Prospective assessment of CAD/CAM zirconia abutment and lithium disilicate crown restorations: 2.4 year results. Prospective study of zirconia-based restorations: 3-year clinical results. Retrospective clinical study of single-retainer cantilever anterior and posterior glass-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses at a mean follow-up of 6 years. Clinical survival of indirect, anterior 3-unit surface-retained fibre-reinforced composite fixed dental prosthesis: Up to 7.5-years follow-up. A 5-year prospective study of single-tooth replacements supported by the Astra Tech implant: a pilot study. 10-year clinical outcomes of fixed dental prostheses with zirconia frameworks. Clinical evaluation of root filled teeth restored with or without post-and-core systems in a specialist practice setting. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of All-Ceramic Single Tooth Implant Reconstructions Using Modified Zirconia Abutments: Radiographic and Prosthetic Results at 1 Year of Loading. Technical and biological complications/failures with single crowns and fixed partial dentures on implants: a 10-year prospective cohort study. Survival rate of endodontically treated teeth in relation to conservative vs post insertion techniques -- a retrospective study. Prospective evaluation of zirconia posterior fixed partial dentures: four-year clinical results. A randomized controlled clinical trial of 3-unit posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDP) with layered or pressed veneering ceramics: 3-year results. Five-year results of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing zirconia and titanium abutments supporting single-implant crowns in canine and posterior regions. Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing one‐piece and two‐piece dental implants supporting fixed and removable dental prostheses: 4‐ to 6‐year observations Findings of a Four-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Two-Piece and One-Piece Zirconia Abutments Supporting Single Prosthetic Restorations in Maxillary Anterior Region Risk factors for failure of glass fiber-reinforced composite post restorations: a prospective observational clinical study. Monolithic implant‐supported lithium disilicate (LS2) crowns in a complete digital workflow: A prospective clinical trial with a 2‐year follow‐up Survival characteristics of composite restorations in primary teeth Randomized-controlled clinical trial of customized zirconia and titanium implant abutments for single-tooth implants in canine and posterior regions: 3-year results. Randomized controlled clinical trial of customized zirconia and titanium implant abutments for canine and posterior single-tooth implant reconstructions: preliminary results at 1 year of function. Survival of two post systems--five-year results of a randomized clinical trial. Five-year prospective clinical study of posterior three-unit zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses Peri-implant conditions and marginal bone loss around cemented and screw-retained single implant crowns in posterior regions: A retrospective cohort study with up to 4 years follow-up
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM  Single-tooth implant restorations  are commonly used to replace anterior maxillary teeth . The esthetic , functional , and biologic outcomes are , in part , a function of the abutment and crown . PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to describe the implant , abutment , and crown survival and complication rates for CAD/CAM zirconia abutment and lithium disilicate crown restorations for single-tooth implants . MATERIAL AND METHODS As part of a broader prospect i ve investigation that enrolled and treated 141 participants comparing tissue responses at the conical interface ( CI ; AstraTech OsseoSpeed ) , flat-to-flat interface ( FI ; NobelSpeedy ) , and platform-switch interface ( PS ; NanoTite Certain Prevail ) of single-tooth implants  , computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing ( CAD/CAM ) zirconia abutments ( ATLANTIS Abutment ) and cemented lithium disilicate ( e.max ) crowns were used in the restoration of all implants . After 2.4 years in function ( 3 years after implant placement ) , the implant , abutment , and crown of 110 participants were evaluated . Technical and biologic complications were recorded . Demographic results were tabulated as percentages with mean values and st and ard deviations . Abutment survival was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method . RESULTS After 2.4 years , no abutments or crowns had been lost . Abutment complications ( screw loosening , screw fracture , fracture ) were absent for all 3 implant groups . Crown complications were limited to 2 crowns debonding and 1 with excess cement ( 2.5 % ) . Five biological complications ( 4.0 % ) were recorded . The overall complication rate was 6.5 % . CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM zirconia abutments restored with cemented lithium disilicate crowns demonstrated high survival on 3 different implant-abutment interface design s. No abutment or abutment screw fracture occurred . The technical complications observed after 2.4 years were minor and reversible . The use of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments with cemented lithium disilicate crowns is associated with high technical and biologic success at 2.4 years OBJECTIVES To evaluate  fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) and single crowns made of zirconia substructures veneered with new fluorapatite veneering porcelain . METHOD AND MATERIAL S Thirty-eight patients received 18 FDPs and 50 single crowns . Zirconia substructures were fabricated by a CAD/CAM system and veneered using the powder buildup technique . All restorations were cemented with glass ionomer . Baseline evaluation was performed 2 weeks after cementation with recall examinations at 12 , 24 , and 36 months by calibrated investigators . SEM was performed on replicas of all restorations . Survival probabilities according to Kaplan-Meier were calculated . RESULTS The mean service time was 