Resveratrol levels and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults. Effects of corticosteroids on inflammatory response following cardiopulmonary bypass. Bilberry juice modulates plasma concentration of NF-κB related inflammatory markers in subjects at increased risk of CVD Aerobic exercise, but not flexibility/resistance exercise, reduces serum IL-18, CRP, and IL-6 independent of β-blockers, BMI, and psychosocial factors in older adults Effects of a 1-year supplementation with cholecalciferol on interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects. Effects of Polygonum Cuspidatum Containing Resveratrol on Inflammation in Male Professional Basketball Players Resveratrol supplementation decreases blood glucose without changing the circulating CD14+CD16+ monocytes and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Postprandial variations of plasma inflammatory markers in abdominally obese men. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on depressive symptoms and inflammatory markers in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial Effects of Antioxidant Supplements Intervention on the Level of Plasma Inflammatory Molecules and Disease Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of resveratrol in healthy smokers a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Effect of low-dose ketamine on inflammatory response in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Pravastatin immunomodulates IL-6 and C-reactive protein, but not IL-1 and TNF-alpha, in cardio-pulmonary bypass. Short-term Curcuminoid Supplementation for Chronic Pulmonary Complications due to Sulfur Mustard Intoxication: Positive Results of a Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial. Inflammatory Mediators are Altered in the Acute Phase of Posttraumatic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Resveratrol supplementation improves inflammatory biomarkers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Periodontal treatment with topical antibiotics improves glycemic control in association with elevated serum adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One-year consumption of a grape nutraceutical containing resveratrol improves the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status of patients in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Marathon Race Affects Neutrophil Surface Molecules: Role of Inflammatory Mediators Inflammatory markers and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women. Effects of exercise program on appetite-regulating hormones, inflammatory mediators, lipid profiles, and body composition in healthy men. Tear cytokine profiles in dysfunctional tear syndrome.
IMPORTANCE Resveratrol , a polyphenol found in grapes , red wine , chocolate , and certain berries and roots , is considered to have antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and anticancer effects in humans and is related to longevity in some lower organisms . OBJECTIVE To determine whether resveratrol levels achieved with diet are associated with inflammation , cancer , cardiovascular disease , and mortality in humans . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study , the Invecchiare in Chianti ( InCHIANTI ) Study ( " Aging in the Chianti Region " ) , 1998 to 2009 conducted in 2 villages in the Chianti area in a population -based sample of 783 community-dwelling men and women 65 years or older . EXPOSURES Twenty-four-hour urinary resveratrol metabolites . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality . Secondary outcomes were markers of inflammation ( serum C-reactive protein [ CRP ] , interleukin [IL]-6 , IL-1β , and tumor necrosis factor [ TNF ] ) and prevalent and incident cancer and cardiovascular disease . RESULTS Mean ( 95 % CI ) log total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentrations were 7.08 ( 6.69 - 7.48 ) nmol/g of creatinine . During 9 years of follow-up , 268 ( 34.3 % ) of the participants died . From the lowest to the highest quartile of baseline total urinary resveratrol metabolites , the proportion of participants who died from all causes was 34.4 % , 31.6 % , 33.5 % , and 37.4 % , respectively ( P = .67 ) . Participants in the lowest quartile had a hazards ratio for mortality of 0.80 ( 95 % CI , 0.54 - 1.17 ) compared with those in the highest quartile of total urinary resveratrol in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model that adjusted for potential confounders . Resveratrol levels were not significantly associated with serum CRP , IL-6 , IL-1β , TNF , prevalent or incident cardiovascular disease , or cancer . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In older community-dwelling adults , total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentration was not associated with inflammatory markers , cardiovascular disease , or cancer or predictive of all-cause mortality . Resveratrol levels achieved with a Western diet did not have a substantial influence on health status and mortality risk of the population in this study AIM To investigate the effects of corticosteroids on the reduction of inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass . METHODS Twenty patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization were r and omized into two groups , which both underwent coronary artery bypass surgery with the aid of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass . One group received a single dose of methylprednisolone prior to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass , whereas no steroid treatment was given to other group of patients . The two groups were comparable with respect to preoperative demographic data . Serum sample s from all patients were drawn preoperatively and 3 , 6 , and 24 hours after the surgical procedure . The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) , interleukin-1beta ( IL-1beta ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , as well as the white blood cell count were measured . Serum C-reactive protein concentrations ( CRP ) were determined preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively . St and ard hemodynamic measurements for both groups were collected and analyzed . RESULTS We did not find any increase in the postoperative concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in either group . The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 increased significantly in both groups , from immeasurable concentrations preoperatively to as high as 496 pg/mL for IL-6 and 128 pg/mL for IL-8 three hours after surgery . However , the observed increase was significantly smaller in the group of patients receiving methylprednisolone . CONCLUSION It seems that the administration of corticosteroids prior to the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass may alleviate the intensity of the inflammatory response , as evidence d by reduced increase in inflammatory mediators Purpose Bilberries are abundant in polyphenols . Dietary polyphenols have been associated with strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases . We investigated the effect of bilberry juice on serum and plasma biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant status in subjects with elevated levels of at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . Methods In a r and omized controlled trial , participants consumed either bilberry juice ( n = 31 ) or water ( n = 31 ) for 4 weeks . Results Supplementation with bilberry juice result ed in significant decreases in plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-15 , and monokine induced by INF-γ ( MIG ) . Unexpectedly , an increase in the plasma concentration of tumor nuclear factor-α ( TNF-α ) was observed in the bilberry group . CRP , IL-6 , IL15 , MIG , and TNF-α are all target genes of nuclear factor- kappa B ( NF-κB ) , —a transcription factor that is crucial in orchestrating inflammatory responses . Plasma quercetin and p-coumaric acid increased in the bilberry group , otherwise no differences were observed for clinical parameters , oxidative stress or antioxidant status . Furthermore , we studied the effect of polyphenols from bilberries on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation in a monocytic cell line . We observed that quercetin , epicatechin , and resveratrol inhibited NF-κB activation . Conclusions These findings suggest that supplementation with bilberry polyphenols may modulate the inflammation processes . Further testing of bilberry supplementation as a potential strategy in prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases is warranted Increased serum levels of inflammatory mediators have been associated with numerous disease states including atherosclerosis , Type II diabetes , hypertension , depression , and overall mortality . We hypothesized that a long-term exercise intervention among older adults would reduce serum inflammatory cytokines , and this reduction would be mediated , in part , by improvements in psychosocial factors and /or by beta-adrenergic receptor mechanisms . Adults age 64 were r and omly assigned to either an aerobic exercise treatment ( CARDIO ) or a flexibility/strength exercise treatment ( FLEX ) 3 days/week , 45 min/day for 10 months . A subgroup of subjects treated with non-selective beta(1)beta(2 ) adrenergic antagonists were included to evaluate the potential role of beta-adrenergic receptor adaptations as mediators of an exercise-induced change in inflammation . The inflammatory mediators [ C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , IL-6 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , and IL-18 ] and the psychosocial factors ( depression , perceived stress , optimism , sense of coherence , and social support ) were measured pre- and post-intervention . The CARDIO treatment result ed in significant reductions in serum CRP , IL-6 , and IL-18 compared to the FLEX treatment ( significant treatment x time interaction , p<.05 ) , whereas TNFalpha declined in both groups ( main effect of time , p=.001 ) . However , several psychosocial factors ( depression , optimism , and sense of coherence ) improved in both groups suggesting that the reduction of CRP , IL-6 , and IL-18 in the CARDIO group was not mediated by improvements in psychosocial scores . With respect to the potential role of beta-adrenergic receptors , both CARDIO subjects treated with beta-adrenergic antagonists and those who were not treated with those medications demonstrated similar reductions in serum CRP , IL-6 , IL-18 , and TNFalpha . In summary , we have observed that an aerobic exercise intervention can significantly reduce serum inflammatory mediators , but beta-adrenergic receptors and psychosocial factors do not appear to be involved Insufficient vitamin D status has been linked to autoimmune diseases , cancer and metabolic disorders , like obesity and insulin resistance . In vitro and animal studies suggest that vitamin D may play a crucial role in immune activation and inflammation . The relation between vitamin D and pro-inflammatory cytokines is not completely established . Furthermore , it is not known if the effect of vitamin D on entities of metabolic syndrome is mediated through its effect on cytokines or other biomarkers . The objectives of this study were to investigate if there is a relationship between vitamin D status and such pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) in patients with overweigh and obesity . We also proposed that the intervention with high dose of cholecalciferol may have effect on the cytokine levels and result in corresponding changes in the measures of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR and QUICKI ) . Serum levels of IL-6 , TNF-α and hs-CRP were measured in 332 overweight and obese subjects who completed a 1-year r and omised intervention with either 40,000 IU vitamin D ( cholecalciferol ) per week or 20,000 IU vitamin D per week  ,  or placebo .  