Clinical outcome of three-unit lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic fixed dental prostheses: up to 8 years results. Risk factors for failure of glass fiber-reinforced composite post restorations: a prospective observational clinical study. Ten-year survival and complication rates of lithium-disilicate (Empress 2) tooth-supported crowns, implant-supported crowns, and fixed dental prostheses. Clinical performance of all-ceramic cantilever fixed dental prostheses: results of a 2-year randomized pilot study. Fracture resistance and deflection of pulpless anterior teeth restored with composite or porcelain veneers. Clinical evaluation of all-ceramic posterior three-unit FDPs made of In-Ceram Zirconia. Three-year clinical comparison of survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with either full cast coverage or with direct composite restoration. An up to 3-Year Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Outcome of Glass Fiber Posts and Composite Cores with Gold Alloy-Based Posts and Cores for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth. Clinical evaluation of teeth restored with quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts. Placement of fiber prefabricated or custom made posts affects the 3-year survival of endodontically treated premolars. Long-term survival of endodontically treated, maxillary anterior teeth restored with either tapered or parallel-sided glass-fiber posts and full-ceramic crown coverage. Survival rate of endodontically treated teeth in relation to conservative vs post insertion techniques -- a retrospective study. Post Placement Affects Survival of Endodontically Treated Premolars Clinical performance of long-span zirconia frameworks for fixed dental prostheses: 5-year results. Resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated restored teeth. Relationship between crown placement and the survival of endodontically treated teeth. Composite resin core-crown reconstructions: an up to 17-year follow-up of a controlled clinical trial. Clinical performance and periodontal outcome of temporary crowns and fixed partial dentures: A randomized clinical trial. Prospective study of zirconia-based restorations: 3-year clinical results. Clinical and Patient-reported Outcomes of a Zirconia Oral Implant Controlled Clinical Trial on the Outcome of Glass Fiber Composite Cores Versus Wrought Posts and Cast Cores for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A 5-Year Follow-up Study. Fracture resistance of compromised endodontically treated teeth restored with bonded post and cores: An in vitro study. Predictors of root canal treatment in teeth with full coverage restorations.
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this prospect i ve study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of  crown-retained fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) made  from a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic ( IPS e.max Press , Ivoclar-Vivadent ) . METHODS Thirty-six three-unit FDPs were placed in 28 patients . The FDPs replaced teeth in the anterior ( 16 % ) and posterior ( 84 % ) regions . All teeth were prepared following a st and ardized protocol . The size of the proximal connector of the FDPs was 12 mm2 ( anterior ) or 16 mm2 ( posterior ) . FDPs were cemented either with glass-ionomer cement ( n=19 ) or composite resin ( n=17 ) . The following parameters were evaluated at baseline , 6 months after cementation and then annually ( at abutment and contralateral teeth ) : probing pocket depth , plaque index , bleeding on probing , and tooth vitality . RESULTS Three FDPs were defined as drop-out . The mean observation period of the remaining 33 FDPs was 86 months ( range : 67 - 98 months ) : two FDPs in two patients had to be replaced ( 6 % ) because of fractures . The 8-year survival rate according to Kaplan-Meier was 93 % . In addition , chipping of the veneering material was found in two FDPs ( 6 % ) . Two abutments ( 3 % ) of two restorations had to be treated endodontically ; and two FDPs ( 6 % ) lost retention and had to be recemented . These complications did not affect the function of the involved restorations clinical ly . There were no significant differences between the periodontal parameters of the test and control teeth . SIGNIFICANCE Short-span crown-retained three-unit FDPs made from lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic can be used clinical ly irrespective of an adhesive or conventional cementation Glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts are considered to have favorable mechanical properties for the reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth . The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the survival of two tapered and one parallel-sided glass fiber-reinforced endodontic post systems in teeth with different stages of hard tissue loss and to identify risk factors for restoration failure . One-hundred and forty-nine glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts in 122 patients were followed-up for 5 - 56 months [ mean + /- st and ard deviation ( SD ) : 39 + /- 11 months ] . Glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts were adhesively luted and the core was built with a composite resin .  Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of clinical variables and failure rate . Higher failure rates were found for restorations of anterior teeth compared with posterior teeth [ Hazard-Ratios ( HR ) : 3.1 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 1.3 - 7.4 ] , for restorations in teeth with no proximal contacts compared with at least one proximal contact ( HR : 3.0 ; 95 % CI : 1.0 - 9.0 ) , and for teeth restored with single crowns compared with fixed bridges ( HR : 4.3 ; 95 % CI : 1.1 - 16.2 ) . Tooth type , type of final restoration and the presence of adjacent teeth were found to be significant predictors of failure rates in endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber-reinforced endodontic posts OBJECTIVES To prospect ively evaluate the clinical long-term outcome of  tooth-supported crowns ( SCs ) , implant-supported crowns ( ISCs ) , and fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs )  made of a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic framework material ( IPS Empress 2 ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Between 1997 and 1999 , a total of 184 restorations ( 106 SCs , 32 ISCs , 33 FDPs , and 13 diverse restorations ) were placed in 73 patients .  Kaplan-Meier estimation was applied for survival and chipping-free rates . Inter-group comparison of both rates was realized by a log rank test and a 2 × 2 contingency table . Also , SCs and FDPs were compared regarding adhesive vs. conventional cementation , and anterior vs. posterior positioning , for impact on survival . RESULTS Due to 14 dropouts ( 34 restorations ) and reasonable exclusion of 19 other restorations , the final data set included : i ) 87 SCs [ 37 patients , mean observation time 11.4 (±3.8)years ] ; ii ) 17 ISCs [ 12 patients , mean observation time 13.3 (±2.3)years ; and iii ) 27 FDPs [ 19 patients , mean observation time 8.9 (±5.4)years ] . The 10-year survival rate/chipping-free rate for SCs were 86.1%/83.4 % , for ISCs 93.8%/94.1 % , and for FDPs were 51.9%/90.8 % . Both ISCs and SCs had a significantly higher survival than FDPs ( ISCs vs. FDPs : both tests p=0.001 ; SCs vs. FDPs : p=0.001 and p=0.005 ) . Differences in the chipping-free rates did not reach significance . Also , neither the cementation mode nor positioning of the restoration had an impact on survival . CONCLUSIONS SCs had a slightly lower outcome than can generally be expected from single crowns . In contrast , ICSs had a favorable outcome and the FDPs predominantly failed . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The practitioner 's choice of dental material s is based ( at best ) on long-term experience . The present 10-year results are based on comprehensive data analyses and show the high potential of lithium-disilicate as a reliable material , especially for single-unit restoration OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of zirconia-based cantilever fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) . METHOD AND MATERIAL S Twenty-one cantilever FDPs with three or four units were design ed to replace one premolar or incisor ( no canines ) . The FDPs were divided into 11 zirconia cantilever FDPs ( test group ) and 10 metal-ceramic cantilever FDPs ( control group ) and r and omly assigned to patients . The results documented included failures , complications , plaque accumulation , and esthetic performance . Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests . RESULTS During the 2-year observation period , a total of five clinical ly relevant complications in four patients occurred : three endodontic problems ( two in the test group and one in the control group ) and two veneer chippings ( both in the test group ) . Plaque accumulation on the abutment teeth was not significantly different among groups . The esthetic performance of all FDPs was acceptable . CONCLUSION Stability and esthetic performance were acceptable for all-ceramic cantilever FDPs fabricated with zirconia . A longer observation period and larger sample size are necessary to make valid predictions about the longevity of these restorations INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence that resin composite and porcelain veneer restorations , associated or not to fiber post placement , have on fracture resistance and deflection of pulpless anterior teeth .  METHODS One hundred twenty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected . Teeth were r and omly divided into 7 experimental groups ( veneer preparation/resin composite veneer placement/endodontic therapy and resin composite veneer placement/endodontic therapy , fiber post and resin composite veneer placement/porcelain veneer placement/endodontic therapy and porcelain veneer placement/endodontic therapy , fiber post and porcelain veneer placement ) and a control group ( n = 15 ) . Specimens were loaded to fracture recording crown deflection , and data were statistically analyzed . RESULTS Veneer preparations did not significantly influence fracture resistance of incisors . On the contrary , veneer preparation significantly increased specimen deflection values .  