Multicenter randomized clinical trial of supervised exercise therapy with or without feedback versus walking advice for intermittent claudication. Do supervised weekly exercise programs maintain functional exercise capacity and quality of life, twelve months after pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD? Maintaining benefits following pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial Long-term effects of structured home-based exercise program on functional capacity and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. Hospital vs Home-Based Exercise Rehabilitation for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease Effects of home versus supervised exercise for patients with intermittent claudication. Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication: supervised exercise therapy versus a 'go home and walk' advice. Efficacy of Quantified Home-Based Exercise and Supervised Exercise in Patients With Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Controlled Trial Improvement of the walking ability in intermittent claudication due to superficial femoral artery occlusion with supervised exercise and pneumatic foot and calf compression: a randomised controlled trial. Value of a supervised exercise program for the therapy of arterial claudication. Does supervised exercise offer adjuvant benefit over exercise advice alone for the treatment of intermittent claudication? A randomised trial. Impact of a supervised strength training or walking training over a subsequent unsupervised therapy period on walking capacity in patients with claudication. Home-based treadmill training for individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial Intradialytic versus home based exercise training in hemodialysis patients: a randomised controlled trial A targeted home- and center-based exercise program for people after total hip replacement: a randomized clinical trial. Supervised and non-supervised Nordic walking in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a single blind randomized clinical trial Effects of a "test in-train out" walking program versus supervised standard rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients: a feasibility and pilot randomized study. Hospital supervised vs home exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: effects on aerobic fitness, anxiety, and depression. Early exercise-based rehabilitation improves health-related quality of life and functional capacity after acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial. Increasing exercise tolerance of persons limited by claudication pain using polestriding. One-year effect of a supervised exercise programme on functional capacity and quality of life in peripheral arterial disease Local Versus Systemic Mechanisms Underlying Supervised Exercise Training for Intermittent Claudication Comparison of hospital-based versus home-based exercise training in patients with heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, psychological symptoms, and hemodynamic parameters
OBJECTIVE The initial treatment for intermittent claudication is supervised exercise therapy ( SET ) . Owing to limited capacity and patient transports costs of clinic-based SET , a concept of SET provided by local physiotherapists was developed . We hypothesized that provision of daily feedback with an accelerometer in addition to SET would further increase walking distance . METHODS This multicenter r and omized trial was set in vascular surgery outpatient clinics and included 304 patients with intermittent claudication . Patients were r and omized to exercise therapy in the form of " go home and walk " advice ( WA ) , SET , or SET with feedback . Local physiotherapists provided SET . The primary outcome measure was the change in absolute claudication distance . Secondary outcomes were the change in functional claudication distance and results on the Walking Impairment Question naire ( WIQ ) and Short-Form 36 ( SF-36 ) Health Survey after 12 months . RESULTS In 11 centers , 102 , 109 , and 93 patients were included , respectively , in the WA , SET , and SET with feedback groups , and data for 83 , 93 , and 76 , respectively , could be analyzed . The median ( interquartile range ) change in walking distance between 12 months and baseline in meters was 110 ( 0 - 300 ) in the WA group , 310 ( 145 - 995 ) in the SET group , and 360 ( 173 - 697 ) in the SET with feedback group ( P < .001 WA vs SET ) . WIQ scores and relevant domains of the SF-36 improved statistically significantly in the SET groups . CONCLUSIONS SET is more effective than WA in improving walking distance , WIQ scores , and quality of life for patients with intermittent claudication . Additional feedback with an accelerometer did not result in further improvement . SET programs should be made available for all patients with intermittent claudication Background Pulmonary rehabilitation programs have been shown to increase functional exercise capacity and quality of life in COPD patients . However , following the completion of pulmonary rehabilitation the benefits begin to decline unless the program is of longer duration or ongoing maintenance exercise is followed . Therefore , the aim of this study is to determine if supervised , weekly , hospital-based exercise compared to home exercise will maintain the benefits gained from an eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD subjects to twelve months . Methods Following completion of an eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation program , COPD subjects will be recruited and r and omised ( using concealed allocation in numbered envelopes ) into either the maintenance exercise group ( supervised , weekly , hospital-based exercise ) or the control group ( unsupervised home exercise ) and followed for twelve months . Measurements will be taken at baseline ( post an eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation program ) , three , six and twelve months . The exercise measurements will include two six-minute walk tests , two incremental shuttle walk tests , and two endurance shuttle walk tests . Oxygen saturation , heart rate and dyspnoea will be monitored during all these tests . Quality of life will be measured using the St George 's Respiratory Question naire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale .  Participants will be excluded if they require supplemental oxygen or have neurological or musculoskeletal co-morbidities that will prevent them from exercising independently . Discussion Pulmonary rehabilitation plays an important part in the management of COPD and the results from this study will help determine if supervised , weekly , hospital-based exercise can successfully maintain functional exercise capacity and quality of life following an eight-week pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD subjects in Australia The aim of this study was to determine if weekly , supervised , outpatient-based exercise plus unsupervised home exercise following an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme would maintain functional exercise capacity and quality of life at 12 months better than st and ard care of unsupervised home exercise training . Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) subjects completed an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme  , were r and omised to an intervention group ( IG ) of weekly , supervised , exercise plus home exercise or to a control group ( CG ) of unsupervised home exercise and followed for 12 months . Outcome measurements at baseline ( after pulmonary rehabilitation ) , and 3 , 6 and 12 months included the 6-min walk test and St George 's Respiratory Question naire ( SGRQ ) .  59 subjects with moderate COPD ( Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II ) were recruited and 48 subjects completed the study . 12-month mean difference showed no significant change from baseline in 6-min walk distance ( IG -11 m , 95 % CI -21–10 m ; CG -6 m , 95 % CI -34–11 m ) or total SGRQ score ( IG 3 , 95 % CI -0.8–7 ; CG -3 , 95 % CI -7–3 ) . 12 months following pulmonary rehabilitation both weekly , supervised , outpatient-based exercise plus unsupervised home exercise and st and ard care of unsupervised home exercise successfully maintained 6-min walk distance and quality of life in subjects with moderate COPD OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of a structured home-based exercise program on functional capacity and quality of life ( QoL ) in patients with intermittent claudication ( IC ) after 1-year follow-up , and to compare these results with those from a concurrent control group who received supervised exercise training ( SET ) . DESIGN Comparative longitudinal cohort study . SETTING Referral center . PARTICIPANTS Patients ( N=142 ) with IC . INTERVENTIONS Structured home-based exercise training or SET . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The maximum ( pain-free ) walking distance and the ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) ( at rest and postexercise ) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months ' follow-up . Additionally , QoL was evaluated using a self-administered question naire consisting of the Euroqol-5D ( scale 0 - 1 ) , rating scale ( scale 0 - 100 ) , Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ; scale 0 - 100 ) , and the Vascular Quality of Life Question naire ( VascuQol ; scale 1 - 7 ) . Comparison of the groups was performed with adjustment for the nonr and omized setting using propensity scoring . RESULTS One hundred forty-two patients with IC started the  structured home-based exercise program , of whom 95 ( 67 % ) completed 12 months ' follow-up . The mean relative improvement compared with baseline was statistically significant after 12 months ' follow-up for the maximum and pain-free walking distance ( 342 % , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 169 - 516 ; P<.01 and 338 % , 95 % CI , 42 - 635 ; P=.03 , respectively ) and for the ABI postexercise ( mean change , .06 ; 95 % CI , .01-.10 ; P=.02 ) . For the QoL outcomes , the improvement compared with baseline was statistically significant after 12 months for the VascuQol ( mean change , .42 ; 95 % CI , .20-.65 ; P<.01 ) and for the SF-36 physical functioning ( mean change , 5.17 ; 95 % CI , .77 - 9.56 ; P=.02 ) . Compared with the structured home-based exercise program , patients in the control group showed significantly better results in the mean relative improvement of maximum and pain-free walking distance and change in the ABI at rest after 12 months ' follow-up . CONCLUSIONS Structured home-based exercise training is effective in improving both functional capacity and QoL in patients with IC and may be considered as a feasible and valuable alternative toSET , since supervised exercise programs are not often available Supervised , hospital-based exercise rehabilitation programs are effective for improving functional status for patients with claudication due to peripheral arterial occlusive disease . However , it has been suggested that unsupervised , home-based exercise programs , which have been relatively little evaluated , would be equally efficacious as compared with hospital-based programs . The authors tested the hypothesis that a hospital-based exercise rehabilitation program would improve treadmill exercise perfor mance more than a home-based program . Of 20 consecutively enrolled patients with claudication , 10 were r and omly placed into a supervised , hospital-based program and 10 into an unsupervised , home-based program for a three-month period .  