We found significant associations between IL-6 , TNF-α , vitamin D and insulin resistance indices at baseline . One year intervention with vitamin D  decreased serum IL-6 levels ; however hs-CRP levels were significantly increased . Neither measures of insulin resistance , nor TNF-α were influenced by a 1-year vitamin D supplementation Background : Exercise can lead to acute oxidative stress , which can result in oxidative damage and induce inflammation . Resveratrol may reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines . Thus , we investigated the effects of this compound on the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) and interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) in male professional basketball players . Methods : Twenty healthy male professional basketball players were r and omized into two groups ( 10 each ) . For 6 weeks , they received daily either 200 mg of polygonum cuspidatum extract ( PCE ) st and ardized to contain 20 % trans-resveratrol equivalent to 40 mg trans-resveratrol or placebo . Indices of inflammation were measured before and after 6 weeks of supplementation . Results : There was a significant reduction in plasma levels of TNF-a and IL-6 after 6 weeks of supplementation ; while no change was observed in these markers in the control group . Conclusions : Present study shows that 6 weeks of PCE containing resveratrol supplementation reduces the inflammation in male professional basketball players Chronic low- grade inflammation is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . Although in vitro and animal studies have shown that resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory effects , clinical trials addressing these effects in patients with T2D are limited . Therefore , in the present study , we hypothesized that supplementation of resveratrol might improve inflammatory markers in patients with T2D in a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . A total of 45 T2D patients were supplemented with either of 800 mg/d resveratrol or placebo capsules for 8 weeks . Percentage of CD14+CD16 + monocytes , plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines ( tumor necrosis factor α , interleukin [ IL ] 1β , IL-6 , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ) , the expression levels of genes involved in the inflammatory responses ( toll-like receptor 2 , toll-like receptor 4 , and nuclear factor κB ) , lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine ( tumor necrosis factor α , IL-1β , and IL-6 ) secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells , and metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed at both the baseline level and the end of the study . Compared with the placebo group , we could not detect any significant difference in the percentage of CD14+CD16 + monocytes , lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion , plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines , and the expression of inflammatory genes in resveratrol group . Moreover , we did not find any significant change in the metabolic and anthropometric parameters except for a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and blood pressure . In conclusion , 8-week supplementation of resveratrol reduces blood glucose level in patients with T2D without improving their inflammatory markers OBJECTIVE Abdominal obesity is associated with a fasting proinflammatory condition . However , not much is known of the potential variations in circulating inflammatory markers after food intake . The purpose of the present study was to examine postpr and ial changes in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha , interleukin (IL)-6 , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) concentrations in men and their potential associations with fat distribution and metabolic profile variables . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirty-eight men were given a high-fat meal in the morning after an overnight fast , and TNF-alpha , IL-6 , and CRP levels were measured in plasma at 0 , 4 , and 8 hours after the meal . Physical and metabolic profiles were also assessed for each participant . RESULTS We observed a substantial increase in circulating IL-6 levels ( p < 0.0001 ) after the meal . Although postpr and ial variations in circulating TNF-alpha levels across time failed to reach statistical significance ( p = 0.02 ) , we noted a significant decrease in plasma TNF-alpha concentrations 4 hours ( -10 % , p < 0.001 vs. 0 hours ) after food intake . Plasma CRP levels were not affected by the fat load . We also noted that insulin-sensitive individuals displayed a less pronounced inflammatory response after food intake than insulin-resistant subjects . DISCUSSION Results of the present study show that consumption of a high-fat meal leads to an increase in plasma IL-6 concentrations