few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to create composite shapes and compose new shapes from composite shapes. For example, students may find that a rectangular prism can be made from four triangular prisms or from eight smaller cubes. Students then discover that they can combine two of the composed rectangular prisms to make a new rectangular prism.
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Geoblocks
Launch
Groups of 4
Give each group geoblocks.
Display a large cube.
“This cube can be built from other shapes. See how many ways you can build a cube using other shapes.”
3 minutes: partner work time
Share responses.
Activity
“Choose a different shape. Try to find smaller shapes you can use to build that shape.”
5 minutes: partner work time
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Display a cube and a composite cube—for example, a cube composed of four small cubes and one rectangular prism.
Demonstrate putting the shapes together.
“What new shape did I make with the cube and the cube I made?”
“Put your shapes together to make a rectangular prism.”
Display a rectangular prism and two triangular prisms.
“Find these shapes. Put them together. What new shape can you make?” (a cube, a rectangular block)


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
D. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
E. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
F. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
G. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
J. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
K. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Prove geometric theorems.
N. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.
S. Make geometric constructions.
T. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
V. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
W. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
X. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
Y. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
Z. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
AA. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This activity asks students to reason how shapes can combine to make other shapes.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_lesson_009431

1
options: Draw informal comparative inferences about two populations.

Develop understanding of statistical variability.

Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable.

Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model.

Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.

Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems.

Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions.

Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.

Summarize and describe distributions.

Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments.

Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables.

Interpret linear models.

Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data.

Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population.

Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies.
problem_activity: Optional activity
The activity provides further practice in finding probabilities of events.
In this activity, students see an experiment that has two steps where the result of the first step influences the possibilities for the second step. Often this process is referred to as doing something “without replacement.” At this stage, students should approach these experiments in a very similar way to all of the other probability questions they have encountered, but they must be very careful about the number of outcomes in the sample space (MP6).
Launch
Keep students in groups of 2. Give students 5–7 minutes of quiet work time followed by partner and whole-class discussion.
Identify students who are not noticing that it is impossible to draw the same color twice based on the instructions. Refocus these students by asking them to imagine drawing a red card on the first pick and thinking about what’s possible to get for the second card.
Representation: Access for Perception.
Provide access to concrete manipulatives. Provide five different colored cards for students to view or manipulate. These hands-on models will help students identify characteristics or features, and support finding outcomes for calculating probabilities.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing; Conceptual processing
Conversing: MLR5 Co-Craft Questions.
Display the initial task statement that begins, “Imagine there are five cards...", before revealing the questions that follow. Ask pairs to write down possible mathematical questions that can be answered about the situation. As pairs share their questions with the class, listen for and highlight questions that ask how the “without putting the card back” part of the scenario would change the outcome of the sample space. This will help students consider the differences between this problem and previous problems and how that impacts the sample space.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output; Maximize meta-awareness
Student Facing
Imagine there are 5 cards. They are colored red, yellow, green, white, and black. You mix up the cards and select one of them without looking. Then, without putting that card back, you mix up the remaining cards and select another one.
Write the sample space and tell how many possible outcomes there are.
What structure did you use to write all of the outcomes (list, table, tree, something else)? Explain why you chose that structure.
What is the probability that:
You get a white card and a red card (in either order)?
You get a black card (either time)?
You do not get a black card (either time)?
You get a blue card?
You get 2 cards of the same color?
You get 2 cards of different colors?
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
In a game using five cards numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, you take two cards and add the values together. If the sum is 8, you win. Would you rather pick a card and put it back before picking the second card, or keep the card in your hand while you pick the second card? Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may misread the problem and think that they replace the card before picking the next one. Ask these students to read the problem more carefully and ask the student, “What is possible to get when you draw the second card while you already have a red card in your hand?”
Activity Synthesis
The purpose of the discussion is for students to compare the same context with replacement and without replacement.
Consider asking these questions for discussion:
“What would change about your calculations if the experiment required replacing the first card before picking a second card?” (There would be 25 outcomes in the sample space. The probability of getting the same color twice would be
\(\frac{5}{25}\)
. The probability of getting different colors would be
\(\frac{20}{25}\)
. The probability of getting red and white would be
\(\frac{2}{25}\)
. The probability of getting a black card would be
\(\frac{9}{25}\)
and not getting a black card would be
\(\frac{16}{25}\)
. It would still be impossible to get a blue card, so its probability would be 0.)
“What do you notice about the sum of the probability of getting a black card and the probability of not getting a black card?” (They have a sum of 1.)
“Explain why these outcomes might have probabilities with this relationship.” (Since you either get a black card or not, together their probabilities should be 1 or 100%.)


correct_option_index: 7