few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Distinguish between defining attributes (e.g., triangles are closed and three-sided) versus non-defining attributes (e.g., color, orientation, overall size); build and draw shapes to possess defining attributes.

Compose two-dimensional shapes (rectangles, squares, trapezoids, triangles, half-circles, and quarter-circles) or three-dimensional shapes (cubes, right rectangular prisms, right circular cones, and right circular cylinders) to create a composite shape, and compose new shapes from the composite shape. (Students do not need to learn formal names such as “right rectangular prism.”)

Partition circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares, describe the shares using the words halves, fourths, and quarters, and use the phrases half of, fourth of, and quarter of. Describe the whole as two of, or four of the shares. Understand for these examples that decomposing into more equal shares creates smaller shares.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this card sort is for students to connect words and phrases to visual representations of partitioned shapes. Students begin by sorting the cards in a way that makes sense to them, and then are invited to sort the shapes based on the language that can be used to describe them. In the activity synthesis, the phrases “two of the halves” and “four of the fourths” are introduced to describe shapes where all pieces are shaded in.
Keep cards D and N available to use during the lesson synthesis.
As students sort the shape cards they look for structure, namely the number of pieces making up each shape, whether or not the pieces are equal, and the number of those pieces that are shaded (MP7).
MLR2 Collect and Display.
Circulate, listen for and collect the language students use as they describe the shapes. On a visible display, record words and phrases such as: “shaded,” “half,” “fourth,” “quarter,” “equal,” “not equal,” “whole,” “shape.” Invite students to borrow language from the display as needed, and update it throughout the lesson.
Advances: Conversing, Speaking
Required Materials
Materials to Copy
Shaded Parts Cards
Required Preparation
Create a set of Shaded Parts Cards for each group of 2.
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each group a set of cards.
“Sort your cards in a way that makes sense to you. Then explain how you sorted them.”
3 minutes: partner work time
Share responses.
Activity
“Now, sort the cards into the categories shown on your paper. Think about what words you can use to describe the shape on each card. Write the letter of each card in the space for it's category.”
5 minutes: partner work time
Student Facing
Sort the cards into categories in a way that makes sense to you. Explain how you sorted the cards.
[IMG]
Sort your cards into these categories.
Write the letter of each card in the space for its category.
A fourth or quarter is shaded
[IMG]
A half is shaded
The whole shape is shaded
[IMG]
Not equal pieces
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Display card J.
“How can we describe this shape?” (It is a square. It is cut into halves. The whole shape is shaded.)
“When a shape is split into halves and they are both shaded, we say the whole shape is shaded or two of the halves are shaded.”
Repeat with card E.
“When a shape is split into fourths and they are all shaded, we say the whole shape is shaded or four of the fourths are shaded.”


correct_option_index: 2