few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.",
  "answer": "AB"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.",
  "answer": "F"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.",
  "answer": "G"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Add and subtract within 20.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Solve systems of equations.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is to reintroduce students to Put Together, Total Unknown story problems. In this type of problem, there is no action, so students must recognize the addends must be joined to make up the total. Students were introduced to this type of story problem in kindergarten and solved within 10 using objects or drawings. Students also solved Put Together, Total Unknown problems in Unit 1 in the context of data.
Students begin the activity by looking at the problem displayed, rather than in their books. The three reads routine gives students an opportunity to make sense of the problem before looking for a solution. Because there is no action in a put together problem, students identify the important quantities and think about how they might represent them before they solve the problem (MP1). At the end of the launch, students open their books and work on the problem. Students solve in any way they choose including using objects, drawings, words, or numbers, and write an equation to match the story problem.
This activity uses
MLR6 Three Reads.
Advances: reading, listening, representing.
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
10-frames
Connecting cubes or two-color counters
Launch
Groups of 2
Give students access to 10-frames and connecting cubes or two-color counters.
Activity
MLR6 Three Reads
Display only the problem stem, without revealing the question(s).
“We are going to read this problem 3 times.”
1st Read: “Kiran has some fish in his fish tank. He has 4 red fish and 5 blue fish.”
“What is this story about?”
1 minute: partner discussion
Listen for and clarify any questions about the context.
2nd Read: “Kiran has some fish in his fish tank. He has 4 red fish and 5 blue fish.”
“What are all the things we can count in this story?” (the number of red fish, the number of blue fish, the total number of fish)
30 seconds: quiet think time
2 minutes: partner discussion
Share and record all quantities.
Reveal the question(s).
3rd Read: Read the entire problem, including question(s) aloud.
“What are different ways we can solve this problem?” (I can use red and blue connecting cubes. I can draw the fish and count them.)
30 seconds: quiet think time
1 minute: partner discussion
"Solve the problem."
3 minutes: independent work time
“Share your thinking with your partner.”
2 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students who solve in the following ways and can explain their thinking clearly:
objects or drawings and count all
objects or drawings and count on
numbers and count on
Student Facing
Kiran has some fish in his fish tank.
He has 4 red fish and 5 blue fish.
How many fish does he have in all?
Show your thinking using drawings, numbers, or words.
Equation: ________________________________
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share in sequence above.
After each student shares, “How does this representation match the story problem?”
Display
\(4+5=\boxed{9}\)
.
"Where do you see the parts of this equation in this representation? The story problem?” (4 means the 4 red fish, 5 is the blue fish, 9 is how many he has altogether.)


correct_option_index: 2