Systemic Inflammatory Response After Open, Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Endometrial Cancer Patients. The effect of fatty or lean fish intake on inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with coronary heart disease Estrogen Levels in Nipple Aspirate Fluid and Serum during a Randomized Soy Trial Flaxseed oil does not affect inflammatory markers and lipid profile compared to olive oil, in young, healthy, normal weight adults. Changes in pain and insulin-like growth factor 1 in fibromyalgia during exercise: the involvement of cerebrospinal inflammatory factors and neuropeptides Angiopoietin‐2 is increased in severe sepsis: Correlation with inflammatory mediators Differential effects of polyphenols and alcohol of red wine on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines related to atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Effects of blackcurrant-based juice on atherosclerosis-related biomarkers in cultured macrophages and in human subjects after consumption of a high-energy meal. Serum markers associated with clinical improvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with golimumab Probiotic Soy Milk Consumption and Renal Function Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Effect of non-soy legume consumption on inflammation and serum adiponectin levels among first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes: a randomized, crossover study. Reduction of inflammatory biomarker response by abatacept in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H2 in healthy Chinese adults. Both serum receptors of tumor necrosis factor are influenced by mud pack treatment in osteoarthrotic patients. Multiplex Analysis of Serum Cytokines in Melanoma Patients Treated with Interferon-α2b Different effects of red wine and gin consumption on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis: a prospective randomized crossover trial. Effects of wine on inflammatory markers. Sleep Apnea Determines Soluble TNF-α Receptor 2 Response to Massive Weight Loss High-Resistant Starch, Low-Protein Flour Intervention on Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Trial. Plasma inflammatory and vascular homeostasis biomarkers increase during human pregnancy but are not affected by oily fish intake. Consumption of cranberry beverage improved endogenous antioxidant status and protected against bacteria adhesion in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial. Effects of pomegranate extract supplementation on inflammation in overweight and obese individuals: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
AIM To study inflammatory response and nutritional biomarkers in operated endometrial cancer ( EC ) patients . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total 109 consecutive EC patients undergoing open laparotomy ( LT ) , laparoscopic ( LS ) or robot-assisted surgery ( RS ) were studied . Twenty four patients served as controls . Pre- and postoperative levels of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers were analyzed prospect ively . RESULTS The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in RS compared to all other groups . C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) correlated with each other and exhibited positive correlation with age , body-mass index ( BMI ) , leukocyte count , platelet count , kynurenine , kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and urinary neopterin and a negative correlation with vitamin D and retinol . Hemoglobin , retinol , alpha-tocopherol , vitamin D and citrulline concentrations decreased and inflammatory biomarkers increased after surgery to a different extent in LT , LS , RS and control groups . CONCLUSION The present data demonstrate a differential response to surgical trauma in patients with endometrial carcinoma Background Little is known about the effect of fish consumption on gene expression of inflammation-related genes in immune cells in coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . Aim of the study We sought to evaluate the effect of a fatty fish ( FF ) or a lean fish ( LF ) diet on the modulation of inflammatory and endothelial function-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) of subjects with CHD , and its association with serum fatty acid ( FA ) profile and lipid metabolic compounds . Methods Data from 27 patients r and omized into an 8-week FF ( n = 10 ; mean ± SD : 4.3 ± 0.4 portions of fish per week ) , LF ( n = 11 ; 4.7 ± 1.1 portions of fish per week ) , or control diet ( n = 6 ; 0.6 ± 0.4 portions of fish per week ) were analyzed . The mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR . Results The effect of the intervention on the mRNA expression of the genes studied did not differ among groups . In the FF group , however , the decrease in arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ( AA : EPA ) ratio in cholesterol ester and phospholipid fractions strongly correlated with the change in IL1B mRNA levels ( rs = 0.60 , P = 0.06 and rs = 0.86 , P = 0.002 , respectively ) . In the LF group , the decrease in palmitic acid and total saturated FAs in cholesterol esters correlated with the change in intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM1 ) expression ( rs = 0.64 , P = 0.04 for both ) . Circulating levels of soluble ICAM-1 decreased only in the LF group ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions The intake of FF or LF diet did not alter the expression of inflammatory and endothelial function-related genes in P BMC s of patients with CHD . However , the decrease