification using deep learning 
In the second chapter of the thesis, I included a literature review 
I collected many scientific articles about artificial intelligence in brain tumor classification and formulated them and extracted the most important information in a professional academic scientific and technical manner. 
I created subheadings within this chapter in this way 
I. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
1. CNNs Designed from Scratch:
2. CNNs for Feature Extraction with SVM Classifiers: 
3. CNN Pre-trained Models (Transfer Learning):
II. Vision Transformers (ViTs)
4. ViT Models for Brain Tumor Classification: 
III. Feature Engineering and Fusion
5. Feature Fusion Techniques: 
IV. Ensemble Learning
6. Ensemble Methods for Brain Tumor Classification:
V. Task-Specific Performance Analysis
7. Binary Classification:
8. Multi-Class Classification:
I've touched on all of these subheadings and added a summary of each subheading from scientific articles. 
Therefore, I want you to write an introduction to this second chapter that you have addressed in an academic scientific manner worthy of a doctoral dissertation. 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Sure! Here are a few chemical reaction equations:

1. Combustion of methane:
   \[
   CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O
   \]

2. Neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:
   \[
   HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O
   \]

3. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by manganese dioxide:
   \[
   2H_2O_2 \xrightarrow{MnO_2} 2H_2O + O_2
   \]

4. Reaction of iron with copper sulfate solution:
   \[
   Fe + CuSO_4 \rightarrow FeSO_4 + Cu
   \]

5. Photosynthesis:
   \[
   6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{light}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2
   \]
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Rewrite below in a more technical and acadamic form:

In this section, we present the system model for the proposed grant-free NOMA-assisted Wireless Federated Learning (WFL) framework. The model focuses on minimizing latency and energy consumption in a Beyond 5G (B5G) network. The key components of the system model include the network architecture, the WFL model, the communication model, the latency model, and the energy model. Each component is described in detail below.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: 5. LLM Document Access (Information Retrieval)
LLM Document Access involves using templates to search and retrieve specific information from document databases or file collections.
Main features :
- Contextual search: Ability to interpret a question in natural language to find an exact answer in a document or database.
- Automatic summarisation: Generation of summaries for long or complex documents.
- Multi-document queries: Search multiple documents simultaneously to answer complex queries.
- Practical applications: Support for conversational agents, rapid analysis of archives or scientific research.
Limitations:
- The quality of responses depends on the relevance of the documents provided and the richness of the model.
- Ambiguous or poorly formulated questions can lead to inaccurate results.

("document access" OR "information retrieval" OR "document search" OR "semantic search" OR "document querying" OR "contextual search" OR "question answering from documents")
AND ("LLM" OR "language model" OR "natural language processing" OR "AI-driven search" OR "context-aware retrieval")

Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: The results clearly show that as temperature and exposure time increased, both mixtures experienced a reduction in stability and stiffness, and a general increase in flow. However, the PG 76-10 mixture consistently exhibited better performance than the 40/50 mixture across all testing conditions. At 60°C, PG 76-10 achieved the highest stability value of 18.240 kN after 30 minutes, while 40/50 recorded 16.890 kN. After 24 hours at the same temperature, PG 76-10 retained 17.153 kN, still above the 9 kN minimum, whereas the 40/50 mixture dropped slightly to 14.919 kN.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: continue In order to achieve a high-quality reading log, a comprehensive search was conducted on several databases and search engines to identify the existing literature related to the predefined research questions. I used the search keywords listed in Section \ref{sec:keywords} to retrieve results from the databases specified in Section \ref{sec:searchresources}. Once the relevant papers were identified, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as outlined in Section \ref{sec:inclusioncriteria} were applied to narrow down the search results. 
Subject: research methodology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Raster data types are more suitable for large-scale spatiotemporal computation and are easier to parallelize. Vector, facet, voxel, and TIN models are better suited for fine-grained modeling of physical objects; however, their data structures are more complex, posing disadvantages in spatiotemporal computations. Additionally, these models are fundamentally spatial models, requiring the addition of time labels to be extended into spatiotemporal data models. Research on integrated spatiotemporal data models remains relatively scarce.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: My research paprer is a Constructivist Grounded Approach to Study the Ethical Implications of AI Use in Human Resources Management . Here below are the research questions and research objective : 1.What are the primary ethical concerns associated with AI use in Human Resource Management, and how can a conceptual framework address these concerns? 2. How do algorithmic biases manifest in AI-driven HRM processes, and what strategies can mitigate them? 3. What are the implications of AI-driven data collection on employee privacy, and how can organizations balance AI benefits with data protection? 4. How can transparency and explainability be incorporated into AI-driven HRM systems to enhance trust and accountability? 5. What governance structures are necessary to ensure accountability when using AI in HRM? 6. How can ethical considerations be integrated into the deployment of AI systems in HRM? 7. What are the broader implications of ethical AI practices in HRM for organizational culture and employee well-being? Research Objectives: Objective 1: Identify and analyze key ethical issues associated with AI in HRM. Objective 2: Develop a comprehensive ethical framework integrating legal and ethical considerations. Objective 3: Provide practical guidelines for ethical AI deployment in HRM. Objective 4: Contribute to academic knowledge and inform policy development on ethical AI use in HRM. 

