Effect of resin cement system and root region on the push-out bond strength of a translucent fiber post. Effect of Carbodiimide on Bonding Durability of Adhesive-cemented Fiber Posts in Root Canals. Effects of dentin surface treatments including Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin Comparison of regional bond strength in root thirds among fiber-reinforced posts luted with different cements. Immediate and 24-hour evaluation of the interfacial strengths of fiber posts. Eroded dentin does not jeopardize the bond strength of adhesive restorative materials. Effects of silane application on luting fiber posts using self-adhesive resin cement. Influence of laser irradiation on fiber post retention Push-out bond strengths of different dental cements used to cement glass fiber posts. Fiber post placement with core build-up materials or resin cements—An evaluation of different adhesive approaches Effect of Intracanal Irrigants on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Cemented With a Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Long-term dentin retention of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in non-carious cervical lesions. Efficacy of a self-curing adhesive-resin cement system on luting glass-fiber posts into root canals: an SEM investigation. Do blood contamination and haemostatic agents affect microtensile bond strength of dual cured resin cement to dentin? Effect of root canal sealers on bond strength of fibreglass posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cements. The effect of light-curing access and different resin cements on apical bond strength of fiber posts. Influence of periodontal ligament simulation on bond strength and fracture resistance of roots restored with fiber posts Evaluation of Various Pretreatments to Fiber Post on the Push‐out Bond Strength of Root Canal Dentin Demineralization around orthodontic brackets bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer cement and fluoride-releasing resin composite. Effect of plunger diameter on the push-out bond values of different root filling materials. Evaluation of four cementation strategies on the push-out bond strength between fiber post and root dentin. Retentive strength of luting cements for stainless steel crowns: an in vitro study. In-vitro evaluation of bond strength of four self-etching cements.
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the bond strength of luting systems for bonding glass fiber posts to root canal dentin . The hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in bond strength of glass fiber posts luted with different cement systems . METHODS Forty bovine incisors were r and omly assigned to five different resin cement groups ( n=8 ) . After endodontic treatment and crown removal , translucent glass fiber posts were bonded into the root canal using five different luting protocol s ( self-cured cement and etch- and -rinse adhesive system ; dual-cured cement and etch- and -rinse adhesive system ; self-cured cement and self-etch adhesive system ; dual-cured cement and self-etch adhesive system ; and dual-cured self-adhesive cement ) . Push-out bond strength was evaluated at three different radicular levels : cervical , middle , and apical . The interface between resinous cement and the post was observed using a stereoscopic microscope . RESULTS Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference among the cements ( p<0.05 ) and the root canal thirds ( p<0.05 ) . The self-adhesive resinous cement had lower values of retention . CONCLUSIONS The resin cements used with etch- and -rinse and self-etch adhesive systems seem to be adequate for glass fiber post cementation This study was undertaken to investigate whether using a protein cross-linker , 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl ) carbodiimide ( EDC ) , improves bonding stability of fiber posts to root dentin using three resin cements . Sixty human maxillary central incisor roots were r and omly divided into six groups after endodontic treatment , according to the cements used with and without EDC pretreatment . In the etch- and -rinse group , 0.3 M EDC aqueous solution was applied on acid-etched root dentin prior to Excite DSC/Variolink II for post cementation . In the self-etch and self-adhesive groups , EDC was used on EDTA-conditioned root space prior to application of ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0 and Clearfil SA , respectively . After microslicing the root dentin , a push-out bond strength ( BS ) test was performed immediately or after one-year of water storage for each group . Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests ( α=0.05 ) . A significant effect of cement type , time , EDC , and Time × Cement and Time × EDC interactions were observed ( p≤0.001 ) . EDC pretreatment did not affect immediate bonding of the three cements ( p>0.05 ) . Aging significantly reduced the BS in all the groups ( p≤0.001 ) , but EDC groups exhibited a higher BS compared with the respective control groups ( p<0.001 ) . Despite the significant effect of aging on decreasing the BS of fiber post to radicular dentin , EDC could diminish this effect for the three tested cements Abstract Objective . Intra-canal post systems are commonly used to restore root-filled teeth . Bond strengths of the posts can be affected by various surface treatments of the post or the dentin . