Effect of a high-fiber diet vs a fiber-supplemented diet on C-reactive protein level. Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Health in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of DASH diet on insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes. Effects of a DASH-like diet containing lean beef on vascular health The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating plan affects C-reactive protein, coagulation abnormalities, and hepatic function tests among type 2 diabetic patients. DASH diet, insulin resistance, and serum hs-CRP in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study. Determinants and consequences of adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet in African-American and white adults with high blood pressure: results from the ENCORE trial. Does the DASH diet lower blood pressure by altering peripheral vascular function? The DASH diet and diet costs among ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Comprehensive Approach to Lower Blood Pressure (CALM-BP): a randomized controlled trial of a multifactorial lifestyle intervention Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet, Exercise, and Caloric Restriction on Neurocognition in Overweight Adults With High Blood Pressure Investigating the effect of DASH diet on blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes and prehypertension: Randomized clinical trial. DASH for asthma: a pilot study of the DASH diet in not-well-controlled adult asthma. Low-Sodium Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Reduces Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction DASH Diet Lowers Blood Pressure and Lipid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Obesity The effect of home-delivered Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) meals on the diets of older adults with cardiovascular disease. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet: applicability and acceptability to a UK population. Adherence to a DASH-style diet and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Alone and in Combination With Exercise and Caloric Restriction on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipids Effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) randomized clinical trial. Inflammation Modifies the Effects of a Reduced-Fat Low-Cholesterol Diet on Lipids: Results From the DASH-Sodium Trial
BACKGROUND Diets high in fiber are associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers . This study examined the reduction in inflammation from a diet supplemented with fiber compared with a diet naturally high in fiber . METHODS R and omized crossover intervention trial of 2 diets , a high-fiber ( 30-g/d ) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet or fiber-supplemented diet ( 30 g/d ) , after a baseline ( regular ) diet period of 3 weeks . There were 35 participants ( 18 lean normotensive and 17 obese hypertensive individuals ) aged 18 to 49 years . RESULTS The study included 28 women and 7 men ; 16 ( 46 % ) were black , the remainder white . The mean ( SD ) fiber intake on baseline diets was 11.9 ( 0.3 ) g/d ; on the high-fiber DASH diet , 27.7 ( 0.6 ) g/d ; and on the supplemented diet , 26.3 ( 0.4 ) g/d . Overall , the mean C-reactive protein ( CRP ) level changed from 4.4 to 3.8 mg/L ( -13.7 % ; P = .046 ) in the high-fiber DASH diet group and to 3.6 mg/L ( -18.1 % ) in the fiber-supplemented diet group ( P = .03 ) . However , CRP levels decreased in the 18 lean normotensive participants in either intervention diet group ( 2.0 mg/L [ baseline ] vs 1.4 mg/L [ high-fiber DASH ] vs 1.2 mg/L [ supplemented ] ) ; P<.05 ) but did not change significantly ( 7.1 mg/L [ baseline ] vs 6.2 mg/L [ high-fiber DASH ] vs 6.5 mg/L [ supplemented ] ; P>.05 ) in obese hypertensive participants . Neither age nor race influenced the response of CRP levels to the diets . No evidence of a crossover effect was detected . CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that fiber intake of about 30 g/d ) from a diet naturally rich in fiber or from a supplement can reduce levels of CRP . Further research is needed to more clearly eluci date the differential effect seen in lean vs obese individuals and whether modification of dietary fiber may be helpful in modulating inflammation and its consequent cardiovascular consequences While the role of diet and nutrition in cognitive health and prevention of dementia  in older adults has attracted much attention , the efficacy of different dietary patterns remains uncertain . Previous review s have mainly focused on the Mediterranean diet , but either omitted other dietary patterns , lacked more recent studies , were based on cross-sectional studies , or combined older and younger population s. We followed PRISMA guidelines , and examined the efficacy of current research from r and omized controlled trials and cohort studies on the effects of different dietary patterns . We review ed the Mediterranean diet , Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet , the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay ( MIND ) diet , Anti-inflammatory diet , Healthy diet recommended by guidelines via dietary index , or Prudent healthy diets generated via statistical approaches , and their impact on cognitive health among older adults . Of 38 studies , the Mediterranean diet was the most investigated with evidence supporting protection against cognitive decline among older adults . Evidence from other dietary patterns such as the MIND , DASH , Anti-inflammatory , and Prudent healthy diets