Short-term treatment outcome of pulpotomies in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine: a randomized clinical trial Clinical Evaluation of Success of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(®), Laser and Biodentine(TM)- an In Vivo Study. Evaluation and comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine in primary tooth pulpotomy: Clinical and radiographic study Long-term evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate or formocresol. The Clinical and Radiographic Success of Primary Molar Pulpotomy Using Biodentine™ and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A 24-Month Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinical and radiographical evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate, biodentine and propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary teeth The evaluation of MTA and Biodentine as a pulpotomy materials for carious exposures in primary teeth Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol pulpotomy on vital primary teeth: a clinical and radiographic study. Clinical and radiographic comparison of biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol as pulpotomy agents in primary molars Mineral trioxide aggregate vs. formocresol in pulpotomized primary molars: a preliminary report. Pulpotomy in caries-exposed immature permanent molars using calcium-enriched mixture cement or mineral trioxide aggregate: a randomized clinical trial. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate vs. Calcium Hydroxide in Primary Molar Pulpotomy: A Systematic Review Calcium Hydroxide vs. Mineral Trioxide Aggregates for Partial Pulpotomy of Permanent Molars with Deep Caries The effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide and formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth. Treatment outcomes of pulpotomy in primary molars using two endodontic biomaterials. A 2-year randomised clinical trial. Efficacy of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars: a randomized control trial Randomized controlled trial of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth. A comparative evaluation of clinical and radiographic success rate of pulpotomy in primary molars using antioxidant mix and mineral trioxide aggregate: An in vivo 1-year follow-up study Comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol as pulp medicaments for pulpotomies in primary molars Pulpotomy of human primary molars with MTA and Portland cement: a randomised controlled trial Comparative evaluation of formocresol and mineral trioxide aggregate in pulpotomized primary molars--2 year follow up. Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Evaluation of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using MTA And Ferric Sulfate. Use of Vital Pulp Therapies in Primary Teeth with Deep Caries Lesions.
Introduction An ideal pulpotomy agent for primary molars has been sought for many years . Recently , new material s that allow regeneration of residual pulp tissue have been developed . In this study , we compared the preliminary clinical results obtained using Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp-dressing agents in pulpotomies of primary molars . Methods A r and omized clinical study was performed in children aged 4–9 years with at least one primary tooth with decay or caries requiring pulp treatment . A total of 90 primary molars requiring pulpotomy were r and omly allocated to the MTA or Biodentine group , and 84 pulpotomies were performed . Clinical and radiographic evaluations were undertaken 6 and 12 months after treatment . All teeth were restored with a reinforced zinc oxide – eugenol base and stainless steel crowns . Statistical analysis using Fisher ’s exact test was performed to determine the significant differences between the groups . Results A total of four clinical failures were observed ; all involved gingival inflammation . The clinical success rate in the MTA Group after 12 months was 92 % ( 36/39 ) , whereas the Biodentine Group obtained 97 % ( 38/39 ) ( p = 0.346 ) . All radiographic failures were observed at the 12-month follow-up evaluation . One molar from MTA Group showed internal resorption obtaining a radiographic success rate of 97 % ( 38/39 ) . Two molars from the Biodentine Group showed radiographic failure ( 1 internal resorption and 1 periradicular radiolucency ) obtaining a radiographic success rate of 95 % ( 37/39 ) . Conclusions Biodentine showed similar clinical results as MTA with comparable success rates when used for pulpotomies of primary molars . However , longer follow-up studies are required to confirm our findings . Clinical relevance This article demonstrates the effectiveness of Biodentine as a primary teeth pulpotomy material , performing similar results as MTA at 12-months evaluation INTRODUCTION Pulpotomy technique basically consists of removing the coronal pulp and fixing the radicular pulp with a medicament . It is the most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . AIM To evaluate the success and efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) , Lasers and Biodentine as pulpotomy agents both clinical ly and radiographically . