few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.

Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.

Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.

Represent and model with vector quantities.

Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.

Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.

Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.

Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.

Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.

Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.

Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.

Perform operations on vectors.

Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
problem_activity: In Class Launch
Use after Unit 4, Lesson 8
Read the situation in the task statement aloud, or ask students to read it to themselves quietly.
Tell students to think about these questions:
“What might be some different ways of giving bonuses?”
“Does anyone have a job and has gotten a raise or a bonus? How are your allowances determined? Do they ever change?”
“What variables should be considered? What information do you need to know about the employees to compute bonuses for each of them?”
Give students a few minutes of quiet think time, then ask them to talk over their ideas with a partner. Finally, ask students to share their ideas with the whole class and record these ideas for all to see.
Ask students if they have any questions about the situation.
If students want to know what type of company it is and what jobs the employees are doing, tell them that they can make up a fake company with specific jobs.
Teacher Instructions
As students are considering the situation, prompt them with the following questions, as necessary:
"What are some variables you should consider?"
"Can you think of mathematically different methods to distribute the money?"
"What information would be helpful to know to compute the bonus for each employee?"
Tell students that they can make up the information they need to compute specific bonuses for 2 different methods and to apply them to the situation. In the proposal, students should compute the specific dollar amount each employee receives as a bonus.
If there is time, encourage students to try generalizing any values they invented to use variables instead.
Student-Facing Statement
A project at a large company was very successful, and the company made more money than expected as a result. Your boss has given you the task of coming up with different methods to distribute bonuses to the 5 employees that directly worked on the project. There is a total of
$
8,000 available to distribute.
The method for distributing the money will be shared with the entire company, so it is important that the employees feel the distribution is fair.
Make a proposal with at least two different methods for your boss to choose from. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then give your recommendation and provide an argument in its support.
For each of the methods you propose, which of the five employees is most likely to complain about the method being unfair? How would you justify the method to this employee?
Teacher Instructions
As students are considering the situation, prompt them with the following questions, as necessary:
“Which of these variables should you consider?”
“Can you think of mathematically different methods to distribute the money?”
“What additional information would be helpful to know to compute the bonus for each employee?”
Tell students that they can make up any additional information they need to compute specific bonuses for 2 different methods and to apply them to the situation. In the proposal, students should compute the specific dollar amount each employee receives as a bonus.
If there is time, encourage students to try generalizing any values they invented to use variables instead.
Student-Facing Statement
A project in a large company was very successful, and the company made more money than expected as a result. Your boss has given you the task of coming up with different methods to distribute bonuses to the 5 employees that directly worked on the project. There is a total of
$
8,000 available to distribute.
Here is some information about the employees:
| employee | job description | hours working on project (per week) | annual salary | job experience |
|----------|-----------------|-------------------------------------|---------------|----------------|
|    A     |                 |                                     |               |                |
|    B     |                 |                                     |               |                |
|    C     |                 |                                     |               |                |
|    D     |                 |                                     |               |                |
|    E     |                 |                                     |               |                |
Make a proposal with at least two different methods for your boss to choose from. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then give your recommendation and support your argument.
For each of the methods you propose, which of the five employees is most likely to complain about the method being unfair? How would you justify the method to this employee?


correct_option_index: 13