few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Your response:
Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Your response:
Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Your response:
Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems.

Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles.

Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students begin to build their own table of trigonometric ratios (ratios of side lengths in right triangles, by angle measure of one acute angle). For now, call this the right triangle table so students remember these ratios only apply to right triangles. Building these ratios from the similar triangles they are based on helps students build connections between similar triangles and trigonometry.
Measuring several examples of triangles with the same angle measurements is essential in both the digital and paper versions of this activity. In the paper version, it provides more data points to get a more accurate ratio for the given angle. In both versions, it helps students understand that all right triangles with their angle as one of the angles will be similar and thus have the same ratios.
In the next activity and the cool-down of this lesson, students will look for patterns in the right triangle table, and also apply the ratios in the right triangle table to find unknown angle measures given a ratio of side lengths. Do not use the word trigonometry or any of the names of the ratios yet.
Digital
Launch
Provide access to devices that can run GeoGebra. Students will be working with the applet at
ggbm.at/bfxeb6cr
.
Arrange students in groups of 2-4. Invite students to create a spreadsheet to organize their data and perform calculations. Students can access a GeoGebra spreadsheet in the math tool kit or at
geogebra.org/spreadsheet
. For students needing extra support, consider providing this spreadsheet for them to use:
ggbm.at/jvvqrngb
.
Assign each group a pair of complementary angles. If students did the optional lesson choose to skip 30 and 60 or to give them to a group that needs extra practice.
Explain to students that the computer measurement is precise to at least the ten-thousandths place, but the thousandths place is sufficient for our needs.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. For example color code the side adjacent to angle
\(A\)
, the side opposite angle
\(A\)
, and the hypotenuse.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing.
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you some angles.
Use the applet to build 4 different right triangles for each of your angles.
Record the side lengths of each of the triangles.
Compute these 3 quotients for the acute angles in each triangle:
The length of the leg adjacent to your angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse
The length of the leg opposite from your angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse
The length of the leg opposite from your angle divided by the length of the leg adjacent to your angle
Find the mean of each type of quotient.
What do you notice? What do you wonder?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 3-4. Give each group a copy of the blackline master to complete.
Assign each group a pair of complementary angles. If students did the optional lesson choose to skip 30 and 60 or to give them to a group that needs extra practice.
Discuss rounding with students before they begin. Ask students whether it makes sense to measure the short side of a triangle as about 5.2 cm and the hypotenuse as pretty close to 7.1 cm and then report that the ratio of the short side to the hypotenuse is exactly 0.73239437. (No, that's too many digits to report.)
Explain to students that the rule of thumb used by scientists is that if your measurements have two digits then your calculated answer should have two digits as well. For example, if your tools measure to the tenths place, say 5.2 cm, so that your measurements have one digit you’re confident in - the 5 in the one’s place, and one digit you may have had to estimate a bit - the 2 in the tenths place, then your answer should be rounded to two digits - 0.73. In the case where the number starts with a zero we count digits starting at the first non-zero digit, so in this case we will round to the hundredths place.
As students finish their measurements, have them find the mean of each column and record that on the class Right Triangle Table.
Check students’ mean data before they enter it to ensure that it is close to the actual values:
|   angle    | adjacent leg                           \(\div\)                          hypotenuse | opposite leg                           \(\div\)                          hypotenuse | opposite leg                           \(\div\)                          adjacent leg |
|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 10 degrees |                                        0.985                                        |                                        0.174                                        |                                         0.176                                         |
| 20 degrees |                                        0.940                                        |                                        0.342                                        |                                         0.364                                         |
| 30 degrees |                                        0.866                                        |                                        0.500                                        |                                         0.577                                         |
| 40 degrees |                                        0.766                                        |                                        0.643                                        |                                         0.839                                         |
| 50 degrees |                                        0.643                                        |                                        0.766                                        |                                         1.192                                         |
| 60 degrees |                                        0.500                                        |                                        0.866                                        |                                         1.732                                         |
| 70 degrees |                                        0.342                                        |                                        0.940                                        |                                         2.747                                         |
| 80 degrees |                                        0.174                                        |                                        0.985                                        |                                         5.671                                         |
This table is needed for the next activity, so it should be recorded to display at that time.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. For example color code the side adjacent to angle
\(A\)
, the side opposite angle
\(A\)
, and the hypotenuse.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing.
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you some angles.
Draw several right triangles using the angles you receive.
Precisely measure the side lengths of the triangles.
Complete the tables by computing 3 quotients for the acute angles in each triangle:
The length of the leg adjacent to your angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse
The length of the leg opposite from your angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse
The length of the leg opposite from your angle divided by the length of the leg adjacent to your angle
Find the mean of each column in your table.
What do you notice about your table? What do you wonder about your table?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students might struggle to identify opposite and adjacent legs. Prompt students to highlight the angle in question to accurately identify sides. If you point to “your angle” then the leg you are touching is adjacent and the leg you are not touching is opposite. The hypotenuse is always the longest side.
[IMG]
Activity Synthesis
Invite groups to share what they noticed and wondered about their data. (Each ratio is about the same for the angle. The ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse for angle
\(A\)
is the same as the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse for angle
\(B\)
.)
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Give students additional time to make sure that everyone in their group can explain what they noticed and wondered about the relationships between the quantities represented in the table. Invite groups to rehearse what they will say when they share with the whole class. Rehearsing provides students with additional opportunities to speak and clarify their thinking, and will improve the quality of explanations shared during the whole-class discussion.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Cultivate conversation


correct_option_index: 2