few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
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options: Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Prove geometric theorems.

Make geometric constructions.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Prove theorems involving similarity.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to identify examples of circles and triangles. The geometric terms
circle
and
triangle
are formally introduced, though some students may already be familiar with the terms and may have heard or used them in previous lessons. This activity exposes students to a wider variety of circles and triangles than they may have seen previously, which encourages students to expand their concepts of the shapes. Students may incorrectly identify some shapes as triangles or circles, particularly distactors, such as a shape that looks like a triangle but has 4 sides. These shapes can be discussion points and are expected throughout kindergarten. Students distinguish between defining and non-defining attributes of shapes in grade 1.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To support the transfer of new vocabulary to long term memory, invite students to chorally repeat these words in unison 1–2 times: circles, triangles.
Advances: Listening, Speaking
Representation: Access for Perception.
Synthesis: Students might need extra support determining that the oval and the pizza slice shapes are not circles or triangles. Hold up a triangle and circle next to the shapes to visually show that the oval and pizza slice shapes do not match the triangle and circle.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-Spatial Processing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Colored pencils or crayons
Required Preparation
Each student needs at least 2 different colored crayons or colored pencils.
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each student access to 2 different color crayons or colored pencils.
Display the image from the book.
“Mai put her shapes into 2 groups. What do you notice? Why do you think Mai put these shapes together?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
Share responses.
“What can we name each group?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
30 seconds: partner discussion
Share responses.
“We can call this group
circles
. All of the shapes in this group are circles. We can call this group
triangles
because all of the shapes in this group are triangles.”
“What do you know about circles?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
30 seconds: partner discussion
Share and record responses.
“What do you know about triangles?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
30 seconds: partner discussion
Share and record responses.
Display student workbook.
“Color all of the circles that you find with 1 color. Then color all of the triangles that you find with another color.”
Activity
4 minutes: independent work time
“Choose 1 triangle that you colored in. Tell your partner 1 thing that you know about that shape.”
30 seconds: quiet think time
30 seconds: partner discussion
“Write a number to show how many triangles you colored. Write a number to show how many circles you colored.”
1 minute: independent work time
“Did you color more triangles or more circles? How do you know?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
30 seconds: partner discussion
Student Facing
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Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Display shape from student book or draw shape:
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“Did you color this shape? Why or why not?” (I didn’t color the shape. It looks like a triangle but one of the sides is round.)
Display shape from student book or draw shape:
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“Did you color this shape? Why or why not?” (I didn’t color this shape. It looks like a circle but it is stretched out.)


correct_option_index: 0