Advise on incorporating transparency and explainability into AI-driven HRM systems, consider exploring methods for ensuring fairness and equity in AI systems, as proposed by Mehrabi et al. (Cheong. 2024) and Floridi (Cheong. 2024). This will help mitigate biases and promote inclusivity in HRM decision-making processes.

Subject: business
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Metal ions (such as Cu2+, Mn2+, etc.) play an important role in the regulation of laccase gene expression. Among them, Cu² + proved to be the most effective inducer of laccase gene expression: on the one hand, Cu2+ not only participates as a cofactor in the formation of the tricyclic copper cluster structure of the active center of laccase; On the other hand, it can promote the biosynthesis of laccase at the level of gene transcription by regulating transcription factor activity.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please rephrase SPECIFIC AIMS for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Ideation
Query: continue 
Agile methodologies have revolutionized the way teams collaborate and products are delivered, transforming the software development and project management landscape. Originating from the \textit{Agile Manifesto} in the early 2000s, this approach has gained widespread adoption in various industries, including manufacturing, education and healthcare \cite{Nguyen2024AgileCoderDC}. Agile's core principles emphasize adaptability, iterative progress, and customer-centricity in dynamic business environments. Agile's adaptability is its most significant advantage, allowing teams to respond to changing requirements and emerging technologies \cite{Jat2024NavigatingDS}.

Different agile methodologies have been developed to address various challenges in software development. Some of the most popular agile methods include Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), Kanban, and their fusions \cite{Fuior2019KeyEF, Altameem2015ImpactOA}. "Scrum is the most used and the most useful agile framework currently available, both in research and in the industry", notably, Scrum has emerged as the most popular agile framework in both academic research and industry practice\cite{article}. Despite the considerable acclaim it has received, there exists a paucity of studies that provide  evidence and comprehensive analyses to claims regarding Scrum's superiority over alternative methodologies.

The primary goal of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is to identify gaps in the current literature by synthesizing the findings of multiple studies and providing a comprehensive understanding of the research topic\cite{Li2017AMO}. This is particularly important in the context of Scrum, where claims of its superiority over other methodologies may lack empirical support\cite{Bonassa2016ABS}. By systematically reviewing the literature, an SLR can pinpoint areas that require further investigation, guide future research efforts, and ensure that they are focused on addressing significant questions\cite{Khatib2024ApproachesID}.
 
\section{Protocol development}
In Agile software development, metrics play a crucial role in measuring team performance, tracking progress, and identifying areas for improvement\cite{Budacu2018RealTA}. Metrics are quantitative measures used to assess, quantify, and monitor various aspects of systems, processes, products, or performances\cite{inproceedings}
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: give me more detail about this with refrences: This script identifies bridging nodes in a network by computing a hybrid bridging score, integrating betweenness centrality and community diversity. First, betweenness centrality is estimated using a sampling approach, 
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Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Comprehensively collect relevant literature on classroom observation at home and abroad, including academic papers, research reports, teaching cases, etc., including teachers and students, systematically sort out and analyze the literature, summarize the results, deficiencies and research trends of existing research, write a detailed literature review report, and provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the subject of physics classroom observation.

