few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Tell and write time.

Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units.

Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.

Geometric measurement: recognize perimeter as an attribute of plane figures and distinguish between linear and area measures.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of area and relate area to multiplication and to addition.

Measure and estimate lengths in standard units.

Work with time and money.

Relate addition and subtraction to length.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of angle and measure angles.

Solve problems involving measurement and estimation of intervals of time, liquid volumes, and masses of objects.

Represent and interpret data.

Describe and compare measurable attributes.

Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.

Convert like measurement units within a given measurement system.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to find combinations of coins with a value of 100 cents and understand that a dollar is the same as 100 cents. They add within 100 by grouping like coins, using a ten, or using counting on strategies. They find coin combinations that add up to 100 cents or 1 dollar and write the leftover amount as cents. This work builds on students’ understanding of a hundred.
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Chunk the tasks by question and check in with students to provide feedback and encouragement after each question. Look for the students to be using a strategy and ask them to verbalize their solution to ensure they are on the right track.
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Required Preparation
Add a dollar bill to the money poster showing the front and back to display in the launch.
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the poster with the dollar added.
[IMG]
“We just saw that there are many different ways to use coins to make 100 cents. One dollar is also the same as 100 cents.”
“If I have a dollar and I found a quarter, how much money would I have?” (125 cents or \$1 and 25¢)
30 seconds: quiet think time
Display a dollar and a quarter and write $1 and 25¢.
[IMG]
“When you write dollar amounts you use the \$ symbol. Use the ¢ symbol for the amount that cannot be grouped to make a dollar.”
Activity
“Now, you are going to work with a partner to make dollars and cents.”
10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who show Priya's money in different ways to share in the Lesson Synthesis.
Student Facing
[IMG]
Andre emptied his pockets and found these coins.
[IMG]
How much money does he have? Show your thinking.
Han emptied his pockets and found these coins.
[IMG]
How much money does he have? Show your thinking.
Priya has $1 and 18¢ in her pocket.
If Priya only had coins in her pocket, what coins could she have?
Represent Priya’s coins:
If Priya had 1 dollar bill and some coins, what coins could she have?
Represent Priya's money:
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students show the value of Andre and Han's coins only in cents, consider asking:
“How did you find the total value of the coins?”
“How many dollars does _______ have? How many leftover cents would he have?”
“How could you say how much money _______has using dollars and cents?”
Activity Synthesis
“I noticed that when you were creating a coin collection for Priya, there were different solutions.”
“How is it possible that everyone represented the same amount of money?” (Different coins can show the same amount, but you need a different number of coins.)
Invite students to share different combinations of coins they used to make $1.
Share and record responses.


correct_option_index: 7