few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.

Extend the counting sequence.

Understand place value.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.

Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.

Understand the place value system.

Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to a new unit, the hundred. Students used connecting cubes to make tens in grade 1 and used tens and ones to count to and represent numbers within 120.
In an earlier unit, students were introduced to base-ten blocks and used base-ten diagrams to represent sums and differences within 100. Students build on this understanding as they use blocks to represent a starting number (96) and add ones until they reach a total value of 100. As students discover they have 10 tens, monitor for language they use to describe the total value of the blocks and the connections they make to their previous work with ones, tens, and three-digit numbers (MP7).
Engagement: Provide Access by Recruiting Interest.
Give the students a context to connect to their own lives. Tell the students that the base-ten blocks represent gum. The ones are single sticks of gum and the tens are packs of gum.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Base-ten blocks
Launch
Groups of 2
Give students access to base-ten blocks.
Display photo of 8 tens and 16 ones.
“Andre was using base-ten blocks to represent numbers. How many do you see? How do you see them?” (96. I see 8 tens and 16 ones. I see it as 9 tens and 6 ones.)
30 seconds: quiet think time
1 minute: partner discussion
Share responses.
Activity
“Work with a partner to follow along and see what Andre discovered as he adds more blocks.”
10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who explain that the value is 100 by:
counting by 1 from 80 or by 1 from 96
counting by 10
Student Facing
How many do you see? How do you see them?
[IMG]
Andre added more blocks.
[IMG]
What is the value of Andre’s blocks now?
How many tens and ones are in this number?
Andre made the same number with the fewest amount of blocks possible. Draw a base-ten diagram to show what Andre’s number looks like now. Use your base-ten blocks to help.
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Advancing Student Thinking
If students represent 100 with a diagram that includes tens and ones, consider asking:
“Can you explain how your diagram represents Andre’s total value using the fewest number of blocks possible?”
“Is there a way to represent the same amount without any ones?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share how they know the value of Andre’s blocks is 100.
“If Andre used the fewest number of blocks, how many tens did he use?” (He had 10 tens.)
“What if Andre wanted to use the greatest amount of blocks to show this number? What would he do?” (He’d decompose all the tens to use only ones. He’d use 100 ones.)
“In this activity, you showed you know that 10 ones is the same as 1 ten. Just like 10 ones is the same as 1 ten, 10 tens is the same as 1 hundred.”
“A hundred is a unit that is made up of 10 tens.”


correct_option_index: 2