Complete a literature review report on high school physics classroom observation research, the content must at least include the results, deficiencies and research trends of existing research
Subject: education
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query:  I'm writing a Research Grant Application on Combining Small Language Models and Decentralized Federated Learning support for Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fractures Caused by Primary Osteoporosis and Multiple Myeloma. This Research Grant Application aims to develop a novel approach by combining small language models and decentralized federated learning to improve the differential diagnosis of VCFs caused by PO and MM. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and offers a more accurate, patient-centered, and cost-effective solution. Please summarize the papers on RESEARCH STRATEGies and Innovation, and rephrase for clarity, coherence and conciseness, ensuring each paragraph flows into the next. Remove jargon. Use a professional tone.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: The 32 crystal point groups are: 

1. C1, Ci, Cs  
2. C2, C2h, C2v  
3. D2, D2d, D2h  
4. C3, C3h, C3v  
5. D3, D3d, D3h  
6. C4, C4h, C4v  
7. D4, D4h  
8. C6, C6h, C6v  
9. D6, D6h  
10. T, Th, Td  
11. O, Oh  
12. Ih  

These are all the possible symmetry point groups for crystals.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Please find references ragarding the following sentences " Random forest provides high accuracy by combining multiple decision trees and effectively capturing complex relationships between variables. It performs well with high-dimensional data, reduces overfitting through averaging, and can handle missing values without significant performance loss. However, its main drawback is reduced interpretability compared to simpler models like logistic regression, making it difficult to understand the contribution of individual predictors. It also requires substantial computational resources and can be slow for real-time predictions due to the need to evaluate multiple trees. Additionally, careful hyperparameter tuning is necessary to achieve optimal performance."
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Comparison between traditional water management methods and modern sustainability goals - Integration with modern goals: o While traditional methods have contributed to water security in the past, they need to be modernized to be more compatible with sustainable development goals, such as reducing environmental impacts and minimizing resource consumption. o Traditional dams can be upgraded to be more efficient by introducing technology such as smart flow monitoring systems. o Desalination plants can be improved using renewable energy sources to reduce their carbon footprint. - Ecosystems and biodiversity: o Sustainable solutions seek to minimize negative impact Modern solutions that integrate technology and nature-inspired design offer promising possibilities to overcome the limitations of these approaches.
Subject: environmental science
Intent: Other
Query: Silicates can react with various substances, including acids, bases, and certain metals. When silicates react with acids, they can produce silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and salts. For example, when silicate reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms silicon dioxide and a chloride salt. Silicates can also react with certain metals at high temperatures to form metal silicides. Additionally, silicates may undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water, leading to the formation of new compounds.
Subject: chemistry
Intent: Other
Query: Update Frequency Control
Rather than transmitting updates at every round, these
techniques adapt the communication schedule to reduce overall
traffic without severely impacting convergence.
a) Periodic Aggregation:: Clients perform multiple local
updates before transmitting to the server, reducing the number
of uplink communications.
b) Adaptive Triggers:: Updates are only sent when cer-
tain criteria are met, such as significant model changes,
gradient thresholds, or energy availability.
These strategies can be dynamically tuned to the state of
the device or the learning task, improving both communication
efficiency and energy usage
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query:  Is there are linear or direct relationship between the number of androgens, particularly testosterone and DHT, present in the body and body hair. Meaning if someone had higher levels of androgens, they are more likely to have more body hair. I say more likely because there is individual variation caused by congenital factors such as genetics and acquired factors such as nutrition quality and sleep quality. But if we account for those factors as well as others is there a relationship that shows the higher the androgen levels the higher the amount of body hair  present on a individual?
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: (("oxygen octahedra"[Title/Abstract] OR "octahedral oxygen"[Title/Abstract] OR "octahedral structure"[Title/Abstract] OR "perovskite"[Title/Abstract]) 
AND 
("solid proton conductor"[Title/Abstract] OR "proton-conducting solid"[Title/Abstract] OR "protonic conductor"[Title/Abstract] OR "proton transport"[Title/Abstract] OR "proton conduction"[Title/Abstract] OR "solid electrolyte"[Title/Abstract]))

Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Literary criticism offers different ways to look at literature, helping readers understand not just the text, but also the larger societal issues it reflects. This paper applies several critical approaches, starting with Feminist Criticism, which examines how literature portrays women, challenges patriarchy, and addresses gender roles. Feminist critics aim to bring women's voices to the forefront and question traditional male-dominated narratives. This approach helps the readers see how systems like patriarchy shape both the characters in literature and the stories themselves, while also examining issues like the male gaze and intersectionality, recognizing how race, class, and sexuality impact individuals’ experiences.
Subject: literature
Intent: Other
Query: Please describe in 1-3 sentences how the "Way off-policy algorithm" uses KL divergence for policy regularization in the paper: Jaques, N., Ghavamzadeh, M., Lazaric, A., & Pineau, J. (2019). "Way Off-Policy Batch Deep Reinforcement Learning of Implicit Human Preferences in Dialog Systems." [NeurIPS]
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Understanding
Query: Peptide-based materials hold vast potential due to their biocompatibility, renewable nature, and tunable properties, making them strong candidates for the development of advanced materials with tailored functions. Despite their synthetic and theoretical tractability, a significant challenge lies in understanding the complex sequence-property relationships, even among short di- and tripeptides, which limits the realization of their full potential. To address this, we propose an integrated approach that combines AI-driven prediction tools with automated experimentation platforms, aiming to rationalize peptide assembly processes and enable the design of materials with customized properties such as solubilization, stabilization, encapsulation, and plasticity for diverse applications.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Definition of Biomimicry: Biomimicry is a scientific and technical approach that draws inspiration from natural processes and systems to develop innovative solutions to human challenges. This approach focuses on understanding how organisms and ecosystems work to meet their needs effectively and sustainably. - Key Principles of Biomimicry: o Adaptation: Inspired by the biological adaptations that organisms use to survive in different environments, such as designing drought-resistant technologies inspired by cacti. o Efficiency: Using resources efficiently and minimizing waste, such as systems inspired by desert beetles that collect water from fog. o Harmony with nature: Developing solutions that integrate with natural systems rather than depleting them, such as artificial wetlands to treat water in a manner similar to natural ecosystems.
Subject: biology
Intent: Other
Query: I have some panoramic images classified in normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis. For what I saw in the literature, scholar are trying their best to get new training stategies and architectures to get a better performance.

i see as a lacumn the fact that this type of medical data is really difficult to gather, so I am trying to do a paper work comparing the best architectures (ResNet and EfficientNet) in this task (osteoporosis detection in panoramic images) with dont used techniques, such as using Multimodal models (Gemino), Few-Shot learning (ProtoNet, R2D2, Baseline++) and Fine-tuning  previous models (ResNet, EfficientNet) using the panoramic data after training it previouly with general X-ray images.

Is my work good enough and with some inovation talking about this task?

I want to know if I am not just overlloking some works that did the same comparative analysis
Subject: computer science
Intent: Ideation
Query: I am currently building a protein language model evalutation pipeline. One of the task that people are interested in is secondary structure prediction/contact prediction. The output is a LxL matrix with the distances between all C alpha atoms (if I am correct). For transformer based pLMs, buidling this on top of attention maps is customary (because they share the same dimension and potentially information from attention scores is very correlated to distances). How is this handled by recurrent based protein language models? Both RNN, SSMs, LSTMs...?
Subject: biology
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: give me the original reference: Research has shown that emotions can modulate inhibitory control in language switching. For example, a study found that happy and fearful emotions can influence inhibitory control in language switching (Liu et al., 2021). Happy emotions can lead to larger L2 switch costs but smaller L1 costs, while fearful emotions can result in smaller L2 switch costs but larger L1 switch costs (Liu et al., 2021). This suggests that distinct emotions can affect inhibitory control and subsequent task switching.
Subject: psychology
Intent: Metadata
Query: Since late 2022, generative AI has taken the world by storm, with widespread use of tools including ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude. Generative AI and large language model (LLM) applications are transforming how individuals find and access data and knowledge. However, the intricate relationship between open data and generative AI, and the vast potential it holds for driving innovation in this field remain underexplored areas. This white paper seeks to unpack the relationship between open data and generative AI and explore possible components of a new Fourth Wave of Open Data: Is open data becoming AI ready? Is open data moving towards a data commons approach? Is generative AI making open data more conversational? Will generative AI improve open data quality and provenance? Towards this end, we provide a new Spectrum of Scenarios framework. This framework outlines a range of scenarios in which open data and generative AI could intersect and what is required from a data quality and provenance perspective to make open data ready for those specific scenarios. These scenarios include: pertaining, adaptation, inference and insight generation, data augmentation, and open-ended exploration. Through this process, we found that in order for data holders to embrace generative AI to improve open data access and develop greater insights from open data, they first must make progress around five key areas: enhance transparency and documentation, uphold quality and integrity, promote interoperability and standards, improve accessibility and useability, and address ethical considerations. 
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Generative AI is quickly becoming a game-changer influencing the software development lifecycle by automating coding, debugging and documenting. Various tools such as GitHub Copilot and OpenAI's Codex use large language models to help developers with writing and modifying code in order to accelerate workflows and decrease human error (Vaithilingam et al., 2022). Such integration of AI in software development increases the efficiency of the process and at the same time democratizes coding making complex tasks simple for newbie developers. However, despite its benefits, the integration of generative AI to workflow has been approached with tempered optimism, as concerns regarding the validity, stability, and versatility of generative outputs endure within professional contexts (Bommasani et al., 2021).
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: is there any time series prediction model which works best with only the differences of prices revolving around a mean, particularly 0 and predict the direction of next 5 points. this would be a classification model. Which model worked best uptil now for this use case. if i want to predict the direction of next 5 candles of stock prices for intraday trading in 15 minute timeframe, give me list of model names which might perform best according to research
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: I have an idea for of a for tokenization that works across modalities: 