Exercise perfor mance was evaluated by treadmill testing using a grade d protocol . In addition , func tional status was evaluated by the Walking Impairment Question naire ( WIQ ) and the Medical Outcomes Study SF-20 question naire ( MOS ) . Patients in the hospital-based program were treated with treadmill walking three times a week for one hour/visit . Patients in the home-based program were instructed to walk at least three times a week and were contacted weekly to provide encouragement and to record compliance with ( continued on next page ) the program . Patients in the hospital-based group improved peak walking time by 137 % , pain-free walking time by 150 % , and peak oxygen consumption by 19 % ( all P<0.05 ) . Patients reported an improved walking distance and speed according to WIQ data ( both P<0.05 ) . In addition , the MOS physical functioning score in the hospital-based group improved by 20 percentage points ( P<0.05 ) . In contrast , patients in the home-based program did not improve exercise performance measured on the treadmill . Improvement in the ability to walk on the treadmill was greater in the hospital-based than the home- based program ( P<0.05 ) . The ability to walk distances was the only question naire measure that improved in persons who received the home-based program ( P<0.05 ) . Preliminary results suggest that a supervised , hospital-based program is more effective for improving treadmill exercise performance than an unsupervised , home-based program PURPOSE This study was performed to test the efficacy of a supervised , hospital-based exercise program compared with a home-based exercise program involving minimal supervision , for both walking ability and quality of life measures in patients with exercise-limiting intermittent leg claudication . METHODS Twenty-one patients were assigned r and omly to 12 weeks of supervised exercise or to a home-based exercise group . After 12 weeks the participants in the supervised group transitioned to a home-based program . Both groups were then reevaluated at the end of 24 weeks . The initial claudication distance ( ICD ) and absolute claudication distance ( ACD ) on progressive treadmill exercise was measured at baseline , 12 weeks , and 24 weeks . Additionally , self-reported quality of life status was evaluated using the MOS SF-36 question naire . RESULTS Each group improved ( P < 0.01 ) ACD from baseline to 12 weeks , which was sustained at the 24-week follow-up . Both groups experienced similar long-term improvements ( P < 0.05 ) in ACD ( 521.5 + /- 253.4 meters to 741.9 + /- 365.6 meters for the supervised group , 532.2 + /- 263.5 meters to 715.0 + /- 394.4 meters in the home group , P not significant , between groups ) . The supervised group experienced a greater improvement ( P < 0.01 ) in the ICD after 12 weeks than the home group but not at 24 weeks . The on-site group also experienced significant improvements in ICD after 24 weeks ( P < 0.05 ) . Neither group manifested an improvement in self-reported physical function or mental health as assessed by the MOS SF-36 . CONCLUSION A structured exercise program was more effective in improving the ICD over a 24-week period than a less formal , home-based program . However , if patients are screened properly and receive adequate instruction , a home-based program can be a safe , low-cost alternative providing similar long-term ( 24 weeks ) exercise benefits in ACD OBJECTIVES The Exercise Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease ( EXITPAD ) study has shown supervised exercise therapy ( SET ) to be more effective regarding walking distance and quality of life than a ' go home and walk ' advice ( WA ) for patients with intermittent claudication . The present study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of SET versus WA . PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from the EXITPAD study , a 12-month r and omised controlled trial in 304 patients with claudication , was used to study the proportion of costs to walking distance and quality of life . Two different incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ( ICERs ) were calculated for SET versus WA : costs per extra metre on the treadmill test , and costs per quality -adjusted life year ( QALY ) . QALYs were based on utilities derived from the EuroQoL-5 dimensions ( EQ-5D ) . RESULTS Mean total costs were higher for SET than for WA ( 3407 versus 2304 Euros ) , mainly caused by the costs of exercise therapy . The median walking distance was 620 m for SET and 400 m for  WA . QALYs were 0.71 for SET and 0.67 for WA . All differences were statistically significant . The ICER for cost per extra metre on the 12-month treadmill test was € 4.08 . For cost per QALY , the ICER was € 28,693 . CONCLUSION At a willingness-to-pay threshold of € 40,000 per QALY , SET likely is a cost-effective therapeutic option for patients with claudication Background — This prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled clinical trial compared changes in exercise performance and daily ambulatory activity in peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication after a home-based exercise program , a supervised exercise program , and usual-care control . Methods and Results — Of the 119 patients r and omized , 29 completed home-based exercise  , 33 completed  supervised exercise , and 30 completed usual-care control . Both exercise programs consisted of intermittent walking to nearly maximal claudication pain for 12 weeks . Patients wore a step activity monitor during each exercise session . Primary outcome measures included claudication onset time and peak walking time obtained from a treadmill exercise test ; secondary outcome measures included daily ambulatory cadences measured during a 7-day monitoring period . Adherence to home-based and supervised exercise was similar ( P=0.712 ) and exceeded 80 % . Both exercise programs increased claudication onset time ( P<0.001 ) and peak walking time ( P<0.01 ) , whereas only home-based exercise increased daily average cadence ( P<0.01 ) . No changes were seen in the control group ( P>0.05 ) . The changes in claudication onset time and peak walking time were similar between the 2 exercise groups ( P>0.05 ) , whereas the change in daily average cadence was greater with home-based exercise ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusions — A home-based exercise program , quantified with a step activity monitor , has high adherence and is efficacious in improving claudication measures similar to a st and ard supervised exercise program . Furthermore , home-based exercise appears more efficacious in increasing daily ambulatory