Effects of a New Flavonoid and Myo-Inositol Supplement on Some Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial Epidemiologic Evidence on Serum Adiponectin Level and Lipid Profile Curcumin Lowers Serum Lipids and Uric Acid in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Fish oil supplementation in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Psyllium Supplementation in Adolescents Improves Fat Distribution & Lipid Profile: A Randomized, Participant-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial Myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, folic acid and manganese in second trimester of pregnancy: a preliminary investigation. Inositol supplementation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. A comparative study of the effect of green tea and sour tea on blood pressure and lipid profile in healthy adult men Clinical trial of the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glycemic control and markers of lipid profiles in diabetic hemodialysis patients Resveratrol Supplementation in Schizophrenia Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Serum Glucose and Cardiovascular Risk Factors L-Carnitine supplementation improved clinical status without changing oxidative stress and lipid profile in women with knee osteoarthritis. Oral carnitine supplementation for dyslipidemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. The Influence of Yoga-Based Programs on Risk Profiles in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and lipid profile, in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial A Combination of (ω–3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Polyphenols and L-Carnitine Reduces the Plasma Lipid Levels and Increases the Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Oxidation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and HepG2 Cells The Effect of Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation on Liver En-zymes, Serum Glucose and Lipid Profile in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Respiratory distress syndrome and inositol supplementation in preterm infants. l-Carnitine Supplementation to Diet: A New Tool in Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis—A Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial Oral magnesium supplementation in type II diabetic patients Myo-inositol Supplementation for Prevention of Gestational Diabetes in Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial Effect of symbiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles and microalbuminuria in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial Relationship between serum inositol concentration and development of retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective study. Vitamin D, Insulin Secretion, Sensitivity, and Lipids
Background and Aim . Cardiovascular risk is increased in women with menopause and metabolic syndrome . Aim of this study was to test the effect of a new supplement formula , combining cocoa polyphenols , myo-inositol , and soy isoflavones , on some biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome . Methods and Results . A total of 60 women were enrolled and r and omly assigned ( n = 30 per group ) to receive the supplement ( NRT : 30 mg of cocoa polyphenols , 80 mg of soy isoflavones , and 2 gr of myo-inositol ) , or placebo for 6 months . The study protocol included three visits ( baseline , 6 , and 12 months ) for the evaluation of glucose , triglycerides , and HDL-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , adiponectin , visfatin , resistin , and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( bone-ALP ) . At 6 months , a significant difference between NRT and placebo was found for glucose ( 96 ± 7 versus 108 ± 10 mg/dL ) , triglycerides ( 145 ± 14 versus 165 ± 18 mg/dL ) , visfatin ( 2.8 ± 0.8 versus 3.7 ± 1.1 ng/mL ) , resistin ( 27 ± 7 versus 32 ± 8 µg/L ) , and b-ALP ( 19 ± 7 versus 15 ± 5 µg/mL ) . No difference in HDL-C concentrations nor in adiponectin levels between groups was reported at 6 months . Conclusions . The supplement used in this study improves most of the biomarkers linked to metabolic syndrome . This Trial is registered with NCT01400724 The concentration of adiponectin , a hormone which is secreted from adipose tissue , is inversely correlated with body fat mass . This hormone has anti inflammatory and anti atherogenic properties . Its concentration reduces in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases . This study review s the evidence on the relationship between serum  adiponectin concentration and lipid profile .  