Systematic review of effectiveness of universal self-regulation-based interventions and their effects on distal health and social outcomes in children and adolescents: review protocol Comparison of a family-based group intervention for youths with obesity to a brief individual family intervention: a practical clinical trial of positively fit. Association of number of positive nodes and cervical stroma invasion with outcome of advanced endometrial cancer treated with chemotherapy or whole abdominal irradiation: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Rationale and study protocol for the supporting children’s outcomes using rewards, exercise and skills (SCORES) group randomized controlled trial: A physical activity and fundamental movement skills intervention for primary schools in low-income communities Brief intervention for drug-abusing adolescents in a school setting: outcomes and mediating factors. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of CBT vs antipsychotics vs both in 14–18-year-olds: Managing Adolescent first episode Psychosis: a feasibility study (MAPS) Guidelines for the treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome. The impact of physical fitness and health-age appraisal upon exercise intentions and behavior Psychological flexibility mediates the effect of an online-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: an investigation of change processes Yoga Therapy for Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessment of Abdominal Pain Through Global Outcomes and Recent FDA Recommendations in Children: Are We Ready for Change? Abdominal Pain-predominant Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adolescent Nigerians A rationale and method for high-intensity progressive resistance training with children and adolescents. Phase III trial of doxorubicin plus cisplatin with or without paclitaxel plus filgrastim in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Impact of Aggressive Histology and Location of Primary Tumor on the Efficacy of Surgical Therapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin Accuracy of Pain Recall in Children Effectiveness of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Cognitive Performance in Danish Adolescents: LCoMotion—Learning, Cognition and Motion – A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation of a Group Cognitive-Behavioral Depression Prevention Program for Young Adolescents: A Randomized Effectiveness Trial Gastrointestinal events after opioid treatment in nonmalignant pain: correlates of occurrence and impact on health-related quality of life. Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls. Correlates of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness among Brazilian adolescents. Is Action Planning Helpful for Smoking Cessation? Assessing the Effects of Action Planning in a Web-Based Computer-Tailored Intervention Parental Report of Abdominal Pain and Abdominal Pain–related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders From a Community Survey
Background Growing evidence suggests that childhood and adolescence self-regulation contributes to multiple health , educational and social outcomes . Considering the potential impact of self-regulation skills on improved life chances in conjunction with evidence suggesting that self-regulation can be modified by interventions , there is a need to identify interventions which are most effective in improving childhood and adolescence self-regulation . The present systematic review was design ed to determine the effectiveness of universal interventions focused on enhancing the  self-regulation of children and adolescents . As secondary outcomes , we will also examine the effectiveness of such interventions on distal health and social outcomes . Methods Eligible studies include r and omised controlled trials ( including cluster r and omised trials ) reporting on universal interventions design ed to improve self-regulation in childhood and adolescence ( age 0–19 years ) . The following data bases will be search ed for peer- review ed publications using an iterative search strategy : Medline , PsycINFO , EMBASE , ERIC , CINAHL Plus , British Education Index , Child Development & Adolescent Studies and CENTRAL without applying language or date filters . Additionally , reference lists and citations of included studies will be search ed for eligible studies . A 10 % proportion of the total titles and abstract s will be r and omly selected and screened independently by two review ers ( AP and DH ) . Results will be compared to ensure less than 5 % discrepancy , followed by screening of all results by one review er ( AP ) . Full-text review and data collection will be independently performed by two review ers . Any discrepancies will be solved by mutual discussion , and if unresolved , a third review er ( RV ) will be consulted . Meta- analysis will be conducted to quantify trial effects , if the data is sufficiently homogenous to allow quantitative synthesis . Otherwise , results will be described narratively . Discussion The evidence derived from the systematic review will strengthen the evidence base to inform planning of effective interventions targeting self-regulation skills in childhood and adolescence . This will benefit policy makers , academicians , research ers , health professionals , and also , young people who will benefit from policy and interventions informed by this review . Systematic review registration CRD42016047661 OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of a family-based behavioral group intervention ( Positively Fit ; PF ) for