options: Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
problem_activity: Activity
In the previous activity, students found that negative real numbers have two imaginary square roots. In future lessons, students will use the quadratic formula to find complex solutions, which involves interpreting expressions like
\(\sqrt{\text-36}\)
. In this activity, students learn and apply the convention that for any positive real number
\(a\)
,
\(\sqrt{\text-a}=i\sqrt{a}\)
.
Launch
Explain to students that sometimes negative numbers end up inside of the square root symbol as a result of the steps used to solve equations. In the previous activity, we saw that negative numbers have two square roots, one on the positive imaginary axis, and one on the negative imaginary axis. By convention, the
\(\sqrt{}\)
symbol with a negative number inside refers to the square root on the positive imaginary axis. For example,
\(\sqrt{\text-4}=2i\)
.
Student Facing
Write these imaginary numbers using the number
\(i\)
.
\(\sqrt{\text- 36}\)
\(\sqrt{\text- 10}\)
\(\text- \sqrt{\text- 100}\)
\(\text- \sqrt{\text- 17}\)
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may need to work through some intermediate steps in order to express the square roots in terms of
\(i\)
. For example, students could break a square root apart like this:
\(\sqrt{\text-36} = \sqrt{\text-1}\boldcdot \sqrt{36} = i \boldcdot 6 = 6i\)
.
Activity Synthesis
Select students to share their responses and encourage students to show that their answers make sense by squaring. Mention that for answers that involve
\(i\)
multiplied by a radical, it is customary to write the
\(i\)
first so it doesn’t look like it might be part of the radicand. For example,
\(\sqrt{\text-15}\)
is usually written as
\(i\sqrt{15}\)
rather than
\(\sqrt{15}i\)
.
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Encourage and support opportunities for peer interactions. Prior to the whole-class discussion, invite students to share their work with a partner. Display sentence frames to support student conversation such as: “First, I _____ because . . .”, “I noticed _____ so I . . .”, “Why did you . . .?”, “I agree/disagree because . . . .”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Social-emotional skills


correct_option_index: 3