few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Prove geometric theorems.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Make geometric constructions.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to use language to describe and distinguish quadrilaterals (MP6). The activity has the same structure as the activity where students tried to identify which rectangle on the coordinate grid their partner was thinking of. Students rely on what they remember about categories of quadrilaterals, such as rectangles and rhombuses. They can also use informal language such as tilted, arrow, or red pattern block. The goal of the synthesis is to share and gather language which was helpful for distinguishing the quadrilaterals.
This activity uses
MLR2 Collect and Display
. Advances: Conversing, Reading, Writing.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Activate or supply background knowledge. Provide a graphic organizer that lists characteristics of different quadrilaterals for students to use as a reference as they ask questions about the shape.
Supports accessibility for: Memory, Attention, Conceptual Processing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Dry erase markers
Sheet protectors
Materials to Copy
Guess Which One
Required Preparation
Consider giving each student a sheet protector and a dry-erase marker so that students can easily reuse the blackline master for multiple rounds of the game.
Launch
Groups of 2
Distribute the blackline master with the sheet protectors and dry-erase marker to each group or instruct students to use the image of quadrilaterals in their workbook.
Activity
8 minutes: partner work time
MLR2 Collect and Display
Circulate, listen for and collect the language students use to describe the quadrilaterals as they sort. Listen for:
language and gestures used to describe angles, such as: wide, open, skinny, square, big, small, obtuse, acute, right
language and gestures used to describe sides, such as: straight, cross, intersect, parallel, perpendicular
language used to describe shapes, such as: square, tilted, flat, trapezoid, rhombus, diamond, arrow, parallelogram
Record students’ words and phrases on a visual display and update it throughout the lesson.
Student Facing
Play a round of Guess Which One.
Partner A: Select one of the quadrilaterals. Do not reveal your choice to your partner.
Partner B: Ask “yes” or “no” questions to guess which shape your partner picked. After each question, cross out or remove quadrilaterals based on your partner’s answer.
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[IMG]
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Use the space to record your questions for this round.
Han and Mai were playing Guess Which One. These are the last two shapes. What question can Mai ask to determine which shape is the one that Han picked?
[IMG]
If there is time: Switch roles and play Guess Which One again.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Advancing Student Thinking
If students do not ask specific questions during this task,
collect a set of questions during a practice round and ask, “Which questions could you ask to find out which shape your partner chose?”
Activity Synthesis
“Are there any other words or phrases that are important to include on our display?”
As students share responses, update the display, by adding (or replacing) language, diagrams, or annotations.
Remind students to borrow language from the display as needed.
Invite previously selected students to share.
Display rhombus card that is not a square.
“What are some names we can use to describe this shape?” (quadrilateral, diamond, parallelogram, rhombus)


correct_option_index: 5