few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Find whole-number quotients and remainders with up to four-digit dividends and one-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
problem_activity: Narrative
This activity develops students’ understanding of the vertical method of recording partial quotients and their ability to use it to perform division. One of the quotients here involves a remainder, prompting students to interpret it. Students are reminded that the term “remainder” is used to describe “leftovers” when dividing.
MLR2 Collect and Display.
Synthesis: Direct attention to words collected and displayed from the previous lessons. Invite students to borrow language from the display as needed, and update it throughout the lesson.
Advances: Conversing, Reading
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
3 minutes: independent work time on the first 2 problems.
Pause after problem 2 to discuss students’ responses.
Display the different ways that students decompose 389 to divide it by 7.
“Most other calculations we’ve seen so far end with a 0, but this one ends with a 4. What does the 4 tell us?” (We cannot make a group of 7 with 4 leftover. 389 is not a multiple of 7, and there are leftovers.)
“When we divide and end up with leftovers we call them remainders, because they represent what is remaining after we divide into equal groups.”
Display:
\(389 = 7 \times 55 + 4\)
“How does this equation show that
\(389 \div 7\)
has a remainder?” (It shows that 389 is not a multiple of 7. It also shows that 7 and 55 make a factor pair for 385, and 389 is 4 more than that.)
3 minutes: independent work time on the last 2 problems.
As students work on the last two problems monitor for students who:
start with the largest multiple of 3 and 10 within 702 that they can think of to decompose the dividend (690, 600).
use the fewest steps to find the quotient.
Student Facing
Jada used partial quotients to find out how many groups of 7 are in 389.
Analyze Jada’s steps in the algorithm.
[IMG]
Look at the three numbers above 389. What do they represent?
Look at the three subtractions below 389. What do they represent?
What is another way you can decompose 389 to divide by 7?
Is 389 a multiple of 7? Explain your reasoning.
Use an algorithm that uses partial quotients to find out how many groups of 3 are in 702.
Is 702 a multiple of 3? Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Display responses that show variation in how students decomposed 702 in problem 3.
Highlight that there are countless ways of using partial quotients to divide a number, but it may be more efficient to divide larger groups than smaller groups (for example, removing 350 once, as opposed to removing 70 five times. Removing smaller groups is just as valid, however.)
To help students see the relationship between corresponding partial products and partial quotients, consider illustrating them visually. Some examples:
[IMG]
[IMG]
[IMG]


correct_option_index: 2