few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Thought: This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.
Answer: L

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001392

8
options: Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.

Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.

Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
problem_activity: Narrative
The goal of this activity is to use the distributive property to explain why multiplying a number by a fraction greater than one increases the size of the number while multiplying by a fraction less than one decreases the size of the number. Expressions are particularly useful here because they show explicitly how the size of the number relates to the product. For example writing
\(\frac{3}{5}\)
as
\(1 - \frac{2}{5}\)
and then multiplying by
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
gives:
\(\displaystyle \left(1 - \frac{2}{5}\right) \times \frac{4}{7} = \frac{4}{7} - \left(\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{4}{7}\right)\)
The revealing part of this calculation is that the structure of the right hand side shows that it is less than
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
without calculating the exact value (MP7). It must be less than
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
because it is
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
minus some other number.
Engagement: Internalize Self-Regulation.
Provide students an opportunity to self-assess and reflect on their own progress. For example, provide students with questions that relate to the size of the factors for them to reflect on once the activity is complete.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Attention, Memory
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
1–2 minutes: quiet think time
8–10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who use the expressions in the first problem to make the comparisons and then generalize about what happens when you multiply a number by any fraction greater than 1 or less than 1.
Student Facing
Rewrite each expression as a sum or difference of 2 products.
\(\left(1 - \frac{2}{5}\right) \times \frac{4}{7}\)
\(\left(1 + \frac{1}{5}\right)\times \frac{4}{7}\)
\(\left(1 - \frac{3}{8}\right)\times \frac{4}{7}\)
\(\left(1 + \frac{1}{8}\right)\times \frac{4}{7}\)
Fill in each blank with
\(<\)
or
\(>\)
to make the inequality true.
\(\left(1 - \frac{2}{5}\right)\times \frac{4}{7} \,\underline{\hspace{0.9cm}} \,\frac{4}{7}\)
\(\left(1 + \frac{1}{5}\right)\times \frac{4}{7} \,\underline{\hspace{0.9cm}}\, \frac{4}{7}\)
\(\left(1 - \frac{3}{8}\right)\times \frac{4}{7} \,\underline{\hspace{0.9cm}} \,\frac{4}{7}\)
\(\left(1 + \frac{1}{8}\right)\times \frac{4}{7} \,\underline{\hspace{0.9cm}} \,\frac{4}{7}\)
Describe the value of the product when
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
is multiplied by a fraction greater than 1. Explain your reasoning.
Describe the value of the product when
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
is multiplied by a fraction less than 1. Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their expressions for the products in the first problem.
Display the equation:
\(\left(1 - \frac{2}{5}\right)\times \frac{4}{7} = \frac{4}{7} - \left(\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{4}{7}\right)\)
“How can you see that the value of the expression is less than
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
?” (It’s
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
minus something.)
“Does this reasoning also work for
\(\left(1 - \frac{3}{8}\right)\times \frac{4}{7}\)
?” (Yes, it’s again
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
minus some other number.)
“Will this reasoning work whenever you multiply a number less than 1 by
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
?” (Yes, I’ll always get
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
minus an amount so that’s less than
\(\frac{4}{7}\)
.)


correct_option_index: 0