few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Use proportional relationships to solve multistep ratio and percent problems. Examples: simple interest, tax, markups and markdowns, gratuities and commissions, fees, percent increase and decrease, percent error.

Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas and other quantities measured in like or different units. For example, if a person walks 1/2 mile in each 1/4 hour, compute the unit rate as the complex fraction 1/2/1/4 miles per hour, equivalently 2 miles per hour.
problem_activity: Optional activity
The purpose of this activity is to provide a context where a ratio of fractions arises naturally, and students need to find an equivalent ratio to solve the problem. The ratio
\(2 \frac12: 1 \frac34\)
is equivalent to
\(10:7\)
, so a scaled copy of the Mona Lisa that is 10 inches by 7 inches would fit on the cover of the notebook. Other answers are possible. Some students might try to find the biggest possible copy that will fit on the cover, which would result in a different scale factor.
The digital version of the student materials includes an applet so that students can experiment with the context, because there are many related measurements within the context that can be hard to visualize. For example, the applet makes it clear that you can't simply scale down the Mona Lisa and make it perfectly fit on the notebook, since the notebook and the Mona Lisa are not scaled copies of each other. It also serves to remind students that the length and width of the Mona Lisa have to be scaled by the same factor, or the image becomes distorted.
Students discuss how they found their solution with a partner and determine if the scale factors they came up with are reasonable. Students must think about whether it makes sense to try to scale the picture so that it fills as much of the page as possible, or whether it makes more sense to leave room for a title. As students discuss with their partner, identify pairs of students who have a good argument that a certain scale factor makes more sense to use than another. Ask these students to share during the whole class discussion.
Digital
Launch
If desired, show students an image of the Mona Lisa.
If using the print version, and appropriate technology is available, consider displaying the applet for everyone to see to help students better understand the situation
ggbm.at/j8B9vZKV
.
The purpose of the applet is for experimenting and understanding the situation. If using it, demonstrate how it works, and ask students to think about:
How to use the applet to create scale copies of the Mona Lisa (both dimensions have to be adjusted by the same factor.)
Is it possible to scale down the Mona Lisa so that it perfectly covers the notebook? (No, choices have to be made about what the final product will look like.)
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give 3–5 minutes of quiet work time to do the problem. Then, ask them to take turns sharing with their partner the method used to calculate scale factor and reasonableness of their answers.
If using the digital activity, still have students work in groups of 2 and have them work individually on the problem with the applet, before sharing their method(s) to calculate scale factor with their partner.
Conversing, Representing, Writing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students discuss the scale factor they used, listen for and collect mathematical language students use to describe the strategies they used to find scale factors. Throughout the remainder of the lesson, continue to update collected student language and remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students use mathematical language during paired and group discussions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
In real life, the Mona Lisa measures
\(2 \frac12\)
feet by
\(1 \frac34\)
feet. A company that makes office supplies wants to print a scaled copy of the Mona Lisa on the cover of a notebook that measures 11 inches by 9 inches.
The applet is here to help you experiment with the situation. (It won't solve the problems for you.) Use the sliders to scale the image and drag the red circle to place it on the book. Measure the side lengths with the Distance or Length tool.
What size should they use for the scaled copy of the Mona Lisa on the notebook cover?
What is the scale factor from the real painting to its copy on the notebook cover?
Discuss your thinking with your partner. Did you use the same scale factor? If not, is one more reasonable than the other?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
If desired, show students an image of the Mona Lisa.
If using the print version, and appropriate technology is available, consider displaying the applet for everyone to see to help students better understand the situation
https://ggbm.at/j8B9vZKV
.
The purpose of the applet is for experimenting and understanding the situation. If using it, demonstrate how it works, and ask students to think about:
How to use the applet to create scale copies of the Mona Lisa. (Both dimensions have to be adjusted by the same factor.)
Is it possible to scale down the Mona Lisa so that it perfectly covers the notebook? (No, choices have to be made about what the final product will look like.)
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give 3–5 minutes of quiet work time to do the problem. Then, ask them to take turns sharing with their partner the method used to calculate scale factor and reasonableness of their answers.
If using the digital activity, still have students work in groups of 2 and have them work individually on the problem with the applet, before sharing their method(s) to calculate scale factor with their partner.
Conversing, Representing, Writing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
As students discuss the scale factor they used, listen for and collect mathematical language students use to describe the strategies they used to find scale factors. Throughout the remainder of the lesson, continue to update collected student language and remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students use mathematical language during paired and group discussions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
In real life, the Mona Lisa measures
\(2 \frac12\)
feet by
\(1 \frac34\)
feet. A company that makes office supplies wants to print a scaled copy of the Mona Lisa on the cover of a notebook that measures 11 inches by 9 inches.
What size should they use for the scaled copy of the Mona Lisa on the notebook cover?
What is the scale factor from the real painting to its copy on the notebook cover?
Discuss your thinking with your partner. Did you use the same scale factor? If not, is one more reasonable than the other?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students might get stuck thinking the scaled copy needs to measure 11 inches by 9 inches.  Ask students:
Does the copy of the painting have to cover the entire notebook?
What are some other options if the image doesn't cover the entire notebook?
What if the image is bigger than the notebook cover? What if it is smaller?
Activity Synthesis
Select previously identified students to share the arguments they had with their partners.  Some guiding questions:
What scale factor did you and your partner agree upon? How did you both agree upon this?
Were there any similarities between the methods you and your partner used?  Were there any differences?


correct_option_index: 2