in AA : EPA ratio in serum lipids in the FF group may induce an anti-inflammatory response at mRNA levels in P BMC s. A LF diet might benefit endothelial function , possibly mediated by the changes in serum FA composition Background : On the basis of hypothesized protective effect , we examined the effect of soy foods on estrogens in nipple aspirate fluid ( NAF ) and serum , possible indicators of breast cancer risk . Methods : In a crossover design , we r and omized 96 women who produced 10 μL or more NAF to a high- or low-soy diet for 6 months . During the high-soy diet , participants consumed 2 soy servings of soy milk , tofu , or soy nuts ( ∼50 mg of isoflavones per day ) ; during the low-soy diet , they maintained their usual diet . Six NAF sample s were obtained using a FirstCyte aspirator . Estradiol ( E2 ) and estrone sulfate ( E1S ) were assessed in NAF and estrone ( E1 ) in serum only , using highly sensitive radioimmunoassays . Mixed-effects regression models accounting for repeated measures and left-censoring limits were applied . Results : Mean E2 and E1S were lower during the high-soy than the low-soy diet ( 113 vs. 313 pg/mL and 46 vs. 68 ng/mL , respectively ) without reaching significance ( P = 0.07 ) ; the interaction between group and diet was not significant . There was no effect of the soy treatment on serum levels of E2 ( P = 0.76 ) , E1 ( P = 0.86 ) , or E1S ( P = 0.56 ) . Within individuals , NAF and serum levels of E2 ( rs = 0.37 ; P < 0.001 ) but not of E1S ( rs = 0.004 ; P = 0.97 ) were correlated . E2 and E1S in NAF and serum were strongly associated ( rs = 0.78 and rs = 0.48 ; P < 0.001 ) . Conclusion : Soy foods in amounts consumed by Asians did not significantly modify estrogen levels in NAF and serum . Impact : The trend toward lower estrogen levels in NAF during the high-soy diet counters concerns about adverse effects of soy foods on breast cancer risk . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 20(9 ) ; 1815–21 . © 2011 AACR OBJECTIVE Olive oil ( OO ) is a rich source of monounsaturated fat and bioactive components that exert strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties . Flaxseed oil ( FO ) is rich in α-linolenic n-3 fatty acid ( ALA ) , which also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects . This r and omized , cross-over study aim ed at exploring whether diet 's enrichment with FO could beneficially alter inflammatory markers and lipid profile , compared to OO , in a sample of normal weight , apparently healthy young adults . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Participants were supplied with 15 mL/day of either FO or OO . Each intervention and the wash-out period lasted 6 weeks . Dietary , anthropometric and physical activity variables were recorded at the beginning and the end of each intervention . Serum biochemical and inflammatory markers were measured . Compliance to the intervention was evaluated by fatty acid analysis in erythrocytes . Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to assess the effect of the treatment . RESULTS Thirty seven participants completed the study . No difference between the two interventions was observed in adiponectin , TNF-α , high sensitivity-CRP or glucose levels and lipid profile . At the end of the FO period , participants exhibited significant reductions in total ( -5.0 % ) and LDL-cholesterol ( -6.7 % ) levels ( all P<0.01 ) . During the FO and the OO period serum adiponectin changes were significantly correlated with changes in erythrocyte % ALA ( rs=0.34 , P=0.007 ) and in erythrocyte % EPA ( r(s)=0.47 , P=0.01 ) , respectively . CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of FO did not confer any benefit in inflammatory or biochemical markers in normal weight young adults , who traditionally use olive oil as the main edible oil Abstract Introduction Fibromyalgia ( FM ) is characterized by chronic pain . Impaired growth hormone responses and reduced serum insulin-like growth factor 1 ( IGF-1 ) are common in FM . The aim was to examine changes in serum IGF-1 , cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) , neuropeptides , and cytokines during aerobic exercise in FM patients . Methods In total , 49 patients ( median age , 52 years ) with FM were included in the study . They were r and omized to either the  moderate- to high-intensity Nordic Walking ( NW ) program  ( n = 26 ) or the  supervised low-intensity walking ( LIW ) program  ( n = 23 ) . Patients participated in blood tests before and after 15 weeks of aerobic exercise .  Changes in serum levels of free IGF-1 , pain rating on a 0- to 100-mm scale , pain threshold , and 6-minute walk test ( 6MWT ) were examined . CSF , neuropeptides , matrix metalloproteinase 3 ( MMP-3 ) , and inflammatory cytokines were determined . Nonparametric tests were used for group comparisons and correlation analyses . Results Serum free IGF-1 levels did not change during 15 weeks of exercise between the two groups , although the 6MWT significantly improved in the NW group ( p = 0.033 ) when compared with LIW . Pain did not significantly change in any of the groups , but tended to decrease ( p = 0.052 ) over time in the total group . A tendency toward a correlation was noted between baseline IGF-1 and a decrease of pain in response to exercise ( r = 0.278 ; p = 0.059 ) . When adjusted for age , this tendency disappeared . The change in serum free IGF-1 correlated positively with an alteration in CSF substance P ( SP ) levels ( rs= 0.495 ; p = 0.072 ) , neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) ( rs = 