few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Standard options: 
A. Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
B. Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
C. Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Standard options: 
A. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
B. Find whole-number quotients of whole numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
C. Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.


Thought: This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.
Answer: C

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
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options: Recognize area as an attribute of plane figures and understand concepts of area measurement.

Measure areas by counting unit squares (square cm, square m, square in, square ft, and improvised units).

Relate area to the operations of multiplication and addition.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to compare shapes by covering them with pattern blocks. Students experience tiling as a way to see which shape covers the most space. There are several ways to tile the shapes, but it may prove most useful to use the same units, such as triangles. The rectangle can only be fully tiled with square pattern blocks. To compare shapes B and C, students will need to notice that the rectangle and parallelogram can be made the same length, but the square pattern blocks used to tile the rectangle are taller than the blocks used to tile the parallelogram.
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The work here prepares students to tile figures with square tiles in the next lesson and to think of area in terms of square units.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: Create a visual display of shapes A, B, and C. As students discuss their comparisons, annotate the display with their observations. For example, when comparing shape B to C, write “same length, but taller.”
Advances: Speaking, Listening
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication.
Synthesis: Identify connections between strategies that result in the same outcomes but use differing approaches.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Pattern blocks
Scissors
Materials to Copy
Pattern Blocks to Compare Shapes
Required Preparation
Each group of 2 needs at least 2 hexagons and trapezoids,  4 squares and rhombuses, and 8 triangles.
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each student a copy of the blackline master.
Give each group pattern blocks.
Display the first two shapes (the hexagon and the heart-shaped octagon).
“What do you notice? What do you wonder?” (Students may notice: Both shapes could be made with pattern blocks. The second shape looks like the first shape, but it’s been bent. Students may wonder: Which shape covers more space? Which shape is larger?)
1 minute: quiet think time
Share and record responses.
“Which shape covers more space? How do you know?” (We can cover them with the same blocks, so they cover the same amount of space.)
2 minutes: partner discussion
Share and record responses.
Activity
“Let's continue comparing shapes. Work with your partner to decide which of these shapes covers the most space. Use pattern blocks if they are helpful.”
5 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who:
use pattern blocks to determine which shape covers the most space
notice that shape B and C would be the same length if one of the ends of B was moved over, but C covers more space because it is taller
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you handouts with some shapes on them.
Use pattern blocks to decide which shape covers the most space. Be ready to explain your reasoning.
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Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Ask selected students to share strategies for tiling each shape with pattern blocks and how the tiling helped them decide which shape covers the most space.
“When we decide which shape covers the most space, we are talking about the area of a shape. We can think about the
area as the amount of space covered by a shape.”
“Which of these shapes has the greatest area?” (C takes up the most space, so it has the greatest area.)


correct_option_index: 0