and transient decrease in circulating TNF-alpha levels in overweight men . Our results suggest a possible role of insulin resistance in the modulation of the postpr and ial inflammatory response , which could , in turn , contribute to worsen the state of insulin resistance Purpose This study was design ed to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on depression and chronic inflammation in hemodialysis patients . Method Fifty-four maintenance hemodialysis patients were r and omized to ingest two omega-3 ( each containing 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid ) or placebo capsules , three times daily for 4 months . Main outcome measures : Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) score and serum levels of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-10 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , ferritin , intact parathyroid hormone ( iPTH ) , and ratios of IL-10 to IL-6 and IL-10 to TNF-α were measured at baseline and at the end of the study . Results Omega-3 supplement  lowered BDI score significantly after 4 months of intervention . Among pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators , only serum ferritin level and IL-10 to IL-6 ratio showed significant changes in favor of omega-3 supplement during the study . In linear regression model adjusted for baseline values , omega-3 treatment was a significant predictor of reduced serum CRP , ferritin , and iPTH levels , and increased IL-10 to IL-6 ratio . No significant association was found between the anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant effects  of omega-3 supplement . Conclusions Supplemental use of omega-3 fatty acids decreases depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients apart from their anti-inflammatory effects Objective : Excess generation of reactive oxygen species in damaged joints accelerates inflammatory responses in RA ( rheumatoid arthritis ) patients . The complementary effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the blood level of inflammatory mediators and the severity of the disease in RA patients were evaluated . Study Design and Setting s : The study was conducted as a r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , three-treatment cross-over design trial . The participants visited the hospital as out patients . Subjects : Twenty patients meeting the 1987 criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis completed the study . Interventions : The subjects were r and omized in three groups to receive one of following supplementation ; quercetin+vitamin C ( 166mg+133mg/capsule ) , α-lipoic acid ( 300mg/capsule ) or placebo for 4 weeks ( 3 capsules/day ) . Each treatment period consisted of 4 weeks with 2 weeks of wash-out period before the subject starts next supplementation . Outcome Parameters : Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α ) , interleukin-1β(IL-1β ) , interleukin -6(IL-6 ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) were measured . The severity of disease was evaluated using Korean Health Assessment Question naire(KHAQ ) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS ) . Nutrient intake was measured at baseline and at the end of each intervention period . Results : The mean energy and nutrient intakes remained constant during study period . No significant differences were found in the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CRP between treatments . The scores of disease severity measurements were not significantly different between treatments , although quercetin supplementation had a tendency to reduce VAS . Conclusions : Dietary supplementation of antioxidants at 900 mg/day for 4 weeks did not change the blood biomarkers of inflammation and disease severity of RA patients under conventional medical treatments . Further considerations for dose-response relationships , duration of supplementation , and susceptible biomarkers are required OBJECTIVE Smokers are characterized by a low- grade systemic inflammatory state and an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance . Few human studies were conducted on the effects of resveratrol , a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties , and no trial on smokers has been performed to date . We evaluated whether resveratrol has beneficial effects on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in smokers . METHODS AND RESULTS A r and omized , double- blind , cross-over trial was performed in 50 healthy adult smokers : 25 were r and omly allocated to " resveratrol-first " ( 30-days : 500 mg resveratrol/day , 30-days wash-out , 30-days placebo ) and 25 to " placebo-first " ( 30-days placebo , 30-days wash-out , 30-days 500 mg resveratrol/day ) . Resveratrol significantly reduced C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and triglyceride concentrations , and increased Total Antioxidant Status ( TAS ) values . After analyzing data with general linear models to assess period and carry-over effects , the ratios of the values after resveratrol to those after placebo were respectively : 0.47 ( 95%CI 0.38 - 0.59 ) -CRP- and 0.71 ( 95%CI 0.65 - 0.78 ) -triglycerides- , while TAS increased by 74.2 μmol/L ( 95%CI 60.8 - 87.6 ) . Uric acid , glucose , insulin , cholesterol , liver enzyme concentrations , and weight , waist circumference , and blood pressure values did not significantly change after resveratrol supplementation . CONCLUSIONS Because resveratrol has anti-inflammatory , anti-oxidant , and hypotriglyceridemic effects , its supplementation may beneficially affect the increased cardiovascular