few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.",
  "answer": "B"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
B. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
C. Interpret the structure of expressions.
D. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
E. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
F. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
G. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
H. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
K. Generate and analyze patterns.
L. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
M. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
O. Rewrite rational expressions.
P. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
S. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
T. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
U. Multiply and divide within 100.
V. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
W. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
X. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Y. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
Z. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
AA. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
AB. Solve systems of equations.
AC. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
AD. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
AE. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
AF. Analyze patterns and relationships.
AG. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
AH. Add and subtract within 20.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems involves solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations.",
  "answer": "L"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001392

8
options: Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Prove theorems involving similarity.

Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.

Prove geometric theorems.

Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.

Reason with shapes and their attributes.

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.

Understand and apply theorems about circles.

Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).

Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.

Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.

Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.

Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.

Make geometric constructions.

Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Experiment with transformations in the plane.

Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.

Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.

Apply trigonometry to general triangles.

Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.

Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to sort triangles into more specific categories. This requires students to attend to an attribute other than the number of sides. As students sort the triangles, monitor for students who sort by the number of equal side lengths or the presence of a right angle (MP7). Although the terms “equilateral,” “isosceles,” and “scalene” are not introduced in this lesson it is fine if students already know them and use them to describe the groups of triangles.
MLR2 Collect and Display.
Direct attention to words collected and displayed from the previous lesson. Invite students to borrow language from the display as needed, and update it throughout the lesson.
Advances: Conversing, Reading
Representation: Access for Perception.
Synthesis: Use gestures during explanation of triangle sorting to emphasize side lengths of triangles.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-Spatial Processing
Required Materials
Materials to Copy
Triangle Cards Grade 3
Required Preparation
Create a set of cards from the blackline master for each group of 2 or 4.
When copying the card sort triangles, use colored paper to distinguish these cards from the cards in the next activity.
Launch
Groups of 2 or 4
Distribute one set of pre-cut cards to each group of students.
“What do you notice about the shapes on the cards?” (The shapes are all triangles. They all look different. Some of them have sides that are the same length.)
1 minute: quiet think time
Activity
“Work with your partner to sort the triangles into categories. Be sure to explain your categories.”
8 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students that sort the triangles into groups based on:
the number of sides with equal length (all, two, none)
the sides and corners having the same size (the triangles being identical)
the presence of right angles
Student Facing
Sort the triangles into categories. Record your categories and be prepared to explain how you sorted the shapes.
[IMG]
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students say they aren’t sure how to sort the shapes because they are all triangles, consider asking:
“What other attributes have you used before to sort shapes?”
“How are some of the triangles different?”
Activity Synthesis
Select groups to share their categories and how they sorted their cards.
Allow as many categories to be presented as time permits, but be sure to highlight categories based on the number of sides with equal length.
Highlight the use of terms like “equal side lengths” and “angles.”
Record and display the attributes students use to categorize the triangles.


correct_option_index: 5