few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
B. Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem focuses on the ratio between two ingredients. Students do not have to analyze proportional relationships in-depth, which is reserved for a higher grade level, but rather use ratios to find missing values.",
  "answer": "B"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6
options: Draw informal comparative inferences about two populations.

Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments.

Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies.

Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable.

Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables.

Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems.

Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model.

Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.

Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data.

Develop understanding of statistical variability.

Interpret linear models.

Summarize and describe distributions.

Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions.

Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population.

Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.
problem_activity: Activity
The mathematical goal of this activity is for students to collect and summarize data from an experiment. Students will measure their heart rate after doing a light exercise and use the difference from their resting heart rate as data to analyze in a later activity.
Launch
Arrange students in the 2 groups created at random in the activity
Get Ready to Experiment
. Tell students, “One group will count out loud while exercising and the other group will remain silent while exercising. Everyone will take their pulse silently after the exercising is finished.” For the exercise, consider asking the students to do 30 jumping-jacks or running in place for 1 minute. The intensity should be such that it raises student heart rates quickly without making them overly sweaty. Adjust the time or level of exercise to meet the needs of your class.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Provide students with a template so they can fill in the data for their heart rate and calculations. For example, include a line for each item students should record (resting heart rate, group, exercise heart rate for 10 seconds, multiply by 6 for beats per minute, exercise heart rate minus resting heart rate).
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Student Facing
Does counting while exercising affect your heart rate? Let’s perform an experiment to find out.
Your teacher will help divide you into two groups and lead the exercise. If you are selected to be in the group that will count during the exercise, count out loud together with your group while you do the exercise. If you are selected to be in the group that will remain silent during the exercise, remain quiet.
Immediately following the exercise, measure your heart rate again. Count the number of beats in ten seconds and multiply the result by 6 to get your heart rate in beats per minute. Record this result. Find the difference in heart rate by subtracting your heart rate after exercise from the resting heart rate you found during the warm-up.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Collect the differences in heart rate from each student and keep them separated by groups. Display the results for all to see. These results will be used later in the lesson.
The goal of this discussion is for students to think about how to analyze the data from the two groups. Here are some questions for discussion:
“How could you graphically represent the data?” (You could make a histogram showing the distribution of the data from each group.)
“What are some ways you could analyze the data?” (You could calculate and compare the mean and standard deviation of each data set, or compare the shapes of the two histograms.)
“How would you find a randomization distribution for this data?” (You could record all of the values in a spreadsheet then choose half of them at random to be the counting group and the other half to be the silent group. Then you would find the means of those two groups and subtract them. You would repeat this many times.)


correct_option_index: 2