Failure rate of brackets bonded with antimicrobial and fluoride-releasing, self-etching primer and the effect on prevention of enamel demineralization. An in vivo investigation into bond failure rates with a new self-etching primer system. An Investigation into the Use of a Single Component Self-etching Primer Adhesive System for Orthodontic Bonding: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Effect of saliva contamination on bracket failure with a self-etching primer: a prospective controlled clinical trial. Effect of self-etching primers on bond strength--are they reliable? Six and 12 months' evaluation of a self-etching primer versus two-stage etch and prime for orthodontic bonding: a randomized clinical trial. A comparative assessment of the failure rate of molar tubes bonded with a self-etching primer and conventional acid-etching. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing ‘One-Step’ and ‘Two-Step’ Orthodontic Bonding Systems Clinical bond failure rates of adhesive precoated self-ligating brackets using a self-etching primer. Effects of etchant concentration and duration on the retention of orthodontic brackets: an in vivo study. A randomised clinical trial to investigate bond failure rates using a self-etching primer. Effect of fluoridated paste on the failure rate of precoated brackets bonded with self-etching primer: a prospective split-mouth study. Eighteen-month bracket survival rate: conventional versus self-etch adhesive. Long-Term Clinical Evaluation of Bracket Failure with a Self-Etching Primer: A Randomized Controlled Trial Importance of pumice prophylaxis for bonding with self-etch primer. Shortening of primary dentin etching time and its implication on bond strength. Phosphoric acid-etching promotes bond strength and formation of acid-base resistant zone on enamel. A comparative in vivo assessment of the long-term failure rate of 2 self-etching primers. Six-month bracket failure rate evaluation of a self-etching primer. Primary dentin etching time, bond strength and ultra-structure characterization of dentin surfaces. Bond failure rates with a self-etching primer: a randomized controlled trial. Shear bond strength of precoated orthodontic brackets: an in vivo study Shear bond strength of a new fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesive.
INTRODUCTION Our aim in this r and omized clinical trial was to compare the failure rates of orthodontic brackets by using 2 self-etching primers ( SEPs ) ( Transbond Plus [ 3 M Unitek , Seefeld , Germany ] and Clearfil Protect Bond [ Kuraray Medical , Okayama , Japan ] ) with a split-mouth design . Additionally , the effect of Clearfil Protect Bond was investigated regarding inhibition of plaque accumulation and demineralization . METHODS A total of 480 brackets were bonded in 24 patients with the SEPs .  The observation period was 12 months . One week after bonding and at every third recall , the plaque index and a visual rating of the enamel adjacent to the bracket were assessed at the lateral incisors and the first premolars . Additionally ,  DIAGNOdent  ( KaVo , Biberach , Germany ) values were measured . RESULTS Over the investigation time , 26 failures were recorded . Five occurred with the brackets bonded with Transbond Plus , and the rest with Clearfil Protect Bond ( P = 0.002 ) . The additionally observed parameters had no significant differences . CONCLUSIONS The failure rate with Clearfil Protect Bond was significantly higher . For our patients , who had adequate oral hygiene , there was no benefit with regard to plaque accumulation and prevention of demineralization with Clearfil Protect Bond Self-etching primers have recently been introduced to simplify the orthodontic bonding process . The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of such a product with conventional 2-stage etching and priming with 37 % o-phosphoric acid and a conventional unfilled primer .  Twenty consecutive patients having orthodontic bonds placed were selected to participate in this cross-mouth control study . Diagonally opposite quadrants were r and omly allocated to either the self-etching primer group or the conventional etching and priming group . A total of 364 teeth were bonded with a light-cured diacrylate adhesive ; bond failures were then monitored over 6 months . There were 20 bond failures ( 10.99 % ) in the self-etching primer group and 9 bond failures ( 4.95 % ) in the conventional etch and priming group over this period . The results were analyzed with the McNemar test and 95 % confidence interval . The difference between the failure proportions was -0.06 with an associated 95 % confidence interval of -0.121 to 0.001 . This study produced weak evidence to suggest that bond failures with a self-etching primer will be higher than those with conventional etching