0.802 ; p = 0.001 ) , and pain threshold ( rs = 0.276 ; p = 0.058 ) . Differing CSF SP levels correlated positively to a change in pain threshold ( rs= 0.600 ; p = 0.023 ) , whereas the shift in CSF MMP-3 inversely correlated with an altered pain threshold ( rs= -0.569 ; p = 0.034 ) . Conclusions The baseline level of serum free IGF-1 did not change during high or low intensity of aerobic exercise . Changes in IGF-1 correlated positively with a variation in CSF SP , NPY , and pain threshold . These data indicate a beneficial role of IGF-1 during exercise in FM.Trial registration : Clinical Trials.gov NCT00643006 Objective : Angiopoietin (Ang)‐2 is an endothelium‐specific growth factor , regulated by proinflammatory stimuli , that destabilizes vascular endothelium and increases vascular leakage ; consequently , Ang‐2 may contribute to sepsis pathophysiology . We have studied 1 ) serum Ang‐2 levels in critically‐ill patients and investigated potential relationships with inflammatory mediators and indices of disease severity and 2 ) the effect of sepsis‐related inflammatory mediators on Ang‐2 production by lung endothelium in vitro . Design : Prospect i ve clinical study followed by cell culture studies . Setting : General intensive care unit and research laboratory of a university hospital . Subjects : Human and bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells and 61 patients ( 32 men ) . Patients were grouped according to their septic stage as having : no systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( n = 6 ) , systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( n = 8) , sepsis ( n = 16 ) , severe sepsis ( n = 18 ) , and septic shock ( n = 13 ) . Interventions : Cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide , tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; , and interleukin‐6 . Measurements and Main Results : Patients ’ serum Ang‐2 levels were significantly increased in severe sepsis as compared with patients with no systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis ( p < .05 by analysis of variance ) . Positive linear relationships were observed with : serum tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; ( rs = 0.654 , p < .001 ) , serum interleukin‐6 ( rs = 0.464 , p < .001 ) , Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score ( rs = 0.387 , p < .001 ) , and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ( rs = 0.428 , p < .001 ) . Multiple regression analysis revealed that serum Ang‐2 is mostly related to serum tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; and severe sepsis . Treatment of human lung microvascular endothelial cells with all mediators result ed in a concentration‐dependent Ang‐2 reduction . Treatment of bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ;  increased Ang‐2 release , and interleukin‐6 reduced basal Ang‐2 levels . Conclusions : First ,  patients ’ serum Ang‐2 levels  are increased during severe sepsis and associated with disease severity . The strong relationship of serum Ang‐2 with serum tumor necrosis factor‐&agr ; suggests that the latter may participate in the regulation of Ang‐2 production in sepsis . Second , inflammatory mediators reduce Ang‐2 release from human lung microvascular endothelial cells , implying that this vascular bed may not be the source of increased Ang‐2 in human sepsis BACKGROUND Few clinical studies have focused on the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the phenolic compounds of red wine ( RW ) . OBJECTIVE We aim ed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease . DESIGN Sixty-seven high-risk , male volunteers were included in a r and omized , crossover consumption trial . After a washout period , all subjects received RW ( 30 g alcohol/d ) , the equivalent amount of dealcoholized red wine ( DRW ) , or gin ( 30 g alcohol/d ) for 4 wk . Before and after each intervention period , 7 cellular and 18 serum inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated . RESULTS Alcohol increased IL-10 and decreased macrophage-derived chemokine concentrations , whereas the phenolic compounds of RW decreased serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 , E-selectin , and IL-6 and inhibited the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in T lymphocytes and macrophage-1 receptor , Sialil-Lewis X , and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 expression in monocytes . Both ethanol and phenolic compounds of RW downregulated serum concentrations of CD40 antigen , CD40 lig and , IL-16 , monocyte chemotactic protein-1 , and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 . CONCLUSION The results suggest that the phenolic content of RW may modulate leukocyte adhesion molecules , whereas both ethanol and polyphenols of RW may modulate soluble inflammatory mediators in high-risk patients . The trial was registered in the International St and ard R and omized Controlled Trial Number Register at http://www.is rct n.org/ as IS RCT N88720134 BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have suggested that flavonoid intake plays a critical role in the prevention of coronary heart disease . Because atherosclerosis is considered a low- grade inflammatory disease , some feeding trials have analyzed the effects of cocoa ( an important source of flavonoids ) on inflammatory biomarkers , but the results have been controversial . OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of chronic cocoa consumption on cellular and serum biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in high-risk patients . DESIGN