--- annotations_creators: - expert-generated language_creators: - expert-generated language: - en license: - apache-2.0 multilinguality: - monolingual size_categories: - 10K 3 times the upper limit of normal ( 3.1 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Ambrisentan appears to improve exercise capacity , symptoms , and hemodynamics in patients with PAH . The incidence and severity of liver enzyme abnormalities appear to be low", "UNLABELLED Pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) is characterized by functional and structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature , and despite the drug treatment that made significant progress , the prognosis of patients with advanced PH remains extremely poor . In the present study , we investigated the early effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) on experimental high blood flow-induced PAH model rats and discussed the mechanism . BMSCs were isolated , cultured from bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rat . The animal model of PAH was created by surgical methods to produce a left-to-right shunt . Following the successful establishment of the PAH model , rats were r and omly assigned to three groups ( n=20 in each group ) : sham group ( control ) , PAH group , and BMSC group ( received a sublingual vein injection of 1 - 5 \\u00d7 10(6 ) BMSCs ) . Two weeks after the administration , BMSCs significantly reduced the vascular remodeling , improved the hemodynamic data , and deceased the right ventricle weight ratio to left ventricular plus septal weight ( RV/LV+S ) ( P<0.05 ) . Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) and immunohistochemistry analysis results indicated that the inflammation factors such as interleukin-1\\u03b2 ( IL-1\\u03b2 ) , IL-6 , and tumor necrosis factor-\\u03b1 ( TNF-\\u03b1 ) were reduced ( P<0.05 ) ; the expression of matrix metallo proteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) was lower ( P<0.05 ) ; vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) was higher in BMSC group than those in PAH group ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Sublingual vein injection of BMSCs for 2 weeks , significantly improved the lung and heart injury caused by left-to-right shunt-induced PAH ; decreased pulmonary vascular remodeling and inflammation ; and enhanced angiogenesis", "Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life-threatening disease for which continuous intravenous prostacyclin has proven to be effective . However , this treatment requires a permanent central venous catheter with the associated risk of serious complications such as sepsis , thromboembolism , or syncope . Treprostinil , a stable prostacyclin analogue , can be administered by a continuous subcutaneous infusion , avoiding these risks . We conducted a 12-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled multicenter trial in 470 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension , either primary or associated with connective tissue disease or congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts . Exercise capacity improved with treprostinil and was unchanged with placebo ; the between treatment group difference in median six-minute walking distance was 16 m ( p = 0.006 ) . Improvement in exercise capacity was greater in the sicker patients and was dose-related , but independent of disease etiology . Concomitantly , treprostinil significantly improved indices of dyspnea , signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension , and hemodynamics . The most common side effect attributed to treprostinil was infusion site pain ( 85 % ) leading to premature discontinuation from the study in 8 % of patients . Three patients in the treprostinil treatment group presented with an episode of gastrointestinal hemorrhage . We conclude that chronic subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil is an effective treatment with an acceptable safety profile in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension", "BACKGROUND Endothelin 1 , a powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor and mitogen , might be a cause of pulmonary hypertension . We describe the efficacy and safety of bosentan , a dual endothelin-receptor antagonist that can be taken orally , in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension . METHODS In this double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 32 patients with pulmonary hypertension ( primary or associated with scleroderma ) were r and omly assigned to bosentan ( 62.5 mg taken twice daily for 4 weeks then 125 mg twice daily ) or placebo for a minimum of 12 weeks . The primary endpoint was change in exercise capacity . Secondary endpoints included changes in cardiopulmonary haemodynamics , Borg dyspnoea index , WHO functional class , and withdrawal due to clinical worsening . Analysis was by intention to treat . FINDINGS In patients given bosentan , the distance walked in 6 min improved by 70 m at 12 weeks compared with baseline , whereas it worsened by 6 m in those on placebo ( difference 76 m [ 95 % CI 12 - 139 ] , p=0.021 ) . The improvement was maintained for at least 20 weeks . The cardiac index was 1.0 L min(-1 ) m(-2 ) ( 95 % CI 0.6 - 1.4 , p<0.0001 ) greater in patients given bosentan than in those given placebo . Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 223 dyn s cm(-)(5 ) with bosentan , but increased by 191 dyn s cm(-5 ) with placebo ( difference -415 [ -608 to -221 ] , p=0.0002 ) . Patients given bosentan had a reduced Borg dyspnoea index and an improved WHO functional class . All three withdrawals from clinical worsening were in the placebo group ( p=0.033 ) . The number and nature of adverse events did not differ between the two groups . INTERPRETATION Bosentan increases exercise capacity and improves haemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension , suggesting that endothelin has an important role in pulmonary hypertension", "Background Systematic Review s ( SRs ) of experimental animal studies are not yet common practice , but awareness of the merits of conducting such SRs is steadily increasing . As animal intervention studies differ from r and omized clinical trials ( RCT ) in many aspects , the methodology for SRs of clinical trials needs to be adapted and optimized for animal intervention studies . The Cochrane Collaboration developed a Risk of Bias ( RoB ) tool to establish consistency and avoid discrepancies in assessing the method ological quality of RCTs . A similar initiative is warranted in the field of animal experimentation . Methods We provide an RoB tool for animal intervention studies ( SYRCLE \\u2019s RoB tool ) . This tool is based on the Cochrane RoB tool and has been adjusted for aspects of bias that play a specific role in animal intervention studies . To enhance transparency and applicability , we formulated signalling questions to facilitate judgment . Results The result ing RoB tool for animal studies contains 10 entries . These entries are related to selection bias , performance bias , detection bias , attrition bias , reporting bias and other biases . Half these items are in agreement with the items in the Cochrane RoB tool . Most of the variations between the two tools are due to differences in design between RCTs and animal studies . Shortcomings in , or unfamiliarity with , specific aspects of experimental design of animal studies compared to clinical studies also play a role . Conclusions SYRCLE \\u2019s RoB tool is an adapted version of the Cochrane RoB tool . Widespread adoption and implementation of this tool will facilitate and improve critical appraisal of evidence from animal studies . This may subsequently enhance the efficiency of translating animal research into clinical practice and increase awareness of the necessity of improving the method ological quality of animal studies" ], "target": "Conclusions SC therapy is effective for PAH in pre clinical studies .\\nThese results may help to st and ardise pre clinical animal studies and provide a theoretical basis for clinical trial design in the future .", "background": "Background Despite significant progress in drug treatment , the prognosis of patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) remains extremely poor .\\nMany pre clinical studies have reported the efficacy of stem cell ( SC ) therapy for PAH ; however , this approach remains controversial .\\nThe aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis is to assess the potential efficacy of SC therapy for PAH .", "reviews_info": "Background Despite significant progress in drug treatment , the prognosis of patients with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) remains extremely poor .\\nMany pre clinical studies have reported the efficacy of stem cell ( SC ) therapy for PAH ; however , this approach remains controversial .\\nThe aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis is to assess the potential efficacy of SC therapy for PAH ." } ``` __Cochrane__ ```json { "review_id": "CD007697", "pmid": [ "16394043" ], "title": [ "Aggressive surgical effort and improved survival in advanced-stage ovarian cancer." ], "abstract": [ "Residual disease after initial surgery for ovarian cancer is the strongest prognostic factor for survival. However, the extent of surgical resection required to achieve optimal cytoreduction is controversial. Our goal was to estimate the effect of aggressive surgical resection on ovarian cancer patient survival.\\n A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIC ovarian cancer undergoing primary surgery was conducted between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1998. The main outcome measures were residual disease after cytoreduction, frequency of radical surgical resection, and 5-year disease-specific survival.