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments including erbium-chromium ; yttrium-sc and ium-gallium-garnet ( Er , Cr : YSGG ) laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin . Material s and methods . Forty single-rooted human maxillary incisors were filled and post spaces were prepared . After these procedures , the specimens were divided r and omly into four groups according to the dentin surface treatments , as follows : ( i ) untreated surface ( control ) , ( ii ) 1W Er , Cr : YSGG laser application , ( iii ) 2W Er , Cr : YSGG laser application and ( iv ) 3W Er , Cr : YSGG laser application . Then the posts were cemented into the root canals using dual-cured resin cement . Bonded specimens were cut into 1-mm-thick slices and push-out tests were performed using a universal testing device . All specimens were loaded until fracture and the failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 32 × magnification . Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy . Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA , Tukey and Wilcoxon tests . Results . The bond strength values ranged from 3.22–4.68 MPa . There were no statistically significant differences among the groups , regardless of the different levels . The coronal and middle levels of the post space had significantly higher bond strength values compared with the apical level ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusion . Er , Cr : YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities did not increase the bond strength of the fiber posts to the root canal dentin walls AIM To compare regional bond strength in different thirds of the root canal , among glass fiber-reinforced ( FRC ) endodontic posts luted with different cements , using the push-out test . MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically treated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer . The crown portion was removed , and a dowel space was prepared . Prepared teeth were r and omly assigned to one of six groups ( n = 10 ) for luting glass FRC Postec posts , with one of the six cement systems ( Ketac Cem Aplicap , Relyx Unicem Aplicap , Variolink II/Excite DCS , Panavia F/ED Primer , C&B cement/All-Bond 2 , and Multilink/Multilink Primer A/B ) , using an alignment technique . Specimens were embedded in resin , and each root was sectioned into six 1-mm thick serial slices . A push-out test was performed to measure regional bond strengths and to identify the type of failure . RESULTS The highest bond strength values were found in the cervical third and the lowest in the apical third . Highest values were obtained using Variolink II , Panavia F , and Multilink resin cements followed by C&B resin cement and Relyx Unicem ionomer resin cement ; Ketac-cem ionomer cement showed the lowest value . CONCLUSION Highest bond strength values were obtained in the cervical third and with resin cements This study examined the contribution of testing time on the interfacial strengths of  fiber posts to radicular dentin . Twenty-five fiber posts were luted to root segments  with resin cements and a zinc phosphate cement . Immediately upon setting of the material s , the roots were sectioned into slices and r and omly divided into two subgroups , depending on testing time ( immediate vs. 24-hours ) , for push-out test . The results showed an improvement on the interfacial strength after 24 hours of storage . When data were pooled for each cement , the interfacial strengths ( MPa ) were : Optibond Solo Plus/Nexus : 10.3+/-3.8a ; zinc phosphate cement : 10.1+/-2.7a ; Multilink : 9.6+/-3.8ab ; RelyX Unicem : 7.1+/-4.9bc ; AllBond 2/Duolink : 6.7+/-3.5c ( groups with same superscript letter were not statistically significant ) . It is concluded that bond strength can increase during the first 24 hours and that the interfacial strength is predominantly contributed by frictional retention This in vitro study evaluated the bond strength of adhesive restorative material s to sound and eroded dentin . Thirty-six bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground to obtain flat buccal dentin surfaces . Specimens were r and omly allocated in 2 groups : sound dentin ( immersion in artificial saliva ) and eroded dentin ( pH cycling model - 3 × / cola drink for 7 days ) . Specimens were then reassigned according to restorative material : glass ionomer cement ( KetacTM Molar Easy Mix ) , resin-modified glass ionomer cement ( VitremerTM ) or adhesive system with resin composite ( Adper Single Bond 2 + Filtek Z250 ) . Polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 0.76 mm were placed over the dentin and filled with the material . The microshear bond test was performed after 24 h of water storage at 37ºC. The failure mode was evaluated using a stereomicroscope ( 400 × ) . Bond strength data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey 's post hoc tests ( α = 0.05 ) . Eroded dentin showed bond strength values similar to those for sound dentin for all material s. The adhesive system showed the highest bond strength values , regardless of the substrate ( p < 0.0001 ) . For all groups , the adhesive/mixed failure prevailed . In conclusion , adhesive material s may be used in eroded dentin without jeopardizing the bonding quality . It is preferable to use an etch- and -rinse adhesive system because it shows the highest bond strength values compared with the glass ionomer cements tested PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of different glass-fiber post surface treatments on the bond strength to root dentin . