few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Understand place value.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)

Extend the counting sequence.

Understand the place value system.

Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to order numbers. Students estimate the location and label numbers on a number line, and then write them in order from least to greatest or greatest to least. For the third set of numbers, students may order the numbers using any method that makes sense to them. Students reflect on how the number line can help us organize numbers (MP5). Throughout the activity, monitor for the way students explain their reasoning based on place value and the relative position of numbers on the number line.
Representation: Access for Perception.
Use index cards, clothespins, and string to demonstrate the number line. Give students the numbers on the index cards and have them physically act it out by finding their place on the number line.
Supports accessibility for: Memory, Organization, Conceptual Processing
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
“Now you will have a chance to order numbers.”
“Sometimes you will put them in order from least to greatest, and sometimes it will be from greatest to least.”
10 minutes: independent work time
“Compare with a partner. Explain your thinking.”
5 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students who order the last set of numbers by:
explaining their reasoning using precise place value language
placing each number on the number line before ordering the numbers
Student Facing
Estimate the location of 839, 765, 788, 815, and 719 on the number line.
Mark each number with a point. Label the point with the number it represents.
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Order the numbers from
least to greatest.
_______, _______, _______, _______, _______
Estimate the location of 199, 245, 173, 218, and 137 on the number line.
Mark each number with a point. Label the point with the number it represents.
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Order the numbers from
greatest to least.
_______, _______, _______, _______, _______
Order the numbers from
least to greatest.
545, 454, 405, 504, and 445
_______, _______, _______, _______, _______
Explain or show your thinking. Use the number line if it helps.
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Was it more helpful for you to put the numbers in order first or put them on the number line first? Explain.
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Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students locate the numbers on the number line, but reverse the order given in the problem, consider asking:
“How did you decide the order of your numbers?”
“Does your list show the numbers in order from least to greatest or greatest to least?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share their reasoning.
“How are the numbers you labeled on the number line the same as the list of numbers you wrote? How are they different?” (For least to greatest, its the same. The difference is the number line shows the distance between each number, but the list of numbers shows them right next to each other.)


correct_option_index: 1