pediatric obesity relative to a brief family intervention ( BFI ) in a sample of treatment-seeking children and adolescents . METHODS Families ( n = 93 ) were r and omized to treatment condition . Assessment s were conducted at pre- and posttreatment and at 12-month follow-up . Outcome indices included st and ardized body mass index ( BMI ) and quality of life ( QOL ) . RESULTS Results indicated a significant reduction in z BMI at posttreatment and follow-up across both conditions . At follow-up , BFI and PF participants evidence d average reductions of .12 and .19 z BMI units , respectively . Children demonstrated better outcomes than adolescents across both conditions . Results indicated clinical ly significant improvements in parent-reported QOL at postintervention and in self-reported QOL at follow-up for PF participants . CONCLUSIONS Results suggest the effectiveness of family-based interventions for pediatric obesity in clinical setting s among younger children . Neither intervention was effective in terms of reducing z BMI among adolescents OBJECTIVE To determine whether the number of positive pelvic nodes ( PPN ) , cervical stromal involvement ( CSI ) , and /or lymphovascular space involvement ( LVSI ) were prognostic factors among women with advanced endometrial carcinoma treated with adriamycin plus cisplatin ( AP ) or whole abdominal irradiation ( WAI ) .  METHODS Data were abstract ed from records of patients treated with adjuvant WAI or AP in a GOG r and omized trial . Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association of CSI and PPN with differences in PFS and OS while adjusting for treatment and previously studied factors . RESULTS  WAI was r and omly allocated to 202 and AP to 194 eligible patients . CSI ( n=93 total ) was associated with a 44 % increase in risk of progression and a 33 % increase in risk of death . There was a trend for increasing number PPN being associated with a 7 % per positive node increase in risk of progression/death . For CSI , the estimated unadjusted treatment hazard ratios ( HRs ) were : PFS 0.85 ( 0.53 , 1.38 ) ; OS 0.81 ( 0.50 , 1.33 ) . For metastatic disease limited to a single PPN ( n=25 ) , the unadjusted HRs were : PFS 0.96 ( 0.34 , 2.74 ) ; OS 0.73 ( 0.24 , 2.18 ) . The test of homogeneity of treatment effect ( ie . , AP vs WAI ) across subgroups ( CSI , number of positive pelvic nodes ) was not statistically significant for either endpoint , thus supporting the superiority of chemotherapy as reported in the original manuscript . CONCLUSIONS The presence of CSI and increasing number of PPN were associated with poor prognosis . On average , patients with CSI experienced improved PFS and OS when treated with AP relative to WAI Background Many Australian children are insufficiently active to accrue health benefits and physical activity ( PA ) levels are consistently lower among youth of low socio-economic position .  PA levels decline dramatically during adolescence and evidence suggests that competency in a range of fundamental movement skills ( FMS ) may serve as a protective factor against this trend . Methods / design The Supporting Children ’s Outcomes Using Rewards Exercise and Skills ( SCORES ) intervention is a multi-component PA and FMS intervention for primary schools in low-income communities , which will be evaluated using a group r and omized controlled trial . The socio-ecological model provided a framework for the 12-month intervention , which includes the following components : teacher professional learning , student leadership workshops ( including leadership accreditation and rewards , e.g. , stickers , water bottles ) , PA policy review , PA equipment packs , parental engagement via newsletters , FMS homework and a parent evening , and community partnerships with local sporting organizations . Outcomes will be assessed at baseline , 6- and 12-months . The primary outcomes are PA ( accelerometers ) , FMS ( Test of Gross Motor Development II ) and cardiorespiratory fitness ( multi-stage fitness test ) . Secondary outcomes include body mass index [ using weight (kg)/height ( m2 ) ] , perceived competence , physical self-esteem , and resilience . Individual and environmental mediators of behavior change ( e.g. social support and enjoyment ) will also be assessed . The System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time will be used to assess the impact of the intervention on PA within physical education lessons . Statistical analyses will follow intention-to-treat principles and hypothesized mediators of PA behavior change will be explored . Discussion SCORES is an innovative primary school-based PA and FMS intervention design ed to support students attending schools in low-income communities to be more skilled and active . The findings from the study may be used to guide teacher pre-service education , professional learning and school policy in primary schools . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry No : This r and omized controlled trial evaluated the use of two brief intervention conditions for adolescents ( aged 12 - 18 years ) who have been identified in a school setting as abusing alcohol and other drugs . Adolescents and their parents ( N = 315 ) were r and omly assigned to receive either a two-session adolescent-only ( BI-A ) , two-session adolescent and additional parent session ( BI-AP ) , or assessment -only control condition ( CON ) . Interventions were manually guided and delivered in a school setting by trained counselors . Adolescents and parents were assessed at intake and at 6 months following the completion of the intervention . Analyses of relative ( change from intake to 6 months ) and absolute ( status at 6 months ) outcome variables indicated that for the most part , adolescents in the BI-A and BI-AP conditions showed significantly more reductions in drug use behaviors compared with the CON group . In addition , youth receiving the BI-AP condition showed significantly better outcomes compared with the BI-A group on several variables . Problem-solving skills and use of additional counseling services mediated outcome . The value of a school-based brief intervention for students is discussed Background Adolescent-onset psychosis is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes than adult-onset psychosis . The National Institute for Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) recommend that adolescents with first episode psychosis ( FEP ) should be offered a combination of antipsychotic medication ( APs ) , cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) and family intervention ( FI ) . The evidence for APs in treating psychosis is limited in adolescents compared to adults . Nevertheless , it indicates that APs can reduce overall symptoms in adolescents but may cause more severe side effects , including cardiovascular and metabolic effects , than in adults . CBT and FI can improve outcomes in adults , but there are no studies of psychological interventions ( PI ) in patients under 18 years old . Given this limited evidence base , NICE made a specific research recommendation for determining the clinical and cost effectiveness of APs versus PI versus both treatments for adolescent FEP . Methods / design The current study aim ed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of conducting such a trial by recruiting 14–18-year-olds with a first episode of psychosis into a feasibility prospect i ve r and omised open blinded evaluation ( PROBE ) design , three-arm , r and omised controlled trial of APs alone versus PI alone versus a combination of both treatments . We aim ed to recruit 90 participants from Early Intervention and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Teams in seven UK sites .  APs were prescribed by participants ’ usual psychiatrists . PI comprised st and ardised cognitive behavioural therapy and family intervention sessions . Discussion This is the first study to compare APs to PI in an adolescent population with FEP . Recruitment finished on 31 October 2018 . The study faced difficulties with recruitment across most sites due to factors including clinician and service-user treatment preferences . Trial registration Current controlled trial with IS RCT N , IS RCT N80567433 . Registered on 27 February 2017 The antiphospholipid syndrome ( APS ) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis , gestational morbidity and presence of elevated and persistently positive serum titers of antiphospholipid antibodies . The treatment of APS is still controversial , because any therapeutic decision potentially faces the risk of an insufficient or excessive antithrombotic coverage associated with anticoagulation and its major adverse effects . This guideline was elaborated from nine relevant clinical questions related to the treatment of APS by the Committee of Vasculopathies of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology . Thus , this study aim ed at establishing a guideline that included the most relevant and controversial questions in APS treatment , based on the best scientific evidence available . The questions were structured by use of the PICO ( patient , intervention or indicator , comparison and outcome ) process , enabling the generation of search strategies for evidence in the major primary scientific data bases ( MEDLINE / PubMed , Embase , Lilacs , Scielo , Cochrane Library , Pre medline via OVID ) . A manual search for evidence and theses was also conducted ( BDTD and IBICT ) . The evidence retrieved was selected based on critical assessment by using discriminatory instruments ( scores ) according to the category of the therapeutic question ( JADAD scale for r and omized clinical trials and Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-r and omized studies ) . After defining the potential studies to support the recommendations , they were selected according to level of evidence and grade of recommendation , according to the Oxford classification This study investigated the relative and combined effectiveness of the Canadian Home Fitness Test ( CHFT ) and Health Hazard Appraisal ( HHA ) to modify ( 1 ) intention to exercise with and without knowledge of the results and ( 2 ) intention and behavior to exercise over 3 months . The 200 subjects were r and omly attributed to groups , either ( 1 ) physical-fitness evaluation ( PF ) , ( 2 ) appraised health age ( HA ) , ( 3 ) physical-fitness evaluation and health-hazard appraisal ( PF-HA ) , or ( 4 ) control ( C ) , The immediate impact on the intention to exercise of passing one and /or the other tests , without knowledge of the results , was not significant . With knowledge of the results , the intentions of the PF and PF-HA groups differed from those of the C group . This effect disappeared after 3 months . There was no significant impact on exercise behavior over 3 months . The results indicated a short-term motivational effect from being informed of CHFT results . Maintaining this effect might require intervention on a long-term basis Abstract One way to improve treatment effects of chronic pain is to identify and improve control over mechanisms of therapeutic change . One treatment approach that includes a specific proposed mechanism is acceptance and commitment