few_shots: Example:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Topic options: 
A. Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
B. Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.
C. Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.
D. Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
E. Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.
F. Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
G. Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.
H. Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.
I. Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
J. Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.
K. Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem asks students to reason about ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.",
  "answer": "D"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant topics it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_000972

6
options: Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to learn stage 2 of the Target Numbers center. Students start with 25, choose a number card and decide whether to add that number of tens or ones. Students play six rounds and the student who gets as close to 95 as possible without going over is the winner.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Prior to playing the game, invite students to make sense of the directions and take turns sharing their understanding with their partner. Listen for and clarify any questions about the directions.
Advances: Reading, Representing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Connecting cubes in towers of 10 and singles
Number cards 0–10
Materials to Copy
Target Numbers Stage 2 Recording Sheet
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each group a set of number cards, two recording sheets, and access to connecting cubes in towers of 10 and singles.
“Take out all of the cards that show 0 or 10.”
“We are going to learn a new way to play Target Numbers. This time, your goal is to get as close to 95 as you can, without going over. You only get 6 turns. On each turn, you get to decide whether you want to add tens or ones to your number. Let’s play a round together. Each partner starts at 25.”
Demonstrate drawing a number card.
“I drew a [4]. Should I add 4 ones or 4 tens? Why?” (You can add 4 tens because that will give you 65. You still have 5 rounds to get to 95. You can add 4 ones to make 29. That gives you more time to add tens.)
30 seconds: quiet think time
30 seconds: partner discussion
Share responses.
“I’m going to add 4 tens, 2 tens and 4 tens is 6 tens. So my sum is 65.”
“Once my partner and I agree on the sum, the partner who drew the number card records an equation. Since 25 is already filled in for me, I will record the number as tens (or ones) and the sum.”
Demonstrate completing the equation.
“After I write my equation, the sum becomes my starting number for the next round, so I write it in as the first number in the next equation.”
If needed, play another round with the class.
“Take turns drawing the number card, finding the sum and writing an equation. Each player plays 6 rounds. Whoever gets closest to 95 without going over is the winner.”
Activity
10 minutes: partner work time
Activity Synthesis
“When you draw the number card, what is your method for deciding whether to add that many tens or ones?” (I think about how close I am to 95. That helps me think about whether to add ones or tens.)


correct_option_index: 9