and priming . This increased likelihood of bond failure must be weighed against the time advantage of the self-etching primer when used at the initial bonding appointment Objective This study assessed the in vivo bond failure of the single component orthodontic self-etching primer system , Ideal 1 ( GAC Orthodontic Products ) and compared it with the conventional acid etching using a conventional 37 % o-phosphoric acid , rinsing and drying regimen when bonding stainless steel orthodontic brackets to enamel . Design Prospect i ve r and omized , controlled clinical trial . Setting Orthodontic Department , Bristol Dental School . Material and methods Twenty consecutive patients undergoing upper and lower fixed orthodontic treatment entered this cross-mouth control study . Diagonally opposite quadrants were r and omly allocated to either the self-etching primer group or the conventional etching group . A total of 339 teeth were bonded with Ideal 1 light-cured adhesive . Bond failures and locus of bond failure were then recorded at 1 , 6 and 12 months . Results Significantly more bond failures occurred at each of the 3 time intervals , 1 , 6 and 12 months , where the enamel was pretreated with the Ideal I self-etching primer , than when the enamel was treated with the conventional etchant , 37 % o-phosphoric acid . With the latter the cumulative bond failure rates were 3.0 , 5.3 and 14.8 % , respectively . With the self-etching primer the cumulative failure rates were 29.4 , 56.5 and 72.4 % . Conclusion The study found that enamel pre-treatment with the Ideal 1 self-etching primer system prior to orthodontic bonding results in an unacceptably high bond failure rate when compared with conventional enamel acid etching INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effect of saliva contamination at different stages of the bonding procedure on the bond failure rate and the adhesive remaining on teeth after debonding brackets bonded with a hydrophilic self-etching primer ( Transbond Plus self-etching primer [ TSEP ] , 3 M Unitek , Monrovia , Calif ) . METHODS This was a prospect i ve controlled clinical trial . The sample consisted of 46 patients with similar treatment plans and mechanotherapies . Stainless steel brackets ( n = 531 ) were bonded with TSEP . The patients were divided into 2 groups : contamination with saliva before TSEP application and contamination with saliva after TSEP application . In both groups , saliva was applied in a split-mouth design . Diagonally opposite quadrants were allocated to either the contaminated group ( contamination before [ 153 teeth ] or after [ 115 teeth ] TSEP application ) or to the uncontaminated control group ( 263 teeth ) . Recording of failed brackets involved only first-time failures , and the observation period was a minimum of 6 months . RESULTS The chi-squared test showed no significant differences ( P = 0.11 ) in bracket failures between the groups . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis detected no significant differences in the survival rates between the 3 groups ( P = 0.51 ) . Most bond failures occurred during the first 3 months . In all 3 groups , the adhesive remaining on teeth after debonding tended to be less than half . CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that saliva contamination before or after application of self-etching primer does not increase the clinical risk of bond failure Currently introduced self-etching primers combine conditioning and priming agents into a single product . The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using three self-etching primers on the shear bond strength ( SBS ) of orthodontic brackets and on the bracket/adhesive failure mode . Brackets were bonded to extracted human teeth according to one of four protocol s. In the control group , teeth were etched with 37 % phosphoric acid . In the experimental groups , the enamel was conditioned with three different self-etching primers , Clearfil SE Bond ( CSE ) , Etch & Prime 3.0 ( EP3 ) , or Transbond Plus ( TBP ) , as suggested by the manufacturer . The brackets were then bonded with Transbond XT in all groups . The present in vitro findings indicate that conditioning with TBP before bonding orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface result ed in a significantly ( P < or = .001 ) higher SBS ( mean , 16.0 + /- 4.5 MPa ) than that found in CSE , EP3 , and the control ( acid-etched [ AE ] ) groups . CSE produced bond strength values ( mean 11.5 + /- 3.3 MPa ) that are statistically comparable to those produced by acid etching ( mean 13.1 + /- 3.1 MPa ) . The use of EP3 for enamel conditioning result ed in the lowest mean SBS value ( mean 9.9 + /- 4.0 MPa ) . A comparison of the adhesive remnant index scores indicated that there was more residual adhesive remaining on the teeth that were treated with conventional acid etching than in the CSE and EP3 groups . In the TBP group , the failure sites were similar to those of the AE group but different from those of the CSE group The aim of the study was to compare the mean clinical chair-side time required for bracket bonding and the mean bond failure rate at 6 and 12 months of stainless steel brackets with a micro-etched base bonded with a light-cured composite using a self-etching primer ( SEP ) or a two-stage etch and prime system .  