few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Make geometric constructions.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Prove geometric theorems.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
problem_activity: Activity
The purpose of this activity is to decide if there is a sequence of translations, rotations, and reflections that take one figure to another and, if so, to produce one such sequence. Deciding whether or not such a sequence is possible uses the knowledge that translations, rotations, and reflections do not change side lengths or angle measures. The triangles
\(ABC\)
and
\(CFG\)
form part of a large pattern of images of triangle
\(ABC\)
that will be examined more closely in future lessons.
Monitor for students who use different transformations to take triangle
\(ABC\)
to triangle
\(CFG\)
and select them to share during the discussion. (There are two possible sequences in the Possible Responses section, but these are not the only two.)
Digital
Launch
Provide access to geometry toolkits. Give students 4 minutes quiet work time, 2 minutes to discuss with partner, and then time for a whole-class discussion.
If using the digital activity, have a brief discussion of the previous activity to highlight the transformations that the students used. Then give students 4 minutes of individual work time, 2 minutes to discuss with a partner, and then time for a whole-class discussion.
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication
. Invite students to talk about their ideas with a partner before writing them down. Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their ideas. For example, “Triangle _____ is a rigid transformation of Triangle
\(ABC\)
because...,” “I agree/disagree because...,” or “Another transformation is _____ because….”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Conversing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students discuss their work with a partner, listen for and collect the language students use to describe each transformation. Record students’ words and phrases on a visual display (e.g., "Rotate triangle
\(ABC\)
90 degrees counterclockwise around point
\(C\)
," "Translate triangle
\(ABC\)
7 units right," etc.), and update it throughout the remainder of the lesson. Remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students read and use mathematical language during paired and whole-group discussions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
Here is a grid showing triangle
\(ABC\)
and two other triangles.
You can use a
rigid transformation
to take triangle
\(ABC\)
to
one
of the other triangles.
Which one? Explain how you know.
Describe a rigid transformation that takes
\(ABC\)
to the triangle you selected.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Provide access to geometry toolkits. Give students 4 minutes quiet work time, 2 minutes to discuss with partner, and then time for a whole-class discussion.
If using the digital activity, have a brief discussion of the previous activity to highlight the transformations that the students used. Then give students 4 minutes of individual work time, 2 minutes to discuss with a partner, and then time for a whole-class discussion.
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication
. Invite students to talk about their ideas with a partner before writing them down. Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their ideas. For example, “Triangle _____ is a rigid transformation of Triangle
\(ABC\)
because...,” “I agree/disagree because...,” or “Another transformation is _____ because….”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Conversing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students discuss their work with a partner, listen for and collect the language students use to describe each transformation. Record students’ words and phrases on a visual display (e.g., "Rotate triangle
\(ABC\)
90 degrees counterclockwise around point
\(C\)
," "Translate triangle
\(ABC\)
7 units right," etc.), and update it throughout the remainder of the lesson. Remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students read and use mathematical language during paired and whole-group discussions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
Here is a grid showing triangle
\(ABC\)
and two other triangles.
[IMG]
You can use a
rigid transformation
to take triangle
\(ABC\)
to
one
of the other triangles.
Which one? Explain how you know.
Describe a rigid transformation that takes
\(ABC\)
to the triangle you selected.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
A square is made up of an L-shaped region and three transformations of the region. If the perimeter of the square is 40 units, what is the perimeter of each L-shaped region?
[IMG]
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Ask a student to explain why triangle
\(ABC\)
cannot
be taken to triangle
\(DBE\)
. (We are only using rigid transformations and therefore the corresponding lengths have to be equal and they are not.) If a student brings up that they think triangle
\(DBE\)
is a scale drawing of
\(ABC\)
, bring the discussion back to translations, rotations, and reflections, rather than talking about how or why triangle
\(DBE\)
isn’t actually a scale drawing of
\(ABC\)
.
Offer as many methods for transforming triangle
\(ABC\)
as possible as time permits, selecting previously identified students to share their methods. Include at least two different sequences of transformations. Make sure students attend carefully to specifying each transformation with the necessary level of precision. For example, for a rotation, that they specify the center of rotation, the direction, and the angle of rotation.
If time allows, consider asking the following questions:
"Can triangle
\(ABC\)
be taken to triangle
\(CFG\)
with only a translation?" (No, since
\(CFG\)
is rotated.)
"What about with only a reflection?" (No, because they have the same orientation.)
"What about with a single rotation?" (The answer is yes, but this question does not need to be answered now as students will have an opportunity to investigate this further in a future lesson.)


correct_option_index: 1