few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Topic options: 
A. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
B. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
C. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
D. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
E. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
F. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
G. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
H. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
I. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
J. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
K. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.


Thought: This problem pertains to functions because it asks students to find the general solution to a trigonometric function.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Topic options: 
A. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
B. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
C. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
F. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
G. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
H. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
I. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
J. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
K. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.


Thought: This task asks students to reason with equations, specifically a quadratic equation. Since the problem asks for as many different methods as possible, it's possible that students would discover solution methods that include graphing both sides of the equation with a graphing calculator and finding the x coordinates of where the two functions intersect.
Answer: B, G

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Topic options: 
A. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
B. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
C. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
D. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
E. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
F. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
G. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
J. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
K. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.


Thought: This task involves geometric concepts including angles, circles, and rays.
Answer: H

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
problem_activity: Activity
By now, students recognize that when a quadratic equation is in the form of
\(\text{expression} = 0\)
and the expression is in factored form, the equation can be solved using the zero product property. In this activity, they encounter equations in which one side of the equal sign is not 0. To make one side equal 0 requires rearrangement. For example, to solve
\(x(x+6)=8\)
, the equation needs to be rearranged to
\(x(x+6)-8=0\)
. Yet because the expression on the left is no longer in factored form, the zero product property won’t help after all and another strategy is needed.
Students recall that to solve a quadratic equation in the form of
\(\text{expression} = 0\)
is essentially to find the zeros of a quadratic function defined by that expression, and that the zeros of a function correspond to the horizontal intercepts of its graph. In the case of
\(x(x+6)-8=0\)
, the function whose zeros we want to find is defined by
\(x(x+6)-8\)
. Graphing
\(y=x(x+6)-8\)
and examining the
\(x\)
-intercepts of the graph allow us to see the number of solutions and what they are.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2 and provide access to graphing technology. Give students a moment to think quietly about the first question and then ask them to briefly discuss their response with their partner before continuing with the rest of the activity.
Action and Expression: Provide Access for Physical Action.
Support effective and efficient use of tools and assistive technologies. To use graphing technology, some students may benefit from a demonstration or access to step-by-step instructions.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Memory; Attention
Student Facing
Han is solving three equations by graphing.
\((x-5)(x-3)=0\)
\(\displaystyle (x-5)(x-3)=\text-1\)
\(\displaystyle (x-5)(x-3)=\text-4\)
To solve the first equation,
\((x-5)(x-3)=0\)
, he graphed
\(y=(x-5)(x-3)\)
and then looked for the
\(x\)
-intercepts of the graph.
Explain why the
\(x\)
-intercepts can be used to solve
\((x-5)(x-3)=0\)
.
What are the solutions?
To solve the second equation, Han rewrote it as
\((x-5)(x-3)+1=0\)
. He then graphed
\(y=(x-5)(x-3)+1\)
.
Use graphing technology to graph
\(y=(x-5)(x-3)+1\)
. Then, use the graph to solve the equation. Be prepared to explain how you use the graph for solving.
Solve the third equation using Han’s strategy.
Think about the strategy you used and the solutions you found.
Why might it be helpful to rearrange each equation to equal 0 on one side and then graph the expression on the non-zero side?
How many solutions does each of the three equations have?
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
The equations
\((x-3)(x-5)=\text-1\)
,
\((x-3)(x-5)=0\)
, and
\((x-3)(x-5)=3\)
all have whole-number solutions.
Use graphing technology to graph each of the following pairs of equations on the same coordinate plane. Analyze the graphs and explain how each pair helps to solve the related equation.
\(y=(x-3)(x-5)\)
and
\(y=\text-1\)
\(y=(x-3)(x-5)\)
and
\(y=0\)
\(y=(x-3)(x-5)\)
and
\(y=3\)
Use the graphs to help you find a few other equations of the form
\((x-3)(x-5)=z\)
that have whole-number solutions.
Find a pattern in the values of
\(z\)
that give whole-number solutions.
Without solving, determine if
\((x-5)(x-3)=120\)
and
\((x-5)(x-3)=399\)
have whole-number solutions. Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students enter the equation
\((x-5)(x-3)=0\)
into their graphing technology, they may see an error message, or they may see vertical lines. The lines will intersect the
\(x\)
-axis at the solutions, but they are clearly not graphs of a quadratic function. Emphasize that we want to graph the function defined by
\(y=(x-5)(x-3)\)
and use its
\(x\)
-intercepts to find the solution to the related equation.
All
the points on the two vertical lines do represent solutions to the equation (because the points along each vertical line satisfy the equation regardless of the value chosen for
\(y\)
), but understanding this is beyond the expectations for students in this course.
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their responses, graphs, and explanations on how they used the graphs to solve the equations. Discuss questions such as:
“
Are the original equation
\((x-5)(x-3)=\text-1\)
and the rewritten one
\((x-5)(x-3)+1=0\)
equivalent?” (Yes, each pair of equations are equivalent. In that example, 1 is added to both sides of the original equation.)
"Why might it be helpful to rearrange the equation so that one side is an expression and the other side is 0?" (It allows us to find the zeros of the function defined by that expression. The zeros correspond to the
\(x\)
-intercepts of the graph.)
“What equation would you graph to solve this equation:
\((x-4)(x-6)=15\)
?” (
\(y=(x-4)(x-6)-15\)
) “What about
\((x+3)^2-1=5\)
?" (
\(y=(x+3)^2-6\)
)
Make sure students understand that some quadratic functions have two zeros, some have one zero, and some have no zeros, so their respective graphs will have two, one, or no horizontal intercepts, respectively.
Likewise, some quadratic equations have two solutions, some have one solution, and some have no real solutions. (Because students won’t know about numbers that aren’t real until a future course, for now it is sufficient to say “no solutions.”)


correct_option_index: 3

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