The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in petrochemical workers Effect of Daily Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Effect of Daily Consumption of Probiotic Yoghurt on Serum Levels of Calcium, Iron and Liver Enzymes in Pregnant Women The Effect of Probiotic Yogurt on Constipation in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients. Effect of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes Effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on inflammatory factors in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Dairy Intake Is Protective against Bone Loss in Older Vitamin D Supplement Users: The Framingham Study. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial Yogurt consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in the Italian European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort Effect of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on lipid profiles in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial Multicentric study of the effect of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei on the incidence of diarrhoea. Effect of Probiotic Yogurt and Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gums on Salivary S Mutans Count. Pretreatment with Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt can improve the efficacy of quadruple therapy in eradicating residual Helicobacter pylori infection after failed triple therapy. Daily Consumption of Synbiotic Yogurt Decreases Liver Steatosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Effect of Yogurt Containing Bifidobacteriumanimalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 Probiotic on Dental Plaque and Saliva in Orthodontic Patients Effect of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on insulin resistance in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial Effects of ingesting Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt in subjects with colonized Helicobacter pylori. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of synbiotic yogurt effect on the health of children. Effects of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs. Does eating yogurt prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea? A placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial in general practice. Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as prophylaxis for recurrent candidal vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis.
Objective : The aim of this study was to determine effects of probiotic yogurt and multispecies probiotic capsule supplementation on mental health and hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis in petrochemical workers . Methods : The present r and omized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 70 petrochemical workers . Subjects were r and omly divided into three groups to receive 100 g/day probiotic yogurt + one placebo capsule ( n = 25 ) or one probiotic capsule daily + 100 g/day conventional yogurt ( n = 25 ) or 100 g/day conventional yogurt + one placebo capsule ( n = 20 ) for 6 weeks . Mental health parameters including general health question naire ( GHQ ) and depression anxiety and stress scale ( DASS ) scores were measured . Fasting blood sample s were obtained at the beginning and 6 weeks after the intervention to quantify hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis . Results : After 6 weeks of intervention , a significant improvement of GHQ was observed in the probiotic yogurt ( 18.0 ± 1.5 vs. 13.5 ± 1.9 , P = 0.007 ) and in the probiotic capsule group ( 16.9 ± 1.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.9 , P = 0.001 ) , as well as a significant improvement in DASS scores in the probiotic yogurt ( 23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.0 ± 3.7 , P = 0.02 ) and the probiotic capsule group ( 18.9 ± 3.2 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0 , P = 0.006 ) . However , there was no significant improvement in the conventional yogurt group ( P = 0.05 for GHQ and P = 0.08 for DASS ) . Discussion : The consumption of probiotic yogurt or a multispecies probiotic capsule had beneficial effects on mental health parameters in petrochemical workers Background : Due to the enhanced oxygen requirement of the mitochondria-rich placenta primarily during the third trimester , pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress . This study was design ed to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on oxidative stress among Iranian pregnant women . Methods : This r and omized single-blind controlled clinical trial was performed among 70 pregnant women , singleton primigravida , aged 18 - 30 in their third trimester . Subjects were r and omly assigned to two groups to consume 200 g/day of either conventional yogurt ( n = 33 ) or probiotic yogurt ( n = 37 ) for 9 weeks . