few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Add and subtract within 20.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Solve systems of equations.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
problem_activity: Task
Sara's doctor tells her she needs between 400 and 800 milligrams of folate per day, with part coming from her diet and part coming from a multi-vitamin. Each multi-vitamin contains 50 mg of folate, and because of the inclusion of other vitamins and minerals, she can only take a maximum of 8 tablets per day.
What are the possible combinations of $n$, number of vitamin tablets taken, and $a$, the amount of dietary folate, which will give Sarah exactly the minimum of 400 mg of folate each day? Express your answers in a table.
What are the possible combinations of vitamin tablets and dietary folate which give the maximum of 800 mg of folate each day?
Now use your tables from parts (i) and (ii) to express your answers as a system of three inequalities. Create a graph of $a$ versus $n$, and compare your graph to your tables from parts (i) and (ii).
Suppose instead of a multi-vitamin, Sara is given a powdered folate supplement she can add to water. She can drink any amount of the supplement she wants per day, as long as she does not exceed 400 mg per day. What are the possible combinations of folate she can ingest from her diet and from the powder? Graph your solution set. How does this graph compare to the graph from part (a)?


correct_option_index: 8