few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Topic options: 
A. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
B. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
C. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
D. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
E. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
F. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
G. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
H. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
I. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
J. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
K. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.


Thought: This problem pertains to functions because it asks students to find the general solution to a trigonometric function.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Topic options: 
A. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
B. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
C. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
F. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
G. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
H. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
I. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
J. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
K. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.


Thought: This task asks students to reason with equations, specifically a quadratic equation. Since the problem asks for as many different methods as possible, it's possible that students would discover solution methods that include graphing both sides of the equation with a graphing calculator and finding the x coordinates of where the two functions intersect.
Answer: B, G

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Topic options: 
A. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
B. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
C. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
D. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
E. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
F. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
G. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
J. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
K. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.


Thought: This task involves geometric concepts including angles, circles, and rays.
Answer: H

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
problem_activity: Optional activity
In this activity, students use the areas of composite shapes from the previous activity to reason about the area of each tangram shape. Students may have recognized previously that the area of one small triangle is
\(\frac12\)
square unit, the area of one medium triangle is 1 square unit, and the area of one large triangle is 2 square units. Here they practice articulating how they know that these observations are true (MP3). The explanations could be written in words, or as clearly-labeled illustrations that support their answers.
As partners discuss, look for two ways of thinking about the area of each assigned triangle: by
composing
copies of the triangle into a square or a larger triangle, or by
decomposing
the triangle or the unit square into smaller pieces and
rearranging
the pieces. Identify at least one student who uses each approach.
Digital
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Assign the first and second questions to one partner and the second and third questions to the other partner. Give each group access to the geometry toolkits and the same set of tangram pieces as used in the earlier activity.
Give students 3–4 minutes of quiet time to find the areas of their assigned triangles and to construct their explanations, followed by a few minutes to share their responses with their partner. Tell students that as one partner explains, the other should listen carefully and either agree or disagree with the explanation. They should then come to an agreement about the answers and explanations.
Classrooms using the digital activities can use an applet to assist in determining the areas of the triangles.
Speaking, Writing: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Use this routine when students compare areas of triangles and squares to support the use of mathematical language. As students share their responses with their partner, circulate and encourage listeners to push speakers to use the language “compose,” “decompose,” or “rearrange” in their explanations. Look for students who name the square or larger triangles “composite figures” and amplify this language. Encourage students to borrow words and phrases from each other and to use this language in their written responses.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Optimize output (for explanation)
Student Facing
Recall that the area of the square you saw earlier is 1 square unit. Complete each statement and explain your reasoning.
The area of the small triangle is ____________ square units. I know this because . . .
The area of the medium triangle is ____________ square units. I know this because . . .
The area of the large triangle is ____________ square units. I know this because . . .
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Assign the first and second questions to one partner and the second and third questions to the other partner. Give each group access to the geometry toolkits and the same set of tangram pieces as used in the earlier activity.
Give students 3–4 minutes of quiet time to find the areas of their assigned triangles and to construct their explanations, followed by a few minutes to share their responses with their partner. Tell students that as one partner explains, the other should listen carefully and either agree or disagree with the explanation. They should then come to an agreement about the answers and explanations.
Classrooms using the digital activities can use an applet to assist in determining the areas of the triangles.
Speaking, Writing: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Use this routine when students compare areas of triangles and squares to support the use of mathematical language. As students share their responses with their partner, circulate and encourage listeners to push speakers to use the language “compose,” “decompose,” or “rearrange” in their explanations. Look for students who name the square or larger triangles “composite figures” and amplify this language. Encourage students to borrow words and phrases from each other and to use this language in their written responses.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Optimize output (for explanation)
Student Facing
Recall that the area of the square you saw earlier is 1 square unit. Complete each statement and explain your reasoning.
The area of the small triangle is _________ square units. I know this because . . .
The area of the medium triangle is _________ square units. I know this because . . .
The area of the large triangle is _________ square units. I know this because . . .
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students initially have trouble determining the areas of the shapes, ask how they reasoned about areas in the previous activity. Have samples of composed and decomposed shapes that form one square unit available for students to reference.
Activity Synthesis
After partners shared and agreed on the correct areas and explanations, discuss with the class:
“Did you and your partner use the same strategy to find the area of each triangle?”
“How were your explanations similar? How were they different?”
Select two previously identified students to share their explanations: one who reasoned in terms of
composing
copies of their assigned triangle into another shape, and one who reasoned in terms of
decomposing
their triangle or the unit square into smaller pieces and
rearranging
them. If these approaches are not brought up by students, be sure to make them explicit at the end of the lesson.


correct_option_index: 7