few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Standard options: 
A. Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. For example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in the bird house at the zoo was 2:1, because for every 2 wings there was 1 beak.” “For every vote candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three votes.”
B. Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
C. Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. For example, “This recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4 cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for 15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per hamburger.” (Expectations for unit rates in this grade are limited to non-complex fractions.)


Thought: This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.
Answer: B

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant standards it aligns with.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6
options: Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, volume and surface area of two- and three-dimensional objects composed of triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, cubes, and right prisms.

Use facts about supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles in a multi-step problem to write and solve simple equations for an unknown angle in a figure.
problem_activity: Optional activity
In this activity, students compute the length of a figure that is composed of half-circles and straight line segments. For the first question, they are given the length of the line segments and the diameter of the circle. For the second question, students have to compute the diameter of the circle.
As students work, monitor for students who decomposed the figure in different ways and used different approximations of
\(\pi\)
. The discussion focuses on whether the differences lead to meaningful differences in the estimate for the distance around the track.
Launch
If desired, introduce the context of a running track. Allow students to choose what approximation to use for
\(\pi\)
. Quiet work time followed by partner discussion.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Provide students with a graphic organizer to organize the information provided in the problem and to structure their problem-solving strategy. The graphic organizer should include the prompts: “What do I need to find out?”, “What do I need to do?”, and “How I solved the problem.”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Speaking, Writing: MLR5 Co-Craft Questions.
To help students understand the situation, display the image of the running track, and ask students to write down possible mathematical questions they could ask. Listen for, and amplify language students use to describe different parts of the track (inside and outside), half-circles, straight line segments, etc. Then, invite pairs to share their questions with the class. This will help students produce the language of mathematical questions, and support common understanding of the situation.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness; Support sense-making
Student Facing
The field inside a running track is made up of a rectangle that is 84.39 m long and 73 m wide, together with a half-circle at each end.
[IMG]
What is the distance around the inside of the track? Explain or show your reasoning.
The track is 9.76 m wide all the way around. What is the distance around the outside of the track? Explain or show your reasoning.
Student Response
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Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
This size running track is usually called a 400-meter track. However, if a person ran as close to the “inside” as possible on the track, they would run less than 400 meters in one lap. How far away from the inside border would someone have to run to make one lap equal exactly 400 meters?
Student Response
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for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students have trouble seeing the circle and rectangle that compose the figure, suggest that they draw additional lines to decompose the figure.
Students might apply the formula for the circumference of a circle to find the circumference of the oval-shaped field and track. If this happens, remind students that the track is not in the shape of a circle. Ask if they see a way to form a circle and a rectangle within the space.
Students who are familiar with the fact that this size track is referred to as a 400-meter track may be confused when their answer does not equal 400 meters. Explain that a runner does not run right on the edge of the track and possibly direct the student to look at the extension.
Activity Synthesis
Most of the discussion will occur in small groups. However, the whole class can debrief on the following questions:
“In what ways did you decompose the figure into different shapes?”
“Why did you choose a particular approximation for
\(\pi\)
, and what was the resulting answer?”
“How are different students’ answers related, and are they all reasonable lengths for this situation?”
Students who use more digits for their approximation of
\(\pi\)
may come up with a slightly different answer, such as 398.1. In general, when making calculations, if only an estimate is desired, then using 3.14 for
\(\pi\)
is usually good enough. In a situation like this, where the given measurements are quite precise, it can be worth trying more digits in the expansion of
\(\pi\)
, but it turns out not to make much difference in this case.


correct_option_index: 0