A randomised controlled trial of three aesthetic full-coronal restorations in primary maxillary teeth. The survival of resin modified glass ionomer and stainless steel crown restorations in primary molars, placed in a specialist paediatric dental practice Stainless steel crown versus modified open-sandwich restorations for primary molars: a 2-year randomized clinical trial. Retentive strength of luting cements for stainless steel crowns: an in vitro study. Multi-surface composite vs stainless steel crown restorations after mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Postoperative Pain following Pulpotomy of Primary Molars with Two Biomaterials: A Randomized Split Mouth Clinical Trial A comparative study of retentive strengths of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements with stainless steel crowns--an in vitro study. Retention of orthodontic bands with three different cements. Clinical Evaluation of Success of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(®), Laser and Biodentine(TM)- an In Vivo Study. The use of reinforced composite resin cement as compensation for reduced post length. A comparative evaluation of clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomy in primary molars using antioxidant mix and mineral trioxide aggregate: An in vivo 1-year follow-up study Comparative evaluation of formocresol and mineral trioxide aggregate in pulpotomized primary molars--2 year follow up. Long-term performance of posterior InCeram Alumina crowns cemented with different luting agents: a prospective, randomized clinical split-mouth study over 5 years Stainless steel crown versus multisurface amalgam restorations: an 8-year longitudinal clinical study. General dental practitioners' views on the use of stainless steel crowns to restore primary molars Microleakage of cements for stainless steel crowns. Effects of Nd:YAG laser pulpotomy on human primary molars. Comparison of regional bond strength in root thirds among fiber-reinforced posts luted with different cements. Mineral trioxide aggregate vs. formocresol in pulpotomized primary molars: a preliminary report. An in-vitro Evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability of two rotary Nickel Titanium systems (Twisted Files and Hyflex files) with conventional stainless Steel hand K-flexofiles by using Spiral Computed Tomography. Shear bond strengths of tooth fragments reattached or restored. Comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol as pulp medicaments for pulpotomies in primary molars Clinical evaluation of teeth restored with quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts.
AIM This r and omised clinical trial ( RCT ) compared the clinical outcomes of three aesthetic full-coronal restorations ( composite strip crowns , pre-veneered stainless steel crowns ( SSCs ) and pre-fabricated primary zirconia crowns )  in carious and traumatised primary maxillary incisors . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred and twenty nine teeth in 39 children aged between 3 to 5 years were included . Children were r and omly assigned to one of three treatment groups using a permuted block r and omisation technique with a total of 43 teeth in each group . After trainee calibration , restorations were placed and evaluated after 6 months . Outcomes evaluated were restoration failure , tooth wear of opposing teeth and gingival health . RESULTS The retention rate was highest for zirconia crowns ( 100 % ) followed by pre-veneered SSCs ( 95 % ) . Strip crowns were the least retentive ( 78 % ) . Zirconia crowns showed low grade abrasion in four opposing teeth . Teeth restored with resin composite and pre-veneered SSC showed an increase in mean gingival index score , while corresponding values decreased in zirconia crowns . CONCLUSION Resin composite strip crown is a highly sensitive technique leading to lower retention rate .  Pre-veneered stainless steel crowns showed increased incidence of facial veneer fracture .  Zirconia crowns are highly retentive and biocompatible but cause low grade of abrasion of their opposing natural dentition at the 6-month follow-up Aims To prospect ively report on the survival of resin-modified glass ionomer cement ( RMGIC ) , photac-fil and pre-formed stainless steel crown ( SSC ) restorations in primary molar teeth placed over a seven-year period in a specialist paediatric dental practice under private contract of remuneration . Method All primary molar restorations placed by a specialist paediatric dentist over a seven-year period were review ed and the outcome results recorded . Data were recorded at review visits until June 30 , 2003 . Data recorded included Class I restorations , Class II restorations and SSC . The Class II cavities were either mesial or distal , with or without buccal/palatal extensions . If both proximal surfaces were decayed or if after cavity preparation the result ant outline form was significantly larger than the minimal classical form , RMGIC was not used ; an SSC