Online updating a tracking model to adapt to object appearance variations is challenging. For SGD-based model optimization, using a large learning rate may help to converge the model faster but has the risk of letting the loss wander wildly. Thus traditional optimization methods usually choose a relatively small learning rate and iterate for more steps to converge the model, which is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose to offline train a recurrent neural optimizer to predict an adaptive learning rate for model updating in a meta-learning setting, which can converge the model in a few gradient steps. This substantially improves the convergence speed of updating the tracking model, while achieving better performance. Moreover, we also propose a simple yet effective training trick called Random Filter Scaling to prevent overfitting, which boosts the performance greatly. Finally, we extensively evaluate our tracker, ROAM, on the OTB, VOT, GOT-10K, TrackingNet and LaSOT benchmark and our method performs favorably against state-of-the-art algorithms.
Learning to learn or meta-learning has a long history @cite_46 @cite_17 @cite_42 . With the recent successes of applying meta-learning on few-shot classification @cite_55 @cite_53 and reinforcement learning @cite_15 @cite_28 , it has regained attention. The pioneering work @cite_37 designs an off-line learned optimizer using gradient decent and shows promising performance compared with traditional optimization methods. However, it does not generalize well for large numbers of descent step. To mitigate this problem, @cite_27 proposes several training techniques, including parameters scaling and combination with convex functions to coordinate the learning process of the optimizer. @cite_26 also addresses this issue by designing a hierarchical RNN architecture with dynamically adapted input and output scaling. In contrast to other works that output an increment for each parameter update, which is prone to overfitting due to different gradient scales, we instead associate an adaptive learning rate produced by a recurrent neural network with the computed gradient for fast convergence of the model update.
@cite_37 @cite_26 @cite_15 @cite_28 @cite_53 @cite_55 @cite_42 @cite_27 @cite_46 @cite_17
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A citing sentence is one that appears in a scientific article and cites previous work. Citing sentences have been studied and used in many applications. For example, they have been used in scientific paper summarization, automatic survey generation, paraphrase identification, and citation function classification. Citing sentences that cite multiple papers are common in scientific writing. This observation should be taken into consideration when using citing sentences in applications. For instance, when a citing sentence is used in a summary of a scientific paper, only the fragments of the sentence that are relevant to the summarized paper should be included in the summary. In this paper, we present and compare three different approaches for identifying the fragments of a citing sentence that are related to a given target reference. Our methods are: word classification, sequence labeling, and segment classification. Our experiments show that segment classification achieves the best results. In a document network such as a citation network of scientific documents, web-logs, etc., the content produced by authors exhibits their interest in certain topics. In addition some authors influence other authors' interests. In this work, we propose to model the influence of cited authors along with the interests of citing authors. Moreover, we hypothesize that apart from the citations present in documents, the context surrounding the citation mention provides extra topical information about the cited authors. However, associating terms in the context to the cited authors remains an open problem. We propose novel document generation schemes that incorporate the context while simultaneously modeling the interests of citing authors and influence of the cited authors. Our experiments show significant improvements over baseline models for various evaluation criteria such as link prediction between document and cited author, and quantitatively explaining unseen text. Scholars are increasingly citing electronic “web references” which are not preserved in libraries or full text archives. WebCite is a new standard for citing web references. To “webcite” a document involves archiving the cited Web page through www.webcitation.org and citing the WebCite permalink instead of (or in addition to) the unstable live Web page. This journal has amended its “instructions for authors” accordingly, asking authors to archive cited Web pages before submitting a manuscript. Almost 200 other journals are already using the system. We discuss the rationale for WebCite, its technology, and how scholars, editors, and publishers can benefit from the service. Citing scholars initiate an archiving process of all cited Web references, ideally before they submit a manuscript. Authors of online documents and websites which are expected to be cited by others can ensure that their work is permanently available by creating an archived copy using WebCite and providing the citation information including the WebCite link on their Web document(s). Editors should ask their authors to cache all cited Web addresses (Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs) “prospectively” before submitting their manuscripts to their journal. Editors and publishers should also instruct their copyeditors to cache cited Web material if the author has not done so already. Finally, WebCite can process publisher submitted “citing articles” (submitted for example as eXtensible Markup Language [XML] documents) to automatically archive all cited Web pages shortly before or on publication. Finally, WebCite can act as a focussed crawler, caching retrospectively references of already published articles. Copyright issues are addressed by honouring respective Internet standards (robot exclusion files, no-cache and no-archive tags). Long-term preservation is ensured by agreements with libraries and digital preservation organizations. The resulting WebCite Index may also have applications for research assessment exercises, being able to measure the impact of Web services and published Web documents through access and Web citation metrics. @PARASPLIT [J Med Internet Res 2005;7(5):e60] Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative to the widely used Times Cited criterion for analysing citation networks. The approach involves taking account of the natures of the papers that cite a given paper, so as to differentiate between papers that attract the same number of citations.Design methodology approach – ArticleRank is an algorithm that has been derived from Google's PageRank algorithm to measure the influence of journal articles. ArticleRank is applied to two datasets – a citation network based on an early paper on webometrics, and a self‐citation network based on the 19 most cited papers in the Journal of Documentation – using citation data taken from the Web of Knowledge database.Findings – ArticleRank values provide a different ranking of a set of papers from that provided by the corresponding Times Cited values, and overcomes the inability of the latter to differentiate between papers with the same numbers of citations. The difference in rankings between Times Cited ...