few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Thought: This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.
Answer: B

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Thought: This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.
Answer: A

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Add and subtract within 20.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Solve systems of equations.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to consider two different equations that represent the same story problem. Put Together, Result Unknown problems help students make sense of the commutative property because the two parts can be combined in different orders. This property, as well as the associative property, is referred to as “add in any order” to students. Students contextualize the problem and see that each number represents a specific object’s quantity, no matter which order it is presented, and connect these quantities to written symbols (MP2). Students will work more with the “add in any order” property in future lessons.
Representation: Access for Perception.
Students may benefit from hearing the instructions read aloud more than once.
Supports accessibility for: Language, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
10-frames
Connecting cubes or two-color counters
Launch
Groups of 2
Give students access to 10-frames and connecting cubes or two-color counters.
“We just solved a problem about pet fish. What else do you know about pets?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
1 minute: partner discussion
If needed ask, “What kinds of pets are there?”
Activity
Read the task statement.
3 minutes: independent work time
2 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for a student who uses objects or drawings to show that each equation matches the story.
Student Facing
Tyler and Clare want to know how many pets they have together.
Tyler has 2 turtles.
Clare has 4 dogs.
Tyler wrote the equation
\(4 + 2= \boxed{6}\)
.
Clare wrote the equation
\(2 + 4 = \boxed{6}\)
.
Do both equations match the story?
Why or why not?
Show your thinking using drawings, numbers, or words.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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for free access to Student Response.
Advancing Student Thinking
If students explain that both equations match the story using only numbers, consider asking:
"How do you know that both equations match the story?"
"How could you use connecting cubes to show that they both match?"
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share.
“How does their work show us that Tyler’s equation matches the story?”
“How does their work show us that Clare’s equation matches the story?”


correct_option_index: 33