few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Prove geometric theorems.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Make geometric constructions.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to begin to distinguish triangles from other shapes. By working with variants and non-examples of triangles, students begin to develop their understanding of what makes a shape a triangle. Students may more easily identify equilateral triangles as triangles but may also identify other examples as triangles. When students discuss with their group which group a shape should be placed in, students informally describe the attributes of the shape (MP6).
Required Materials
Materials to Copy
Triangle Sort Cards
Required Preparation
Cut out triangle cards from the blackline master. Each group of 4 needs 1 set of cards.
Launch
Groups of 4
Give each group a set of cards.
“Work with your group to sort the shapes into 2 groups. Put the shapes that are triangles on the left side of your page. Put the shapes that are not triangles on the right side of your page. When you place a shape, tell your group why you think the shape belongs in that group.”
Activity
4 minutes: small-group work time
Monitor for students who discuss attributes of triangles when sorting.
“Write a number to show how many shapes are in each group.”
1 minute: independent work time
“Walk around to see how the other groups organized their shapes. Did they organize them the same way that your group did?”
6 minutes: work time
Student Facing
Let’s put the shapes into 2 groups.
Triangle
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Not a Triangle
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Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
I
f students put shapes other than triangles into the group of triangles, consider asking:
“How did you choose which group to put this shape in?”
“What is alike, or the same, about all of the shapes in this group?”
Activity Synthesis
Display cards O, K, and G next to each other.
“Noah says that the shape in the middle is not a triangle because it is pointing down and triangles have to point up. Do you agree with Noah? Why or why not?“


correct_option_index: 17