few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Topic options: 
A. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
B. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
C. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
F. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
G. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
J. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
K. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem asks students to reason about ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.",
  "answer": "D"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6
options: Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
problem_activity: Activity
In the previous activity, students calculated the scaled distances they would need to create a scale drawing, but did not actually create the scale drawing. In this activity, they create two different scale drawings of the state of Utah and notice how the scale impacts the drawing. One of the reasons choice of a scale is important is that we want to see the appropriate level of detail within a fixed space.
Launch
Display the outline of Utah and ask students “What do you notice? What do you wonder?”
[IMG]
Ask students to describe the shape: a rectangle with a smaller rectangle removed in the upper right corner.
Give students 5–6 minutes of quiet work time followed by whole-class discussion.
Student Facing
A rectangle around Utah is about 270 miles wide and about 350 miles tall. The upper right corner that is missing is about 110 miles wide and about 70 miles tall.
Make a scale drawing of Utah where 1 centimeter represents 50 miles.
Make a scale drawing of Utah where 1 centimeter represents 75 miles.
How do the two drawings compare? How does the choice of scale influence the drawing?
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may get a shape that is not closed or does not have right angles if they did not measure carefully enough. Prompt them to double-check their measurement for a particular side of the state if you can easily tell which side is drawn incorrectly.
Students may think that a scale of 1 centimeter to 50 miles will produce a smaller scale drawing than a scale of 1 centimeter to 75 miles (because 50 is less than 75). Ask them how many centimeters it takes to represent 75 miles if 1 centimeter represents 50 miles (1.5) and how many centimeters it takes to represent 75 miles if 1 centimeter represents 75 miles (1).
Activity Synthesis
Ask students what the two scale drawings share in common. Answers include: they both represent Utah, they both have the same shape, and they both can be used to measure distances in the actual state of Utah.
Ask students how the two scale drawings differ. The one at a scale of 1 centimeter to 50 miles is larger than the one at a scale of 1 centimeter to 75 miles.
Some students may notice that the scale drawing at a scale of 1 centimeter to 75 miles is actually a scaled copy of the other drawing, with a scale factor of 1.5. If so, ask them to share their observation linking scale drawings with scaled copies.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. For example, annotate a display of the two scale drawings to make visible what the drawings share in common, and how they differ.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing
Reading, Speaking: MLR3 Clarify, Critique, Correct.
Before presenting the correct scale drawings of Utah, present an incorrect drawing and written explanation. For example, present a rectangle approximately 5.4 cm wide and 7 cm tall that is missing an upper right corner which is approximately 1.4 cm wide and 2.2 cm tall, and provide the statement: “Since 1 cm represents 50 miles, I divided 110 and 70 each by 50, and got 2.2 and 1.4. The small rectangle that is missing is 2.2 cm tall and 1.4 cm wide.” Ask students to identify the error, critique the reasoning, and revise the statement so that the drawing is a scale drawing of Utah. This will remind students about the characteristics of scale drawings discussed in previous lessons and how to determine whether a drawing qualifies as a scale drawing of an actual object.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation); Maximize meta-awareness


correct_option_index: 9