35 ( + /- 14 ) months . After 3 years of clinical service , three biologic and five technical failures were recorded . All failures occurred in the FDP group . One FDP was removed after biologic failure of one abutment tooth . The Kaplan-Meier survival probability was 88.2 % after 35 months for all types of failures and 98.5 % concerning restorations in service . The type of restoration showed significant influence on the survival probability ( P < .001 , log-rank test ) . No influence on gingival parameters from the restorations was observed compared to control teeth . CONCLUSIONS Zirconia substructures veneered with fluorapatite veneering porcelain seem to be a reliable treatment option . More research has to be conducted to investigate differences between single crowns and FDPs PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the 6-year survival rates and technical/ biologic complication rates of single-retainer glass-ceramic resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses ( RBFDPs ) .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty patients with 49 anterior/posterior glass-ceramic RBFDPs were included . The RBFDPs  replaced 11 maxillary/m and ibular central incisors , 18 lateral incisors , 18 premolars , and 2 molars . Patients willing to participate were clinical ly and radiologically examined . The technical outcome was assessed with modified United States Public Health Service criteria . Fracture and /or chipping of the restoration , occlusal wear , marginal adaptation , marginal discoloration , shape , surface texture , and esthetic integration were recorded . Tooth vitality and postoperative sensitivity were tested . The following biologic parameters were assessed at test and control teeth : probing pocket depth , gingival recession , attachment loss , bleeding on probing , furcation involvement , and periodontal mobility . Statistical analysis was performed with exact 95 % confidence intervals to relative frequencies and the paired t test . RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with 35 RBFDPs participated . The mean follow-up of the RBFDPs was 6 years . Twelve patients with 14 RBFDPs were not willing to participate or not available . No catastrophic failures occurred . The 6-year survival rate of the examined RBFDPs was 100 % . No debonding was recorded . Chipping of the ceramic was found in 5.7 % of the RBFDPs . Biologic outcomes were similar at test and control teeth . CONCLUSION Glass-ceramic RBFDPs exhibited promising clinical outcomes in both anterior and posterior regions OBJECTIVES This prospect i ve clinical study evaluated the performance of indirect , anterior , surface-retained , fibre-reinforced-composite restorations ( ISFRCR ) . METHODS Between June-2003 and January-2011 , a total of 134 patients ( 83 females , 51 males , 16 - 68 years old ) received 175 ISFRCRs ( local ethical registration number : 14/9/4 ) . All restorations were made indirectly on a plaster model using unidirectional E-glass fibres ( everStick C&B , StickTech ) in combination with a laboratory resin composite ( Dialogue , Schütz Dental ) and cemented according to the instructions of 4 resin cements [ ( RelyX ARC , 3M-ESPE , n=61 ) , Bifix DC , VOCO , n=45 ) , Variolink II ( Ivoclar Vivadent , n=32 ) and Multilink ( Ivoclar Vivadent , n=37 ) ] . After baseline recordings , patients were followed at 6 months and thereafter annually up to 7.5 years . The evaluation protocol involved technical ( chipping , debonding or fracture of tooth/restoration ) and biological failures ( caries ) . RESULTS Mean observation period was 58 months . Altogether , 13 failures were observed [ survival rate : 97.7 % ] ( Kaplan-Meier ) . One catastrophic fracture [ ( cement : RelyX ARC ) , eight partial debonding ( cement : Bifix DC ( 5 ) , Multilink ( 1 ) , RelyX ARC ( 1 ) , Variolink II ( 1 ) ] and four delaminations of veneering composite [ ( cement : Bifix DC ( 2 ) , RelyX ARC ( 1 ) , Multilink ( 1 ) ] were observed . Except one replacement , all defective restorations were repaired or recemented . Annual failure rate of ISFRCRs was 1.73 % . The survival rates with the four resin cements did not show significant differences ( RelyX ARC : 98.3 % ; Bifix DC : 93.5 % ; Variolink 2 : 100 % ; Multilink : 100 % ) ( p=0.114 ) . Secondary caries did not occur in any of the teeth . CONCLUSION The 3-unit anterior indirect surface-retained resin-bonded FRC FDPs showed similar clinical survival rate when cemented with the resin cements tested . Experienced failures in general were due to debonding of the restoration or delamination of the veneering composite . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 3-unit surface retained resin-bonded FRC FDPs could be considered minimal invasive and cost-effective alternatives to conventional tooth- or implant-borne FDPs .  Failures were mainly repairable in the form of chipping or debonding depending on the resin cement type BACKGROUND Implant-supported single-tooth replacements are an increasingly used method to replace teeth , especially in young patients . Therefore , long-term validation of different treatment modalities with different implant systems is of great importance . PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to make a biologic , technical , and aesthetic evaluation of single-tooth replacement supported by the Astra Tech implant ( Astra Tech AB , Mölndal , Sweden ) during a 5-year period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty patients were divided into two consecutively treated groups . In group A the implants were placed " early " in the extraction sockets , and st and ard single-tooth abutments were used . In group B the implants were placed " delayed , " and preparable abutments were used . Clinical examinations including registration of plaque , bleeding , crown lengths , soft tissue marginal level , papilla height , complications , and radiography were performed yearly . At the 3-year control examination the patient and a dentist evaluated aesthetic appearance with a visual analog scale . RESULTS An implant survival rate of 100 % and a crown survival rate of 