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty bovine incisors were used in this study . After removing the crowns , the teeth were endodontically treated . The roots were r and omly divided into five groups according to post surface treatment . The groups were as follows : CO ( Control ) - no treatment ; G1 - RelyX Ceramic Primer ( silane ) only ; G2 - silane and Solobond M ; G3 - silane and Scotchbond Adhesive ; G4 - silane and Excite . For post cementation , RelyX Unicem was used according to the manufacturer 's recommendation and the roots were stored in a light-proof container with 100 % relative humidity for 24 h. The specimens were transversally sectioned . Subsequently , the cervical , middle , and apical regions of the root were positioned in a push-out device and tested at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine ( Instron ) . The data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey 's post-hoc test . The fractured specimens were then observed under a stereoscopic loupe at 60X magnification . RESULTS No significant difference in bond strength was found among the groups that received a silane or silane plus an adhesive system ( p > 0.05 ) . However , the CO ( no silane ) showed the lowest bond strength . Regarding G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 , the cervical region of the root canal attained better bond strengths than did the middle or apical regions . The most frequent failure mode occurred at the cement/dentin interface . CONCLUSION Silane application may be necessary to improve the adhesion of fiber posts luted with the self-adhesive resin cement evaluated here . The application of an adhesive layer between the fiber post and resin cement did not have any influence on the bond strength when the silane coupling was previously used The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the bond strength between fiber post and laser-treated root canals . Forty single-rooted bovine teeth were endodontically treated and r and omly divided into four groups of equal size according to the root canal treatment : group 1 conventional treatment ( without laser irradiation ) ; group 2 Nd : YAG laser ( 1.5 W , 10 Hz , 100 mJ ) ; group 3 Er , Cr : YSGG laser ( 0.75 W , 20 Hz ) ; and group 4 Nd : YAG + Er , Cr : YSGG lasers . The fiber posts were cemented with an adhesive system + resin cement , in accordance with the manufacturer ’s instructions . A mini acrylic pipe was fixed on the coronal section of the post using a light-polymerized resin . Specimens were mounted on an acrylic pipe with a self-polymerized resin . Retention forces were determined using a universal testing machine ( 0.5 mm/min ) . Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests ( p < 0.05 ) . The post retention force in group 2 was found to be lower than that in the other experimental groups . Fractures were observed at the interface between the dentin and the resin in all groups . High-intensity lasers can be used in conventional endodontic treatment ; however , root canal surface irradiation using the Nd : YAG laser was shown to negatively affect the post retention force STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Since the introduction of glass fiber posts , irreversible vertical root fractures have become a rare occurrence ; however , adhesive failure has become the primary failure mode . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts cemented with different luting agents on 3 segments of the root . MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty human maxillary canines with similar root lengths were r and omly divided into 8 groups ( n=10 ) according to the cement assessed ( Rely X luting , Luting and Lining , Ketac Cem , Rely X ARC , Biscem , Duo-link , Rely X U100 , and Variolink II ) . After st and ardized post space preparation , the root dentin was pretreated for dual-polymerizing resin cements and untreated for the other cements . The mixed luting cement paste was inserted into post spaces with a spiral file and applied to the post surface that was seated into the canal . After 7 days , the teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 1-mm-thick sections . The push-out test was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until extrusion of the post occurred . The results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA and the all pairwise multiple comparison procedures ( Tukey test ) ( α=.05 ) . RESULTS ANOVA