Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: respective contributions of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to coronary heart disease risk in apparently healthy men and women. Correlation of dyslipidemia with waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index in Iranian adults. Effect of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, on lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein particles in patients with elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Effects of resistance and multicomponent exercise on lipid profiles of older women. Increased atherogenic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in untreated subclinical hypothyroidism. Comparison of the Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid With Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Level of Serum Lipoproteins in Helicobacter pylori: A Randomized Clinical Trial Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein profiles in active and sedentary men with tetraplegia. Nonlinear Resistance Training Enhances the Lipid Profile and Reduces Inflammation Marker in People Living With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Serum Lipids in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertensive Men Plasma lipid and lipoprotein response of humans to beef fat, coconut oil and safflower oil. [An evaluation of the hypolipidemic effects of lovastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia. A multicenter study]. Effect of Zizyphus jujuba fruits on dyslipidemia in obese adolescents: a triple-masked randomized controlled clinical trial. Epidemiologic Evidence on Serum Adiponectin Level and Lipid Profile Effect of simvastatin on the lipid profile of hemodialysis patients. Lipid profile changes in Thai HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based antiretroviral therapy. The effect of exemestane, anastrozole, and tamoxifen on lipid profiles in Japanese postmenopausal early breast cancer patients: final results of National Surgical Adjuvant Study BC 04, the TEAM Japan sub-study. The effect of a home-based walking program on risk factors for coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolaemic men. A randomized controlled trial. Time and Intervention Effects of Daily Almond Intake on the Changes of Lipid Profile and Body Composition Among Free-Living Healthy Adults Increase in Standard Cholesterol and Large HDL Particle Subclasses in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients Prescribed Efavirenz Compared to Atazanavir/Ritonavir Effects of hazelnuts consumption on fasting blood sugar and lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes Effects of exercise program on appetite-regulating hormones, inflammatory mediators, lipid profiles, and body composition in healthy men. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among Jordanian adults. Effect of oat consumption on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic adults.
OBJECTIVES This study was design ed to test the hypothesis that at any low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) level , other lipid parameters such as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels , triglyceride ( TG ) levels , and the total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C are still associated with an increased coronary heart disease ( CHD ) risk . BACKGROUND Although LDL-C is considered to be the primary target of lipid-lowering therapy , other parameters of the lipoprotein-lipid profile may more closely associated with CHD risk . METHODS In the EPIC ( European Prospect i ve Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk prospect i ve population study , 21,448 participants without diabetes or CHD between age 45 and 79 years were followed for 11.0 years . A total of 2,086 participants developed CHD during follow-up . RESULTS Among individuals with low LDL-C levels ( < 100 mg/dl ) , after adjustment for age , sex , smoking , systolic blood pressure , waist circumference , physical activity , and hormone replacement therapy ( in women ) , those with non-HDL-C > 130 mg/dl had a hazard ratio ( HR ) for future CHD of 1.84 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.12 to 3.04 ) when compared with those with non-HDL-C levels < 130 mg/dl . In a similar model , individuals with TG levels > 150 mg/dl had an HR of 1.63 ( 95 % CI : 1.02 to 2.59 ) when compared with those with TG levels < 150 mg/dl , and individuals with a TC/HDL-C ratio > 5 had an HR of 2.19 ( 95 % CI : 1.22 to 3.93 ) when compared with those with a TC/HDL-C ratio < 5 . CONCLUSIONS In this prospect i ve study , independently of their plasma LDL-C levels , participants with high non-HDL-C levels , high TG levels , or with an elevated TC/HDL-C ratio were at increased CHD risk . CHD risk assessment algorithms as well as lipid targets of lipid-lowering trials may also need to consider other easily available parameters such as Overweight and obesity are increasing problems in many countries and are related to multiple cardiovascular risk factors . Although imaging techniques can determine total body fat and its distribution reliably , anthropometric measurements remain important in clinical practice . The purpose of this study was to determine the association between some anthropometric measurements and dyslipidemia as an important cardiovascular risk factor in Iranian population . A total of 750 subjects ( 580 females and 170 males ) were selected by multistage r and om sampling from residents of Arak ( Iran ) and related villages in 2005 . None of them had any significant past medical history .  