95 % over a period of 5 years were found . The mean loss of marginal bone adjacent to implants and neighboring teeth was less than 0.5 mm during the 5-year period , and there was no significant difference after crown placement between the treatment modality for group A and that for B. There were fewer clinical complications and repairs in group B than in group A. Soft tissue dimensions were more natural around implant crowns in group B as compared to group A , but this was not reflected in the patients ' satisfaction with aesthetic appearance . On the other h and the dentist judged the restorations in group B higher concerning aesthetics than in group A. CONCLUSION Implant-supported single-tooth replacement with the Astra Tech system is a reliable treatment result ing in a good 5-year prognosis and only few complications OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospect i ve clinical study was to assess the long-term clinical survival rate and the technical and biological complication rates of  zirconia-based posterior FDPs .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty-five patients in need of one or more posterior FDPs received 57 three- to five-unit zirconia-based FDPs .  The frameworks were fabricated by means of a prototype computer-aided manufacturing ( CAM ) system ( direct ceramic machining , DCM ) , first processing zirconia in the white stage . The frameworks were veneered with a prototype veneering ceramic . The FDPs were adhesively placed . At baseline , 6 months , and 1,2 , 3 , 5 , 8 and 10 years of function , the FDPs were examined for technical and /or biological complications . Furthermore , the periodontal health of the abutment teeth ( test ) and untreated control teeth was analyzed . Statistical analysis was performed applying descriptive statistics , Kaplan-Meier survival and multiple mixed effects regression tests . RESULTS Twenty-one patients with 26 FDPs were examined at a mean observation time of 10.7 + /- 1.3 years . A total of 16 FDPs were lost to follow-up . Fifteen FDPs had to be replaced due to technical/biological complications ; hence , the 10-year survival rate of the FDPs was 67 % . Three framework fractures occurred , result ing in a 10-year survival rate for the zirconia frameworks of 91.5 % . Chipping/fracture of the veneering ceramic was detected in 16 FDPs over 10 years ( complication rate 32 % ) . A significant correlation of the span of the FDPs and the incidence of chipping was observed : 4- and 5-unit FDPs had a 4.9 times higher probability for chipping than 3-unit FDPs . Marginal discrepancy/degradation was found in 90.7 % of the FDPs over 10 years . At 11 of the FDPs ( complication rate 27 % ) , secondary caries occurred . No difference of the periodontal health was found around test and control teeth . CONCLUSION The zirconia frameworks exhibited very good long-term stability . However , the zirconia-based FDPs frequently exhibited problems such as marginal deficiency or chipping of the veneering ceramic . Both problems may be associated with the prototype status of the system AIM To assess survival rates and complications of  root-filled teeth restored with or without post- and -core systems  over a mean observation period of > or=4 years . METHODOLOGY A total of 325 single- and multirooted teeth in 183 subjects treated in a private practice were root filled and restored with either a cast post- and -core or with a prefabricated titanium post and composite core . Root-filled teeth without post-retained restorations served as controls . The restored teeth served as abutments for single unit metal-ceramic or composite crowns or fixed bridges . Teeth supporting cantilever bridges , overdentures or telescopic crowns were excluded . RESULTS Seventeen teeth in 17 subjects were lost to follow-up ( 17/325 : 5.2 % ) . The mean observation period was 5.2 + /- 1.8 ( SD ) years for restorations with titanium posts , 6.2 + /- 2.0 ( SD ) years for cast post- and -cores and 4.4 + /- 1.7 ( SD ) years for teeth without posts . Overall , 54 % of build-ups included the incorporation of a titanium post and 26.5 % the cementation of a cast post- and -core . The remaining 19.5 % of the teeth were restored without intraradicular retention . The adjusted 5-year tooth survival rate amounted to 92.5 % for teeth restored with titanium posts , to 97.1 % for teeth restored with cast post- and -cores and to 94.3 % for teeth without post restorations , respectively . The most frequent complications included root fracture ( 6.2 % ) , recurrent caries ( 1.9 % ) , post-treatment periradicular disease ( 1.6 % ) and loss of retention ( 1.3 % ) . CONCLUSION Provided that high- quality root canal treatment and restorative protocol s are implemented , high survival and low complication rates of single- and multirooted root-filled teeth used as abutments for fixed restorations can be expected after a mean observation period of > or=4 years PURPOSE This study aims to test whether or not veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments with pink dental ceramic affects radiographic and technical outcomes of implant-supported single crowns ( ISSC ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Single tooth implants were r and omly restored with either pink-veneered zirconia abutments ( test ; n = 10 ) or non-veneered zirconia abutments ( control group ; n = 10 ) and all-ceramic crowns .  