few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Use similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation y = mx for a line through the origin and the equation y = mx + b for a line intercepting the vertical axis at b.

Graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways. For example, compare a distance-time graph to a distance-time equation to determine which of two moving objects has greater speed.
problem_activity: Activity
The purpose of this activity is for students to compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways using the skills they have worked on over the past three lessons. Working in groups, students compare the relationships, responding to questions about their rate of change, which rate of change is higher, and one other situation-based question. Groups make a visual display for their problem set to explain each of their responses and convince others of their accuracy.
Identify groups using a variety of representations to share during the Activity Synthesis.
Launch
Remind students that in previous lessons they identified representations of and created representations for a single proportional relationship. In this activity, they will consider representations of two
different
proportional relationships and make comparisons between them.
Arrange students in groups of 2–3. Assign to each group (or ask groups to choose) one of the three question sets. Tell groups that they will make a visual display for their responses to the questions. The display should clearly demonstrate their reasoning and use multiple representations in order to be convincing. Let them know that there will be a gallery walk when they finish for the rest of the class to inspect their solutions’ accuracy.
If time allows, ask groups to complete all three problems and make a visual display for just one.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
To support development of organizational skills in problem-solving, chunk this task into more manageable parts. For example, present one question at a time.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Organization
Student Facing
Elena babysits her neighbor’s children. Her earnings are given by the equation
\(y=8.40x\)
, where
\(x\)
represents the number of hours she worked and
\(y\)
represents the amount of money she earned.
Jada earns
$
7 per hour mowing her neighbors’ lawns.
Who makes more money after working 12 hours? How much more do they make? Explain your reasoning by creating a graph or a table.
What is the rate of change for each situation and what does it mean?
Using your graph or table, determine how long it would take each person to earn
$
150.
Clare and Han have summer jobs stuffing envelopes for two different companies.
Han earns
$
15 for every 300 ​​​​​envelopes he finishes.
Clare’s earnings can be seen in the table.
| number of                             envelopes | money                             in dollars |
|-------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
|                       400                       |                      40                      |
|                       900                       |                      90                      |
By creating a graph, show how much money each person makes after stuffing 1,500 envelopes.
What is the rate of change for each situation and what does it mean?
Using your graph, determine how much more money one person makes relative to the other after stuffing 1,500 envelopes.  Explain or show your reasoning.
Tyler plans to start a lemonade stand and is trying to perfect his recipe for lemonade. He wants to make sure the recipe doesn’t use too much lemonade mix (lemon juice and sugar) but still tastes good.
Lemonade Recipe 1 is given by the equation
\(y=4x\)
where
\(x\)
represents the amount of lemonade mix in cups and
\(y\)
represents the amount of water in cups.
Lemonade Recipe 2 is given in the table.
| lemonade mix (cups) | water (cups) |
|---------------------|--------------|
|         10          |      50      |
|         13          |      65      |
|         21          |     105      |
If Tyler had 16 cups of lemonade mix, how many cups of water would he need for each recipe? Explain your reasoning by creating a graph or a table.
What is the rate of change for each situation and what does it mean?
Tyler has a 5-gallon jug (which holds 80 cups) to use for his lemonade stand and 16 cups of lemonade mix. Which lemonade recipe should he use? Explain or show your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Han and Clare are still stuffing envelopes. Han can stuff 20 envelopes in a minute, and Clare can stuff 10 envelopes in a minute. They start working together on a pile of 1,000 envelopes.
How long does it take them to finish the pile?
Who earns more money?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may confuse the values for the rate of change of a situation. For example, Lemonade Recipe 1's equation,
\(y=4x\)
, shows that the rate of change is 4 cups of water per cup of lemonade mix. Students may switch these values and think that the rate of change is 4 cups lemonade mix per cup of water. Ask students who do this to explain where in the original representations they see the rate of change. Students may need to list a few values or sketch a graph in order to see their mix-up between the two quantities.
Activity Synthesis
Begin with a gallery walk for students to see how other groups answered the same set of questions they did and how students answered questions about the other two contexts.
Invite groups to share the strategies they used with the various representations. Consider asking groups the following questions:
“What representations did you choose to answer the questions? Why did you pick them?”
“What representation did you not use? Why?”
“How did you decide what scale to use when you made your graph?”
“Now that you have seen the work of other groups, is there anything about your display you would change if you could?”
Representing and Conversing: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
During the gallery walk, invite students to discuss “what is the same and what is different?” about the representations on the posters and then share with the whole class. Look for opportunities to highlight representations that helped students answer the questions and decide which scales to use for the graph. This will help students make connections and describe the usefulness of each type of representation.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output


correct_option_index: 1