showed that the type of interaction between cement and root location significantly influenced the push-out strength ( P<.05 ) . The highest push-out strength results with root location were obtained with Luting and Lining ( S3 ) ( 19.5 ±4.9 MPa ) , Ketac Cem ( S2 ) ( 18.6 ±5.5 MPa ) , and Luting and Lining ( S1 ) ( 18.0 ±7.6 MPa ) . The lowest mean values were recorded with Variolink II ( S1 ) ( 4.6 ±4.0 MPa ) , Variolink II ( S2 ) ( 1.6 ±1.5 MPa ) , and Rely X ARC ( S3 ) ( 0.9 ±1.1 MPa ) . CONCLUSIONS Self-adhesive cements and glass ionomer cements showed significantly higher values compared to dual-polymerizing resin cements . In all root segments , dual-polymerizing resin cements provided significantly lower bond strength . Significant differences among root segments were found only for Duo-link cement Abstract Objective . To compare push-out bond strength of fiber-posts luted with different adhesive approaches to root canal dentin . Material s and methods . Forty maxillary first incisors were decoronated and endodontically treated . Specimens were r and omly distributed into five groups ( n = 8) and fiber-posts ( DentinPost coated , Komet ) were inserted using five different luting material s : etch- and -rinse adhesive systems and corresponding core- and -post material in groups 1 ( DentinBond/DentinBuild , Komet ) and 2 ( XP Bond + SCA/Core-X flow , Densply ) , self-adhesive resin cements in groups 3 ( RelyX Unicem , 3 M Espe ) and 4 ( SmartCem 2 , Dentsply ) and a self-etch adhesive/resin cement in group 5 ( ED-Primer II/Panavia F 2.0 , Kuraray ) . The roots were sectioned into eight 1 mm thick serial slices and within 48 h push-out bond strength was investigated . Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametrical Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test for differences between experimental groups at p < 0.05 . The failure modes were analyzed using Chi square test . Results . The bond strength [ MPa ] ( mean/min – max ) for groups 3 ( 12.35/3.60–32.44 ) , 4 ( 13.52/4.48–30.69 ) and 2 ( 11.15/5.23–35.58 ) were significantly higher ( p < 0.001 ) compared to groups 1 ( 6.66/2.34–24.89 ) and 5 ( 7.41/0.28–34.18 ) . Adhesive failure between dentin and luting agent was the most frequent failure mode . Conclusions . Bond strength of fiber-posts adhesively luted to root canal dentin was significantly higher when self-adhesive resin cements were used . One ( group 2 ) of the tested core- and -post material s/etch- and -rinse adhesive achieved comparable bond strength values OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five intracanal irrigants on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with newer self-adhesive resin cement . METHODS A total of 60 extracted , single-rooted human premolars , sectioned at 14 mm , were prepared with the ProTaper Universal system with a size F3 instrument and filled with an F3 master cone and AH Plus . The root canal filling was partially removed , leaving 4 mm of apical gutta-percha . Specimens were r and omly assigned to five groups ( n=12 ) , according to the solution used for dentin surface treatment before fiber post cementation , as follows : EDTA 17 % ( EDTA ) ; QMix ( QM ) ; SmearClear ( SC ) ; 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) , and 0.9 % saline solution ( SS ) . Ultrasonic activation was performed ( three times , 20 seconds each ) , and root canals were dried with paper points . Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX U200 . In one specimen per group , rhodamine B dye was mixed with RelyX U200 to provide adequate fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy ( CLSM ) assessment . Specimens were transversally sectioned and three slices were obtained , one for each root third . Next , a push-out test was performed . A stereomicroscope and CLSM were used to analyze the failure modes and to illustrate the pattern of infiltration of RelyX U200 into dentinal tubules , respectively . Bond strength means were calculated , and analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis . RESULTS SS showed the highest mean bond strength values ( 11.5±5.3 ) , superior to QM ( 5.1±3.1 ) and SC ( 5.1±3.3 ) . NaOCl presented intermediary bond strength values ( 9.7±5.0 ) , similar to EDTA ( 7.7±2.9 ) and SS . QM and SC showed the lowest mean bond strength ( p<0.05 ) . Adhesive failures between cement/dentin were predominant ( 53.9 % ) . CONCLUSION SS and NaOCl associated with ultrasonic activation seem to be adequate solutions for root canal cleaning before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cement , whereas chelating solutions , such as EDTA , QM , and SC , cause a decrease in bond strength OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical long-term retention to dentin of seven adhesive systems . METHODS A total of 270 Class V restorations of four etch- and -rinse , one self-etch adhesive system and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement were placed in non-carious cervical lesions without intentional enamel involvement . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months and then every year during a 13-year follow-up . Dentin bonding efficiency was determined by the percentage of lost restorations . RESULTS During the 13 years , 215 restorations could be evaluated . The cumulative loss rate at 13 years was 53.0 % , with significant different failures rates for the different systems varying between 35.6 and 86.8 % . Four systems fulfilled the ADA 18-month full acceptance retention criteria . Two systems showed at 18 months and earlier high debonding rates . The annual failure rates for the etch- and -rinse systems were Optibond 3.1 % , Permagen 13.0 % , Scotchbond MP 4.8 % , Syntac classic 2.8 % ; for the self-etch system P&S 4.4 % ; and the resin-modified glass ionomer cement Vitremer 2.7 % . CONCLUSION It can be concluded that all systems showed a continuous degradation of the bond with a wide variation , which was independent of the adhesion strategy . Three bonding systems showed a cumulative failure rate after 13 years between 36 and 41 % with the best retention for the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a four-step etch- and -rinse system PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bonding-luting system in resin tag , adhesive lateral branch , and hybrid layer formation when used in combination with an experimental fiber post . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty anterior teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were selected for this study . They were endodontically treated and r and omly divided into three groups of 10 sample s each : group 1 = Excite light-cured bonding agent in combination with Variolink II resin cement ; group 2 = Excite dual-cured bonding agent self-activated by an experimental microbrush in combination with MultiLink resin cement ; and group 3 = one-step bonding system in combination with Dual Link resin cement . In groups 1 and 3 , the primer-adhesive solution was light cured before placing the resin cement and the post , whereas in group 2 the adhesive/luting material s were not light cured . Twenty FRC Postec translucent posts ( groups 1 and 2 ) and 10 EndoAesthetic translucent fiber posts ( group 3 ) were used . One week later , the root sample s were processed for scanning electron microscopic ( SEM ) observations . RESULTS Microscopic examinations of restored interfaces from group 2 revealed a resin-dentin interdiffusion zone higher than that seen in sample s from groups 1 and 3 ( P < .05 ) . At the apical and middle thirds , the sample s from group 2 showed significantly more resin tags than the other two groups . CONCLUSION The dual-cure self-activating system showed a more uniform resin tag and resin-dentin interdiffusion zone formation along root canal walls than light-curing systems Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination and haemostatic agents such as Ankaferd Blood Stopper ( ABS ) and hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) on the microtensile bond strength between dual cured resin cement-dentin interface . Material and Methods : Twelve pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics were luted to flat occlusal dentin surfaces with Panavia F under the following conditions : Control Group : no contamination , Group Blood : blood contamination , Group ABS : ABS contamination Group H2O2 : H2O2 contamination . The specimens were sectioned to the beams and microtensile testing was carried out . Failure modes were classified under stereomicroscope . Two specimens were r and omly selected from each group , and SEM analyses were performed . Results : There were significant differences in microtensile bond strengths ( µTBS ) between the control and blood-contaminated groups ( p<0.05 ) , whereas there were no significant differences found between the control and the other groups ( p>0.05 ) . Conclusions : Contamination by blood of dentin surface prior to bonding reduced the bond strength between resin cement and the dentin . Ankaferd Blood Stoper and H2O2 could be used safely as blood stopping agents during cementation of all-ceramics to dentin to prevent bond failure due to blood contamination AIM This study evaluated the effects of different root canal sealers on the bond strength of a fibreglass post cemented with self-adhesive resin cements . METHODOLOGY The root canals of 50 extracted maxillary single-rooted canine teeth were prepared with the crown-down technique and r and omly divided into five groups according to the sealer used : group 1 : control group , gutta-percha points only ( no sealer ) ; group 2 : AH Plus ( resin-based sealer ) ; group 3 : self-etch Epiphany ( resin-based sealer ) ; group 4 : Sealer 26 ( calcium hydroxide-based sealer ) ; and group 5 : Endomethasone ( zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer ) . The root canals were filled with gutta-percha , the cold lateral compaction technique , except for group 3 where Resilon was used . Post spaces were prepared , and fibreglass posts were cemented with the self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem . Bonded specimens were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slabs , and a push-out test was performed in a universal machine . Failure modes