was placed instead . Stainless steel crown preparation followed conventional guidelines . The crowns were cemented with reinforced zinc oxide and eugenol ( Kalzinol ) . The status was recorded as satisfactory restoration , tooth exfoliated , tooth extracted for orthodontic reasons with the date of extraction , or needing replacement . If replaced then the reason for replacement was also recorded . Results A total of 544 Class I RMGICs , 962 Class II RMGICs , and 1,010 SSCs  were placed . At the last review of each restoration , 98.3 % of Class I , 97.3 % of Class II RMGICs and 97.0 % of SSCs were either satisfactory or withdrawn intact . Conclusion Under the conditions of private specialist practice -based study SSCs continued to prove very successful for the restoration of larger cavities and for pulp-treated primary molar teeth . For the smaller cavities RMGIC were also very successful OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical performance and survival of stainless steel crown ( SSC ) restoration  and  modified open-s and wich technique using resin-modified glass ionomer cement . DESIGN R and omized clinical trial . SETTING General dental practice . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 87 children aged 4 - 7 years at baseline with one or more primary molars that have undergone pulp therapy were r and omly assigned to receive either SSC or modified open-s and wich restoration . One hundred and sixty restorations were placed and evaluated after 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months using the Ryge criteria . RESULTS Comparable survival rates were observed for both SSC and modified open-s and wich restoration . With only four SSCs and six modified open-s and wich restorations failing over 24 months , the survival rates were high for both material s ( 2-year survival rate : 95.0 % for SSCs and 92.5 % for modified open-s and wich restorations ) . Significantly better gingival health ( P < 0.05 ) was observed for the modified open-s and wich restorations compared with SSCs , as only one modified open-s and wich restoration was rated Charlie compared to 13 SSCs . No significant differences were observed between the two material s for marginal integrity , proximal contact , occlusion , or recurrent caries . CONCLUSION The 2-year results indicated that the modified open-s and wich restoration is an appropriate alternative to SSC in extensive restorations , particularly where aesthetic considerations are important The present study evaluated and compared the retentive strength of three luting cements .  A total of forty five freshly extracted human primary molars were used in this study . The teeth were prepared to receive stainless steel crowns . They were then r and omly divided into three groups , of fifteen teeth each , so as to receive the three different luting cements : conventional glass ionomer resin modified glass ionomer and adhesive resin . The teeth were then stored in artificial saliva for twenty four hours . The retentive strength of the crowns was determined by using a specially design ed Instron Universal Testing Machine ( Model 1011 ) . The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA to evaluate retentive strength for each cement and Tukey test for pair wise comparison . It was concluded that retentive strength of adhesive resin cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement was significantly higher than that of the conventional glass ionomer cement PURPOSE Parents increasingly request esthetic restorations for their children 's teeth . This split mouth , r and omized controlled trial compared primary molars treated with white MTA pulpotomies and restored with either multi-surface composites ( MSC ) or stainless steel crowns ( SSC ) . METHODS Forty matched , contra-lateral pairs of molars received MTA pulpotomies  and were r and omly assigned to MSC or SSC restorations and evaluated clinical ly and radiographically at 6 and 12 months . Two calibrated , blinded examiners evaluated and scored radiographs . RESULTS Thirty-seven matched pairs were evaluated at 6 months , and 31 were available at 12 months . All teeth in both groups were radiographically and clinical ly successful at 6 and 12 months . Dentin bridge formation was noted in 20 % of the primary molars by 12 months . Although not significant , the composite group exhibited fewer intact clinical margins than the SSC group . The vast majority ( 94 % ) of teeth restored with composite displayed gray discoloration at follow-up exams , which did not appear to affect the quality of the restoration and is believed to be associated with the white MTA . CONCLUSIONS The white MTA pulpotomies succeeded over 12 months regardless of the restoration ; however , the teeth restored with composite were not as durable nor considered an esthetic alternative to the SSC Introduction : The aim of this r and omized clinical trial split-mouth study was to compare the postoperative pain following use of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement as pulpotomy agents in carious primary molars . Methods and Material s : Forty-seven children aged between 6 - 10 years old were enrolled in this study . Each child had two cariously involved primary molar in need of pulpotomy . After caries removal and preparing access cavity in one of the carious teeth , either MTA or CEM cement was r and omly used as the pulpotomy agent , while the other cariously involved primary molar tooth was capped with the other material in a separate visit . After covering the radicular pulp with one of the capping material s the teeth were permanently restored with stainless steel crown ( SSC ) .  