few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Standard options: 
A. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. (Computations with rational numbers extend the rules for manipulating fractions to complex fractions.)
B. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Standard options: 
A. Prove the Pythagorean identity sin^(2)(θ) + cos^(2)(θ) = 1 and use it to find sin(θ), cos(θ),or tan(θ) given sin(θ), cos(θ), or tan(θ) and the quadrant of the angle.
B. Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.


Thought: An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation. Solving this problem does not require use of the Pythagorean identity.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Determine whether a group of objects (up to 20) has an odd or even number of members, e.g., by pairing objects or counting them by 2s; write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends.

Use addition to find the total number of objects arranged in rectangular arrays with up to 5 rows and up to 5 columns; write an equation to express the total as a sum of equal addends.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to describe patterns in the sequence of even and odd numbers when they count by 1. Students notice that even numbers are numbers that you count when you skip-count by 2 (MP7).
In order for all students to visualize the sequence, perform the activity where the whole class can be arranged in a circle with space for students to sit and stand. Depending on class size, the count may go beyond 20. It is ok for students to notice and wonder about even and odd numbers beyond 20, but maintain the focus throughout the lesson on numbers within 20.
Launch
Form the class into a circle with all students standing.
“We are going to count together by 1. The first person to count will say 0 and stay standing.”
“The next person will say their number and sit down. The next person will say their number and stay standing.”
“We will keep counting until everyone has said a number.”
As needed, demonstrate the stand-sit-stand-sit sequence.
Record the count:
[IMG]
Prompt students who are standing to say their numbers. (0, 2, 4, …)
Prompt students who are sitting to say their numbers. (1, 3, 5, …)
Activity
“Write down what you notice and what you wonder about the numbers in our count.”
3 minutes: independent work time
2 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students' responses that focus on even and odd number patterns to share in synthesis.
Student Facing
What did you notice? What do you wonder?
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Share and record student responses.
Display:
[IMG]
“This is a list of all the even and odd numbers from 0 to 20.”
“What patterns do you notice?” (All the even numbers are numbers you say when you skip-count by 2. The digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 repeat in the ones place for even numbers. The digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 repeat in the ones place in odd numbers.)
“How could you use these patterns to tell if a number of objects is even or odd?” (If the number is an even number you say it when you skip-count by 2.)


correct_option_index: 0