few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters.
B. Solve quadratic equations in one variable.


Thought: This task shows one quadratic equation with one variable, x.
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Standard options: 
A. Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line.
B. Construct an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle.


Thought: This task asks students to draw a ray that bisects an angle. The act of drawing circles and rays may involve compass and straightedge or dynamic geometric software.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: For exponential models, express as a logarithm the solution to ab^(ct) = d where a, c, and d are numbers and the base b is 2, 10, or e; evaluate the logarithm using technology.

Observe using graphs and tables that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing linearly, quadratically, or (more generally) as a polynomial function.

Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions.

Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pairs (include reading these from a table).
problem_activity: Optional activity
The goal of this task is to review the connections between different ways of expressing a relationship: a description, a graph, and likely an equation. Students begin by analyzing different graphs, finding one that matches a given description, and explaining how they know the graph is a correct representation (MP3). They then use their analyses to evaluate the function at a different input value, compare it to another exponential function, and sketch a graph of the second function.
Monitor for students who:
Articulate clearly how the features of the graph enable them to choose the correct graph to represent the depreciation of the first van.
Write an expression to answer questions about the value of either van.
Launch
Clarify the meaning of
depreciation
for students who may not know what it means.
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give them a moment to think quietly about the first question, and then share their response with a partner. They should be ready to explain to each other how they know that certain graphs
cannot
represent the given function.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. For example, invite students to highlight each important element in the problem statement in a different color (starting price, year, and percent depreciation). Invite students to use these same colors to identify corresponding elements on the graphs.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing
Student Facing
A small business bought a van for $40,000 in 2008. The van depreciates by 15% every year after its purchase.
Which graph correctly represents the value of the van as a function of years since its purchase? Be prepared to explain why each of the other graphs could not represent the function.
Graph A
[IMG]
Graph B
[IMG]
Graph C
[IMG]
Graph D
[IMG]
Find the value of the van 8 years after its purchase. Show your reasoning.
In the same year (2008), the business bought a second van that cost $10,000 less than the first van and depreciates at 10% per year. Would the second van be worth more or less than the first van 8 years after the purchase? Explain or show your reasoning.
On the same coordinate plane as the graph you chose in the first question, sketch a graph that shows the value of the second van, in dollars, as a function of years since its purchase.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may not be sure how to start calculating the value of the van after 8 years. Ask these students to make a table showing years since 2008 and the value of the van each year.
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to explain how they chose the graph that represents the value of the first van. Make sure students see that:
The $40,000 price of the van appears as the vertical intercept of the graph.
The 15% rate of decay tells you that after 1 year, the van loses 15% of its value, retaining 85% of its original value.
\((0.85) \boldcdot 40,\!000 = 34,\!000\)
, so the point
\((1, 34,\!000)\)
must be on the correct graph.
If students haven’t already shown (in their partner discussions) that they understood why graphs A, C, and D cannot be the right representations, clarify the reasons (as shown in the Student Response).
Conclude the discussion by selecting previously identified students to share how they used expressions to answer questions about the value of the vans over the years. If no students wrote expressions, invite them to do so now. Highlight that:
Calculating the decay factor means subtracting the depreciation from 100%. For example, the first van loses 15% of its value each year, which means each year, it is worth only 85% of the amount of the previous year.
To find the value after 8 years, we could write an expression (
\(40,\!000 \boldcdot (0.85)^t\)
for the first van and
\(30,\!000 \boldcdot (0.9)^t\)
for the second van, where
\(t\)
represents time in years since purchase) and calculate its value when the input is 8.
Representing, Conversing: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
Use this routine to prepare students for the whole class discussion. At the appropriate time, invite students to create a visual display that shows how they determined the values of each van 8 years after purchase. Groups should consider how to display their calculations so that another student can interpret them. Some groups may wish to add notes or details to their displays to help communicate their thinking. Give students 3–4 minutes to quietly circulate and observe at least two other visual displays in the room. Invite groups to discuss what they noticed about what is the same and what is different between their display and the others they observed. Listen for and amplify the language students use to interpret the exponential expressions that represent the situation.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Support sense-making


correct_option_index: 3