few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Count to answer “how many?” questions about as many as 20 things arranged in a line, a rectangular array, or a circle, or as many as 10 things in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1–20, count out that many objects.

Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities; connect counting to cardinality.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to learn a new variation of stage 2 of the Math Stories center. Students use two-color counters to act out and tell stories involving addition or subtraction with the background mats. Students use objects or drawings to represent and solve the story problem that is told to them by their partner.
After they participate in the center, students choose from any stage of previously introduced centers.
Bingo
Math Fingers
Subtraction Towers
5-frames
Counting Collections
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Materials from previous centers
Two-color counters
Materials to Copy
Math Stories Stage 2 Recording Sheet
Math Stories Stage 2 Backgrounds
Required Preparation
Each group of 2 needs 10 two-color counters.
Gather materials from:
Bingo, Stages 1-3
Math Fingers, Stages 1-3
Math Stories, Stages 1 and 2
Subtraction Towers, Stage 1
5-frames, Stages 1 and 2
Counting Collections, Stage 1
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each group of students 10 two-color counters and a set of background mats. Give each student a recording sheet.
“We are going to learn a new way to do the Math Stories center.”
Display the background mat with a playground.
“This time I need to think of a story to go with the background mat. I also need to think of a question to ask at the end of the story.”
“My story is: 6 kids were playing on the rings. Then 2 of the kids left to go play on the slide.”
“What question can I ask at the end of my story?” (How many kids are still playing on the rings?)
30 seconds: quiet think time
Share responses.
“Now I’ll tell my partner my story and ask the question.”
“You can use the background mats to help you act out the story if it is helpful. You can also draw a picture on the recording sheet. Write a number to show the answer to the story problem.”
“Take turns telling story problems to go with the background mats. Remember to include a question for your partner at the end of your story problem.”
Activity
8 minutes: partner work time
“Now you can choose another center. You can also continue playing Math Stories.”
Display the center choices in the student book.
Invite students to work at the center of their choice.
8 minutes: center work time
If time, invite students to choose another center.
Student Facing
Choose a center.
Bingo
[IMG]
Math Fingers
[IMG]
Subtraction Towers
[IMG]
5-frames
[IMG]
Math Stories
[IMG]
Counting Collections
[IMG]
Activity Synthesis
Invite 2 students to share different story problems about the same background mat.
As each student shares, record the action with words and numbers and an expression. For example: “3 and 6” and “
\(3 + 6\)
”.
“What was the same about the stories? What was different?”


correct_option_index: 0