Forty-two high-risk volunteers ( 19 men and 23 women ; mean + /- SD age : 69.7 + /- 11.5 y ) were included in a r and omized crossover feeding trial . All subjects received 40 g cocoa powder with 500 mL skim milk/d ( C+M ) or only 500 mL skim milk/d ( M ) for 4 wk . Before and after each intervention period , cellular and serum inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis were evaluated . RESULTS Adherence to the dietary protocol was excellent . No significant changes in the expression of adhesion molecules on T lymphocyte surfaces were found between the C+M and M groups . However , in monocytes , the expression of VLA-4 , CD40 , and CD36 was significantly lower ( P = 0.005 , 0.028 , and 0.001 , respectively ) after C+M intake than after M intake . In addition , serum concentrations of the soluble endothelium-derived adhesion molecules P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower ( both P = 0.007 ) after C+M intake than after M intake . CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the intake of cocoa polyphenols may modulate inflammatory mediators in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease . These antiinflammatory effects may contribute to the overall benefits of cocoa consumption against atherosclerosis . This trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials at London , International St and ard R and omized Controlled Trial Number , at controlled-trials.com as IS RCT N75176807 Recently , novel dietary oils with modified fatty acid profiles have been manufactured to improve fatty acid intakes and reduce CVD risk . Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of novel high-oleic rapeseed ( canola ) oil ( HOCO ) , alone or blended with flaxseed oil ( FXCO ) , on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkers v. a typical Western diet ( WD ) . Using a r and omised , controlled , crossover trial , thirty-six hypercholesterolaemic subjects consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 d each containing approximately 36 % energy from fat , of which 70 % was provided by HOCO , FXCO or WD . Dietary fat content of SFA , MUFA , PUFA n-6 and n-3 was 6 , 23 , 5 , 1 % energy for HOCO ; 6 , 16 , 5 , 7·5 % energy for FXCO ; 11·5 , 16 , 6 , 0·5 % energy for WD . After 28 d , compared with WD , LDL-cholesterol was reduced 15·1 % ( P < 0·001 ) with FXCO and 7·4 % ( P < 0·001 ) with  HOCO . Total cholesterol ( TC ) was reduced 11 % ( P < 0·001 ) with FXCO and 3·5 % ( P = 0·002 ) with HOCO compared with WD . Endpoint TC differed between FXCO and HOCO ( P < 0·05 ) . FXCO consumption reduced HDL-cholesterol by 8·5 % ( P < 0·001 ) and LDL : HDL ratio by 7·5 % ( P = 0·008 ) v. WD . FXCO significantly decreased E-selectin concentration compared with WD ( P = 0·02 ) . No differences were observed in inflammatory markers after the consumption of HOCO compared with WD . In conclusion , consumption of novel HOCO alone or when blended with flaxseed oil is cardioprotective through lipid-lowering effects . The incorporation of flaxseed oil may also target inflammation by reducing plasma E-selectin Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables may be associated with decreased CVD risk . In the present study , we investigated the effects of blackcurrant ( BC ) juice , rich in polyphenols and ascorbic acid , on oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in cultured macrophages in vitro and in human subjects with an atherosclerosis-prone phenotype ( after consumption of a high-energy meal ) . In cultured macrophages ( RAW264.7 ) , BC treatment significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation as indicated by lower mRNA levels of TNF-α , IL-1β and inducible NO synthase ( iNOS ) and lower nuclear p65 levels indicating decreased NF-κB activity . iNOS protein levels were lower and haem oxygenase 1 levels higher in BC-treated cells when compared with untreated controls . Subjects given a high-energy meal had elevated serum glucose and insulin levels with no significant difference between the BC-based juice and placebo treatment groups . TAG following meal ingestion tended to be attenuated after the BC treatment . Plasma ascorbic acid and radical-scavenging capacity were decreased following placebo meal consumption ; however , BC significantly elevated both parameters compared with baseline and placebo ingestion . Plasma oxidised LDL , α-tocopherol and paraoxonase activity were unchanged in both treatment groups . Furthermore , production of TNF-α and IL-1β was not significantly changed by BC meal consumption . The present results suggest potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of BC in vitro in cultured macrophages . Although the observations were not directly transferable to a postpr and ial in vivo situation , the present results show that BC juice consumption may improve postpr and ial antioxidant status as indicated by higher ascorbic acid levels and free radical-scavenging capacity in plasma Objective Identify serum biomarkers modulated by golimumab treatment and associated with clinical response in patients with ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) . Methods Sera were collected at weeks 0 , 4 and 14 from 100 patients with active AS in the GO – RAISE study . Patients were r and omly assigned subcutaneous injections of placebo , golimumab 50 mg , or golimumab 100 mg every 4 weeks . Sample s were tested for select inflammatory , bone and cartilage markers , and protein profiling was also performed . Results Golimumab treatment result ed in significant decreases in several serum proteins