Fifty-one subjects who required upper and /or lower pre-adjusted edgewise fixed appliances were recruited in a single centre r and omized clinical trial . The trial was a single-blind design , involving a within-patient comparison of the two bonding systems with each patient r and omly allocated the two bonding systems for each side of the mouth ( all teeth except molars ) . The two bonding techniques used were st and ardized throughout the trial and all bracket bonding was performed by a single operator . Bonding time was recorded using a digital timer . The bond failure rate of a strictly paired sample was recorded at 6 and 12 months for each patient . The mean bracket bonding time per patient with the SEP was significantly less than that with the two-stage bonding system ( mean difference 24.9 seconds ; 95 per cent confidence interval 22.1 - 27.7 seconds ; paired t-test P < 0.001 ) . The overall bond failure rates at 6 and 12 months with the SEP were 0.8 and 1.6 per cent , respectively , and for the two-stage etch and prime 1.1 and 3.1 per cent , respectively . At 6 months , the mean bond failure rate per patient with the SEP was 0.81 per cent and with the two-stage bonding system 0.96 per cent ( P = 0.87 ; Wilcoxon signed rank test ) . At 12 months , the mean bond failure rate with the SEP per patient was 1.54 per cent and with the two-stage bonding system 2.78 per cent ( P = 0.33 ; Wilcoxon signed rank test ) . The mean bracket bonding time with the SEP per patient was significantly shorter than that of the two-stage bonding system ( P < 0.001 ) . The difference between the overall bond failure rate and the mean bond failure rate per patient for the two bonding systems was not statistically nor clinical ly significant at 6 and 12 months ( P = 1.00 and P = 0.125 , respectively ; McNemar 's test ) OBJECTIVES Comparative assessment of the failure rate of molar tubes bonded to first and second molars with a self-etching primer and conventional acid-etching . MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hundred forty-four molar tubes ( 246 first molar tubes and 198 second molar tubes ) were bonded , using a split-mouth design , on 62 patients ( 23 male , 39 female ; mean age 13.7 years ) with the 3 M Transbond Plus self-etching primer combined with Transbond XT paste ; or with conventional acid-etching , Orthosolo primer , and Enlight adhesive paste .  First-time failures were recorded over a period of 15 months . RESULTS Bond failure per adhesive system , arch ( maxilla-m and ible ) , quadrant ( left , right ) and tooth ( first or second molar ) were studied . Statistical analysis using logistic regression modeling ( alpha = .05 ) showed that the overall failure rate for the first and second molar tubes was 11 % ( 8 % with self-etching primer and 13 % with conventional acid-etching ) . No significant difference was found between the 2 bonding methods . Tooth location and type showed statistically significant associations . M and ibular tubes showed a 3:1 probability for failure compared to maxillary tubes . Right-sided tubes demonstrated 3 times more failures when compared to left-sided tubes , and second molar tubes showed a 3-fold increase in failure . CONCLUSION Molar tube bonding with self-etching primer shows similar success rates to conventional acid-etching , whereas the m and ibular right second molar presents the highest failure incidence Objective The primary objective of this prospect i ve clinical trial was to assess the clinical bond failure rates of orthodontic brackets bonded using a self-etching primer ( SEP ) , compared with brackets bonded using a conventional acid-etched technique with control adhesive ( Transbond ™ ) . A secondary aim was to investigate whether characteristics of the operator , patient or tooth bonded had any influence on bracket failure . Design Single-centre r and omized controlled clinical trial . Thirty-four patients were bonded , each being r and omly assigned to either the test or control adhesive . Setting NHS Hospital Orthodontic Department , Chester , UK . Subjects Orthodontic patients requiring fixed appliance treatment . Main outcome measures Bond failure . Main outcome results Failure rates over the initial 6-month period were 2.0 % ( Transbond ™ ) and 1.7 % ( SEP ) with no