few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Add and subtract within 20.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Solve systems of equations.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to make connections between written numbers and expressions. In the activity synthesis, students see each teen number written as an equation. In this unit, when reading equations to students, read the equal sign as “is.” For example, read
\(10 + 3 = 13\)
as “10 plus 3 is 13.” The equal sign will be read as “equals” in the next unit.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: At the appropriate time, give students 2–3 minutes to make sure that everyone in their group can explain how they organized the numbers and expressions. Invite groups to rehearse what they will say when they share with the whole class.
Advances: Speaking, Conversing, Representing
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Some students would benefit from having clear examples of the expectation of group work in this activity. Invite students to generate a list of shared expectations for group work. Ask students to share explicit examples of what those expectations would look like in this activity.
Supports accessibility for: Social-Emotional Functioning
Required Materials
Materials to Copy
Numbers and Expressions Cards
Required Preparation
Create a set of cards from the blackline master for each group of 4.
Launch
Groups of 4
Give each group of students a set of cards.
“Work with your group to organize the cards in a way that makes sense to you.”
Activity
6 minutes: small-group work time
Monitor for students who organize the numbers and expressions as shown in the sample response.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite a group of students to share how they organized the numbers and expressions or display the image in student responses.
“What do you notice about the numbers and expressions when they are arranged this way?” (They’re in the order that we count. The first number stays the same. The second number is 1 more each time. All the expressions have a 10. The second number starts at 1 and is one more each time. The expressions match the numbers.)
“Which number does
\(10 + 1\)
represent? How do you know?” (11)
“
\(10 + 1\)
is 11. We can write that as
\(10 + 1 = 11\)
.”
Demonstrate writing equations for each number and expression.


correct_option_index: 5