few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Prove geometric theorems.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Make geometric constructions.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity students build off the specific calculations from the previous lesson to generalize the perimeter of a polygon inscribed in a circle of radius 1. The relatively unstructured presentation of this activity is purposeful. Students work with their groups to determine what information they need, how to calculate in the specific cases, and how they can express those repeated procedures in a generalized formula (MP8). Monitor for groups who have generalized any part of the process.
Digital
Launch
Encourage students to refer to the examples from the previous lesson as they work to generalize.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into manageable parts for students who benefit from support with organizational skills in problem solving. Check in with students after the first 2–3 minutes of work time. Look for students who are struggling to begin and review examples from the previous lesson. Record their thinking on a display and keep the work visible as students continue to work.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Student Facing
The applet shows a regular
\(n\)
-sided polygon inscribed in a circle.
Come up with a general formula for the perimeter of the polygon in terms of
\(n\)
.  Explain or show your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Encourage students to refer to the examples from the previous lesson as they work to generalize.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into manageable parts for students who benefit from support with organizational skills in problem solving. Check in with students after the first 2–3 minutes of work time. Look for students who are struggling to begin and review examples from the previous lesson. Record their thinking on a display and keep the work visible as students continue to work.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Student Facing
Here is one part of a regular
\(n\)
-sided polygon inscribed in a circle of radius 1.
Come up with a general formula for the perimeter of the polygon in terms of
\(n\)
.  Explain or show your reasoning.
[IMG]
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students are struggling invite them to go back to the problems from the previous lesson to generalize the process. (Draw in the altitude. Find the measure of the central angle. Find the length of the opposite leg.) Suggest students generalize each step before trying to write a single formula.
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously selected groups to share one step at a time:
generalize the angle measure
generalize the segment length
extend to the whole perimeter
Invite another student to summarize by explaining where each piece of
\(P=2n \boldcdot \sin \left( \frac{360}{2n} \right)\)
appears in the diagram.
Representing, Conversing: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
Use this routine to prepare students for the whole-class discussion. At the appropriate time, invite students to create a visual display showing their general formula for the perimeter of the polygon in terms of
\(n\)
and their reasoning. Allow students time to quietly circulate and analyze the formulas and reasoning in at least 2 other displays in the room. Give students quiet think time to consider what is the same and what is different. Next, ask students to find a partner to discuss what they noticed. Listen for and amplify observations that highlight what information each group used, any calculations they completed, and how they expressed those procedures in a generalized formula.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for generalization); Cultivate conversation


correct_option_index: 18

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