few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Write numbers from 0 to 20. Represent a number of objects with a written numeral 0-20 (with 0 representing a count of no objects).

Count to 100 by ones and by tens.

Count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence (instead of having to begin at 1).
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to learn a new variation of stage 2 of the Math Stories center. Students use two-color counters to act out and tell stories involving addition or subtraction with the background mats. Students use objects or drawings to represent and solve the story problem that is told to them by their partner.
After they participate in the center, students choose from any stage of previously introduced centers.
Bingo
Math Fingers
Subtraction Towers
5-frames
Counting Collections
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Materials from previous centers
Two-color counters
Materials to Copy
Math Stories Stage 2 Recording Sheet
Math Stories Stage 2 Backgrounds
Required Preparation
Each group of 2 needs 10 two-color counters.
Gather materials from:
Bingo, Stages 1-3
Math Fingers, Stages 1-3
Math Stories, Stages 1 and 2
Subtraction Towers, Stage 1
5-frames, Stages 1 and 2
Counting Collections, Stage 1
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each group of students 10 two-color counters and a set of background mats. Give each student a recording sheet.
“We are going to learn a new way to do the Math Stories center.”
Display the background mat with a playground.
“This time I need to think of a story to go with the background mat. I also need to think of a question to ask at the end of the story.”
“My story is: 6 kids were playing on the rings. Then 2 of the kids left to go play on the slide.”
“What question can I ask at the end of my story?” (How many kids are still playing on the rings?)
30 seconds: quiet think time
Share responses.
“Now I’ll tell my partner my story and ask the question.”
“You can use the background mats to help you act out the story if it is helpful. You can also draw a picture on the recording sheet. Write a number to show the answer to the story problem.”
“Take turns telling story problems to go with the background mats. Remember to include a question for your partner at the end of your story problem.”
Activity
8 minutes: partner work time
“Now you can choose another center. You can also continue playing Math Stories.”
Display the center choices in the student book.
Invite students to work at the center of their choice.
8 minutes: center work time
If time, invite students to choose another center.
Student Facing
Choose a center.
Bingo
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Math Fingers
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Subtraction Towers
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5-frames
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Math Stories
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Counting Collections
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Activity Synthesis
Invite 2 students to share different story problems about the same background mat.
As each student shares, record the action with words and numbers and an expression. For example: “3 and 6” and “
\(3 + 6\)
”.
“What was the same about the stories? What was different?”


correct_option_index: 0