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In the present study , 60 primary molars in children whose pulpal status warranted pulpotomy were selected and r and omly assigned into three groups that included MTA , Laser and Biodentine allocating 20 teeth to each group . The pulpotomy procedure was then performed on all selected teeth followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns . Later the patients were recalled for 3 months and 6 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation . RESULTS Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact test to determine pair wise comparison of three agents with respect to clinical and radiographic criteria . Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA , Mc Nemars test was applied to evaluate the efficacy of each agent between 3 months and 6 months . The results showed that maximum success rate was found in MTA group . However , the comparison between three groups was statistically not significant ( p<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Pulpotomies performed with either MTA , Laser or Biodentine are equally efficient with similar clinical /radiographic success and hence can be considered as alternatives to Formocresol Objectives : Pulpotomy is the common therapy for cariously exposed pulps in symptom-free primary molar teeth . For many years , research ers have search ed for an ideal material that allows regeneration of the residual pulp . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , Biodentine as a pulpotomy medicament in primary teeth , both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods : A total of 25 children ( 50 human primary molar teeth ) aged between 5 and 9 years were selected in this r and omized clinical study . The patients were r and omly assigned to receive the pulpotomy medicaments in either [ Group 1 ] : MTA or [ Group 2 ] : Biodentine . All pulpotomized teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns and evaluated clinical ly and radiologically at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months . Statistical analysis using Mann – Whitney U test and Fisher 's exact test , and chi-square test was performed to determine the significant differences between the groups . Results : Clinical and radiological success rates were 96 and 80 % in Group 1 and 96 and 60 % in Group 2 , respectively . There were no significant differences between the groups ( P > 0.05 ) . The radiographic success rates decreased in the controls , but there were no significant differences . Conclusion : Biodentine showed similar clinical and radiographic results as MTA in the 12-month evaluation and can be safely used as a pulpotomy medicament PURPOSE The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp dressing material following pulpotomy in primary molars with carious pulp exposure and compare them to those of formocresol ( FC ) . METHODS Of 33 children , primary molars treated via a conventional pulpotomy technique  were r and omly assigned to the MTA  group ( 33 teeth ) or FC  group ( 29 teeth ) . Clinical and radiographic follow-up ranged between 4 and 74 months . The mean follow-up time was 38 months , with no difference between the groups . Twenty-nine teeth were followed until uneventful shedding ( mean=33 months ) . Failures were detected after a mean period of 16 months ( range=4 to 30 ) . RESULTS The success rate of pulpotomy was 97 % for MTA ( 1 failure ) and 83 % for FC ( 5 failures ) . Eight teeth presented internal resorption . In 4 of them ( 2 of each group ) , progress of the resorption process stopped and the pulp tissue was replaced by a radioopaque calcified tissue . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 58 % of the MTA group and in 52 % of the FC group ( total=55 % ) . CONCLUSIONS MTA showed a higher ( though not statistically significant ) long-term clinical and radiographic success rate than formocresol , and can be recommended as its replacement as , unlike FC , MTA does not induce undesirable responses PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine ™ and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy in primary molars . METHODS Thirty-two four- to nine-year-olds were included in this study . The primary molars were r and omly assigned to the Biodentine ™ and MTA groups . After coronal pulp removal and hemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ™ or MTA . All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at six- , 12- , 18- and 24-month follow-ups . Data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests . RESULTS The 24-month follow-up evaluations revealed that the clinical success rates were 96.8 percent ( 30 out of 31 ) for both Biodentine ™ and MTA . The radiographic success rates at 24 months were 93.6 percent ( 29 out of 31 ) for Biodentine ™ and 87.1 percent ( 27 out of 31 ) for MTA . No significant differences were found among the groups at all follow-up appointments ( P>0.05 ) Conclusion : Biodentine ™ and mineral trioxide aggregate did not differ significantly in combined clinical and radiographic success after 24 months Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , Biodentine and Propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary dentition , both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods A total of 75 healthy 3 to 10 yr old children each having at least one carious primary molar tooth were selected . R and om assignment of the pulpotomy medicaments was done as follows : Group I , MTA ; Group II , Biodentine ; Group III , Propolis . All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated at 3 , 6 , and 9 mon clinical ly and radiographically , based on the scoring criteria