Comparison of zinc oxide and eugenol, and Vitapex for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth. 'Volumetric analysis of hand and rotary root canal instrumentation and filling in primary teeth using Spiral Computed Tomography' - an invitro study. Evaluation of various root canal filling materials in primary molar pulpectomies: an in vivo study. Comparative evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol as root canal filling materials for primary molars: a clinical and radiographic study. Microleakage of cements for stainless steel crowns. Effect of eugenol-containing sealer and post diameter on the retention of fiber reinforced composite posts Effect of ultrasonic tip and root-end filling material on bond strength Effect of root canal sealers on bond strength of fibreglass posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cements. Influence of zinc-oxide eugenol, formocresol, and ferric sulfate on bond strength of dentin adhesives to primary teeth. Assessment of a novel alternative to conventional formocresol-zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomy for the treatment of pulpally involved human primary teeth: diode laser-mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy. Clinical evaluation of three restorative materials applied in a minimal intervention caries treatment approach. Pulp exposure after stepwise versus direct complete excavation of deep carious lesions in young posterior permanent teeth. Postoperative assessment of diode laser zinc oxide eugenol and mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy procedures in children: A comparative clinical study Evaluation of a mixture of zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium fluoride as a new root canal filling material for primary teeth. Success of pulpectomy with zinc oxide-eugenol vs calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste in primary molars: a clinical study. The effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide and formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth. Clinical and radiographic comparison of biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol as pulpotomy agents in primary molars Healing of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment: a comparison between a silicone-based and a zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer. Potassium nitrate-zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement for provisional crowns to diminish postpreparation tooth pain. Antimicrobial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine in infected root canals. Primary molar pulpotomies with different hemorrhage control agents and base materials: A randomized clinical trial Mineral trioxide aggregate vs. formocresol in pulpotomized primary molars: a preliminary report. The effect of resin-based sealers on fracture properties of dentine.
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate iodoform base material s for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth , and to compare them with traditionally used zinc oxide and eugenol ( ZOE ) . SAMPLE AND METHODS Zinc oxide and eugenol and Vitapex ( a premixed calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste ) were compared for root canal treatment in 52 necrotic primary teeth in two groups of children with a mean age of 5 years and 8.4 months . All the patients were followed-up clinical ly and radiographically 3 months and 10 - 16 months postoperatively . RESULTS The overall success rates of Vitapex and ZOE were 100 % and 78.5 % , respectively . Using Fisher 's Exact Test , the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Both ZOE and Vitapex gave encouraging results .  Vitapex , however , can be used more safely whenever there is a doubt about the patient 's return for follow-up AIM To compare and evaluate the volumetric analysis of pre- and post-root canal instrumentation in primary teeth using h and and rotary files and also to analyse the volume of root canal filling . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 20 primary teeth were divided into two groups r and omly and subjected to spiral computed tomography ( SCT ) analysis before and after instrumentation . For manual technique ( Group 1 ) , teeth were prepared using K files and rotary ( Group 2 ) preparation was performed with Mtwo files .  