few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Standard options: 
A. Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
B. Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
C. Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Standard options: 
A. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
B. Find whole-number quotients of whole numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
C. Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.


Thought: This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.
Answer: C

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Weigh the possible outcomes of a decision by assigning probabilities to payoff values and finding expected values.

Use probabilities to make fair decisions (e.g., drawing by lots, using a random number generator).

Analyze decisions and strategies using probability concepts (e.g., product testing, medical testing, pulling a hockey goalie at the end of a game).
problem_activity: Task
A seven-year-old boy has a favorite treat, Super Fruity Fruit Snax.
These "Fruit Snax" come in pouches of 10 snack pieces per pouch, and the pouches are generally sold by the box, with each box containing 4 pouches.
The snack pieces come in 5 different fruit flavors, and usually each pouch contains at least one piece from each of the 5 flavors. The website of the company that manufactures the product says that equal numbers of each of the 5 fruit flavors are produced and that pouches are filled in such a way that each piece added to a pouch is equally likely to be any one of the five flavors.
Of all the 5 fruit flavors, the seven-year-old boy likes mango the best. One day, he was very disappointed when he opened a pouch and there were no (zero) mango flavored pieces in the pouch. His mother (a statistician) assured him that this was no big deal and just happens by chance sometimes.
If the information on the company's website is correct,
What proportion of the population of snack pieces is mango flavored?
On average, how many mango flavored pieces should the boy expect in a pouch of 10 snack pieces?
What is the chance that a pouch of 10 would have no mango flavored pieces? Was the mother's statement reasonable? Explain. (Hint: if none of the 10 independently selected pieces are mango, then all 10 pieces are "not mango.")
The family then finds out that there were in fact no mango flavored pieces in any of the 4 pouches in the box they purchased. Again, if the information on the company's website is correct,
What is the chance that an entire box of 4 pouches would have no mango flavored pieces? (Hint: How is this related to your answer to question (iii) in part (a)?)
Based on your answer and based on the fact that this event of an entire box with "no mangoes" happened to this family, would you be concerned about the company's claims, or would you say that such an event is not surprising given the company's claims? Explain.


correct_option_index: 2