Body mass index ( BMI ) , waist circumference(WC ) , and waist to height ratio(W/Ht ) of subjects were measured to identify their relationship with their lipid profile including total cholesterol(TC ) , triglyceride(TG ) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C ) , and the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol(TC/HDL-C ) . Fasting blood sugar ( FBS ) was also measured . WC and W/Ht showed greater correlation with TC , TG , LDL-C , TC/HDL-C level than did BMI . Among lipid profile , TG showed the closest correlation with W/Ht ( r=0.309 , p<0.001 ) and WC ( r=0.308 , p<0.001 ) . HDL-C level did not show any statistical relationship with W/Ht , but it was weakly correlated with WC ( r=-0.088 , p<0.05 ) . None of the indices showed any association with FBS level . It can be concluded that W/Ht and WC can best predict dyslipidemia in an Iranian adult population . We suggest using both W/Ht and WC as inexpensive and easy methods in clinical and epidemiological fields The effects of atorvastatin ( lipitor ) on cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were evaluated in this multicenter trial . Following a 6-week baseline period , 47 patients with elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels were treated with atorvastatin 10 mg once daily ( QD ) for the initial 12 weeks ( Period 1 ) increasing to 20 mg QD for the following 12 weeks ( Period 2 ) . At both the 10 and 20 mg doses , atorvastatin treatment result ed in significant reductions compared to pretreatment levels in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( VLDL-C ) , apolipoprotein ( apo ) B , apoB in LDL ( LDL-apo B ) , apo B in VLDL ( VLDL-apo B ) , lipoprotein (Lp)B , lipoprotein B-complex ( LpBc ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein triglycerides ( LDL-TG ) , very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride ( VLDL-TG ) , high-density lipoprotein triglycerides ( HDL-TG ) , and apo C-III .  Atorvastatin 10 and 20 mg QD also result ed in significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , apo AI , and LpAII : B : C : D : E. Due to its unique ability to normalize both cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-rich particles , atorvastatin is a promising c and i date for monotherapy in a broad range of patients including those with varying degrees of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two exercise programs of 8 months duration on lipid profiles in older women . METHODS In 2006 , 77 women from Porto , Portugal , aged 60 - 79 years were r and omly assigned into a multicomponent exercise ( ME ) program or resistance exercise ( RE ) program . Before- and after-training , body composition , daily physical activity ( DPA ) , aerobic endurance , plasma concentrations of total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and triglycerides ( TG ) were assessed . Training was performed twice weekly . The protocol for the ME included aerobic exercise , muscular endurance exercises and activities targeted to improve balance and flexibility . The RE protocol included leg press , leg extensions and curls , double chest raises , lateral raises , overhead press and abdominal exercises . RESULTS Significant decreases in TG ( -5.1 % , p=0.006 ) , and significant increases in HDL-C ( 9.3 % , p<0.001 ) were observed in the ME group . Following 8 months no significant changes were observed on lipid profile in RE group , although lipid- and lipoprotein-related variables tended to alter favorably . Both regimens result ed in significant improvements on 6-min walk test ( 6.4 % , p=0.001 for ME ; and 6.0 % , p=0.044 for RE ) . No significant changes were observed in total DPA and body fat in either group after exercise interventions . No significant correlations were found between body composition , physical activity , aerobic endurance , and lipid profile . CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that 8 months of ME may be more effective than RE for inducing favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein and lipid profiles OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of physiologic doses of levothyroxine replacement on the lipoprotein profile in patients with sub clinical hypothyroidism ( SCH ) . METHODS In a prospect i ve , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , we enrolled 120 patients --mostly , but not exclusively , premenopausal women -- with SCH . Patients were r and omly assigned to either a levothyroxine-treated group ( n = 60 ) or a placebo ( control ) group ( n = 60 ) .  