\\n The study comprised 194 patients, including 144 with carcinomatosis. The mean patient age and follow-up time were 64.4 and 3.5 years, respectively. After surgery, 131 (67.5%) of the 194 patients had less than 1 cm of residual disease (definition of optimal cytoreduction). Considering all patients, residual disease was the only independent predictor of survival; the need to perform radical procedures to achieve optimal cytoreduction was not associated with a decrease in survival. For the subgroup of patients with carcinomatosis, residual disease and the performance of radical surgical procedures were the only independent predictors. Disease-specific survival was markedly improved for patients with carcinomatosis operated on by surgeons who most frequently used radical procedures compared with those least likely to use radical procedures (44% versus 17%, P < .001).\\n Overall, residual disease was the only independent predictor of survival. Minimizing residual disease through aggressive surgical resection was beneficial, especially in patients with carcinomatosis.\\n II-2." ], "target": "We found only low quality evidence comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery in women with advanced ovarian cancer and carcinomatosis. The evidence suggested that ultra-radical surgery may result in better survival.\\u00a0 It was unclear whether there were any differences in progression-free survival, QoL and morbidity between the two groups. The cost-effectiveness of this intervention has not been investigated. We are, therefore, unable to reach definite conclusions about the relative benefits and adverse effects of the two types of surgery.\\nIn order to determine the role of ultra-radical surgery in the management of advanced stage ovarian cancer, a sufficiently powered randomised controlled trial comparing ultra-radical and standard surgery or well-designed non-randomised studies would be required." } ``` ### Data Fields __MS^2__ - `"review_id"`: The PubMed ID of the review. - `"pmid"`: The PubMed IDs of the included studies. - `"title"`: The titles of the included studies. - `"abstract"`: The abstracts of the included studies. - `"target"`: The conclusions, taken from the abstract of the review, that serve as the summarization target. - `"background"`: A description of the reviews objective. __Cochrane__ - `"review_id"`: The PubMed ID of the review. - `"pmid"`: The PubMed IDs of the included studies. - `"title"`: The titles of the included studies. - `"abstract"`: The abstracts of the included studies. - `"target"`: The conclusions, taken from the abstract of the review, that serve as the summarization target. ### Data Splits Each dataset is split into training, validation and test partitions __MS^2__ | train | validation | test | |------:|-----------:|-----:| | 14188 | 2021 | 1667 | __Cochrane__ | train | validation | test | |------:|-----------:|-----:| | 3752 | 470 | 470 | ## Dataset Creation Please refer to the following papers for details about dataset curation: [MSˆ2: A Dataset for Multi-Document Summarization of Medical Studies](https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.594.pdf) [Generating (Factual?) Narrative Summaries of RCTs: Experiments with Neural Multi-Document Summarization](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378607/) ### Curation Rationale [Needs More Information] ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization [Needs More Information] #### Who are the source language producers? [Needs More Information] ### Annotations #### Annotation process [Needs More Information] #### Who are the annotators? [Needs More Information] ### Personal and Sensitive Information [Needs More Information] ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact of Dataset [Needs More Information] ### Discussion of Biases [Needs More Information] ### Other Known Limitations [Needs More Information] ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators [Needs More Information] ### Licensing Information Licensing information can be found [here](https://github.com/allenai/mslr-shared-task/blob/main/LICENSE). ### Citation Information **DeYoung, Jay, Iz Beltagy, Madeleine van Zuylen, Bailey Kuehl and Lucy Lu Wang. "MS2: A Dataset for Multi-Document Summarization of Medical Studies." EMNLP (2021).** ```bibtex @inproceedings{DeYoung2021MS2MS, title={MSˆ2: Multi-Document Summarization of Medical Studies}, author={Jay DeYoung and Iz Beltagy and Madeleine van Zuylen and Bailey Kuehl and Lucy Lu Wang}, booktitle={EMNLP}, year={2021} } ``` **Byron C. Wallace, Sayantani Saha, Frank Soboczenski, and Iain James Marshall. (2020). "Generating (factual?) narrative summaries of RCTs: Experiments with neural multi-document summarization." AMIA Annual Symposium.** ```bibtex @article{Wallace2020GeneratingN, title={Generating (Factual?) Narrative Summaries of RCTs: Experiments with Neural Multi-Document Summarization}, author={Byron C. Wallace and Sayantani Saha and Frank Soboczenski and Iain James Marshall}, journal={AMIA Annual Symposium}, year={2020}, volume={abs/2008.11293} } ```