few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction by a whole number.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Understand a fraction a/b with a > 1 as a sum of fractions 1/b.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
problem_activity: Problem 1
a.   Here are two tables with expressions. Find the value of each expression. Use a model if it's helpful. Leave the last two rows of each table blank for now.
|        **                 Set A                **         |      **                 Set B                **      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| **                      expression                     ** | **                      value                     ** | **                      expression                     ** | **                      value                     ** |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| **                      expression                     ** | **                      value                     ** |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$1\times\frac{1}{8}$$                   |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times\frac{1}{8}$$                   |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$3\times\frac{1}{8}$$                   |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$4\times\frac{1}{8}$$                   |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$5\times\frac{1}{8}$$                   |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$6\times\frac{1}{8}$$                   |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                                                           |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                                                           |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| **                      expression                     ** | **                      value                     ** |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times \frac{1}{3}$$                  |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times \frac{1}{4}$$                  |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times \frac{1}{5}$$                  |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times \frac{1}{6}$$                  |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times \frac{1}{7}$$                  |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
|                  $$2\times \frac{1}{8}$$                  |                                                      |                                                           |                                                      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
b.   Study your completed tables. What patterns do you see in how the expressions and values are related?
c.   In the last two rows of the table of Set A, write
$$\frac{11}{8}$$
and
$$\frac{13}{8}$$
in the "value" column. Write the expressions with that value.
d.   In the last two rows of the table of Set B, write
$$\frac{2}{12}$$
and
$$\frac{2}{15}$$
in the "value" column. Write the expressions with that value.
Problem 2
a.
Draw a model to represent
$$\frac{2}{3}$$
.
Show how you would use or adjust the model above to represent
$$4\times \frac{2}{3}$$
.
Based on your model in Part (ii), what is the value of
$$4\times \frac{2}{3}$$
?
b.   Find the value of each expression below. Draw a model if it would be helpful.
$$2\times \frac{1}{5}$$
$$2\times \frac{3}{5}$$
$$2\times \frac{4}{5}$$
$$6\times \frac{4}{5}$$
c.   Willa said that to multiply a whole number by a fraction, she’d multiply the whole number and the numerator and use the same denominator. Do you agree with Willa? Explain your reasoning.
Problem 3
a.   Find the number that makes each equation true. Draw a model if it is helpful.
| $$\frac{12}{5} = 12\space \times $$                                _____  | $$\frac{12}{5} = 3\space \times $$                                  _____ |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| $$\frac{12}{5} = 6\space \times $$                                  _____ | $$\frac{12}{5} = 2\space \times $$                                  _____ |
| $$\frac{12}{5} = 4\space \times $$                                  _____ | $$\frac{12}{5} = 1\space \times $$                                  _____ |
b.   Here are two sets of numbers:
| **                 Set A                ** |          **                 Set B                **          |
|--------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
|     1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11      | $$\frac17, \frac27,\frac37,\frac47,\frac57,\frac67,\frac77$$ |
Choose a number from Set A and a number from Set B to complete this equation and make it true:
$$\frac67 =$$
_____
$$\times$$
_____
Choose a different number from Set A and a number from Set B to complete the equation to make it true:
$$\frac67 =$$
_____
$$\times$$
_____
c.   Explain or show how you know that the two equations you wrote are both true.


correct_option_index: 0