Total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and triglycerides ( TG )  were measured before and 52 weeks after assignment to either group . RESULTS In the levothyroxine-treated group , the lipoprotein mean values before and after the 52-week study were as follows : TC , 5.05 + /- 0.98 mmol/L versus 4.74 + /- 0.87 mmol/L ( P<.0001 ) ; LDL-C , 3.30 + /- 0.90 mmol/L versus 2.89 + /- 0.59 mmol/L ( P<.01 ) ; TG , 1.18 + /- 0.71 mmol/L versus 0.95 + /- 0.53 mmol/L ( P<.002 ) ; and HDL-C , 1.20 + /- 0.33 mmol/L versus 1.19 + /- 0.32 mmol/L ( P = .29 ) . In the control group , TC , HDL-C , and TG values remained unchanged after 52 weeks in comparison with baseline , but LDL-C mean values increased from 2.79 + /- 0.60 mmol/L to 3.11 + /- 0.77 mmol/L , a change that was statistically significant ( P<.001 ) . At the end of the study , the lipid profile changes between levothyroxine-treated and control groups were compared . Total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower in the levothyroxine-receiving group ( P<.029 and P<.0001 , respectively ) in comparison with the control group . The difference did not reach statistical significance for TG and HDL-C values . CONCLUSION In premenopausal women , SCH has a negative effect on the lipoprotein profile and may translate into a sizable cardiovascular risk if left untreated Background : Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection around the world and an important cause of gastrointestinal disorders , which might be involved in the pathogenesis of some extragastrointestinal disturbances as well as changes in serum lipid profile . Hypolipemic properties of omega-3 fatty acids have been studied in several studies . Objectives : The present study aim ed to compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) supplementation on the level of serum lipoproteins in H. pylori . Patients and Methods : In a r and omized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical trial in Iran , 105 Helicobacter pylori were r and omly allocated to receive 2 g of daily EPA ( 35 patients ) , DHA ( 35 patients ) , or medium-chain triglyceride ( MCT ) oil as placebo ( 33 patients ) along with conventional tetra-drug H. pylori eradication regimen for 12 weeks . Results : From 105 included patients , 97 ( 31 in EPA , 33 in DHA , and 33 in control groups ) completed the study and were included in final analysis . The levels of total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and the ratios of TG/HDL-C , TC/HDL-C , and LDL-C/HDL-C were not significantly different among the three groups , while the level of triglyceride ( TG ) was statistically different . DHA ( -16.6 ± 30.34 ) and control ( + 15.32 ± 56.47 ) groups were statistically different with regard to changes in TG levels ( P = 0.000 ) . Conclusions : There was no difference between the effects of 2 g of EPA or DHA supplementation for 12 weeks on the levels of total cholesterol , LDL-C , HDL-C , TC/HDL-C , TG/HDL-C , and LDL-C/HDL-C ; however , it had a desirable effect on the level of TG in a way that the effect of DHA was clearer OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the risk profile of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) is more favorable in physically active men with tetraplegia compared with sedentary men with tetraplegia . DESIGN Using a cross-sectional design , the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein concentrations of 11 active and 13 sedentary men with tetraplegia were compared . Regression analysis was applied to investigate the influence of subject characteristics and behavioral factors on the risk profile of CHD . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total plasma cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , triglycerides , apolipoprotein-A1 ( ApoA1 ) , and apolipoprotein-B ( ApoB ) concentrations were determined . Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and the ratios TC/HDL-C , LDL-C/HDL-C , ApoA1/ApoB , and HDL-C/ApoA1 were calculated . RESULTS A significantly higher HDL-C and ApoA1/ApoB and lower TC/HDL-C were found in the active group . Age and body mass index were important determinants of the lipids and (apo)lipoproteins .  