In this study former clinical trials , cross sectional and prospect i ve studies have been review ed . The PubMed search engine has been used to find related research for the topic by considering dyslipidemia , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high and low density protein ( HDL and LDL ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , lipid profile ( LP ) and adiponectin as the key words . Finally , 25 articles were recruited to review in the present article . Serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with plasma HDL cholestrol concentrations . There was a significant inverse relationship between plasma triglyceride and serum adiponectin . An inverse correlation between very low density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) and LDL levels and adiponectin was reported from the studies . So , Adiponectin has an important role in the metabolism of lipid profile including HDLc Background : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is one of the most common hepatic diseases in the general adult population . Dyslipidemia , hyperuricemia , and insulin resistance are common risk factors and accompanying features of NAFLD . Curcumin is a dietary natural product with beneficial metabolic effects relevant to the treatment of NAFLD . Aim : To assess the effects of curcumin on metabolic profile in subjects with NAFLD . Methods : Patients diagnosed with NAFLD ( grade s 1–3 ; according to liver sonography ) were r and omly assigned to curcumin ( 1000 mg/d in 2 divided doses ) ( n = 50 ) or control ( n = 52 ) group for a period of 8 weeks . All patients received dietary and lifestyle advises before the start of trial . Anthropometric measurements , lipid profile , glucose , insulin , glycated hemoglobin , and uric acid concentrations were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of follow-up . Results : Eighty-seven subjects ( n = 44 and 43 in the curcumin and control group , respectively ) completed the trial . Supplementation with curcumin was associated with a reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) , triglycerides ( P < 0.001 ) , non – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) , and uric acid ( P < 0.001 ) , whereas serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose control parameters remained unaltered . Curcumin was safe and well tolerated during this study . Conclusion : Results of the present trial suggest that curcumin supplementation reduces serum lipids and uric acid concentrations in patients with NAFLD Familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with premature coronary heart disease . In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia , monotherapy with hydroxymethylglutaril coenzyme . A reductase inhibitors rarely achieves the goal of desirable low-density lipoprotein levels . Epidemiological studies suggest that population s with a high dietary intake of marine n3 fatty acids are protected against coronary heart disease . Hepatic synthesis and secretion of very low density lipoproteins are reduced during fish oil supplementation while other effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are controversial . Fourteen patients affected by familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia on chronic treatment with simvastatin  were enrolled in a double blind , placebo controlled , r and omized crossover trial that evaluated the effect of fish oil ethyl ester ( Esapent , 5.1 g/day ) on lipid and lipoprotein serum concentrations . Total cholesterol , low density lipoprotein cholesterol , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , triglycerides , apoprotein B , apoprotein AI , lipoprotein ( a ) did not show any significant variation during the four week treatment period with fish oil ethyl ester . The present data suggest that the possible favourable influence of fish oil on the progression of atherosclerosis in these high-risk patients might involve mechanisms which are different from lipid metabolism Aims We aim ed to assess the effects of psyllium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and other parameters of the metabolic syndrome in an at risk adolescent population . Methods This study encompassed a participant-blinded , r and omized , placebo-controlled , crossover trial . Subjects were 47 healthy adolescent males aged 15–16 years , recruited from secondary schools in lower socio-economic areas with high rates of obesity . Participants received 6 g/day of psyllium or placebo for 6 weeks , with a two-week washout before crossing over . Fasting lipid profiles , ambulatory blood pressure , auxological data , body composition , activity levels , and three-day food records were collected at baseline and after each 6-week intervention . Insulin sensitivity was measured by the Matsuda method using glucose and insulin values from an oral glucose tolerance test . Results 45 subjects completed the study , and compliance was very high : 87 % of participants took > 80 % of prescribed capsules . At baseline , 44 % of subjects were overweight or obese . 28 % had decreased insulin sensitivity , but none had impaired glucose tolerance . Fibre supplementation led to a 4 % reduction in and roid fat to gynoid fat ratio ( p = 0.019 ) , as well as a 0.12 mmol/l ( 6 % ) reduction in LDL cholesterol ( p = 0.042 ) . No associated adverse events were recorded . Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 6 g/day of psyllium over 6 weeks improves fat distribution and lipid profile ( parameters of the metabolic syndrome ) in an at risk population of adolescent males . Trial Registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry DESIGN AND PURPOSE The supplemental administration of myo-inositol , D-chiro-inositol , folic acid and manganese ( MDFM ) was tested in a prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blind , placebo controlled clinical trial , pilot study , to test the hypothesis that its supplemental administration in the second trimester of pregnancy would improve glucose and glycemic parameters and blood pressure . SUBJECTS AND METHODS Non-obese uniparous healthy pregnant women between 13th and 24th week of pregnancy were divided into two groups : group I , control group with placebo , and the group II , women in treatment with myo-inositol , D-chiro-inositol , folic acid and manganese . The main outcome measures were the comparative analysis of the parameters analyzed at time 0 , after 30 days and 60 days ; secondary outcome measure was the overall analysis of investigated parameters . RESULTS 24 women were allocated to receive MDFM and 24 the placebo . The two groups did not significantly differ for demographic , lipidic and glycemic parameter and blood pressure . After 30 days , significantly lower cholesterol ( p = 0.0001 ) , significantly lower LDL ( p = 0.0013 ) , lower TG ( p < 0.0001 ) and lower glycemia ( p = 0.0021 ) were observed all favoring group II . No significant difference was observed for HDL , diastolic and systolic blood pressure . After 60 days , significant difference was observed for cholesterol ( p = 0.0001 ) , LDL ( p = 0.0001 ) , HDL ( p = 0.0001 ) , TG ( p = 0.0001 ) , glycemia ( p = 0.0064 ) , all favoring the group treated with MDFM . No significant differences were observed for systolic ( p = 0.12 ) and diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.42 ) . When examining for overall differences between the two groups , a significant difference was observed for examined parameters at time 0 and at time 60 ; cholesterol ( p = 0.0001 ) , LDL ( p = 0.0001 ) , HDL ( p = 0.047 ) , TG ( p = 0.0001 ) and glycemia ( p = 0.019 ) were reduced in the MDFM group . A significant reduction was also observed in group II for systolic blood pressure after 60 days of intervention ( p = 0.0092 ) , but not for diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.29 ) . CONCLUSIONS MDFM administration after 30 days in pregnancy improved glycemic and lipidic parameters , with significant gain after 60 days , without affecting diastolic blood pressure levels BACKGROUND Inositol influences cellular function and organ maturation . Feeding premature infants inositol-rich breast milk increases their serum inositol concentrations . Whether inositol supplementation benefits infants receiving fluids for parenteral nutrition , which are inositol-free , is not known . METHODS We carried out a placebo-controlled , r and omized , double-blind trial to determine the effects of administering inositol ( 80 mg per kilogram of body weight per day ) during the first five days of life to 221 infants with respiratory distress syndrome who were receiving parenteral nutrition ( gestational age , 24 to 32 weeks ; birth weight , less than 2000 g ) . All the infants were treated with mechanical ventilation and some with surfactant as well . The primary end point was survival at 28 days without bronchopulmonary dysplasia . RESULTS The 114 patients given inositol  had significantly lower mean requirements for inspiratory oxygen ( P less than 0.01 ) and mean airway pressure ( P less than 0.05 ) from the 12th through the 144th hour of life than did the 107 infants given placebo . Eighty-one infants given inositol and 51 given placebo  survived without bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( 71 vs. 55 percent ; P = 0.005 ) . In the 65 infants given surfactant , however , inositol had no effect on the degree of respiratory failure .  Thirteen infants given  inositol and 21 given placebo had retinopathy of prematurity ( 13 vs. 26 percent ; P = 0.022 ) ; none of the infants given inositol had stage 4 disease , whereas 7 of those given placebo did ( 0 vs. 9 percent ; P = 0.012 ) . Among the infants given placebo , those who had poor outcomes ( death , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , or stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity ) had lower serum inositol concentrations during days 2 through 7 than those who had good outcomes ( P less than 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS The administration of inositol to premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who are receiving parenteral nutrition during the first week of life is associated with increased survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and with a decreased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) are a set of metabolic disorders affecting heart and blood vessels . Green tea and sour tea ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L. ) have attracted significant attention recently due to their high popularity , nutrient profile and therapeutic effects . The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of green tea and sour tea supplementation on blood pressure and lipid profile in healthy adult men . METHODS This r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial included 54 healthy adult men . The participants were r and omly assigned to two intervention groups receiving 450 mg green tea or sour tea and one placebo group which consumed 450 mg placebo ( maltodextrin ) for 6 weeks . Blood pressure , lipid profile , dietary intake and physical activity were measured pre- and post-intervention and compared . RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention , sour tea supplementation led to a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) compared with the placebo group . However , we faild to find any significant difference in SBP between green tea and control