few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Standard options: 
A. Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
B. Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
C. Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Standard options: 
A. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
B. Find whole-number quotients of whole numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
C. Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.


Thought: This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.
Answer: C

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Use facts about supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles in a multi-step problem to write and solve simple equations for an unknown angle in a figure.

Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, volume and surface area of two- and three-dimensional objects composed of triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, cubes, and right prisms.
problem_activity: Optional activity
In the previous activity, students relate the distance a wheel travels to the number of rotations the wheel has made. This activity introduces a new quantity, the
speed
the wheel travels. As long as the rate the wheel rotates does not change, there is a nice relationship between the distance the wheel travels,
\(d\)
, and the amount of time,
\(t\)
. With appropriate units,
\(d = rt\)
: here
\(r\)
is the speed the wheel travels, which can be calculated in terms of the rate at which the wheel spins. The goal of this activity is to develop and explore this relationship.
As they work on this activity, students will observe repeatedly that the distance the wheel travels is determined by the amount of time elapsed and the rate at which the wheel spins.
Watch for students who use the calculations that they have made in earlier problems as a scaffold for answering later questions. For example, when the car wheels rotate once per second, the car travels about 3.7 mph. When the wheels rotate 5 times per second, that means that the car will travel 5 times as fast or about 18.5 miles per hour. Ask these students to share their work during the discussion.
Launch
Remind students to be careful with units as they work through the problems. Also remind them that there are 5,280 feet in a mile and 12 inches in a foot.
Student Facing
The circumference of a car wheel is about 65 inches.
If the car wheel rotates once per second, how far does the car travel in one minute?
If the car wheel rotates once per second, about how many miles does the car travel in one hour?
If the car wheel rotates 5 times per second, about how many miles does the car travel in one hour?
If the car is traveling 65 miles per hour, about how many times per second does the wheel rotate?
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may do the calculations in feet but not know how to convert their answers to miles. Remind them that there are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.
Activity Synthesis
Have students share their solutions to the first question and emphasize the different ratios and rates that come up when solving this problem. There are
65 inches of distance traveled
per
rotation of the wheels
1 rotation of the wheel
per
second
60 seconds
per
minute
Finally, there are 12 inches
per
foot if students convert the answer to feet. While this is not essential, it is useful in the next problem as feet are a good unit for expressing both inches and miles.
For the last problem, different solutions are possible including:
In the second question, students have found that the car travels 19,500 feet in an hour if the wheels rotate once per second. This is about 3.7 miles. The number of rotations per second is proportional to the speed. So one way to find how many times the wheels rotate at 65 miles per hour would be to calculate
\(65 \div 3.7\)
.
Students could similarly use their answer to the third question, checking what multiple of 18.5 miles (the distance traveled in an hour at 5 rotations per second) gives 65.
A calculation can be done from scratch, checking how many inches are in 65 miles, how many seconds are in an hour, and then finding how many rotations of the wheel per second result in traveling 65 miles.
The first of these approaches should be stressed in the discussion as it uses the previous calculations students have made in an efficient way.
Conversing: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To help students to compare and justify their methods for answering the problem about the car traveling 65 mph, ask them to compare their responses with a partner. Listen for and amplify any language that describes different methods for calculations. Invite students to zero in on “why” there are more differences here. Provide students with question stems to help them compare and contrast, such as: “Do you have the same answer? If not, then why?” (Students may have estimated or converted differently or incorrectly.), “Did you use the same conversions for units?”, and “Why do your answers differ?”
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness; Cultivate conversation


correct_option_index: 1