few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.",
  "answer": "B"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.",
  "answer": "L"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Rewrite rational expressions.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Solve systems of equations.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Add and subtract within 20.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Interpret the structure of expressions.
problem_activity: Task
Materials
Number cards labeled 1-10 (attached as a PDF)
[IMG]
Actions
Begin by playing the game as a whole class to demonstrate the rules and for students to illustrate the range of possible strategies.
Have a student pick 5 number cards from the cards labeled 1 through 10. Then, have another student pick a “Target Number” between 10 through 20.  Students must add and/or subtract 2 or more of the 5 number cards to arrive at the “target” number.
As students present the different number combinations for the “target” number, write their expressions on the board and have them explain how they were able to mentally come up with the solution.
As students explain their reasoning, name the strategies they used. For example, look for students making fives (e.g. 6 + 8 = 5 + 1 + 5 +3= 10 + 4 = 14) and tens (9 + 8 = 10 + 7), and using known facts (e.g. 8 + 8 is 16 so 8 + 7 is one less than 16) to encourage flexible thinking about the relationship among the facts.
When students understand how the game works, they can play in pairs, checking each other's solutions.


correct_option_index: 19