few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Standard options: 
A. Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
B. Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
C. Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Standard options: 
A. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
B. Find whole-number quotients of whole numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
C. Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.


Thought: This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.
Answer: C

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, volume and surface area of two- and three-dimensional objects composed of triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, cubes, and right prisms.

Use facts about supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles in a multi-step problem to write and solve simple equations for an unknown angle in a figure.
problem_activity: Optional activity
This challenging activity examines how measurement errors behave when 3 quantities are multiplied (versus 2 quantities in the previous activity). In other words, if I have measurements
\(a\)
,
\(b\)
, and
\(c\)
each with a maximum error of 5%, what percent error can
\(a \boldcdot b \boldcdot c\)
have? The arithmetic and algebraic demands of this task are high because students take a product of
three
quantities that each have a maximum percent error of 5%.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Provide access to calculators. Make sure students realize that the first question gives the measured values, not the actual values, for each dimension.
Give students 10 minutes to discuss with their partners, followed by whole-class discussion.
Conversing: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Before students determine the maximum measurement error for the volume of a prism, invite pairs to make a prediction and justification. Use a sentence frame such as: “In a prism, if each dimension has a 5% maximum measurement error, we predict the volume’s maximum percentage error is ___ because….”. This will help students use the mathematical language of justifications to begin reasoning about the measurement error for volume.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Support sense-making
Student Facing
The length, width, and height of a rectangular prism were measured to be 10 cm, 12 cm, and 25 cm. Assuming that these measurements are accurate to the nearest cm, what is the largest percent error possible for:
each of the dimensions?
the volume of the prism?
If the length, width, and height of a right rectangular prism have a maximum percent error of 1%, what is the largest percent error possible for the volume of the prism?
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may think that the maximum error possible for the volume is 1% because the length, width, and height are within 1% of the actual values. Encourage these students to make calculations of the biggest and smallest possible length, width, and height. Then ask them to make calculations for the biggest and smallest possible volumes.
Activity Synthesis
Some discussion points include:
The first problem gives measurements and errors (but no percent error), while the second problem gives no measurements but does give the percent error. This makes the calculations notably different for the two problems.
In the first problem, we are given measurements and the possible size of error. We need to find the greatest percent error and, as we have seen in other cases, this happens for the smallest possible value of the measurement. If we were to find the percent error of each measurement, we would find that the error for the volume is a
larger
percent error than for any of the individual measurements.
In the second problem, we are given the maximum possible percent error but no measurements, and we need to find the largest possible error for the volume, that is, for the product of the three unknown measurements. The greatest percent error possible for the volume occurs when the measured value is as large as possible.
A unifying feature in these two problems is that we notice that the largest percent error occurs when the actual measurements are
smaller
than the measured values, as much smaller as possible.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color and annotations to illustrate connections between representations. As students share their diagrams and reasoning, use color and annotations to scribe their thinking on a display of each problem so that it is visible for all students.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing; Conceptual processing


correct_option_index: 1