few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Make geometric constructions.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Prove geometric theorems.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
problem_activity: Warm-up
In this warm-up, students compare and contrast two ways of decomposing and rearranging a parallelogram on a grid such that its area can be found. It serves a few purposes: to reinforce the work done in the previous lesson; to allow students to practice communicating their observations; and to shed light on the features of a parallelogram that are useful for finding area—a base and a corresponding height.
The flow of key ideas—to be uncovered during discussion and gradually throughout the lesson—is as follows:
There are multiple ways to decompose a parallelogram (with one cut) and rearrange it into a rectangle whose area we can determine.
The cut can be made in different places, but to compose a rectangle, the cut has to be at a
right angle
to two opposite sides of the parallelogram.
The length of one side of this newly composed rectangle is the same as the length of one side of the parallelogram. We use the term
base
to refer to this side.
The length of the other side of the rectangle is the length of the cut we made to the parallelogram. We call this segment a
height
that corresponds to the chosen base.
We use these two lengths to determine the area of the rectangle, and thus also the area of the parallelogram.
As students work and discuss, identify those who make comparisons in terms of the first two points so they could share later. Be sure to leave enough time to discuss the first four points as a class.
Teacher Notes for IM 6–8 Accelerated
Adjust the timing of this activity to 5 minutes.
Digital
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 2 minutes of quiet think time and access to geometry toolkits. Ask them to share their responses with a partner afterwards.
If using the digital activity, have students explore the applet for 3 minutes individually, and then discuss with a partner. Students will be able to see the cuts by dragging the point on the segment under the parallelogram.
Student Facing
Elena and Tyler were finding the area of this parallelogram:
[IMG]
Move the slider to see how Tyler did it:
Move the slider to see how Elena did it:
How are the two strategies for finding the area of a parallelogram the same? How they are different?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 2 minutes of quiet think time and access to geometry toolkits. Ask them to share their responses with a partner afterwards.
If using the digital activity, have students explore the applet for 3 minutes individually, and then discuss with a partner. Students will be able to see the cuts by dragging the point on the segment under the parallelogram.
Student Facing
Elena and Tyler were finding the area of this parallelogram:
[IMG]
Here is how Elena did it:
[IMG]
Here is how Tyler did it:
[IMG]
How are the two strategies for finding the area of a parallelogram the same? How they are different?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Ask a few students to share what was the same and what was different about the methods they observed.
Highlight the following points on how Elena and Tyler's approaches are the same, though do not expect students to use the language. Instead, rely on pointing and gesturing to make clear what is meant. If any of these are not mentioned by the students, share them.
The rectangles are identical; they have the same side lengths. (Label the side lengths of the rectangles.)
The cuts were made in different places, but the length of the cuts was the same. (Label the lengths along the vertical cuts.)
The horizontal sides of the parallelogram have the same length as the horizontal sides of the rectangle. (Point out how both segments have the same length.)
The length of each cut is also the distance between the two horizontal sides of the parallelogram. It is also the vertical side length of the rectangle. (Point out how that distance stays the same across the horizontal length of the parallelogram.)
[IMG]
Begin to connect the observations to the terms
base
and
height
. For example, explain:
“The two measurements that we see here have special names. The length of one side of the parallelogram—which is also the length of one side of the rectangle—is called a
base
. The length of the vertical cut segment—which is also the length of the vertical side of the rectangle—is called a
height
that corresponds to that base.”
“Here, the side of the parallelogram that is 7 units long is also called a base. In other words, the word
base
is used for both the segment and the measurement.”
Tell students that we will explore bases and heights of a parallelogram in this lesson.


correct_option_index: 22