Postoperative pain was recorded by using Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale ( Wong-Baker FPRS ) up to seven days following the treatment . Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon , McNemar , and chi square tests . Results : Forty-five patients fulfilled the treatment procedure and returned the Wong-Baker FPRS forms . Overall 65.6 % of the patients reported pain irrespective of the pulpotomy agents used . There was no significant difference in postoperative pain between the teeth that received either MTA or CEM cement as pulpotomy agents in the first , second and the third day ( P=0.805 , P=0.942 , P=0.705 , respectively ) following the procedure . The trend of the pain scores showed decreasing manner during the study period for the teeth in either groups of MTA or CEM cement . There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of analgesics used following the treatment ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusion : The findings of the present study showed that a majority of the children felt pain following pulpotomy and SSC placement ; however , there was no significant difference in pain reported when either MTA or CEM cement was used as pulpotomy agents This study was conducted on 30 extracted human primary molars to assess the retentive strengths of zinc phosphate , polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements . The teeth were embedded in resin blocks and were r and omly divided into 3 groups of 10 each . The occlusal surfaces of all teeth were reduced uniformly by 1.0 to 1.5 mm . All mesial , distal undercuts were removed and sharp angles rounded . This was followed by cementing pretrimmed and precontoured stainless steel crowns on each tooth with h and pressure and storing in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C for 24 hours . Retentive strength was tested using Instron Universal Testing Machine . The load was applied starting from a zero reading and gradually increased until the cemented stainless steel crowns showed signs of movement and then the readings were recorded . It was found that retentive strengths of zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements were statistically better ( P < 0.05 ) when compared to the polycarboxylate cement . Negligible difference ( 0 . 59 kg/cm2 ) was however observed between zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements In 1878 , zinc phosphate cement was introduced as a dental material and used to cement orthodontic b and s. The prevalence of enamel decalcification beneath orthodontic b and s has indicated the need for a fluoride-releasing orthodontic luting cement . The purpose of this study was to compare the retentive bond strengths of orthodontic b and s cemented individually with zinc polycarboxylate , glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cement adhesives .  Forty-eight extracted human molar teeth were embedded in resin blocks and each was r and omly assigned to one of the three cement groups . Adapted b and s were cemented by using h and pressure and a b and seater . The cemented teeth were then put in synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C for twenty-four hours . The force required to fracture the cement bond was used as a measure of cement retention . Using an Instron universal testing machine , a tensile load was applied to each cemented b and . The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test revealed no significant differences ( p > 0.05 ) among the retentive strengths of the three cements . Both the zinc polycarboxylate and the glass ionomer cements tested were found to be suitable as orthodontic luting agents . In addition , the ability to bond to enamel and stainless steel and to leach fluoride make the glass ionomer cement an ideal orthodontic cement INTRODUCTION Pulpotomy technique basically consists of removing the coronal pulp and fixing the radicular pulp with a medicament . It is the most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . AIM To evaluate the success and efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) , Lasers and Biodentine as pulpotomy agents both clinical ly and radiographically . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In the present study , 60 primary molars in children whose pulpal status warranted pulpotomy were selected and r and omly assigned into three groups that included MTA , Laser and Biodentine allocating 20 teeth to each group . The pulpotomy procedure was then performed on all selected teeth followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns . Later the patients were recalled for 3 months and 6 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation . RESULTS Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test to determine pair wise comparison of three agents with respect to clinical and radiographic criteria . Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA , Mc Nemars test was applied to evaluate the efficacy of each agent between 3 months and 6 months . The results showed that maximum success rate was found in MTA group . However , the comparison between three groups was statistically not significant ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Pulpotomies performed with either MTA , Laser or Biodentine are equally efficient with similar clinical /radiographic success and hence can be considered as alternatives to Formocresol STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Cements that yield high retentive values are believed to allow use of shorter posts . PURPOSE This study investigated the use of reinforced composite resin cement as compensation for reduced dowel length . MATERIAL AND METHODS The retention values of  stainless steel posts ( parallel-sided ParaPost and tapered Dentatus in 5- , 8- , and 10-mm lengths ) luted with Flexi-Flow titanium-reinforced composite resin and zinc phosphate cements were evaluated . Single-rooted extracted human teeth with crowns ( n = 120 ) , removed at the cementoenamel junction , were r and omly divided into 4 groups of 30 sample s each . Different post lengths were luted with either Flexi-Flow or zinc phosphate . Each sample was placed into a specialized jig and on a tensile testing machine with a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min , applied until failure . The effect of different posts and cements on the force required to dislodge the dowels was evaluated with multiple analyses of variance ( ANOVA ) . One-way ANOVA with Scheffé contrast was applied to determine the effect of different post lengths on the retentive failure of posts luted with the 2 agents . RESULTS Flexi-Flow reinforced composite resin cement significantly increased retention of ParaPost and Dentatus dowels ( P<.001 ) compared with zinc phosphate . One-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference ( P>.05 ) between mean retention of both dowels luted with Flexi-Flow for all posts length used ( 5 mm = 8 mm = 10 mm ) . Mean retention values of the groups luted with zinc phosphate showed a statistically significant difference ( P<.001 ) for the different post lengths ( 10 > 8 > 5 mm ) . Parallel-sided ParaPost dowels demonstrated a higher mean retention than tapered Dentatus dowels ( P<.001 ) . CONCLUSION In this study , Flexi-Flow reinforced composite resin cement compensated for the reduced length of shorter parallel-sided ParaPost and tapered Dentatus dowels Introduction : Pulpotomy technique is most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . Aim and Objective : The aim of the study was to evaluate the success and efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and antioxidant mix as pulpotomy agents both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods : A total of forty primary molars in children aged between 6 and 9 years , requiring for pulpotomy procedures , were selected . R and om sample s distribution was done , antioxidant mix ( n = 20 ) and MTA ( n = 20 ) both were used as pulpotomy agent . Under rubber dam isolation , pulpotomy procedure was performed in all sample s followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns . Later , the patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation . The data were evaluated using Fisher 's exact test . Results : Statistically analysis shows no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) with respect to clinical and radiographic success rate , but antioxidant mix showed more efficient result than MTA . Conclusion : Antioxidant mix pulpotomy is more biocompatible and cost effective than any other commercially available medicament AIM The aim of the present study was to clinical ly and radiographically evaluate Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) as an agent for pulpotomy in primary teeth and to compare it with that of Formocresol ( FC ) pulpotomy . METHOD Seventy first and second primary m and ibular molars of children were chosen on patients who required minimum two pulpotomies in either arch or same arch . After the st and ardized technique of Pulpotomy with MTA and Formocresol , all molars were treated with a thick mix of Zinc oxide Eugenol cement into the coronal pulp chamber followed by preformed stainless steel crown . The children were followed up for clinical and radio graphical examination after 6 , 12 and 24 month for Pain , Swelling , Sinus/fistula , Periapical changes , Furcation radiolucency and internal resorption . RESULTS MTA represents 97 % clinical success rate in comparison to Formocresol with 85 % success . Radiographically also MTA showed more promising results with 88.6 % success in comparison to Formocresol with 54.3 % . CONCLUSIONS Thus , MTA pulpotomy has emerged as an easier line of treatment to save the premature loss of primary teeth due to caries or trauma Objectives This prospect i ve , r and omized clinical split-mouth study investigated the 5-year performance of  InCeram Alumina posterior crowns cemented  with three different luting cements . 