risk of healthy smokers BACKGROUND Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery ( OPCAB ) is still associated with a marked systemic inflammatory response . The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-emptive , low dose of ketamine , which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity in on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery , could reduce inflammatory response in low-risk patients undergoing OPCAB . METHODS In this prospect i ve r and omized-controlled trial , 50 patients with stable angina and preserved myocardial function undergoing OPCAB were r and omly assigned to receive either 0.5 mg kg(-1 ) of ketamine ( Ketamine group , n=25 ) or normal saline ( Control group , n=25 ) during induction of anaesthesia . Inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin (IL)-6 , tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) , and cardiac enzymes were measured previous to induction ( T1 ) , 4 h after surgery ( T2 ) , and the first and second days after the surgery ( T3 and T4 ) . RESULTS There were no significant intergroup differences in the serum concentrations of the CRP , IL-6 , and TNF-alpha and cardiac enzymes . Pro-inflammatory markers and cardiac enzymes , except TNF-alpha , were all increased after the surgery compared with baseline values in both groups . CONCLUSIONS Low-dose ketamine administered during anaesthesia induction did not exert any evident anti-inflammatory effect in terms of reducing the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers in low-risk patients undergoing OPCAB BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease . We previously reported that a diet high in alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA ) reduces lipid and inflammatory cardiovascular disease risk factors in hypercholesterolemic subjects . OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of a diet high in ALA on serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and cytokine production by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) from subjects fed the experimental diets . DESIGN A r and omized , controlled , 3-diet , 3-period crossover study design was used . Hypercholesterolemic subjects ( n = 23 ) were assigned to 3 experimental diets : a diet high in ALA ( ALA diet ; 6.5 % of energy ) , a diet high in linoleic acid ( LA diet ; 12.6 % of energy ) , and an average American diet ( AAD ) for 6 wk . Serum interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-1beta , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) concentrations and the production of IL-6 , IL-1beta , and TNF-alpha by P BMC s were measured . RESULTS IL-6 , IL-1beta , and TNF-alpha production by P BMC s and serum TNF-alpha concentrations were lower ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.08 , respectively ) with the ALA diet than with the LA diet or AAD .  P BMC production of TNF-alpha was inversely correlated with ALA ( r = -0.402 , P = 0.07 ) and with eicosapentaenoic acid ( r = -0.476 , P = 0.03 ) concentrations in P BMC lipids with the ALA diet . Changes in serum ALA were inversely correlated with changes in TNF-alpha produced by P BMC s ( r = -0.423 , P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Increased intakes of dietary ALA elicit antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting IL-6 , IL-1beta , and TNF-alpha production in cultured P BMC s. Changes in P BMC ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid ( derived from dietary ALA ) are associated with beneficial changes in TNF-alpha release . Thus , the cardioprotective effects of ALA are mediated in part by a reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines BACKGROUND While statins are increasingly used in cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) , the anti-inflammatory effects of individual statins , within the context of various treatment regimes , need further examination . The present study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of the short-term , preoperative and intensive postoperative use of pravastatin in CPB . METHOD Forty three patients undergoing CPB were enrolled in a r and omized , prospect i ve clinical study . One group ( n = 21 ) , received pravastatin , the other ( n = 22 ) did not . Patients in the pravastatin group received one dose of 40 mg per day for nine days , starting 48 hours before CPB , with an additional dose of 40 mg one hour after surgery . Plasma levels of selected inflammatory mediators were measured at baseline and tracked systematic ally . RESULTS Pravastatin reduced postoperative interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) levels significantly at 24 and 48 hours , and at seven days . Mean + /- SD values , for treated versus untreated patients were : at 24 hours , 159.5 + /- 58.5 versus 251.2 + /- 53.0 pg/mL ( p < 0.001 ) ; at 48 hours , 81.9 + /- 31.5 versus 194.2 + /- 56.3 pg/mL ( p < 0.001 ) ; and at seven days , 16.4 + /- 7.2 versus 30.8 + /- 12.6 ( p < 0.001 ) . C-reactive protein ( CRP ) decreased significantly on the seventh postoperative day , when plasma levels were 3.6 + /- 1.1 in the treated patients versus 8.2 + /- 2.1 mg/dL in the controls ( p < 0.001 ) . No changes in plasma IL-1 and TNF-alpha were found during entire study . CONCLUSIONS Pravastatin induced a precocious modulation of IL-6 expression and a later reduction of plasma CRP levels .  