few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Partition shapes into parts with equal areas. Express the area of each part as a unit fraction of the whole. For example, partition a shape into 4 parts with equal area, and describe the area of each part as 1/4 of the area of the shape.

Understand that shapes in different categories (e.g., rhombuses, rectangles, and others) may share attributes (e.g., having four sides), and that the shared attributes can define a larger category (e.g., quadrilaterals). Recognize rhombuses, rectangles, and squares as examples of quadrilaterals, and draw examples of quadrilaterals that do not belong to any of these subcategories.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to identify the attributes that make a quadrilateral a rectangle, a rhombus, or a square. They do so by studying examples and non-examples, looking for features that each set has in common and drawing conclusions accordingly (MP7). The goal is not to craft the most precise definition for each, but to develop an understanding of the defining geometric attributes.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Display sentence frames to support small-group discussion: “I notice _____ so I think . . .”, “_____ and _____ are the same/alike because . . .”, “_____ and _____ are different because . . . .”
Advances: Conversing, Representing
Engagement: Provide Access by Recruiting Interest.
Optimize meaning and value. Invite students to share, with a partner, the attributes needed in order to be an example of this type of quadrilateral.
Supports accessibility for: Social-Emotional Functioning, Attention
Required Preparation
Create a chart with labels showing a rectangle, rhombus, and square for the lesson synthesis.
Launch
Groups of 2–3
Display the examples and non-examples of right triangles.
“The triangles on the left are right triangles. The ones on the right are not. Take a minute to think about their differences.”
“Then, choose all the shapes that are right triangles from the set labeled A–H. Write down what you think makes a shape a right triangle.”
1–2 minutes: quiet think time
1–2 minutes: partner discussion
Share responses.
“All triangles on the left and triangle E in the set are right angles. A triangle with a right angle is a right triangle.”
Activity
“Work with your group to analyze what makes a shape a rectangle, a rhombus, or a square. Each group will look at one type of quadrilateral.”
Assign each group one quadrilateral to analyze.
3–5 minutes: small-group work time
“Now, share your work with another group that worked on the same quadrilateral. Be sure to ask any questions you have about each other’s work.”
3–5 minutes: small-group discussion
Student Facing
These are right triangles.
[IMG]
These are not right triangles.
[IMG]
Which of the following are right triangles? Circle them.
[IMG]
What makes a shape a right triangle?
These are rectangles.
[IMG]
These are not rectangles.
[IMG]
Which of the following are rectangles? Circle them.
[IMG]
What makes a shape a rectangle?
These are rhombuses.
[IMG]
These are not rhombuses.
[IMG]
Which of the following are rhombuses? Circle them.
[IMG]
What makes a shape a rhombus?
These are squares.
[IMG]
These are not squares.
[IMG]
Which of the following are squares? Circle them.
[IMG]
What makes a shape a square?
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite 1–2 groups who analyzed rectangles to share their responses. Record their responses.
Ask the class:
“Do you agree with the shapes that are marked as rectangles (or rhombuses or squares)?”
“Do you agree with the descriptions?”
“Is there any part of the descriptions you’d say differently?”
“Is there anything you'd add to the description?”
When students have finished describing rectangles, highlight that: “A shape is a rectangle only if it is a quadrilateral with only right angles, and the sides that are across from each other are the same length.”
Repeat the discussion with rhombuses and squares.


correct_option_index: 1