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after a 9-week intervention to measure oxidative stress parameters . Results : Consumption of probiotic yogurt result ed in increased erythrocyte glutathione reductase ( GR ) levels as compared to the conventional yogurt ( p = 0.01 ) . Despite the significant effect of probiotic yogurt consumption on plasma glutathione ( 67.9 µmol/l , p = 0.01 ) , erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ( 163 mmol/min/ml , p = 0.04 ) and serum 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine levels ( -74.3 ng/ml , p = 0.04 ) , no significant differences were found between the two yogurts in terms of their effects on the mentioned parameters . Conclusion : Consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women result ed in increased levels of erythrocyte GR as compared to the conventional yogurt , but could not affect other indices of oxidative stress Background : To reach fetal appropriate growth during the third trimester , the requirements for dietary calcium and iron intakes during the pregnancy increases . This study was carried out to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on serum calcium and iron levels and liver enzymes among Iranian healthy pregnant women . Methods : In this controlled clinical trial , 70 primigravida pregnant women carrying singleton pregnancy at their third trimester were participated . Participants were r and omly divided into two groups of consuming 200 g/d of conventional ( n = 33 ) or probiotic yogurts ( n = 37 ) for 9 weeks . The probiotic yogurt contained Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis with a total of min 1 × 107 CFU . To measure serum calcium , iron , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) levels , blood sample s were drawn in a fasting state at baseline and after 9 weeks intervention . Results : Consumption of probiotic yogurt result ed in maintaining serum calcium levels compared with the conventional yogurt ( P = 0.01 ) . Within-group differences in the conventional yogurt group revealed a significant reduction of serum calcium levels ( −1.7 mg/dL , P < 0.0001 ) . No significant differences were found between the two yogurts in terms of their effects on serum iron , AST and ALT levels . Conclusions : Consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women result ed in maintaining serum calcium levels compared with the conventional yogurt ; however , it could not affect serum iron , ALT and AST levels Background Probiotics can alter the colonic microbiota and might improve bowel function . Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of yogurt , enriched with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 4.8 × 1010 ( CFU ) on the symptoms of constipated pregnant women . Material s and Methods This triple-blind r and omized controlled trial was conducted on 60 constipated pregnant women who were diagnosed by the ROME III criteria in Tabriz , Iran from December 2014 to July 2015 . Participants were r and omly put into two groups including the treatment and the control group through block r and omization . The treatment group received 300 g of yogurt enriched with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 4.8 × 1010 colony forming units ( CFU ) ( n = 30 ) while the control group received conventional yogurt ( n = 30 ) for 4 weeks . The defecation frequency , stool consistency , straining during defecation , sensation of anorectal obstruction , sensation of incomplete evacuation and manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation were primary outcomes while the amount of defecation , stool colure , and quality of life were secondary outcomes . Results The frequency of defecation was increased from 2.1 ( 0.8 ) at baseline to 8.3 ( 4.4 ) in the probiotic yogurt group vs. 2.3 ( 0.7 ) at baseline to 8.1 ( 4.3 ) in the conventional yogurt group at the end of 4th week . These results were based on the repeated measure ANOVA test and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( mean difference : 0.1 ; Confidence Interval 95 % : -1.4 to 1.7 ; P = 0.872 ) . Constipation symptoms including straining , anorectal obstruction , manipulation to facilitate defecation , consistency of stool and color of stool were improved significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in both groups . In addition , the amount of defecation was significantly increased in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) , while incomplete evacuation was significantly reduced in the treatment group ( P = 0.01 ) . There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean scores of physical ( P = 0.726 ) and mental ( P = 0.678 ) aspects of quality of life after the intervention with the adjusting of baseline scores . Conclusions Consumption of 300 g/day probiotic and conventional yogurt can play a role in improving the symptoms of constipation during pregnancy OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes . Among various functional foods with an antioxidant effect , probiotic foods have been reported to repress oxidative stress . The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the effects of probiotic and conventional yogurt on blood glucose and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients . METHODS Sixty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus , 30 to 60 y old , were assigned to two groups in this r and omized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial . The patients in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 and those in the control group consumed 300 g/d of conventional yogurt for 6 wk .  