therapy ( ACT ) with its focus on increasing psychological flexibility ( PF ) . The aim of the present study was to examine the role of PF as a mechanism of change in ACT . This is based on mediation analyses of data from a previously reported r and omized controlled trial , evaluating the effectiveness of an ACT-based online intervention for chronic pain ( ACTonPain ) . We performed secondary analyses on pretreatment , posttreatment , and follow-up data from 302 adults , receiving a guided ( n = 100 ) or unguided ( n = 101 ) version of ACTonPain , or allocated to the waitlist control group ( n = 101 ) . Structural equation modelling and a bias-corrected bootstrap approach were applied to examine the indirect effects of the treatment through pretreatment and posttreatment changes in the latent construct reflecting PF . The latent construct consisted of data from the Chronic Pain Acceptance Question naire and the Acceptance and Action Question naire . The outcomes were pretreatment to follow-up changes in pain interference , anxiety , depression , pain , and mental and physical health . Structural equation modelling analyses revealed that changes in PF significantly mediated pretreatment to follow-up changes in all outcomes in the intervention groups compared with waitlist ( st and ardized estimates ranged from I0.16I to I0.69I ) . Global model fit yielded modest but acceptable results . Findings are consistent with the theoretical framework behind ACT and contribute to growing evidence , supporting a focus on PF to optimize treatment effects Objectives : The aim of the present study was to compare effects of 10 weeks of yoga therapy ( YT ) and st and ard medical care ( SMC ) on abdominal pain and quality of life ( QoL ) in children with abdominal pain – related functional gastrointestinal disorders ( AP-FGIDs ) . Methods : Sixty-nine patients , ages 8 to 18 years , with AP-FGIDs , were r and omized  to SMC complemented with YT or SMC alone . YT is a mixture of yoga poses , meditation , and relaxation exercises and was given once a week in group sessions . SMC consisted of education , reassurance , dietary advice , and fibers/mebeverine , if necessary . Pain intensity ( pain intensity score [ PIS ] 0–5 ) and frequency ( pain frequency score [ PFS ] 0–4 ) were scored in a pain diary , and QoL was measured with KIDSCREEN-27 . Follow-up was 12 months . Treatment response was defined as ≥50 % reduction of weekly pain scores . Results : At 1-year follow-up , treatment response was accomplished in 58 % of the YT group and in 29 % of the control group ( P = 0.01 ) ; no significant differences for other time points were found . YT , and not SMC , result ed in a significant reduction of PIS ( P < 0.01 ) and PFS ( P < 0.01 ) after 12 months . During the study , however , YT was not significantly superior compared with SMC . Subanalyses for time points demonstrated a significant greater reduction of PIS at 12 months in favor of YT . No differences were found for QoL. YT was more effective in the reduction of reported monthly school absence ( P = 0.03 ) . Conclusion : At 1-year follow-up , YT in addition to st and ard care was superior compared with SMC  according to treatment success , PIS , and reduction of school absence . YT , however , was not significantly more effective in improving PFS or QoL , compared with SMC Objectives : Irritable bowel syndrome is a multisymptom construct , with abdominal pain ( AP ) acting as the driving symptom of patient-reported severity . The Food and Drug Administration considers a > 30 % decrease in AP as satisfactory improvement , but this has not been vali date d in children . We investigated the correspondence of 2 measures for AP assessment , ≥30 % improvement in AP and global assessment of improvement . Methods : Secondary analysis of data from 72 children who completed a r and omized clinical trial for abdominal pain – associated functional gastrointestinal disorders . Children completed daily assessment of AP intensity , functional disability inventory ( FDI ) , question regarding pain 's interference with activities , and 2 global assessment questions . We measured the extent to which ≥30 % improvement of AP and global assessment questions correlated with each other and with disability . Results : The global questions correlated with each other ( r = 0.74 ; P < 0.0001 ) and with a ≥30 % improvement in AP ( P < 0.01 ) . Global outcomes were satisfaction with treatment was inversely related to the child 's report of interference with activities ( P < 0.01 ) and symptom relief was positively associated with ≥30 % improvement in FDI scores ( P < 0.009 ) . A 30 % change in FDI scores was associated with global questions of symptom relief ( P = 0.009 ) but not with satisfaction with treatment ( P = 0.07 ) . The association of AP improvement with interference with activities ( P = 0.14 ) or change in FDI scores ( P = 0.27 ) did not reach significance . Conclusions : Currently used global assessment s are significantly associated with decreased pain intensity , decreased interference with daily activities , and a ≥30 % change in FDI scores , whereas recommended 30 % improvement in pain intensity is not as comprehensive Objectives : To determine the prevalence , pattern , and predisposing factors of abdominal pain-predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders ( AP-FGIDs ) in adolescent Nigerians . Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 states in the southern part of Nigeria in June 2014 . Adolescents of age 10 to 18 years were recruited from 11 secondary schools using a stratified r and om sampling technique . A vali date d self-administered question naire on Rome III criteria for diagnosing AP-FGIDs and its determinants were filled by the participants in a classroom setting . Results : A total of 874 participants filled the question naire . Of this , 818 ( 93.4 % ) filled it properly and were included in the final analysis . The mean age of the participants was 14.6 ± 2.0 years with 409 ( 50.0 % ) being boys . AP-FGIDs were present in 81 ( 9.9 % ) participants . Forty six ( 5.6 % ) of the study participants had irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) , 21 ( 2.6 % ) functional abdominal pain , 15 ( 1.8 % ) abdominal migraine while 3 ( 0.4 % ) had functional dyspepsia . The difference in AP-FGIDs between adolescents residing in rural and urban areas was not statistically significant ( P = 0.22 ) . Intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms occurred more frequently in those with AP-FGIDs . Nausea was the only symptom independently associated with AP-FGIDs ( p = 0.015 ) . Multiple regression analysis showed no significant association between stressful life events and AP-FGIDs . Conclusions : AP-FGIDs are a significant health problem in Nigerian adolescents . In addition to the intestinal symptoms , most of the affected children and others also had extraintestinal symptoms . None of the stressful life events evaluated was significantly associated with FGIDs BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is implicated in the metabolic abnormalities that track into adulthood . The associated increased incidence of insulin resistance , metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes being identified in younger cohorts has given rise to a critical global health issue . Muscular strength is a vital component of metabolic fitness that provides protection from insulin resistance in adults , and we have recently shown this to be true in children as well . Targeting muscular strength deficiencies at an early age may be an effective preventative strategy for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes . PURPOSE There is limited evidence -based best practice for progressive resistance training ( PRT ) , adiposity and metabolic fitness in children and adolescents . The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodology we utilized for implementing a PRT program to avoid publication bias , enable replication of the study and share a novel program that we have found safe and suitable for use with youth . METHODS We conducted the first r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) prescribing high-intensity PRT to children and adolescents ( 10 - 15 years ) as a community-based primary prevention program to address adiposity and metabolic health . Participants were instructed to complete 2 sets of 8 repetitions of 11 exercises targeting all the major muscle groups twice a week at an RPE of 15 - 18 for 8 weeks . RESULTS Primary outcome was waist circumference ; secondary outcomes included insulin resistance , lipid levels , muscle strength , cardiorespiratory fitness , body composition , self-efficacy , self-concept , habitual physical activity , nutritional and sedentary behavior patterns . CONCLUSION The supervised PRT program that we used with children and adolescents has been described in detail . The efficacy of this modality of exercise for metabolic fitness and other health outcomes is now under investigation PURPOSE To determine whether the addition of paclitaxel to doxorubicin plus cisplatin improves overall survival ( OS ) in women with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma . Secondary comparisons included progression-free survival ( PFS ) , response rate ( RR ) , and toxicities . PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible , consenting patients received doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2 ) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2 ) ( AP ) , or doxorubicin 45 mg/m(2 ) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2 ) ( day 1 ) , followed by paclitaxel 160 mg/m(2 ) ( day 2 ) with filgrastim support ( TAP ) . The initial doxorubicin dose in the AP arm was reduced to 45 mg/m(2 ) in patients with prior pelvic radiotherapy and those older than 65 years . Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks to a maximum of seven cycles . Patients completed a neurotoxicity question naire before each cycle . RESULTS Two hundred seventy-three women ( 10 ineligible ) were registered .  Objective response ( 57 % v 34 % ; P < .01 ) , PFS ( median , 8.3 v 5.3 months ; P < .01 ) , and OS ( median , 15.3 v 12.3 months ; P = .037 ) were improved with TAP . Treatment was hematologically well tolerated , with only 2 % of patients receiving AP , and 3 % of patients receiving TAP experiencing neutropenic fever . Neurologic toxicity was worse for those receiving TAP , with 12 % grade 3 , and 27 % grade 2 peripheral neuropathy , compared with 1 % and 4 % , respectively , in those receiving AP .  Patient-reported neurotoxicity was significantly higher in the TAP arm following two cycles of therapy . CONCLUSION TAP significantly improves RR , PFS , and OS compared with AP . Evaluation of this regimen in the high-risk adjuvant setting is warranted , but close attention should be paid to the increased risk of peripheral neuropathy Background Cytoreductive surgery ( CRS ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion ( HIPEC ) for peritoneal carcinomatosis ( PC ) of colorectal origin increases survival ( OS ) compared to systemic chemotherapy alone . Signet ring histology demonstrates aggressive behavior with poor survival . We sought to determine whether CRS/HIPEC increases survival in this subset of patients . Methods We review ed 67 patients with PC of appendiceal ( AP , n = 37 ) or colorectal origin ( CRC , n = 30 ) with signet cell histology from a prospect i ve data base between May 2001 and August 2011 .  Survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression were used to determine prognostic factors for survival . Results Complete CRS ( CC-0/1 ) was achieved in 77 % ( CRC ) and 73 % ( AP ) of patients . Progression-free survival ( PFS ) and OS were 9 and 12 months in CRC and 12 and 21 months in AP patients . In the CRC group , univariate predictors of poor survival included female gender , age , American Society of Anesthesiologists score , preoperative albumin , completeness of cytoreduction , and morbidity . In a multivariate Cox regression model , incomplete cytoreduction ( CC-2/3 ) and female gender were joint significant predictors of poor survival . In the AP group , significant univariate predictors of poor survival included higher EBL and PCI score . In a multivariate Cox regression model , blood loss of > 500 ml and a body mass index of < 25 kg/m2 were joint significant predictors of poor survival . Conclusions AP signet cell tumors demonstrate a more favorable outcome than CRC signet cell tumors after CRC/HIPEC for carcinomatosis , suggesting an underlying difference in biology . CRS/HIPEC does not confer survival benefit in colorectal signet ring carcinomatosis unless complete cytoreduction can be achieved , whereas appendiceal signet ring carcinomatosis may benefit , regardless of resectability Background and Aim : Chronic abdominal pain ( AP ) is common in children .  Recall of symptoms is used clinical ly to determine management , to assess treatment progress , and in drug studies to assess outcomes . Limited data exist on accuracy of AP recall in children . The aim of the present study was to assess ability to accurately recall AP  in children . Methods : The study was a secondary analysis of data obtained from a double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial , evaluating amitriptyline in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders . Children ages 8 to 17 years with AP predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome II criteria were recruited from 6 centers . Those with evidence of organic disease were excluded . Patients maintained AP diary daily for 1 month ( presence , frequency , and intensity ) . At the end of the study , patients reported the number of days of AP  during previous month . Agreement between daily pain reports and recalled pain was assessed . Univariate analysis was conducted with Spearman rank correlations . Results : We recruited 63 children ( 45 girls , mean age 12.8 years ) . Sixteen percent children had perfect agreement on number of days of AP . Fifty-four percent of children recalled fewer episodes of pain . The average number of days with AP by recall was 17.7/month , whereas by diary it was 23.5/month ( P = 0.001 ) . Correlation between patient recall of the last week of symptoms ( r = 0.47 ) was no better than correlation between recall of the last 30 days of symptoms ( r = 0.48 ) . On comparing AP recall versus various pain intensities , reported AP did not reflect only AP of greater severity . Higher correlation of recall of symptoms was seen in children 11 years or younger ( r = 0.59 ) as compared with children older than 11 years ( r = 0.26 ) . Conclusions : Few children can accurately recall the episodes of AP . Children commonly recall a lower frequency of AP than that assessed by prospect i ve diary reports . Reported recall does not reflect a shorter re collection period . Recall is not related to intensity of pain . Adolescents have worse recall of symptoms Background Physical activity is associated not only with health-related parameters , but also with cognitive and academic performance . However , no large scale school-based physical activity interventions have investigated effects on cognitive performance in adolescents . The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention in enhancing cognitive performance in 12–14 years old adolescents . Methods A 20 week cluster r and omized controlled trial was conducted including seven intervention and seven control schools . A total of 632 students ( mean ( SD ) age : 12.9 ( 0.6 ) years ) completed the trial with baseline and follow-up data on primary or secondary outcomes ( 74 % of r and omized subjects ) . The intervention targeted physical activity during academic subjects , recess , school transportation and leisure-time . Cognitive performance  was assessed using an  executive functions test of inhibition ( flanker task ) with the primary outcomes being accuracy and reaction time on congruent and incongruent trials . Secondary outcomes included mathematics performance , physical activity levels , body-mass index , waist-circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness . Results No significant difference in change , comparing the intervention group to the control group , was observed on the primary outcomes ( p’s>0.05 ) or mathematics skills ( p>0.05 ) . An intervention effect was found for cardiorespiratory fitness in girls ( 21 meters ( 95 % CI : 4.4–38.6 ) and body-mass index in boys ( -0.22 kg/m2 ( 95 % CI : -0.39–0.05 ) . Contrary to our predictions , a significantly larger change in interference control for reaction time was found in favor of the control group ( 5.0 milliseconds ( 95 % CI : 0–9 ) . Baseline to mid-intervention changes in physical activity levels did not differ significantly between