few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.",
  "answer": "AB"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.",
  "answer": "F"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.",
  "answer": "G"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Make geometric constructions.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Prove geometric theorems.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.
problem_activity: Activity
After making an estimate of the number of sticky notes on a cabinet in the warm-up, students now brainstorm ways to find that number more accurately and then go about calculating an answer. The activity prompts students to transfer their understandings of the area of polygons to find the
surface area
of a three-dimensional object.
Students learn that the surface area of a three-dimensional figure is the total area of all its faces. Since the area of a region is the number of square units it takes to cover the region without gaps and overlaps, surface area can be thought of as the number of square units that needed to cover all sides of an object without gaps and overlaps. The square sticky notes illustrate this idea in a concrete way.
As students work, notice the varying approaches taken to determine the number of sticky notes needed to tile the faces of the cabinet (excluding the bottom). Identify students with different strategies to share later.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2–4. Give students 1 minute of quiet time to think about the first question and another minute to share their responses with their group. Ask students to pause afterwards.
Select some students to share how they might go about finding out the number of sticky notes and what information they would need. Students may ask for some measurements:
The measurements of the cabinet in terms of sticky notes: Tell students that the cabinet is 24 by 12 by 6.
The measurements of the cabinet in inches or centimeters: Tell students that you don’t have that information and prompt them to think of another piece of information they could use.
The measurements of each sticky note: Share that it is 3 inches by 3 inches.
If no students mention needing the edge measurements of the cabinet in terms of sticky notes, let them begin working on the second question and provide the information when they realize that it is needed. Give students 8–10 minutes for the second question.
Student Facing
Earlier, you learned about a cabinet being covered with sticky notes.
How could you find the actual number of sticky notes it will take to cover the cabinet, excluding the bottom? What information would you need to know?
Use the information you have to find the number of sticky notes to cover the cabinet. Show your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
How many sticky notes are needed to cover the outside of 2 cabinets pushed together (including the bottom)? What about 3 cabinets? 20 cabinets?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may treat all sides as if they were congruent rectangles. That is, they find the area of the front of the cabinet and then just multiply by 5, or act as if the top is the only side that is not congruent to the others. If there is a real cabinet (or any other large object in the shape of a rectangular prism) in the classroom, consider showing students that only the sides opposite each other can be presumed to be identical.
Students may neglect the fact that the bottom of the cabinet will not be covered. Point out that the bottom is inaccessible because of the floor.
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students or groups to share their answer and strategy. On a visual display, record each answer and each distinct process for determining the surface area (i.e. multiplying the side lengths of each rectangular face and adding up the products). After each presentation, poll the class on whether others had the same answer or process.
Play the video that reveals the actual number of sticky notes needed to cover the cabinet.  If students' answers vary from that shown on the video, discuss possible reasons for the differences. (For example, students may not have accounted for the cabinet's door handles. Some may have made a calculation error.)
Tell students that the question they have been trying to answer is one about the surface area of the cabinet. Explain that the
surface area
of a three-dimensional figure is the total area of all its surfaces. We call the flat surfaces on a three-dimensional figure its
faces
.
The surface area of a rectangular prism would then be the combined area of all six of its faces. In the context of this problem, we excluded the bottom face, since it is sitting on the ground and will not be tiled with sticky notes. Discuss:
“What unit of measurement are we using to represent the surface area of the cabinet?” (Square sticky notes)
“Would the surface area change if we used larger or smaller sticky notes? How?” (Yes, if we use larger sticky notes, we would need fewer. If we use smaller ones, we would need more.)
Speaking, Listening: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
As students share their strategies for determining the number of sticky notes that cover the cabinet, ask students to make connections between the various strategies. Some students will calculate the number of sticky notes that will cover each of the five faces of the cabinet and add them together. Other students may realize that opposite faces of the cabinet are congruent so it is only necessary to calculate the area of three faces of the cabinet. Encourage students to explain why both methods result in the same answer. This will promote students’ use of mathematical language as they make sense of the various methods for finding the surface area of a rectangular prism.
Design Principles(s): Cultivate conversation; Maximize meta-awareness


correct_option_index: 23