Volumetric enlargement was calculated using Osirix software . Root canals were then filled with rotary lentulospiral using zinc oxide-eugenol cement ( ZOE ) . The filled volume in each canal was measured using SCT and the percentage of obturated volume was calculated . The data were statistically analysed using paired t-tests . RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the volume of root canal enlarged in both the groups . Rotary files showed significant increase in the volume compared to K files . Mtwo instrumented root canals showed good obturated volume compared to manual technique , although voids were common in both the groups . CONCLUSION Rotary root canal instrumentation may be indicated for utilization in primary teeth , for enhancing root canal preparation and good quality of root canal filling PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) , Calcicur , Sealapex and Vitapex in primary molar pulpectomies . METHODS 80 primary molars , showing signs of pulpal and /or periapical involvement , with no abnormal mobility , were selected from 76 children aged between 4 - 9 years-old , free from systemic disease . Radiographic evaluation was done to exclude teeth showing internal or pathological external root resorption and /or inadequate bone support . The selected teeth ( 20 in each group ) were r and omly treated with ZOE , Sealapex , Calcicur and Vitapex . The procedure involved primarily a one-visit pulpectomy . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically every 2 months for a period of 18 months . RESULTS In the ZOE group , all pulpectomies were successful . In the Sealapex group , two pulpectomies and in the Calcicur group , four pulpectomies showed complete resorption of the material in the root canal . Although re-treatment was performed , those teeth had to be removed due to pathological root resorption . In the Vitapex group , although six pulpectomies showed resorption of the filling material within the canals , this had no effect on the clinical and radiographical success of the treatment Calcium hydroxide , a material widely used for the treatment of permanent teeth has not been used frequently for pulpectomy in primary teeth . A comparative evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol used as  root canal filling material s in primary molars is presented Microleakage is related to recurrent decay , inflammation of vital pulps , and reinfection of previously treated root canals . The purpose of this investigation was to compare the abilities of new adhesive cements and conventional nonadhesive controls to prevent microleakage under stainless steel crowns on primary anterior teeth . St and ardized preparations were made , and stainless steel crowns were adapted . Specimens were assigned r and omly to cement groups : zinc phosphate ( ZP ) , polycarboxylate ( PC ) , glass-ionomer ( GI ) , resin-modified glass-ionomer ( RMGI ) , RMGI with a dentin bonding agent ( RMGI + DBA ) , adhesive composite resin ( ACR ) and zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) .  Specimens were stored in water , aged artificially , stained , embedded , and sectioned , and the microleakage was measured . Group means and st and ard errors were calculated . ANOVA discerned differences among groups ( P < 0.0001 ) , and Turkey 's multiple comparisons testing ( P < 0.05 ) ranked the groups from least to most microleakage as follows : [ RMGI + DBA , RMGI , ACR , GI ] , [ ZP ] , and [ PC , ZOE ] . The adhesive cements significantly reduced microleakage Background : Fiber reinforced composite ( FRC ) posts are cemented with resin cements . It is reported that using resin cements in canals sealed with eugenol-containing sealers reduces the post retention . However , there is controversy on the subject . Aims : The aim was to investigate the influence of eugenol-containing sealers and the amount of dentin removal from root canal with different post diameters on retention of FRC posts . Setting s and Design : It was an in vitro study Material s and Methods : The roots of sixty teeth were cut with 14 mm distance from the apex and were instrumented to the working-length of 13 mm . The teeth were r and omly distributed into 2 groups ( n = 30 ) . Following storage in normal saline for 7 days , the sample s in both the groups were further divided into 3 subgroups ( n = 10 ) . Canals in the experimental subgroups ( I , II , III ) were obturated by gutta-percha and eugenol-containing sealer ; and in the control subgroups ( IV , V , VI ) without any sealer . After storage in normal saline for 7 days , the post space was prepared by # 3 , # 2 , and # 1 drills of DT Light-Post system . Post was cemented with Panavia-F2.0 resin-cement . A composite core was built for each sample . All sample s were thermo cycled for 1000 cycles . The sample s were tested for post retention with a mechanical testing machine . Statistical Analysis : Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey-HSD test . Results : There was not a significant difference in retention between FRC posts # 1 and # 2 ( P > 0.05 ) . Post # 3 was more retentive than posts # 1 and # 2 ( P < 0.05 ) . ZOE sealer significantly reduced the retention of posts ( P = 0.024 ) , however , increasing post-space diameter significantly increased post retention in canals coated with ZOE sealer ( P = 0.002 ) . Conclusions : Eugenol-containing sealer reduced the retention of FRC posts cemented with resin cement . Removing more dentin from root-canals