system . Results The clinical success rates were found to be similar among the three groups at 3 and 6 mon where as a significant decrease in success rate was observed in Group III ( 84 % ) compared to both Group I ( 100 % ) and Group II ( 100 % ) at 9 mon . Radiographic success rates over a period of 9 mon in Groups I , II , and III were 92 , 80 , and 72 % , respectively . Conclusions Teeth treated with MTA and Biodentine showed more favorable clinical and radiographic success as compared to Propolis at 9 mon follow-up Objective This study examined the effects of MTA and Biodentine on the clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomies performed on primary teeth with carious pulp exposures . Material s and methods This study was conducted with 44 m and ibular primary molars requiring vital pulpotomy . Carious dentin surrounding the exposure site was used as the inclusion criteria for all teeth , which were r and omly divided into two groups according to pulpotomy material [ MTA group ( n = 24 ) , Biodentine group ( n = 20 ) ] . Treatment was followed up clinical ly and radiologically for 24 months . Pulp canal obliteration was not regarded as a failure . Results Clinical and radiographic success rates at the end of 24 months were 100 % for the MTA group and 89.4 % for the Biodentine group . Success rates did not vary significantly between the groups ( p = 0.646 ) . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in two teeth ( 8.3 % ) in the MTA group at 6 months , but the teeth were found to be stabilized by 24 months . Conclusion The long-term clinical and radiographic success rates obtained in this study indicate that both MTA and Biodentine are appropriate options for pulpotomy treatment of primary teeth with carious exposure in patients whose teeth should be retained for long periods of time . Clinical relevance The etiology of exposure determines pulpal response , making it crucial to distinguish between mechanical and carious exposures . The carious exposure is presumed to be accompanied by severe inflammation , which makes the prognosis of treatment unpredictable . Bio material s can be used especially in cases with carious pulp exposures BACKGROUND Pulpotomy is the common therapy for cariously exposed pulps in symptom-free primary molar teeth .  Formocresol ( FC ) is considered the gold st and ard dressing agent for pulpotomy , but concerns have been raised over the years about its safety . Other alternative pulpotomy agents have been investigated and suggested . OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic response of FC and white mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulpotomy material s on primary molars . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty primary molars , with deep carious lesion that exposed a vital but asymptomatic pulp , in 37 children aged 4 - 7 years were treated with conventional pulpotomy procedure .  The teeth were divided r and omly into two groups . Group I ( FC ) and group II ( MTA ) . The treated teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically and were followed-up for 12 months . RESULTS At the end of the 12 months follow-up , the clinical success rates for FC and MTA were 81 % and 100 % , respectively . There was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.04 ) between the clinical success rates of FC and MTA . While the radiographic success rates for FC and MTA were 81 % and 96 % , respectively , there was no statistically significant difference between the radiographic success of MTA and FC . CONCLUSION White MTA showed a higher clinical and radiographic success rate when compared to FC as a pulpotomy agent in vital primary molars , and it has a potential to become a replacement for FC in primary molars Aim To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars after 18 months . Methods The study was carried out with 51 primary molars of children aged 5–9 years old . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental or control groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , the remaining pulp tissue was covered with Biodentine ® or mineral trioxide aggregate in the experimental groups . In the control group , formocresol was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and after removal the pulp tissue was covered with zinc oxide – eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were immediately restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement , and later with pre-formed metal crowns . Follow-up assessment s were carried out after 3 , 6 , 12 and 18 months . Results Forty-five teeth were available for follow up at the end of 18 months . All of the available teeth for mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® were clinical ly successful , as were 73.3 % of the FC group . Radiographic success rate for the formocresol group at 18 months follow up was 73.3 , 100 % for mineral trioxide aggregate and 86.6 % for Biodentine ® group . Conclusion Mineral Trioxide aggregate and Biodentine ® showed more favourable results than formocresol PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomized primary molars with carious pulp exposure . METHODS Forty-five primary molars of 26 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) or FC ( control ) group by a toss of a coin . Following removal of the coronal pulp and hemostasis the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes and removed ; the pulp