options: Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”

Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)

Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
problem_activity: Activity
Students continue to use diagrams to represent the ratio of ingredients in a recipe as well as mixtures that contain multiple batches. They come to understand that a change in the number of batches changes the quantities of the ingredients, but the end product tastes the same. They then use this observation to come up with a working definition for equivalent ratio.
Launch
Launch the task with a scenario and a question: “Let’s say you are planning to make cookies using your favorite recipe, and you’re going to ‘double the recipe.’ What does it mean to double a recipe?”
There are a few things you want to draw out in this conversation:
If we double a recipe, we need to double the amount of
every ingredient
. If the recipe calls for 3 eggs, doubling it means using 6 eggs. If the recipe calls for
\(\frac13\)
teaspoon of baking soda, we use
\(\frac23\)
teaspoon of baking soda, etc.
We expect to end up with twice as many cookies when we double the recipe as we would when making a single batch.
However, we expect the cookies from 2 batches of a recipe to taste
exactly the same
as those from a single batch.
Tell students they will now think about making different numbers of batches of a cookie recipe.
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Encourage and support opportunities for peer interactions. Invite students to talk about their ideas with a partner before writing them down. Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their strategy. For example, "I noticed _____, so I . . .", "In my diagram, _____ represents . . .", and “To find an equivalent ratio, first I _____ because . . . .” This will help students produce mathematical language as they make sense of equivalent ratios using diagrams.
Supports accessibility for: Language; Social-emotional skills
Student Facing
A recipe for one batch of cookies calls for 5 cups of flour and 2 teaspoons of vanilla.
Draw a diagram that shows the amount of flour and vanilla needed for
two
batches of cookies.
How many batches can you make with 15 cups of flour and 6 teaspoons of vanilla? Show the additional batches by adding more ingredients to your diagram.
How much flour and vanilla would you need for 5 batches of cookies?
Whether the ratio of cups of flour to teaspoons of vanilla is
\(5:2\)
,
\(10:4\)
, or
\(15:6\)
, the recipes would make cookies that taste the same. We call these
equivalent ratios
.
Find another ratio of cups of flour to teaspoons of vanilla that is equivalent to these ratios.
How many batches can you make using this new ratio of ingredients?
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
For the fourth question, students may not multiply both the amount of flour and the amount of vanilla by the same number. If this happens, refer students to the previous questions in noting that the amount of each ingredient was changed in the same way.
Activity Synthesis
Invite a few students to share their responses and diagrams with the class. A key point to emphasize during discussion is that when we double (or triple) a recipe, we also have to double (or triple) each ingredient. Record a working (but not final) definition for equivalent ratio that can be displayed for at least the next several lessons. Here is an example: “Cups of flour and teaspoons of vanilla in the ratio
\(5:2\)
,
\(10:4\)
, or
\(15:6\)
are equivalent ratios because they describe different numbers of batches of the same recipe.” Include a diagram in this display.


correct_option_index: 0