groups . Also , no significant changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) and lipid profile between the three groups . In comparison with baseline , there was a significant increase in the mean level of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) in green tea and sour tea groups . Also , the interventions result ed in significant decrease in the mean levels of serum total cholesterol ( TC ) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and DBP in the sour tea group compared with the pre-intervention value . CONCLUSION On the basis of our findings , sour tea supplementation led to decreased SBP  in healthy men compared with the placebo , but there was no significant difference between their effects on DBP and lipid profile Purpose The current study was conducted to determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10 ) supplementation on glycemic control and markers of lipid profiles risk in diabetic hemodialysis ( HD ) patients . Methods This r and omized , double blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 60 diabetic HD patients . Subjects were r and omly allocated into two groups to take either 120 mg/day of CoQ10 supplements or placebo ( n = 30 each group ) for 12 weeks . Results After 12 weeks of intervention , CoQ10 supplementation , compared with the placebo , result ed in a significant decrease in serum insulin concentrations ( − 2.5 ± 4.0 vs. + 2.8 ± 5.3 µIU/mL , P < 0.001 ) , homeostasis model of assessment -estimated insulin resistance ( − 0.9 ± 2.1 vs. + 1.2 ± 3.0 , P = 0.002 ) , and significant increase in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( + 0.009 ± 0.01 vs. − 0.02 ± 0.05 , P = 0.003 ) . In addition , a trend toward a greater decrease in serum triglycerides ( − 5 ± 53 vs. + 17 ± 44 , P = 0.078 ) and VLDL-cholesterol levels ( − 0.9 ± 10 vs. + 3 ± 9 , P = 0.078 ) was observed in the CoQ10 group compared to the placebo group . We did not observe any significant effect of CoQ10 supplementation on fasting glucose , HbA1c and other lipid profiles compared with the placebo . Conclusions Overall , our study supported that CoQ10 supplementation to diabetic HD patients for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on markers of insulin metabolism , but did not affect fasting glucose , HbA1c , and lipid profiles . Clinical registration http://www.i rct .ir : I RCT 2016081811763N30 Background : Patients with schizophrenia ( SZ ) are generally overweight or obese and have several metabolic disorders . Additionally , such patients have a lower life expectancy and the main cause of their increased mortality is cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on serum glucose and CVD risk factors in individuals with SZ . Methods and Results : This is a four-week r and omized , double-blind controlled trial ( registration No. : NCT 02062190 ) in which 19 men with a diagnosis of SZ , aged 18 to 65 , were assigned to either a resveratrol supplement group ( 200 mg/day ) or a placebo group ( 200 mg/day ) . In short , we did not observe significant changes after resveratrol supplementation . In the placebo group , we found a significant increase in total cholesterol levels ( p = 0.024 ) and in LDL-cholesterol ( p = 0.002 ) , as well as a decrease in body fat percentage ( p = 0.038 ) . The placebo group also showed an increase in triglycerides ( 9.19 % ) and a reduction in HDL-cholesterol ( 4.88 % ) . In the resveratrol group , triglycerides decreased ( 7.64 % ) . Conclusion : In summary , oral resveratrol in reasonably low dosages ( 200 mg daily ) brought no differences to body weight , waist circumference , glucose , and total cholesterol . It was possible to note that the lipid profile in the placebo group worsened and , although no significant differences were found , we can assume that resveratrol might prevent lipid profile damage and that the intervention affected the lipoprotein metabolism at various levels Considering the pathologic importance of oxidative stress and altered lipid metabolism in osteoarthritis ( OA ) , this study aim ed to investigate the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress , lipid profile , and clinical status in women with knee OA . We hypothesized that l-carnitine would improve clinical status by modulating serum oxidative stress and lipid profile . In this r and omized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , 72 overweight or obese women with mild to moderate knee OA were r and omly allocated into 2 groups to receive 750 mg/d l-carnitine or placebo for 8 weeks . Dietary intake was evaluated using 24-hour recall for 3 days . Serum malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) and lipid profile , visual analog scale for pain intensity , and patient global assessment of severity of disease were assessed before and after supplementation . Only 69 patients ( 33 in the l-carnitine group and 36 in the placebo group ) completed the study . l-Carnitine supplementation result ed in significant reductions in serum MDA ( 2.46 ± 1.13 vs 2.16 ± 0.94 nmol/mL ) , total cholesterol ( 216.09 ± 34.54 vs 206.12 ± 39.74 mg/dL ) , and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 129.45 ± 28.69 vs 122.05 ± 32.76 mg/dL ) levels compared with baseline ( P < .05 ) , whereas these parameters increased in the placebo group . Serum triglyceride , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and TAC levels did not change significantly in both groups ( P > .05 ) . No significant differences were observed in dietary intake , serum lipid profile , MDA , and TAC levels between groups after adjusting for baseline values and covariates ( P > .05 ) . There were significant intragroup and intergroup differences in pain intensity and patient global assessment of disease status after supplementation ( P < .05 ) . Collectively , l-carnitine improved clinical status without changing oxidative stress and lipid profile significantly in women with knee OA Carnitine deficiency is a commonly observed problem in maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD ) patients , which results in altered metabolism of fatty acids and subsequently development of dyslipidemia . To evaluate the effect of oral L-carnitine ( LC ) supplementation on lipid profile of adult MHD patients , we studied 30 of them ( 19 males , 11 females ) who received LC supplementation of 250 mg tablets three times a day for eight weeks . They were compared with 30 matched patients as a control group . Serum lipid profiles were compared before and after the intervention between the two groups . There was a significant decrease of the values of the lipid profile in the intervention group before and after carnitine supplementation including the mean values of total cholesterol ( 190 ± 36.8 vs. 177 ± 31.2 mg/dL ) , triglyceride ( 210 ± 64.7 vs. 190 ± 54.1 mg/dL ) and LDL-cholesterol ( 117 ± 30.1 vs. 106 ± 26.3 mg/dL ) , while the values did not change siginificantly from base line in the control group . However , the difference for HDL-cholesterol in intervention group was not statistically significant . None of the patients dropped out of the study due to drug side effects  . Oral LC supplementation ( 750 mg/day ) is able to improve lipid profile in patients on MHD . Further long-term studies with adequate sample size are needed to define the population of patients who would benefit more from carnitine therapy and the optimal dose and the most efficient route for administration of the drug There is growing evidence that yoga may offer a safe and cost-effective intervention for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus ( DM 2 ) . However , systematic review s are lacking . This article critically review s the published literature regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on physiologic and anthropometric risk profiles and related clinical outcomes in adults with DM 2 . We performed a comprehensive literature search using four computerized English and Indian scientific data bases . The search was restricted to original studies ( 1970–2006 ) that evaluated the metabolic and clinical effects of  yoga in adults with DM 2 . Studies targeting clinical population s with cardiovascular disorders that included adults with comorbid DM were also evaluated . Data were extracted regarding study design , setting , target population , intervention , comparison group or condition , outcome assessment , data analysis and presentation , follow-up , and key results , and the quality of each study was evaluated according to specific predetermined criteria . We identified 25 eligible studies , including 15 uncontrolled trials , 6 non-r and omized controlled trials and 4 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) . Overall , these studies suggest beneficial changes in several risk indices , including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity , lipid profiles , anthropometric characteristics , blood pressure , oxidative stress , coagulation profiles , sympathetic activation and pulmonary function , as well as improvement in specific clinical outcomes .  Yoga may improve risk profiles in adults with DM 2 , and may have promise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications in this population . However , the limitations characterizing most studies preclude drawing firm conclusions . Additional high- quality RCTs are needed to confirm and further eluci date the effects of st and ardized yoga programs in population s with DM 2 Background / Objectives : Pemphigus vulgaris ( PV ) , as an autoimmune disease including mucosa and the skin , is associated with several complications and comorbidities . The present study planned to determine the effect of L-carnitine ( LC ) supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress ( OS ) , antioxidant capacity and lipid profile in PV patients .Subjects/ Methods Fifty two control and patients with PV , participated in the current r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . The patients were allocated r and omly to receive 2 g per day LC tartrate subdivided into two equal doses of 1 g before breakfast and dinner ( n=26 ) or placebo ( n=26 ) for 8 weeks . Anthropometric , lipid profile and OS values were determined at baseline and end of intervention period . Results : LC intake significantly reduced serum levels of triglycerides , total- , LDL- cholesterol and oxidative stress index ( OSI ; P<0.05 ) . In addition , supplementation with LC result ed to a meaningful increase in levels of total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) ( P=0.05 ) and serum carnitine ( P<0.001 ) . LC intake revealed non-significant change in serum total oxidant capacity ( P=0.15 ) and HDL- cholesterol ( P=0.06 ) in comparison to the placebo . Conclusions : LC consumption may have favorable results on TAC , OSI and lipid profiles in patients with PV . The results were in line with the idea that LC supplementation can be associated with positive effects on metabolic status and OS of patients with PV Background : Hyperlipidemia and obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome and increased risk in developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease . Nutritional supplements , e.g. L-carnitine and polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) , exert lipid-lowering effects . Hence , the hypothesis that dietetic intervention reduces plasma lipid levels and metabolic enzymes in overweight hyperlipidemic subjects was tested . Subjects and Methods : In a prospect i ve placebo-controlled double-blind study in 22 moderately hyperlipidemic obese humans consuming low-fat yoghurt enriched with a combination of low-dose PUFAs , polyphenols and L-carnitine ( PPC ) twice a day for 12 weeks were compared to 20 matching participants ingesting low-fat yoghurt .  The effects on plasma lipids and expression of enzymes involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) and HepG2 cells were evaluated . Results : PPC consumption led to significantly reduced plasma free fatty acid ( –29 % ) and triglyceride ( –24 % ) concentrations ( each p < 0.05 ) . PPC application increased significantly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ( PPARα ) mRNA abundances and those of PPARα target genes ( carnitine palmitoyltransferases-1 , CPT1A and CPT1B , carnitine acetyltransferase and organic cation transporter 2 ; each p < 0.05 ) in P BMC s. In controls , plasma lipid levels and P BMC gene expression did not change . These findings were substantiated by the results of cell culture experiments in HepG2 cells . Conclusion : Supplementation of PPC  had marked lipid-lowering effects and P BMC gene expression profiles seemed to reflect nutrition-related metabolic changes BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is becoming a public health problem worldwide and using microalgae is a new approach on its treatment . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on liver enzymes , serum glucose and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD . METHODS This double-blind r and omized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 NAFLD patients from specialized clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from December 2011 to July 2012 . The subjects were r and omly allocated into 2 groups : 1 ) " intervention " ( n=30 ) received 400 mg/day vitamin E plus four 300 mg tablets of Chlorella vulgaris and , 2 ) " placebo " ( n=30 ) received 400 mg/day vitamin E and four placebo tablets per day for 8 weeks . Weight , liver enzymes and metabolic factors were assessed in fasting serum and dietary data was collected at baseline and end of the study . RESULTS Weight , liver enzymes , fasting blood sugar ( FBS ) and lipid profile decreased significantly in both groups ( P<0.05 ) . The differences in weight , ALP and FBS between the two groups were statistically significant ( P=0.01 , P=0.04 and P=0.02 , respectively ) . CONCLUSION C. vulgaris seems to improve FBS and lipid profile and therefore could be considered as an effective complementary treatment in NAFLD We report a r and omised double blind trial of myo-inositol ( inositol ) supplementation for 10 days in 74 preterm infants with a birth weight less than 2000 g ( mean gestational age 29.5 weeks and mean birth weight 1266 g ) . All infants required artificial ventilation for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome . Inositol ( 120 - 160 mg/kg/day ) was administered by the ingastric or intravenous route . The 37 infants who received inositol supplementation required less mechanical ventilation during days 4 - 10 , had less failures of indomethacin to close ductus arteriosus , and had less deaths or bronchopulmonary dysplasia , or both , than the infants treated with placebo . There were no detectable adverse effects . These preliminary results suggest that inositol is an important nutrient in immature preterm infants OBJECTIVES : Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) is a known metabolic disorder of the liver . No treatment has been conclusively shown to improve NASH or prevent disease progression . The function of L-carnitine to modulate lipid profile , glucose metabolism , oxidative stress , and inflammatory responses has been shown . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine 's supplementation on regression of NASH . METHODS : In patients with NASH and control subjects , we r and omly dispensed one 1-g L-carnitine tablet after breakfast plus diet and one 1 g tablet after dinner plus diet for 24 weeks or diet alone at the same dosage and regimen . We evaluated liver enzymes , lipid profile , fasting plasma glucose , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR , body mass index , and histological scores . RESULTS : At the end of the study , L-carnitine-treated patients showed significant improvements in the following parameters : aspartate aminotransferase ( P=0.000 ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) ( P=0.000 ) , γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase ( γ-GT ) ( P=0.000 ) , total cholesterol ( P=0.000 ) , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) ( P=0.000 ) , high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) ( P=0.000 ) , triglycerides ( P=0.000 ) , glucose ( P=0.000 ) , HOMA-IR ( P=0.000 ) , CRP ( P=0.000 ) , TNF-α ( P=0.000 ) , and histological scores ( P=0.000 ) . CONCLUSIONS : L-carnitine supplementation to diet is useful for reducing TNF-α and CRP , and for improving liver function , glucose plasma level , lipid profile , HOMA-IR , and histological manifestations of NASH Background : Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation . It plays an important role in insulin homeostasis and glucose metabolism through multiple enzymatic reactions . With increasing data on magnesium deficiency in diabetic patients and epidemiological studies demonstrating magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for diabetes , it is logical to search for its possible beneficial effects on diabetes control and prevention . We aim ed to determine whether oral magnesium supplementation improves metabolic control , lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes . Methods : Fifty four patients with type II diabetes were included in a r and omized double blind placebocontrolled clinical trial . Patients received either placebo or 300 mg elemental magnesium ( as magnesium sulfate -MgSo4- ) daily , for 3 months . Metabolic control , lipid profile , blood pressure , magnesium status , hepatic enzymes , hemoglobin concentration , and anthropometric indices were determined in the beginning and at the end of the study . Results : Daily administration of 300 mg elemental magnesium for 3 months , significantly improved fasting blood glucose ( 183.9±15.43 to 125.8±6.52 vs. 196.5±28.12 to 136.5±7.94 , p < 0.0001 ) , 2-hour post pr and ial glucose ( 239.1±74.75 to 189.1±60mg/dl vs. 246.4±97.37 to 247.8±86.74mg/dl , p < 0.01 ) , lipid profile , blood pressure and hepatic enzymes . Conclusion : Oral magnesium supplementation with proper dosage has beneficial effects on blood glucose , lipid profile , and blood pressure in patients with type II diabetes OBJECTIVE : To evaluate whether myo-inositol supplementation , an insulin sensitizer , reduces the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) and lowers insulin resistance in obese pregnant women . METHODS : In an open-label , r and omized trial , myo-inositol ( 2 g plus 200 micrograms folic acid twice a day ) or placebo ( 200 micrograms folic acid twice a day ) was administered from the first trimester to delivery in pregnant obese women ( prepregnancy body mass index 30 or greater . We calculated that 101 women in each arm would be required to demonstrate a 65 % GDM reduction in the  myo-inositol  group with a statistical power of 80 % ( & agr;=0.05 ) . The primary outcomes were the incidence of GDM and the change in insulin resistance from enrollment until the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test . RESULTS : From January 2011 to April 2014 , 220 pregnant women at 12–13 weeks of gestation were r and omized at two Italian university hospitals , 110 to myo-inositol and 110 to placebo .  Most characteristics were similar between groups . The GDM rate was significantly reduced in the myo-inositol group compared with the control group , 14.0 % compared with 33.6 % , respectively ( P=.001 ; odds ratio 0.34 , 95 % confidence interval 0.17–0.68 ) . Furthermore , women treated with myo-inositol showed a significantly greater reduction in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance compared with the control group , −1.0±3.1 compared with 0.1±1.8 ( P=.048 ) . CONCLUSION : Myo-inositol supplementation , started in the first trimester , in obese pregnant women seems to reduce the incidence in GDM through a reduction of insulin resistance . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION : Clinical Trials.gov , www . clinical trials.gov , NCT01047982 Background The prevalent raise of type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) around the globe , are creating higher risk for cardiovascular diseases ( CVDs ) and increasing strain on each country ’s health care budget in the world . Microalbuminuria has appeared as a key parameter in diabetic patients . Microalbuminuria is also related to increased cardiovascular morbidity in people who are non-obese diabetic . Some studies have suggested that consumption of symbiotic foods might help improve the metabolic profile , inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress . The aim of trial was to determine the effect of symbiotic supplementation on glycemic control , lipid profiles and microalbuminuria in non-obese T2D . Methods In this r and omized , double-blind , clinical ly controlled trial , 70 patients with T2D ( 28 females , 42 males ) were r and omly divided into two groups ( n = 35 for each group ) . The symbiotic group ( SG ) consumed 500 mg/d of symbiotic supplementations containing probiotics ( Lactobacillus family , Bifidobacterium family , Streptococus thermophilus ) , Prebiotics ( Fructo oligosaccharide ) and B group vitamins ( 1 mg ) , lactose ( 0.5 mg ) , malt-dextrin , magnesium saturate and the placebo group ( PG ) consumed capsules filled with row starch and also B group vitamins ( 1 mg ) , lactose ( 0.5 mg ) , malt-dextrin , magnesium saturate for 9 weeks . Fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , blood