few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
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options: Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Make geometric constructions.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Prove geometric theorems.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students create their own figures that have certain symmetry-based attributes. Students are given a pair of parallel segments on a grid. They then add more segments to create figures with one, two, and zero lines of symmetry.
To create their own figures, students rely on their understanding of symmetry and parallel lines. They consider where possible lines of symmetry could be, how many segments to add, and where to place them. They may also experiment, rely on familiar shapes and their lines of symmetry, or imagine a line of symmetry and what it would tell them about the figure. As they do so, they look for and make use of structure (MP7).
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication.
Offer grid paper and copies of the pair of parallel line segments from the task. Invite students to use this paper to create multiple drafts, examining and refining their own thinking as they work.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Visual Spatial Processing, Organization
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Straightedges
Launch
Groups of 2–4
Provide access to straightedges
Activity
2–3 minutes: independent work on the first question
2 minutes: group discussion
“Share your drawing for the first question. If needed, revise your thinking and drawing.”
5 minutes: independent work time on the remaining questions
3–5 minutes: group discussion
“Be sure to discuss how you know that your drawings have the specified number of lines of symmetry.”
Listen for attention to precision in students’ justifications. For instance, they may say the figure has line symmetry because:
the angles are the same
the sides have the same length and create the same angles when folded on top of each other
they measured all the parts and found them to be the same
they traced the figure and placed the copy on top of the original
Student Facing
Here is a pair of parallel segments that have the same length.
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Add one or more segments to create a figure with only 1 line of symmetry.
Here are two more pairs of parallel segments. Add more segments to make:
a figure with 2 lines of symmetry
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a figure with no lines of symmetry
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If you have time: Here are some other pairs of parallel lines. Add more segments to create a figure with 1 line of symmetry.
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Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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for free access to Student Response.
Advancing Student Thinking
If students create figures with more or fewer lines of symmetry than planned, consider asking:
“How many lines of symmetry did you want your figure to have? How many lines of symmetry does it have?”
“How could you change your figure so it has fewer (or more) lines of symmetry?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their drawings and how they determined how and where to add segments.
“Which parts of the figure did you pay attention to when drawing? How did you make sure your drawing has line symmetry?“ (The segment lengths, angles, and distances from the line of symmetry all have to be the same on both sides of a line of symmetry.)
“What was tricky about creating figures with line symmetry in this task?” (Sample response: It was hard to figure out what to draw to get the exact number of lines of symmetry.)


correct_option_index: 4