At baseline ( crown insertion ) , and 6- and 12-month radiographic and technical evaluations were performed including st and ardized x-rays and modified United States Public Health Service criteria ( technical ) . Survival and complication rates were assessed for implants and restorations . Robust linear mixed model analysis was performed to investigate the effect of group and time-point on radiographic outcomes . RESULTS At 1 year , the survival rate for implants was 100 % and 95 % for ISSC . Most of the implants were placed subcrestally . Therefore , mean marginal bone levels decreased in both groups between implant insertion and baseline ( p < .05 ) , but then remained stable up to 1 year ( test : 0.15 mm ± 0.42 mm ; control 0.23 mm ± 0.63 mm ) ( p > .005 ) . At 6 months , one minor chipping occurred in the test group . At 1 year , three crowns ( control ) exhibited occlusal roughness . In addition , one abutment fracture occurred ( test ) . The differences between test and control group were not statistically significantly different for any of the evaluated outcome measures ( p > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments did not affect biological and technical outcomes of ISSCs . Technical complications of the reconstructions , however , were frequent , result ing in a rate of 75 % of the crowns being complication free OBJECTIVES To assess prospect ively over 10 years the incidences of technical and /or biological complications and failures occurring in a cohort of consecutive partially edentulous patients with fixed reconstructions on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System . METHODS Eighty-nine patients were available , 34 ( 38.2 % ) were male , 55 ( 61.8 % ) were female . At the 10-year examination ( range 8 - 12 years ) , they were 58.9 years old ( range 28 - 88 years ) . RESULTS Single crowns ( SC ) : 48 patients had been restored with 69 SC on 69 implants . Five of the implants with the crowns were lost because of biological failures . Two crowns ( 2.9 % ) were remade because of technical failures . Total failure amounted to seven ( 10 % ) . Implant borne fixed partial dentures ( I-I FPD ) : In 29 patients who had been restored with 33 implant borne suprastructures , the total number of failed I-I FPD was 2 ( 6.1 % ) . Tooth-implant borne fixed partial dentures ( I-T FPD ) : In 21 patients , 22 mixed tooth-implant borne reconstructions were constructed . The number of failed FPD reached 7 ( 31.8 % ) . Statistically significantly fewer biological failures occurred with I-I FPD compared with the I-T FPDs ( ANOVA , Bonferroni , P=0.022 ) . The I-T FPDs experienced statistically significantly more frequent technical failures compared with the other two groups of suprastructures ( P=0.003 , 0.031 ) . Consequences of complications : The occurrence of loss of retention as a complication increased the odds ratio ( OR ) to 17.6 ( P<0.001 ) to end up in a technical failure . Similarly , the event of a porcelain fracture increased the OR for the suprastructure to be a failure at 10 years to 11.0 ( P < or = 0.004 ) . Treatment of periimplantitis increased the OR to 5.44 ( P < or = 0.011 ) to result in a biological failure compared with implants in which this type of treatment was not applied . CONCLUSION The three groups of suprastructures demonstrated marked differences in their patterns of failures and complications . Complications increased the risk for failure . Support by CRF , University of Berne , Switzerl and AIMS AND METHODS The purpose of this retrospective , non-r and omised cohort study was to evaluate the success rate of 775 endodontically treated teeth depending on the restoration type . A total of 508 patients with 775 endodontically treated teeth were examined during at least 12 months . The radiographic controls , time span between root canal filling and definitive restoration , restoration material type , inserted post system type and the occurrence of possible endodontically as well as restorative post-operative complications were recorded . RESULTS 18.3 % of the 775 investigated teeth were incisors and canines , 33.5 % were premolars and 48.2 % molars . Pre-fabricated and casted metal post systems were used only in 15.6 % of the endodontically treated teeth ( 18.4 % incisors and canines , 44.8 % premolars , 36.8 % molars ) . 6.6 % of the teeth had endodontically related symptoms or severe complications , whereas in 13.2 % of the teeth restored with metal posts showed complications , such as root or crown fractures . The Cox-Regression analysis showed that teeth restored with a post system had a statistically significant higher failure rate ( p = 0.044 ) than those which had been restored without posts . CONCLUSIONS The results showed a high success rate for endodontically treated teeth when the final restoration was placed within a short period of time ( two weeks ) . A higher tooth loss was observed when metal post systems were employed suggesting that pre caution is recommended when these types of posts are inserted PURPOSE In this prospect i ve clinical study , the performance of three- and four-unit fixed partial dentures ( FPDs ) with frameworks fabricated of yttria partially stabilized zirconia was determined after a mean observation period of 50 months . The study focused on the survival of the restoration ( in situ criterion ) and the success of the ceramic veneers ( no defect ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Seventy-five patients with a maximum of two missing teeth and an antagonistic dentition were treated at the Department of Prosthodontics , University of Goettigen , with 99 posterior FPDs . Fifty-one specimens ( experimental group ) were veneered with an experimental ceramic suitable for titanium and zirconia frameworks ( thermal expansion coefficient [ TEC ] : 8.5 microm/m*K ) ; 48 restorations ( Ceram-S group ) were veneered with a commercially available low-fusing ceramic optimized for zirconia frameworks ( TEC : 9.5 microm/m*K ) . All restorations were luted with zinc-phosphate cement . Statistical analysis was performed according to the Kaplan-Meier method ; time-dependent success rates of the different types of ceramic veneers were analyzed using the log-rank test . RESULTS Seven restorations were lost : 4 due to technical complications and 3 due to biologic complications . The overall survival rate after 48 months was 94 % ( Kaplan-Meier analysis ) . Twenty-three events required clinical intervention for restoration maintenance : 13 ceramic veneer chippings ( polishing ) , 6 losses of retention ( recementation ) , 3 caries lesions ( filling therapy ) , and 1 loss of vitality ( endodontic treatment ) . Between the two groups of veneering material s , no significant difference in the probability for success was determined ( log-rank test , P=.81 ) . CONCLUSIONS Within a mean observation