few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Topic options: 
A. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
B. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
C. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
F. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
G. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
J. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
K. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.


Your response:
{
  "explanation": "This task involves learning addition, which is a mathematical operation, using objects.",
  "answer": "F"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Topic options: 
A. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
B. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
C. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
D. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
E. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
F. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
G. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
H. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
I. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
J. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
K. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.


Your response:
{
  "explanation": "In this problem, students learn to understand fractions as numbers by comparing their sizes.",
  "answer": "G"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Topic options: 
A. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
B. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
C. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
D. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
E. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
F. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
G. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
H. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
I. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
J. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
K. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.


Your response:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems involves performing operations, specifically multiplication, on multi-digit whole numbers in base ten.",
  "answer": "D"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
problem_activity: Activity
Students observe that the angle formed by connecting endpoints of a diameter to a third point on the circle appears to be a right angle. They confirm that this is true for a few particular points, then write a conjecture. This conjecture will be generalized in an upcoming unit.
Monitor for different ways that students word the conjecture to highlight during the discussion. Listen for terms such as
diameter
,
endpoints
,
right triangle
, and
right angle
. The term
chord
will be defined in a subsequent unit. It is not necessary to define it here.
This activity works best when each student has access to devices that can use the embedded applet because students will benefit from seeing the relationship in a dynamic way. If students don’t have individual access, projecting the applet would be helpful during the synthesis.
Digital
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 4. Provide access to internet-enabled devices, ideally one per group. Distribute one index card with each internet-enabled device.
Conversing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students work on this activity, listen for and collect the language students use to justify why the angle formed by segments
\(BD\)
and
\(CD\)
is a right angle. Write the students’ words and phrases on a visual display. As students review the visual display, ask them to revise and improve how ideas are communicated. For example, a phrase such as, “The lines make 90 degrees because they have opposite slopes” can be improved by restating it as “Segments
\(BD\)
and
\(CD\)
are perpendicular because their slopes are opposite reciprocals.” This will help students use the mathematical language necessary to precisely justify why the measure of the angle formed by segments
\(BD\)
and
\(CD\)
is 90 degrees.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for justification); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
Use the applet to answer the questions.
First, observe and describe the image:
What kind of line is
\(BC\)
in reference to the circle?
What does the measurement of angle
\(BDC\)
appear to be?
Move point
\(D\)
around. How does the measurement of angle
\(BDC\)
appear to change? Use a corner of the index card to compare the size of the angle as it moves.
Move point
\(D\)
to a location with integer coordinates. Each student in the group should choose a different spot for
\(D\)
. Calculate the slopes of segments
\(BC\)
and
\(BD\)
. What do your results tell you?
Now select the button labeled “slopes.” This will show the slopes of
\(BD\)
and
\(BC\)
and their product. Move point
\(D\)
around. What do you notice about the product of the slopes?
Based on the results, write a conjecture that captures what you are seeing.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 4.
Conversing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students work on this activity, listen for and collect the language students use to justify why the angle formed by segments
\(BD\)
and
\(CD\)
is a right angle. Write the students’ words and phrases on a visual display. As students review the visual display, ask them to revise and improve how ideas are communicated. For example, a phrase such as, “The lines make 90 degrees because they have opposite slopes” can be improved by restating it as “Segments
\(BD\)
and
\(CD\)
are perpendicular because their slopes are opposite reciprocals.” This will help students use the mathematical language necessary to precisely justify why the measure of the angle formed by segments
\(BD\)
and
\(CD\)
is 90 degrees.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for justification); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
The image shows a circle with several points plotted on the circle.
[IMG]
What kind of segment is
\(BC\)
in reference to the circle?
Choose one of the plotted points on the circle and call it
\(D\)
. Each student in the group should choose a different point. Draw segments
\(BD\)
and
\(DC\)
. What does the measure of angle
\(BDC\)
appear to be?
Calculate the slopes of segments
\(BD\)
and
\(DC\)
. What do your results tell you?
Compare your results to those of others in your group. What did they find?
Based on your group’s results, write a conjecture that captures what you are seeing.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Ask previously identified groups to share their conjectures. Challenge students to decide whether all the conjectures are saying the same thing, and if any of the conjectures need to be refined. Encourage students to respectfully disagree, ask for clarification, or point out contradicting information.
There are many ways to correctly word the conjecture. As students work to refine the wording, be sure that the word
diameter
is included, that it’s clear that 2 points are at the endpoints of the diameter, and that the third point is clearly somewhere else on the circle. Students may describe the result as 2 segments that form a right angle or 3 segments that form a right triangle.
Once the conjecture is finalized, ask students if they have proven it (they have not; they’ve just shown it’s true for a few particular cases). Tell students that we will look at a more general case of this assertion in an upcoming unit.
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication.
Invite students to talk about their ideas with a partner. Display sentence frames, such as: “How did you develop your conjecture?” and “I chose this conjecture because. . . .” to support students when they explain their ideas.
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization


correct_option_index: 2