statistically significant difference between the two groups . Over the duration of the fixed appliance treatment , bond failure rates increased , but remained acceptable at 7.4 % ( TB ) and 7.0 % ( SEP ) , respectively . When operator , patient and tooth characteristics were analysed , only the bracket location was found to be significant . Maxillary brackets were more likely to fail than m and ibular brackets ( RR 0.47 % ; 95 % CI 0.22 , 1.03 ) . The failure rate for brackets in our study was low when compared with previous studies . Conclusions Both the acid-etched control and self-etching primer in combination with adhesive pre-coated brackets were successful for clinical bonding . Their combined failure rate was lower than that reported in similar trials OBJECTIVE To comparatively assess the failure rate of adhesive precoated ( APC ) self-ligating metal brackets bonded with two different enamel surface preparation techniques : self-etching primer ( SEP ) and conventional two-step etch and primer method ( CM ) . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients with complete permanent dentition were included in this study . A total of 1140 APC self-ligating brackets ( 3 M Unitek , Monrovia , Calif ) were bonded using a split-mouth design . For each patient , SEP ( Transbond Plus SEP , 3 M Unitek ) and CM ( 37 % phosphoric acid ) were used in alternate quadrants . All brackets were bonded by the same investigator after pumicing and rinsing of all of the teeth . The number , site , and date of first-time bracket failures were monitored throughout orthodontic treatment ( mean , 22 months ) . The survival rates of the brackets were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests ( P < .05 ) . The adhesive remnant index was used to determine the bond failure interface . RESULTS The bond failure rates were 2.97 % and 2.18 % for the CM and SEP , respectively . No statistically significant difference in failure rates was found between the groups . The bond failure sites were predominantly at the enamel-adhesive interface in both groups . CONCLUSION This long-term in vivo study showed that the combined use of SEP and the APC bracket system can be used effectively for bonding brackets after pumicing the enamel surfaces in clinical orthodontics Etching of enamel before the bonding of orthodontic attachments is usually done with a solution of 37 % H3PO4 for 60 seconds . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of etchant concentration and duration on the clinical retention of bonded orthodontic attachments . Two r and omly selected groups of orthodontic patients participated in the study . In both groups , teeth in contralateral quadrants , excluding the molar teeth , were bonded . In the first group , 158 teeth were etched with a solution of 37 % H3PO4 for 60 seconds , and 155 teeth were etched with 37 % H3PO4 for 15 seconds . In the second group , 196 teeth were etched with 37 % H3PO4 and 196 teeth with 15 % H3PO4 , both for 60 seconds . Conventional edgewise mechanotherapy was used in both groups of patients . After 24 months of treatment , in the first group , 8 brackets were dislodged when etched with 37 % H3PO4 for 60 seconds and 9 when etched with 37 % H3PO4 for 15 seconds . In the second group , 6 brackets were dislodged when etched with 37 % H3PO4 for 60 seconds and 13 were dislodged when etched with 15 % H3PO4 for 60 seconds . Reducing the etching time of 37 % H3PO4 from 60 seconds to 15 seconds or reducing the acid concentration from 37 % to 15 % H3PO4 applied for 60 seconds had no significantly different effect on the retention of bonded orthodontic attachments . The results suggest that the reduction of etchant concentration and the duration of etching in orthodontic bonding should be considered This clinical trial evaluated , over a 12-month period , the performance of brackets bonded to teeth etched and primed with Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer ( SEP ) when compared with a conventional separate two-step etch and primer system .  Thirty-nine r and omly selected patients requiring fixed appliance therapy were entered into the study . R and om allocation of each etching system , along with a ' split-mouth cross-quadrant ' design was used . A total of 661 brackets were placed by two operators . The failure and survival rates of the brackets were determined for age and gender of the patients , each etching system , operator , mode of failure , tooth position in the dental arch , and number of manipulations prior to curing the adhesive . Statistical analysis showed that SEP had a significantly higher bond failure rate ( 11.2 per cent ) than the conventional etch and primer system ( 3.9 per cent ) at the P = 0.001 level . Cox 's proportional hazards regression showed the conventional etch and primer system