few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Make geometric constructions.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Prove geometric theorems.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to practice drawing and describing figures with points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines.
Students draw two-dimensional figures and then describe it to their partner. Their partner attempts to draw the figure without seeing it, making it important to use precise language to communicate important features of the figure (MP6).
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Provide students with access to definitions or reminders of recently learned terms, such as: ray, line segment, right angle, acute angle, obtuse angle, perpendicular lines, parallel lines.
Supports accessibility for: Memory, Conceptual Processing, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Rulers or straightedges
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
5 minutes: independent work time
8–10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for diagrams that reflect a variety of geometric features.
Monitor for students who consider both geometric features and measurement in the description.
Student Facing
Create a two-dimensional shape that has at least 3 of the following:
ray
line segment
right angle
acute angle
obtuse angle
perpendicular lines
parallel lines
Without showing your partner, describe the figure so that your partner is able to draw it as best as possible.
Switch roles, and draw your partner’s shape based on their description.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite previously selected students to share.
“What would have helped your partner make a more accurate drawing?” (If I described the measure of the angle, measure of the line segment, the location, a grid, using a straight edge)


correct_option_index: 19