Sport activity was the only significant determinant of HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a positive influence of sport activity on HDL-C in men with tetraplegia , which may reduce the risk of CHD BACKGROUND Highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) is associated with high total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-c ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) levels . The natural course of the HIV infection reduces the high-density lipoprotein level ( HDL-c ) . Thus , physical exercise plays a key role in reducing the effects of HAART and HIV . METHODS Thirty people living with HIV ( PLHIV ) were r and omized to the nonlinear resistance training ( NLRT ) and control ( CON ) groups . The NLRT group underwent 12 weeks of resistance training , whereas the CON group maintained usual daily activities . All volunteers underwent anthropometric , body composition , and biochemical assessment s at the beginning and end of 12 weeks . RESULTS After 12 weeks , the NLRT group had increased lean body mass ( P < .0001 ) , and a reduction in body fat mass ( P < .0001 ) and body fat percentage ( P < .0001 ) . The levels of TC ( P < .0001 ) , LDL-c ( P = .049 ) , TG ( P < .0001 ) , and CRP ( P = .004 ) were reduced , and the HDL-c level increased ( P < .0001 ) . CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of NLRT causes beneficial changes in the body composition , lipid profile , and inflammation markers in PLHIV , and it can be used in this patient population The effect of antihypertensives on serum lipids in newly diagnosed male essential hypertensive patients was studied . The participants ( n = 99 ) were r and omly allocated to receive amlodipine , atenolol , enalapril , hydrochlorothiazide , and a combination of amlodipine and atenolol .  Lipid parameters were estimated before and after 8 weeks of therapy . The atenolol and thiazide group showed a significant increase in triglycerides ( TGs ) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( VLDL-C ) . High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) ratio were significantly increased and TC to HDL-C ratio was significantly decreased in the amlodipine and amlodipine— atenolol combination groups . In the enalapril group , we found a significant reduction in TC , TGs , VLDL-C , nonHDL-C , and TG to HDL-C ratio after treatment . It can be concluded from the present study that some drugs have beneficial effects on the lipid status , whereas others adversely affect the lipid status in hypertension This study 's purpose was to evaluate the fasting human plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to dietary beef fat ( BF ) by comparison with coconut oil ( CO ) and safflower oil ( SO ) , fats customarily classified as saturated and polyunsaturated .  Nineteen free-living normolipidemic men aged 25.6 + /- 3.5 yr consumed central ly-prepared lunches and dinners of common foods having 35 % fat calories , 60 % of which was the test fat . The test fats were isocalorically substituted , and each fed for five weeks in r and om sequences with intervening five weeks of habitual diets .  Plasma total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) concentrations among individuals follows the same relative rank regardless of diet . Triglycerides ( TG ) concentrations among individuals also maintain their relative rank regardless of diet but in a different order from that of the cholesterols . Plasma TC , HDL-C , and LDL-C responses to BF were significantly lower and TG higher than to CO . As compared to SO , BF produced equivalent levels of TG , HDL-C , and LDL-C and marginally higher TC . Thus , the customary consideration of BF as " saturated " and grouping it with CO appears unwarranted In the multicenter trial , the hypolipidemic efficacy and adverse event profile of lovastatin were estimated in 294 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia . The mean baseline ( on placebo ) lipid and lipoprotein values were : total serum cholesterol ( TC ) 313 mg/dl , triglycerides ( TG ) 168 mg/dl , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) 235 mg/dl , high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) 44.9 mg/dl . Lovastatin was begun with 20 mg/day , the dose being doubled after 4 and 8 weeks if the target reduction of TC < 200 mg/dl was not reached at those moments . At the end of the treatment the mean TC decreased by 29.5 % ( p ) as compared with the baseline level , TG by 14 % ( p ) . The normal target level of TC was reached in 106 patients ( 36 % ) , the borderline levels ( 200 - 240 mg/dl ) in 123 ( 42 % ) , high TC ( 240 mg/dl ) remained in 65 patients ( 22 % ) . LDL-C decreased by 38 % ( p ) , HDL-C increased by 7.8 % ( p ) , whereas LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased by 40 % ( p ) . The treatment was well tolerated by patients : mild clinical side effects were noticed in 2.7 % of patients and asymptomatic transient deviations of laboratory tests in 8.2 % . The authors conclude about high hypolipidemic efficacy and low adverse event profile of lovastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia OBJECTIVE This study aim ed to assess the effects of Ziziphus jujuba ( ZJ ) fruit on controlling dyslipidemia in obese adolescents . METHODS This triple-blind r and omized placebo-controlled clinical trial comprised 86 obese adolescents aged 12 - 18 years with dyslipidemia , i.e. serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) or total cholesterol ( TC ) or triglycerides ( TG ) equal or more than the age- and gender-specific 95th percentile or high density lipoprotein- cholesterol ( HDL-C ) less than 5th percentile . They were r and omly assigned into two groups of equal number Both groups received similar recommendations for dietary and physical activity habits . The case group received 5 grams of ZJ fruit powder three times a day for one month and controls took the same amount of a placebo powder .  