groups ( all p’s>0.05 ) . Conclusions No evidence was found for effectiveness of a 20-week multi-faceted school-based physical activity intervention for enhancing executive functioning or mathematics skills compared to a control group , but low implementation fidelity precludes interpretation of the causal relationship . Trial Registration www . Clinical Trials.gov Depression is a common psychological problem in adolescence . Recent research suggests that group cognitive-behavioral interventions can reduce and prevent symptoms of depression in youth . Few studies have tested the effectiveness of such interventions when delivered by school teachers and counselors ( as opposed to research team staff ) . We evaluated the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program for adolescents ( PRP-A ) , a school-based group intervention that targets cognitive behavioral risk factors for depression . We r and omly assigned 408 middle school students ( ages 10–15 ) to one of three conditions :  PRP-A , PRP-AP ( in which  adolescents participated in PRP-A and parents were invited to attend a parent intervention component ) , or a school-as-usual control . Adolescents completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms , cognitive style , and coping at baseline , immediately after the intervention , and at 6-month follow-up . PRP-A  reduced depression symptoms relative to the school as usual control . Baseline levels of hopelessness moderated intervention effects . Among participants with average and high levels of hopelessness , PRP ( A and AP ) significantly improved depression symptoms , anxiety symptoms , hopelessness , and active coping relative to control . Among participants with low baseline hopelessness , we found no intervention effects . PRP-AP was not more effective than PRP-A alone . We found no intervention effects on clinical levels of depression or anxiety . These findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral interventions can be beneficial when delivered by school teachers and counselors . These interventions may be most helpful to students with elevated hopelessness BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal ( GI ) adverse effects are common with oral opioid treatments ; their impact on health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) is poorly understood . OBJECTIVES To estimate the extent to which GI adverse effects impact HRQoL. DESIGN 28-day prospect i ve , multicenter , observational registry . SETTING Outpatient setting s. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred thirty-nine patients with acute pain ( AP ; n = 243 ) and acute episodes of chronic pain ( CP ; pain ≥3 months ; n = 396 ) requiring treatment with a prescription medication containing oxycodone immediate-release on an as-needed basis for ≥5 days . MEASUREMENTS Modified Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale ; 12-item Short Form Health Survey ( SF-12 ) Physical ( PCS ) ; and Mental Component Scales ( MCS ) on days 3 , 7 , 14 , 21 , and 28 . Repeated measures mixed models provided estimates of impact of GI events on HRQoL. RESULTS Forty-seven percent of AP patients and 24 percent of CP patients developed constipation . More AP patients than CP developed nausea ( 31 percent vs 19 percent ) . After adjustment for confounders , constipation was associated with a 3.9-point reduction in PCS and a 2.3-point reduction in MCS among AP patients ( p < 0.0001 ) . Among AP patients , nausea/vomiting was associated with a reduction in PCS ( PCS = 3.2 ; p < 0.0001 ) and MCS ( MCS = 2.2 ; p = 0.0042 ) . Among CP patients , constipation was not associated with reductions in HRQoL , and nausea/vomiting was associated with a reduction in MCS but not PCS ( MCS = 2.4 ; p ≤ 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION GI symptoms accompanying oral opioid treatment are common and negatively affect HRQoL differentially for those with AP and CP . Effective approaches for managing opioid-induced GI symptoms are warranted BACKGROUND Enjoyment has been implicated as a determinant of physical activity among youth , but advances in underst and ing its importance have been limited by the use of measures that were not adequately vali date d. The present study examined : ( 1 ) the factorial validity of the  Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale ( PACES )  , and ( 2 ) the construct validity of PACES scores . METHODS Adolescent girls ( N=1797 ) , who were r and omly assigned to calibration ( n=899 ) and cross-validation ( n=898 ) sample s , completed the PACES and measures of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education , physical activity , and sport involvement . The factorial validity of the PACES and the measure of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis . The hypothesized relationships among the measures were tested using structural equation modeling . RESULTS Unidimensional models fit the PACES and the measure of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education in the calibration and cross-validation sample s. The hypothesized relationships between the PACES and the measures of factors influencing enjoyment of physical education , physical activity , and sport involvement were supported in the entire sample , were similar in African-American and Caucasian girls , and were independent of physical fitness . CONCLUSIONS Evidence of factorial validity and convergent evidence for construct validity indicate that the PACES is a valid measure of physical activity enjoyment among adolescent girls , suitable for use as a mediator variable in interventions design