few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Prove geometric theorems.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Make geometric constructions.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to describe and draw shapes. Students work in pairs to describe and draw a mystery shape. Students learn that they need to be precise in describing the shape in order for their partner to draw the shape accurately and have opportunities to use the language they have learned to describe shape attributes (MP6). There are also some shapes that students have not been introduced to the formal names of. Students can describe the attributes of these shapes but are not expected to name the shapes.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Invite students to begin partner interactions by repeating the partner’s description before drawing it. For example, “your shape has 3 sides and 3 corners.” This gives both students an opportunity to produce language.
Advances: Conversing
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Students might need quiet think time to come up with words they will use to describe the shape they picked. Ask students to give their partners time in between turns to think of words.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Language
Launch
Display the student book.
“In the last activity, we used dot paper. What is different about this dot paper?” (There are no red dots.)
Share responses.
“Draw lines on the dot paper to make some shapes.”
2 minutes: independent work time
“Today we’re going to play a new game called ‘Draw the Mystery Shape’. One partner will choose a shape and describe it. The other partner will draw the shape.”
“Let’s try it. I’m going to describe a shape. Draw the shape that I describe on the dot paper.”
“This shape has 3 sides and 3 corners.”
30 seconds: independent work time
“Did you and your partner draw the same shape?” (No. We drew shapes with 3 sides but they don’t look the same.)
Draw or display:
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“This was the shape I wanted you to draw. What else could I have said about the shape to help you know what to draw?” ( It is skinny. It is pointing to the side. Two sides are long and one side is short.)
Activity
“Pick a shape but don’t tell your partner which shape you picked. Tell your partner all about the shape so they can draw it.”
8 minutes: partner work time
Student Facing
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Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
“Which clues helped you figure out how to draw the shape?”


correct_option_index: 22