at weeks 4 and 14 compared with placebo . Patients who achieved clinical response at week 14 , as assessed by a ≥20 % improvement in the Assessment in SpondyloArthitis international Society response criteria ( ASAS 20 ) , demonstrated a distinct biomarker profile with lower levels of acute phase reactants and inflammatory biomarkers compared with patients who did not . Notably , combinations of two or three biomarkers assessed at baseline were predictive of various clinical outcomes ( ASAS 20 , Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index 50 or Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index ) using a logistic regression analysis , and the overall predictive values for these combined biomarkers were greater than observed for C-reactive protein ( CRP ) alone . Conclusion Golimumab modulated acute phase reactants and inflammatory markers in patients with active AS . Specific combinations of biomarkers at baseline demonstrated a stronger prediction for clinical efficacy than CRP alone . These data provide insights into the mechanism of golimumab on inflammatory processes driving AS pathology , and may have utility in managing the treatment of patients with AS Diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) is one the most important complications of diabetes leading to end-stage renal disease . Dietary approaches have been considered to control of the kidney function deterioration among these patients . The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of fortified soy milk with Lactobacillus plantarum A7 on renal function biomarkers in type 2 DN patients . Forty-eight DN subjects were attended to this parallel r and omized trial study . Participants were r and omly assigned to consume a diet containing 200 mL/day probiotic soy milk in intervention group or soy milk in the control condition for 8 weeks . An inflammatory adipokine — Progranulin ( PGRN ) , a cytokine receptor-soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 ( sTNFR1 ) , and serum levels of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) and cystatin C ( Cys-C ) as the new renal function biomarkers were measured after 8 weeks of intervention according to the st and ard protocol . Our analysis showed that consumption of probiotic soy milk result ed in a significant reduction in the Cys-C and PGRN levels compared with the soy milk ( P = 0.01 ) in the final adjusted model . In addition , after adjustment for age , weight , and energy intake , a marginally significant in the NGAL level was seen between two groups ( P = 0.05 ) . However , there was no significant differences on the sTNFR1concenteration between two groups ( P = 0.06 ) . Overall , intake of probiotic soy milk may have a beneficial effect on the renal function in patients with DN OBJECTIVE First-degree relatives of patients with diabetes are at more risk for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation . The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a non-soy legume-enriched diet on inflammatory biomarkers and serum adiponectin levels among first-degree relatives of these patients . METHODS Twenty-six participants ( 14 women and 12 men ) with a family history of diabetes were recruited to this r and omized , crossover study . Participants were r and omly assigned to a legume-enriched or a habitual diet for 6 wk that was separated by a 2-wk washout . The inflammatory markers-high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , interleukin-6 , tumor necrosis factor-α , and serum levels of adiponectin-were measured at the beginning and the end of each intervention period according to the st and ard protocol . RESULTS Energy intake of participants was not statistically different between the two diets ( 1821.5 ± 100.11 versus 1788.2 ± 92.68 kcal/d , respectively ) . After consumption of a legume diet , percent change of hs-CRP reduced significantly compared with consumption of a habitual diet ( -4.86 % ± 1.86 % versus 3.55 % ± 1.97 % , P = 0.002 ) and among the women in the study ( -12.96 % ± 1.96 % versus 3.24 % ± 2.65 % , P = 0.004 ) . The percent change of other inflammatory markers and serum concentrations of adiponectin were not significantly different between the two diet groups . CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that a legume-enriched diet significantly reduced the hs-CRP concentrations in first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes after 6 wk of intervention compared with a habitual diet OBJECTIVE Abatacept , a soluble selective costimulation modulator , selectively modulates T cell activation via the CD80/CD86:CD28 costimulation pathway . Data from a Phase II trial showed efficacy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and inadequate response to methotrexate when treated with abatacept ( 10 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg ) . To determine the mechanism of action of abatacept , we analyzed changes in the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the patients enrolled in this trial . RESULTS Following 12 months ' treatment , serum levels of interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) , soluble IL-2 receptor , C-reactive protein , soluble E-selectin , and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower in patients receiving abatacept 10 mg/kg versus placebo . Smaller reductions in tumor necrosis factor-a and rheumatoid factor were also observed in the abatacept 10 mg/kg group compared with the placebo group . Although there was no evidence for efficacy of the 2 mg/kg dose , small reductions in inflammatory