Fasting blood sample s , 24-h dietary recalls , and anthropometric measurements were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial . RESULTS Probiotic yogurt significantly decreased fasting blood glucose ( P < 0.01 ) and hemoglobin A1c ( P < 0.05 ) and increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant status ( P < 0.05 ) compared with the control group . In addition , the serum malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased compared with the baseline value in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) . No significant changes from baseline were shown in insulin concentration and erythrocyte catalase activity within either group ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The consumption of probiotic yogurt improved fasting blood glucose and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients . These results suggest that probiotic yogurt is a promising agent for diabetes management The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic and conventional yogurt on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic people . In a r and omized double-blind controlled trial , 60 people ( 23 males and 37 females ) with type 2 diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) greater than 2.6 mmol/L were assigned to 2 groups . Participants consumed daily 300 g of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 or 300 g of conventional yogurt for 6 wk . Fasting blood sample s , anthropometric measurements and 3-d , 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial . Probiotic yogurt consumption caused a 4.54 % decrease in total cholesterol and a 7.45 % decrease in LDL-C compared with the control group . No significant changes from baseline were shown in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) in the probiotic group . The total cholesterol : HDL-C ratio and LDL-C : HDL-C ratio as atherogenic indices significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared with the control group . Probiotic yogurt improved total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in type 2 diabetic people and may contribute to the improvement of cardiovascular disease risk factors Introduction : The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications has been shown in some studies . The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes . Methods : Forty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were participated in this r and omized , double-blind controlled clinical trial and assigned to two intervention and control groups . The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt and subjects in the control group consumed 300 g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks . Anthropometric indices , dietary intakes , and serum levels of glucose , HbA1c , IL-6 , TNF-α and hs-CRP were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention . Results : For anthropometric indices and dietary intakes , no significant differences were seen within and between groups post intervention ( p > 0.05 ) . The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in HbA1c and TNF-α levels ( p= 0.032 and p= 0.040 , respectively ) in the intervention group . Conclusion : It is suggested that probiotic yogurt may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to control diabetic complications Previous studies have shown that inflammatory factors increases in pregnancy and is associated with several complications of pregnancy . The aim of this study was to assess effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on inflammatory factors in pregnant women . In a r and omized clinical trial , seventy primigravid ( the first pregnancy ) and singleton pregnant women aged 18 - 30 years were assigned to two groups . Subjects consumed daily 200 g probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium animalis BB12 ( 10(7 ) CFU g(-1 ) for each ) or 200 g conventional yoghurt for 9 weeks . Fasting blood sample s were collected at baseline ( 28 weeks of gestation ) and after intervention ( 37 weeks of gestation ) . Inflammatory factors , hs-CRP and TNF-alpha , were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA ) . Independent t-test was used to compare the two groups after intervention and paired- sample t-test compared variables before and after treatment . The results showed that the probiotic yogurt brought about a decrease in the serum hs-CRP level , from 10.44 + /- 1.56 to 7.44 + /- 1.03 microg mL(-1 ) ( p = 0.041 ) . There was no significant change in the conventional yogurt group in the serum hs-CRP level ( 12.55 + /- 1.57 to 14.51 + /- 1.62 microg mL(-1 ) , p = 0.202 ) . The probiotic yogurt had no effect on TNF-alpha ( from 73.75 + /- 6.59 to 77.91 + /- 5.61 pg mL(-1 ) , p = 0.633 ) . Serum TNF-alpha did not change in the conventional yogurt group ( p = 0.134 ) . In conclusion probiotic yogurt significantly decreased hs-CRP in pregnant women but had no effect on TNF-alpha Background : Previous studies showed beneficial effects of specific dairy foods on bone health in middle-aged adults . Objective : We examined the association of milk , yogurt , cheese , cream , fluid dairy ( milk + yogurt ) , and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes with bone mineral density ( BMD ) and 4-y percentage