few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Recognize that in a multi-digit whole number, a digit in one place represents ten times what it represents in the place to its right. For example, recognize that 700 ÷ 70 = 10 by applying concepts of place value and division.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Read and write multi-digit whole numbers using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. Compare two multi-digit numbers based on meanings of the digits in each place, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Use place value understanding to round multi-digit whole numbers to any place.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students compare pairs of numbers with the same number of digits and the same set of digits (for example, 278 and 872, or 1,356 and 3,156). The goal is to elicit the idea that both the placement and the size of the digits matter in determining the value of a number, and that the digits in certain places matter more than others for making comparisons (MP7).
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Number cards 0–10
Launch
Groups of 3–4
Give each group a set of cards 0–10. Ask students to remove the cards that show 10.
“What three-digit numbers can we make with 5, 7, and 3?” (357, 375, 537, 573, 735, 753)
Activity
“Work with your group to make pairs of numbers using the digits on the cards. First use 3 cards, then 4, then 5, and lastly 6. Compare each pair of numbers.”
“Think about how you go about comparing each pair of numbers.”
5 minutes: group work time
Monitor for students who:
notice that not all digits need to be compared in order to tell which number in a pair is greater
use place-value language in describing the numbers
make two numbers with the same first digit or the same first and second digits
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you a set of cards, each with a single digit, 0–9.
[IMG]
Use the cards for 2, 7, and 8 to make two different three-digit numbers. Use < or > to compare them.
\(\boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \underline{\hspace{0.5in}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}}\)
Now include the digit 1 to make two different four-digit numbers. Compare the numbers.
\(\boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \underline{\hspace{0.5in}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}}\)
Shuffle the cards. Repeat what you did earlier with new cards.
Four-digit numbers
\(\boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \underline{\hspace{0.5in}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}}\)
Five-digit numbers
\(\boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \underline{\hspace{0.5in}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}}\ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \)
Six-digit numbers
\(\boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \underline{\hspace{0.5in}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} _{\ \huge{,}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \ \boxed{\phantom{\frac{00}{00}}} \)
For each pair you compared, how did you decide which number is greater?
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
When answering the question about how they compared the numbers, students may say that they “just know” which one was greater. Encourage them to think about the features of the numbers that gave them an immediate clue about the size of the numbers, or the features that they didn’t find as useful.
Activity Synthesis
Select students to display their number statements and read them. Ask if the class agrees with their comparison.
“How did you decide which number is greater? Did you compare every digit?”
Select students who wrote numbers with the same first digit (or the same first two digits) to share their number statements. Ask them to explain how they compared the numbers.
If no students mentioned that the digits in some places matter more than those in others, ask them about it.
“Did you pay attention only to some digits but not others?”
“Which ones did you prioritize? Were there any you tended to ignore?”


correct_option_index: 1