Fasting blood sugar , TC , LDL-C , HDL-C and TG were measured at the beginning and at the end of the trial . Data were analyzed using General linear method ( multivariate ) test . FINDINGS Overall , 70 participants ( 51 % boys , mean age of 14 + /- 2 ) completed the trial . The two groups studied did not differ in terms of age , gender , weight and body mass index ( BMI ) . After the trial , serum TC decreased significantly ( 19 + /- 37 mg/dl in controls vs. 170 + /- 29 mg/dl in cases , P = 0.007 ) reduction . The corresponding figure was also significant for LDL-C ( 114 + /- 38 mg/dl vs. 104 + /- 22 mg/dl , respectively , P = 0.004 ) . The changes in BMI and other lipids were not significant . CONCLUSION This study suggest that ZJ 's fruits is generally well tolerated and may have potential favorable effects on serum lipid profile . While healthy lifestyle is the mainstay of controlling childhood obesity , this nutraceutical may be considered as a complementary treatment . Key words : Zizyphus , dyslipidemia , adolescence , obesity The concentration of adiponectin , a hormone which is secreted from adipose tissue , is inversely correlated with body fat mass . This hormone has anti inflammatory and anti atherogenic properties . Its concentration reduces in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases . This study review s the evidence on the relationship between serum  adiponectin concentration and lipid profile .  In this study former clinical trials , cross sectional and prospect i ve studies have been review ed . The PubMed search engine has been used to find related research for the topic by considering dyslipidemia , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high and low density protein ( HDL and LDL ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , lipid profile ( LP ) and adiponectin as the key words . Finally , 25 articles were recruited to review in the present article . Serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with plasma HDL cholestrol concentrations . There was a significant inverse relationship between plasma triglyceride and serum adiponectin . An inverse correlation between very low density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) and LDL levels and adiponectin was reported from the studies . So , Adiponectin has an important role in the metabolism of lipid profile including HDLc BACKGROUND Simvastatin , a 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase inhibitor , is used widely for treatment of hypercholesterolemia .  Simvastatin may be a suitable treatment for dyslipidemia in hemodialysis ( HD ) patients . However , investigation of the side-effects and safety of long-term administration of simvastatin to HD patients has been limited . In this study , we investigated the effects and safety of simvastatin and its effects on lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic patients on HD . METHODS Simvastatin was administered at a dosage of 5 mg/day for 24 weeks to 38 HD patients with high serum total cholesterol ( TC ) levels ( 200 mg/dl ) or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels ( 35 mg/dl ) . Every four weeks , serum lipids , apolipoprotein , lipoprotein ( a ) [ Lp(a ) ] and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels were measured . In addition , lipid levels were determined in each lipoprotein fraction separated by ultracentrifugation . RESULTS After 24 weeks of simvastatin administration , TC significantly decreased by 25.7 % , and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) was significantly decreased by 33.6 % . Triglyceride ( TG ) and HDL-C showed no significant changes . Apolipoprotein ( apo ) B significantly decreased by 24.5 % and apo E by 30.0 % . No significant changes were observed in the other apolipoproteins . MDA was also significantly decreased , whereas Lp(a ) was not significantly altered . In the lipoprotein fractions , very LDL cholesterol ( VLDL-C ) , intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( IDL-C ) , LDL1 cholesterol ( LDL1-C ) , and LDL2 cholesterol ( LDL2-C ) showed significant decreases . No particular side-effects were observed during the 12 months of simvastatin administration . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that simvastatin appears to be safe and effective in HD patients with hypercholesterolemia OBJECTIVE To study and compare the pattern of lipid profile changes in Thai HIV and tuberculosis ( TB ) co-infected patients after receiving two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-based antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) .  