of change in BMD [ ▵ % BMD ; femoral neck , trochanter , and lumbar spine ( LS ) ] . We further assessed whether these associations were modified by vitamin D supplement use in this cohort of older adults . Methods : Food-frequency question naire responses , baseline BMD ( hip and spine , n = 862 in 1988 - 1989 ) , and follow-up BMD ( n = 628 in 1992 - 1993 ) were measured in the Framingham study , a prospect i ve cohort study of older Caucasian men and women aged 67 - 93 y. Outcomes included baseline BMD and ▵ % BMD . Dairy-food intakes ( servings per week ) were converted to energy-adjusted residuals , and linear regression was used , adjusting for covariates . These associations were further examined by vitamin D supplement use . Results : The mean age of the participants was 75 y. In the full sample , dairy-food items were not associated with BMD ( P = 0.11 - 0.99 ) or with ▵ % BMD ( P = 0.29 - 0.96 ) . Among vitamin D supplement users , but not among nonusers , higher milk , fluid dairy , and milk + yogurt + cheese intakes were associated with higher LS BMD ( P = 0.011 - 0.009 ) . Among vitamin D supplement users , but not among nonusers , higher milk + yogurt + cheese intakes were protective against trochanter BMD loss ( P = 0.009 ) . Conclusions : In this population of older adults , higher intakes of milk , fluid dairy , and milk + yogurt + cheese were associated with higher LS BMD , and a higher intake of milk + yogurt + cheese was protective against trochanter BMD loss among vitamin D supplement users but not among nonusers . These findings underscore that the benefits of dairy intake on the skeleton may be dependent on vitamin D intake Background : Alteration in plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile has been documented in diabetic patients . The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients . Material s and Methods : A total of 44 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 - 60 years old who had low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-c ) ≥100 mg/dl enrolled in this r and omized , double – blind controlled trial and were assigned to two intervention and control groups . The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and subjects in the control group consumed 300 g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks . Anthropometric indices , dietary intake , and serum lipid profile were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention . Independent- sample t-test , paired sample t-test , ANCOVA , and repeated measures were used for statistical analysis . Results : The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in LDL-c/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-c ) ratio ( 3.13 ± 1.00 - 2.07 ± 0.71 , P = 0.016 ) . The levels of HDL-c were increased significantly ( 43.66 ± 6.80 - 50.42 ± 6.64 , P = 0.023 ) in the intervention group postintervention . However , there were no significant differences in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between two groups postintervention ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : It is suggested that probiotic yogurt consumption may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to improve dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes Fermented dairy products like yogurt have been suggested to protect against  colorectal cancer ( CRC )  . We conducted a prospect i ve study on 45,241 ( 14,178 men ; 31,063 women ) volunteers of the EPIC‐Italy cohort who completed a dietary question naire  including specific  questions on yogurt intake . During 12 years of follow‐up , 289 volunteers were diagnosed with CRC . Hazard ratios ( HRs ) for the disease and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models , stratified by dietary question naire and adjusted for energy intake and other potential confounders . Yogurt intake was inversely associated with CRC risk . For the energy‐adjusted model , HR for CRC in the highest versus lowest tertile of yogurt intake was 0.62 ( 95 % CI , 0.46–0.83 ) . In the full model adjusted for energy , simple sugar , calcium , fiber , animal fat , alcohol and red meat intake , as well as body mass index , smoking , education and physical activity , HR was 0.65 ( 95 % CI , 0.48–0.89 ) in the highest versus lowest tertile . The protective effect  of yogurt was evident in the entire cohort , but was stronger in men , although there was no interaction of sex with the yogurt – CRC association ( pinteraction 0.20 , fully adjusted model ) . In our prospect i ve study , high yogurt intake was significantly associated with decreased CRC risk , suggesting that yogurt should be part of a diet to prevent the disease . Investigation of larger cohorts is necessary to reveal any residual confounding of the association of yogurt intake with CRC risk Background : Due to enhanced fat storage primarily during the mid-pregnancy period , pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of lipid profiles . To our knowledge , no reports are available indicating the effects of probiotic yoghurt consumption on serum lipid profiles in pregnant women . Objective : This study was design ed to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on lipid profiles of Iranian pregnant women . Methods : This r and omized single-blinded controlled clinical trial was performed among 70 pregnant women , primigravida , aged 18–30 years old who were carrying singleton pregnancy at their third trimester . Subjects were r and omly assigned to consume 200 g/d of conventional ( n = 33 ) or the probiotic group ( n = 37 ) for 9 weeks . The probiotic yoghurt was a commercially available product prepared with the starter cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus , enriched with probiotic culture of two strains of lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 ) and bifidobacteria ( Bifidobacterium animalis BB12 ) with a total of min 1 × 107 colony-forming units . The conventional yoghurt contained the starter cultures of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after 9-weeks intervention to measure serum lipid profiles . Results : Although consumption of probiotic yogurt for 9 weeks had been result ed in a significant reduction in serum total- ( −53.7 mg/dL , p = 0.001 ) , LDL- ( −35.2 mg/dL , p = 0.006 ) and HDL-cholesterol levels ( −9.8 mg/dL , p = 0.002 ) as well as serum triglyceride concentrations ( −42.8 mg/dL , p = 0.029 ) , no significant differences were found comparing probiotic and conventional yogurts in terms of their effect on serum lipid profiles . Within-Group differences in conventional yogurt group revealed a significant reduction in HDL-cholesterol levels ( −8.4 mg/dL , p = 0.005 ) and borderline significant reduction in serum total cholesterol concentrations ( −21.6 mg/dL , p = 0.08 ) . Conclusion : In conclusion , consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women could not affect serum lipid profiles as compared to the conventional yogurt The aim of this study was to determine if supplementation of healthy children with milk fermented by yogurt cultures and Lactobacillus casei strain DN-114 001 could affect the incidence of acute diarrhoea when compared with traditional yogurt . The study was a multicentre , r and omised , double-blind trial , conducted over four months , on 928 children aged , at inclusion , 6 - 24 months . The study consisted of two periods : supplementation and observation . Subjects were supplemented daily with 100 g of one of the two dairy products being tested : st and ard yogurt and milk fermented by yogurt cultures and Lactobacillus casei ( 10(8 ) cfu/ml ) . Frequency or duration of any diarrhoea episode was evaluated . As far as frequency was concerned there was a statistically significant difference between the groups , the incidence of diarrhoea being significantly reduced by supplementation with L. casei fermented milk ( 15.9 % ) compared with yogurt ( 22 % ) ( p = 0.03 ) . These results suggest an additional benefit of L. casei in acute diarrhoea in children compared with st and ard yogurt BACKGROUND AND AIMS In addition to improving gastrointestinal health and intestinal microflora , probiotic bacteria have been recently suggested to decrease cariogenic agents in the oral cavity . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums on reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels . STUDY DESIGN This r and omized clinical trial recruited 50 female students with over 105 colony forming units S. mutans per milliliter of their saliva . The participants were r and omly allocated to two equal groups to receive either probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Bifidobacteriumbifidum ATCC 29521 ( 200 g daily ) or xylitol-containing chewing gums ( two gums three times daily after each meal ; total xylitol content : 5.58 g daily ) for three weeks . At baseline and one day , two weeks , and four weeks after the interventions , saliva sample s were cultured on mitis-salivarius-bacitracin agar and salivary S. mutans counts were determined . Data were analyzed with independent t-tests , analysis of variance , and Fisher 's least significant difference test . RESULTS In both groups , S. mutans counts on the first day , second week , and fourth weeks after the intervention were significantly lower than baseline values ( P < 0.05 ) . The greatest level of reduction in both groups was observed in the second week after the intervention . Moreover , although the reduction was greater in probiotic yogurt consumers , the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant . CONCLUSION Probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums seem to be as effective in reduction of salivary S. mutans levels . Their constant long-term consumption is thus recommended to prevent caries BACKGROUND Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt ( AB-yogurt ) can suppress Helicobacter pylori . Improvement of the eradication rate by quadruple therapy of residual H. pylori after failed triple therapy is needed . OBJECTIVE We tested whether prior treatment with AB-yogurt improved the efficacy of quadruple therapy  in eradicating residual H. pylori after failed triple therapy . DESIGN One hundred thirty-eight patients in whom triple therapy failed were enrolled for a culture study of H. pylori to assess antimicrobial resistance . These patients were then r and omly assigned in equal numbers to either a yogurt-plus-quadruple therapy group or a quadruple therapy-only group . The patients received 