to have a 60 per cent reduced chance of bracket failure over a 12-month observation period , while males had a 2.4 times increased risk compared with females . The predominant mode of failure was at the composite enamel interface for the SEP , while for the conventional etch and primer system , it was within the composite adhesive . No statistically significant differences were found for the failure rate with respect to the age of the patient , operator , tooth location , or the number of manipulations of the bracket . This in vivo study showed that brackets bonded using SEP had an increased clinical bond failure rate compared with the conventional , separate , etch and prime system INTRODUCTION The aim of this prospect i ve r and omized clinical trial was to determine the effect of using fluori date d paste ( Dentsply , York , Pa ) compared with plain pumice ( Ortho Technology , Tampa , Fla ) on the clinical bond failure rates of precoated brackets bonded with self-etching primer . METHODS A split-mouth technique was used . The teeth in the maxillary right and m and ibular left quadrants were prepared with a fluori date d paste only , and the teeth in the maxillary left and m and ibular right quadrants were prepared with plain pumice before bonding the precoated brackets . A total of 627 brackets in 34 orthodontic patients ( 20 female , 14 male ) were included in this study ; 315 brackets were bonded after pumice treatment , and 312 were bonded after paste treatment . The patients were followed for 6 months to determine the rates of bracket failure . RESULTS The overall failure rate was 8 % . The failure rates for pumice and paste were 4.8 % and 11.2 % , respectively . The McNemar test showed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups . Based on tooth type , the failure rate of the maxillary canine and the m and ibular central incisor brackets were significantly different for paste and pumice . There was also a difference in the survival rates of the brackets in both groups . CONCLUSIONS Preparation of the enamel surface with fluori date d paste before bonding with self-etching primer is not recommended . However , the use of plain pumice is recommended , even if it is time-consuming The aim of this study was to evaluate , over an 18-month period , the clinical performance of a self-etch adhesive [ Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer ( SEP ) , 3 M Unitek ] compared with a conventional adhesive that employs the etch- and -rinse approach ( Transbond XT , 3 M Unitek ) . One operator , using the straight-wire technique , bonded 567 metallic brackets to the teeth of 30 patients ( age range 12 - 18 years ) in a way that patients acted as self-control . The brackets were bonded following the manufacturers ' instructions except for the fact that the self-etch system was brushed for a longer time than recommended ( 10 - 15 seconds ) since previous investigations have reported that prolonged application times can improve the bonding efficacy of self-etch systems to enamel . The failure modes were visually classified into : adhesive-enamel , adhesive-bracket , and cohesive failure . The survival rates of the brackets were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test ( P < 0.05 ) . The failure rates of the self-etch and conventional adhesives were 15.6 and 17.6 per cent , respectively . No significant differences in the survival rate were observed between the material s ( P > 0.05 ) . Most of the failures were cohesive and at the adhesive-enamel interface . There was no difference in the fracture debonding mode . These findings indicate that Transbond Plus SEP can be safely used for orthodontic brackets since the survival rates are similar to the conventional Transbond XT Objective A long-term comparison of the failure rates of orthodontic brackets bonded with either a self-etching primer ( SEP ) or conventional etch and primer ( AE ) . Design Prospect i ve r and omized controlled clinical trial . Setting UK district general hospital with one operator , 2003–6 . Participants Hospital waiting list patients needing fixed appliances ( n=60 ) . Method  Experimental ( SEP ) group patients ( n=30 ) received pre-adjusted edgewise brackets ( n=438 ) bonded with Transbond Plus following manufacturer 's instructions .  