few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.",
  "answer": "AB"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Rewrite rational expressions.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Add and subtract within 20.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Solve systems of equations.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to determine whether a situation is about an unknown number of groups or an unknown number of objects in each group. After sorting the situations, students write a division expression to represent each situation. The fact that the structure of the expressions is the same for representing an unknown number of groups or an unknown number of objects in each group further emphasizes that division expressions can be interpreted two ways. As students discuss and justify their decisions, they share a mathematical claim and the thinking behind it (MP3).
As students explain their reasoning around the unknown in the situation, encourage students to describe how they would start to solve the problem to make it clear what is unknown in the situation.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis. Display a sentence frame to support whole-class discussion: “We noticed _____ so we . . . .”
Advances: Speaking, Representing
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts. Give students a subset of the cards to start with and introduce the remaining cards once students have completed their initial set of matches.
Supports accessibility for: Organization, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Copy
Card Sort: All About Bugs
Required Preparation
Create a set of cards from the blackline master for each group of 2.
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the image.
“We are going to work with some situations involving insects. Insects are a type of bug. These are all insects.”
“What are some parts of the insects we could count?” (legs, eyes, wings, antennae, body segments)
If needed, clarify what antennae are.
Distribute one set of pre-cut cards to each group of students.
Activity
“In this activity, you will sort some cards into categories of your choosing. When you sort the situations, you should work with your partner to come up with categories.”
5 minutes: partner work time
Select groups to share their categories and how they sorted their cards.
Choose as many different types of categories as time allows, but ensure that one set of categories distinguishes between “how many groups?” and “how many in each group?” problems.
If no students sorted the cards by type of division situation, give them a minute to do so, and then discuss how they know which type of division each situation represents.
“Now work with your partner to sort your cards by ‘how many groups?’ and ‘how many in each group?’ problems.”
“Once you have sorted your cards, write a division expression to represent each situation.”
5 minutes: partner work time
Student Facing
[IMG]
Your teacher will give you a set of cards that show situations. Sort the cards into 2 categories of your choosing. Be prepared to explain the meaning of your categories.
A. Mole crickets have special legs for digging. Ten special legs belong to 5 mole crickets. How many special legs does each mole cricket have?
B. A beetle has a pair of antennae for sensing heat, touch, smell, and more. If there are 8 antennae, how many beetles are there?
\(\phantom{00}\)
C. Fourteen antennae belong to a group of bees. If each bee has 2 antennae, how many bees are there?
D. There are 12 wings. If each dragonfly has 4 wings, how many dragonflies are there?
\(\phantom{00}\)
E. Thirty legs belong to 5 ants. If all the ants have the same number of legs, how many legs does each ant have?
F. There are 50 spots on 5 butterflies. If each butterfly has the same number of spots, how many spots does each butterfly have?
Write a division expression to represent each situation. Be ready to explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share the expression for each situation.
Consider asking:
“What does each number represent in the expression?”
“Where do you see the number of groups in the expression?”
“Where do you see the number of objects in each group in the expression?”


correct_option_index: 3