few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Topic options: 
A. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
B. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
C. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
F. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
G. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
J. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
K. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.


Your response:
Thought: This task involves learning addition, which is a mathematical operation, using objects.
Answer: F

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Topic options: 
A. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
B. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
C. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
D. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
E. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
F. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
G. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
H. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
I. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
J. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
K. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.


Your response:
Thought: In this problem, students learn to understand fractions as numbers by comparing their sizes.
Answer: G

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Topic options: 
A. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
B. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
C. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
D. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
E. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
F. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
G. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
H. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
I. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
J. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
K. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.


Your response:
Thought: This set of problems involves performing operations, specifically multiplication, on multi-digit whole numbers in base ten.
Answer: D

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
problem_activity: Activity
In this partner activity, students take turns solving equations involving cube roots by isolating the cube root expression and then cubing each side of the equation. As students trade roles explaining their thinking and listening, they have opportunities to explain their reasoning and critique the reasoning of others (MP3).
With square roots, students would have to check that their solutions are valid by substituting in the original equation. That isn’t necessary with cube roots because there is only ever one cube root, but it is a good habit to have.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. After students have had time to identify their three most and least difficult equations, ask students to take turns: the first partner identifies an equation from one of their lists and explains why they chose it, while the other listens and works to understand. Then they switch roles. When both partners have explained why they chose one equation from their most difficult list and one from their least difficult list, they move on to the second question.
When both partners have solved the four equations they chose, ask them to take turns again: the first partner explains how they solved one of their problems, while the other listens and works to understand. When both partners agree on the solution, they switch roles. They should continue to switch roles as time allows.
Conversing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students work on this activity, listen for and collect the language students use to explain how they solved the equations. Write the students’ words and phrases on a visual display. As students review the visual display, ask them to clarify the meaning of a phrase. For example, a phrase such as, “Add 4 and then raise to the third power,” can be clarified by restating it as, “Add 4 to each side of the equation. Then raise each side of the equation to the third power.” This will help students use the mathematical language necessary to precisely explain how to solve equations involving cube roots.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Encourage and support opportunities for peer collaboration. When students share the equations they selected with a partner, display sentence frames to support conversation such as: “I chose _____ (equation) because . . .”, “I noticed _____ so I chose . . .”, and “I agree/disagree because . . . .”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Social-emotional skills
Student Facing
Here are a lot of equations:
\(\sqrt[3]{t+4} = 3\)
\(\text-10 = \text-\sqrt[3]{a}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{3-w} - 4 = 0\)
\(\sqrt[3]{z} + 9 = 0\)
\(\sqrt[3]{r^3 - 19} = 2\)
\(5 - \sqrt[3]{k+1} = \text-1\)
\(\sqrt[3]{p+4} - 2 = 1\)
\(6-\sqrt[3]{b} = 0\)
\(\sqrt[3]{2n} + 3 = \text-5\)
\(4+\sqrt[3]{\text-m} + 4 = 6\)
\(\text-\sqrt[3]{c} = 5\)
\(\sqrt[3]{s-7} + 3 = 0\)
Without solving, identify 3 equations that you think would be the least difficult to solve and 3 equations that you think would be the most difficult to solve. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
Choose 4 equations and solve them. At least one should be from your “least difficult” list and at least one should be from your “most difficult” list.
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
All of these equations were equivalent to equations that could be written in the form
\(\sqrt[3]{ax+b}+c=0\)
for some constants
\(a\)
,
\(b\)
, and
\(c\)
. Find a formula that would solve any such equation for
\(x\)
in terms of
\(a\)
,
\(b\)
, and
\(c\)
.
Student Response
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click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students have trouble getting started on their more difficult equations, remind them of strategies they used with square roots, such as isolating the root first. Some students may find it helpful to estimate an answer and then check it, in order to get a general idea of what the answer may be and the calculations involved in finding it. If needed, students can look at the graph of
\(y=\sqrt[3]{x}\)
from the previous activity, or
\(y=x^3\)
from earlier in the lesson.
Students who don’t reach a solution should say where they got stuck and what they tried when they share their work with their partner. They can then try finishing the problem together.
Activity Synthesis
Much discussion takes place between partners. Invite students to share how they solved the equations they chose. Here are some questions for discussion:
“How is the process of solving these equations the same as solving equations that involve square roots? How is it different?” (Solving these equations is different because they require cubing rather than squaring. It is also different because cube roots aren’t always positive, so the extra step to check that a positive number isn’t set equal to a negative number isn’t necessary. Solving is the same because it requires isolating the radical expression and then using exponents to make a new equation without radicals.)
“Describe any difficulties you experienced and how you resolved them.” (I cubed a negative number and forgot that the result would be negative; when I plugged in my answer to check it, I saw that I must have done something wrong, so I went back and fixed it. I wasn’t sure how to get started on one of my difficult equations, but I remembered that I should try to isolate the cube root, and then I could see what to do.)


correct_option_index: 3