few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to measure lengths using a ruler that is marked with half inches and quarter inches. Building on their understanding of equivalent fractions, students recognize that lengths that line up with a half-inch mark can be read as one-half of an inch or two-fourths of an inch. They also recognize that lengths that are whole numbers of inches can be expressed as fractions.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: Provide students with the opportunity to rehearse what they will say with a partner before they share with the whole class.
Advances: Speaking
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Materials from a previous activity
Rulers (inches)
Required Preparation
Each student needs a ruler marked with half inches and quarter inches from the warm-up.
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the problem.
“Think about how Kiran and Jada record the length of the worm. Use the ruler to explain how both of their measurements make sense.”
1 minute: quiet think time
2–3 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students that say they both make sense because
\(4\frac{1}{2}\)
is equivalent to
\(4\frac{2}{4}\)
and select them to share their responses.
Make sure each student has a ruler marked with half inches and quarter inches from the previous activity.
Activity
“Now, work with your partner to measure the length of some worms. Some lengths can be recorded in more than one way. Be ready to explain how you recorded each length.”
3–5 minutes: partner work time
Student Facing
Kiran and Jada are discussing the length of a worm.
[IMG]
[IMG]
Kiran says that the worm is
\(4\frac{2}{4}\)
inches long.
Jada says that the worm is
\(4\frac{1}{2}\)
inches long.
Use the ruler to explain how both of their measurements are correct.
Measure the length of the following worms.
A
[IMG]
B
[IMG]
C
[IMG]
D
[IMG]
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students start measuring from the edge of their ruler instead of from 0, consider asking:
“In the image for the first problem, how is the ruler lined up to the worm?”
“Why does it make sense to not line up the left end of the ruler with the left end of the worm?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share how they recorded their measurements and why they chose to record them in the way they did.
“Let’s think more about the first worm you measured. What are all the ways that we could record its length?” (4 inches.
\(\frac{8}{2}\)
inches.
\(\frac{16}{4}\)
inches.)
“What are all the ways that we could record the length of the last worm?” (
\(3\frac{1}{2}\)
inches.
\(3\frac{2}{4}\)
inches.
\(\frac{7}{2}\)
inches.
\(\frac{14}{4}\)
inches.)
“We can use different numbers to describe the same length because the numbers are equivalent.”


correct_option_index: 2