lipid profiles , 24-h dietary recalls , and anthropometric measurements were measured at the baseline and at the end of trial . SPSS software , version 16 was used to test the data and the results were expressed as mean ± st and ard deviation . Paired sample s T-Test were used to compare continuous variables within groups . Comparison between different groups was performed through two independent sample s T-Test . In the absence of normal distribution , the comparison between the groups was made using non-parametric Wilcoxon on signed ranks and Mann – Whitney tests . P values < 0.05 was considered significant . Results Symbiotic supplementation decreased significantly , FBG ( P = 0.05 ) and HbA1c ( P < 0.01 ) . There were no significant differences in lipid profiles within and between the groups at the end of study ( P > 0.05 ) . Microalbuminuria ( P < 0.05 ) and HbA1c ( P < 0.05 ) are increased significantly in PG at the end of the study . Furthermore , the mean changes of microalbuminuria and HbA1c experienced significant between the two groups . There was significant reduction in urea between two groups from baseline ( P = 0.051 ) . No significant changes in baseline were shown in creatinine among the two groups or within either groups ( P > 0.05 ) . Conclusion The consumption of 500 mg/d symbiotic supplementation for 9 weeks could improve the HbA1c , BMI and Microalbuminuria in T2D . Although , No effect has been indicated on FBS , lipid profiles , urea and creatinine . Trial Registration The trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials I RCT 2015072223284N1 , identifier . Registered 21 May 2016 “ retrospectively registered ” PURPOSE To examine the relationship between the intake of sugar inositol , serum inositol levels , and ROP in three groups of low birthweight infants receiving feedings containing various concentrations of inositol .  METHODS Infants with a birthweight < 1500 g , with severe lung disease , were eligible for the study when they began enteral feedings . Infant formulas contained three different inositol concentrations : 2500 , 710 , and 242 micromol/L. Serum inositol concentrations were averaged over specific time intervals . A logistic regression model was used to investigate the confounding effect of duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy , birthweight , Apgar score , and serum inositol concentration on development of ROP . RESULTS Infants receiving high inositol formula and with higher serum inositol concentrations at birth and after 30 days had a statistically significant lower incidence of severe ROP than those receiving the lower inositol formula and with lower serum concentrations ( P<.05 ) . The effective serum inositol concentration ( EC90 ) associated with lesser disease was > 215 micromol/L. By logistic regression , the odds of developing severe ROP were greater among infants with low serum inositol concentration ( odds ratio=4.7 , 95 % confidence interval 0.90 - 24.8 , P=.017 ) . CONCLUSION Inositol supplementation may help prevent the most severe form of ROP OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile in observational studies . The intention was to compare insulin sensitivity ( the primary end point ) and secretion and lipids in subjects with low and high serum 25(OH)D ( 25-hydroxyvitamin D ) levels and to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the same outcomes among the participants with low serum 25(OH)D levels . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were recruited from a population -based study ( the Tromsø Study ) based on their serum 25(OH)D measurements . A 3-h hyperglycemic clamp was performed , and the participants with low serum 25(OH)D levels were thereafter r and omized to receive capsules of 20,000 IU vitamin D3 or identical-looking placebo twice weekly for 6 months . A final hyperglycemic clamp was then performed . RESULTS The 52 participants with high serum 25(OH)D levels ( 85.6 ± 13.5 nmol/L [ mean ± SD ] ) had significantly higher insulin sensitivity index ( ISI ) and lower HbA1c and triglycerides ( TGs ) than the 108 participants with low serum 25(OH)D ( 40.3 ± 12.8 nmol/L ) , but the differences in ISI and TGs were not significant after adjustments . After supplementation , serum 25(OH)D was 142.7 ± 25.7 and 42.9 ± 17.3 nmol/L in 49 of 51 completing participants r and omized to vitamin D and 45 of 53 r and omized to placebo , respectively . At the end of the study , there were no statistically significant differences in the outcome variables between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation to apparently healthy subjects with insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels does not improve insulin sensitivity or secretion or serum lipid profile
Conclusions Inositol supplementation may result in reduction in triglycerides , total- and LDL-cholesterol levels , but did not affect HDL-cholesterol levels  among patients with metabolic diseases .
Background Several studies have evaluated the effect of inositol supplementation on lipid profiles among population with metabolic diseases ; however , the findings are controversial .
This review of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) was performed to summarize the evidence of the effects of inositol supplementation on lipid profiles among population with metabolic diseases .