Pravastatin;s effects on the expression of these pivotal inflammatory mediators strongly support its well-timed use in CPB Pulmonary problems are among the most frequent chronic complications of sulfur mustard ( SM ) intoxication and are often accompanied by deregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines . Curcuminoids , comprising curcumin , demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin , are phytochemicals with remarkable anti-inflammatory properties that are derived from dried rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa L. ( turmeric ) . The present pilot study aim ed to investigate the clinical effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on markers of pulmonary function and systemic inflammation in SM-intoxicated subjects . In a r and omized double-blind placebo-controlled trial , 89 male subjects who were suffering from chronic SM-induced pulmonary complications were recruited and assigned to either curcuminoids ( 500 mg TID per oral ; n=45 ) or placebo ( n=44 ) for a period of 4 weeks . Efficacy measures were changes in the spirometric parameters ( FVC , FEV1 , FEV1/FVC ) and serum levels of inflammatory mediators including interleukins 6 ( IL-6 ) and 8 ( IL-8 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNFα ) , transforming growth factor-β ( TGFβ ) , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , calcitonin gene related peptide ( CGRP ) , substance P and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) . 78 subjects completed the trial .  Although FEV1 and FVC remained comparable between the groups , there was a greater effect of curcuminoids vs. placebo in improving FEV1/FVC ( p=0.002 ) . Curcuminoids were also significantly more efficacious compared to placebo in modulating all assessed inflammatory mediators : IL-6 ( p<0.001 ) , IL-8 ( p=0.035 ) , TNFα ( p<0.001 ) , TGFβ ( p<0.001 ) , substance P ( p=0.016 ) , hs-CRP ( p<0.001 ) , CGRP ( p<0.001 ) and MCP-1 ( p<0.001 ) . Curcuminoids  were safe and well-tolerated throughout the trial . Short-term adjunctive therapy with curcuminoids  can suppress systemic inflammation in patients suffering from SM-induced chronic pulmonary complications Objectives Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 ( CRPS 1 ) is a disorder that can affect an extremity after minor trauma or surgery . The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear . It has clinical signs of severe local inflammation as a result of an exaggerated inflammatory response , but neurogenic dysregulation also may contribute to it . Methods For further insights into the pathogenesis of CRPS 1 , the authors investigated inflammatory and neurogenic mediators — C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I/II ( sTNFR I/II ) ,  sE-selectin , sL-selectin , sP-selectin , substance P , neuropeptide Y , and calcitonin gene-related peptide — in  venous blood  from both the healthy arm and the arm with acute CRPS I from 25 patients and from 30 healthy volunteers . Results Levels of IL-8 and sTNFR I/II were significantly elevated in patients , whereas all soluble forms of selectins were significantly suppressed . There was no significant difference in white blood cell count ( WBC ) , CRP , and IL-6 . Substance P was significantly elevated in patients . The other two neuropeptides were unchanged . None of the parameters studied showed any differences between the CRPS I-affected arm and the normal arm . Conclusions Elevated IL-8 and sTNFR I/II levels indicate an association between CRPS I and an inflammatory process . Normal WBC , CRP , and IL-6 give evidence for localized inflammation . The hypothesis of neurogenic-induced inflammation mediated by neuropeptides is supported by elevated substance P levels Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world . Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant capacity that shows beneficial effects on down-regulation of inflammatory mediators and metabolic disorders . We hypothesized that supplementation with resveratrol can further improve the efficacy of lifestyle modifications in the management of NAFLD . In this r and omized , double-blinded , controlled clinical trial , 50 NAFLD patients were supplemented with either a 500-mg resveratrol capsule or a placebo capsule for 12 weeks . Both groups were advised to follow an energy-balanced diet and received physical activity recommendations  . Serum liver enzymes , inflammatory markers , hepatic steatosis and fibrosis , dietary intake , anthropometric measurements , and physical activity were assessed at both baseline and the end of the study . In both groups , anthropometric measurements ( weight , body mass index , waist circumference ) , liver enzymes , and steatosis grade improved ( P < 005 ) . Resveratrol supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase , inflammatory cytokines , nuclear factor κB activity , serum cytokeratin-18 , and hepatic steatosis grade , as compared with placebo supplementation ( P < .05 ) . For the treatment of NAFLD , our results showed that 12 weeks of supplementation of 500 mg resveratrol , along with lifestyle modification , is superior to lifestyle modification alone . This is at least partially due to the attenuation of inflammatory markers and hepatocellular apoptosis . More studies are needed to confirm and increase the clinical application of the present results OBJECTIVES Chronic inflammation of periodontitis aggravates glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients through aggravation of insulin resistance . Increased or decreased release of various inflammatory mediators , such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α , interleukin (IL)-6 and adipokines , such as adiponectin , leptin , and resistin , are presumed to be responsible for developing