Control ( AE ) group patients ( n=30 , brackets n=433 ) were bonded using a 15-second conventional etch and primer ( Transbond XT ) . In both groups brackets were light-cured for 20 seconds . First-time bond failures were recorded with the time of failure . Bracket bonding time was recorded . All patients were followed to the end or discontinuation of treatment . Results Bracket failure rates : SEP=4.8 % , AE=3.5 % , P=0.793 . Mean placement time per bracket ( seconds ) : SEP=75.5 ( ±6.7 ; 95 % CI=72.9 , 78.0 ) , AE=97.7 ( ±9.1 ; 95 % CI=94.3 , 101.2 ) P=0.000 . Conclusion There was no difference in the failure rates of brackets bonded with either Transbond Plus SEP or conventional AE using Transbond XT paste . Bonding with SEP was significantly faster than using conventional AE INTRODUCTION Self-etching primers ( SEP ) have simplified the orthodontic bonding process , but questions have arisen regarding their reliability and efficiency . The goal of this study was to assess the importance of a pumice prophylaxis before bonding in reducing bond failures . METHODS Thirty orthodontic patients volunteered to participate in this prospect i ve clinical trial . A split-mouth design was used ; in each patient , 1 quadrant was r and omly assigned to the pumice prophylaxis experimental group and the contralateral quadrant to the nonpumice group . A total of 508 teeth were bonded with SEP ( Transbond Plus ; 3 M Unitek , Monrovia , Calif ) and monitored for 3 months for bond failures . RESULTS Thirty-five failures ( 6.9 % ) were recorded , with 6 ( 2.4 % ) in the pumice group and 29 ( 11.4 % ) in the nonpumice group . Chi-square analysis was used to compare bond failures as a total number between groups and also as the number of patients who experienced bond failures with each method . Statistically significant differences were found both in the total number of bond failures ( P < .001 ) and in the number of patients with bond failures between groups ( P < .01 ) . A significantly lower and clinical ly acceptable bond failure rate was demonstrated with Transbond Plus SEP after pumice prophylaxis . CONCLUSIONS This study produced strong evidence suggesting the need for pumice prophylaxis when using SEP for orthodontic bonding OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shortening the etching time on the bond strength of a conventional and a self-etching primer adhesive system used in primary tooth dentin . METHODS Flat dentin surfaces were obtained from 24 primary molars , r and omly assigned to 4 experimental groups . The adhesive systems Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond were applied in two groups according to the manufacturers ' recommendations . In the other two groups , the adhesives were applied after half-time of acid etching , 7 s for Single Bond and 10 s for Clearfil SE Primer . Resin crowns were built up and after 24 h storage in water at 37 degrees C , the teeth were sectioned to produce beams with cross-sectional area of approximately 0.49 mm2 . Specimens were tested in tension at 0.5 mm/min until failure . Fractured specimens were analyzed to determine the failure mode . RESULTS Tensile bond strengths for Single Bond in primary dentin were higher than for Clearfil SE Bond . Shortening of acid etching time improved bond strength only for Single Bond , while no statistically significant difference was observed for Clearfil SE Bond when both etching times were compared . SIGNIFICANCE No detrimental effect on bond strength was observed when the time of acid etching was shortened in 50 % . Shortening the time for a procedure in a small child without compromising the quality of the work is a very important finding for the practicing pediatric dentist This study examined the effect of phosphoric acid ( PA ) etching on the bond strength and acid-base resistant zone ( ABRZ ) formation of a two-step self-etching adhesive ( SEA ) system to enamel . An etch- and -rinse adhesive ( EAR ) system Single Bond ( SB ) and a two-step SEA system Clearfil SE Bond ( SE ) were used . Human teeth were r and omly divided into four groups according to different adhesive treatments : 1 ) SB ; 2 ) SE ; 3 ) 35 % PA etching→SE primer→SE adhesive ( PA/SEp+a ) ; ( 4 ) 35 % PA etching→SE adhesive ( PA/SEa )  . Microshear bond strength to enamel was measured and then statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey honestly significant difference test . The failure mode was recorded and analyzed by χ ( 2 ) test . The etching pattern of the enamel surface was observed with scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) . The bonded interface was exposed to a demineralizing solution ( pH=4.5 ) for 4.5 hours and then 5 % sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonication for 30 minutes . After argon-ion etching , the interfacial ultrastructure was observed using SEM . The microshear bond strength to enamel of the SE group was significantly lower ( p<0.05 ) than that of the three PA-etched groups , although the latter three were not significantly different from one another . The ABRZ was detected in all the groups . In morphological observation , the ABRZ in the three PA-etched groups were obviously thicker compared with the SE group with an irregular wave-shaped edge INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to comparatively assess