few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.

Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.

Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students see that they can find equivalent fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by a common factor. They connect this strategy to the process of grouping unit fractions on a number line into larger equal-size parts. The result is a fewer number of parts, and smaller numbers for the numerator and denominator of equivalent fractions.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: At the appropriate time, give students 2–3 minutes to make sure that everyone in their group can explain the strategies used in the given examples. Invite groups to rehearse what they will say when they share with the whole class.
Advances: Speaking, Conversing, Representing
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
“Work with your partner to answer the first three problems.”
“Be prepared to explain how you think Andre’s and Kiran’s strategies are related.”
7–8 minutes: partner work time
“Take a few minutes to answer the last problem independently.”
2–3 minutes: independent work time for the last problem
Student Facing
Andre drew a number line and marked a point on it. Label the point with the fraction it represents.
[IMG]
To find other fractions that the point represents, Andre made copies of the number line. He drew darker marks on some of the existing tick marks.
Label the darker tick marks Andre made on each number line.
[IMG]
[IMG]
Kiran wrote the same fractions for the points but used a different strategy, as shown. Analyze his reasoning.
\(\frac{8 \ \div \ 4}{12 \ \div \ 4}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{8 \ \div \ 2}{12 \ \div \ 2}=\frac{4}{6}\)
How do you think Andre’s and Kiran’s strategies are related?
Try using Kiran’s strategy to find one or more fractions that are equivalent to
\(\frac{10}{12}\)
and
\(\frac{18}{12}\)
.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
“What did Andre do with the number lines? How would it help him find equivalent fractions?” (Andre grouped the 12 parts into equal groups of different sizes—2s, 4s—to make bigger parts. Then, he counted the number of those new parts.)
“What did Kiran do? How is his strategy related to Andre’s?” (Kiran divided 12 by 4 and then by 2, similar to how Andre put 12 parts into groups of 4 and then of 2.)
“Notice that the equivalent fractions
\(\frac{2}{3}\)
and
\(\frac{4}{6}\)
both have smaller numbers for the numerator and denominator than the original fraction. Can you use Andre’s number line to show why this might be?” (The size of the parts are bigger, so there are fewer parts in 1 whole.)
If time permits, ask students:
“How many equivalent fractions can you find for
\(\frac{10}{12}\)
using Kiran’s way?” (One) “How many can you find for
\(\frac{18}{12}\)
?” (Three)
“What might be a reason that you could find more equivalent fractions for
\(\frac{18}{12}\)
than for
\(\frac{10}{12}\)
?” (18 and 12 have more factors in common than 10 and 12.)
“How would you show
\(\frac{9 \ \div \ 3}{12 \ \div \ 3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
on the number line?” (Put the original 12 parts into groups of 3 to get 4 parts, each being a fourth. Mark 3 of those 4 parts to show
\(\frac{3}{4}\)
.)


correct_option_index: 4