and progressing insulin resistance . The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of periodontal treatment on glycemic control , serum inflammatory mediators and adipokines in type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis . METHODS Twenty-one type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis received periodontal treatment with topical antibiotics ( intervention group ) and 8 patients did not receive periodontal treatment ( control group )  . Periodontal examination , including probing pocket depth ( PPD ) and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , and blood sampling  were performed at baseline , 2 and 6 months after periodontal treatments . Glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , hs-CRP , TNF-α , IL-6 , adiponectin , leptin , and resistin were analyzed . RESULTS In the intervention group , improvements of PPD and BOP , decrease in HbA1c and elevation of serum adiponectin were observed , while in the control group , all parameters were not changed . Generalized linear model revealed that changes of serum adiponectin and TNF-α and change of BOP correlated significantly with the reduction of HbA1c at 6 months after periodontal treatments . CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that periodontal treatment improves periodontal status and glycemic control with elevation of serum adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients . The results suggest that HbA1c is reduced by amelioration of insulin resistance due to elevated serum adiponectin after periodontal treatments The search for complementary treatments in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is a high-priority challenge . Grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol confers CV benefits , in part by exerting anti-inflammatory effects . However , the evidence in human long-term clinical trials has yet to be established . We aim ed to investigate the effects of a dietary resveratrol-rich grape supplement on the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status of subjects at high risk of CVD and treated according to current guidelines for primary prevention of CVD . Seventy-five patients undergoing primary prevention of CVD participated in this triple-blinded , r and omized , parallel , dose-response , placebo-controlled , 1-year follow-up trial . Patients , allocated in 3 groups , consumed placebo ( maltodextrin ) , a resveratrol-rich grape supplement ( resveratrol 8 mg ) , or a conventional grape supplement lacking resveratrol , for the first 6 months and a double dose for the next 6 months . In contrast to placebo and conventional grape supplement , the resveratrol-rich grape supplement  significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( -26 % , p = 0.03 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( -19.8 % , p = 0.01 ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( -16.8 % , p = 0.03 ) , and interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio ( -24 % , p = 0.04 ) and increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 ( 19.8 % , p = 0.00 ) . Adiponectin ( 6.5 % , p = 0.07 ) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( -5.7 % , p = 0.06 ) tended to increase and decrease , respectively . No adverse effects were observed in any patient . In conclusion , 1-year consumption of a resveratrol-rich grape supplement  improved the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in patients who were on statins for primary prevention of CVD and at high CVD risk ( i.e. , with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia plus ≥1 other CV risk factor ) . Our results show for the first time that a dietary intervention with grape resveratrol could complement the gold st and ard therapy in the primary prevention of CVD The fatigue induced by marathon races was observed in terms of inflammatory and immunological outcomes . Neutrophil survival and activation are essential for inflammation resolution and contributes directly to the pathogenesis of many infectious and inflammatory conditions . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of marathon races on surface molecules related to neutrophil adhesion and extrinsic apoptosis pathway and its association with inflammatory markers . We evaluated 23 trained male runners at the São Paulo International Marathon 2013 . The following components were measured : hematological and inflammatory mediators , muscle damage markers , and neutrophil function . The marathon race induced an increased leukocyte and neutrophil counts ; creatine kinase ( CK ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , CK-MB , interleukin (IL)-6 , IL-10 , and IL-8 levels . C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , IL-12 , and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plasma concentrations were significantly higher 24 h and 72 h after the marathon race . Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels decreased 72 h after the marathon race . We also observed an increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) expression and decreasedTNF receptor-1 ( TNFR1 ) expression immediately after and 24 h after the marathon race . We observed an increased DNA fragmentation and L-selectin and Fas receptor expressions in the recovery period , indicating a possible slow rolling phase and delayed neutrophil activation and apoptosis . Marathon racing affects neutrophils adhesion and survival in the course of inflammation , supporting the “ open-window ” post-exercise hypothesis We conducted a prospect i ve , nested , case-control study of inflammatory markers as predictors of  type 2 diabetes among 32,826 women who provided blood sample s in 1989 through 1990 in the Nurses ' Health Study . Among women free of diabetes , cardiovascular disease , or cancer at baseline , 737 had developed diabetes by 2000 . Control women ( n = 785 ) were selected matched on age , fasting status , race , and BMI for cases in the top BMI decile . Baseline levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptor 2 , interleukin (IL)-6 , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) were significantly higher among case than control subjects ( all P < /= 0.001 ) . After adjusting for BMI and other lifestyle factors , all three biomarkers significantly predicted diabetes risk ; the odds ratios ( ORs ) comparing extreme quintiles were 1.64 ( 95 % CI 1.10 - 2.45 ) for TNF-alphaR2 , 1.91 ( 1.27 - 2.86 ) for IL-6 , and 4.36 ( 2.80 - 6.80 ) for CRP ( P for trend < 0.001 for all biomarkers ) . In a multivariate model simultaneously including the three biomarkers , only CRP levels were significantly associated with risk of diabetes ( OR comparing extreme quintiles of CRP = 3.99 , P for trend < 0.001 ) . These data support the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes . Elevated CRP levels are a strong independent predictor of type 2 diabetes and may mediate associations of TNF-alphaR2 and IL-6 with type 2 diabetes AIM Exercise can improve appetite , inflammatory mediators , lipid profiles , and body composition in overweight or obese patients . However , it has not yet been clearly eluci date d how exercise affects healthy people in relation to these variables . Thus , we investigated the effects of an exercise program on appetite-regulating hormones , inflammatory mediators , lipid profiles , and body composition in healthy men . METHODS Thirty sedentary men were recruited and r and omly assigned to two groups ( exercise group , EG , N.=15 and control group , CG , N.=15 ) . Total plasma ghrelin , leptin , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) , and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunoassay . Total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C and LDL-C ) were determined by enzymatic assay . Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis . RESULTS After 8 weeks , the ghrelin and leptin levels of CG showed a tendency to increase , whereas those of EG were significantly decreased . Although TNF-α and CRP , except for IL-6 , showed a tendency to increase in CG , all three tended to decrease in EG after 8 weeks . TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in CG . The TC , TG , and LDL-C levels of EG were remarkably decreased , whereas HDL-C was significantly increased . In EG , body weight , fat mass , percent fat , and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased , whereas muscle mass was significantly increased after 8 weeks . CONCLUSION The present study results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of an exercise program by altering appetite-regulating hormones , decreasing inflammatory factors , and improving lipid profiles and body composition in healthy young men PURPOSE To compare tear cytokine and chemokine concentrations in asymptomatic control and Dysfunctional Tear syndrome ( DTS ) patients and determine the correlations between tear inflammatory mediators and clinical severity . DESIGN Prospect i ve observational cohort study . METHODS Concentrations of epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) , interleukin (IL)-1 alpha ( 1alpha ) , 1 beta ( 1beta ) , 6 , 10 , 12 , and 13 , interferon gamma ( IFN-gamma ) , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) , and chemokines : IL-8 ( CXC ) ; macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha ( MIP-1alpha ) ( CCL3 ) ; and regulated upon activation , normal T-cell expressed and secreted ( RANTES CCL5 ) were measured by a multiplex immunobead assay in an asymptomatic control group and DTS patients with and without meibomian gl and disease ( MGD ) . Spearman correlations between tear cytokines and severity of irritation symptoms and ocular surface signs were calculated . RESULTS Tear concentrations of IL-6 , IL-8 and TNF-alpha were significantly higher in DTS with and without MGD and EGF was significantly reduced in the DTS without MGD group compared with the control group . MIP-1alpha was greater in entire DTS and DTS without MGD groups than the control group and RANTES was greater in DTS with MGD than the control and DTS without MGD groups . IL-12 was significantly higher in the DTS with MGD than the DTS without MGD subgroup . Significant correlations were observed between IL-6 and irritation symptoms and between a number of cytokines and chemokines and clinical parameters . CONCLUSIONS As predicted , patients with DTS have higher levels of inflammatory mediators in their tears that show correlation with clinical disease parameters . Furthermore , different tear cytokine/chemokine profiles were observed in DTS patients with and without MGD groups
Conclusion The analysis indicated possible decreasing effect of resveratrol on CRP , but it might not be able to change IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations .
Background Resveratrol as a polyphenolic compound might be able to reduce inflammatory mediators .
Change in inflammatory state is identified by the measurement of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) .
The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis on r and omized controlled trials that assessed the effect of resveratrol on concentration of serum inflammatory mediators .