treated with eugenol-containing sealer for placing larger diameter posts caused an increase in post retention Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of three root-end filling material s ( MTAA – MTA Angelus , MTAS – experimental MTA Sealer , and ZOE- zinc oxide and eugenol cement )  in retro grade preparations performed with different ultrasonic tips ( CVD , Trinity , and Satelec ) . Material s and method Ninety 2-mm root sections from single-rooted human teeth were used . The retro grade cavities were prepared by using the ultrasonic tips , coupled to a device for position st and ardization . The specimens were r and omly divided into nine groups : CVD MTAA ; CVD MTAS ; CVD ZOE ; Trinity MTAA ; Trinity MTAS ; Trinity ZOE ; Satelec MTAA ; Satelec MTAS ; Satelec ZOE . Each resin disc/dentin/root-end filling material was placed in the machine to perform the push-out test . The specimens were examined in a stereomicroscope to evaluate the type of failure . Data were su bmi tted to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey tests ( α = 0.05 ) . Results The highest bond strength was observed for the CVD tip irrespective of the material used ( P < 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference for the Trinity TU-18 diamond and S12 Satelec tips ( P > 0.05 ) . MTAA and MTAS showed highest bond strength . The most common type of failure was adhesion between the filling material and dentin wall , except for ZOE , where mixed failure was predominant . Conclusions The CVD tip favored higher bond strength of the root-end filling material s. MTA Angelus and experimental MTAS presented bond strength to dentin prepared with ultrasonic tips . Clinical relevance Root-end preparation with the CVD tip positively influences the bond strength of root-end filling material s. MTA Angelus and experimental MTAS present bond strength to be used as root-end filling material AIM This study evaluated the effects of different root canal sealers on the bond strength of a fibreglass post cemented with self-adhesive resin cements . METHODOLOGY The root canals of 50 extracted maxillary single-rooted canine teeth were prepared with the crown-down technique and r and omly divided into five groups according to the sealer used : group 1 : control group , gutta-percha points only ( no sealer ) ; group 2 : AH Plus ( resin-based sealer ) ; group 3 : self-etch Epiphany ( resin-based sealer ) ; group 4 : Sealer 26 ( calcium hydroxide-based sealer ) ; and group 5 : Endomethasone ( zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer ) . The root canals were filled with gutta-percha , the cold lateral compaction technique , except for group 3 where Resilon was used . Post spaces were prepared , and fibreglass posts were cemented with the self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem . Bonded specimens were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slabs , and a push-out test was performed in a universal machine . Failure modes were observed and classified into five types : ( i ) adhesive between the post and resin cement ; ( ii ) mixed , with resin cement covering 0 - 50 % of the post diameter ; ( iii ) mixed , with resin cement covering 50 - 100 % of the post surface ; ( iv ) adhesive between resin cement and root canal ; and ( v ) cohesive in dentine . Data of bond strength were su bmi tted to anova and Tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) . RESULTS No significant difference was detected between control group , AH Plus , Epiphany and Sealer 26 ( P > 0.05 ) . The Endomethasone group had significantly lower bond strength values than the other sealers ( P < 0.05 ) . The prevalence of mixed fractures and adhesive cement-dentine failure was verified in the eugenol-containing sealer group ; in the control group , the resin-based and calcium hydroxide-based sealer groups , the predominant mode of failure was the mixed type . CONCLUSION Endomethasone interfered negatively with the bond to root dentine ; however , AH Plus , Epiphany and Sealer 26 did not interfere in the bond strength of a fibreglass post cemented with self-adhesive resin cements This study evaluated in vitro the influence of a  temporary filling { zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) } and two pulpotomy agents { formocresol ( FC ) and ferric sulfate ( FS ) } on shear bond strength ( SBS ) of two dentin adhesives to the dentin of primary molars . A total of 80 dentin surfaces were prepared and r and omly allocated into 10 groups of 8 specimens each . Groups were subjected to different treatments , which included covering with a paste of ZOE mixed at different powder : liquid ( P : L ) ratios , placement on a gauze soaked in FC or FS , or they received no pretreatment and served as a control . XRV Herculite composite cylinders were bonded to dentin surfaces using Prime and Bond NT adhesive resin or Opti Bond Solo Plus adhesive resin . SBSs