few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.",
  "answer": "G"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000674

5
options: Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions.

Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems.

Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data.

Interpret linear models.

Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population.

Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments.

Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models.

Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.

Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies.

Summarize and describe distributions.

Develop understanding of statistical variability.

Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model.

Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable.

Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables.

Draw informal comparative inferences about two populations.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students calculate the mean of a data set and interpret it in the context of the given situation. The first data set students see here has a dozen values, discouraging students from redistributing the values incrementally and encouraging them to use a more efficient method. In the second question, students analyze the values in data sets and use the structure (MP7) to decide whether or not it makes sense that a given mean would match the data set.
As students work and discuss, notice the reasons they give for why the data sets in the second question could or could not be Tyler's data set. Identify students who recognize that the mean of a data set cannot be expected to be higher or lower than most of the values of the data set, and that a fair-share value would have a value that is roughly in the middle of data values.
Launch
Keep students in groups of 2. Give them 6–7 minutes of quiet work time, and then time to discuss their responses with their partner.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Activate or supply background knowledge about determining means of data sets. Allow students to use calculators to ensure inclusive participation in the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Conceptual processing
Student Facing
For the past 12 school days, Mai has recorded how long her bus rides to school take in minutes. The times she recorded are shown in the table.
9
8
6
9
10
7
6
12
9
8
10
8
Find the mean for Mai’s data. Show your reasoning.
In this situation, what does the mean tell us about Mai’s trip to school?
For 5 days, Tyler has recorded how long his walks to school take in minutes. The mean for his data is 11 minutes. Without calculating, predict if each of the data sets shown could be Tyler’s. Explain your reasoning.
data set A: 11, 8, 7, 9, 8
data set B: 12, 7, 13, 9, 14
data set C: 11, 20, 6, 9, 10
data set D: 8, 10, 9, 11, 11
Determine which data set is Tyler’s. Explain how you know.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Select a couple of students to share how they found the mean of Mai's travel times. Poll the class briefly to see if others in the class found the mean the same way.
Then, focus the discussion on the second task and on what values could be reasonably expected of a data set with a particular mean. Ask students how they decided to rule out or keep certain sets of data as potentially belonging to Tyler. If not mentioned by students, highlight that the mean of a data set would be a value in the middle of the range of numbers in order for it to be a fair-share value.
Point out that, unlike hours of work or cats in crates, the times of travel here cannot actually be redistributed. The interpretation of mean translates into a thought experiment:
The mean is the travel time each day if all the travel times in the set were the same such that the combined travel time for this data set and the original data set was the same.
Speaking, Listening: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Use this routine to support students’ explanations of which data set is Tyler’s. Invite students to use the sentence frame “Data set ___ is Tyler’s because . . . .” Invite listeners to use the sentence frame “I agree/disagree, because . . . .” This will help students explain their own reasoning and make the sense of the reasoning of others.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Optimize output (for justification


correct_option_index: 9

10