few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.

Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
problem_activity: Activity
This activity is intended to further students’ understanding of the graphs of proportional relationships in the following respects:
points on the graph of a proportional relationship can be interpreted in the context represented (MP2)
for these points, the quotient of the coordinates is—excepting
\((0,0)\)
—the constant of proportionality
if the first coordinate is 1, then the corresponding coordinate is
\(k\)
, the constant of proportionality.
Students explain correspondences between parts of the table and parts of the graph. The graph is simple so that students can focus on what a point means in the situation represented. Students need to realize, however, that the axes are marked in 10-unit intervals. The discussion questions are opportunities for students to construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others (MP3).
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 5 minutes of quiet work time followed by students discussing responses with a partner, followed by whole-class discussion.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts to support students who benefit from support with organizational skills in problem solving. For example, present one question at a time and monitor students to ensure they are making progress throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Speaking, Reading: MLR5 Co-Craft Questions.
To help students make sense of graphs of proportional relationships, start by displaying only the first line of this task (“Tyler was at the amusement park. He walked at a steady pace from the ticket booth to the bumper cars.”) and the graph. Ask students to write down possible mathematical questions that could be asked about the situation. Invite students to compare their questions before revealing the remainder of the questions. Listen for and amplify any questions involving correspondences between parts of the table and parts of the graph. This helps students produce the language of mathematical questions and talk about the relationship between distance and time.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness; Support sense-making
Student Facing
Tyler was at the amusement park. He walked at a steady pace from the ticket booth to the bumper cars.
The point on the graph shows his arrival at the bumper cars. What do the coordinates of the point tell us about the situation?
The table representing Tyler's walk shows other values of time and distance. Complete the table. Next, plot the pairs of values on the grid.
What does the point
\((0, 0)\)
mean in this situation?
How far away from the ticket booth was Tyler after 1 second? Label the point on the graph that shows this information with its coordinates.
What is the constant of proportionality for the relationship between time and distance? What does it tell you about Tyler's walk? Where do you see it in the graph?
[IMG]
| time                         (seconds) | distance                         (meters) |
|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|
|                   0                    |                     0                     |
|                   20                   |                    25                     |
|                   30                   |                   37.5                    |
|                   40                   |                    50                     |
|                   1                    |                                           |
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
If Tyler wanted to get to the bumper cars in half the time, how would the graph representing his walk change? How would the table change? What about the constant of proportionality?
Student Response
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click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
These questions can be used for discussion or for students who need scaffolding.
"What quantities are shown in the graph?" (Distance in meters that Tyler is from the ticket booth and time elapsed in seconds since he started walking.)
"How far is the ticket booth from the bumper cars?" (50 meters, assuming that Tyler walked in a straight line.) This is an opportunity for attention to precision (MP6) and making explicit assumptions about a situation (MP4).
"Do the values in your table show a proportional relationship? How do you know?" (Based on prior lessons in this unit, students should identify the relationship as proportional because for every point the unit rate is the same.)
"What do the coordinates of the points on the graph show?" (The first coordinate gives amount of time in seconds that elapsed since Tyler started walking. Its corresponding second coordinate shows how many meters away from the ticket booth Tyler was at the corresponding time, assuming that Tyler walked in a straight line.)
Activity Synthesis
After students work on the task, it is important to discuss how the axis labels and the description in the task statement help us interpret points on the graph.
Consider asking these questions:
"What quantities are shown in the graph?" (Distance in meters that Tyler is from the ticket booth and time elapsed in seconds since he started walking.)
"How far is the ticket booth from the bumper cars?" (50 meters, assuming that Tyler walked in a straight line.) This is an opportunity for attention to precision (MP6) and making explicit assumptions about a situation (MP4).
"Do the values in your table show a proportional relationship? How do you know?" (Based on prior lessons in this unit, students should identify the relationship as proportional because for every point the unit rate is the same.)
"What do the coordinates of the points on the graph show?" (The first coordinate gives amount of time in seconds that elapsed since Tyler started walking. Its corresponding second coordinate shows how many meters away from the ticket booth Tyler was at the corresponding time, assuming that Tyler walked in a straight line.)
Ask students for the equation of this proportional relationship. Finally ask where students see
\(k\)
, the constant of proportionality, in each representation, the equation, the graph, the table, and the verbal description of the situation.


correct_option_index: 1