4-META- and MDP-based cements were used for adhesive luting . Glass ionomer cement served as control . Material s and Methods Sixty patients were treated with 149 ( n = 62 Panavia F/MDP ; n = 59 SuperBond-C&B/4-META ; n = 28 Ketac Cem/glass ionomer ) InCeram Alumina crowns on vital molars and premolars in a comparable position . Follow-up examinations were performed annually up to 5 years after crown placement using the modified United States Public Health Service ( USPHS ) criteria . Kaplan – Meier survival analysis comprised secondary caries , clinical ly unacceptable fractures , root canal treatment and debonding . Kaplan – Meier success rate included restorations with minimal crevices , tolerable color deviations ( < 1 Vitashade ) , and clinical ly acceptable fractures . Logistic regression models with a r and om intercept were fitted . Results The 5-year Kaplan – Meier survival probabilities were : SuperBond-C&B 88.7 % , Panavia F 82.8 % , Ketac Cem 80.1 % with no significant difference ( p = .813 ) . Endodontical treatment was carried out on 7.4 % of all abutment teeth , and 5.4 % revealed secondary caries . Unacceptable ceramic fractures were observed in 7.4 % . Debonding was a rare complication ( 1.3 % ) . The 5 year Kaplan – Meier success rate was 91.6 % for SuperBond-C&B- , 87.4 % for Ketac Cem- and 86.3 % for Panavia F-bonded restorations with no significant difference ( p = .624 ) . All cement types showed significant marginal deterioration over time ( p < .0001 ) . Conclusions Posterior InCeram Alumina crowns showed acceptable long-term survival and success rates independent of luting agent used . Ceramic fractures , endodontical treatments and secondary caries were the most frequent failures . Clinical relevance Glass-infiltrated Alumina crowns in combination with adhesive as well as conventional cementation can be considered as a reliable treatment option in posterior teeth Two alternative methods of restoring primary teeth that had multisurface lesions were examined in a clinical longitudinal study . In a paired comparison , stainless steel crowns proved far superior to multisurface amalgam restorations with respect to both lifespan and replacement rate .  Stainless steel crowns are not only more acceptable to the patient and more cost effective , but also more acceptable to the dentist because of the comparatively simple procedures involved in restoring even severely affected primary molars Aim To ascertain general dental practitioners ' views on the use of stainless steel ( pre-formed metal ) crowns to restore carious primary molars . Method Ninety-three general dental practitioners were selected at r and om from those practising in Lancashire , Cheshire and Greater Manchester in 2003 and interviewed separately about the clinical care they provide to the primary dentition . Before the interview participants recorded the care they would provide for a case scenario , describing a child with a carious lesion that the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry ( BSPD ) guidelines indicate should be treated with a stainless steel crown . Results In answering the case scenario only six ( 7 % ) of the dentists reported that they would fit a stainless steel crown .  Of the 93 dentists interviewed 71 % knew of the BSPD guidelines , but only 18 % had ever fitted a stainless steel crown  in general practice . Reasons given for not using stainless steel crowns were they are inappropriate for many children , time consuming to fit , difficult to manipulate , expensive , and ugly . Conclusion The BSPD guidelines on the use of stainless steel crowns do not reflect the views of the majority of general dental practitioners who consider these crowns unsuitable for most children and an impractical restorative technique in busy daily practice Microleakage is related to recurrent decay , inflammation of vital pulps , and reinfection of previously treated root canals . The purpose of this investigation was to compare the abilities of new adhesive cements and conventional nonadhesive controls to prevent microleakage under stainless steel crowns on primary anterior teeth . St and ardized preparations were made , and stainless steel crowns were adapted . Specimens were assigned r and omly to cement groups : zinc phosphate ( ZP ) , polycarboxylate ( PC ) , glass-ionomer ( GI ) , resin-modified glass-ionomer ( RMGI ) , RMGI with a dentin bonding agent ( RMGI + DBA ) , adhesive composite resin ( ACR ) and zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) .  