few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Thought: This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.
Answer: AB

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.
Answer: F

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Thought: This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.
Answer: G

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.
problem_activity: Activity
Students have already looked at measurement conversions that can be represented by proportional relationships, both in grade 6 and in previous lessons in this unit. This task introduces a measurement conversion that is not associated with a proportional relationship. The discussion should start to move students from determining whether a relationship is proportional by examining a table, to making the determination from the equation.
Note that some students may think of the two scales on a thermometer like a double number line diagram, leading them to believe that the relationship between degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit is proportional. If not mentioned by students, the teacher should point out that when a double number line is used to represent a set of equivalent ratios, the tick marks for 0 on each line need to be aligned.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Provide access to calculators, if desired. Give students 5 minutes of quiet work time followed by students discussing responses with a partner, followed by whole-class discussion.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Activate or supply background knowledge. Allow students to use calculators to ensure inclusive participation in the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Conceptual processing
Student Facing
The other day you worked with converting meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Here are some more unit conversions.
Use the equation
\(F =\frac95 C + 32\)
, where
\(F\)
represents degrees Fahrenheit and
\(C\)
represents degrees Celsius, to complete the table.
| temperature                       \((^\circ\text{C})\) | temperature                       \((^\circ\text{F})\) |
|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
|                           20                           |                                                        |
|                           4                            |                                                        |
|                          175                           |                                                        |
Use the equation
\(c = 2.54n\)
, where
\(c\)
represents the length in centimeters and
\(n\)
represents the length in inches, to complete the table.
|             length (in)             | length (cm) |
|-------------------------------------|-------------|
|                 10                  |             |
|                  8                  |             |
| 3                       \(\frac12\) |             |
Are these proportional relationships? Explain why or why not.
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may struggle with the fraction
\(\frac95\)
in the temperature conversion. Teachers can prompt them to convert the fraction to its decimal form, 1.8, before trying to evaluate the equation for the values in the table.
Activity Synthesis
After discussing the work students did, ask, “What do you notice about the forms of the equations for each relationship?” After soliciting students’ observations, point out that the proportional relationship is of the form
\(y = kx\)
, while the nonproportional relationship is not.
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To provide a support students in producing statements when they compare and contrast equations with proportional and nonproportional relationships. Provide sentence frames such as: “I noticed that _____,” “What makes _____ different from the others is _____,” or “The patterns show _____.” Invite students to use these sentence frames when students comprehend orally the patterns they notice with proportional equations.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making


correct_option_index: 0