activity in the community setting than supervised exercise . Clinical Trial Registration — URL : http://www . Clinical Trials . Gov . Unique identifier : NCT00618670 OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of unsupervised exercise , supervised exercise and intermittent pneumatic foot and calf compression ( IPC ) on the claudication distance , lower limb arterial haemodynamics and quality of life of patients with intermittent claudication . METHODS Thirty-four eligible patients with stable intermittent claudication were r and omised to IPC ( n = 13 , 3h/d for 6 months ) , supervised exercise ( n = 12 , three hourly sessions/week for 6 months ) or unsupervised exercise ( n = 9 ) . In each patient , initial claudication distance ( ICD ) , absolute claudication distance ( ACD ) , resting ankle brachial pressure index ( ABPI ) , and resting hyperaemic calf arterial inflow were measured before , 6 weeks , 6 months and 1 year after r and omisation . Quality of life was assessed with the short form (SF)-36 , walking impairment ( WIQ ) and intermittent claudication question naires ( ICQ ) . RESULTS Compared with unsupervised exercise , both IPC and supervised exercise , increased ICD and ACD , up to 2.83 times . IPC  increased arterial inflow ( p < 0.05 at 6 weeks ) and ABPI .  Supervised exercise decreased arterial inflow and increased ABPI ( p < 0.05 at 6 months ) . Unsupervised exercise had no effect on arterial inflow or ABPI . IPC improved significantly the ICQ score and the speed score of the WIQ , while supervised exercise improved the WIQ claudication severity score . At 1 year clinical effectiveness of supervised exercise and IPC was largely preserved . CONCLUSIONS IPC , by augmenting leg perfusion , achieved improvement in walking distance comparable with supervised exercise . Long-term results in a larger number of patients will provide valuable information on the optimal treatment modality of intermittent claudication PURPOSE This study was performed to test the effectiveness of a formal supervised exercise program against a home-based exercise program for both walking ability and quality of life endpoints . METHODS Patients with arterial claudication were r and omized to either a 12-week supervised exercise program ( SUPEX ) with weekly lectures relating to peripheral vascular disease or to a home exercise group ( HOMEX ) who attended an identical lecture program and received weekly exercise instruction . The study population included 29 men and 26 women , with a mean age of 69.1 + /- 8.1 years . Forty-seven patients completed the 12-week program , 46 were available for testing at completion , and 38 for 6-month testing . Claudication pain time ( CPT ) and maximum walking time ( MWT ) on a progressive treadmill exercise test were assessed at baseline , program completion , and 6 months . The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) was administered at these intervals to assess effects on quality of life . RESULTS Each group improved ( p < 0.001 ) in both CPT and MWT at the completion of the 12-week program , which was sustained at the 6-month follow-up . Increase in HOMEX CPT from baseline ( 3.6 + /- 2.73 minutes ) to 6-month follow-up ( 6.6 + /- 3.17 minutes ) was less than for the SUPEX group ( 3.8 + /- 2.74 to 11.2 + /- 4.02 minutes , respectively ) ; similar results were obtained for MWT . At both completion and 6 months , there was a significant intergroup difference for CPT and MWT ( p < 0.004 ) favoring SUPEX . For both groups , measures of health perception based on the SF-36 demonstrated improvement ( p < 0.002 ) in Physical Function Subscale , Bodily Pain Subscale , and Physical Composite Score . There were no between-group differences on the subsets of the SF-36 at the three assessment intervals . CONCLUSIONS Supervised exercise programs provide superior increased walking ability in the noninterventional therapy of arterial claudication , and both supervised and home based exercise therapy result in improved SF-36 functional measures . The lack of intergroup differences in these measures may be a result of the high degree of interaction with healthcare providers in the HOMEX group . Although a supervised program results in optimal walking benefits , a highly structured home-based program provides similar functional improvement and may be a satisfactory alternative for patients with lesser walking requirements OBJECTIVE Exercise advice is the main treatment for symptom relief in the UK for patients with mild to moderate Intermittent Claudication ( IC ) . Would a weekly exercise and motivation class for 6 months offer adjuvant benefit over written and verbal exercise advice alone ? PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients attending a regional vascular centre for whom IC was the main factor affecting mobility were r and omised to either exercise advice alone ( n=30 ) or exercise advice with a once a week 45 min supervised exercise/motivation class ( n=29 ) . The mean age was 68 years . Baseline and 6-month assessment included a Quality of Life Question naire -- the Short-Form-36 , the Charing Cross Symptom Specific Claudication Question naire ( CCCQ ) and treadmill walking distance ( 3.5 km/h 12 % ) . RESULTS At 6-month follow-up the supervised exercise group had improved their treadmill walking by 129 % compared to 69 % in the advice alone group ( p=0.001 ) . This significant improvement was maintained at the subsequent 9 and 12-month follow-up assessment s. By the 9-month stage the advice only group CCCQ score had improved 16 % from baseline , while the supervised exercise group had a significantly better 43 % improvement in base line score ( p<0.05 ) . Self reported frequency of walks was higher in the exercise class group being significant for improvement in CCCQ score . CONCLUSION A weekly , supervised exercise and motivation class for a 6-month period provides a significant improvement in patients ' symptoms , quality of life , and distance walked compared with advice alone and this improvement continues after attendance at class has ceased Previous studies have demonstrated that supervised strength training ( ST ) or walking training ( WT ) improve walking capacity in patients with claudication . However , it remains unknown whether these improvements would be sustained over a subsequent unsupervised period . This article reports the findings of a study to analyze whether the improvements in walking capacity , achieved with a supervised ST or WT , would be sustained over a subsequent unsupervised therapy period in patients with claudication . Patients were initially r and omized to supervised exercise consisting of ST  ( n = 15 ) or  WT  ( n = 15 ) for 12 weeks . After this period , 12 patients in each group consented to be followed for an additional 12 weeks of unsupervised therapy .  