period of 4 years , sufficient survival rates for zirconia-based posterior FPDs could be verified . The main complications included fracture of the ceramic veneering material and decementation , which occurred mainly in the m and ible OBJECTIVES The aim of the present pilot study was to test whether or not posterior zirconia-ceramic fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) with pressed veneering ceramic exhibit less chipping than FDPs with layered veneering ceramics . METHODS Forty patients ( 13 female , 27 male ; mean age 54 years ( range 26.1 - 80.7 years ) in need of one maxillary or m and ibular three-unit FDP in the second premolar or molar region were recruited and treated at two separate centers at the University of Zurich according to the same study protocol . The frameworks were made out of zirconia using a CAD/CAM system ( Cerec Sirona , Bensheim , Germany ) . The patients were r and omly assigned to either the test group ( zirconia frameworks veneered with pressed ceramic ; IPS e.max ZirPress , Ivoclar Vivadent AG , Schaan , Liechtenstein ; n=20 ) or the control group ( layered veneering ceramic ; IPS e.max Ceram , Ivoclar Vivadent AG , Schaan , Liechtenstein ; n=20 ) . All FDPs were adhesively cemented and evaluated at baseline ( i.e. , cementation ) , at 6 months and at 1 and 3 years of clinical service . The survival of the reconstruction was recorded . The technical outcome was assessed using modified United States Public Health Services ( USPHS ) criteria . The biologic parameters analyzed at abutment teeth and analogous non-restored teeth included probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque control record ( PCR ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , and tooth vitality ( CO2 ) . Data was descriptively analyzed and survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier statistics . RESULTS 36 patients ( 25 female , 11 male ; mean age 52.3 years ) with 18 test and 18 control FDPs were examined after a mean follow-up of 36 months ( 95 % CI : 32.6 - 39.1 months ) . Comparison of groups was done by Crosstabulation showing even distribution of the respective restored teeth amidst the groups . Survival rate was 100 % for both test and control FDPs . Chipping of the veneering ceramic tended to occur more frequently in test ( n=8 ; 40 % ) than in control ( n=4 ; 20 % ) FDPs , albeit not significantly ( p=0.3 ) . No further differences of the technical outcomes of test and control FDPs occurred . In both test and control group healthy conditions and no difference of the biologic parameters at the abutment and un-restored teeth was found . CONCLUSION Zirconia FDPs with pressed and layered veneering ceramics exhibited similar outcomes at 3 years . A trend to more chipping of the pressed veneering ceramic , however , was observed . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE  Posterior restorations with zirconia frameworks  are a viable treatment method . When restoring posterior teeth with all-ceramic restorations  , care providers should be aware of the higher rate of chipping compared to the published data on conventional metal-ceramic restorations OBJECTIVES To test the survival rates , and the technical and biological complication rates of customized zirconia and titanium abutments 5 years after crown insertion . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with 40 single implants in maxillary and m and ibular canine and posterior regions were included . The implant sites were r and omly assigned to zirconia abutments supporting all-ceramic crowns or titanium abutments supporting metal-ceramic crowns . Clinical examinations were performed at baseline , and at 6 , 12 , 36 and 60 months of follow-up . The abutments and reconstructions were examined for technical and /or biological complications . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque control record ( PCR ) and Bleeding on Probing ( BOP ) were assessed at abutments ( test ) and analogous contralateral teeth ( control ) . Radiographs of the implants revealed the bone level ( BL ) on mesial ( mBL ) and distal sides ( dBL ) . Data were statistically analyzed with nonparametric mixed models provided by Brunner and Langer and STATA ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS Eighteen patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments were available at a mean follow-up of 5.6 years ( range 4.5 - 6.3 years ) . No abutment fracture or loss of a reconstruction occurred . Hence , the survival rate was 100 % for both . Survival of implants supporting zirconia abutments was 88.9 % and 90 % for implants supporting titanium abutments . Chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred at three metal-ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments . No significant differences were found at the zirconia and titanium abutments for PPD ( meanPPDZrO2 3.3 ± 0.6 mm , mPPDTi 3.6 ± 1.1 mm ) , PCR ( mPCRZrO2 0.1 ± 0.3 , mPCRTi 0.3 ± 0.2 ) and BOP ( mBOPZrO2 0.5 ± 0.3 , mBOPTi 0.6 ± 0.3 ) . Moreover , the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments ( mBLZrO2 1.8 ± 0.5 , dBLZrO2 2.0 ± 0.8 ; mBLTi 2.0 ± 0.8 , dBLTi 1.9 ± 0.8 ) . CONCLUSIONS There were no statistically or clinical ly relevant differences between the 5-year survival rates , and the technical and biological complication rates  of zirconia and titanium abutments in posterior regions OBJECTIVES To test whether or not a one- ( S1 ) and a two-piece ( S2 ) dental implant systems render the same biological , technical , and esthetic outcomes regarding implants and implant-supported reconstructions over an observation period of 4 to 6 years . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty patients were r and omly assigned to receive S1 or S2 implants .  