Fiber posts seemed to significantly increase mean maximum load values for endodontically treated teeth restored with either composite or porcelain veneers . CONCLUSIONS A fiber post restoration can be suggested when endodontic treatment is associated with veneer restoration . Veneer restorations seem to be an optimal choice also for endodontically treated teeth This prospect i ve study evaluated the clinical outcome of three-unit posterior fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) made of In-Ceram Zirconia . All 65 FDPs were inserted at the Department of Prosthodontics , School of Dentistry , Kiel , Germany , and cemented with glass-ionomer cement .  Follow-ups were performed annually . During a mean observation time of 54.4 months , two FDPs failed ( one technical and one biologic failure ) . Two FDPs debonded and the veneering ceramic fractured in four cases . Three abutment teeth needed endodontic treatment and two additional abutment teeth exhibited secondary caries . Results suggest that posterior three-unit all-ceramic FDPs made from In-Ceram Zirconia may be a viable prosthetic treatment option with an outcome comparable to metal-ceramic FDPs STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Little information exists regarding the outcome of crown build-ups on endodontically treated teeth restored with metal-ceramic crowns or with only a direct-placed composite . PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success rate of endodontically treated premolars restored with fiber posts and direct composite restorations and compare that treatment with a similar treatment of full-coverage with metal-ceramic crowns . MATERIAL AND METHODS Subjects included in this study had one maxillary or m and ibular premolar for which endodontic treatment and crown build up was indicated and met specific inclusion /exclusion criteria . Only premolars with Class II carious lesions and preserved cusp structure were included . Subjects were r and omly assigned to 1 of the following 2 experimental groups : ( 1 ) teeth endodontically treated and restored with adhesive techniques and composite or ( 2 ) teeth endodontically treated , restored with adhesive techniques and composite , and then restored with full-coverage metal-ceramic crowns .  Sixty teeth were included in the first group and 57 in the second . All restorations were performed by one operator . Causes of failure were categorized as root fracture , post fracture , post decementation , clinical and /or radiographic evidence of marginal gap between tooth and restoration , and clinical and /or radiographic evidence of secondary caries contiguous with restoration margins . Subjects were examined for the listed clinical and radiographic causes of failure by 2 calibrated examiners at intervals of 1 , 2 , and 3 years . Exact 95 % confidence intervals for the difference between the 2 experimental groups were calculated . RESULTS At the 1-year recall , no failures were reported . The only failure modes observed at 2 and 3 years were decementations of posts and clinical and /or radiographic evidence of marginal gap between tooth and restoration . There was no difference in the failure frequencies of the 2 groups ( 95 % confidence interval , -17.5 to 12.6 ) . There was no difference between the number of failures caused by post decementations and the presence of marginal gaps observed in the 2 groups ( 95 % confidence intervals , -9.7 to 16.2 and -17.8 to 9.27 ) . CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study , the results upheld the research hypothesis that the clinical success rates of endodontically treated premolars restored with fiber posts and direct composite restorations after 3 years of service were equivalent to a similar treatment of full coverage with metal-ceramic crowns PURPOSE This controlled clinical trial aim ed to compare the 3-year outcomes of glass fiber posts and composite cores with gold alloy-based posts and cores for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred forty-four patients in need of 205 restorations on endodontically treated teeth were selected and followed for 7 to 37 months ( mean : 21 ± 9 months ) . The teeth were primarily stratified based on the remaining tissue available to restore the tooth core with or without a post . Then , r and omization allocated the teeth to either test group 1 ( prefabricated glass fiber posts ) , test group 2 ( custom-made glass fiber posts ) , or test group 3 ( composite cores without posts ) . The control group consisted of gold alloy-based posts and cores . All posts/cores were covered with all-ceramic single crowns .  