few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response:
Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Your response:
Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Your response:
Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Make geometric constructions.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Prove geometric theorems.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is to deepen students’ understanding that a shape can belong to multiple categories because of its attributes. Students analyze shapes and determine all the ways that each one could be named. The names may refer to a broad category such as triangle or quadrilateral, or a narrower subcategory such as rhombus or rectangle. As they name the different categories students need to be precise both about the meaning of the categories and verifying the properties of the different shapes (MP6).
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: For each observation that is shared, invite students to turn to a partner and restate what they heard using precise mathematical language.
Advances: Listening, Speaking
Engagement: Provide Access by Recruiting Interest.
Leverage choice around perceived challenge. Invite students to select at least 4 of the 6 problems.
Supports accessibility for: Organization, Attention, Social-Emotional Skills
Launch
Groups of 2
“Look at the quadrilateral in the first problem. Work independently to circle all the names that you could use to describe the quadrilateral. Be prepared to share your reasoning.”
1 minute: independent work time
“Discuss your responses and reasoning with your partner.”
2 minutes: partner discussion
Share responses.
Activity
“Complete the rest of the problems independently. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.”
3–5 minutes: independent work time
“Now, discuss your answers with your partner. Be sure to explain your reasoning for each way you described the shape. Also, be sure to ask your partner if you have any questions about their reasoning.”
5–7 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students who notice that some shapes can be described using multiple terms.
Student Facing
Select
all
the ways you could describe each shape. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
1
[IMG]
triangle
quadrilateral
square
rhombus
rectangle
2
[IMG]
triangle
quadrilateral
hexagon
rhombus
rectangle
square
3
[IMG]
triangle
quadrilateral
pentagon
rhombus
rectangle
square
4
[IMG]
triangle
quadrilateral
hexagon
rhombus
rectangle
square
5
[IMG]
hexagon
quadrilateral
triangle
square
rectangle
rhombus
6
[IMG]
hexagon
quadrilateral
triangle
rhombus
rectangle
square
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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for free access to Student Response.
Advancing Student Thinking
If students use only one name for a shape that can be named in multiple ways, consider asking:
“How did you describe the shape?”
“Are there any other names that could be used to describe the shape?”
Activity Synthesis
Select 1–2 students to share the terms they selected for each of the last four quadrilaterals and their reasoning.
Consider asking:
“Who can restate _____’s reasoning in a different way?”
“Does anyone want to add on to _____’s reasoning?”
“Do you agree or disagree? Why?”
“The last shape can be described with 4 of the choices. How is it possible that it can be described in so many ways?” (It is a quadrilateral because it has 4 sides. It is a rhombus because it’s a quadrilateral with 4 sides that are the same length. It is a rectangle because it has 4 right angles and 2 pairs of sides that are the same length. It is a square because it has 4 sides that are the same length and 4 right angles. The last three are more specific descriptions of a quadrilateral.)


correct_option_index: 20