few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

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im_task_000157

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fl_problem_000674

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options: Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Make geometric constructions.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Prove geometric theorems.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
problem_activity: Activity
During this activity students are asked to compute the perimeter of inscribed regular polygons given only the radius. They will need to figure out that drawing in the altitude will form a right triangle. Drawing this auxiliary segment shows students recognize the important structure of right triangles to calculate missing information (MP7). In this activity students are building towards an equation to approximate the value of
\(\pi\)
which they will complete in the next lesson.
Launch
Provide the definitions of a regular polygon (a polygon where all of the sides are congruent and all the angles are congruent), pentagon (5-sided polygon), and decagon (10-sided polygon) as needed.
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Create a display of important terms and vocabulary. During the launch, take time to review terms that students will need to access for this activity. Invite students to suggest language or diagrams to include that will support their understanding of: regular polygons, pentagons, and decagons. Include definitions as well as diagrams for students to refer to throughout the lesson.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Language
Student Facing
Here is a square inscribed in a circle with radius 1 meter. What is the perimeter of the square? Explain or show your reasoning.
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What is the perimeter of a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle with radius 1 meter? Explain or show your reasoning.
What is the perimeter of a regular decagon inscribed in a circle with radius 1 meter? Explain or show your reasoning.
What is happening to the perimeter as the number of sides increases?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Here is a diagram of a square inscribed in a circle and another circle inscribed in the same square.
[IMG]
How much shorter is the perimeter of the small circle than the perimeter of the large circle?
If the square was replaced with a regular polygon with more sides, would your previous answer be larger, smaller, or the same? Explain or show your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students are spending too long attempting to draw the pentagon or decagon, provide them with a circle that has 10 equally spaced points.
If students are stuck after sketching the diagram ask them what helpful auxiliary lines they could draw. (Connect the center to the other vertices to make triangles. The altitude would create right triangles so I can use trigonometry.)
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Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their strategies. Focus on students who repeated the same strategy for multiple questions.
Use the applet to demonstrate what happens with the perimeter of the inscribed polygon as the number of sides increases.
Ask students what they noticed. Connect the generalizations they make with the noticing and wondering they did in the warm-up. If not mentioned by students, ask students what the circumference of the circle is. (
\(2\pi\)
) Build anticipation for calculating the value of
\(\pi\)
in the next lesson.
If students are not using workbooks tell them to be extra careful to put this work in a safe place because they will use it in the next lesson.
Writing, Listening, Conversing: MLR1 Stronger and Clearer Each Time.
Use this routine to help students improve their writing, by providing them with multiple opportunities to clarify their explanations through conversation. Give students time to meet with 2–3 partners to share and get feedback on their work. Display prompts for feedback that students can use to help their partner strengthen and clarify their ideas. For example, "Your explanation tells me . . .", "Can you say more about why you . . . ?", and "A detail (or word) you could add is _____, because . . . ." Give students with 3–4 minutes to revise their initial draft based on feedback from their peers.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Cultivate conversation


correct_option_index: 3