biomarkers at this dosage support the biologic effect of this therapy . CONCLUSION These findings reveal the antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of abatacept in patients with RA , and are consistent with the concept that modulating T cell activation improves clinical signs and symptoms and inhibits the progression of structural damage . These data suggest that selective modulation of the CD80/CD86:CD28 pathway with abatacept may affect several inflammatory cell types and cytokines that are involved in the proinflammatory cascade Consumption of resistant starch (RS)-enriched foods is associated with decrease in the postpr and ial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses , accompanied by the production of fermentation-related gases in the large bowel . The present study aim ed to determine the postpr and ial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to the GM RS-enriched rice and the fermentation-related production of H2 in young and healthy Chinese adults . A total of sixteen young adults ( nine men and seven women ) were recruited and divided into three groups . Their postpr and ial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to 40 g glucose , carbohydrates of RS or wild-type ( WT ) rice were tested by a crossover model with a washout period of 7 d. The concentrations of blood glucose and insulin as well as breath H2 were measured before and after food intake . Although the mean concentrations of fasting blood glucose , insulin and breath H2 were similar , consumption of the RS rice significantly decreased the values of glycaemic index ( GI ) and insulin index ( II ) , as compared with the intake of WT rice ( 48.4 ( sem 21.8 ) v. 77.4 ( sem 34.9 ) for GI , 34.2 ( sem 18.9 ) v. 54.4 ( sem 22.4 ) for II , P < 0.05 ) , respectively . Conversely , intake of the RS rice meal significantly elevated the concentrations of breath H2 , as compared with WT rice ( 38.9 ( sem 17.6 ) v. 10.5 ( sem 3.7 ) parts per million for peak levels of breath H2 , P < 0.05 ) through a period of 16-h tests . Consumption of the GM RS-enriched rice meal decreased the postpr and ial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and promoted RS fermentation-related production of H2 in the large bowel of young and healthy Chinese adults Several authors have demonstrated the pivotal role of proinflammatory cytokines in inducing progressive cartilage degradation and secondary inflammation of the synovial membrane in osteoarthritis ( OA ) . It has recently been established that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a well-defined role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory joint diseases and that binding to circulating soluble TNF-alpha receptors can inactivate it . We investigated the influence of mud pack treatment , which is able to diminish TNF-alpha serum values , on specific TNF receptor ( sTNF-R ) levels . Thirty-six patients with OA were enrolled and r and omized into two groups . Group A underwent mud pack treatment and group B underwent thermal bath treatment .  A group of 20 healthy untreated subjects was used as a control . Blood sample s were collected at baseline and after treatment , and assays of sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75 were performed in both groups . We found small changes in sTNF-Rs serum values but these were not statistically significant . sTNF-R55 serum values decreased by 0.4 % after the therapy in group A , while in group B the decrease was -17.7 % . sTNF-R75 was reduced by -21.17 % in group A and by -10.6 % in group B. In conclusion , through its thermic and ant/inflammatory activity mud pack treatment shows complex interaction with the most common factors of inflammatory and cartilage degradation . Our results suggest that the thermic component of this natural treatment is mainly involved in modulating inflammatory reaction and cartilage damage through binding of the circulating TNF , which controls the activation of the cells responsible for the production of proinflammatory cytokines Purpose : Interferon (IFN)-α2b is the only Food and Drug Administration – approved treatment for operable high-risk melanoma that has been shown to significantly and durably prolong relapse-free survival ( RFS ) of patients with stage IIB-III melanoma . Development of reliable serum assays may contribute to the development of methods for earlier detection of melanoma and the selection of patients who may be most susceptible to current available interventions with IFNα . Experimental Design : A powerful high-throughput xMAP multiplex immunobead assay technology ( Luminex Corp. , Austin , TX ) was used to simultaneously test 29 cytokines , chemokines , angiogenic as well as growth factors , and soluble receptors in the sera of 179 patients with high-risk melanoma and 378 healthy individuals . Results : Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α , IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-12p40 , IL-13 , granulocyte colony-stimulating factor , monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ( MCP-1 ) , macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α , MIP-1β , IFNα , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , epidermal growth factor , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , and TNF receptor II were found to be significantly higher in patients with resected high-risk melanoma compared with healthy controls . Bayesian Network algorithm classification of the data offered 90 % sensitivity at 98 % specificity with 96.5 % of melanoma patients distinguished from healthy