1 wk of quadruple therapy with or without a 4-wk pretreatment with AB-yogurt ( 400 mL/d ) . In the yogurt-plus-quadruple group , excessive delta(13)CO(2)/mL values of the (13)C-urea breath test were collected before and every 2 wk during the 4-wk ingestion of yogurt . For both groups , a (13)C-urea breath test was conducted > or = 6 wk after the quadruple therapy to assess the outcome of residual H. pylori eradication . RESULTS For the patients in the yogurt-plus-quadruple therapy group infected with either antibiotic-sensitive or -resistant H. pylori , the excessive delta(13)CO(2)/mL values of the (13)C-urea breath test were significantly decreased after the 4-wk ingestion of AB-yogurt ( P < 0.0001 ) . The yogurt-plus-quadruple therapy group had a higher H. pylori eradication rate than did the quadruple therapy-only group ( intention-to-treat analysis : 85 % compared with 71.1 % , P < 0.05 ; per- protocol analysis : 90.8 % compared with 76.6 % , P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION A 4-wk pretreatment with AB-yogurt can decrease H. pylori loads despite antimicrobial resistance , thus improving the efficacy of quadruple therapy  in eradicating residual H. pylori Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is the most common chronic liver disease in developed and developing countries . The use of synbiotics has been proposed as a probable management strategy for patients with NAFLD . Objective We investigated the effects of synbiotic yogurt on hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes as primary outcomes and on oxidative stress markers , adipokine concentration , and gut peptide concentration as secondary outcomes in patients with NAFLD . Methods In this 24-wk , open-label , r and omized controlled clinical trial , 102 patients [ 50 men and 52 women ; mean age : 40 y ; body mass index ( in kg/m2 ) ( mean ± SD ) : 31.2 ± 4.9 ] were r and omly assigned to 3 groups , including 2 intervention groups and 1 control group . The intervention groups consumed 300 g synbiotic yogurt containing 108 colony-forming units Bifidobacterium animalis/mL and 1.5 g inulin or conventional yogurt daily and were advised to follow a healthy lifestyle ( i.e. , diet and exercise ) . The control group was advised to follow a healthy lifestyle alone . We evaluated differences between groups in liver function measures by using repeated- measures ANOVA , ANCOVA , and logistic regression . Results At the end of the study , the grade s of NAFLD , as determined by ultrasonography , showed a significant decrease in the synbiotic group compared with the conventional and control groups ( P < 0.001 ) . The following significant mean ± SD decreases were seen in the synbiotic , conventional , and control groups , respectively : serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase ( -14.5 ± 15.6 compared with 4.6 ± 15.4 and 3.1 ± 14.4 IU/L ; P = 0.008 ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( -7.5 ± 6.1 compared with 3.0 ± 8.2 and 3.1 ± 5.7 IU/L ; P < 0.001 ) , alkaline phosphatase ( -26.2 ± 16.8 compared with 3.4 ± 30.1 and 1.5 ± 31.9 IU/L ; P = 0.024 ) , and γ-glutamyltransferase ( -6.0 ± 6.0 compared with 1.0 ± 6.4 and 7.6 ± 11.4 IU/L ; P < 0.001 ) . Conclusion Synbiotic yogurt consumption improved hepatic steatosis and liver enzyme concentrations in patients with NAFLD . This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website ( www.i rct .ir ) as I RCT 2017020932417N2 Aim : To assess how consumption of yogurt containing Bifidobacteriumanimalis subsp . lactis DN-173010 probiotic for a period of 2 weeks affects salivary and dental plaque levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment . Methods : A crossover , double-blind , r and omized and placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed with 26 volunteers . The study was divided into four periods . During periods 2 and 4 , the volunteers ingested yogurt containing probiotic or control yogurt daily for 2 weeks . Periods 1 and 3 were a 1-week run-in period and 4-week washout period , respectively . Saliva and dental plaque sample s were collected from each participant at the end of each period . Mutans streptococci , lactobacilli , and total cultivable microorganisms were counted . Values were compared between groups and across periods with the Wilcoxon 's test . Results : There was no difference between the yogurt containing probiotic and the control yogurt for any of the studied variables ( all p > 0.05 ) . A reduction in counts of total cultivable microorganisms was observed in dental plaque sample s after ingestion of either yogurts ( both p < 0.05 vs. baseline ) , but not in saliva ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Daily ingestion of yogurt with or without B. animalis subsp . lactis for a period of 2 weeks was beneficial in reducing total microbial counts in dental plaque . Therefore , no additional benefits were achieved by the use of the tested probiotic strain Background / objectives : Owing to excess body weight and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines primarily during the third trimester , pregnancy is associated with elevated insulin resistance . To our knowledge , no report is available indicating the effects of probiotic yoghurt