was more limited but showed promising results , especially for those at risk of cardiovascular disease . Overall , this review found positive effects of dietary patterns including the Mediterranean , DASH , MIND , and Anti-inflammatory diets on cognitive health outcomes in older adults . These dietary patterns are plant-based , rich in poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids with lower consumption of processed foods . Better underst and ing of the underlying mechanisms and effectiveness is needed to develop comprehensive and practical dietary recommendations against age-related cognitive decline among older adult OBJECTIVE To our knowledge , no reports are available indicating the effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension ( DASH ) eating plan on insulin resistance , inflammation , and oxidative stress among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) . This study was design ed to investigate the effects of the DASH diet on insulin resistance , serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women with GDM . METHODS This r and omized controlled clinical trial was performed with 32 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24 to 28 wk gestation . Participants were r and omly assigned to consume either the control ( n = 16 ) or DASH diet ( n = 16 ) for 4 wk . The DASH diet was rich in fruits , vegetables , whole grains , and low-fat dairy products and was low in saturated fats , total fats , cholesterol , refined grains , and sweets , with a total of 2400 mg/d of sodium . The control diet contained 40 % to 55 % of its energy as carbohydrates , 10 % to 20 % as proteins , and 25 % to 30 % as total fats . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after 4 wk of intervention to measure fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , serum insulin , and hs-CRP , homeostasis model of assessment -insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , plasma total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , and total glutathione levels ( GSH ) . RESULTS Consumption of the DASH diet compared with the control diet result ed in decreased FPG ( -7.62 versus 3.68 mg/dL ; P = 0.02 ) , serum insulin levels ( -2.62 versus 4.32 μIU/mL , P = 0.03 ) , and HOMA-IR score ( -0.8 versus 1.1 ; P = 0.03 ) . Increased concentrations of plasma TAC ( 45.2 versus -159.2 mmol/L ; P < 0.0001 ) and GSH ( 108.1 versus -150.9 μmol/L ; P < 0.0001 ) also were seen in the DASH group compared with control group . We failed to find a significant difference in mean changes of serum hs-CRP levels between the two diets . Within-group comparisons revealed significant reductions in plasma TAC and GSH levels in the control diet , while a significant increase in these biomarkers in the DASH diet . CONCLUSION Consumption of the DASH diet in pregnant women with GDM had beneficial effects on FPG , serum insulin levels , HOMA-IR score , plasma TAC , and total GSH levels . The effects of this dietary pattern on pregnancy outcomes need to be investigated in future studies A DASH ( dietary approaches to stop hypertension ) dietary pattern rich in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products with increased dietary protein provided primarily from plant protein sources decreases blood pressure . No studies , however , have evaluated the effects of a DASH-like diet with increased dietary protein from lean beef on blood pressure and vascular health . The aim of this study was to study the effect of DASH-like diets that provided different amounts of protein from lean beef ( DASH 28 g beef per day ; beef in an optimal lean diet ( BOLD ) 113 g beef per day ; beef in an optimal lean diet plus additional protein ( BOLD+ ) 153 g beef per day ) on blood pressure , endothelial function and vascular reactivity versus a healthy American diet ( HAD ) . Using a r and omized , crossover study design , 36 normotensive participants ( systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , 116±3.6 mm Hg ) were fed four isocaloric diets , : HAD ( 33 % total fat , 12 % saturated fatty acids ( SFA ) , 17 % protein ( PRO ) , 20 g beef per day ) , DASH ( 27 % total fat , 6 % SFA , 18 % PRO , 28 g beef per day ) , BOLD ( 28 % total fat , 6 % SFA , 19 % PRO , 113 g beef per day ) and BOLD+ ( 28 % total fat , 6 % SFA , 27 % PRO , 153 g beef per day ) , for 5 weeks . SBP decreased ( P<0.05 ) in subjects on the BOLD+ diet ( 111.4±1.9 mm Hg ) versus HAD ( 115.7±1.9 ) . There were no significant effects of the DASH and BOLD diets on SBP . Augmentation index ( AI ) was significantly reduced in participants on the BOLD diet ( −4.1 % ) . There were no significant effects of the dietary treatments on diastolic blood pressure or endothelial function ( as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry ) . A moderate protein DASH-like diet including lean beef decreased SBP in normotensive individuals . The inclusion of lean beef in a heart healthy diet also reduced peripheral vascular constriction Few studies exist regarding the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet on novel cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients . We evaluated the effects of the DASH eating pattern on C-reactive protein ( CRP ) level , coagulation abnormalities , and hepatic function tests in type 2 diabetic patients . In this r and omized , crossover clinical trial , 31 type 2 diabetic patients consumed a control diet or the DASH diet  for 8 wk . The DASH diet was rich in fruits , vegetables , whole grains , and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat , total fat , cholesterol , refined grains , and sweets , with a total of 2400 mg/d sodium . The control diet was a st and ard diet for diabetic patients .  