stumps were then covered by zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Eighteen children with 32 teeth arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation ranging from 6 to 30 months . RESULTS The follow-up evaluations revealed only one failure ( internal resorption detected at a 17 months postoperative evaluation ) in a molar treated with formocresol . None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in 9 of 32 ( 28 % ) evaluated molars . This finding was detected in 2 out of the 15 teeth treated with FC ( 13 % ) and in 7 out of the 17 treated with MTA ( 41 % ) . CONCLUSION MTA showed clinical and radiographic success as a dressing material following pulpotomy in primary teeth and seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in primary teeth OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy treatment using calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) in carious-exposed vital immature permanent first molars . DESIGN Fifty-one immature molars with clinical carious exposure with symptomatic/asymptomatic pulpitis met the inclusion criteria and r and omly assigned to one of the treatment groups ( CEM [ 26 teeth ; 59 roots ] , MTA [ 25 teeth ; 59 roots ] ) . After performing pulpotomy and covering the radicular pulps with the bio material s , all teeth were permanently restored . Blinded clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 6 and 12 months after operation for signs of success or failure . Radiographs were evaluated for complete/partial apical closure . The data were analysed using chi-square test and generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) model . RESULTS There was no significant difference at the baseline between the two experimental groups . All available cases ( 49 teeth ) showed pulp survival and signs of continuous root development after 12 months . Overall , complete apical closure ( apexogenesis ) occurred in 76.8 % and 73.8 % of radiographically interpreted roots in CEM cement and MTA groups , respectively . There was no statistical difference in terms of radiographic outcomes between two groups . CONCLUSIONS Calcium-enriched mixture cement and MTA showed similar performance in pulpotomy of immature caries-exposed permanent molars Introduction : The aim of this quantitative systematic review /meta- analysis was to compare the treatment outcomes of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and calcium hydroxide ( CH ) in pulpotomy of human primary molars . The focused PICO question was “ in case of pulp exposure in vital primary molars , how does MTA pulpotomy compare to CH in terms of clinical /radiographic success ? ” Methods and Material s : We retrieved published r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) of at least 6-month duration ; our search included articles published up to March 2013 in five following data bases : PubMed ( Medline ) , Cochrane data base of systematic review s , Science Citation Index , EMBASE , and Google Scholar . Mantel Haenszel and Inverse Variance-weighted methods were applied by STATA ; the relative risk ( RR ) was calculated with 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) . Results : A total of 282 English articles were collected . Two authors independently screened the articles and five RCTs were selected ; data extraction and quality assessment were then carried out . Four RCTs were appropriate for meta- analysis according to their follow-up times by Mantel Haenszel method . Statistically significant difference was found between success rate of MTA compared to CH , with RR=0.08 ( 95 % CI , 0.02 - 0.39 ) , RR=0.19 ( 95 % CI , 0.08 - 0.46 ) , and RR=0.38 ( 95 % CI , 0.21 - 0.68 ) for 6- , 12- , and 24-month follow-ups , respectively . A significant difference was also observed for all included RCTs after analyses using the Inverse Variance-weighted method ( RR=0.44 ; 95 % CI , 0.27 - 0.72 ) . Conclusions : Systematic review /meta- analysis of included RCTs revealed that for pulpotomy of vital primary molars , MTA has better treatment outcomes compared to CH Aim : To prospect ively compare the clinical success rate of partial pulpotomy treatment in permanent molars using calcium hydroxide ( CH ) and mineral trioxide aggregates ( MTA ) as pulp dressing agents . Methods : Restorable permanent first molars ( 64 ) with carious pulp exposures were r and omly assigned to two groups ; CH and MTA . A st and ardized operative procedure was followed in both groups . Following isolation and caries removal , the exposed superficial pulp tissue layers were removed with a sterile flame shape diamond bur to a depth of 2–4 mm . Bleeding was controlled and pulp dressed with either a paste of non- setting Ca(OH)2 followed by a setting layer of Ca(OH)2 , or with grey MTA . The dressing material s in both groups were then covered with a layer of light cured glass ionomer cement . The teeth were either restored using amalgam , or where grossly carious with preformed metal crowns . Patients were scheduled for follow-up at 3 , 6 , 12 months and annually thereafter . Results : There were 34 patients ( 17 males and 17 females ) with 51 teeth available for evaluation . The age of patients at the time of restoration ranged between 6.8 to 13.3 years ( mean of 10.3 ±1.8 years ) . The follow-up period ranged from 25.4 to 45.6 months with an average of 34.8 ± 4.4 months . There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of teeth treated