Initial claudication distance ( ICD ) and total walking distance ( TWD ) were measured at baseline , after the supervised period ( Week 12 ) and after the unsupervised period ( Week 24 ) . In comparison with baseline values , both groups similarly increased ICD and TWD at Week 12 . From Week 12 to Week 24 , both groups similarly decreased ICD ( ST : -55 ± 110 m and WT : -82 ± 142 m , P = .04 ) and TWD ( ST : -68 ± 186 m and WT : -128 ± 112 m , P < .01 ) . However , in both groups , ICD ( ST : + 126 ± 149 m and WT : + 50 ± 167 m , P = .01 ) and TWD ( ST : + 104 ± 162 m and WT : + 45 ± 139 m , P = .01 ) at Week 24 remained greater than baseline values . The conclusion is that supervised ST or WT followed by an unsupervised therapy period similarly decreased walking capacity in patients with claudication . However , after the unsupervised period , walking capacity remained at a higher level than before the onset of the supervised exercise-training period Objective : To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of six weeks of home-based treadmill training in people with mild Parkinson ’s disease . Design : Pilot r and omized controlled trial of a six-week intervention followed by a further six weeks follow-up . Setting : Home-based treadmill training with outcome measures taken at a hospital clinic . Participants : Twenty cognitively intact participants with mild Parkinson ’s disease and gait disturbance . Two participants from the treadmill training group and one from the control group dropped out . Interventions : The treadmill training group undertook a semi-supervised home-based programme of treadmill walking for 20–40 minutes , four times a week for six weeks . The control group received usual care . Main outcome measures : The feasibility of the intervention was assessed by recording exercise adherence and acceptability , exercise intensity , fatigue , muscle soreness and adverse events . The primary outcome measure of efficacy was walking capacity ( 6-minute walk test distance ) . Results : Home-based treadmill training was feasible , acceptable and safe with participants completing 78 % ( SD 36 ) of the prescribed training sessions . The treadmill training group did not improve their walking capacity compared to the control group . The treadmill training group showed a greater improvement than the control group in fatigue at post test ( P = 0.04 ) and in quality of life at six weeks follow-up testing ( P = 0.02 ) . Conclusions : Semi-supervised home-based treadmill training is a feasible and safe form of exercise for cognitively intact people with mild Parkinson ’s disease . Further investigation regarding the effectiveness of home-based treadmill training is warranted Background Exercise training in hemodialysis patients improves fitness , physical function , quality of life and markers of cardiovascular disease such as arterial stiffness . The majority of trials investigating this area have used supervised exercise training during dialysis ( intradialytic ) , which may not be feasible for some renal units . The aim of this trial is to compare the effects of supervised intradialytic with unsupervised home-based exercise training on physical function and arterial stiffness . Methods and design This is a r and omised , controlled clinical trial . A total of 72 hemodialysis patients will be r and omised to receive either six months of  intradialytic exercise training , home-based exercise training or usual care . Intradialytic patients will undergo three training sessions per week on a cycle ergometer and home-based patients will be provided with a walking program to achieve the same weekly physical activity . Primary outcome measures are six-minute walk distance ( 6 MWD ) and aortic pulse wave velocity ( PWV ) . Secondary outcome measures include augmentation index , peripheral and central blood pressures , physical activity and self-reported health . Measures will be made at baseline , three and six months . Discussion The results of this study will help determine the efficacy of home-based exercise training in hemodialysis patients . This may assist in developing exercise guidelines specific for these patients .Trial Registration OBJECTIVE To examine the physical function , gait , and quality of life of patients after total hip replacement ( THR ) r and omly assigned to either a targeted home- or center-based exercise program . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . SETTING Rehabilitation research center in Australia . PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three patients with unilateral THR were r and omly assigned to a supervised center-based exercise group ( n=11 ) or an unsupervised home-based exercise group ( n=12 ) . INTERVENTION The center-based group completed an 8-week targeted exercise program while under the direct supervision of a physiotherapist . After initial instruction , the home-based group completed the 8-week targeted exercise program at home without further supervision . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quality of life , physical function , and spatiotemporal measures of gait . RESULTS No significant interaction ( group by time ) or main effects of grouping were found . Within each group , quality of life , and stair climbing improved significantly ( P<.05 ) as did Timed Up & Go test and 6-minute walk test performances ( P<.05 ) . Walking speed increased by 16 cm/s ( P<.01 ) , cadence by 8 steps/min ( P<.05 ) , step length by 4.7 cm ( P<.05 ) , and double-support time reduced by a factor of 16 % . Step length symmetry showed significant improvement ( P<.05 ) over time . Step length differential between the affected and unaffected limbs reduced from 4.0 to 2.7 cm . CONCLUSIONS The targeted strengthening program was effective for both the home- and center-based groups . No group differences were found in the majority of the outcome measures . This finding is important because it shows that THR patients can achieve significant improvements through a targeted strengthening program delivered at a center or at home Background Active approaches including both specific and unspecific exercise are probably the most widely recommended treatment for patients with chronic low back pain but it is not known exactly which types of exercise provide the most benefit . Nordic Walking - power walking using ski poles - is a popular and fast growing type of exercise in Northern Europe that has been shown to improve cardiovascular metabolism . Until now , no studies have been performed to investigate whether Nordic Walking has beneficial effects in relation to back pain . Methods A total of 151 patients with low back and /or leg pain of greater than eight weeks duration were recruited from a hospital based outpatient back pain clinic . Patients continuing to have pain greater than three on the 11-point numeric rating scale after a multidisciplinary intervention were included . Fifteen patients were unable to complete the baseline evaluation and 136 patients were r and omized to receive A ) Nordic walking supervised by a specially trained instructor twice a week for eight weeks B ) One-hour instruction in Nordic walking by a specially trained instructor followed by advice to perform Nordic walking at home as much as they liked for eight weeks or C ) Individual oral information consisting of advice to remain active and about maintaining the daily function level that they had achieved during their stay at the backcenter . Primary outcome measures were pain and disability using the Low Back Pain Rating Scale , and functional limitation further assessed using the Patient Specific Function Scale . Furthermore , information on time off work , use of medication , and concurrent treatment for their low back pain was collected . Objective measurements of physical activity levels for the  supervised and unsupervised Nordic walking groups were performed using accelerometers . Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis . Results No mean differences were found between the three groups in relation to any of the outcomes at baseline . For pain , disability , and patient specific function the supervised Nordic walking group generally faired best however no statistically significant differences were found . Regarding the secondary outcome measures , patients in the supervised group tended to use less pain medication , to seek less concurrent care for their back pain , at the eight-week follow-up . There was no difference between physical activity levels for the supervised and unsupervised Nordic walking groups . No negative side effects were reported . Conclusion We did not find statistically significant differences between eight weeks of supervised or unsupervised Nordic walking and advice to remain active in a group of chronic low back pain patients . Nevertheless , the greatest average improvement tended to favor the supervised Nordic walking group and - taking into account other health related benefits of Nordic walking - this form of exercise may potentially be of benefit to selected groups of chronic back pain patients .Trial registration http://www . Clinical Trials.gov # BACKGROUND The loss of normal ambulatory function after stroke , besides causing disability , leads to progressive deconditioning and exposes patients to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and recurrent stroke . Conventional rehabilitation is mainly limited to the subacute period after stroke . Effective , safe and sustainable interventions for patients and healthcare system , including the long-term , should be identified . AIM To verify the feasibility , safety and preliminary efficacy of an original home-based rehabilitation model compared to a st and ard supervised program in chronic hemiplegic stroke survivors . DESIGN Pilot , two-arm , parallel group , r and omized , controlled clinical trial . SETTING Community-dwelling poststroke patient/Hospital . POPULATION Twelve chronic hemiplegic stroke patients ( age=66.5±11.9 years , males , N.=9 ) . METHODS Participants were r and omly assigned for a 10-week period to a structured home-based exercise program ( N.=6 ) and a st and ard supervised group- setting program ( N.=6 ) . The feasibility outcomes included adherence to interventions , retention rate and safety . Satisfaction was also evaluated by the Client Satisfaction Question naire . Efficacy was assessed by the 6-minute walk test , Timed Up and Go and Stair Climb tests . The impact on Quality -of-life was estimated using the physical activity domain of the Short Form-36 question naire . Operators ' time consuming was also calculated . RESULTS Adherence was 91 % in the home-based exercise group and 92 % in the st and ard supervised group . The retention rate was 100 % , with no adverse events reported and high satisfaction scores for both interventions . 6-minute walk test and physical activity domain significantly increased in both groups ( P=0.03 ) . Timed Up and Go improved in both groups , significantly for the home-based exercise group ( P=0.03 ) while Stair Climb remained stable . Time required to operators to implement the home-based exercise program was 15 hours vs. 30 hours for the st and ard supervised one . CONCLUSIONS In a sample of hemiplegic chronic stroke patients , a structured home-based exercise program was feasible , safe and capable of inducing improvements in functional capacity and Quality -of-life comparable to a conventional supervised rehabilitation program A future larger r and omized controlled trial will be needed to confirm such results . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT With the limitation of a small sample size , the study suggested that a home-based program for chronic stroke might be an effective alternative to traditional supervised programs with the peculiarity of being sustainable for patients and healthcare system This study focused on the effects of hospital supervision and type of prescribed home exercise in  cardiac rehabilitation programs  on aerobic fitness , anxiety , and depression .  Men who had a myocardial infa rct ion were r and omly assigned to four exercise programs : The first program consisted of purely hospital-based exercise . The second and third programs combined hospital and home exercise , including either bicycling or walking at home . In the fourth program , patients were encouraged to exercise at home , but were given no specific guidance . Fifty-two patients finished the eight-week exercise program and 35 completed the psychologic question naires . At the end of the eight weeks , there were significant differences in the programs ' effects on aerobic fitness . Purely hospital-supervised exercise and the combination of hospital-supervised bicycling with home walking increased aerobic fitness more than completely unsupervised exercise . Furthermore , there were differences in the programs ' effects on manifest anxiety . The combination of home and hospital bicycling was less beneficial than home walking and hospital bicycling or even completely unsupervised exercise at home . The results indicate that the degree of hospital supervision and the type of prescribed home exercise are important design features which may affect the success of cardiac rehabilitation exercise programs . No effects of the different exercise programs on patients ' depression could be found . In general , a close relationship between aerobic fitness and anxiety or depression could not be demonstrated . Implication s of these findings for the design of cardiac rehabilitation exercise programs are discussed BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of an early cardiac rehabilitation ( CR ) program on health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) and functional capacity in patients who recently experienced an acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) . This program was initiated in the inpatient setting and was followed by an unsupervised outpatient intervention . METHODS After the same inpatient care plan , low-risk patients who experienced an AMI were r and omized into 2 groups : ( 1 ) a control group ( CG ) ( n = 43 )  entailing usual care and ( 2 ) an intervention group ( IG ) ( n = 45 ) entailing outpatient ( unsupervised ) CR primarily centered on a progressive walking program . Initially , all patients underwent a supervised exercise program with early mobilization beginning 12 hours after an AMI . On hospital discharge , all patients were classified according to cardiovascular risk . Quality of life was evaluated by the MacNew Heart Disease HRQL question naire 30 days after discharge . Functional capacity was determined by a 6-minute walk test ( 6MWT ) distance on the day of inpatient discharge as well as 30 days afterward . RESULTS The HRQL global score was higher in the IG compared with the CG 30 days after discharge ( P < 0.001 ) ; physical and emotional domain scores were both significantly higher in the IG ( P < 0.001 ) . Furthermore , the IG showed a greater 6MWT distance compared with the CG ( P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS A CR program based on early progressive exercises , initiated by supervised inpatient training and followed by an unsupervised outpatient program , improved HRQL and functional capacity in patients at low cardiovascular risk who recently experienced an AMI OBJECTIVE The efficacy of polestriding exercise ( walking with modified ski poles with a movement pattern similar to cross-country skiing ) to increase exercise tolerance of persons with intermittent claudication pain caused by peripheral arterial disease was tested in this 24-week prospect i ve r and omized clinical trial . METHODS The study was conducted in a Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital with 52 individuals who gave written informed consent and were r and omized into either a polestriding exercise ( n = 27 ; age , 65.5 + /- 7.0 years ; ankle brachial index , 0.64 + /- 0.25 ) or nonexercise control ( n = 25 ; age , 68.6 + /- 8.9 years ; ankle brachial index , 0.69 + /- 0.14 ) group ( P > .05 for all comparisons ) . The polestriding exercise program consisted of supervised training three times per week for 4 weeks , two times per week for 8 weeks , one time per week for 4 weeks , biweekly for 4 weeks and unsupervised training for 4 weeks . Starting in week 5 , subjects took their poles home with instructions to repeat the most recent supervised training walk at an appropriate and convenient location near their residence . This was referred to as unsupervised but directed exercise . Subjects were provided with a personal log book for documenting unsupervised exercise sessions . With both supervised and unsupervised exercise , subjects were expected to complete a total of four 30-minute to 45-minute polestriding exercise sessions per week . The main outcome measures were exercise duration on symptom-limited incremental treadmill test , Walking Impairment Question naire , rating of perceived leg pain at baseline , 4 , 8 , 12 , 16 , and 24 weeks , and constant work-rate treadmill exercise tests at baseline and at 4 , 12 , and 24 weeks . RESULTS Polestriding significantly ( P < .001 ) improved exercise tolerance on the constant work-rate and incremental treadmill tests . Ratings of perceived claudication pain were significantly less after the polestriding training program .  