The implants were restored with either fixed or removable prostheses . The insertion of the final reconstruction was chosen as baseline . One-year and 4- to 6-year ( FU-5 ) measurements included biological ( e.g. marginal bone level , probing pocket depth , peri-implant mucositis , and peri-implantitis ) , technical ( e.g. fracture or loosening of prosthetic screws , fracture or loosening of abutments , fracture of framework , and /or veneering ceramic ( minor , major ) , loss of retention for cemented restorations ) , and esthetic parameters ( visibility of the crown margin , shimmering of the implant through the mucosa , the level of the facial margo mucosae compared to the contralateral tooth or implant site and the modified papilla index ) for implants and reconstructions . Survival and success rates of implants and reconstructions were calculated . Because of the asymmetric data distributions , nonparametric statistical methods were applied . RESULTS The implant-based analysis revealed a cumulative implant survival rate of 97.9 % ( S1 : 96.6 % ; S2 : 98.9 % ) at FU-5 . The median marginal bone level for group S1 changed from 0.51 mm at baseline to 0.49 mm at FU-5 and for group S2 from 1.02 mm to 1.35 mm ( P < 0.001 ) . Patient-level analyses demonstrated a frequency of peri-implant mucositis of 7.7 % ( S1 ) and 10.0 % ( S2 ) and for peri-implantitis of 7.7 % ( S1 ) and 13.3 % ( S2 ) at FU-5 . The patient-based cumulative implant survival rate was 94.6 % ( S1 : 92.3 % ; S2 : 96.7 % ) . The overall patient-based biological complication rate amounted to 15.4 % ( S1 ) and to 23.3 % ( S2 ) ( P = 0.517 ) , whereas the overall technical complication rates were 30.8 % ( S1 ) and 13.3 % ( S2 ) ( P = 0.349 ) . The prosthetic survival rates were 93.1 % for S1 and 100 % for S2 ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Both implant systems reveal high survival rates on the implant and prosthetic level . Apart from marginal bone-level changes , biological and technical outcomes did not reveal significant differences between the two implant systems The purpose of this r and omized controlled study is to investigate the clinical results obtained over four years and incidence of complications associated with one- versus two-piece custom made zirconia anchorages , in single tooth implant-supported restorations of the maxillary anterior region . Sixty-five patients , with a total of 74 missing maxillary teeth , were selected in the period from February 2007 to July 2010 . Two different ways of custom made zirconia abutment and final prosthetic restoration were evaluated : a st and ard zirconia abutment associated with a pressed layer of lithium disilicate with an all-ceramic cemented restoration versus one-piece restoration with the facing porcelain fired and pressed straight to the custom made zirconia abutment . In 29 cases , the restoration consisted of an all-ceramic restoration for cementation ( two pieces ) ; in 45 cases the restoration was a screw-retained restoration ( one piece ) . Three all-ceramic restorations broke during the observation time . Two one-piece restorations fractured after 26 months . At follow-up examination there were no significant differences between one-piece and two-piece groups regarding the PI , BI , and MBL . Awaiting studies with longer follow-up times , a careful conclusion is that zirconia anchorages for single-implant restorations seem to demonstrate good short-term technical and biological results Glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts are considered to have favorable mechanical properties for the reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth . The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the survival of two tapered and one parallel-sided glass fiber-reinforced endodontic post systems in teeth with different stages of hard tissue loss and to identify risk factors for restoration failure . One-hundred and forty-nine glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts in 122 patients were followed-up for 5 - 56 months [ mean + /- st and ard deviation ( SD ) : 39 + /- 11 months ] . Glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts were adhesively luted and the core was built with a composite resin .  Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of clinical variables and failure rate . Higher failure rates were found for restorations of anterior teeth compared with posterior teeth [ Hazard-Ratios ( HR ) : 3.1 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 1.3 - 7.4 ] , for restorations in teeth with no proximal contacts compared with at least one proximal contact ( HR : 3.0 ; 95 % CI : 1.0 - 9.0 ) , and for teeth restored with single crowns compared with fixed bridges ( HR : 4.3 ; 95 % CI : 1.1 - 16.2 ) . Tooth type , type of final restoration and the presence of adjacent teeth were found to be significant predictors of failure rates in endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts BACKGROUND The technical development of digital processing allows the production of anatomically full-contoured implant-supported restorations . PURPOSE The aim of this prospect i ve clinical trial was to analyze the treatment concept of monolithic lithium disilicate ( LS2 ) single-unit restorations in a complete digital workflow . MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four patients were restored with 50 screw-retained monolithic implant LS2 crowns bonded to pre-fabricated titanium abutments on soft tissue level implants ( Institut Straumann AG , Basel , Switzerl and ) in premolar and molar sites .  All implant restorations were digitally design ed after intraoral optical scanning ( IOS ) and CAD/CAM-processing without physical model situations . Study participants were clinical ly and radiographically examined based on an annually performed follow-up . The " Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score " ( FIPS ) was applied for objective outcome assessment after 2 years of loading . Five variables were defined for FIPS evaluation , result ing in a maximum score of 10 per implant restoration . Descriptive statistics were calculated for mean scores st and ard deviations , medians , and Q25 -Q75 . RESULTS All patients could be successfully treated within two clinical appointments . No clinical modifications were necessary for the seating of the monolithic crowns , neither for interproximal nor occlusal sites . The implant LS2 restorations  demonstrated survival rates of 100 % without any technical