few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Standard options: 
A. Solve linear equations in one variable.
B. Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.


Thought: The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Use place value understanding to round decimals to any place.

Read, write, and compare decimals to thousandths.

Explain patterns in the number of zeros of the product when multiplying a number by powers of 10, and explain patterns in the placement of the decimal point when a decimal is multiplied or divided by a power of 10. Use whole-number exponents to denote powers of 10.

Recognize that in a multi-digit number, a digit in one place represents 10 times as much as it represents in the place to its right and 1/10 of what it represents in the place to its left.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to convert between measurements in milliliters and liters, providing practice multiplying and dividing by 1,000. Students work with numbers in many forms including whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and numbers in exponential form.
Engagement: Internalize Self-Regulation.
Synthesis: Provide students an opportunity to self-assess and reflect on their own progress. For example, provide students with a partially completed chart to compare their answers and talk about the similarities and differences with their partners.
Supports accessibility for: Attention; Memory; Social-Emotional Functioning
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the image.
“What do you notice? What do you wonder?” (There are different sized water bottles. There are numbers underneath the water bottles. How much more water does the big one hold than the little one? How many milliliters are in a liter?)
Display a table like this one:
|  L  |   mL    |
|-----|---------|
|  1  |  1,000  |
| 10  |         |
| 0.1 |         |
|     | 100,000 |
|     |   10    |
“What numbers go in the empty boxes in the table?”
30 seconds quiet think time
“Explain your thinking to a partner.”
Fill in the table and leave it displayed for students to refer to during the lesson.
|  L   |   mL    |
|------|---------|
|  1   |  1,000  |
|  10  | 10,000  |
| 0.1  |   100   |
| 100  | 100,000 |
| 0.01 |   10    |
Activity
3–5 minutes: independent work time
1–2 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students who:
compare the quantities by converting milliliters to liters
compare by converting liters to milliliters
Student Facing
[IMG]
Complete the table.
|    L     |    mL    |
|----------|----------|
|    5     |          |
|   6.3    |          |
|   0.95   |          |
| \(10^2\) |          |
|          | 800,000  |
|          | \(10^6\) |
|          |    65    |
Decide if the two measurements are equal. If not, choose which one is greater. Explain or show your reasoning.
15 mL and 0.15 L
2,500 mL and 2.5 L
200 mL and
\(\frac{1}{4}\)
L
1 mL and
\(\frac{1}{1,000}\)
L
15,600 mL and 15.5 L
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students confuse the operations they need to use to convert milliliters to liters or liters to milliliters, refer to the table from the launch and ask, “What patterns do you notice?”
If necessary, add rows to the table and ask them to explain how many milliliters of water are in 2 liters of water and 3 liters of water, and 0.001 liter of water.
Activity Synthesis
Invite selected students to share how they compared the measurements.
Display: 15,600 mL and 15.5 L
“How many liters are 15,600 milliliters? How do you know?” (15.6 since I divide by 1,000)
“How many milliliters are 15.5 liters? How do you know?” (15,500 since there are 1,000 milliliters in each liter so that’s 15,000 and half of a thousand which is 500.)
“Which is greater? 15,600 milliliters or 15.5 liters? How do you know?” (15,600 mL because I can compare them using either liters or milliliters.)
“When you solved this problem, did you convert from milliliters to liters or from liters to milliliters? Why?” (I converted from liters to milliliters because multiplying by 1,000 is more comfortable than dividing by 1,000.)


correct_option_index: 2