few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
Task
Cruz and Erica were both getting ready for soccer.
Cruz ran 1 lap around the school.
Erica ran 3 laps around the playground.
Erica said,
I ran more laps, so I ran farther.
Cruz said,
4 laps around the school is 1 mile, but it takes 12 laps around the playground to go 1 mile. My laps are much longer, so I ran farther.
Who is right? Draw a picture to help you explain your answer.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
E. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
F. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "In this problem, students learn to recognize equivalent fractions. That is, three laps around the playground is 3/12 mile, which is equivalent to 1/4, which is one lap around the school.",
  "answer": "B"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_000212

4
options: Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Solve systems of equations.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Add and subtract within 20.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
problem_activity: Narrative
Previously, students multiplied two factors where one factor was a whole number and the other a teen number. The purpose of this activity is for students to make sense of multiplication of a one-digit number and a two-digit number greater than 20. Students analyze representations used to find
\(4 \times 23\)
and articulate reasons for using strategies that are based on the distributive property and place value to find products (MP7). Along the way, they see that decomposing the two-digit factors into tens and ones is particularly helpful for multiplying. They also reinforce what they know about the connections between area diagrams and multiplication expressions.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Before partner work, remind students to use words such as decompose, tens, and ones.
Advances: Speaking, Representing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Base-ten blocks
Materials to Copy
Centimeter Grid Paper - Standard
Launch
Groups of 2
“Take a minute to make sense of how Clare and Andre represented
\(4 \times 23\)
.”
1 minute: quiet think time
Give students access to grid paper and base-ten blocks.
Activity
“Now, work with your partner to complete the first two problems about
\(4 \times 23\)
.”
8–10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for the diagrams that students choose in Diego’s problem and for their explanations.
Pause for a discussion. Invite students to share their responses.
If not mentioned by students, clarify that all diagrams can be used to multiply 4 and 23, but not all are equally practical.
Select a student to explain why diagram D might be more productive than the other diagrams.
“Now, work independently to complete the last problem.”
2–3 minutes: independent work time
Student Facing
Here is how Clare and Andre represented
\(4 \times 23\)
.
Clare
[IMG]
Andre
[IMG]
How does each diagram show
\(4 \times 23\)
?
How could we use Clare’s diagram to find the value of
\(4 \times 23\)
?
How could we use Andre’s diagram to find the value of
\(4 \times 23\)
?
Diego tried different ways to partition or split a diagram to help him find the value of
\(4 \times 23\)
.
A
[IMG]
B
[IMG]
C
[IMG]
D
[IMG]
What do you notice about the numbers in his diagrams?
Which diagram would you use to find the value of
\(4 \times 23\)
? Explain your reasoning.
Find the value of
\(3 \times 28\)
.
Show your thinking using diagrams, symbols, or other representations.
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students choose a diagram in the second problem that doesn't help them find the product of
\(4\times23\)
, consider asking:
“Tell me about how you chose which diagram you would use to find the value of
\(4\times23\)
.”
“Is there another diagram that would make finding the value of
\(4\times23\)
easier? How would it make it easier?”
Activity Synthesis
“What representations did you use in the last question to show
\(3 \times 28\)
? How did they help you find the product?” (Base-ten blocks helped me break the 28 into tens and ones. A diagram with a grid helped me break 28 into smaller numbers. A diagram with no grid helped me think about the numbers as I labeled it without worrying about all the little squares.)


correct_option_index: 30