few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Standard options: 
A. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
B. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
C. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).
D. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
E. Fluently add and subtract within 5.


Thought: This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Standard options: 
A. Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
B. Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
C. Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a fraction a/b as the quantity formed by a parts of size 1/b.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Thought: By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
Answer: B

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Standard options: 
A. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
B. Find whole-number quotients of whole numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
C. Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.


Thought: This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.
Answer: C

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by:
- Reporting the number of observations.
- Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement.
- Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered.
- Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered.

Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots.
problem_activity: Activity
This activity introduces students to the term
median
. They learn that the median describes the middle value in an ordered list of data, and that it can capture what we consider typical for the data in some cases.
Students learn about the median through a kinesthetic activity. They line up in order of the number of letters in their name. Then, those at both ends of the line count off and sit down simultaneously until one or two people in the middle remain standing. If one person remains standing, that person has the median number of letters. If two people remain standing, the median is the mean or the average of their two values.
Students then practice identifying the median of other data sets, by analyzing both tables of values and dot plots.
Teacher Notes for IM 6–8 Accelerated
The earlier activity mentioned in the second question is not included in IM 6–8 Math Accelerated.
Launch
Explain to students that, instead of using the mean, sometimes we use the “middle” value in an ordered list of data set as a measure of center. We call this the
median
. Guide students through the activity:
Give each student an index card. Ask them to write their first and last names on the card and record the total number of letters in their name. Display an example for all to see.
Ask students to stand up, holding their index cards in front of them, and arrange themselves in order based on the number of letters in their name. (Consider asking students to do so without speaking at all.) Look for the student whose name has the fewest letters and ask him or her to be the left end of the line. Ask the student with the longest full name to be the right end of the line. Students who have the same number of letters should stand side-by-side.
Tell students that, to find the median or the middle number, we will count off from both ends at the same time. Ask the students at the two ends of the line say “1” at the same time and sit on the floor, and the students next to them to say “2” and then sit down, and so on. Have students count off in this fashion until only one or two students are standing.
If the class has an odd number of students, one student will remain standing. Tell the class that this student’s number is the median. Give this student a sign that says “median” If the class has an even number of students, two students will remain standing. The median will be the mean or average of their numbers. Ask both students to hold the sign that says “median.” Explain that the median is also called the “50th percentile,” because half of the data values are the same size or less than it and fall to the left of it on the number line, and half are the same size or greater than it and fall to the right.
Ask students to find the median a couple more times by changing the data set (e.g., asking a few students to leave the line or adding new people who are not members of the class with extremely long or short names). Make sure that students have a chance to work with both odd and even numbers of values.
Collect the index cards and save them; they will be used again in the lesson on box plots.
Ask students to complete the rest of the questions on the task statement.
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Create a display of important terms and vocabulary. Include the following term and maintain the display for reference throughout the unit: median. Invite students to suggest language or diagrams to include on the display that will support their understanding of this term.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Language
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you an index card. Write your first and last names on the card. Then record the total number of letters in your name. After that, pause for additional instructions from your teacher.
Here is the data set on numbers of siblings from an earlier activity.
1
0
2
1
7
0
2
0
1
10
Sort the data from least to greatest, and then find the
median
.
In this situation, do you think the median is a good measure of a typical number of siblings for this group? Explain your reasoning.
Here is the dot plot showing the travel time, in minutes, of Elena’s bus rides to school.
[IMG]
Find the median travel time. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
What does the median tell us in this context?
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
When determining the median, students might group multiple data points that have the same value and treat it as a single point, instead of counting each one separately. Remind them that when they lined up to find the median number of letters in their names, every student counted off, even their name has the same number of letters as their neighbors.
Activity Synthesis
Select a few students to share their responses to the questions about number of siblings and Elena's travel times. Focus the discussion on the median as another measure of the center of a data set and whether it captures what students would estimate to be a typical value for each data set.
Emphasize to students that the median is a
value
and not an
individual
. For example, if the last person standing in the class has 5 letters in their first name, the median is the number 5 and not the person standing. If there is another student who had 5 letters in their name, they might have switched places with the last person standing when lining up initially. Although the person standing changed, the median remains the same value of 5.
At this point, it is unnecessary to compare the mean and the median. Students will have many more opportunities to explore the median and think about how it differs from the mean in the upcoming activities.
Writing, Conversing: MLR3 Clarify, Critique, Correct.
Before students share their responses to the questions about number of siblings and Elena's travel times, present an incorrect response. For example, display the statement: “There is no median for this data set because two students remained standing.” Demonstrate the process of interpreting the statements to uncover possible errors by thinking aloud. Voice the questions you ask yourself to call students' attention to the possible types of errors. Invite students to work with a partner to clarify the reasoning, and create an improved statement. Select 2–3 groups to share with the whole class. This helps students evaluate, and improve upon the written mathematical arguments of others.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Maximize meta-awarenes


correct_option_index: 0