few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units.

Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category.

Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.

Work with time and money.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of area and relate area to multiplication and to addition.

Measure and estimate lengths in standard units.

Tell and write time.

Solve problems involving measurement and estimation of intervals of time, liquid volumes, and masses of objects.

Geometric measurement: recognize perimeter as an attribute of plane figures and distinguish between linear and area measures.

Relate addition and subtraction to length.

Represent and interpret data.

Describe and compare measurable attributes.

Convert like measurement units within a given measurement system.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of angle and measure angles.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to solve a real-world problem that involves finding the volume of a figure composed of two right rectangular prisms. Unlike many other figures students have seen, this one can be decomposed into two rectangular prisms in only one way. Students may rearrange the two prisms to make a single, long rectangular prism.
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication.
Give students access to graph paper or connecting cubes as tools to use to design their own garden.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-Spatial Processing, Conceptual Processing, Organization
Launch
Display the picture of the garden from the student workbook:
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“This type of garden is called a raised bed garden because the plants are not in the ground.”
“If we planted a garden at our school, what vegetables would you want to grow?”
Activity
5 minutes: individual work time
5 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students who break the garden into two rectangular prisms, finding the volume of each, and for students who put them together to form a single rectangular prism.
Student Facing
The elementary school is going to build a raised bed garden like the one in the picture, but they will use a different design. Here is a diagram that shows the side lengths of the garden the school will build.
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What is the volume of the garden? Explain or show your reasoning.
Write an expression to represent the volume of the garden.
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Noah wants to design a garden with the same volume but different side lengths. What could the side lengths of his garden be?
Which garden design do you like better? Explain or show your reasoning.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Display the diagram of the garden from the task.
Invite students to share how they found its volume.
“What do the two parts of the garden have in common?” (They are both 4 feet tall and 3 feet wide.)
“What is different about the two parts of the garden?” (The length. One piece is 10 feet long and the other piece is 8 feet long.)
“How could you put the pieces together to make a single rectangular prism?” (The sides that are 3 feet by 4 feet fit together and the length would be 18 feet.)


correct_option_index: 4