MATERIAL AND METHOD From an open label , r and omized , comparative trial comparing treatment outcome between HIV and TB co-infected patients receiving nevirapine ( NVP ) or efavirenz ( EFV ) combined with stavudine and lamivudine , patient 's body mass index ( BMI ) , CD4 cell count , plasma HIV-1 RNA , fasting blood glucose , plasma total cholesterol ( TC ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and triglyceride ( TG ) were collected at baseline , 24 , and 48 weeks of ART . RESULTS Of the 121 patients included in the present study , mean ( SD ) age was 36.9 ( 8.4 ) years and 66 % were male . After 48 weeks of ART the median ( IQR ) percentage of TC , LDL-C , HDL-C and TG values were 21.1 % ( 5.4 - 40.7 ) , 23.5 % ( -0.8 - 49.8 ) , 22.7 % ( 0 - 50 ) and -1.0 % ( -34.6 - 32.2 ) respectively . The median ( IQR ) percentage change of the HDL-C value was significantly higher in NVP-based than EFV-based ART ( 31.9 [ 9.6 - 50.0 ] vs. 12.2 [ -8.8 - 51.2 ] ; p = 0.03 ) . The proportions of patients with high TC ( 21.5 % ) and high LDL-C ( 29.2 % ) increased and low HDL-C ( 11.6 % ) decreased significantly at 48 weeks of ART compared to baseline ( all , p < 0.01 ) . The proportions of patients with high TC , high TG and low HDL-C were significantly higher in the EFV group than in the NVP group ( p = 0.03 for high TC , p = .01 for high TG and p < 0.01 for low HDL-C ) . CONCLUSION NNRTI-based ART is associated with increases of TC , LDL-C and HDL-C values  in Thai HIV and TB co-infected patients . More favorable lipid profile is observed in NVP-based than EFV-based ART BACKGROUND In this Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational Japan sub- study , we evaluated the time course of changes in serum lipids in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early breast cancer treated with exemestane , anastrozole , or tamoxifen for postoperative adjuvant therapy . PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 154 breast cancer patients were assigned to receive exemestane , anastrozole , or tamoxifen in this r and omized open-label study . Serum lipid parameters including triglyceride ( TG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) were measured during 1 year of treatment . RESULTS TC and LDL-C rapidly decreased in patients treated with tamoxifen at 3 months . Compared with anastrozole and exemestane patients , TC and LDL-C were significantly lower at all assessment time points in tamoxifen patients ( P < 0.05 ) . TG increased in tamoxifen patients ; it was significantly higher compared with exemestane patients at all assessment time points ( P < 0.05 ) . HDL-C slightly decreased in exemestane patients ; it was significantly lower compared with anastrozole patients at 3 months and 1 year ( P = 0.0179 and 0.0013 , respectively ) . CONCLUSION Changes of lipid profiles in Japanese postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen were relatively favorable , while exemestane and anastrozole had no clinical ly significant effect on the serum lipids BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolaemia and physical inactivity significantly contribute towards risk of coronary heart disease . Increased physical activity may be an effective way to improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolaemic individuals . The aim of this study was to investigate whether a home-based physical activity program meeting current guidelines improved the lipid profile of hypercholesterolaemic men . METHODS Sixty-seven hypercholesterolaemic men ( 55.1 ( 4.9 ) years ) , from Bristol Engl and , recruited between 2002 - 2004 , were r and omized to either 12 weeks of brisk walking sufficient to expend at least 300 kcal each walk or control condition .  Fasting lipids including total cholesterol ( TC ) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , glucose , insulin , blood pressure and anthropometric characteristics were measured at baseline and follow-up . Compliance was monitored using accelerometers and activity logs . RESULTS After controlling for baseline differences , TC/HDL-C was significantly lower in the intervention group at follow-up ( -0.28 , 95 % CI : -0.52 , -0.03 , p=0.03 ) . An increase in HDL-C ( 0.07 mmol/l : -0.01 , 0.12 , p=0.07 ) and reduction in TG ( -0.30 mmol/l : -0.64 , 0.03 , p=0.07 ) in intervention participants were of borderline statistical significance . Weight significantly decreased in intervention participants ( -1.40 kg : -2.43 , -0.38 , p<0.01 ) . No other significant between group effects were found . Compliance to the walking program was 97.6 % . CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of moderate intensity walking was sufficient to improve TC/HDL-C  in hypercholesterolaemic men , primarily through improvement in Abstract Favorable health benefits of almond have been shown in several previous studies . However , repeated measures , r and omized , controlled trials to investigate the changes due to almond intake based on the time effects have not yet been reported . The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily almond intake on changes in body composition and lipid profiles for 20 weeks