few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Understand that the three digits of a three-digit number represent amounts of hundreds, tens, and ones; e.g., 706 equals 7 hundreds, 0 tens, and 6 ones. Understand the following as special cases:
- 100 can be thought of as a bundle of ten tens — called a “hundred.”
- The numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine hundreds (and 0 tens and 0 ones).

Compare two three-digit numbers based on meanings of the hundreds, tens, and ones digits, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons.

Count within 1000; skip-count by 5s, 10s, and 100s.

Read and write numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to a new unit, the hundred. Students used connecting cubes to make tens in grade 1 and used tens and ones to count to and represent numbers within 120.
In an earlier unit, students were introduced to base-ten blocks and used base-ten diagrams to represent sums and differences within 100. Students build on this understanding as they use blocks to represent a starting number (96) and add ones until they reach a total value of 100. As students discover they have 10 tens, monitor for language they use to describe the total value of the blocks and the connections they make to their previous work with ones, tens, and three-digit numbers (MP7).
Engagement: Provide Access by Recruiting Interest.
Give the students a context to connect to their own lives. Tell the students that the base-ten blocks represent gum. The ones are single sticks of gum and the tens are packs of gum.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Base-ten blocks
Launch
Groups of 2
Give students access to base-ten blocks.
Display photo of 8 tens and 16 ones.
“Andre was using base-ten blocks to represent numbers. How many do you see? How do you see them?” (96. I see 8 tens and 16 ones. I see it as 9 tens and 6 ones.)
30 seconds: quiet think time
1 minute: partner discussion
Share responses.
Activity
“Work with a partner to follow along and see what Andre discovered as he adds more blocks.”
10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who explain that the value is 100 by:
counting by 1 from 80 or by 1 from 96
counting by 10
Student Facing
How many do you see? How do you see them?
[IMG]
Andre added more blocks.
[IMG]
What is the value of Andre’s blocks now?
How many tens and ones are in this number?
Andre made the same number with the fewest amount of blocks possible. Draw a base-ten diagram to show what Andre’s number looks like now. Use your base-ten blocks to help.
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students represent 100 with a diagram that includes tens and ones, consider asking:
“Can you explain how your diagram represents Andre’s total value using the fewest number of blocks possible?”
“Is there a way to represent the same amount without any ones?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share how they know the value of Andre’s blocks is 100.
“If Andre used the fewest number of blocks, how many tens did he use?” (He had 10 tens.)
“What if Andre wanted to use the greatest amount of blocks to show this number? What would he do?” (He’d decompose all the tens to use only ones. He’d use 100 ones.)
“In this activity, you showed you know that 10 ones is the same as 1 ten. Just like 10 ones is the same as 1 ten, 10 tens is the same as 1 hundred.”
“A hundred is a unit that is made up of 10 tens.”


correct_option_index: 0