Represent all modalities as graphs where:
- Nodes = base units (pixels, audio samples, words, points)
- Edges = relationships (temporal, spatial, semantic)

Then apply a hierarchical merging algorithm:
1. Quantize raw input into discrete base tokens
2. Build initial graph structure preserving modality-specific relationships
3. Merge nodes based on:
   - Frequency of co-occurrence
   - Strength of connections
   - Semantic similarity across modalities
4. Learn a shared vocabulary that maps merged patterns to tokens

The key innovation would be designing the graph structure and merging criteria to naturally handle different types of relationships while building semantically meaningful tokens that work across modalities.

This maintains important structures (like temporal sequence in audio or spatial relationships in images) while allowing flexible pattern discovery and cross-modal alignment.

What's the closest research on this?
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Topic: Comparative characterization of the dynamic response of PEM and alkaline water electrolysis technologies.

Objective: Retrieve and synthesize recent peer-reviewed publications (preferably 2019–2024) that analyze or report on the transient behavior, flexibility, efficiency, and operational stability of PEM and alkaline electrolyzers under dynamic conditions (e.g., variable power input, ramp-up/ramp-down).

Deliverable: A concise methodological text (maximum 3,000 characters including spaces) supported by reliable citations, suitable for inclusion in a research project proposal. Ensure clarity, scientific rigor, and alignment with current literature.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine
learning paradigm that enables distributed model training across
decentralized clients without sharing raw data. However, com-
munication overhead remains a major bottleneck, particularly in
wireless FL systems where limited bandwidth, latency, and energy
constraints affect system performance. This paper presents a
systematic literature review (SLR) of communication-efficient
protocols for wireless federated learning. A total of 30 peer-
reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were selected
using PRISMA guidelines from reputable databases such as IEEE
Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and SpringerLink. This review
identifies and categorizes 30 communication-efficient federated
learning protocols across six protocol layers: aggregation and se-
curity, compression and quantization, client scheduling and topol-
ogy, feature/update filtering, hybrid strategies, and system-level
coordination with all protocols tailored to reduce communication
overhead in wireless federated learning scenarios The review
also discusses key evaluation metrics, comparative performance
insights, and open challenges in scalable FL deployment. The
synthesis reveals that while individual techniques offer promising
communication gains, future protocols must adopt cross-layer co-
optimization to support reliable, sustainable, and efficient FL in
dynamic wireless environments.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: find citations: Accurate and efficient communication is crucial in Air Traffic Control (ATC) to ensure aviation safety and operational effectiveness. While the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) prescribes standardized phraseology, the diversity of non-native English accents in global aviation presents persistent challenges for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. Asian-accented English, in particular, remains underrepresented in publicly available datasets, leading to significant transcription errors in this critical domain.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Boyle and Canning (2005) examined how audit education affected people's opinion of
poor auditor performance. The findings of this study revealed that those who had
received the most audit education were indeed the ones most sceptical of auditors'
work. Their study claimed that “exposure to audit education can significantly increase
perceptions of deficient auditor performance and consequently widen the deficient
performance gap” (Boyle and Canning, 2005).
Subject: business
Intent: Other
Query: I have a list of OpenAlex open access publications. I need to go through each open access paper and determine the following:

