few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Know the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
problem_activity: Optional activity
In this optional activity, students use colored pencils (or pens or highlighters) to label the radius and height on different pictures of cylinders. Then they sketch their own cylinders and label the radius and heights of those. The purpose of this activity is for students to practice identifying the radius and height of various cylinders, some of which are in context.
This activity can also be abbreviated if students demonstrate prior understanding of how to draw or label cylinders and only need a brief refresh.
Launch
Distribute colored pencils. Give students 1–2 minutes of quiet work time followed by a whole-class discussion.
Student Facing
For cylinders A–D, sketch a radius and the height. Label the radius with an
\(r\)
and the height with an
\(h\)
.
[IMG]
Earlier you learned how to sketch a cylinder. Sketch cylinders for E and F and label each one’s radius and height.
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
In diagrams D and E, some students might mistake the diameter for the height of the cylinder. Some students may mark a height taller than the cylinder due to the tilt of the figure.
Activity Synthesis
Select students to share where they marked the radius and height and the cylinders sketched for images E and F. Discuss examples of other cylinders students see in real life.
Speaking, Listening: MLR3 Clarify, Critique, Correct.
Present an incorrect drawing that reflects a possible misunderstanding from the class about the height of a cylinder. For example, draw a cylinder with the diameter incorrectly placed at its height and the height at its diameter. Prompt students to identify the error, (e.g., ask, “Do you agree with the representation? Why or why not?”), correct the representation, and write feedback to the author explaining the error. This helps students develop an understanding and make sense of identifying the heights of differently-oriented cylinders.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Maximize meta-awareness


correct_option_index: 0