Specimens were stored in water , aged artificially , stained , embedded , and sectioned , and the microleakage was measured . Group means and st and ard errors were calculated . ANOVA discerned differences among groups ( P < 0.0001 ) , and Turkey 's multiple comparisons testing ( P < 0.05 ) ranked the groups from least to most microleakage as follows : [ RMGI + DBA , RMGI , ACR , GI ] , [ ZP ] , and [ PC , ZOE ] . The adhesive cements significantly reduced microleakage The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Nd : YAG laser pulpotomy to formocresol pulpotomy on human primary teeth . Patients with a primary tooth that required pulpotomy because of pulpal exposure to caries , were selected for this study . After removal of coronal pulpal tissue , Nd : YAG laser at 2 W , 20 Hz , 100 mJ or a 1:5 dilution of formocresol was introduced into the canal orifice for complete hemostasis . IRM paste was then placed over the pulp stump , and the tooth was restored either with composite resin or stainless steel crown .  Sixty-eight teeth were treated with Nd : YAG laser and followed up for 6 to 64 months . Clinical success was achieved in 66 out of the 68 teeth ( 97 % ) , and 94.1 % were radiographically successful . In the control group , 69 primary molars were treated with formocresol and followed up for 9 to 66 months ; 85.5 and 78.3 % achieved clinical and radiographic success , respectively . The success rate of Nd : YAG laser pulpotomy was significantly higher than that of  formocresol pulpotomy .  The permanent successors of the laser-treated teeth erupted without any complications AIM To compare regional bond strength in different thirds of the root canal , among glass fiber-reinforced ( FRC ) endodontic posts luted with different cements , using the push-out test . MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically treated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer . The crown portion was removed , and a dowel space was prepared . Prepared teeth were r and omly assigned to one of six groups ( n = 10 ) for luting glass FRC Postec posts , with one of the six cement systems ( Ketac Cem Aplicap , Relyx Unicem Aplicap , Variolink II/Excite DCS , Panavia F/ED Primer , C&B cement/All-Bond 2 , and Multilink/Multilink Primer A/B ) , using an alignment technique . Specimens were embedded in resin , and each root was sectioned into six 1-mm thick serial slices . A push-out test was performed to measure regional bond strengths and to identify the type of failure . RESULTS The highest bond strength values were found in the cervical third and the lowest in the apical third . Highest values were obtained using Variolink II , Panavia F , and Multilink resin cements followed by C&B resin cement and Relyx Unicem ionomer resin cement ; Ketac-cem ionomer cement showed the lowest value . CONCLUSION Highest bond strength values were obtained in the cervical third and with resin cements PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with carious pulp exposure . METHODS Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) or FC ( control ) group by a toss of a coin . Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemostasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed ; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months . RESULTS The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure ( internal resorption detected at a 17 months postoperative evaluation ) in a molar treated with formocresol . None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 9 of 32 ( 28 % ) evaluated molars . This finding was detected in 2 out of the 15 teeth treated with FC ( 13 % ) and in 7 out of the 17 treated with MTA ( 41 % ) . CONCLUSION MTA showed clinical and radiographic success as a dressing material following pulpotomy in primary teeth and seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in primary teeth BACKGROUND The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare canal transportation and centering ability of Twisted and Hyflex Rotary Files with stainless steel h and k-flexofiles by using Spiral Computed Tomography . MATERIAL S & METHODS A total of 90 freshly extracted human m and ibular single rooted Premolar teeth were selected . The crowns were flattened with steel disks and a final dimension of 18-mm WL was achieved for each tooth . Canals were divided r and omly into 3 groups of 30 teeth each . Group I : Hyflex files , Group II : Twisted files , Group III : stainless steel h and k-flexofiles . Three sections from apical , mid-root , and coronal levels of the canal were recorded . All the teeth were scanned before and after instrumentation by using Spiral Computed Tomography . RESULTS K-files showed highest transportation and less centered when compared to the Twisted and Hyflex rotary files . No significant difference was