Failures were either absolute , such as root fractures or irreparable fractures of the post/core , or relative , such as loss of post retention or reparable fractures of the core . Success and survival probability lifetime curves , corrected for clustering , were drawn for the entire data set . RESULTS The recall rate at 3 years was 97.1 % . Absolute failures consisted of two root fractures and one endodontic failure , while relative failures included three instances of retention loss of the post/core and one post fracture . Because of the low number of events , no statistical tests were performed . The success and survival probabilities over all groups together at 3 years amounted to 91.7 % and 97.2 % , respectively . CONCLUSIONS After being followed for up to 3 years , both cast gold and composite post and core systems performed well clinical ly . Longer follow-up times are needed to detect possible significant differences . Int J Prosthodont 2011;24:363 - 372 PURPOSE This prospect i ve clinical follow-up evaluated the acceptability of quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy posts used in endodontically treated teeth over a 30-month period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In 132 patients , 180 endodontically treated teeth were restored using AEstheti-Plus quartz-fiber posts . The posts were luted with the All-Bond 2 adhesive system and C&B Resin Cement according to the manufacturer 's recommendations . The core was made with Core-Flo or Bis-Core , and all-ceramic crowns or metal-ceramic crowns were applied as final restorations . The parameters considered as clinical failure were displacement , detachment , or fracture of posts ; core or root fracture ; and crown or prosthesis decementation . Patients were reevaluated at 6 , 12 , 24 , and 30 months . RESULTS One cohesive failure involving a margin of the composite core was observed after 2 weeks , and two adhesive fractures were seen after 2 months . These failures were located between the cement and the dentin walls of the canals . All three failures occurred during removal of the temporary crown . The percentage of failures was thus 1.7 % over a 30-month period , but it was possible to successfully replace the restoration in all three failed cases . CONCLUSION Over a 30-month period , the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth using quartz-fiber posts showed good clinical results . No crown or prosthesis decementation was observed , and no post , core , or root fractures were recorded PURPOSE To assess whether the amount of residual coronal dentin and the placement of a prefabricated ( DT Light Post ) ( LP ) or a customized fiber post ( Ever Stick Post ) ( ES ) have a significant influence on the 3-year survival of endodontically treated premolars . METHODS A sample of 345 patients provided six groups of 60 premolars in need of endodontic treatment . Groups were defined based on the amount of dentin left at the coronal level after endodontic treatment and before abutment build-up . Within each group teeth were r and omly divided into three subgroups ( n = 20 ) . In Subgroup A , no root canal retention was provided for the coronal restoration . In Subgroups B and C , LP and ES , respectively , were placed inside the root canal . All the teeth were finally restored with a single unit metal-ceramic crown . RESULTS Data were not affected by any loss to follow-up . The overall 36-month survival rate of crowned endodontically treated premolars was 76.7 % . The lowest survival rate was recorded for teeth restored without any root canal retention ( 62.5 % ) . Teeth restored with LP had a survival rate higher ( 90.9 % ) than those restored with ES ( 76.7 % ) . The Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of root canal retention was a significant factor for survival ( P < 0.05 ) . The decrease in failure risk was higher in teeth restored with LP ( HR = 0.1 ; 95 % CI for HR = 0.09 to 0.34 ; P < 0.001 ) than when using ES ( HR = 0.5 ; 95 % CI for HR = 0.3 to 0.7 ; P = 0.003 ) . Teeth retaining one ( HR = 0.3 ; 95 % CI for HR = 0.2 to 0.7 ; P = 0.003 ) , two ( HR = 0.2 ; 95 % CI for HR = 0.1 to 0.5 ; P < 0.001 ) , or three coronal walls ( HR = 0.1 ; 95 % CI for HR = 0.05 to 0.3 ; P < 0.001 ) had a significantly lower failure risk than teeth deprived even of the ferrule effect . Similar failure risks existed for teeth missing all the coronal walls regardless of the presence or absence of a ferrule effect ( P > 0.05 ) . Interaction terms were not significant ( P > 0.05 ) . Post placement and the amount of residual coronal dentin affected the 3-year survival of endodontically treated premolars OBJECTIVES This retrospective study investigated the clinical effectiveness over up to 8 years of parallel-sided and of tapered glass-fiber posts , in combination with either hybrid composite or dual-cure composite resin core material , in endodontically treated , maxillary anterior teeth covered with full-ceramic crowns . METHODS The study population comprised 192 patients and 526 endodontically treated teeth , with various degrees of hard-tissue loss , restored by the post- and -core technique .  