individuals . IFN-α2b therapy result ed in a significant decrease of serum levels of immunosuppressive and tumor angiogenic/growth stimulatory factors ( VEGF , epidermal growth factor , and hepatocyte growth factor ) and increased levels of antiangiogenic IFN-γ inducible protein 10 ( IP-10 ) and IFN-α . Pretreatment levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β , IL-1α , IL-6 , TNF-α , and chemokines MIP-1α and MIP-1β were found to be significantly higher in the serum of patients with longer RFS values of 1 to 5 and > 5 years when compared with patients with shorter RFS of < 1 year . Conclusion : These data show that multiplexed analysis of serum biomarkers is useful for the evaluation of prognostic markers of clinical outcome and potential predictive markers of response to IFN-α2b in patients with high-risk operable melanoma BACKGROUND No intervention studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of different alcoholic beverages on  markers of atherosclerosis .  We embarked on a r and omized , crossover , single-blinded trial to evaluate the effects of wine and gin on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis .  METHODS AND RESULTS Forty healthy men ( mean age , 37.6 years ) consumed 30 g ethanol per day as either wine or gin for 28 days . Before and after each intervention , we measured the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 ( LFA-1 ) , Mac-1 , very late activation antigen 4 ( VLA-4 ) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein ( MCP-1 ) in monocytes , as well as the soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) , intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) , interleukin-1alpha ( IL-1alpha ) , C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and fibrinogen . After either gin or wine consumption , plasma fibrinogen decreased by 5 and 9 % , respectively , and cytokine IL-1alpha by 23 and 21 % . The expression of LFA-1 ( -27 % ) , Mac-1 ( -27 % ) , VLA-4 ( -32 % ) and MCP-1 ( -46 % ) decreased significantly after wine , but not after gin . Wine reduced the serum concentrations of hs-CRP ( -21 % ) , VCAM-1 ( -17 % ) and ICAM-1 ( -9 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Both wine and gin showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing plasma fibrinogen and IL-1alpha levels . However , wine had the additional effect of decreasing hs-CRP , as well as monocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules Background The effects of surgical weight loss ( WL ) on inflammatory biomarkers associated with sleep apnea  remain unknown . We sought to determine if any biomarkers can predict amelioration of sleep apnea achieved by bariatric surgery . We hypothesized that surgical WL would substantially reduce severity of sleep apnea and levels of proinflammatory cytokines . Methods Twenty-three morbidly obese adults underwent anthropometric measurements , polysomnography , and serum biomarker profiling  prior to and 1 year following bariatric surgery .  We examined the effect of WL and amelioration of sleep apnea on metabolic and inflammatory markers . Results Surgical WL result ed in significant decreases in BMI ( 16.7 ± 5.97 kg/m2/median 365 days ) , apnea – hypopnea index ( AHI ) , CRP , IL-6 , sTNFαR1 , sTNFαR2 , and leptin levels , while ghrelin , adiponectin , and soluble leptin receptor concentrations increased significantly . Utilizing an AHI cutoff of 15 events/h , we found significantly elevated levels of baseline sTNFαR2 and greater post-WL sTNFαR2 decreases in subjects with baseline AHI ≥15 events/h compared to those with AHI < 15 events/h despite no significant differences in baseline BMI , age , and Δ BMI . In a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for sex , age , impaired glucose metabolism , Δ BMI , and follow-up period , the post-WL decreases in AHI were an independent predictor of the decreases in sTNFαR2 and altogether accounted for 46 % of the variance of ΔsTNFαR2 ( P = 0.011 ) in the entire cohort . Conclusions Of all the biomarkers , the decrease in sTNFαR2 was independently determined by the amelioration of sleep apnea achieved by bariatric surgery . The results suggest that sTNFαR2 may be a specific sleep apnea biomarker across a wide range of body weight OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore the effect of high-resistant starch ( RS ) , low-protein flour as a source of RS on patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) through the clinical intervention trial . DESIGN This was a single center , r and omized , comparative , open-label trial . Seventy-five patients with early DN , aged 18 to 80 y , were recruited and r and omly assigned to two groups . During the 12-week intervention , the control group patients ( 38 cases ) followed protein-restriction diet daily with a common staple . The intervention group ( 37 cases ) received 50 g of high-RS , low-protein flour instead of a common staple of equal quality at lunch and dinner each day . The blood glucose , blood lipids , nutritional parameters , indicators of renal function , oxidative stress , and inflammatory markers were measured . RESULTS Compared with the control group , high-RS , low-protein flour intake led to a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose , HbA1c , total cholesterol , and triglycerides levels ( P < .05 for all ) . The changes in serum uric acid ( UA ) and β2-microglobulin ( β2-MG ) level were observed after high-RS , low-protein flour intervention ( uric acid [ mean ± st and ard deviation ] : -24.7 ± 38.5 μmol/L , P = .001 ; β2-MG : 0.5 ± 