Subject perceived distance and walking speed scores on the Walking Impairment Question naire improved in the polestriding trained group only ( P < .001 and .022 , respectively ) . CONCLUSION This r and omized clinical trial provides empirical evidence that 24 weeks of polestriding training significantly improves quantitative and qualitative measures of the exercise tolerance of persons limited by intermittent claudication pain Purpose : Peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) is a chronic , progressive disease with a significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk burden and a considerable impact on functional capacity and quality of life ( QoL ) . Exercise programmes result in significant improvements in walking distances but long-term effects are uncertain . The aim of this study was to assess the one-year effects of participation in a 12-week supervised exercise programme on functional capacity and QoL for PAD patients . Methods : Patients were r and omly allocated to a control ( n = 16 ) or an exercise ( n = 28 ) group . Data regarding functional capacity ( Walking Impairment Question naire WIQ ) , disease-specific QoL ( Intermittent Claudication Question naire ICQ ) and generic QoL ( SF-36 ) were collected at baseline , 12 weeks and 1 year . Results : At 12 weeks , there was a trend towards improved QoL in both groups , with a tendency for greater improvement in the exercise group ( p = 0.066 ) and a trend towards improved functional capacity ( WIQ Stair-climbing p = 0.093 ) in the exercise group . At 1 year , ICQ scores in the exercise group were considerably better than those in the control group ( p = 0.058 ) , reflecting improved QoL and maintenance of benefits . Conclusions : Participation in a supervised exercise programme results in improvements in functional capacity and QoL at 1 year post-participation . Implication s for Rehabilitation Peripheral arterial disease has a considerable impact on functional capacity and quality of life Functional capacity and quality of life are improved in patients with peripheral arterial disease up to 1 year post-participation in supervised exercise Improvements at 1 year are reduced from those noted immediately following an exercise The mechanisms by which exercise training improves intermittent claudication remain unclear . In this article , the effects of local and systemic physiological factors on improved exercise tolerance after a supervised exercise program in claudicants are investigated . A total of 60 patients were r and omized to 3 months of supervised exercise followed by 3 months of unsupervised exercise , or to exercise advice alone ( control ) . Supervised exercise increased both pain-free and maximal walking distances . Heart rate during submaximal exercise and resting mean arterial pressure were lower after supervised exercise at 6 months . Serum lactate at maximum claudication increased significantly after 3 months in the supervised exercise group but this change had resolved by 6 months . Symptomatic improvement was accompanied by modest reductions in mean arterial pressure and submaximal heart rate on exercise . Increased serum lactate at maximum claudication subsequently declined despite continued improvement in walking distance , suggesting local adaptations to improve efficiency of muscle oxygen delivery and /or utilization Purpose To compare the effects of home-based and hospital-based exercise programs on exercise capacity , quality of life , psychological symptoms , and hemodynamic parameters in heart failure ( HF ) patients . Methods Seventy-four patients were r and omized into either a hospital-based exercise  ( Group 1 ) or a  home-based exercise ( Group 2 ) group . Prior to and after the 8-week rehabilitation program , the two groups were compared with respect to their functional capacity [ maximal oxygen uptake ( pVO2 ) and 6-min walk test ( 6MWT ) ] , quality of life ( Medical Outcomes Study and the 36-item Short Form Survey , SF-36 ) , psychological symptoms [ Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ] , and hemodynamic parameters [ ( left ventricular diastolic diameter in diastole , left ventricular diameter in systole , Mitral Early diastolic peak flow velocity (E)/late diastolic peak flow velocity ( A ) , Mitral E/Mitral early peak velocity ( Em ) , Tei index , right ventricular systolic peak velocity ( Sm ) , tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion , systolic pulmonary arterial pressure ( SPAP ) , and left and right ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF and RVEF ) ] . Results After the exercise programs , significant improvement was observed in pVO2 , 6MWT and subscales of physical function , general health , and vitality of SF 36 , as well as BDI and LVEF in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) . A comparison of the two exercise groups revealed no significant differences between them regarding the analyzed variables ( P > 0.05 ) . Conclusion Both the hospital-based and home-based exercise groups improved significantly in functional capacity , quality of life , depression symptoms , and LVEF . Based on these results , we believe that physicians can recommend home-based exercise under strict supervision for stable HF patients . However , additional research should be conducted in this area
Based on a low quality of evidence , home-based supervised exercise may lead to less improvement in maximum and pain-free walking distance , and in more improvement in daily life walking capacity , compared with hospital-based supervised exercise .
Home-based supervised exercise may improve maximum and pain-free walking distance compared with " go home and walk advice " and result in little or no difference in health-related quality of life and functional walking capacity compared with hospital-based supervised exercise or " go home and walk advice " .
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of home-based supervised exercise vs hospital-based supervised exercise , and the effects of home-based supervised exercise vs unsupervised " go home and walk advice " on daily life and corridor-walking capacity , health-related quality of life and patient-reported functional walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication .