few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Topic options: 
A. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
B. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
C. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
F. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
G. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
J. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
K. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.


Thought: This problem asks students to reason about ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: D

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Topic options: 
A. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
B. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
C. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
D. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
E. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
F. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
G. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
H. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
I. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
J. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
K. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.


Thought: This problem teaches students different ways of writing numbers that express the same value. This helps students better understand the complex number system, which includes rational numbers.
Answer: I

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Topic options: 
A. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
B. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
C. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
D. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
E. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
F. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
G. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
H. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
I. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
J. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
K. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to reason with equations, specifically linear equations, such as the one shown in the table in Problem 1.
Answer: F

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
problem_activity: Activity
Note: if it is possible in your local environment, we recommend using the digital version of this activity.
This activity is intended to help students identify correspondences between parts of a table, graph, and an equation of a line through the origin in the first quadrant. Students are guided to notice:
Any pair of positive values
\((a, b)\)
determine a proportional relationship.
Given a point
\((a,b)\)
other than the origin on the graph of a line through the origin, the constant of proportionality is always
\(\frac{b}{a}\)
.
In an equation
\(y=\frac{b}{a} x\)
that represents the relationship, the constant of proportionality appears as the coefficient of
\(x\)
.
The constant of proportionality is the
\(y\)
-coordinate when
\(x\)
is 1, that is,
\((1,\frac{b}{a})\)
is a point on the graph.
In the print version, students plot one point and draw a ray that starts at the origin and passes through their point. They also create a table and an equation to represent the relationship. They respond to a series of questions about their representations. Then, they compare their representations of their relationship with the representations of other relationships created by members of their group.
In the digital version (recommended), students interact with a dynamic sketch while recording observations and responding to prompts. In the sketch, students are able to manipulate the graph of a proportional relationship, while changes to an associated table and equation automatically update.
Digital
Launch
For the print version: Arrange students in groups of 3. Assign each student in each group a letter: A, B, or C. Provide access to rulers.
For the digital version: Arrange students in groups of 2–3 and have them complete the task.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts to support students who benefit from support with organization and problem solving. For example, present one question at a time and monitor students to ensure they are making progress throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Speaking, Writing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
While pairs or groups are working, circulate and listen to student talk about the connections they see between the tables, characteristics of the graphs, and the equations. Write down common or important phrases you hear students say about the connections onto a visual display. Throughout the remainder of the lesson, continue to update collected student language and remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students read and use mathematical language during paired and whole-class discussions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
Explore the graph. Start by dragging the gray bar on the left across the screen until you can see both the table and the graph. Notice the values in the table and the coordinates of the labeled point. Grab the point and move it around.
What stays the same and what changes in the table? in the equation? on the graph?
Choose one row in the table and write it here. To what does this row correspond on the graph?
| \(x\) | \(y\) |
|-------|-------|
|       |       |
Grab and drag the point until you see the equation
\(y=\frac 32 x\)
.
Do not move the point. Choose three rows from the table, other than the origin. Record
\(x\)
and
\(y\)
, and compute
\(\frac yx\)
.
| \(x\) | \(y\) | \(\frac{y}{x}\) |
|-------|-------|-----------------|
|       |       |                 |
|       |       |                 |
|       |       |                 |
What do you notice? What does this have to do with the equation of the line?
Do not move the point. Check the box to view the coordinates
\((1, ?)\)
. What are the coordinates of this point? What does this correspond to in the table? What does this correspond to in the equation?
Drag the point to a different location. Record the equation of the line, the coordinates of three points, and the value of
\(\frac yx\)
.
Equation of the line: _______________________________
| \(x\) | \(y\) | \(\frac{y}{x}\) |
|-------|-------|-----------------|
|       |       |                 |
|       |       |                 |
|       |       |                 |
Based on your observations, summarize any connections you see between the table, characteristics of the graph, and the equation.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
For the print version: Arrange students in groups of 3. Assign each student in each group a letter: A, B, or C. Provide access to rulers.
For the digital version: Arrange students in groups of 2–3 and have them complete the task.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts to support students who benefit from support with organization and problem solving. For example, present one question at a time and monitor students to ensure they are making progress throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Speaking, Writing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
While pairs or groups are working, circulate and listen to student talk about the connections they see between the tables, characteristics of the graphs, and the equations. Write down common or important phrases you hear students say about the connections onto a visual display. Throughout the remainder of the lesson, continue to update collected student language and remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students read and use mathematical language during paired and whole-class discussions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
Your teacher will assign you
one
of these three points:
\(A=(10,4)\)
,
\(B=(4,5)\)
,
\(C=(8,5)\)
.
[IMG]
| \(x\) | \(y\) | \(\frac{y}{x}\) |
|-------|-------|-----------------|
|   0   |       |       NA        |
|   1   |       |                 |
|   2   |       |                 |
|   3   |       |                 |
|   4   |       |                 |
|   5   |       |                 |
|   6   |       |                 |
|   7   |       |                 |
|   8   |       |                 |
|   9   |       |                 |
|  10   |       |                 |
On the graph, plot and label
only
your assigned point.
Use a ruler to line up your point with the origin,
\((0,0)\)
. Draw a line that starts at the origin, goes through your point, and continues to the edge of the graph.
Complete the table with the coordinates of points on your graph. Use a fraction to represent any value that is not a whole number.
Write an equation that represents the relationship between
\(x\)
and
\(y\)
defined by your point.
Compare your graph and table with the rest of your group. What is the same and what is different about:
your tables?
your equations?
your graphs?
What is the
\(y\)
-coordinate of your graph when the
\(x\)
-coordinate is 1? Plot and label this point on your graph. Where do you see this value in the table? Where do you see this value in your equation?
Describe any connections you see between the table, characteristics of the graph, and the equation.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
The graph of an equation of the form
\(y = kx\)
, where
\(k\)
is a positive number, is a line through
\((0,0)\)
and the point
\((1,k)\)
.
Name at least one line through
\((0,0)\)
that cannot be represented by an equation like this.
If you could draw the graphs of
all
of the equations of this form in the same coordinate plane, what would it look like?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
When all students have completed the activity, ask them to share their responses with a partner or small group. After a minute, go around the room asking each group to share one thing from the last question, and display these for all to see. When each group has shared, ask if there were any important observations that were missed.
Ensure that all the important connections are highlighted:
A graph of a line through the origin and passing through the first quadrant represents a proportional relationship.
The value of
\(\frac ba\)
computed from any point
\((a,b)\)
on that line (other than the origin) is the constant of proportionality.
An equation of the relationship is given by
\(y = kx\)
where
\(k\)
is
\(\frac ba\)
for any point
\((a,b)\)
on the graph other than the origin.


correct_option_index: 7