few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Prove geometric theorems.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Make geometric constructions.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is to sort quadrilaterals by their attributes. By now students may be inclined to look for sides of equal lengths and for right angles. They may not look for parallel sides (and are not expected to know the term “parallel”), but may notice that some quadrilaterals have pairs of sides that are oriented in the same direction (MP7). Encourage students to describe such observations in their own words.
The quadrilateral cards from this activity will be used in the next lesson and in centers.
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Bags or envelopes
Materials to Copy
Quadrilateral Cards Grade 3
Required Preparation
Create a set of cards from the blackline master for each group of 2 or 4.
Bags or envelopes can be used to store sets of cards from this activity for use in the next lesson.
Launch
Groups of 2 or 4
Distribute one set of pre-cut cards to each group of students.
“What do you notice about the shapes on this set of cards?” (There are 20 shapes. All the shapes are quadrilaterals. Some have right angles and some don’t.)
1 minute: quiet think time
Activity
“Just like the last activity, sort cards into categories that you and your partner choose.”
8 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for different attributes that students use to sort the shapes.
Student Facing
Sort the quadrilaterals into categories. Record your categories and be prepared to explain how you sorted the shapes.
[IMG]
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
“Display your sorted cards so that others can see them.”
“Visit another group’s cards and see if you can figure out how they sorted their quadrilaterals. Be prepared to share your reasoning.”
2–3 minutes: Students visit other groups’ displays.
Invite each group to share how the cards were sorted and their reasoning. Record and display the attributes students use to categorize the quadrilaterals.
Attend to the language that students use to describe the categories and shapes, giving them opportunities to describe the shapes more precisely.
Highlight the use of terms like “equal sides” and “right angles.”


correct_option_index: 9