with CH ( 91 % ) in comparison to teeth treated with MTA ( 93 % ) . Radiographically , a hard tissue barrier under CH was noticed in 12 ( 55 % ) teeth compared with 18 ( 64 % ) teeth under MTA ( p=0.4 ) . Conclusions : MTA has clinical success rate comparable to CH as a pulp dressing material for partial pulpotomy in permanent molars with carious AIM To compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , calcium hydroxide ( CH ) and formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in carious primary teeth . METHODOLOGY Forty-five primary m and ibular molars with dental caries in 23 children [ AUTHOR QUERY : How many children ? ] between 5 and 9 years old were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental ( CH or MTA ) or control ( FC ) groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , remaining pulp tissue was covered with MTA paste or CH powder in the experimental groups . In the control group , diluted FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and removed ; the pulp tissue was then covered with zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement .  Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 month follow-up . RESULTS Forty-three teeth were available for follow-up . In the FC and MTA groups , 100 % of the available teeth were clinical ly and radiographically successful at all follow-up appointments ; dentine bridge formation could be detected in 29 % of the teeth treated with MTA . In the CH group , 64 % of the teeth presented clinical and radiographic failures detected throughout the follow-up period , and internal resorption was a frequent radiographic finding . CONCLUSIONS Mineral trioxide aggregate was superior to CH and equally as effective as FC as a pulpotomy dressing in primary m and ibular molars . Internal resorption was the most common radiographic finding up to 24 month after pulpotomies performed with CH AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of calcium-enriched mixture ( CEM ) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) as pulp dressing bio material s in vital pulpotomy of carious primary molars . STUDY DESIGN split-mouth r and omised clinical trial . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty children aged 4 - 8 years with 2 carious teeth requiring pulpotomy were selected and r and omly assigned to MTA ( n = 40 ) or CEM ( n = 40 ) groups . After coronal pulp removal , the remaining radicular pulp was covered with an appropriate bio material ; the teeth were then permanently restored . Clinical /radiographic success/failures were blindly evaluated at 6- , 12- and 24-month follow-ups . STATISTICS the recorded data were analyzed with McNemar test and GEE . RESULTS A total of 36 , 33 and 35 patients were available for 6- , 12- and 24-month follow-ups , respectively . At the 12-month follow-up only one and three teeth in the CEM and MTA groups had pathologic external root resorption , respectively . The resorbed teeth were then missed due to extraction /exfoliation at the 24-month follow-up ; all other treated teeth were sign/symptom-free . Overall , clinical and radiographic outcomes in both MTA/CEM groups were comparable at the three follow-ups without significant differences . Time had no significant effect on the success . CONCLUSION MTA and CEM demonstrated favourable treatment outcomes for pulpotomy of carious primary molars ; CEM may be an effective pulp dressing bio material AIM To compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of Biodentine ™ , ProRoot ® White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( WMTA ) and Tempophore ™ as pulpotomy medicaments in the treatment of carious primary molars . METHODOLOGY A parallel- design , r and omized controlled trial was developed . Patients above 3 years of age with carious primary teeth with vital pulps without spontaneous pain or history of swelling were included . Fifty-eight patients ( 82 teeth ) with a mean age of 4.79 ± 1.23 years were included . The teeth were r and omized , blinded and allocated to one of the three groups ( Biodentine ™ , ProRoot ® WMTA or Tempophore ™ ) for pulpotomy treatment . All teeth were followed up clinical ly and radiographically ( after 6 , 12 and 18 months ) by two blinded calibrated investigators . A generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) , Wald chi-square test and an intention-to-treat analysis ( ITT ) with ' last carried forward ' approach were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences v 21.0 ( IBM Corp. , Armonk , NK , USA ) . RESULTS Forty-six patients and 69 teeth were available for follow-up after 18 months . Clinical success ( radiographic success in parenthesis ) was 95.24 % ( 94.4 % ) , 100 % ( 90.9 % ) and 95.65 % ( 82.4 % ) in the Biodentine ™ , ProRoot ® WMTA and Tempophore ™ groups , respectively , but the difference was not significant . Pulp canal obliteration was significantly different amongst the experimental groups as the Biodentine ™ group exhibited significantly more pulp canal obliteration when compared to the ProRoot ® WMTA group at 6 months ( P = 0.008 ) and 18 months ( P = 0.003 ) . CONCLUSIONS After 18-month follow-up , there was no significant difference between Biodentine ™ in comparison with ProRoot ® WMTA or Tempophore ™ AIM To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol ( FC ) or mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth . METHODOLOGY A maximum of 126 children ( aged 5 - 9 years ) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected . Following r and omization , a st and ard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken , and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested . In the FC group , cotton balls , soaked in FC , were placed for 5 min , and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin , a pulpotomy agent . In the MTA group , a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent . The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer .  