few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.

Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.

Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.

Perform operations on vectors.

Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.

Represent and model with vector quantities.

Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.

Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.

Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.

Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.

Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.

Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.

Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
problem_activity: Activity
Students begin to think about common multiples and the least common multiple when finding ways to place two types of flowers into groups that contain the same number of each flower. Students find all multiples up to 100 for two different numbers. They compare these multiples to determine which ones are the same, and then they determine the least common multiple.
Look for different strategies and representations students use to describe the situation. Some students may draw pictures of groups of flowers, other students may use tables or lists, and other students may do a combination of these.
Launch
Arrange students into groups of 2. Give students 5–7 minutes of quiet work time, then 2 minutes of partner discussion. Follow with whole-class discussion.
Student Facing
A florist can order roses in bunches of 12 and lilies in bunches of 8. Last month she ordered the same number of roses and lilies.
If she ordered no more than 100 of each kind of flower, how many bunches of each could she have ordered? Find all the possible combinations.
What is the smallest number of bunches of roses that she could have ordered? What about the smallest number of bunches of lilies? Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share how they organized the different combinations of flowers, and highlight the different strategies they used. Strategies to highlight include tables, lists, snap cubes, and other pictorial representations. Confirm that there are 4 different order combinations, and each time there are 24 more of each flower added. Discuss why the smallest number of flowers of each type is 24, and that it takes 2 bunches of roses to equal 24, and 3 bunches of lilies to equal 24. If there was a group that used snap cubes, ask them to share what this arrangement looks like when represented with two different colors. If possible, use student responses to create a visual display of the concept of least common multiple and display it for all to see throughout the unit.
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Use this routine to amplify mathematical uses of language to communicate the multiple strategies used by different students. Provide sentence frames for students to use when they are comparing and contrasting different representations such as: “All ____ have ____ except ____.”, “What makes ____ different from the others is ____.”
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Cultivate conversation


correct_option_index: 1