few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Make geometric constructions.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Prove geometric theorems.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students are given the result of folding a shape along one or more lines of symmetry and asked to reason about the original shape. No lines of symmetry are specified, so students must consider all sides of a folded shape as a possible line of symmetry and visualize the missing half accordingly.
The first question offers opportunities to practice choosing tools strategically (MP5). Some students may wish to trace the half-shapes on patty paper, to make cutouts of them, or to use other tools or techniques to reason about the original shape. Provide access to the materials and tools they might need.
During the activity synthesis, discuss the different ways students approach the second question. Consider preparing cutouts of shapes A–F to facilitate the discussion. (The shapes are provided in the blackline master.)
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Invite students to plan a strategy, including the tools they will use, for the task. If time allows, invite students to share their plan with a partner before they begin.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Organization, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Paper
Patty paper
Protractors
Rulers or straightedges
Scissors
Materials to Copy
Before and After
Launch
Groups of 2
Give a ruler or a straightedge to each student.
Provide access to protractors, patty paper, scrap paper, and scissors.
Activity
5 minutes: independent work time
2–3 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for the different strategies students use to identify the original shape of the half-shapes (as noted in the activity narrative).
Student Facing
Mai has a piece of paper. She can get two different shapes by folding the paper along a line of symmetry. What is the shape of the paper before it was folded?
[IMG]
Diego folded a piece of paper once along a line of symmetry and got this right triangle.
[IMG]
Which shapes could the paper have before it was folded? Explain or show how you know.
[IMG]
[IMG]
[IMG]
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their responses and strategies.
When discussing the second question, ask students why B, C, and E are not possible shapes of the original piece of paper even though there’s a line that breaks each figure into two right triangles that match the given triangle. (B and E have no line symmetry. C has lines of symmetry but not diagonally from corner to corner. If you fold there, the triangles would not be on top of one another.)


correct_option_index: 25