found between TF and Hyflex CM instruments . CONCLUSION TF and Hyflex files shaped curved root canals without significant shaping errors when compared to the H and stainless steel k-flexofiles . How to cite this article : Kumar BS , Pattanshetty S , Prasad M , Soni S , Pattanshetty KS , Prasad S. An in-vitro Evaluation of canal transportation and centering ability of two rotary Nickel Titanium systems ( Twisted Files and Hyflex files ) with conventional stainless Steel h and K-flexofiles by using Spiral Computed Tomography . J Int Oral Health 2013;5(5):108 - 15 This study investigated the shear bond strengths of sectioned human m and ibular incisor edge fragments reattached using  luting cements , bonding agents or restored with composite resins . Seventy teeth were r and omly distributed among six experimental groups and a control group . Leaving half of the anatomic crowns exposed , the teeth were embedded in self-cure acrylic resins with the exposed part then sectioned . The fragments in groups 1 - 4 were bonded to their respective teeth using Clearfil Liner Bond 2V , Scotch Bond Multi Purpose Plus , Panavia-F and 3 M Opal Luting cement . The 5th and 6th groups were restored with composite resins ( Silux 3 M and Clearfil AP-X ) using their bonding agents ( Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond ) . The results indicated that reattachment of fractured incisal fragments by using new generation bonding agents was effective against shear stresses , comparable with the intact teeth . Instead of restoration with composite resins therefore reattachment of a fractured fragment might be more preferable in cases of dental trauma Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomised primary molars . Methods In this clinical trial study , 60 lower second primary molars of 46 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) and FC ( control ) groups by r and om numbered table . Following removal of the coronal pulp and haemostasis , the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Children arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation after 6 , 12 and 24 months . Results The treated teeth in FC group ( n = 18 ) were clinical ly and radiographically successful after 24 months . The radiographic follow-up evaluation revealed one failure ( furcation involvement ) in 18 molars treated with MTA after 24 months . The treated teeth in MTA group were clinical ly successful 24 months postoperatively . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in one of the teeth treated with MTA and four of the teeth treated with FC . Conclusion MTA could be used as a safe medicament for pulpotomy in cariously exposed primary molars and could be a substitute for FC PURPOSE This prospect i ve clinical follow-up evaluated the acceptability of quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy posts used in endodontically treated teeth over a 30-month period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In 132 patients , 180 endodontically treated teeth were restored using AEstheti-Plus quartz-fiber posts . The posts were luted with the All-Bond 2 adhesive system and C&B Resin Cement according to the manufacturer 's recommendations . The core was made with Core-Flo or Bis-Core , and all-ceramic crowns or metal-ceramic crowns were applied as final restorations . The parameters considered as clinical failure were displacement , detachment , or fracture of posts ; core or root fracture ; and crown or prosthesis decementation . Patients were reevaluated at 6 , 12 , 24 , and 30 months . RESULTS One cohesive failure involving a margin of the composite core was observed after 2 weeks , and two adhesive fractures were seen after 2 months . These failures were located between the cement and the dentin walls of the canals . All three failures occurred during removal of the temporary crown . The percentage of failures was thus 1.7 % over a 30-month period , but it was possible to successfully replace the restoration in all three failed cases . CONCLUSION Over a 30-month period , the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth using quartz-fiber posts showed good clinical results . No crown or prosthesis decementation was observed , and no post , core , or root fractures were recorded
Conclusion : Within the limitations of this study , thein vitro literature seems to suggest that the use of self-adhesive resin cements shows higher retentive strength , followed by resin-modified glass-ionomer cement ( RM-GIC ) and conventional GIC .
However , RM-GIC can be a preferred luting agent due to its clinical advantages over resin cements .
Thus , it can be concluded that choice of cement will depend on individual patient needs and clinical situation
Background : Stainless steel crowns ( SSCs ) are unique coronal restorative material s used commonly in the management of primary teeth with extensive caries .
Aim : The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the retentive strength of luting cements for SSCs .