were determined using the lnstron testing machine running at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min . The use of ZOE mixed at the lower P : L ratio of 10g:2 g significantly decreased the values of SBS of the two adhesives . The use of two pulpotomy agents ( FC and FS ) significantly decreased the SBS of the two adhesives . The bond strength to dentin of primary teeth was influenced by the pulpotomy agents used and the ZOE P : L ratio but not by the adhesive system used OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a diode laser pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) sealing could be an acceptable alternative to the conventional formocresol pulpotomy and zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) sealing in human primary teeth . METHODS A r and omized , single-blind , split-mouth study was used with a sample of 16 children aged from 3 to 8 years ( mean age=5.10 years ) . A total of 26 pairs of teeth from these 16 patients were selected based on clinical and radiographic criteria . One tooth from each pair was r and omly assigned to either the laser-MTA pulpotomy group or the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy group . All teeth were followed up clinical ly and radiographically at 2.3 , 5.2 , 9.5 and 15.7 months . All extracted failures were sectioned and photographed to assess possible reasons for this . RESULTS A total of seven laser-MTA-treated teeth were deemed to be radiographic failures ( mean time until failure=9.1 months ) compared to three formocresol-ZOE treated teeth ( mean time until failure=12.5 months ) . These results were not significant using Fisher 's exact test ( P>0.05 ) . Six of the laser-MTA failures and all three formocresol-ZOE failures exhibited furcal and /or periapical radiolucencies with or without pathologic root resorption . One of the laser-MTA failures displayed premature root resorption and is being observed for exfoliation . Analysis of photographs of teeth available for extraction revealed errors in clinical technique in addition to expected signs of a disease process such as the presence of granulation tissue and areas of pathologic root resorption . CONCLUSIONS The laser-MTA pulpotomy showed reduced radiographic success rates compared to the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy at 15.7 months ; however , these results were not statistically significant . Improved success rates among a larger patient sample and a longer follow-up period would be required for the laser-MTA pulpotomy to be considered a routine alternative to the conventional formocresol-ZOE procedure . Meticulous restorative techniques must be followed to ensure the success of laser-MTA pulpotomies OBJECTIVES This paper reports on a longitudinal evaluation of three material s ( glass ionomer , zinc oxide-eugenol cement , and composite ) employed in a minimal restorative intervention approach of 81 high caries-active pregnant women selected for a preventive oral health program in Brazil . The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of the glass ionomer cement , currently indicated in programs for control of carious lesions . METHODS The patients were r and omly divided into two groups . Both groups were engaged in an oral health promotion approach . In Group 1 , 417 glass ionomer restorations were placed in 43 individuals , involving all types and sizes of cavities . In the second group , 213 posterior zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) restorations and 127 anterior composite restorations were placed in 38 patients . Minimal cavity preparations were made , in which only soft or infected dentin was removed , on the basis of clinical judgment . RESULTS After two years , the restorations were clinical ly evaluated by two examiners for marginal integrity , amount of wear , presence of fracture , carious lesions , and lost restorations . Statistical analysis ( chi-square test ) identified statistically significant difference between glass ionomer and ZOE ( 90.6 % vs 9.2 % ) . Comparing glass ionomer and composite , similar survival rates were observed . The success rate observed for the glass ionomer cement ranged from 77.1 percent to 92.5 percent , depending on the type and size of cavity in which it was applied . Four teeth restored with glass ionomer cement and one tooth restored with composite showed caries signs . Regarding the ZOE restorations , caries was always associated with other causes of failure such as excessive wear , restoration loss , or marginal defects , with no possibility of separate evaluation . Despite the preventive and therapeutic measurements employed , a mean increase of 2.15 new surfaces with cavities was observed in Group 1 , as well as 2.83 surfaces presenting the same status in Group 2 . