few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Make geometric constructions.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Prove geometric theorems.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Experiment with transformations in the plane.
problem_activity: Activity
This info gap activity gives students an opportunity to determine and request the information needed for a dilation, and to realize that using coordinates greatly simplifies talking about specific points. In order to perform a dilation, students will need to know the center of dilation (which can be communicated using the coordinate grid), the coordinates of the polygon that they are dilating (also communicated using the coordinate grid), and the scale factor. With this information, they can find the dilation as in previous activities.
The info gap structure requires students to make sense of problems by determining what information is necessary, and then to ask for the information they need to solve the problem. This may take several rounds of discussion if their first requests do not yield the information they need (MP1). It also allows them to refine the language they use and ask increasingly more precise questions until they get the information they need (MP6).
Here is the text of one of the cards for reference and planning:
[IMG]
Listen for how students request (and supply) information about the center of dilation and the location of the polygon that is being dilated. The coordinate grid helps name and communicate the location of points, which is essential in this activity. In addition to the location of points, listen for how students use “center of dilation” and “scale factor” in order to communicate this essential information.
Teacher Notes for IM 6–8 Math Accelerated
Adjust this activity to 15 minutes.
Launch
Tell students they will continue to practice describing and drawing dilations using coordinates. Explain the Info Gap and consider demonstrating the protocol if students are unfamiliar with it. Arrange students in groups of 2. Provide access to geometry toolkits. In each group, distribute a problem card to one student and a data card to the other student. After you review their work on the first problem, give them the cards for the second problem and instruct them to switch roles.
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Display or provide students with a physical copy of the written directions. Check for understanding by inviting students to rephrase directions in their own words. Keep the display of directions visible throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Organization
Conversing
: This activity uses MLR4 Information Gap to give students a purpose for discussing information necessary to dilate a polygon on a coordinate grid. Display questions or question starters for students who need a starting point such as: “Can you tell me . . . (specific piece of information)”, and “Why do you need to know . . . (that piece of information)?”
Design Principle(s): Cultivate Conversation
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you either a
problem card
or a
data card
. Do not show or read your card to your partner.
If your teacher gives you the
problem card
:
Silently read your card and think about what information you need to be able to answer the question.
Ask your partner for the specific information that you need.
Explain how you are using the information to solve the problem.
Continue to ask questions until you have enough information to solve the problem.
Share the
problem card
and solve the problem independently.
Read the
data card
and discuss your reasoning.
If your teacher gives you the
data card
:
Silently read your card.
Ask your partner
“What specific information do you need?”
and wait for them to
ask
for information.
If your partner asks for information that is not on the card, do not do the calculations for them. Tell them you don’t have that information.
Before sharing the information, ask “
Why do you need that information?
” Listen to your partner’s reasoning and ask clarifying questions.
Read the
problem card
and solve the problem independently.
Share the
data card
and discuss your reasoning.
Pause here so your teacher can review your work. Ask your teacher for a new set of cards and repeat the activity, trading roles with your partner.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Triangle
\(EFG\)
was created by dilating triangle
\(ABC\)
using a scale factor of 2 and center
\(D\)
. Triangle
\(HIJ\)
was created by dilating triangle
\(ABC\)
using a scale factor of
\(\frac12\)
and center
\(D\)
.
[IMG]
What would the image of triangle
\(ABC\)
look like under a dilation with scale factor 0?
What would the image of the triangle look like under dilation with a scale factor of -1? If possible, draw it and label the vertices
\(A’\)
,
\(B’\)
, and
\(C’\)
. If it’s not possible, explain why not.
If possible, describe what happens to a shape if it is dilated with a negative scale factor. If dilating with a negative scale factor is not possible, explain why not.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
After students have completed their work, share the correct answers and ask students to discuss the process of solving the problems. Some guiding questions:
“Other than the answer, what information would have been nice to have?”
“How did using coordinates help in talking about the problem?”
“If this same problem had a figure on a grid without coordinates, how would you talk about the points?”
“What if there had been no grid at all? Would you still have been able to request or provide the needed information to perform the transformation?”
Highlight that coordinates allow us to unambiguously provide the location of a polygon’s vertices. In addition, reinforce the idea that in order to perform a dilation, we need to know the scale factor and the center of dilation. The coordinate grid again provides an efficient means to communicate the center of dilation.


correct_option_index: 6