few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.

Perform operations on vectors.

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.

Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.

Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.

Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.

Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.

Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.

Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.

Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.

Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.

Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.

Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.

Represent and model with vector quantities.
problem_activity: Warm-up
By now students have written many division equations based on verbal descriptions of situations. This warm-up prompts them to go in the other direction: to interpret a division expression and write a fitting question the expression could help answer. Then, they trade descriptions with a partner and reason about the value of the same expression in someone else’s story.
As students write their descriptions, look out for scenarios that are unclear and ask their authors clarifying questions. Select 2–3 students whose descriptions clearly match the expression to share later.
Students may struggle to answer their partner’s question because the descriptions are confusing or do not match the given expression. Encourage them to ask the questions they have about the description, but still try to find the answer to the given expression.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Explain to students the two halves of this activity: to write a situation and a question that can be represented by the equation
\(12 \div \frac23 = ?\)
, and to trade papers with their partner and find the answer to their partner’s question.
Give 2 minutes of quiet think time for the first question, another minute for the second question, and follow with a whole-class discussion.
Student Facing
Think of a situation with a question that can be represented by the equation
\(12 \div \frac23 = \,?\)
Describe the situation and the question.
Trade descriptions with your partner, and answer your partner’s question.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may struggle writing a context. Ask them to reflect on the work they have done and what the division expression means for them, or suggest that they write related multiplication expressions to help them understand the division expression.
Activity Synthesis
Ask selected students to share their stories with the whole group. After each student shares, have another student explain how the story matches the division equation. Afterward, ask these and other students for the value of the given expression, and write and display the completed division equation for all to see.
If not already mentioned by students, highlight that the answer is the same for all scenarios because they are all based on the same division expression.


correct_option_index: 2