There was a 4-wk washout between the 2 trial phases . The main outcome measures were CRP level , coagulation indices , and hepatic function tests . The mean percent change for plasma CRP level was -26.9 ± 3.5 % after the DASH diet period and -5.1 ± 3.8 % after the control diet period ( P = 0.02 ) . Decreases in both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were greater after consuming the DASH diet compared with the control diet ( -14.8 ± 3.0 % vs -6.6 ± 3.4 % ; P = 0.001 ; -29.4 ± 3.7 % vs -5.9 ± 1.4 % ; P = 0.001 , respectively ) . The decrease in the plasma fibrinogen level during the DASH diet period ( -11.4 ± 3.6 % ) was greater than that during the control diet ( 0.5 ± 3.4 % ) ( P = 0.03 ) . Among diabetic patients , the DASH diet can play an important role in reducing inflammation , plasma levels of fibrinogen , and liver aminotransferases . Future longer term studies are recommended UNLABELLED This study was design ed to assess the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) eating plan on insulin resistance and serum hs-CRP in overweight and obese women with PCOS . This r and omized controlled clinical trial was done on 48 women diagnosed with PCOS . Subjects were r and omly assigned to consume either the control ( n=24 ) or the DASH eating pattern ( n=24 ) for 8 weeks . The DASH diet consisted of 52 % carbohydrates , 18 % proteins , and 30 % total fats . It was design ed to be rich in fruits , vegetables , whole grains , and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats , cholesterol , refined grains , and sweets . Sodium content of the DASH diet was design ed to be less than 2 400 mg/day . The control diet was also design ed to contain 52 % carbohydrates , 18 % protein , and 30 % total fat . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks intervention to measure -insulin resistance and serum hs-CRP levels . -Adherence to the DASH eating pattern , compared to the -control diet , result ed in a significant reduction of serum insulin levels ( -1.88 vs. 2.89 μIU/ml , p=0.03 ) , HOMA-IR score ( -0.45 vs. 0.80 ; p=0.01 ) , and serum hs-CRP levels ( -763.29 vs. 665.95 ng/ml , p=0.009 ) . Additionally , a significant reduction in waist ( -5.2 vs. -2.1 cm ; p=0.003 ) and hip circumference ( -5.9 vs. -1 cm ; p<0.0001 ) was also seen in the DASH group compared with the control group . In conclusion , consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 8 weeks in overweight and obese women with PCOS result ed in the improvement of insulin resistance , serum hs-CRP levels , and abdominal fat accumulation . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER www.i rct .ir : I RCT 201304235623N6 BACKGROUND Although the DASH ( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ) diet has been shown to lower blood pressure ( BP ) in short-term feeding studies , it has not been shown to lower BP among free-living individuals , nor has it been shown to alter cardiovascular biomarkers of risk . OBJECTIVE To compare the DASH diet alone or combined with a weight management program with usual diet controls among participants with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension ( systolic BP , 130 - 159 mm Hg ; or diastolic BP , 85 - 99 mm Hg ) . DESIGN AND SETTING R and omized , controlled trial in a tertiary care medical center with assessment s at baseline and 4 months . Enrollment began October 29 , 2003 , and ended July 28 , 2008 . PARTICIPANTS Overweight or obese , unmedicated out patients with high BP ( N = 144 ) . INTERVENTIONS Usual diet controls , DASH diet alone , and DASH diet plus weight management . OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure is BP measured in the clinic and by ambulatory BP monitoring . Secondary outcomes included pulse wave velocity , flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery , baroreflex sensitivity , and left ventricular mass . RESULTS Clinic-measured BP was reduced by 16.1/9.9 mm Hg ( DASH plus weight management ) ; 11.2/7.5 mm ( DASH alone ) ; and 3.4/3.8 mm ( usual diet controls ) ( P < .001 ) . A similar pattern was observed for ambulatory BP ( P < .05 ) . Greater improvement was noted for DASH plus weight management compared with DASH alone for pulse wave velocity , baroreflex sensitivity , and left ventricular mass ( all P < .05 ) . CONCLUSION For overweight or obese persons with above-normal BP , the addition of exercise and weight loss to the DASH diet result ed in even larger BP reductions , greater improvements in vascular and autonomic function , and reduced left ventricular mass . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT00571844 BACKGROUND Although the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet is an accepted nonpharmacologic treatment for hypertension , little is known about what patient characteristics affect dietary adherence and what level of adherence is needed to reduce blood pressure ( BP ) . OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine what factors predict dietary adherence and the extent to which dietary adherence is necessary to produce clinical ly meaningful BP reductions . DESIGN Ancillary study of the ENCORE ( Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Cardiovascular Health ) trial -- a 16-week r and omized clinical trial of diet and exercise . PARTICIPANTS / SETTING Participants included 144 sedentary , overweight , or obese adults ( body mass index 25 to 39.9 ) with high BP ( systolic 130 to 159 mm Hg and /or diastolic 85 to 99 mm Hg ) . INTERVENTION Patients were r and omized to one of three groups : DASH diet alone , DASH diet plus weight management , and Usual Diet Controls . MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Our primary outcomes were a composite index of adherence to the DASH diet and clinic BP . STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED General linear models were used to compare treatment groups on post-treatment adherence to the DASH diet . Linear regression was used to examine potential predictors of post-treatment DASH adherence . Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relation of adherence to the DASH diet and BP . RESULTS Participants in the DASH diet plus weight management ( 16.1 systolic BP [ SBP ] ; 95 % CI 13.0 to 19.2 mm Hg and 9.9 diastolic BP [ DBP ] ; 95 % CI 8.1 to 11.6 mm Hg ) and DASH diet alone ( 11.2 SBP ; 95 % CI 8.1 to 14.3 mm Hg and 7.5 DBP ; 95 % CI 5.8 to 9.3 mm Hg ) groups showed significant reductions in BP in comparison with Usual Diet Controls participants ( 3.4 SBP ; 95 % CI 0.4 to 6.4 mm Hg and DBP 3.8 ; 95 % CI 2.2 to 5.5 mm Hg ) . Greater post-treatment consumption of DASH foods was noted in both the DASH diet alone ( mean = 6.20 ; 95 % CI 5.83 to 6.57 ) and DASH diet plus weight management groups ( mean = 6.23 ; 95 % CI 5.88 to 6.59 ) compared with Usual Diet Controls ( mean = 3.66 ; 95 % CI 3.30 to 4.01 ; P<0.0001 ) , and greater adherence to the DASH diet was associated with larger reductions in clinic SBP and DBP ( P ≤ 0.01 ) . Only ethnicity predicted dietary adherence , with African Americans less adherent to the DASH diet compared with whites ( 4.68 ; 95 % CI 4.34 to 5.03 vs 5.83 ; 95 % CI 5.50 to 6.11 ; P<0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the DASH diet was associated with larger BP reductions independent of weight loss . African Americans were less likely to be adherent to the DASH dietary eating plan compared with whites , suggesting that culturally sensitive dietary strategies might be needed to improve adherence to the DASH diet We tested whether lowering of blood pressure ( BP ) on the dietary approaches to stop hypertension ( DASH ) diet was associated with changes in peripheral vascular function : endothelial function , assessed by flow-mediated vasodilatation ( FMD ) of the brachial artery , and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow ( ATBF ) . We also assessed effects on heart rate variability ( HRV ) as a measure of autonomic control of the heart . We allocated 27 men and women to DASH diet and control groups .  We measured FMD , ATBF and HRV on fasting and after ingestion of 75 g glucose , before and after 30 days on dietary intervention , aim ing for weight maintenance . The control group did not change their diet . The DASH-diet group complied with the diet as shown by significant reductions in systolic ( P<0.001 ) and diastolic ( P=0.005 ) BP , and in plasma C-reactive protein ( P<0.01 ) , LDL-cholesterol ( P<0.01 ) and apolipoprotein B ( P=0.001 ) , a novel finding . Body weight changed by < 1 kg . There were no changes in the control group . We found no changes in FMD , or in ATBF , in the DASH-diet group , although heart rate fell ( P<0.05 ) . Glucose and insulin concentrations did not change . In this small-scale study , the DASH diet lowered BP independently of peripheral mechanisms The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet is perhaps the best example of how a nutrient dense dietary pattern can prevent chronic disease . In r and omized trials , DASH dietary patterns lowered blood pressure  in hypertensive individuals.1 Subsequent trials and observational studies have consistently found that DASH-type diets reduced cardiovascular and metabolic Complementary medicine advocates the use of a multifactorial approach to address the varied aspects of hypertension . The aim of this study was to compare the blood pressure ( BP ) effect and medication use of a novel Comprehensive Approach to Lowering Measured Blood Pressure ( CALM-BP ) , based on complementary medicine principles , with the st and ard recommended Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) . A total of 113 patients treated with antihypertensive drugs were r and omly assigned to either CALM-BP treatment ( consisting of rice diet , walks , yoga , relaxation and stress management ) or to a DASH+exercise control group ( consisting of DASH and walks ) . Ambulatory 24-h and home BP were monitored over a 16-week programme , followed by 6 months of maintenance period . Medications were reduced if systolic BP dropped below 110 mm Hg accompanied by symptoms . In addition to BP reduction , medications were reduced because of symptomatic hypotension in 70.7 % of the CALM-BP group compared with 32.7 % in the DASH group , P<0.0001 . After 6 months , medication status was not altered in the majority of individuals . Significant reductions in body mass index , cholesterol and improved quality -of-life scores were observed only in the CALM-BP group . Lifestyle and diet modifications based on complementary medicine principles are highly effective with respect to BP control , medication use and cardiovascular risk factors BACKGROUND The effect of dietary composition on blood pressure is a subject of public health importance . We studied the effect of different levels of dietary sodium , in conjunction with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet , which is rich in vegetables , fruits , and low-fat dairy products , in persons with and in those without