The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinical ly and radiographically after 3 and 6 months . RESULTS No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group . There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up . However , at the 6-month follow-up , significantly more cases ( P = 0.036 ) with root resorption were seen in the FC group ; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases . The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases ; none was seen in the MTA cases . CONCLUSION After 6 months , pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease .  MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth Introduction : Pulpotomy technique is most widely accepted clinical procedure for treating primary teeth with coronal pulp inflammation caused by caries with no involvement of the radicular pulp . Aim and Objective : The aim of the study was to evaluate the success and efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and antioxidant mix as pulpotomy agents both clinical ly and radiographically . Material s and Methods : A total of forty primary molars in children aged between 6 and 9 years , requiring for pulpotomy procedures , were selected . R and om sample s distribution was done , antioxidant mix ( n = 20 ) and MTA ( n = 20 ) both were used as pulpotomy agent . Under rubber dam isolation , pulpotomy procedure was performed in all sample s followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns . Later , the patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic evaluation . The data were evaluated using Fisher 's exact test . Results : Statistically analysis shows no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) with respect to clinical and radiographic success rate , but antioxidant mix showed more efficient result than MTA . Conclusion : Antioxidant mix pulpotomy is more biocompatible and cost effective than any other commercially available medicament Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) to that of formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in pulpotomised primary molars . Methods In this clinical trial study , 60 lower second primary molars of 46 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the MTA ( experimental ) and FC ( control ) groups by r and om numbered table . Following removal of the coronal pulp and haemostasis , the pulp stumps were covered with an MTA paste in the experimental group . In the control group , FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp stumps . The teeth of both groups were restored with stainless steel crowns . Children arrived for clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluation after 6 , 12 and 24 months . Results The treated teeth in FC group ( n = 18 ) were clinical ly and radiographically successful after 24 months . The radiographic follow-up evaluation revealed one failure ( furcation involvement ) in 18 molars treated with MTA after 24 months . The treated teeth in MTA group were clinical ly successful 24 months postoperatively . Pulp canal obliteration was observed in one of the teeth treated with MTA and four of the teeth treated with FC . Conclusion MTA could be used as a safe medicament for pulpotomy in cariously exposed primary molars and could be a substitute for FC Objective This study compared the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and Portl and cement ( PC ) as pulp dressing agents in carious primary teeth . Methodology Thirty carious primary m and ibular molars of children aged 5 - 9 years old were r and omly assigned to MTA or PC groups , and treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were restored with resin modified glass ionomer cement .  Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 6 , 12 , 18 and 24-month follow-up . Results All pulpotomised teeth were clinical ly and radiographically successful at all follow-up appointments . Six out of 15 teeth in the PC group and five out of 14 teeth in the MTA group exfoliated throughout the follow-up period . No statistically significant difference regarding dentine bridge formation was found between both groups throughout the follow-up period . As far as pulp canal obliteration is concerned , a statistically significant difference was detected at 6-month follow-up ( p < 0.05 ) , since the beginning of mineralised material deposition could be radiographically detected in 100 % and 57.14 % of the teeth treated with PC and MTA , respectively . Conclusions PC may serve as an effective and less expensive MTA substitute in primary molar pulpotomies . Further studies and longer follow-up assessment s are needed AIM The aim of the present study was to clinical ly and radiographically evaluate Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) as an agent for pulpotomy in primary teeth and to compare it with that of Formocresol ( FC ) pulpotomy . METHOD Seventy first and second