the failure rate of brackets bonded with 2 self-etching adhesives after 14 months of treatment . METHODS Twenty-two patients with complete permanent dentitions , and similar treatment plans and mechanotherapies , were selected for the study . Four hundred twenty-three brackets were bonded by using a split-mouth design , with Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer ( 3 M Unitek , Monrovia , Calif ) or One-Step Self-Etching Primer ( Reliance , Itasca , Ill ) . These self-etching primers were applied alternately so that they were equally distributed on the maxillary and m and ibular right and left quadrants . RESULTS Failure rates were recorded for 14 months and analyzed with the chi-square test at alpha = 0.05 level of significance . Overall total failure rates were 0.94 % , for Transbond Plus and 8.10 % for One-Step . Although significantly more failures were found for the m and ibular arch , no difference was identified in failure rate between anterior and posterior teeth . The results of this study suggest that care should be taken in ensuring the compatibility of retainers with adhesives The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of a self-etching primer ( SEP ) with a conventional two-step etch and primer [ conventional method ( CM ) ] . The chair time required for bonding was also evaluated . Thirty-seven patients ( 14 males and 23 females ) with a mean age of 16 years 5 months were included in the study . Six hundred and seventy-two brackets were bonded by one operator using a split-mouth design , with either SEP ( Transbond Plus ) or CM ( Transbond XT ) . Bracket failure rates were estimated with respect to bonding procedure , dental arch , type of tooth ( incisor , canine , and premolar ) , and gender . The results were evaluated using the chi-square test . The survival rate of the brackets was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis . Bracket survival distributions with respect to bonding procedure , dental arch , type of tooth , and patient gender were compared with a log-rank test . Bond failure interface was determined with the adhesive remnant index ( ARI ) . The failure rates were 0.6 per cent for both bonding procedures . The failure and survival rates did not show significant differences between the bonding procedures , upper and lower dental arches , or gender . However , premolar brackets displayed a higher bond failure rate and a lower survival rate than incisor and canine brackets ( P < 0.05 ) . The mean bracket bonding time per tooth with SEP was significantly shorter than with CM ( P < 0.001 ) . No significant difference was observed for the ARI scores ( P > 0.05 ) . The results of this in vivo , r and omized , cross-mouth clinical trial demonstrated a high survival rate with Transbond Plus . This finding indicates that  SEP  can be effectively used for bonding of orthodontic brackets OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of shortening the etching time on roughness , microhardness and bond strength of three adhesive systems to primary tooth dentin . METHODS Flat dentin surfaces from primary molars were r and omly assigned to six experimental groups . Three different adhesive systems were used : an etch- and -rinse adhesive ( Single Bond ) , a two-step self-etching ( Clearfil SE Bond ) , and a one-step self-etching ( One-Up Bond F ) adhesive . In half of the specimens , the recommended etching time was used , in the other half the etching time was 50 % reduced . After applying the adhesive , resin composite build-ups were constructed and stored in a humid environment for 24h at 37 degrees C. Specimens were sectioned into 1mm(2 ) beams and tested for microtensile bond strength ( MTBS ) . Debonded surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) . Additional surfaces were conditioned for microhardness measurements ( KHN ) and for atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) analysis . Intertubular and total surface roughness ( Ra ) were recorded . Results were analyzed with ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests ( P<0.05 ) . RESULTS Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond showed higher MTBS than One-Up Bond F. Bond strength and intertubular roughness increased when Single Bond and One-Up Bond F were used with a reduced etching time . For Clearfil SE Bond no differences in MTBS were detected when reducing the etching time . The application of phosphoric acid , Clearfil SE Bond primer and One-Up Bond F decreases dentin microhardness . CONCLUSIONS Shortening One-Up Bond F application time and reducing the etching time of phosphoric acid to one-half of the manufacturer 's recommended etching time when using Single Bond are recommended when bonding to primary dentin INTRODUCTION The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate