few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.
problem_activity: Activity
In this task, students calculate and interpret both
\(\frac{a}{b}\)
and
\(\frac{b}{a}\)
from a ratio
\(a:b\)
presented in a context. They work with less-familiar units. The term
unit rate
is introduced so that students have a general name for a “how many per 1” quantity.
In the first half of the task, students practice computing unit rates from ratios. In the second half they practice selecting the better unit rate to use (
\(\frac{a}{b}\)
or
\(\frac{b}{a}\)
) based on the question posed.
As students work on the second half of the task, identify 1–2 students per question to share their choice of unit rate and how it was used to answer the question.
Launch
Recap that in the previous activity the ratio of 15 cups water for every 6 cups oats can be expressed as two rates “per 1”. These rates are 0.4 cups of oats per cup of water or 2.5 cups of water per cup of oats. Emphasize that, in a table, each of these rates reflects a value paired with a “1” in a row, and that both can be useful depending on the problem at hand. Tell students that we call 0.4 and 2.5 “unit rates” and that a unit rate means “the amount of one quantity for 1 of another quantity.”
Arrange students in groups of 2. Tell students that they will now solve some problems using unit rates. Give students 3–4 minutes to complete the first half of the task (the first three problems). Ask them to share their responses with their partner and come to an agreement before moving on to the second half. Clarify that “oz” is an abbreviation for “ounce.”
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Create a display of important terms and vocabulary. Invite students to suggest language or diagrams to include that will support their understanding of these terms. Include the following term and maintain the display for reference throughout the unit: unit rate.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Language
Writing, Listening: MLR6 Three Reads.
Use this routine to set students up to comprehend each situation, without solving the questions for them. In the first read, students read the situation with the goal of comprehending the situation (e.g., a cheesecake recipe contains cream cheese and sugar, Mai’s family drinks milk regularly, Tyler has raffle tickets). In the second read, ask students to identify the important quantities by asking them what can be counted or measured (e.g., 12 oz of cream cheese with 15 oz of sugar, 10 gallons of milk every 6 weeks, $16 for 4 raffle tickets). In the third read, ask students to brainstorm possible mathematical solution strategies to answer the question. This helps students connect the ratio language used in the problem to identify a strategy for finding a unit rate.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making
Student Facing
For each situation, find the
unit rates
.
A cheesecake recipe says, “Mix 12 oz of cream cheese with 15 oz of sugar.”
How many ounces of cream cheese are there for every ounce of sugar?
How many ounces of sugar is that for every ounce of cream cheese?
Mai’s family drinks a total of 10 gallons of milk every 6 weeks.
How many gallons of milk does the family drink per week?
How many weeks does it take the family to consume 1 gallon of milk?
Tyler paid
$
16 for 4 raffle tickets.
What is the price per ticket?
How many tickets is that per dollar?
For each problem, decide which unit rate from the previous situations you prefer to use. Next, solve the problem, and show your thinking.
If Lin wants to make extra cheesecake filling, how much cream cheese will she need to mix with 35 ounces of sugar?
How many weeks will it take Mai’s family to finish 3 gallons of milk?
How much would all 1,000 raffle tickets cost?
Student Response
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Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Write a “deal” on tickets for Tyler’s raffle that sounds good, but is actually a little worse than just buying tickets at the normal price.
Student Response
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click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students are not sure how to use the unit rates they found for each situation to answer the second half of the task, remind them of how the oatmeal problem was solved. Suggest that this problem is similar because they can scale up from a unit rate to answer the questions.
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share their work on the second half (the last three questions) of the task.
Though the task prompts students to think in terms of unit rate, some students may still reason in ways that feel safer. For example, to find out how much cream cheese Lin would mix with 35 oz of sugar, they may double the 12 oz of cream cheese to 15 oz of sugar ratio to obtain 24 oz of cream cheese for 30 oz of sugar, and then add 4 oz more of cream cheese for the additional 5 oz of sugar. Such lines of reasoning show depth of understanding and should be celebrated. Guide students to also see, however, that some problems (such as the milk problem) can be more efficiently solved using unit rates.
For the ticket problem, students may comment that
\(\frac14\)
of a ticket costing a dollar does not make sense, since it is not possible to purchase
\(\frac14\)
of a ticket. Take this opportunity to applaud the student(s) for reasoning about the interpretation of the number in the context, which is an example of engaging in MP2. If students do not raise this concern, ask: “How can
\(\frac14\)
of a ticket costing a dollar make sense?” Students may argue that the quantity, on its own, does not make sense. Challenge them to figure out how the rate could be used in the context of the problem. For example, ask, “If I had
$
80, how many tickets could I buy? What if I had
$
75? Can the ‘
\(\frac14\)
of a ticket per dollar’ rate help answer these questions?”


correct_option_index: 1