consumption on serum insulin levels in pregnant women . This study was design ed to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on insulin resistance and serum insulin levels of Iranian pregnant women . Subjects/ methods : In this r and omized controlled clinical trial , 70 primigravida pregnant women with singleton pregnancy at their third trimester were participated . We r and omly assigned participants to consume 200 g per day of conventional ( n=33 ) or the probiotic group ( n=37 ) for 9 weeks . The probiotic yoghurt was a commercially available product prepared with the starter cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus , enriched with probiotic culture of two strains of lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 ) and bifidobacteria ( Bifidobacterium animalis BB12 ) with a total of min 1 × 107 colony-forming units . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after 9-week intervention to measure fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels . Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) was used to calculate insulin resistance score . Results : Although consumption of probiotic yogurt for 9 weeks did not affect serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR score , significant differences were found comparing changes in these variables between probiotic and conventional yogurts ( changes from baseline in serum insulin levels : + 1.2±1.2 vs + 5.0±1.1 μIU/ml , respectively , P=0.02 ; and in HOMA-IR score : −0.2±0.3 vs 0.7±0.2 , respectively , P=0.01 ) . Conclusions : It is concluded that in contrast to conventional yogurt , daily consumption of probiotic yogurt for 9 weeks maintains serum insulin levels and might help pregnant women prevent developing insulin resistance BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that ingesting lactic acid bacteria exerts a suppressive effect on  Helicobacter pylori infection in both animals and humans . Supplementing with Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt ( AB-yogurt ) was shown to improve the rates of eradication of H. pylori in humans . OBJECTIVE We administered AB-yogurt to subjects with asymptomatic H. pylori to test whether the yogurt could inhibit H. pylori growth . DESIGN The in vitro inhibition of H. pylori growth was determined by inoculating Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 or Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on plates that were inoculated with H. pylori . Assessment of the viability of H. pylori was performed by the mixed culture method with La5 or Bb12 . In an intervention study , 59 adult volunteers infected with H. pylori were given AB-yogurt ( 10(7 ) colony-forming units of both La5 and Bb12/mL ) twice daily after a meal for 6 wk . Eleven subjects positive for H. pylori infection were treated with milk placebo as control subjects . H. pylori bacterial loads were determined with use of the (13)C-urea breath test , which was performed before and 4 and 8 wk after the start of AB-yogurt supplementation . RESULTS Bb12 exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against H. pylori , whereas La5 did not show an effect . Administration of AB-yogurt decreased the urease activity of H. pylori after 6 wk of therapy ( P < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION Regular intake of yogurt containing Bb12 and La5 effectively suppressed H. pylori infection in humans OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic yogurt drink on the health , growth , and quality of life of healthy children 12 - 48 months of age in out-of-home child care . STUDY DESIGN Healthy children attending child care centers were enrolled in a prospect i ve , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . The intervention was a yogurt drink containing Streptococcus thermophilus , Lactobacillus bulgaricus , and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis ( BB-12 ) ( 5 × 10(9 ) cfu/100 mL serving ) , and 1 g of inulin ( synbiotic group ) vs a similar nonsynbiotic-containing acidified milk drink ( placebo group ) once daily for 16 weeks . The end points were days of diarrhea , fever , vomiting , symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection , use of antibiotics , physician visits , child care absenteeism , parental work absenteeism , and quality of life ( PedsQL 4.0 ; Mapi Research Trust , Lyon , France ) . RESULTS Compared with placebo ( n = 73 ) , children receiving synbiotic ( n = 76 ) had significantly fewer days of reported fever ( 1.85 vs 1.95 , P < .05 ) , significant improvement in social functioning ( P < .035 ; pre-to-end intervention ) , and school functioning ( P < .045 ; pre-to-mid intervention ) . More days with ≥ 3 loose/watery stools were reported in the synbiotic group ( P < .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation of children 's diet with yogurt containing probiotic bacteria BB-12 and inulin significantly reduced days of fever and improved social and school functioning . The increased frequency of bowel movements may be explained by an accelerating effect of BB-12 and inulin on intestinal transit . Further research on the possible benefits of synbiotics on children 's health is advised . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov : NCT00653705 OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs . METHODS Four hundred and two preschool children ( 217 males , 185 females ) , aged 3 - 5 years , whose height for age and /or weight for age were less than the reference level , were selected as subjects from 7 kindergartens in Beijing Fangshan District . The subjects were divided r and omly into control group ( CG , 201 ) and yogurt supplemented group ( YG , 201 ) . Each subject in YG was given one serving of yogurt ( 125 g ) for 5 days a week from March to December in 2001 , while nothing additional was provided to CG . All subjects kept their usual diet during the study . Anthropometry ( body height and weight and upper-arm circumference ) and the bone mineral density ( BMD ) of forearm were measured every 3 months . Disease status and dietary intake were also recorded and assessed . RESULTS The intake of calcium , zinc , and vitamin B2 in YG was significantly higher than that in CG . The incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea of children in YG were significantly less than those in CG . The height gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3 , 6 , and 9 months ( P<0.05 ) ( 1.90+/-0.49 cm vs 1.77+/-0.54 cm , 3.83+/-0.57 cm vs 3.64+/-0.66 cm and 5.43+/-0.69 cm vs 5.24+/-0.76 cm , respectively ) . The weight gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3 , 6 , and 9 months ( P<0.05 ) ( 0.70+/-0.43 kg vs 0.49+/-0.35 kg , 0.98+/-0.62 kg vs 0.80+/-0.60 kg and 1.42+/-0.76 kg vs 1.20+/-0.67 kg , respectively ) . The BMD of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 9 months ( P<0.05 ) ( 0.415+/-0.058 g/cm2 vs 0.400+/-0.065 g/cm2 ) . CONCLUSION Yogurt is beneficial to the improvement of calcium , zinc , and vitamin B2 intake , the decreasing of the incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea , and the promotion of the health and the growth and development of preschool children BACKGROUND Probiotic capsules have been shown to reduce the incidence of  antibiotic-associated diarrhoea  in a number of setting s. If probiotic yogurt were equally efficacious then it would provide a simple and cost-effective means of preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea . AIM To investigate whether eating live bio yogurt at the time of taking oral antibiotics can prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea . DESIGN OF STUDY This study was a three-arm ( bio yogurt , commercial yogurt , no yogurt ) r and omised controlled trial with double blinding between the two yogurt arms . SETTING A single primary care general practice surgery in Hingham , Norfolk . The study population included all ages except babies . METHOD Patients aged over 1 year who required a 1-week course of antibiotics were included in the study . There was complete follow up for 369 patients . The intervention was the consumption of 150 ml of live strawberry-flavoured yogurt for 12 days , starting on the first day of taking the antibiotic .  Diarrhoea was defined as ' three or more loose stools per day over at least 2 consecutive days ' within 12 days of starting the antibiotics . RESULTS Of the 120 patients in the no-yogurt group , 17 ( 14 % , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 9.0 to 21.5 ) developed diarrhoea . Of the 118 given commercial yogurt , 13 ( 11 % , 95 % CI = 6.6 to 17.9 ) developed diarrhoea ; nine of the 131 patients ( 7 % ; 95 % CI = 3.7 to 12.5 ) given bio yogurt developed diarrhoea ( P = 0.17 ) . CONCLUSION Overall , this study failed to demonstrate that yogurt has any effect on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea To compare and assess ingestion of yogurt that contained live Lactobacillus acidophilus with pasteurized yogurt as prophylaxis for  recurrent bacterial vaginosis ( BV ) and c and idal vaginitis  , we design ed a crossover trial during which patients were examined monthly for  c and idal infection and BV while they were receiving either a pasteurized yogurt or a yogurt that contained live L acidophilus .  Forty-six patients in 2 groups of 23 were r and omly assigned to each of the study groups . At least 28 ( 61 % ) participated during the first 4 months of the study . Seven patients completed the entire study protocol . We concluded that daily ingestion of 150 mL of yogurt , enriched with live L acidophilus , was associated with an increased prevalence of colonization of the rectum and vagina by the bacteria , and this ingestion of yogurt may have reduced episodes of BV
For studies of a similar design and which assessed the same outcomes in similar population groups , we report the potential for the combining of data across studies in systematic review s. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review has revealed the extensive evidence base for many outcomes which could be the focus of systematic review s exploring the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption
BACKGROUND The health effects of conventional yogurt have been investigated for over a century ; however , few systematic review s have been conducted to assess the extent of the health benefits of yogurt .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to assess the volume of available evidence on the health effects of conventional yogurt .