over a 12-month period the performance of a self-etching system ( SEP ) ( Transbond Plus SEP , 3 M Unitek , Monrovia , Calif ) compared with a conventional multi-step system ( TBXT ) ( Transbond XT , 3 M Unitek ) . METHODS Twenty-eight r and omly selected patients were included in this study . They were r and omly assigned to either the TBXT or the SEP group . A total of 548 brackets were bonded according to the manufacturer 's instructions with Transbond XT adhesive paste ( 3 M Unitek ) . The survival rates of brackets were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier analysis . Bracket survival distributions for bonding procedure , tooth location , dental arch , and patient sex were compared with the log-rank test . RESULTS The failure rates of the TBXT and SEP groups were 4.78 % and 6.88 % , respectively . No significant differences in the survival rates were observed between the bonding procedures ( P = 0.311 ) . When tooth location , dental arch , and sex were analyzed , only tooth location was significant . Posterior brackets were more likely to fail than anterior brackets ( P = 0.013 ) . CONCLUSIONS Both systems had low bond failure rates and are adequate for orthodontic bonding needs Objective To evaluate the shear bond strength of precoated orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer relative to that of noncoated conventionally-bonded brackets at two different time intervals . Methods Twenty-one subjects were selected for r and omized split-mouth bonding of two types of brackets to the maxillary arch . Half of the teeth had precoated brackets bonded using self-etching adhesive , and the other half had regular brackets bonded using Transbond XT adhesive . Nitinol wires were tied to the upper arch and were left until the time of debonding . The patients were r and omly divided into two groups : one debonded after one hour and the other debonded two weeks after the initial wire placement . The shear bond strength was directly recorded from the patients ’ mouths using an in vivo debonding device . Results There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between the precoated and conventional groups or within each group at different time intervals . There were significant differences between anterior and posterior teeth in both the precoated and conventional groups . Conclusion Pre-coated brackets bonded with self-etching adhesive have the same bonding strength as the conventionally bonded brackets This study evaluated the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded to enamel with a new fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesive system . A total of 140 extracted human bicuspids were r and omly divided into four groups . Group I ( Transbond XT ) was a control group in which enamel was etched with phosphoric acid . For the remaining groups , enamel was conditioned with a self-etching primer ( SEP ) : Group II ( Transbond Plus ) , Group III ( BeautyOrtho Bond ) , and Group IV ( BeautyOrtho Bond + Salivatect ) . Stainless steel brackets were bonded to all tooth sample s. After which , the sample s were stored , thermocycled , tested , and statistically analyzed . Besides bond strength evaluation , the adhesive remnant index ( ARI ) was also evaluated . The shear bond strengths of Groups II , III , and IV were significantly lower than Group I , and Group II was significantly greater than that of Group III . Concerning ARI scores , no significant differences were found between the groups . Further , no enamel fracture was observed during shear bond test with the new SEP . In conclusion , when enamel was conditioned with the new SEP , the mean values of shear bond strength yielded were lower than when it was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid . Nonetheless , these mean values were higher than the average suggested by Reynolds as optimum for clinical treatment
There was insufficient evidence to assess the effect of bonding modality on demineralization rates .
CONCLUSIONS There is weak evidence indicating higher odds of failure with self-etch primer than acid etch over 12 months in orthodontic patients , and there is strong evidence that a self-etch primer is likely to result in a modest time savings ( 8 minutes for full bonding ) compared with acid etch
INTRODUCTION The use of self-etch primers has increased steadily because of their time savings and greater simplicity ; however , overall benefits and potential disadvantages and harms have not been assessed systematic ally .
In this study , we review ed r and omized controlled trials to assess the risk of attachment failure , bonding time , and demineralization adjacent to attachments between 1-stage ( self-etch ) and 2-stage ( acid etch ) bonding in orthodontic patients over a minimum follow-up period of 12 months .