few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Prove geometric theorems.

Make geometric constructions.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
problem_activity: Activity
Students build their sense for the sizes of angles measured in radians by shading sectors with given central angle measures.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Distribute 1 set of pre-cut slips to each group.
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you a set of cards with angle measures on them. Place the cards upside down in a pile. Choose 1 student to go first. This student should draw a card, then on either circle shade a sector of the circle whose central angle is the measure on the card that was drawn.
Take turns repeating these steps. If you are shading in a circle that already has a shaded sector, choose a spot next to the already-shaded sectors—don’t leave any gaps. You might have to draw additional lines to break the sectors into smaller pieces.
Continue until an angle is drawn that won’t fit in any of the sectors that are still blank.
[IMG]
[IMG]
When you’re finished, answer these questions about each circle:
What is the central angle measure for the remaining unshaded sector?
What is the central angle measure for the block of shaded sectors?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students struggle to figure out the size of the angles on the cards they draw, ask them what radian measure 180 degrees is equivalent to (
\(\pi\)
radians). Then, ask them to find the measures of the central angles of each sector on the 2 circles (
\(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
and
\(\frac{\pi}{6}\)
).
Activity Synthesis
The goal is to gather strategies for understanding the sizes of angles measured in radians. Here are some questions for discussion:
“For groups that drew a card with
\(\frac{\pi}{8}\)
radians, how did you figure out what size sector to shade?” (Sample response: Each sector in the first circle had a central angle measuring
\(\frac{\pi}{4}\)
radians, so
\(\frac{\pi}{8}\)
radians is half that.)
“What is the sum of the angle measures for the shaded and unshaded sector blocks, and why?” (The angle measures add to
\(2\pi\)
, because together they make up the whole circle.)
“How could you shade a sector with central angle measure
\(\frac{\pi}{24}\)
radians in each of the circles?” (This would be one-sixth of a sector in the first circle, and one-quarter of a sector in the second circle.)


correct_option_index: 14