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that highly viscous glass ionomer cement applied in a minimal intervention approach provided high- quality preventive and restorative care after two years to a population at high risk for caries . The composite was employed in cavities exposed to lower stress , such as in the anterior teeth , and its behavior was comparable to that of the glass ionomer cement . The reinforced ZOE presented a high failure rate , thus contraindicating its use for such purpose The aim was to assess the prevalence of pulp exposure after stepwise versus direct complete excavation of permanent posterior teeth with deep carious lesions . The material , representing 116 patients aged 6 - 16 yrs ( mean = 10.2 yrs ) , consisted of 127 teeth with radiographs revealing carious lesions to such a depth that pulp exposure could be expected if  direct complete excavation  was performed . Teeth with clinical symptoms , other than transient pain shortly before treatment , were not accepted . The teeth were r and omly selected for either treatment procedure . Stepwise excavation implied removal of the bulk of carious tissue and application of calcium hydroxide , followed by sealing of the cavity with zinc-oxide eugenol cement . After a period of 8 - 24 weeks the rest of the carious dentin was removed and the cavity sealed with calcium hydroxide , zinc-oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) and a restorative material . Direct complete excavation entailed removal of all carious dentin followed by sealing as mentioned above . In case of pulp exposure , pulp treatment was performed . The pulp was exposed in 40 of the teeth treated by direct complete excavation . The corresponding figure for those treated by stepwise excavation was 17.5 % . The difference was statistically significant . The teeth with no pulp exposure after direct or stepwise excavation showed normal clinical and radiographic conditions at the last check-up ( mean = 43 months ) Aim : The present study is an attempt to compare and evaluate postoperative assessment of diode laser zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) pulpotomy and diode laser mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy procedures in children . Material s and Methods : Forty carious primary molars indicated for pulpotomy within the age group of 4–9 years were selected and divided into two groups of 20 each using simple r and omization , Group 1 : Diode laser MTA and Group 2 : Diode laser ZOE pulpotomy . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly for 1 year at 3 , 6 , and 12 months interval and radiologically for 6 and 12 months . Results : Clinical ly and radiographically , 100 % teeth treated with diode laser MTA and 94 % treated with diode laser ZOE were considered successful after 12-month follow-up interval . No significant difference was seen between two groups . Conclusion : Despite the success rate , the cost factor of diode laser and MTA could be the limiting factor in its judicious use in pulpotomy procedure Endodontic treatment was performed on 25 pulpally involved m and ibular primary molars in 4 to 9-year-old children ; the root canals were obturated with a new root canal filling material consisting of a mixture of calcium hydroxide , zinc oxide , and 10 % sodium fluoride solution , using h and -operated lentulo-spirals . All cases were evaluated clinical ly every 3 months and also radiographically every 6 months to assess the success of the treatment ; we also examined the resorption of the root canal filling material from the root canals and the status of overpushed material , if any , as the tooth resorbed with the passage of time . At 6 months , endodontic treatment in 2 of the 25 teeth had failed and one tooth had exfoliated ; the remaining 22 teeth were without any signs or symptoms . At the end of 2 years , 14 teeth could be evaluated ; out of these 12 had physiologically exfoliated . It was observed that the rate of resorption of this new root canal obturating mixture was quite similar to the rate of physiologic root resorption in primary teeth . In three cases , where there was an overpush of the mixture , a gradual partial resorption was noted PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic success rates of zinc oxide-eugenol cement ( ZOE ) vs calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste ( Vitapex ) in pulpectomized primary molars at 6 and 12 months . METHODS Fifty-four m and ibular primary molars from 42 children ( average age 5.6 + /- 1.2 years ) that met the inclusion criteria were allocated to either test material via block r and omization . A 1-visit pulpectomy and stainless steel crown was performed by 1 investigator . The clinical and radiographic diagnoses were blindly assessed by another investigator with an intraexaminer reliability of 0.85 to 0.95 ( kappa value ) . RESULTS At 6 and 12 months , the ZOE success rates were 48 % and 85 % , respectively , and the  Vitopex success rates were 78 % and 89 % . The difference in success