few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.",
  "answer": "AB"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.",
  "answer": "F"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.",
  "answer": "G"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Geometric measurement: understand concepts of angle and measure angles.

Work with time and money.

Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.

Tell and write time.

Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units.

Represent and interpret data.

Solve problems involving measurement and estimation of intervals of time, liquid volumes, and masses of objects.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.

Convert like measurement units within a given measurement system.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of area and relate area to multiplication and to addition.

Measure and estimate lengths in standard units.

Relate addition and subtraction to length.

Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category.

Describe and compare measurable attributes.

Geometric measurement: recognize perimeter as an attribute of plane figures and distinguish between linear and area measures.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to compare different methods for solving problems within 100 using data presented in a bar graph. Students may use whatever method makes the most sense to them. The synthesis focuses on sharing multiple methods that students use to find the difference. Monitor for students who use methods that rely on using the bar graph to count on or count back and those that use more abstract methods, such as adding or subtracting by place value.
For example, when combining categories, some students may choose to use the graph to count on. Other students may choose to combine tens and ones with or without drawing a base-ten diagram or other representation.
Engagement: Provide Access by Recruiting Interest.
Provide choice. Invite students to choose a strategy and tool that works for them. Encourage students to use that same strategy and tool for both problems so they are not overwhelmed.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Organization, Attention
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Connecting cubes in towers of 10 and singles
Required Preparation
Create towers of 10 with the connecting cubes.
Have single connecting cubes available.
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the bar graph.
“What does this graph tell us?” (students’ favorite movie snacks, students picked their favorite movie snacks)
1 minute: quiet think time
1 minuter: partner discussion
Share responses.
Give students access to connecting cubes in towers of ten and singles.
Activity
“Use the bar graph to answer the questions. Show your thinking using drawings, numbers, or words.”
“You can use the connecting cubes or any of the other representations we saw in the warm-up to help you.”
8 minutes: independent work time
“Now compare your methods with your partner. How are they similar or different?”
4 minutes: partner discussion
As students work, monitor for students who:
use the bar graph to count on or count back
use the connecting cubes or base-ten drawings to show adding or subtracting tens with tens and ones with ones
Student Facing
Use the bar graph to answer the questions.
[IMG]
What is the total number of students that chose popcorn or pretzels? Show your thinking.
How many more students chose nachos than chose popcorn? Show your thinking.
[IMG]
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share the method they used to find how many more students chose nachos than chose popcorn.
As needed, record student methods using equations.
Consider asking:
“How are these methods the same? How are they different?”
“How does the method work? Why does each method find the same value?”


correct_option_index: 5