few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
Task
Cruz and Erica were both getting ready for soccer.
Cruz ran 1 lap around the school.
Erica ran 3 laps around the playground.
Erica said,
I ran more laps, so I ran farther.
Cruz said,
4 laps around the school is 1 mile, but it takes 12 laps around the playground to go 1 mile. My laps are much longer, so I ran farther.
Who is right? Draw a picture to help you explain your answer.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
E. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
F. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "In this problem, students learn to recognize equivalent fractions. That is, three laps around the playground is 3/12 mile, which is equivalent to 1/4, which is one lap around the school.",
  "answer": "B"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_000212

4
options: Use functions to model relationships between quantities.

Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.

Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.

Build new functions from existing functions.

Analyze functions using different representations.

Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.

Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.

Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.

Prove and apply trigonometric identities.

Define, evaluate, and compare functions.

Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.

Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
problem_activity: Warm-up
This Math Talk encourages students to think about the relationship between base 10 logarithms and exponential expressions. Students have a chance to rewrite decimals, fractions, and base 10 numbers as powers of 10 in order to see which power of 10 the number is equal to and so find its base 10 logarithm. They will use this skill later in the lesson and in future lessons in order to calculate or estimate different logarithms.
Launch
Remind students that logarithms with no specified base are base-10 logarithms.
Display one problem at a time. Give students quiet think time for each problem and ask them to give a signal when they have an answer and a strategy. Keep all problems displayed throughout the talk. Follow with a whole-class discussion.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
To support working memory, provide students with sticky notes or mini whiteboards.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Organization
Student Facing
Evaluate mentally.
\(\log 10\)
\(\log 10,\!000\)
\(\log 0.1\)
\(\log \frac{1}{1,000}\)
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Ask students to share their strategies for each problem. Record and display their responses for all to see. To involve more students in the conversation, consider asking:
“Who can restate
\(\underline{\hspace{.5in}}\)
’s reasoning in a different way?”
“Did anyone have the same strategy but would explain it differently?”
“Did anyone solve the problem in a different way?”
“Does anyone want to add on to
\(\underline{\hspace{.5in}}\)
’s strategy?”
“Do you agree or disagree? Why?”
If not already mentioned, make sure students recall that numbers such as 0.1 and
\(\frac{1}{1,000}\)
are still powers of 10 but they have negative exponents (that is, 0.1 is
\(10^{\text -1}\)
, and
\(\frac {1}{1,000}\)
is
\(\frac{1}{10^3}\)
or
\(10^{\text-3}\)
). This suggests that the logarithms of numbers that are less than 1 would be negative.
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their strategy. For example, "First, I _____ because…” or "I noticed _____ so I . . . .” Some students may benefit from the opportunity to rehearse what they will say with a partner before they share with the whole class.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation)


correct_option_index: 5