few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Solve systems of equations.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Add and subtract within 20.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
problem_activity: Activity
Students solved equations of the form
\(x+p = q\)
and
\(px=q\)
in grade 6, but the equations only involved positive values. This activity bridges their understanding of a solution to an equation as a value that makes the equation true with their understanding of operations involving negative numbers from this unit. This activity builds on the work students have done in this lesson evaluating expressions at different values.
Monitor for students who:
take an arithmetic approach by substituting in values and evaluating. (Does
\(\text-2 \boldcdot (\text-4.5) = \text-9\)
?)
take an algebraic approach by writing an equivalent equation using an inverse operation (If
\(\text-2 \boldcdot x=\text-9\)
, then
\(x=\text-9 \div \text-2\)
.)
Digital
Launch
Allow students 5 minutes quiet work time followed by whole class discussion.
The digital version has an applet that allows students to see how many correct answers they have at any time.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
To support development of organizational skills, check in with students within the first 2-3 minutes of work time. Check to make sure students matched the correct solution to the first equation and can explain their reasoning with an arithmetic or algebraic approach.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Organization
Student Facing
Match each equation to a value that makes it true by dragging the answer to the corresponding equation. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Allow students 5 minutes quiet work time followed by whole class discussion.
The digital version has an applet that allows students to see how many correct answers they have at any time.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
To support development of organizational skills, check in with students within the first 2-3 minutes of work time. Check to make sure students matched the correct solution to the first equation and can explain their reasoning with an arithmetic or algebraic approach.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Organization
Student Facing
Match each equation to its solution.
\(\frac12 x=\text-5\)
\(\text-2x=\text-9\)
\(\text-\frac12 x=\frac14\)
\(\text-2x=7\)
\(x+\text-2 = \text-6.5\)
\(\text-2+x=\frac12\)
\(x = \text-4.5\)
\(x = \text-\frac12\)
\(x = \text-10\)
\(x = 4.5\)
\(x = 2 \frac12\)
\(x=\text-3.5\)
Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Select an equation for which there is a student who took an arithmetic approach and a student who took an algebraic approach. Ask students to share their reasoning for why a solution is correct. Sequence arithmetic approaches before algebraic approaches. An example of an arithmetic approach: “I know that -3.5 is the solution to
\(\text-2x=7\)
, because I know that
\(\text-2 \boldcdot (\text-3.5)=7\)
. An example of an algebraic approach: “If
\(\text-2x=7\)
, then I know that
\(x=7 \div \text-2\)
.) Record their work, side by side, for all to see. If there are no equations for which students took both approaches, present both approaches anyway. Tell students that either approach is valid, but that in the next unit they will see some more complicated equations for which one approach might be simpler than the other.
Representing, Conversing, Listening: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
Use this routine to support whole-class discussion. Ask students, “What is the same and what is different?” about how they matched the expressions. Connect strategies by showing the different ways operations are used in each approach (e.g., arithmetic method by substituting in values and evaluating; algebraic method by using an inverse operation). Use gestures, and color on the display to highlight these connections. This helps students use mathematical language as they reason about their strategies to evaluate equivalent equations.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness; Support sense-making


correct_option_index: 25