few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.",
  "answer": "AB"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers.
B. Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.
C. Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
D. Represent complex numbers and their operations on the complex plane.
E. Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
F. Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
G. Represent and model with vector quantities.
H. Perform operations on vectors.
I. Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
J. Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.
K. Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
L. Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers.
M. Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications.
N. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions, multiplication, and division.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.",
  "answer": "A"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

fl_problem_001097

7

fl_problem_001894

HS_0
options: Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Solve systems of equations.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Add and subtract within 20.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students solve addition problems using money based on the Pattern Block Puzzles they sketched in the last activity.
The launch of the activity is an opportunity for students to reason which of the two designs will cost more before they complete any computations.
MLR7 Compare and Connect.
Synthesis: After all strategies have been presented, lead a discussion comparing, contrasting, and connecting the different approaches. Ask, “Did anyone solve the problem the same way, but would explain it differently?”, “What did the representations have in common?”, “How were they different?”
Advances: Representing, Conversing
Launch
Groups of 2
“At the Pattern Block Store, each pattern block shape has a different price.”
Display the price list.
“Which of the two puzzles that you sketched do you think will cost more to make? Puzzle 1 or 2?”
30 seconds: quiet think time
1 minute: partner discussion
Share responses.
Activity
“Use the price list to figure out how much your two puzzles would cost.”
5 minutes: independent work time
5 minutes: partner discussion
As students work, look for different addition strategies. Monitor for students who:
add like quantities first
add bigger or smaller coins first
add some coins mentally
Student Facing
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"border": "1"}, "thead": [{"tr": [{"th": [{"_attributes": {"scope": "col"}, "_value": "shape"}, {"_attributes": {"scope": "col"}, "_value": "cost"}]}]}], "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-tikz-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "150143", "data-record-model": "TikzFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "Pattern block. Hexagon.", "role": "image", "src": "https://cms-im.s3.amazonaws.com/cv5e6biplridvvjo2ed3aj5h1l0e?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22tikz-file-150143.svg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27tikz-file-150143.svg&response-content-type=image%2Fsvg%2Bxml&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXQCCIHWF3XOEFOW4%2F20240208%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240208T164143Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=0347509318fc91e6302bb64febc22d05e7fffde820a42d8a1c974d802d04e917"}}], "figcaption": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figcaption"]}}]}]}, {"figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-image-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "37582", "data-record-model": "ImageFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "Coin. A quarter.", "class": ["h-max-height--5-lines"], "role": "image", "src": "https://cms-im.s3.amazonaws.com/mbgbaf4nkk0vsawoqjlubrf00b4z?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22quarter-back.png%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27quarter-back.png&response-content-type=image%2Fpng&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXQCCIHWF3XOEFOW4%2F20240208%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240208T164143Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=5ac6aff10bd46b5365f46ffeab054cd6ff7d700dfc9c660e3d011fd4c9676951"}}], "figcaption": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figcaption"]}}]}]}]}, {"td": [{"figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-tikz-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "150144", "data-record-model": "TikzFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "Pattern block. Trapezoid.", "role": "image", "src": "https://cms-im.s3.amazonaws.com/jbxq4b7lr973twd7cju57q0oulmj?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22tikz-file-150144.svg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27tikz-file-150144.svg&response-content-type=image%2Fsvg%2Bxml&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXQCCIHWF3XOEFOW4%2F20240208%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240208T164143Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=cc2008c7b66cc9ba4e3feaf6d1cf65f2728db5a857421988d5a8147858504207"}}], "figcaption": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figcaption"]}}]}]}, {"figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-image-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "37583", "data-record-model": "ImageFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "A dime.", "class": ["h-max-height--3-lines"], "role": "image", "src": "https://cms-im.s3.amazonaws.com/cc7y30885x6mfqcvcubex3157eqw?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22dime-front.png%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27dime-front.png&response-content-type=image%2Fpng&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXQCCIHWF3XOEFOW4%2F20240208%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240208T164143Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=ed89067d01fbdb1013e28bfcff88ddb6c25812308117e2bbcefd3ce44f699d7a"}}], "figcaption": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figcaption"]}}]}]}]}, {"td": [{"figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-tikz-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "150145", "data-record-model": "TikzFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "Pattern block. 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How much would the two puzzles you sketched cost at the Pattern Block Store? Show or explain your reasoning.
Puzzle 1:
Puzzle 2:
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite previously selected students to share.
“Is it possible to redesign the puzzle to save more money?” (Yes, I can switch a blue rhombus with two triangles.)


correct_option_index: 33