rates between material s at 6 months was statistically significant , but at 12 months it was not . CONCLUSIONS Vitapex appeared to resolve furcation pathology at a foster rate than zinc oxide-eugenol at 6 months , while at 12 months , both material s yielded similar results AIM To compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , calcium hydroxide ( CH ) and formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in carious primary teeth . METHODOLOGY Forty-five primary m and ibular molars with dental caries in 23 children [ AUTHOR QUERY : How many children ? ] between 5 and 9 years old were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental ( CH or MTA ) or control ( FC ) groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , remaining pulp tissue was covered with MTA paste or CH powder in the experimental groups . In the control group , diluted FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and removed ; the pulp tissue was then covered with zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement .  Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 month follow-up . RESULTS Forty-three teeth were available for follow-up . In the FC and MTA groups , 100 % of the available teeth were clinical ly and radiographically successful at all follow-up appointments ; dentine bridge formation could be detected in 29 % of the teeth treated with MTA . In the CH group , 64 % of the teeth presented clinical and radiographic failures detected throughout the follow-up period , and internal resorption was a frequent radiographic finding . CONCLUSIONS Mineral trioxide aggregate was superior to CH and equally as effective as FC as a pulpotomy dressing in primary m and ibular molars . Internal resorption was the most common radiographic finding up to 24 month after pulpotomies performed with CH Aim To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars after 18 months . Methods The study was carried out with 51 primary molars of children aged 5–9 years old . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental or control groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ® or mineral trioxide aggregate in the experimental groups . In the control group , formocresol was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and after removal the pulp tissue was covered with zinc oxide – eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were immediately restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement , and later with pre-formed metal crowns . Follow-up assessment s were carried out after 3 , 6 , 12 and 18 months . Results Forty-five teeth were available for follow up at the end of 18 months . All of the available teeth for mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® were clinical ly successful , as were 73.3 % of the FC group . Radiographic success rate for the formocresol group at 18 months follow up was 73.3 , 100 % for mineral trioxide aggregate and 86.6 % for Biodentine ® group . Conclusion Mineral Trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® showed more favourable results than formocresol AIM To assess the treatment results up to 1 year after  endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis using a silicone-based sealer in comparison with Grossman 's sealer , and to compare the results at 3 months after treatment with the 12-month follow-up to assess the prognostic value of a 3-month control . METHODOLOGY A total of 199 teeth were treated at three centres . The sealer was r and omly chosen at the time of filling . Treatment results were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically 3 and 12 months after root-canal filling . The periapical status was evaluated using the periapical index ( PAI ) . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Average PAI scores decreased from 3.43 at start to 2.21 at 12 months for Grossman 's sealer and from 3.40 to 2.26 for the silicon-based material . No significant difference between the groups at start or any of the follow ups was seen . The 3-month control was adequate in establishing significant healing in both groups . The improvement of the periapical condition continued at the 12-month examination Pulpal injury commonly occurs with tooth preparation for complete fixed partial dentures . This can be documented by the substantial incidence of pain after tooth preparation . In this study , a 4 % potassium nitrate-zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement was used to secure provisional crowns over recently prepared teeth and it significantly reduced the incidence and severity of pain after tooth preparation and impression taking The aim of this study was to identify bacteria from the infected root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis , and to evaluate the antibacterial effect of 0.2 % chlorhexidine ( CHX ) , as an irrigant , in reducing the microbial flora 48h after root canal preparation . A total of 44 subjects were r and omly divided in the experimental group and the control group . The first bacterial sample s from all root canals were obtained in the beginning , before any treatment . During mechanical instrumentation , root canals were irrigated three times , with 0.2 % CHX in the experimental group , and with saline solution in the control group . All canals were dried and temporarily sealed with zinc oxide-sulfate cement . After 48 h the second sample s were obtained . Bacterial sample s were subjected to microbiologic processing . The study indicates that 0.2 % CHX is significantly effective in reducing the microbial flora , and could be used as an irrigant solution Objective : To evaluate the clinical and radiographical success of primary molar pulpotomies which used 15.5 % ferric sulfate ( FS ) or 1.25 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) for hemostasis and zinc oxide – eugenol ( ZOE ) and calcium hydroxide ( CH ) pastes as base material s. Methods : In 29 healthy children , 80 primary molars were r and omly allocated to one of the study groups : Group 1 : FS-ZOE , Group 2 : FS-CH , Group 3 : NaOCl-ZOE , and Group 4 : NaOCl-CH . After hemostasis with the respective solutions , pulp stumps and floor of the pulp chambers were covered with either ZOE or CH pastes . All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . Follow-up examinations were carried out at 1 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months . Results : One tooth in Group 1 and two teeth in Group 4 were extracted because of pain and periapial pathosis at sixth month . After 12 months , clinical success rates of pulpotomies in Groups 1–4 were 95 % , 100 % , 100 % , and 89.5 % , respectively . The differences were not significant ( P = 0.548 ) . Radiographic success rates for Groups 1–4 were 80 % , 88.9 % , 78.9 % , and 84.2 % , respectively . No statistically significant difference was found ( P = 0.968 ) . Pain on percussion was the most observed clinical finding . However , internal root resorption was the most common radiological finding and it was observed significantly more in m and ibular primary molars ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Both ZOE and CH can be preferred as base material s after hemostasis achieved by the use of 15.5 % FS or 1.25 % NaOCl in primary tooth pulpotomy PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with carious pulp exposure . METHODS Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) or FC ( control ) group by a toss of a coin . Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemostasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed ; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months . RESULTS The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure ( internal resorption detected at a 17 months postoperative evaluation ) in a molar treated with formocresol . None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 9 of 32 ( 28 % ) evaluated molars . This finding was detected in 2 out of the 15 teeth treated with FC ( 13 % ) and in 7 out of the 17 treated with MTA ( 41 % ) . CONCLUSION MTA showed clinical and radiographic success as a dressing material following pulpotomy in primary teeth and seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in primary teeth AIM To determine whether resin-based sealer cements are able to strengthen root dentine , as measured by work of fracture ( Wf ) , micro-punch shear strength ( MPSS ) and resistance to vertical root fracture ( VRF ) . METHODOLOGY One hundred and twenty extracted premolar teeth were r and omly assigned amongst four treatments before testing : intact , root canals prepared but unfilled , or root filled using epoxy- or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based sealer ( plus core material ) . Sample s were then prepared for measuring Wf , MPSS or VRF using st and ard test procedures . Data were analyzed using one-way anova with significance set at P < 0.05 . RESULTS For all three tests , root canals filled using epoxy resin-based sealer were not statistically significantly different compared with UDMA resin ( P = 1 for Wf , P = 0.7 for MPSS and P = 0.12 for VRF ) , or different from both sound and prepared dentine ( P > 0.05 ) . There was also no significant difference between sound dentine and prepared dentine for both Wf ( P = 0.92 ) and resistance to VRF ( P = 1 ) . CONCLUSIONS Neither epoxy nor UDMA resins used as sealer cements enhanced fracture resistance of root dentine when placed within root canals of extracted teeth
There seems to be no convincing evidence to support the superiority of any material over ZOE , and both ZOE and IP + Ca appear to be suitable as root canal fillings for deciduous teeth
The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether there is a root canal filling for deciduous teeth equally or more effective than zinc oxide-eugenol cement ( ZOE ) .