primary m and ibular molars of children were chosen on patients who required minimum two pulpotomies in either arch or same arch . After the st and ardized technique of Pulpotomy with MTA and Formocresol , all molars were treated with a thick mix of Zinc oxide Eugenol cement into the coronal pulp chamber followed by preformed stainless steel crown . The children were followed up for clinical and radio graphical examination after 6 , 12 and 24 month for Pain , Swelling , Sinus/fistula , Periapical changes , Furcation radiolucency and internal resorption . RESULTS MTA represents 97 % clinical success rate in comparison to Formocresol with 85 % success . Radiographically also MTA showed more promising results with 88.6 % success in comparison to Formocresol with 54.3 % . CONCLUSIONS Thus , MTA pulpotomy has emerged as an easier line of treatment to save the premature loss of primary teeth due to caries or trauma The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical , radiographic and histological outcomes of the dentin-pulp complex from primary molars after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and 15.5 % ferric sulfate ( FS ) . Thirty-one primary molars were r and omly allocated into MTA or FS groups . Clinical and radiographic evaluations were recorded at 3- , 6- , 12- and 18-month follow-up . Teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted and processed for histological analysis . Clinical and radiographic data were tested by statistical analysis ( p≤0.01 ) . Histological outcomes were analyzed descriptively . All of the treated teeth presented clinical success over the experimental periods . Both groups exhibited 100 % of radiographic success at 3 , 6 and 12 months . At the 18-month follow-up , one tooth from FS group presented inter-radicular radiolucency ( p>0.01 ) . Histologically , the treated teeth presented pulp vitality and absence of inflammatory infiltrate into the connective tissue . Only MTA group showed hard tissue barrier surrounded by odontoblasts over the pulp stumps . Both MTA and 15.5 % FS  are effective for pulpotomies of primary teeth . Although MTA is considered the first-choice material , FS may be a suitable alternative when treatment cost is an issue PURPOSE This manuscript presents evidence -based guidance on the use of vital pulp therapies for treatment of deep caries lesions in children . A guideline panel convened by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry formulated evidence -based recommendations on three vital pulp therapies : indirect pulp treatment ( IPT ; also known as indirect pulp cap ) , direct pulp cap ( DPC ) , and pulpotomy . METHODS The basis of the guideline 's recommendations was evidence from " Primary Tooth Vital Pulp Therapy : A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis . " ( Pediatr Dent 2017;15;39[1]:16 - 23 . ) A systematic search was conducted in PubMed ® / MEDLINE , Embase ® , Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials , and trial data bases to identify r and omized controlled trials and systematic review s addressing peripheral issues of vital pulp therapies such as patient preferences of treatment and impact of cost . Quality of the evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment , Development , and Evaluation approach ; the evidence -to-decision framework was used to formulate a recommendation . RESULTS The panel was unable to make a recommendation on superiority of any particular type of vital pulp therapy owing to lack of studies directly comparing these interventions . The panel recommends use of  mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) and formocresol in pulpotomy treatments ; these are recommendations based on moderate- quality evidence at 24 months . The panel made weak recommendations regarding choice of medicament in both IPT ( moderate- quality evidence [ 24 months ] , low quality evidence [ 48 months ] ) and DPC ( very-low quality evidence [ 24 months ] ) . Success of both treatments was independent of type of medicament used . The panel also recommends use of ferric sulfate  ( low- quality evidence ) , lasers ( low- quality evidence ) ,  sodium hypochlorite  ( very low- quality evidence ) , and  tricalcium silicate  ( very low- quality evidence ) in pulpotomies ; these are weak recommendations based on low- quality evidence . The panel recommended against the use of calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy medicament in primary teeth with deep caries lesions . Conclusions and practical implication s : The guideline intends to inform the clinical practice s with evidence -based recommendations on vital pulp therapies in primary teeth with deep caries lesions . These recommendations are based upon the best available evidence to- date
TSA indicated lack of firm evidence for the results of the meta‐analytic outcomes on clinical and radiographic success .
Conclusion BD and MTA have similar clinical and radiographic success rates based on limited and low‐ quality evidence .
Objectives Pulpotomy is the favored treatment for pulp exposure in carious primary teeth .
This review aim ed to compare the success rates of biodentine ( BD ) and mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomies  in primary molars using meta‐ analysis ( MA ) and trial sequential analysis ( TSA ) and also to assess the quality of the results by Grading of Recommendations , Assessment , Development and Evaluation ( GRADE ) .