with four measurements among healthy adults . Participants in the almond group showed favorable changes on blood lipid profiles , including levels of triglycerides ( TG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , and non-high-density lipoprotein ( non-HDL-C ) after consuming 56 g of almond per day for 20 weeks compared with those at baseline . At week 20 , subjects in the almond group showed significantly decreased TC , LDL-C , non-HDL-C , TG , body fat mass , and waist – hip ratio compared with those of the control group who consumed isocaloric control food . The mixed model also confirmed that there were significant time effects in several bioimpedance indicators ( i.e. , total body protein , fat-free mass , etc . ) and all of the lipid profile parameters in the almond group . These results confirm the effects of lipid-lowering and modifying body composition of almond consumption . In addition , our results suggest that the measuring time points would be critical to capture the effects of dietary intervention Abstract Background : Cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients is related , at least in part , to serum lipid alterations before and after HAART . Lipoprotein-particle subclasses may also have an effect , but comparative data after st and ard HAART regimens are limited . Methods : This was a sub study of a trial in 91 antiretroviral-naïve patients r and omized to tenofovir + emtricitabine + atazanavir/ritonavir ( ATV/r ) or efavirenz ( EFV ) .  Over-time trends from baseline to week 48 in total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , HDL particles ( HDLp ) , and TC : HDL-C and TG : HDL-C ratios were analyzed by analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) . Furthermore , confidence intervals for differences between the 2 groups at week 48 were calculated . Indications for lipid-lowering interventions and low HDL-C were also studied . Results : ANCOVA showed that , with respect to patients receiving ATV/r , those prescribed efavirenz ( EFV ) had greater increases reported as mean differences in lipid values at week 48 : 14 mg/dL ( 95 % CI , 0.2 to 27 ) for TC , 14 mg/dL ( 95 % CI , 4 to 25 ) for LDL-C , 5 mg/dL ( 95 % CI , 2 to 9 ) for HDL-C , and 2.2 mg/dL ( 95 % CI , 0.4 to 4 ) for large HDLp . Proportions of subjects with indications for lipid-lowering interventions and with HDL-C < 40 mg/dL did not differ significantly . Conclusions : Patients prescribed EFV had greater increases in TC , LDL-C , and HDL-C. Although no significant differences were detected between the 2 groups for the TC : HDL ratio and for indications to start lipid-lowering interventions , large HDLp increased more in the EFV group compared to the ATV/r group , suggesting a protective effect associated with EFV use Background : Previous studies have demonstrated that nuts consumption have beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic or normolipidemic subjects . However , similar studies in diabetes field are quite rare . So , we aim ed to investigate the effects of hazelnut consumption on fasting blood sugar ( FBS ) and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 Diabetes . Material s and Methods : An 8-week controlled r and omized parallel study in patients with type 2 diabetes . Fifty eligible volunteers were assigned to either the control or intervention groups . 10 % of total daily calorie intake was replaced with hazelnuts in intervention group . Blood sample s were collected from fasting patients at the start and at the end of the study . Results : After 8 weeks , there were significant differences in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) concentrations between two groups , using analyses of covariance ( P = 0.009 ) , which was due to the larger HDL-C reduction in control group ( P = 0.003 ) . Although , Hazelnut group achieved greater reduction in triglyceride ( TG ) concentrations than control group , these changes were not statistically significant . Neither between-group changes nor within-group changes were significant for FBS , total cholesterol ( TC ) , TG , and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels . Conclusion : Results of this study indicated that incorporation of hazelnuts into diet can prevent reduction of HDL-C concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes , but had no effect on FBS or other lipid profile indices AIM Exercise can improve appetite , inflammatory mediators , lipid profiles , and body composition in overweight or obese patients . However , it has not yet been clearly eluci date d how exercise affects healthy people in relation to these variables . Thus , we investigated the effects of an exercise program on appetite-regulating hormones , inflammatory mediators , lipid profiles , and body composition in healthy men . METHODS Thirty sedentary men were recruited and r and omly assigned to two groups ( exercise group , EG , N.=15 and control group , CG , N.