few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Make geometric constructions.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Prove geometric theorems.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students identify and sketch angles in their environment—in the text, graphics, and shapes in their physical surroundings—and reinforce the idea of an angle as a figure made up of two rays that share an endpoint.
In future lessons, students will look more closely at the properties of angles and consider how they can be measured and whether the length of the segments that form them impacts the size of the angles.
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Rulers or straightedges
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each student a ruler or a straightedge.
Activity
5 minutes: independent work time
2 minutes: partner discussion
Student Facing
Here are two figures.
[IMG]
Find 2–3 angles in each figure. Draw pairs of rays to show the angles.
Sketch a part of your classroom that has 2–3 angles. Draw pairs of rays to show the angles.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Advancing Student Thinking
Students may say they have identified an angle because they have found a vertex. Ask these students to explain what they mean and to describe the angle they see. Consider asking:
“How do you see the rays that share this vertex? Can you draw them?”
“Could more than one angle share a vertex? How could you use figure A from the previous activity to explain?”
Activity Synthesis
“How did you find the angles?” (We looked for intersections of segments. When the segments meet or cross, angles are formed.)
“Where is the vertex of each angle you found?”


correct_option_index: 2