options: Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
problem_activity: Activity
In previous lessons, data was fit with a linear model, but is not appropriate in all cases. In this activity, students individually sort cards of different scatter plots then discuss with a partner. They then re-sort the cards based on linearity and then again by positive or negative association (MP4).
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2, and give each student a set of cards. Give 5 minutes of quiet work time for the first question followed by partner discussion. For the final two questions, ask students to take turns sorting the cards by putting one card into one of the categories, then explaining their reasoning for putting it there. After both partners have agreed on the placement of that card, the other partner may repeat these steps to sort one more card. Repeat this process until all cards are sorted.
Tell the students that there is a third category for the last two parts of the activity: neither. It is possible for data to have absolutely no association and appear completely random which would not be a linear association or a non-linear association. It is also possible for data to not have a strictly positive or negative association if, for example, the scatter plot seems to increase and then decrease.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts to differentiate the degree of difficulty or complexity by beginning with fewer cards. For example, give students a subset of the cards to start with and introduce the remaining cards once students have completed their initial set of matches.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Organization
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To support students' explanations for sorting the scatter plots in the way they chose, display sentence frames for students to use when they are working with their partner. For example, “I think ____ because _____ .” or “I (agree/disagree) because ______ .”
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Optimize output for (explanation)
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you a set of cards. Each card shows a scatter plot.
Sort the cards into categories and describe each category.
Explain the reasoning behind your categories to your partner. Listen to your partner’s reasoning for their categories.
Sort the cards into two categories: positive associations and negative associations. Compare your sorting with your partner’s and discuss any disagreements.
Sort the cards into two categories: linear associations and non-linear associations. Compare your sorting with your partner’s and discuss any disagreements.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
To help clarify the meaning of linear and non-linear associations as well as positive and negative associations, consider asking some of the following questions:
“How did you originally group the cards?”
“Which graphs did you sort into the 'positive association' group?” (F and G)
“Are there any cards that did not fit with either positive or negative association?” (Yes, the points for card A form an arc that first goes up and then down.)
“Which graphs did you sort into the 'linear association' group?” (C and E)
“If a scatter plot has no association at all (neither linear nor non-linear), what might its scatter plot look like?” (A lot of random dots scattered all around the plot with no obvious trend.)


correct_option_index: 5