were observed and classified into five types : ( i ) adhesive between the post and resin cement ; ( ii ) mixed , with resin cement covering 0 - 50 % of the post diameter ; ( iii ) mixed , with resin cement covering 50 - 100 % of the post surface ; ( iv ) adhesive between resin cement and root canal ; and ( v ) cohesive in dentine . Data of bond strength were su bmi tted to anova and Tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) . RESULTS No significant difference was detected between control group , AH Plus , Epiphany and Sealer 26 ( P > 0.05 ) . The Endomethasone group had significantly lower bond strength values than the other sealers ( P < 0.05 ) . The prevalence of mixed fractures and adhesive cement-dentine failure was verified in the eugenol-containing sealer group ; in the control group , the resin-based and calcium hydroxide-based sealer groups , the predominant mode of failure was the mixed type . CONCLUSION Endomethasone interfered negatively with the bond to root dentine ; however , AH Plus , Epiphany and Sealer 26 did not interfere in the bond strength of a fibreglass post cemented with self-adhesive resin cements PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of light-curing access on the bond strength of fiber glass posts to the apical area of bovine roots using self-adhesive cement or dual-cured cement with an etch- and -rinse adhesive system . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The root canals of 60 bovine teeth were endodontically treated and filled . A 15-mm-length post space was prepared and roots were r and omly divided into three groups , simulating the levels of light-curing access : coronal ( C ) , with 15-mm post space ; middle ( M ) , in which the coronal thirds of roots were cut out , leaving a 10-mm post space ; and apical ( A ) , in which the coronal and middle thirds of roots were cut out , leaving a 5-mm post space . Fiber glass posts ( Reforpost # 3 , Angelus ) were cemented with RelyX U100 ( 3 M ESPE ) or RelyX ARC/Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus ( SBMP ) ( 3 M ESPE ) ( n=10 ) and light-cured . After 24 hours , the apical thirds of roots were sectioned perpendicularly to the long axis and su bmi tted to a push-out test ( 0.5 mm/min , 200 N ) . The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the three levels of light-curing access , and the Mann-Whitney test compared the cements . RESULTS The bond strength was significantly higher in the groups C ( p=0.028 ) and M ( p=0.016 ) when U100 was used , whereas it was similar for both cements in group A. The bond strengths of posts cemented with ARC/SBMP were significantly higher in group A compared to group C ( p=0.031 ) . CONCLUSIONS The type of cement used and the light-curing access level influenced the bond strength between glass fiber posts and root canals . The bond strength of the RelyX ARC/SBMP cement proved to be more dependent on photoactivation than was the RelyX U100 cement . The light-curing access level did not influence the apical bond strength of RelyX U100 Objective Considering that periodontal ligament simulation may influence the stress distribution over teeth restored with intraradicular retainers , this study aim ed to assess the combined effect of mechanical cycling and periodontal ligament simulation on both the bond strength between fiber posts and root dentin and the fracture resistance of teeth restored using glass fiber posts . Material and Methods Ninety roots were r and omly distributed into 3 groups ( n=10 )  ( C-MC : control ; P-MC : polyether ; AS-MC : addition silicone ) to test bond strength and 6 groups ( n=10 )  ( C : control ; P : polyether ; AS : addition silicone , without mechanical cycling , and C-MC , P-MC and AS-MC with mechanical cycling ) to test fracture strength , according to the material used to simulate the periodontal ligament . For the bond strength test , fiber posts were cemented , cores were built , mechanical cycling was applied ( 2 × 106 cycles , 88 N , 2.2 Hz , and 45º incline ) , and the teeth cut into 3 slices ( 2 mm ) , which were then subjected to the push-out test at 1 mm/min . For the fracture strength test , fiber posts were cemented , cores were built , and half of the groups received mechanical cycling , followed by the compressive strength ( 45 ° to the long axis and 1 mm/min ) performed on all groups . Results Periodontal ligament simulation did not affect the bond strength ( p=0.244 ) between post and dentin . Simulation of periodontal ligament ( p=0.153 ) and application of mechanical cycling ( p=0.97 ) did not affect fracture resistance . Conclusions The material s used to simulate the periodontal ligament did not affect fracture or bond strength , therefore periodontal ligament simulation using the tested material s could be considered optional in the conditions of the study Introduction : The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different pretreatments ( fiber post ) with the laser‐activated irrigation ( LAI ) technique ( for removal of the smear layer ) on root canal dentin in terms of push‐out bond strength ( PBS ) in a fiber post . Methods : Fifty freshly