0.9 mg/L , P = 0.018 ) . In addition , high-RS , low-protein flour intake increased serum superoxide dismutase level by 10.1 ± 27.7 U/mL ( P < .05 ) ; however , it did not change the interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α ( TNF-α ) concentration . CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week intervention with high-RS , low-protein flour improved the blood glucose and blood lipid levels , decreased the serum uric acid ( UA ) and urine β2-MG , and enhanced the ability to prevent antioxidative stress in patients with early DN The Salmon in Pregnancy Study investigated whether the increased consumption of ( n-3 ) long-chain PUFA ( LC-PUFA ) from farmed Atlantic salmon  affects immune function during pregnancy and atopic disease in neonates compared with a habitual diet low in oily fish . In this context , because the ingestion of ( n-3 ) LC-PUFA may lower the concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers , we investigated whether the consumption of oily fish affects the levels of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion factors during pregnancy . Pregnant women ( n = 123 ) were r and omly assigned to continue their habitual diet ( control group , n = 61 ) , which was low in oily fish , or to consume two 150-g salmon portions/wk ( salmon group , n = 62 ; providing 3.45 g EPA plus DHA ) from 20 wk of gestation until delivery . Plasma inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion factors were measured in maternal plasma sample s. Inflammatory biomarkers , including IL-8 , hepatocyte growth factor , and monocyte chemotactic protein , increased over the course of pregnancy ( P < 0.001 ) , whereas plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 , IL-6 , TNFα , and nerve growth factor concentrations were not affected . Vascular homeostasis biomarkers soluble E-selectin , soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 , soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 , and total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 increased as pregnancy progressed ( P < 0.001 ) . The plasma sICAM-1 concentration was greater in the control group than in the salmon group at wk 20 ( baseline ) and 38 ( P = 0.007 ) but there was no group x time interaction , and when baseline concentration was used as a covariate , the groups did not differ ( P = 0.69 ) . The remaining biomarkers analyzed were similar in both groups . Therefore , although some inflammatory and vascular homeostasis biomarkers change during pregnancy , they are not affected by the increased intake of farmed salmon Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods is associated with lower risk from many chronic diseases . We hypothesized that a single dose of cranberry beverage would improve indices of oxidative stress , inflammation , and urinary antibacterial adhesion activity in healthy humans . Six males and 6 females ( 18 - 35 years ; body mass index , 19 - 25 kg/m(2 ) ) consumed placebo , cranberry leaf extract beverage , or low-calorie cranberry juice cocktail ( LCJC ) once in a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled cross-over experimental design trial . The washout period between beverages was 1 week . Blood was collected 0 , 2 , 4 , 8 , and 24 hours after beverage consumption for measuring oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers . Urine was collected at 0 , 0 to 3 , 3 to 6 , 6 to 9 , 9 to 12 , and 24 hours postintervention to assess antibacterial adhesion activity . Consumption of cranberry leaf extract beverage elevated ( P < .05 ) blood glutathione peroxidase activity , whereas LCJC consumption increased ( P < .05 ) glutathione concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity compared with placebo . Cranberry leaf extract beverage and LCJC consumption had no effect on the inflammatory biomarkers measured as compared with placebo . At 0 to 3 hours postconsumption , urine from participants who consumed cranberry beverages had higher ( P < .05 ) ex vivo antiadhesion activity against P-fimbriated Escherichia coli compared with placebo . An acute dose of cranberry beverages improved biomarkers of antioxidant status and inhibition of bacterial adhesion in urine The study was design ed to determine the effect of thirty days of pomegranate extract oral supplementation on plasma inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as serum metabolic profiles , in overweight and obese individuals . In this r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study 48 obese and overweight participants were r and omly assigned to receive either 1000 mg of pomegranate extract , or a placebo , daily for 30 days . At baseline , and after 30 days of treatment , anthropometric parameters , dietary intake , plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde , interleukin-6 and hyper sensitive-C reactive protein and levels of serum lipids , glucose and insulin were assessed . Thirty days of PE supplementation result ed in a significant decrease in mean serum levels of glucose , insulin , total cholesterol , LDL-C , and plasma MDA , IL-6 and hs-CRP . HDL-C significantly increased following the PE versus the PL intervention . Our study suggests that pomegranate extract consumption may reduce complications linked with obesity
Moreover , the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration .
The current meta- analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers .
This study aim ed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of  RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers .