few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Topic options: 
A. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.
B. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
C. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
F. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
G. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
J. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
K. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.


Thought: This task involves learning addition, which is a mathematical operation, using objects.
Answer: F

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K
options: Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
problem_activity: Activity
This activity is the first time students study a rational function with a non-zero horizontal asymptote. The first part of the activity is for students to make sense of the context while reasoning about input-output pairs. The questions in the activity and the following discussion ask students to reason about why the cost per book trends toward
$
4 from first a context perspective, and then by rewriting the expression for the function and interpreting it within the context.
Monitor for students who have clear explanations regarding what the end behavior says about the context.
Launch
Display the opening statement and graph for all to see. Give students 1 minute to read the statement and then ask, “In the expression for
\(c(x)\)
, there is division by
\(x\)
since it gives the cost per book. What do you think the
\(120+4x\)
means?” (The
\(120+4x\)
is the cost to make
\(x\)
books, which is
$
4 per book and a
$
120 set-up fee.) Once students understand the different parts of the expression, allow them to continue with the first question in the activity.
If time allows, encourage students to calculate more accurate responses to the first three questions by using the equation of the function. Otherwise, approximating using the graph is the expectation.
Conversing, Writing: MLR2 Collect and Display.
Before students begin writing a response to the last question, invite them to discuss their thinking with a partner. Listen for and collect vocabulary, gestures, and phrases students use to describe the function’s behavior as it approaches infinity. Capture student language that reflects a variety of ways to describe the behavior of the function near the non-zero horizontal asymptote. Write the students’ words on a visual display or add it to the display from the previous lesson and update it throughout the remainder of the lesson, with phrases such as “gets close to 4,” “never reaches,” and “almost flat.” Add the term “horizontal asymptote” to the chart when introduced in the activity synthesis. Remind students to borrow language from the display as needed. This will help students read and use mathematical language during their partner and whole-group discussions.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. When students have seen that
\(\frac{4x+120}{x}\)
can also be expressed as
\(4+\frac{120}{x}\)
, they can sketch the graph, record both expressions on a display nearby, annotate to show the horizontal asymptote and end behavior, and record the terms in the expressions associated with each. Students can use this as a reference in the next activity.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Conceptual processing; Memory
Student Facing
Let
\(c\)
be the function that gives the average cost per book
\(c(x)\)
, in dollars, when using an online store to print
\(x\)
copies of a self-published paperback book. Here is a graph of
\(c(x)= \tfrac{120+4x}{x}.\)
[IMG]
What is the approximate cost per book when 50 books are printed? 100 books?
The author plans to charge
$
8 per book. About how many should be printed to make a profit?
What is the value of
\(c(x)\)
when
\(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
? How does this relate to the context?
What does the end behavior of the function say about the context?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students who are only looking at the graph might think that the end behavior is close to
$
0. Suggest substituting a large number for
\(x\)
or looking at a table to see the value of
\(c(x)\)
for large values of
\(x\)
.
Activity Synthesis
The purpose of this discussion is for students to learn about and discuss what a horizontal asymptote is, building on what students already know about the end behavior of polynomial functions.
Begin the discussion by selecting students to share how they worked out solutions to the first 3 questions. If any students used the equation to answer these questions exactly and time allows, invite them to share their process, particularly for the question asking how many books must be printed in order to make a profit. Students will have more opportunities to solve rational equations algebraically in future lessons, so this does not need to be a focus at this time.
Select previously identified students to share what the end behavior of the function says about the context. Then, ask students how we could rewrite
\(\frac{120+4x}{x}\)
to make the end behavior more obvious when looking at the expression for
\(c\)
. After quiet work time, invite students to share their ideas, recording these for all to see. Hopefully, at least one student has written
\(4+\frac{120}{x}\)
, but if not, help guide students to this form by suggesting decomposing the single fraction into two fractions.
Once students understand how the new form was written, ask, “Which term in
\(4+\frac{120}{x}\)
uncovers the end behavior?” (The 4 uncovers the end behavior of
\(c\)
because when
\(x\)
gets larger and larger in the positive direction,
\(\frac{120}{x}\)
gets closer to 0.) Tell students that this type of end behavior is due to a
horizontal asymptote
. For large numbers of books printed, the value of
\(c(x)\)
will get closer and closer to
$
4 but never quite reach it due to the
$
120 set-up fee that is divided among the total number of books printed.
Conclude the discussion by making sure students understand that not all rational functions have horizontal asymptotes (just think back to the graphs of the cylinder), but those that do can be written a certain way, which is the focus of the next activity.


correct_option_index: 2

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