=15 ) . Total plasma ghrelin , leptin , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) , and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunoassay . Total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C and LDL-C ) were determined by enzymatic assay . Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis . RESULTS After 8 weeks , the ghrelin and leptin levels of CG showed a tendency to increase , whereas those of EG were significantly decreased . Although TNF-α and CRP , except for IL-6 , showed a tendency to increase in CG , all three tended to decrease in EG after 8 weeks . TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in CG . The TC , TG , and LDL-C levels of EG were remarkably decreased , whereas HDL-C was significantly increased . In EG , body weight , fat mass , percent fat , and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased , whereas muscle mass was significantly increased after 8 weeks . CONCLUSION The present study results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of an exercise program by altering appetite-regulating hormones , decreasing inflammatory factors , and improving lipid profiles and body composition in healthy young men BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia , which has been closely linked to pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases , is a key independent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases . Estimation of the prevalence of dyslipidemia ensures proper planning of health actions for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases . OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of various types of dyslipidemia and determine their associated factors among adults in north of Jordan . METHOD Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study that included a r and om sample of 1121 Jordanians aged 25 years and older .  High total cholesterol ( TC ) was defined as TC ≥200 mg/dL and hypertriglyceridemia as serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dL. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) was defined as serum HDL-C < 40 mg/dL. High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) was defined as serum LDL-C ≥130 mg/dL. RESULTS Of a total of 1121 subjects , 48.8 % had high TC level , 40.7 % had high LDL-C  , 40.1 % had low HDL-C , 43.6 % had high triglyceride levels , and 75.7 % had at least one abnormal lipid level . Age was associated with high triglycerides , high LDL-C , and high TC . Men were more likely than women to have a high triglycerides level and low HDL-C. Compared with people with a body mass index < 25 , overweight and obese subjects had greater odds of having high triglycerides , high TC , and low HDL-C. Diabetes was associated with increased odds of high triglycerides only . CONCLUSION The prevalence dyslipidemia is high in Jordan , which necessitates appropriate the institution of community-based intervention strategies to prevent and manage cardiovascular risk factors BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is a strong risk factor in cardiovascular disease . Oat ( Avena sativa L. ) beta-glucan , the soluble fiber in oat , has been known to reduce blood cholesterol levels considerably . However , the effect of oat soluble fiber in the Thai population is unknown . OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of oat consumption on serum lipid profiles in Thai hypercholesterolemic adults . MATERIAL AND METHOD The present study was a r and omized , crossover design . Twenty-four hypercholesterolemic adults , male and female aged 30 - 60 years , were r and omly assigned into two groups of twelve each . Group 1 consumed 70 g ( 3 g beta-glucan ) of oatmeal daily through the first 4-week intervention , and then switched to 70 g rice porridge ( control product ) daily for the next 4-week intervention . Group 2 consumed rice porridge first and then oatmeal . Before and after each intervention period , lipid profiles including total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) of all subjects were measured . RESULTS Following daily oat consumption , total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower than baseline levels and lower than the levels observed with rice consumption . Oat consumption reduced total cholesterol by 5 % and LDL-cholesterol by 10 % from baseline levels . In addition , mean and percent changes were significantly different from the levels after consuming rice porridge ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Oatmeal reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic Thai adults . Hence , oat consumption is a reasonable recommendation for Thai individuals with hyperlipidemia
The programs based on aerobic exercise ( 60 min , 3 times/week , ≤75 % maximum heart rate ) improve the LDL-C and TG concentrations .
Moreover , the programs based on combined exercise ( ≥60 min , > 75 % maximum heart rate ) also improve the HDL-C concentration
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile ( high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) ) of obese children .