hypertension . METHODS A total of 412 participants were r and omly assigned to eat either a control diet typical of intake in the United States or the DASH diet . Within the assigned diet , participants ate foods with high , intermediate , and low levels of sodium for 30 consecutive days each , in r and om order . RESULTS Reducing the sodium intake from the high to the intermediate level reduced the systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mm Hg ( P<0.001 ) during the control diet and by 1.3 mm Hg ( P=0.03 ) during the DASH diet . Reducing the sodium intake from the intermediate to the low level caused additional reductions of 4.6 mm Hg during the control diet ( P<0.001 ) and 1.7 mm Hg during the DASH diet ( P<0.01 ) . The effects of sodium were observed in participants with and in those without hypertension , blacks and those of other races , and women and men . The DASH diet was associated with a significantly lower systolic blood pressure at each sodium level ; and the difference was greater with high sodium levels than with low ones . As compared with the control diet with a high sodium level , the DASH diet with a low sodium level led to a mean systolic blood pressure that was 7.1 mm Hg lower in participants without hypertension , and 11.5 mm Hg lower in participants with hypertension . CONCLUSIONS The reduction of sodium intake to levels below the current recommendation of 100 mmol per day and the DASH diet both lower blood pressure substantially , with greater effects in combination than singly . Long-term health benefits will depend on the ability of people to make long-lasting dietary changes and the increased availability of lower-sodium foods High blood pressure increases the risks of stroke , dementia , and neurocognitive dysfunction . Although aerobic exercise and dietary modifications have been shown to reduce blood pressure , no r and omized trials have examined the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary modification on neurocognitive functioning in individuals with high blood pressure ( ie , prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension ) . As part of a larger investigation , 124 participants with elevated blood pressure ( systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 85 to 99 mm Hg ) who were sedentary and overweight or obese ( body mass index : 25 to 40 kg/m2 ) were r and omized to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet alone , DASH combined with a behavioral weight management program including exercise and caloric restriction , or a usual diet control group . Participants completed a battery of neurocognitive tests of executive function-memory-learning and psychomotor speed at baseline and again after the 4-month intervention . Participants on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program exhibited greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning ( Cohen 's D=0.562 ; P=0.008 ) and psychomotor speed ( Cohen 's D=0.480 ; P=0.023 ) , and DASH diet alone participants exhibited better psychomotor speed ( Cohen 's D=0.440 ; P=0.036 ) compared with the usual diet control . Neurocognitive improvements appeared to be mediated by increased aerobic fitness and weight loss . Also , participants with greater intima-medial thickness and higher systolic blood pressure showed greater improvements in executive function-memory-learning in the group on the DASH diet combined with a behavioral weight management program . In conclusion , combining aerobic exercise with the DASH diet and caloric restriction improves neurocognitive function among sedentary and overweight/obese individuals with prehypertension and hypertension BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prehypertension in people with type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and lower extremity damages compared to people with normal blood pressure . On the other h and , limited studies have conducted to investigate the effect of DASH diet on blood pressure and prehypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes . Therefore , in this study , we aim ed to evaluate the effect of DASH diet on blood pressure and prehypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In this clinical trial , 80 patients with diabetes type 2 and prehypertension in the age range of 18 - 65 years were r and omly allocated to intervention ( n = 40 ) and control ( n = 40 ) groups for 12 weeks . The intervention group had DASH diet and the control group received diabetic diet in accordance with the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) with 24-h dietary recall ; systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before and after study . RESULTS Taking DASH diet and diabetic diet for 12 weeks caused significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the intervention group ( P value = 0.003 ) . Diastolic blood pressure showed no significant change in none of the two groups . CONCLUSION Following the DASH diet in patients with prehypertension has beneficial effects in improving systolic blood pressure and can be effective to prevent the development of hypertension . Hence , there are needs for long-term interventions with larger sample size in future studies This pilot study aims to provide effect size confidence intervals , clinical trial and intervention feasibility data , and procedural material s for a full-scale r and omized controlled trial that will determine the efficacy of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) as adjunct therapy to st and ard care for adults with uncontrolled