extracted m and ibular single‐rooted premolars were prepared , and LAI was applied to all roots ( 17 % EDTA was 5 mL for 120 seconds with an erbium , chromium : yttrium‐sc and ium‐gallium‐garnet laser [ 0.50 W , 20 Hz , 25 mJ ] ) . In addition , 50 quartz fiber posts were r and omly assigned to 5 groups ( n = 10 ) according to the surface treatments as follows : group S ( s and blasting ) , group N1 and group N2 ( neodymium : yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser irradiation [ 2 W , 200 mJ , 10 Hz , with pulse duration s of 180 or 320 microseconds ) , group HF ( 9.7 % hydrofluoric acid etched ) , and group C ( control with no treatment ) . Dual‐cure resin cement was adhered onto the fiber posts after they were covered with a silane agent , and then the posts were placed into the canal space using a Lentulo spiral . The PBS test was performed after all specimens were transversally sectioned ( root slices of 1‐mm thickness ) . Data were analyzed with 1‐way analysis of variance/Tukey post hoc test ( & agr ; = 0.05 ) . Results : The highest PBS value was observed in group S ( middle part ) , and the lowest value was observed in group C ( apical part ) . There were no statistical differences among the groups regardless of the part . Furthermore , when the PBS values of the different parts of dentin were compared within treated groups , significant differences were observed in all groups except group N2 ( P < .05 ) . Conclusions : Within the limitations of this study , it can be concluded that the LAI technique when used with 17 % EDTA had a significant effect on the amount of smear layer removed from the root canal dentin , which was also detected in the fracture pattern ( adhesive failure [ resin‐post interface ] ) . However , the various treatments of the fiber post did not improve the PBS of the root dentin . HighlightsIt is crucial to maximize the bond strength between the root dentin and resin and between the resin and fiber post for the success of post‐core restorations . EDTA + laser‐activated irrigation significantly reduces debris or smear layers from the root dentin wall . The mechanical treatments on the fiber post surfaces can not affect the push‐out bond strength ( PBS ) ; however , other additional parameters must be evaluated . Studies on the effects of different surface treatments on the fiber post and root dentin walls together with PBS could enrich the literature PURPOSE Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is one of the risks associated with orthodontic treatment . Glass ionomer cements have been shown to decrease enamel demineralization adjacent to brackets and b and s but do not exhibit bond strengths comparable to resin composites . The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare a fluoride-releasing resin composite versus a resin-modified glass ionomer cement for inhibition of enamel demineralization surrounding orthodontic brackets . METHODS Forty-five teeth were r and omly assigned to 3 groups of 15 teeth . Fifteen were bonded with Concise ( 3 M ) , a non-fluoride-releasing resin composite ( control ) ; 15 teeth were bonded with Light Bond ( Reliance ) , a fluoride-releasing resin composite ; and 15 teeth were bonded with Fuji Ortho LC ( GC Corporation ) , a resin-modified glass ionomer cement . The teeth were placed in an artificial caries solution to create lesions . Following sectioning of the teeth in a buccolingual direction , polarized light microscopy was utilized to evaluate enamel demineralization adjacent to the orthodontic bracket . The area of the lesion was measured 100 microns from the orthodontic bracket and bonding agent . RESULTS MANOVA ( P < .0001 ) and Duncan 's test ( P < .05 ) indicated the resin-modified glass ionomer cement ( Fuji Ortho LC ) and the fluoride-releasing resin composite ( Light Bond ) had significantly less adjacent enamel demineralization than the non-fluoride-releasing resin composite control . However , there was no significant difference between the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and the fluoride-releasing resin composite . CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this in vitro study , it can be concluded that Fuji Ortho LC and Light Bond exhibit significant inhibition of adjacent demineralization compared to the non-fluoride-releasing control AIMS To evaluate the effect of plunger diameter on the push-out bond strength of different root filling material s to root canal dentine . METHODOLOGY Freshly extracted human incisors ( n=90 ) were decoronated , and the root canals were enlarged with post drills . Prepared roots were placed into a custom alignment apparatus to embed the roots vertically within self-curing acrylic resin . The specimens were r and omly assigned into three groups according to the root filling system used : gutta-percha/AH Plus ; Resilon/Epiphany ; and fibre-reinforced composite (FRC)/Duolink resin cement . After filling , the specimens were further subdivided according to the diameter of the plunger used to employ the debonding force : 0.75 , 1 and 1.25 mm . Intra-radicular bond strength was measured using the push-out