Finding a low dimensional representation of hierarchical, structured data described by a network remains a challenging problem in the machine learning community. An emerging approach is embedding these networks into hyperbolic space because it can naturally represent a network's hierarchical structure. However, existing hyperbolic embedding approaches cannot deal with attributed networks, in which nodes are annotated with additional attributes. These attributes might provide additional proximity information to constrain the representations of the nodes, which is important to learn high quality hyperbolic embeddings. To fill this gap, we introduce HEAT (Hyperbolic Embedding of ATributed networks), the first method for embedding attributed networks to a hyperbolic space. HEAT consists of 1) a modified random walk algorithm to obtain training samples that capture both topological and attribute similarity; and 2) a learning algorithm for learning hyperboloid embeddings from the obtained training samples. We show that by leveraging node attributes, HEAT can outperform a state-of-the-art Hyperbolic embedding algorithm on several downstream tasks. As a general embedding method, HEAT opens the door to hyperbolic manifold learning on a wide range of attributed and unattributed networks.
Beyond the two-dimensional hyperbolic disk, an @math -dimensional Poincar 'e ball can give more degrees of freedom to the embedding and capture further dimensions of attractiveness than just popularity'' and similarity'' @cite_8 @cite_1 . By embedding general graphs to trees, @cite_0 were able to achieve state-of-the-art results by extending the work of @cite_19 .
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Representation learning has become an invaluable approach for learning from symbolic data such as text and graphs. However, state-of-the-art embedding methods typically do not account for latent hierarchical structures which are characteristic for many complex symbolic datasets. In this work, we introduce a new approach for learning hierarchical representations of symbolic data by embedding them into hyperbolic space -- or more precisely into an n-dimensional Poincare ball. Due to the underlying hyperbolic geometry, this allows us to learn parsimonious representations of symbolic data by simultaneously capturing hierarchy and similarity. We present an efficient algorithm to learn the embeddings based on Riemannian optimization and show experimentally that Poincare embeddings can outperform Euclidean embeddings significantly on data with latent hierarchies, both in terms of representation capacity and in terms of generalization ability. Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative to the widely used Times Cited criterion for analysing citation networks. The approach involves taking account of the natures of the papers that cite a given paper, so as to differentiate between papers that attract the same number of citations.Design methodology approach – ArticleRank is an algorithm that has been derived from Google's PageRank algorithm to measure the influence of journal articles. ArticleRank is applied to two datasets – a citation network based on an early paper on webometrics, and a self‐citation network based on the 19 most cited papers in the Journal of Documentation – using citation data taken from the Web of Knowledge database.Findings – ArticleRank values provide a different ranking of a set of papers from that provided by the corresponding Times Cited values, and overcomes the inability of the latter to differentiate between papers with the same numbers of citations. The difference in rankings between Times Cited ... A citing sentence is one that appears in a scientific article and cites previous work. Citing sentences have been studied and used in many applications. For example, they have been used in scientific paper summarization, automatic survey generation, paraphrase identification, and citation function classification. Citing sentences that cite multiple papers are common in scientific writing. This observation should be taken into consideration when using citing sentences in applications. For instance, when a citing sentence is used in a summary of a scientific paper, only the fragments of the sentence that are relevant to the summarized paper should be included in the summary. In this paper, we present and compare three different approaches for identifying the fragments of a citing sentence that are related to a given target reference. Our methods are: word classification, sequence labeling, and segment classification. Our experiments show that segment classification achieves the best results. Abstract Documents in computer-readable form can be used to provide information about other documents, i.e. those they cite. To do this efficiently requires procedures for computer recognition of citing statements. This is not easy, especially for multi-sentence citing statements. Computer recognition procedures have been developed which are accurate to the following extent: 73 of the words in statements selected by computer procedures as being citing statements are words which are correctly attributable to the corresponding documents. The retrieval effectiveness of computer-recognized citing statements was tested in the following way. First, for eight retrieval requests in inorganiic chemistry, average recall by search of Chemical Abstracts Service indexing and Chemical Abstracts abstract text words was found to be 50 . Words from citing statements referring to the papers to be retrieved were then added to the index terms and abstract words as additional access points, and searching was repeated. Average recall increased to 70 . Only words from citing statements published within a year of the cited papers were used. The retrieval effect of citing statement words alone (published within a year) without index or abstract terms was the following: average recall was 40 . When just the words of the titles of the cited papers were added to those citing statement words, average recall increased to 50 .