or biological complications after 2 years . The mean total FIPS score was 7.7 ± 1.0 , ranging from 6 to 10 . CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM-produced monolithic implant crowns out of LS2 in a complete digital workflow seem to be a feasible treatment concept for the rehabilitation of single-tooth gaps in posterior sites under mid-term observation Objectives This retrospective study analyzed restoration survival of  composite fillings in children with at high caries risk in relation to age , sex , operator , tooth type , filling extension , and material used . Material s and methods Among 667 children treated in 2004–2012 in a university setting without sedation or general anesthesia , 2388 composite fillings were included . Relevant data from regular recall intervals were retrieved from patients ’ records . Either total-etch or a self-etch adhesive combined with flowable and /or (nano)hybrid composite was used . The Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazard analysis with backward elimination model were applied for survival analysis . Results For the observation period of 8 years ( mean 1.7 years ) , the cumulative failure rate was 17.2 % with annual failure rates of 10.0 % . In 8.8 % of the cases , fillings failed due to secondary caries . In 8.3 % technical failure due to total filling loss , loosening , marginal gaps , or tooth fracture occurred . Tooth type , filling extension , age , operator , dental dam , and type of adhesive were significant for survival ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions Filling survival was comparably lower to composite restorations observed in prospect i ve clinical studies on permanent teeth and other tooth-colored restoratives used in primary teeth . Due to the very high caries risk and young age of the population , frequent loss due to secondary caries was observed . With respect to the high caries risk , composite restorations can be used to treat carious primary teeth , though a strict caries prevention regimen should be followed to minimize restoration failure . Clinical relevance Filling loss of composites in the primary dentition is associated with secondary caries on the long term OBJECTIVES The aim was to test whether or not zirconia abutments exhibit the same survival and technical/biological outcome as titanium abutments . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients receiving 40 single-tooth implants in canine and posterior regions were included . The implant sites were r and omly assigned to 20 zirconia and 20 titanium abutments . All-ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated . At baseline , 6 , 12 and 36 months , the reconstructions were examined for technical and biological problems . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque control record ( PCR ) and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) were assessed at abutments ( test ) and analogous contralateral teeth ( control ) . St and ardized radiographs of the implants were made and the bone level ( BL ) was measured referring to the implant shoulder on mesial ( mBL ) and distal sides ( dBL ) . The difference of color ( DeltaE ) of the peri-implant mucosa and the gingiva of control teeth was assessed with a spectrophotometer . The data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney Rank and Student 's unpaired t-tests . RESULTS Eighteen patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments  were examined at a mean follow-up of 36 months ( range 31.5 - 53.3 months ) . No fracture of an abutment or loss of a reconstruction was found . Hence , both exhibited 100 % survival . At two metal-ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred . No difference of the biological outcome of zirconia and titanium abutments was observed : PPD ( meanPPD(ZrO(2 ) ) 3.2 + /- 1 mm , mPPD(Ti ) 3.4 + /- 0.5 mm ) , PCR ( mPCR(ZrO(2 ) ) 0.1 + /- 0.2 , mPCR(Ti ) 0.1 + /- 0.2 ) and BOP ( mBOP(ZrO(2 ) ) 0.4 + /- 0.4 , mBOP(Ti ) 0.2 + /- 0.3 ) . Furthermore , the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments ( mBL(ZrO(2 ) ) 1.7 + /- 1 , dBL(ZrO(2 ) ) 1.6 + /- 1 ; mBL(Ti ) 2 + /- 1 , dBL(Ti ) 2.1 + /- 1 ) . Both , zirconia and titanium abutments induced a similar amount of discoloration of the mucosa compared with the gingiva at natural teeth ( DeltaE(ZrO(2 ) ) 9.3 + /- 3.8 , DeltaE(Ti ) 6.8 + /- 3.8 ) . CONCLUSIONS At 3 years , zirconia and titanium abutments exhibited same survival and technical , biological and esthetical outcomes OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether or not customized zirconia abutments exhibit the same survival rates in canine and posterior regions as titanium abutments , and to compare the esthetic result of the two abutment types . MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with 40 implants in posterior regions were included and the implant sites were r and omly assigned to 20 customized zirconia and 20 customized titanium abutments . All-ceramic ( AC ) and metal-ceramic ( MC ) crowns were fabricated . In all except two cases , the crowns were cemented on the abutments using resin or glass-ionomer cements . Two zirconia reconstructions were screw retained . At baseline , 6 and 12 months , the reconstructions were examined for technical and biological problems . Probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque ( Pl ) and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) were assessed and compared with natural control teeth . Furthermore , the difference of color ( DeltaE ) of the peri-implant mucosa and the gingiva of control teeth was evaluated by means of a spectrophotometer ( Spectroshade ) . The data were analyzed with Student 's unpaired t-test , ANOVA and regression analyses . RESULTS Twenty patients with 19 zirconia and 12 titanium abutments  were examined at a mean follow-up of 12.6+/-2.7 months . The survival rate for reconstructions and abutments was 100 % . No technical or biological problems were found at the test and control sites . Two chippings ( 16.7 % ) occurred at crowns supported by titanium abutments . No difference was found regarding PPD ( meanPPD(ZrO2 ) 3.4+/-0.7 mm , mPPD(Ti ) 3.3+/-0.6 mm ) , Pl ( mPl(ZrO2 ) 0.2+/-0.3 , mPl(Ti ) 0.1+/-1.8 ) and BOP ( mBOP(ZrO2 ) 60+/-30 % , mBOP(Ti ) 30+/-40 % ) between the two groups . Both crowns on zirconia and titanium abutments induced a similar amount of discoloration of the soft tissue compared with the gingiva at natural teeth ( DeltaE(ZrO2 ) 8.1+/-3.9 , DeltaE(Ti ) 7.8+/-4.3 ) . CONCLUSIONS At 1 year , zirconia abutments exhibited the same survival and a similar esthetic outcome as titanium abutments OBJECTIVE To assess the survival rate of two different post systems after 5 years of service with a prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial . METHOD AND MATERIAL S One hundred patients in need of a post were studied . Half of the patients received long glass fiber-reinforced posts , while the other half received long metal screw posts . The posts were assigned r and omly . After at least 5 years ( mean , 61.37 months ) , follow-ups were established . When a complication occurred prior to this recall , the type and time of the complication was documented . Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis . Additionally , a Cox regression was performed to analyze risk factors . RESULTS The survival rate of fiber-reinforced posts was 71.8 % . In the metal screw post group , the survival rate was significantly lower , 50.0 % ( log-rank test , P = .026 ) . Metal posts result ed more often in more unfavorable complications ( eg , root fractures ) ; consequently , more teeth ( n = 17 ) had to be extracted . The Cox regression identified the following risk factors : position of the tooth ( anterior vs posterior teeth ) , degree of coronal tooth destruction , and the post system  ( fiber-reinforced post vs metal screw post )  . Fiber-reinforced restorations loosened in several patients ; in some of these cases ( n = 6 ) , patients did not notice this , leading to the extraction of teeth . CONCLUSION Long metal screw posts should be used with great care in endodontically treated teeth . Besides the selection of the post system , other factors influence the survival of the restoration This prospect i ve clinical trial aim ed at evaluating the clinical performance of three-unit posterior zirconia fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) after 5 years of clinical function . Thirty-seven patients received 48 three-unit zirconia-based FDPs .  The restorations replaced either a premolar or a molar . Specific inclusion criteria were needed . Tooth preparation was st and ardized . Computer-aided design /computer-assisted manufacturing frameworks with a 9-mm2 cross section of the connector and a 0.6-mm minimum thickness of the retainer were made . The restorations were luted with resin cement . The patients were recalled after 1 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 , and 60 months . The survival and success of the ceramics and zirconia were evaluated . The technical and aesthetic outcomes were examined using the United States Public Health Service criteria . The biologic outcomes were analyzed at abutment and contralateral teeth . Descriptive statistics were performed . All FDPs completed the study , result ing in 100 % cumulative survival rate and 91.9 % and 95.4 % cumulative success rates for patients wearing one and two FDPs , respectively . No losses of retention were recorded . Forty-two restorations were rated alpha in all measured parameters . A minor chipping of the ceramics was detected in three restorations . No significant differences between the periodontal parameters of the test and control teeth were observed . Five-year clinical results proved that three-unit posterior zirconia-based FDPs were successful in the medium term for both function and aesthetic .  Zirconia can be considered a promising substitute of metal frameworks for the fabrication of short-span posterior prostheses The aim of the present study was to identify the peri-implant conditions ( bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , pocket probing depth ( PPD ) , modified plaque index ( mPI ) ) and marginal bone loss ( MBL , marginal bone level change between follow-up and occlusal loading ) around  cemented and screw-retained posterior single crowns on tissue-level implants .  The study was a retrospective cohort study with up to 4 years ( mean 2.5 years ) follow-up . Patients with either cemented or screw-retained crowns in posterior regions were included .  Implant survival , technical complications , BOP , PPD , mPI , MBL , biologic complications ( peri-implant mocositis and peri-implantitis ) were evaluated . Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the difference between the screw-retained group ( SG ) and cemented group ( CG ) . 176 patients ( SG : 94 , CG : 82 ) were included .  The implant survival rates were 100 % in SG and 98.8 % in CG . Prosthetic screw loosening was found in 8 restorations ( 8.7 % ) at follow-up visit . Peri-implant mucositis rate was significantly higher in the SG group ( 42.1 % ) than that in the CG group ( 32.2 % ) ( P = 0.04 ) . Six patients ( 6.38 % ) in the screw-retained group and 5 patients ( 6.10 % ) in the cemented group were diagnosed with peri-implantitis , the difference did not reach statistical significance ( P>0.05 ) . No significant difference of PPD , mPI and MBL were found between two groups ( P = 0.11 , 0.13 and 0.08 , respectively ) . High implant survival rates were achieved in both groups . Cemented single crowns on tissue-level implants showed comparable peri-implant conditions in comparison with two-piece screw-retained crowns . Well- design ed prospect i ve cohort or r and omized controlled clinical trials with longer follow-up are needed to confirm the result
An association between the kind of complications and different types of restorations could not be established .
Nevertheless , a relatively high failure rate due to caries and ceramic fractures was noted
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify if different types of indirect restorations used for single teeth had different biological and technical complications , as well as survival rates .