ed to increase physical activity OBJECTIVE To analyze socioeconomic indicators , physical activity ( PA ) opportunities , and behavioral correlates of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness among Brazilian boys and girls . METHODS A sample of 1555 adolescents was r and omly selected . Age- and sex-specific st and ard scores were calculated for each fitness component . RESULTS Among boys , head of household 's schooling , involvement in organized PA , meeting the PA recommendations , and computer/games use were associated with cardiorespiratory fitness . Involvement in organized PA and active time in Physical Education ( PE ) classes were predictors of muscular fitness . Among girls , active time in PE classes and TV watching were predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness . Meeting the PA recommendations was associated with muscular fitness . CONCLUSION PA variables and sedentary behaviors should be independently considered for physical fitness promotion in youth Background and objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a web-assisted computer-tailored smoking cessation intervention , an action planning ( AP ) intervention in which potential quitters were encouraged to form action plans ( e.g. , plan a quit date ) and execute them ( e.g. , remove ashtrays ) . We also investigated whether the AP intervention result ed in more AP and plan execution than a similar , control intervention without the supplementary AP component . Methods : In a r and omized controlled trial , the AP intervention ( N = 977 ) was compared with the control intervention ( N = 1,005 ) in terms of self-reported continued abstinence ( CA ) and point prevalence abstinence ( PPA ) six months after baseline .  AP , plan execution , and opinion of the intervention were measured one month after baseline . Results : Complete-case logistic regression analysis showed that the AP intervention had a significant effect on CA ( OR = 2.01 ; CI 1.08–3.84 , p = .02 ) , whereas intention-to-treat analysis showed a borderline significant effect ( OR = 1.68 ; CI .96–2.92 , p = .07 ) . Sixteen percent of the experimental group achieved CA compared to 10 % of the control group . The AP intervention had no effect on PPA . The experimental group also showed significantly more AP and plan execution at one month . Execution of plans was associated with smoking cessation . Conclusions : The effects of the AP intervention on CA , AP , and execution of plans were encouraging . The potential for widespread use of web-based interventions means that even small behavioral effects may have an impact on public health . We recommend that the intervention be intensified and improved Background and Aims : Functional gastrointestinal disorders ( FGIDs ) are common in children .  Abdominal pain ( AP ) is the most common gastrointestinal ( GI ) symptom in children . The severity of AP drives medical consultations and quality of life in adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . Thirty-eight percent of 8- to 15-year-old schoolchildren report AP weekly with 24 % of those children reporting persistence of AP > 8 weeks . Despite the high prevalence of AP , only 2 % of school children seek medical attention for AP . Lack of parental knowledge on their child 's symptoms may constitute one of the factors affecting the low ratio of consultation in children reporting AP . The aim was to assess parental reports of AP symptoms in a population of healthy community children . Methods : Data of 5 studies with identical methodology to assess GI symptoms in children with celiac disease ( CD ) , cow 's milk allergy ( CMA ) , pyloric stenosis ( PS ) , Henoch-Schönlein purpura ( HSP ) , and stem cell transplant ( SC ) and their healthy siblings were review ed : a phone question naire on GI symptoms and Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome III version question naire ( QPGS-RIII ) . Inclusion criteria were healthy children 4 to 18 years of age with a sibling previously diagnosed with CD , CMA , PS , HSP , or SC . Results : Data on 246 healthy children , mean age ( 9.8 years , range 3–24 , 112 girls ) were obtained . Parents reported presence of AP in the last 8 weeks before the telephone contact in 20 ( 8.1 % ) children ( age range 4–18 years , 11 girls ) . There was no significant difference in AP prevalence between boys and girls ( P = 0.64 ) . Six children ( 2.4 % ) met QPGS-RIII diagnostic criteria for FGIDs : 3 functional abdominal pain ( FAP ) and 3 IBS . Conclusions : AP was common in community children . FAP was the most common FGID among healthy community children . The prevalence of AP by parental report is lower than the previously published prevalence of AP reported by children . Lack of awareness of children 's symptoms may play a role in the low ratio of consultation for AP in symptomatic children . Future prospect i ve studies should confirm our findings and investigate the factors influencing the medical consultation decision including parental awareness of children 's symptoms
There is strong evidence for a positive association between CRF and cluster of PF with AP in cross-sectional studies ; and evidence from longitudinal studies for a positive association between cluster of PF and AP ; the relationship between muscular strength and flexibility with AP remains uncertain
Physical fitness ( PF ) is a construct of health- and skill-related attributes which have been associated with academic performance ( AP ) in youth .
This study aim ed to review the scientific evidence on the association among components of PF and AP  in children and adolescents .