asthma . The DASH diet encompasses foods ( e.g. , fresh fruit , vegetables , and nuts ) and antioxidant nutrients ( e.g. , vitamins A , C , E , and zinc ) with potential benefits for persons with asthma , but it is unknown whether the whole diet is beneficial . Participants ( n = 90 ) will be r and omized to receive usual care alone or combined with a DASH intervention  consisting of 8 group and 3 individual sessions during the first 3 months , followed by at least monthly phone consultations for another 3 months . Follow-up assessment s will occur at 3 and 6 months . The primary outcome measure is the 7-item Juniper Asthma Control Question naire , a vali date d composite measure of daytime and nocturnal symptoms , activity limitations , rescue medication use , and percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second . We will explore changes in inflammatory markers important to asthma pathophysiology ( e.g. , fractional exhaled nitric oxide ) and their potential to mediate the intervention effect on disease control . We will also conduct pre-specified subgroup analyses by genotype ( e.g. , polymorphisms on the glutathione S transferase gene ) and phenotype ( e.g. , atopy , obesity ) . By evaluating a dietary pattern approach to improving asthma control , this study could advance the evidence base for refining clinical guidelines and public health recommendations regarding the role of dietary modifications in asthma management Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ( HFPEF ) . In salt-sensitive HFPEF animal models , diets low in sodium and high in potassium , calcium , magnesium , and antioxidants attenuate oxidative stress and cardiovascular damage . We hypothesized that the sodium-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet ( DASH/SRD ) would have similar effects in human hypertensive HFPEF . Thirteen patients with treated hypertension and compensated HFPEF consumed the DASH/SRD for 21 days ( all food/most beverages provided ) . The DASH/SRD  reduced clinic systolic ( 155–138 mm Hg ; P=0.02 ) and diastolic blood pressure ( 79–72 mm Hg ; P=0.04 ) , 24-hour ambulatory systolic ( 130–123 mm Hg ; P=0.02 ) and diastolic blood pressure ( 67–62 mm Hg ; P=0.02 ) , and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( 12.4–11.0 m/s ; P=0.03 ) . Urinary F2-isoprostanes decreased by 31 % ( 209–144 pmol/mmol Cr ; P=0.02 ) despite increased urinary aldosterone excretion . The reduction in urinary F2-isoprostanes closely correlated with the reduction in urinary sodium excretion on the DASH/SRD . In this cohort of HFPEF patients with treated hypertension , the DASH/SRD  reduced systemic blood pressure , arterial stiffness , and oxidative stress . These findings are characteristic of salt-sensitive hypertension , a phenotype present in many HFPEF animal models and suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms linking these 2 conditions . Further dietary modification studies could provide insights into the development and progression of hypertensive HFPEF Abstract — Evidence suggests that obesity may raise blood pressure ( BP ) through oxidative stress – sensitive mechanisms and that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension combination diet ( DASH-CD ) may decrease BP by enhancing antioxidant capacity . To address this question , 12 obese patients with high-normal – to – stage 1 hypertension ( hypertensives ) and 12 lean normotensives were studied on their usual diets and after following the DASH-CD and a low-antioxidant diet in r and om sequence for 4 weeks each . Acute oxidative stress was induced by a 4-hour infusion of intralipid and heparin  . Ferric-reducing activity of plasma ( FRAP ) and plasma F2-isoprostanes were measured as biomarkers of antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress , respectively . BP was lower in obese hypertensives on the DASH-CD than on the usual and low-antioxidant diets ( −8.1±1.5/−7.4±1.6 mm Hg , P < 0.05 ) . BP did not change significantly in lean normotensives after 4 weeks on the DASH-CD but tended to rise on the low-antioxidant diet  . FRAP on usual diets was higher in lean subjects than in obese subjects . FRAP increased in obese but not lean volunteers on the DASH-CD compared with usual diet , and the group difference disappeared . F2-isoprostanes increased from baseline during intralipid and heparin in both groups on the low-antioxidant diet but not in obese hypertensives on the DASH-CD . Among free-living obese hypertensives , the DASH-CD  raises antioxidant capacity , lowers BP , and reduces oxidative stress induced by acute hyperlipidemia . The findings are consistent with evidence that elevated BP in obese subjects may reflect an imbalance between antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress that is improved by the DASH-CD BACKGROUND Many older adults with hyperlipidemia or hypertension participate in the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program , which serves meals in community setting s and delivers meals to homes . However , there is little information regarding whether therapeutic meals design ed around Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) principles have a beneficial effect on the diets of these older adults . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which dietary change is influenced by providing 7 home-delivered therapeutic meals weekly to adults aged > or = 60 y. DESIGN We conducted a 1-y r and omized controlled trial in 298 persons with hyperlipidemia or hypertension , in which 50 % of participants received 7 therapeutic meals per week for 12 mo . Those in need of dietary change at baseline ( n = 210 ) were examined . Changes in intermediate DASH accordance , DASH accordance , and the nutrients that make up the DASH diet were measured by using 24-h food recalls at baseline , 6 mo , and 12 mo . Chi-square tests , t tests , and multiple regression were used to examine the association between receipt of meals and dietary change over time . RESULTS Participants who received meals were 20 % ( P = 0.001 ) more likely to reach intermediate DASH accordance at 6 mo and were 18 % ( P = 0.007 ) more likely to meet saturated fat accordance at 12 mo than were those who did not receive meals . When stratified by race and income , gains were marginally larger for whites and higher-income individuals . CONCLUSION Delivery of 7 DASH meals per week was found to increase compliance with dietary recommendations among noncompliant older adults with cardiovascular disease BACKGROUND The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet is widely promoted in the USA for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure . It is high in fruit and vegetables , low-fat dairy and wholegrain foods and low in saturated fat and refined sugar . To our knowledge , the use of this dietary pattern has not been assessed in a free-living UK population . METHODS The DASH diet was adapted to fit UK food preferences and portion sizes . Fourteen healthy subjects followed the adapted DASH diet for 30 days in which they self-selected all food and beverages .  Dietary intake was assessed by 5-day food diaries completed before and towards the end of the study . Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of the study to assess compliance to the DASH style diet . RESULTS The DASH diet was easily adapted to fit with UK food preferences . Furthermore , it was well tolerated and accepted by subjects . When on the DASH style diet , subjects reported consuming significantly ( P < 0.01 ) more carbohydrate and protein and less total fat ( 5 % , 6 % and 9 % total energy , respectively ) . Sodium intakes decreased by 860 mg day(-1 ) ( P < 0.001 ) . Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) by 4.6 and 3.9 mmHg , respectively when on the DASH style diet . CONCLUSIONS The DASH style diet was well accepted and was associated with a decrease in blood pressure in normotensive individuals and should be considered when giving dietary advice to people with elevated blood pressure in the UK BACKGROUND The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet has been shown to lower blood pressure , but little is known about its long-term effect on cardiovascular end points . Our objective was to assess the association between a DASH-style diet adherence score and risk of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and stroke in women . METHODS In this prospect i ve cohort study , diet was assessed 7 times during 24 years of follow-up ( 1980 - 2004 ) with vali date d food frequency question naires . A DASH score based on 8 food and nutrient components ( fruits , vegetables , whole grains , nuts and legumes , low-fat dairy , red and processed meats , sweetened beverages , and sodium ) was calculated . Lifestyle and medical information was collected biennially with a question naire . The Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust for potential confounders . The study population comprised 88,517 female nurses aged 34 to 59 years without a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes in 1980 . The main outcome measures were the numbers of confirmed incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infa rct ion , CHD death , and stroke . RESULTS We documented 2129 cases of incident nonfatal myocardial infa rct ion , 976 CHD deaths , and 2317 [ corrected ] cases of stroke . After adjustment for age , smoking , and other cardiovascular risk factors , the relative risks of CHD across quintiles of the DASH score were 1.0 , 0.99 , 0.86 , 0.87 , and 0.76 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.67 - 0.85 ) ( P<.001 for trend ) . The magnitude of risk difference was similar for nonfatal myocardial infa rct ion and fatal CHD . The DASH score was also significantly associated with lower risk of stroke ( multivariate relative risks across quintiles of the DASH score were 1.0 , 0.92 , 0.91 , 0.89 , and 0.82 ) ( P=.002 for trend ) . Cross-sectional analysis in a subgroup of women with blood sample s showed that the DASH score was significantly associated with lower plasma levels of C-reactive protein ( P=.008 for trend ) and interleukin 6 ( P=.04 for trend ) . CONCLUSION Adherence to the DASH-style diet is associated with a lower risk of CHD and stroke among middle-aged women during 24 years of follow-up This study examined the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) diet on insulin sensitivity and lipids . In a r and omized control trial , 144 overweight ( body mass index : 25 to 40 ) men ( n=47 ) and women ( n=97 ) with high blood pressure ( 130 to 159/85 to 99 mm Hg ) were r and omly assigned to one of the following groups : ( 1 ) DASH diet alone ; ( 2 ) DASH diet with aerobic exercise and caloric restriction ; or ( 3 ) usual diet controls ( UC )  . Body composition , fitness , insulin sensitivity , and fasting lipids were measured before and after 4 months of treatment . Insulin sensitivity was estimated on the basis of glucose and insulin levels in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load . Participants in the DASH diet with aerobic exercise and caloric restriction condition lost weight ( −8.7 kg [ 95 % CI : −2.0 to −9.7 kg ] ) and exhibited a significant increase in aerobic capacity , whereas the DASH diet alone and UC participants maintained their weight ( −0.3 kg [ 95 % CI : −1.2 to 0.5 kg ] and + 0.9 kg [ 95 % CI : 0.0 to 1.7 kg ] , respectively ) and had no improvement in exercise capacity . DASH diet with aerobic exercise and caloric restriction demonstrated lower glucose levels after the oral glucose load , improved insulin sensitivity , and lower total cholesterol and triglycerides compared with both DASH diet alone and UC , as well as lower fasting glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with UC . DASH diet alone participants generally did not differ from UC in these measures . Combining the DASH diet with exercise and weight loss result ed in significant improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipids . Despite clinical ly significant reductions in blood pressure , the DASH diet alone , without caloric restriction or exercise , result ed in minimal improvements in insulin sensitivity or lipids OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure in subgroups . METHODS Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension ( DASH ) was a r and omized controlled feeding study conducted at 4 academic medical centers . Participants were 459 adults with untreated systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 80 to 95 mm Hg . For 3 weeks , participants were fed a " control " diet . They were then r and omized to 8 weeks of ( 1 ) control diet ; ( 2 ) a diet rich in fruits and vegetables ; or ( 3 ) a combination diet rich in fruits , vegetables , and low-fat dairy foods , and reduced in saturated fat , total fat , and cholesterol ( the DASH combination diet ) . Weight and salt intake were held constant . Change in diastolic blood pressure was the primary outcome variable , and systolic blood pressure a secondary outcome . Subgroups analyzed included race , sex , age , body mass index , years of education , income , physical activity , alcohol intake , and hypertension status . RESULTS The combination diet significantly lowered systolic blood pressure in all subgroups ( P<.008 ) , and significantly lowered diastolic blood pressure ( P<.01 ) in all but 2 subgroups . The fruits- and -vegetables diet also reduced blood pressure in the same subgroups , but to a lesser extent . The combination diet lowered systolic blood pressure significantly more in African Americans ( 6.8 mm Hg ) than in whites ( 3.0 mm Hg ) , and in hypertensive subjects ( 11.4 mm Hg ) than in nonhypertensive subjects ( 3.4 mm Hg ) ( P<.05 for both interactions ) . CONCLUSIONS The DASH combination diet , without sodium reduction or weight loss , significantly lowered blood pressure in virtually all subgroups examined , and was particularly effective in African Americans and those with hypertension . The DASH combination diet may be an effective strategy for preventing and treating hypertension in a broad cross section of the population , including segments of the population at highest risk for blood pressure-related cardiovascular disease Background —Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism . We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the cholesterol-lowering effect of a reduced-fat/low-cholesterol diet . Methods and Results —After a 2-week run-in period on a control diet ( 37 % total fat , 16 % saturated fat ) , 100 participants were r and omized to the control or DASH diet ( 27 % total fat , 6 % saturated fat ) for 12 weeks . Median C-reactive protein ( CRP ) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L ( interquartile range , 1.20 , 3.79 ) . The DASH diet , net of control , had no effect on CRP . Overall , there were significant net reductions in total ( −0.34 mmol/L ) , LDL ( −0.29 mmol/L ) , and HDL ( −0.12 mmol/L ) cholesterol from the DASH diet ( each , P < 0.001 ) and little change in triglycerides ( + 0.05 mmol/L , P = 0.21 ) . Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH diet . Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a “ low ” ( below median ) compared with a “ high ” ( above median ) baseline CRP ( total , −9.8 % versus −3 % ; P for interaction=0.006 ; LDL cholesterol , −11.8 % versus −3 % ; P for interaction=0.009 ) . Reductions in HDL cholesterol ( −8.8 % ) were similar in persons with low versus high CRP . Triglycerides were increased in those with a high CRP but not in those with a low CRP ( 19.8 % versus + 0 % ; P for interaction=0.019 ) . Conclusions —In this study , the presence of increased CRP was associated with less total and LDL cholesterol reduction and a greater increase in triglycerides from a reduced-fat/low-cholesterol diet . These findings document an additional mechanism by which inflammation might increase  cardiovascular disease risk
Adherence to DASH diet is effective in improving circulating serum inflammatory biomarkers in adults , compared with usual diet ; therefore , it could be a valuable strategy to suppress inflammation process
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary approaches to stop hypertension ( DASH ) diet is associated with improved blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases .
It is proposed that DASH might also improve systemic inflammatory markers like highly sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) ; however , interventional studies have led to conflicting results .
The aim of current systematic review was to summarize results of r and omized clinical trials examining the effect of DASH on inflammatory biomarkers .