Four groups were defined based on post shape and core build-up material s , and within each group post- and -core restorations were assigned r and omly with respect to root morphology . Inclusion criteria were symptom-free endodontic therapy , root-canal treatment with a minimum apical seal of 4 mm , application of rubber dam , need for post- and -core complex because of coronal tooth loss , and tooth with at least one residual coronal wall . Survival rate of the post- and -core restorations was determined using Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis . RESULTS The restorations were examined clinical ly and radiologically ; mean observation period was 5.3 years . The overall survival rate of glass-fiber post- and -core restorations was 98.5 % . The survival rate for parallel-sided posts was 98.6 % and for tapered posts was 96.8 % . Survival rates for core build-up material s were 100 % for dual-cure composite and 96.8 % for hybrid light-cure composite . CONCLUSIONS For both glass-fiber post design s and for both core build-up material s , clinical performance was satisfactory . Survival was higher for teeth retaining four and three coronal walls AIMS AND METHODS The purpose of this retrospective , non-r and omised cohort study was to evaluate the success rate of 775 endodontically treated teeth depending on the restoration type . A total of 508 patients with 775 endodontically treated teeth were examined during at least 12 months . The radiographic controls , time span between root canal filling and definitive restoration , restoration material type , inserted post system type and the occurrence of possible endodontically as well as restorative post-operative complications were recorded . RESULTS 18.3 % of the 775 investigated teeth were incisors and canines , 33.5 % were premolars and 48.2 % molars . Pre-fabricated and casted metal post systems were used only in 15.6 % of the endodontically treated teeth ( 18.4 % incisors and canines , 44.8 % premolars , 36.8 % molars ) . 6.6 % of the teeth had endodontically related symptoms or severe complications , whereas in 13.2 % of the teeth restored with metal posts showed complications , such as root or crown fractures . The Cox-Regression analysis showed that teeth restored with a post system had a statistically significant higher failure rate ( p = 0.044 ) than those which had been restored without posts . CONCLUSIONS The results showed a high success rate for endodontically treated teeth when the final restoration was placed within a short period of time ( two weeks ) . A higher tooth loss was observed when metal post systems were employed suggesting that pre caution is recommended when these types of posts are inserted Clinical evidence is lacking regarding the influence of the amount of residual coronal dentin and of post placement on the failure risk of endodontically compromised teeth . The aim of this prospect i ve clinical trial was to assess whether these factors significantly affect the two-year survival of restored pulpless premolars . A sample of 210 individuals provided six experimental groups of 40 premolars in need of endodontic treatment . Groups were defined based on the amount of dentin left at the coronal level . Within each group , in half of the teeth selected at r and om , a fiber post was inserted inside the root canal , whereas in the remaining half of the premolars , no post was placed . All teeth were covered with a crown . The Cox regression analysis revealed that post placement result ed in a significant reduction of failure risk ( p < 0.001 ) . Failure risk was increased for teeth under the “ no ferrule ” ( p = 0.001 ) and “ ferrule effect ” conditions ( p = 0.004 ) The purpose of this prospect i ve cohort study was to assess the performance of tooth-supported ,  long-span , zirconia fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) . Thirty FDPs with span lengths from 36 to 46 mm ( mean 40·33 mm ) , with 4 - 7 units and with connector dimensions ∼9 mm(2 ) were inserted ( 19 in the posterior region , 11 including anterior teeth ) using glass-ionomer cement .  The performance of the FDPs was assessed ( aesthetic evaluation , failures , hypersensitivity/tooth vitality , secondary caries , pocket depth , decementation , and chipping ) at baseline and after 5 years . Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors . There were 16 failures after 5 years . Framework fracture occurred for two FDPs , four FDPs had to be re-cemented , one abutment tooth had to be treated endodontically , one abutment tooth fractured and cohesive failure of the veneer occurred for eight . Four FDPs had to be replaced , so survival was 82 % . The aesthetics were rated as excellent by the patients at baseline and good at the 5-year recall . Cox regression analysis showed that both length [ P = 0·05 , exp(B ) = 1·22 ] and location [ P = 0·019 , exp(B ) = 4·09 ] of the FDP were risk factors for failure . Compared with the previously published 2-year results , the incidence of complications increased dramatically . Additionally , it was shown that long-span FDPs in the molar region are at greater risk of failure than FDPs in the anterior region PURPOSE To compare by confocal and scanning electron microscopy the post-resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated teeth which had been restored with dentin-bonding systems and composite and needed to be extracted after 6 months to 6 years of clinical service . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixteen single rooted teeth showing proximal lesions penetrating the pulp chamber were included in the investigation and divided into two groups . Group 1 teeth were endodontically-treated , restored with carbon fiber posts and resin-based composite . Group 2 teeth were treated in the same way and covered with porcelain fused-to-metal crowns . RESULTS Two thirds of the observed interfaces showed resin penetration of the root dentin in the middle and coronal third of the post space preparation , while only one third of the interface showed resin infiltration in the apical third of the post space preparation . Debonding of the adhesive from the resin infiltrated dentin area and debonding of the composite cement from the adhesive were the most frequently observed failure modes and were observed in one third of the observed interfaces . There was no difference between the post-resin-dentin interfaces of teeth covered and teeth not covered with porcelain-fused to metal crowns . Teeth extracted after longer periods of clinical service showed more abundant areas of debonding of the adhesive from the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone . The presence of bacteria in resin infiltrated dentin tubules was observed in two specimens STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Crowns have been considered the restoration of choice for endodontically treated teeth , but their selection has been based primarily on anecdotal evidence . PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that crown placement ( coronal coverage ) is associated with improved survival of endodontically treated teeth when preaccess , endodontic , and restorative factors are controlled . MATERIAL AND METHODS A University of Iowa College of Dentistry treatment data base was used to identify permanent teeth that had undergone initial obturation between July 1 , 1985 , and December 31 , 1987 . Study patients were restricted to persons with at least 1 dental visit in each 2-year interval from 1985 to 1996 ; a simple r and om sample of 280 patients ( n = 400 teeth ) was selected . Dental charts , radiographs , and computerized data bases were examined to ascertain variables of interest and to verify study inclusion criteria . Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated for the 203 teeth that satisfied study inclusion criteria . Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed , with st and ard errors adjusted to account for clustering of teeth within patients . RESULTS When tooth type and radiographic evidence of caries at access were controlled , the final Cox model showed that endodontically treated teeth not crowned after obturation were lost at a 6.0 times greater rate than teeth crowned after obturation ( 95 % confidence interval : 3.2 to 11.3 ) . CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study , a strong association between crown placement and the survival of endodontically treated teeth was observed . These results may impact treatment planning if long-term tooth retention is the primary goal PURPOSE The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to collect up to 17 years of survival data of endodontically treated single teeth with or without a prefabricated metal post .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Single teeth were provided with direct composite resin core-crown reconstructions with or without posts by 15 operators . Restorations consisted of either a prefabricated metal post and a composite core-crown reconstruction or a post-free direct composite reconstruction . Allocation of either restoration was performed by balanced drawing . These restorations were not covered by an artificial crown . The study sample consisted of 87 patients who received 98 core-crown reconstructions .  The performance of the restorations was evaluated based on data collected from the files of the clinicians currently monitoring the oral health of the patients . The survival probability was analyzed at different levels : on the restoration level and on the level of the tooth carrying the restoration . Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival probabilities . RESULTS Post placement showed no influence on the survival probability at either level ( P > .05 ) . The estimated overall survival rate at 17 years was 53 % + /- 14 % at the restoration level and 79 % + /- 11 % at the tooth level . CONCLUSION The results of this long-term follow-up study showed no difference in survival probabilities between different direct composite resin core-crown reconstructions of endodontically treated single teeth ( with or without a post ) STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Different material s ( autopolymerizing , dual curing , and light initiated ) are used for fabricating provisional restorations during prosthetic treatment . R and omized clinical trials that have evaluated these provisional material s have not been published . PURPOSE This clinical trial compared the h and ling , fitting , plaque adherence , gingivitis , color stability , and the subjective assessment of the provisional material s by the patient and the dentist for 2 autopolymerizing ( Protemp , Luxatemp ) , 1 dual-curing ( Provipont ) , and 1 light-initiated ( Triad-VLC ) material for the manufacturing of temporary crowns and fixed partial dentures . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty subjects in need of 2 similar fixed prosthetic restorations ( single crowns ¿ 20 , three-quarter crowns ¿ 2 , connected crowns ¿ 9 , or fixed partial dentures ¿ 30 ) were treated with 1 temporary restoration of Protemp II ( control ) and one r and omly selected from Luxatemp , Provipont , or Triad-VLC material s. The mean time of treatment was 37.5 days ( minimum 2 days , maximum 156 days ) . All restorations were manufactured intraorally with a vacuum-formed template . RESULTS Mechanical and retentive characteristics revealed a high level of clinical reliability . Plaque adherence of the teeth with temporary restorations was significantly increased ( P = .0039 ) compared with the untreated mesial reference teeth . CONCLUSION The advantageous mechanical properties of the light-curing and dual-curing material s review ed in dental literature were clinical ly offset by disadvantages in h and ling OBJECTIVES To evaluate  fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) and single crowns made of zirconia substructures veneered with new fluorapatite veneering porcelain . METHOD AND MATERIAL S Thirty-eight patients received 18 FDPs and 50 single crowns . Zirconia substructures were fabricated by a CAD/CAM system and veneered using the powder buildup technique . All restorations were cemented with glass ionomer . Baseline evaluation was performed 2 weeks after cementation with recall examinations at 12 , 24 , and 36 months by calibrated investigators . SEM was performed on replicas of all restorations . Survival probabilities according to Kaplan-Meier were calculated . RESULTS The mean service time was 35 ( + /- 14 ) months . After 3 years of clinical service , three biologic and five technical failures were recorded . All failures occurred in the FDP group . One FDP was removed after biologic failure of one abutment tooth . The Kaplan-Meier survival probability was 88.2 % after 35 months for all types of failures and 98.5 % concerning restorations in service . The type of restoration showed significant influence on the survival probability ( P < .001 , log-rank test ) . No influence on gingival parameters from the restorations was observed compared to control teeth . CONCLUSIONS Zirconia substructures veneered with fluorapatite veneering porcelain seem to be a reliable treatment option . More research has to be conducted to investigate differences between single crowns and FDPs The objective of this study was to determine the clinical , radiographic , and patient-reported outcomes of a 1-piece alumina-toughened zirconia implant restored with single crowns ( SCs ) or 3-unit fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) after 3 y of observation . Forty patients received 53 implants  , placed in a 1-stage operation with immediate temporization . Finally , 50 implants were restored with 24 SCs and 13 FDPs . To evaluate peri-implant bone loss , st and ardized radiographs were taken at implant insertion , at final restoration delivery , and after 1 and 3 y. Additionally , several soft tissue parameters and patient-reported outcome measures were evaluated . Linear mixed models with r and om intercept for each patient and patients as clusters were used to compare subgroups . Three patients did not receive a SC due to early implant loss , and 1 patient died . As a result , 36 patients with 49 implants were followed-up for 3 y , giving a cumulative survival rate of 94.2 % . The average marginal bone loss amounted to 0.79 mm ( SCs , 0.47 mm ; FDPs , 1.07 mm ; P < 0.001 ) . After the delivery of the final prosthetic restoration , further bone loss was not statistically significant ( 0.09 mm ; P = 0.700 ) . Probing depth , clinical attachment level , and modified bleeding index increased significantly at the implant sites , whereas gingival recession decreased significantly . Compared with the pretreatment question naires , the patient-reported outcome measures showed a permanently improved perception of function , aesthetics , sense , speech and self-esteem . The survival rate of the investigated ceramic implant system seems to be comparable to reported survival rates of titanium implants when immediately restored . The recorded parameters suggest its potential for clinical utilization PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the 5-year outcomes of glass fiber composite with cast posts and cores for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 143 patients in need of 203 full ceramic restorations on endodontically treated teeth were included . After primary stratification based on the need for post or no post , teeth were r and omly allotted to test group 1 ( prefabricated glass fiber posts ) , 2 ( custom-made glass fiber posts ) , or 3 ( composite cores without posts ) . The control group was treated with gold alloy-based wrought posts and cast cores .  Success ( original present ) and survival ( present after intervention ) probability lifetime curves , corrected for clustering , were drawn over the entire data set . RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 5.8 years ( range : 0.5 to 7.2 years ) . At 5 years , the success and survival probabilities were 85.2 % and 91.5 % , respectively . Lifetime curves did not show any significant differences between the test and control groups for success ( P = .85 ) or survival ( P = .57 ) . Moreover , no significant differences for success or survival could be found among the four groups ( the three test groups and the control group ) . CONCLUSION After 5 years of follow-up , cast gold and composite post- and -core systems on teeth with ceramic full restorations provided with a ferrule performed equally well STATEMENT OF PROBLEM It is unclear which post and core system performs best when bonded to severely compromised endodontically treated teeth . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance and mode of failure of severely compromised teeth restored with 3 different adhesively bonded post and core systems . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty extracted endodontically treated maxillary anterior teeth were r and omly divided into 3 groups , CPC , gold cast post and core ; TPC , titanium prefabricated post/composite resin core ; and FPC , quartz fiber reinforced post/composite resin core . All posts were adhesively cemented . All cores resembled a central incisor preparation with no remaining tooth structure above the finish line . Cast gold crowns were fabricated and cemented adhesively . The specimens were aged with thermocycling and cyclic loading . Two specimens per group were r and omly selected for micro-computed tomographic imaging before and after aging . Failure was induced with a universal testing machine . The mode of failure was characterized by the interface separation . Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA ( α=.05 ) followed by post hoc tests ( Bonferroni ) . RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found among the 3 groups ( P=.002  ) . CPC was significantly different than TPC ( P=.008 ) or FPC ( P=.003 ) . The primary mode of failure  for CPC and TPC  was root fracture , and for FPC post debonding . CONCLUSIONS Severely compromised endodontically treated teeth restored with bonded gold cast post and cores showed significantly higher fracture resistance This case-control study sought to identify variables predictive of subsequent root canal therapy ( RCT )  in teeth receiving full coverage restorations . The University of North Carolina School of Dentistry 's computerized treatment data base was used to identify all patients receiving a single-unit crown on a nonendodontically treated permanent tooth from January 1 , 1998 through December 31 , 2002 . These patients then were classified either as cases ( those whose crowned teeth received RCT before July 1 , 2004 ) or controls ( those whose crowned teeth did not ) . Computerized data , chart entries , and dental radiographs were examined to determine pre- , intra- , and postoperative factors of interest . In the final multivariable logistic regression model that included 66 cases and 71 controls , younger age ( p = 0.005 ) and greater extent of coronal and root destruction ( p = 0.020 ) remained statistically significant predictors of case status , though many potentially important predictors were unavailable through chart review . Patients could benefit if prospect i ve studies were conducted to identify factors predictive of subsequent endodontic involvement in newly crowned teeth
Conclusions The most frequently reported failures in the available studies were as follows : fiber post debonding , loss of retention of single crowns , and marginal gaps .
Less frequently , chippings and fractures were recorded in SCs .
Objective The present systematic review aim ed at assessing data from the literature on endodontic and prosthetic complications in endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber posts and single crowns ( SCs ) or fixed dental prostheses ( FDPs ) .