options: Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.

Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations:
- Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the same length.
- Angles are taken to angles of the same measure.
- Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines.

Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles. For example, arrange three copies of the same triangle so that the sum of the three angles appears to form a line, and give an argument in terms of transversals why this is so.

Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.

Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students calculate side lengths of similar triangles. They can use the scale factor between the similar triangles, studied in depth in previous lessons. Or they can look at internal ratios between corresponding side lengths within the triangles, introduced in the previous lesson. Students need to think strategically about which side lengths to calculate first since there are many missing values. As they discover more side lengths, this opens up more paths for finding the remaining values.
As students work, monitor for students who:
Use scale factors between triangles.
Notice that the long side is twice the short side in
\(GHI\)
and use that to find
\(c\)
,
\(d\)
, or
\(e\)
.
Notice that the long sides are equal in
\(ABC\)
and use that to find
\(h\)
,
\(d\)
, or
\(e\)
.
Select students who use different strategies to find side lengths to share during the discussion.
Launch
Tell students, “There are many ways to find the values of the unknown side lengths in similar triangles. Use what you have learned so far.” Give students 5 minutes of quiet work time followed by 5 minutes small group discussion and then a whole-class discussion.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Demonstrate and encourage students to use color coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. For example, use the same color for corresponding side lengths.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing
Student Facing
Triangles
\(ABC\)
,
\(EFD\)
, and
\(GHI\)
are all similar. The side lengths of the triangles all have the same units. Find the unknown side lengths.
[IMG]
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
If students have trouble locating corresponding sides, suggest that they use tracing paper so they can rotate and or translate them. Another technique is to color corresponding side lengths the same color. For example, they could color
\(AB\)
,
\(EF\)
, and
\(GH\)
all red.
Activity Synthesis
Ask selected students to share the following strategies:
using (external) scale factors to move from one triangle to another
using quotients of corresponding side lengths within the triangles (internal scale factors)
Both methods are efficient and the method to use is guided by what information is missing and the numbers involved in the calculations. For example, if
\(h\)
is the first missing value we find, then comparing with triangle
\(ABC\)
and using internal scale factors is appropriate. To find
\(c\)
, again we can compare
\(ABC\)
and
\(GHI\)
and internal scale factors are appropriate again because
\(\frac{6}{5}\)
is half of
\(\frac{12}{5}\)
whereas comparing
\(\frac{12}{5}\)
and
\(4\)
is more involved (the scale factor is
\(\frac{5}{3}\)
from
\(\triangle GHI\)
to
\(\triangle ABC\)
).
Ask students to articulate how they knew which sides of the similar triangles correspond. Make sure to make the following reasoning pathways explicit for all:
Triangle
\(ABC\)
has two equal side lengths, so the other two triangles will as well. This insight is efficient for finding
\(h\)
.
One side of triangle
\(GHI\)
is twice the length of another side, so this will be true of the other triangles as well. This insight is helpful for finding
\(c\)
,
\(d\)
, and
\(e\)
.
Emphasize that there are many different relationships that can be used to find side lengths of similar triangles.
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports:
To support students to articulate how they knew which sides of the similar triangles correspond, provide sentence frames such as, “For similar triangles _____ and _____ I know that sides _____ and _____ correspond because ________." Sentence frames invite and incentivize more student participation, conversation, and meta-awareness of language. This routine should help students reason about the ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles and communicate their understanding.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making, Optimize output (for comparison)


correct_option_index: 4