test at a cross-head speed of 1 mm min(-1 ) . The data were analysed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction at P = 0.05 . RESULTS Regardless of the plunger diameter , FRC yielded the highest bond strength , followed by gutta-percha and Resilon , respectively ( P<0.001 ) . In all groups , greater plunger diameter result ed in an apparent increased bond strength , but the differences were only significant in the FRC group , with the 1.25-mm plunger generating higher debonding values compared with that of its 0.75- and 1-mm versions ( P<0.001 ) . In the gutta-percha and Resilon groups , the majority of specimens had adhesive failures . Roots filled with FRC exhibited more cohesive failures than those of the other test groups . CONCLUSIONS Different plunger diameters are associated with significantly different intra-radicular push-out bond strengths of root filling systems This trial used push-out testing to evaluate four different fiber post cementation strategies .  Specimens of bovine m and ibular teeth were r and omly allocated into four groups according to cementation strategies ( n = 10 ) : ScotchBond Multi Purpose and RelyX ARC ( Group 1 ) ; AdheSE and Multilink Automix ( Group 2 ) ; phosphoric acid and RelyX U100 ( Group 3 ) ; and RelyX U100 ( Group 4 ) . Four slices from each specimen ( 2.0 mm thick ) were obtained for the push-out test . All slices were analyzed for failure mode after testing . A one-way ANOVA showed differences between the groups ( P = 0.002 ) . A Tukey test indicated that Group 1 had the highest bond strength values ( 13.96 ± 6.41 MPa ) . Groups 2 ( 6.58 ± 2.14 MPa ) , 3 ( 5.85 ± 2.57 MPa ) , and 4 ( 8.19 ± 2.28 MPa ) had similar bond strengths , but all of them were lower than Group 1 . A three-step total etching adhesive system , associated with a conventional resin cement , might be a good alternative for fiber post cementation The present study evaluated and compared the retentive strength of three luting cements .  A total of forty five freshly extracted human primary molars were used in this study . The teeth were prepared to receive stainless steel crowns . They were then r and omly divided into three groups , of fifteen teeth each , so as to receive the three different luting cements : conventional glass ionomer resin modified glass ionomer and adhesive resin . The teeth were then stored in artificial saliva for twenty four hours . The retentive strength of the crowns was determined by using a specially design ed Instron Universal Testing Machine ( Model 1011 ) . The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA to evaluate retentive strength for each cement and Tukey test for pair wise comparison . It was concluded that retentive strength of adhesive resin cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement was significantly higher than that of the conventional glass ionomer cement Indirect restorations need to be attached with adhesive luting agents to prevent them from becoming dislodged and provide adequate marginal sealing . The aim of this study was to evaluate bond strength to dentin of self-etching resin cements . MATERIAL S AND METHODS 75 flat dentin surfaces were r and omly distributed among 5 groups , according to cements used ; Group 1 : RelyxU100 ( 3M/ESPE ) , Group 2 : Bis Cem ( Bisco ) , Group 3 : Max Cem ( Kerr ) , Group 4 : SeT PP ( SDI ) and Group 5 : Relyx ARC ( 3M/ESPE ) , control . Ceramic test cylinders ( IPS Empress 2 / Ivoclar-Vivadent ) 4.1 mm across were prepared and attached to the dentin surfaces using the different cements . A constant 25N load was applied for 1 minute and they were light-polymerized . Following storage for 24 hours at 100 % humidity and 37 ° C , the specimens were tested for bond strength under shear strain in an Instron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute ; at 7 , 14 and 21 days . Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey 's test . There were significant differences between material s ( p < 0.0001 ) , but not between times or material /time interaction . RelyXARC ( Control Group ) had the highest bond strength ( 15.52 MPa ) . Among the self-etching cements , the best behavior was found for Relyx U100 ( 10.80MPa ) , followed by BisCem ( 6.36 MPa ) , MaxCem ( 5.45 MPa ) and SeTPP ( 3.17 MPa ) . The bond strength of the self-adhesive cements evaluated was lower than that for resin cements which require previous treatment of the dental substrate ( control group ) . This should be taken into account during clinical selection , in particular for tooth preparations with poor retention
Endodontic treatment , method of cement application , and post pretreatment are factors that might significantly affect the retention of glass-fiber posts  into root canals mainly when cemented with regular resin cement .
Self-adhesive resin cements were found to be less technique-sensitive to luting procedures as compared with regular resin cements
This study aim ed to identify factors that can affect the retention of glass fiber posts to intra-radicular dentin based on in vitro studies that compared the bond strength ( BS ) of GFPs cemented with resin cements .