few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions with rational coefficients.

Understand that rewriting an expression in different forms in a problem context can shed light on the problem and how the quantities in it are related. For example, a + 0.05a = 1.05a means that “increase by 5%” is the same as “multiply by 1.05.”
problem_activity: Activity
This activity offers four word problems. Depending on time constraints, you may have all students complete all four problems or assign a different problem to each group. The problems increase in difficulty. It is suggested that students create a visual display of one of the problems and do a gallery walk or presentation, but if time is short you may choose to just have students work in their workbooks or devices.
Launch
Keep students in the same groups. Either instruct students to complete all four problems or assign one problem to each group. If opting to have students do presentations or a gallery walk, distribute tools for making a visual display.
Give students 5–6 minutes quiet work time and partner discussion followed by a whole-class discussion or gallery walk.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Represent the same information through different modalities by using diagrams, equations, or other drawings to depict the situation. If students are unsure where to begin, suggest that they draw a diagram to help organize the information provided. During the Synthesis, annotate drawings to illustrate connections between representations.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Visual-spatial processing
Reading, Representing: MLR6 Three Reads.
Use this routine to support reading comprehension of the first problem without solving it for students. For the first read, read the situation to students, without revealing the final question. Ask students "What is this question about?" (A store is having a sale. Diego is buying shoes with a coupon). In the second read, ask students to name the important quantities (e.g., discount of 20%, coupon for
$
3 off of the regular price, Diego pays
$
18.40), and then create a diagram to represent the relationships among these quantities. After the third read, ask students to brainstorm possible strategies to answer the question, “What was the original price before the sale and without the coupon?” This will help students connect the language in the word problem and reasoning needed to solve percent problems.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
A store is having a sale where all shoes are discounted by 20%. Diego has a coupon for
$
3 off of the regular price for one pair of shoes. The store first applies the coupon and then takes 20% off of the reduced price. If Diego pays
$
18.40 for a pair of shoes, what was their original price before the sale and without the coupon?
Before the sale, the store had 100 pairs of flip flops in stock. After selling some, they notice that
\(\frac35\)
of the flip flops they have left are blue. If the store has 39 pairs of blue flip flops, how many pairs of flip flops (any color) have they sold?
When the store had sold
\(\frac29\)
of the boots that were on display, they brought out another 34 pairs from the stock room. If that gave them 174 pairs of boots out, how many pairs were on display originally?
On the morning of the sale, the store donated 50 pairs of shoes to a homeless shelter. Then they sold 64% of their remaining inventory during the sale. If the store had 288 pairs after the donation and the sale, how many pairs of shoes did they have at the start?
Student Response
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Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
A coffee shop offers a special: 33% extra free or 33% off the regular price. Which offer is a better deal? Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
If students created a visual display and you opt to conduct a gallery walk, ask students to post their solutions. Distribute sticky notes and ask students to read others’ solutions, using the sticky notes to leave questions or comments. Give students a moment to review any questions or comments left on their display.
Invite any students who chose to draw a diagram to share; have the class agree or disagree with their diagrams and suggest any revisions. Next, invite students who did not try to draw a diagram to share strategies. Ask students about any difficulties they had creating the expressions and equations. Highlight equivalent expressions that represent the same quantity and different strategies for solving equations.


correct_option_index: 1