1) does the paper reference a mission or model from NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory?
2) what is the nature of the reference? is it a simple mention, or does the paper make use of the mission/model data?
3) how is the mission/model data used in terms of advancing research framework, paper arguments, methodology, assumptions, implementation, and citation network
Subject: computer science
Intent: Literature Understanding
Query: continue Different agile methodologies have been developed to address various challenges in software development. Some of the most popular agile methods include Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), Kanban, and their fusions \cite{Fuior2019KeyEF, Altameem2015ImpactOA}. "Scrum is the most used and the most useful agile framework currently available, both in research and in the industry", notably, Scrum has emerged as the most popular agile framework in both academic research and industry practice\cite{article}. Despite the considerable acclaim it has received, there exists a paucity of studies that provide  evidence and comprehensive analyses to claims regarding Scrum's superiority over alternative methodologies.
 The primary goal of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is to identify
gaps in the current literature by synthesizing the findings of multiple studies
and providing a comprehensive understanding of the research topic[6]. This is
particularly important in the context of Scrum, where claims of its superiority over
other methodologies may lack empirical support[7]. By systematically reviewing
the literature, an SLR can pinpoint areas that require further investigation, guide
future research efforts, and ensure that they are focused on addressing significant
questions[8]. This research aims
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: Are there any survey papers on progress towards spatiotemporal intelligence (e.g. 3D, video generation)? Spatiotemporal intelligence is defined as 1. understand and reason about spatial relationships between objects in 3D space and how these relationships evolve over time, and 2. generate visual content while maintaining physical consistency and temporal coherence. The paper doesn't have to use this term "spatiotemporal intelligence", as this is not a widely accepted term. Please focus on the two definitions instead.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Beyond 5G (B5G) networks are expected to support ultra-reliable, low-latency communication (URLLC) and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). These demands expose the limitations of conventional orthogonal access schemes such as TDMA and OFDMA, which suffer from scheduling overhead and inefficient spectrum utilization. Grant-free Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) offers a scalable alter-native by allowing devices to transmit without coordination.
While this improves access latency and spectral efficiency, it introduces new challenges in the form of signal collisions and interference. This motivates the need for a collision-aware and communication-efficient framework for WFL over grant-free NOMA systems.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Other
Query: Is there such a communication system that can measure the distance between nodes through RTT while realizing the communication function? And the transmission bandwidth of this communication system is relatively narrow? At the same time, the accuracy of timing synchronization can reach nanosecond level. Is there any paper that realizes such a communication system? Please note that I want to focus more on the implementation at the signal processing level, and provide IEEE papers as much as possible.
Subject: engineering
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Regarding gender, odds ratios indicated that being male had an effect on renal function decline. The results support previous studies on the influence of sex hormones. Specifically, the relative deficiency of estrogen, which is renoprotective in men, and the predominant secretion of testosterone, which promotes inflammatory responses and fibrosis, have been reported to act as risk factors for reduced renal function. In addition, the metabolic loading effects of relative increases in muscle mass in men have also been considered as a sex-dependent risk factor for impaired renal function.
Look for literature that provides evidence for this.
Subject: medicine
Intent: Paper Finding
Query: Introduction
Cybercrime is one of the most serious threats facing organizations in the modern era. These crimes are not limited to hacking computer systems or stealing information, but also include disrupting vital operations and illegally exploiting digital assets. They also target a variety of targets that are important to individuals and organizations, including personal and financial data, and digital infrastructure. Cybercrime aims to achieve financial gain, destroy business operations, and undermine trust between customers and partners. In this context, we will discuss the potential targets of these crimes, providing real-life examples to explain the reasons for targeting and the resulting effects, in addition to providing preventive solutions to protect against these crimes.
Subject: computer science
Intent: Other
Query: This patient has the following genetic patterns: This patient has the following genetic patterns: EGFR is overexpressed. This patient has the following phenotypes/clinical profile: this patient is Black/African American with no history of neoadjuvant treatment. Lapatinib works for this patient to treat triple negative breast cancer. Please explain why Lapatinib is effective for this patient with such genotype and clinical profile in terms of cancer biology
Subject: medicine
Intent: Literature Understanding