few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
B. Generate and analyze patterns.
C. Analyze patterns and relationships.
D. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
E. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
F. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
G. Solve systems of equations.
H. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
I. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
J. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
K. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
L. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
O. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
P. Rewrite rational expressions.
Q. Interpret the structure of expressions.
R. Add and subtract within 20.
S. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
T. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
U. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
V. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
Y. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
Z. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
AA. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AB. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
AC. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AD. Multiply and divide within 100.
AE. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
AF. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
AG. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
AH. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This task teaches students to understand addition as putting together counters, or adding to already placed counters.",
  "answer": "AB"
}

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
B. Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
C. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
D. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
E. Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.
F. Develop Understanding of fractions as numbers.
Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This problem involves understanding fractions as numbers by comparing their quantities.",
  "answer": "F"
}

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)
B. Understand place value.
C. Understand the place value system.
D. Extend the counting sequence.
E. Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.
F. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
G. Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
H. Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
I. Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.


Your response, in json format:
{
  "explanation": "This set of problems asks students to perform multiplication, which is an operation, on multi-digit whole numbers.",
  "answer": "G"
}

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: im_task_001477

K

im_task_000157

3

fl_problem_000674

5
options: Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.

Generate and analyze patterns.

Work with addition and subtraction equations.

Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.

Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Multiply and divide within 100.

Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.

Work with radicals and integer exponents.

Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Rewrite rational expressions.

Solve systems of equations.

Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

Interpret the structure of expressions.

Create equations that describe numbers or relationships

Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.

Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.

Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.

Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Add and subtract within 20.

Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.

Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to use what they’ve learned about multiplication to solve and represent situations that involve equal groups. Students now have experience with multiple representations and have the opportunity to choose which representation is most helpful to represent multiplication situations.
The launch of the activity is an opportunity for students to share their experiences and ask questions about the objects to ensure each student has access to the context. If it is helpful, display images of the items for students to reference.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: As students describe their representations of the problems, use gestures to emphasize the number of groups and how many are in each group. For example, trace with your finger around each group, and point to each object in each group to show how many there are.
Advances: Listening, Representing
Representation: Access for Perception
. Provide access to connecting cubes. Ask students to identify correspondences between the concrete and visual representation used.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing
Launch
Groups of 2
Write the list of objects (“teams, earrings, pencils, pieces of glass, carrots”) on a display for all students to see.
“Take a minute to read this list. When you are done, discuss the objects you know or have questions about.”
3 minutes: partner discussion
Share a few responses.
“Now we’re going to represent and solve more problems with equal groups. Take a couple of minutes to begin working on the problems before you work in partners.”
2–3 minutes: independent work time
Activity
“Work with your partner to solve each problem.”
5–7 minutes: partner work
Identify students who use different representations like drawings of equal groups or tape diagrams as they solve the problems.
Student Facing
Solve each problem. Show your thinking using diagrams, symbols, or other representations.
There are 4 soccer fields. Two teams are on each field. How many teams are there altogether?
There are 7 windows. Each window has 2 pieces of glass. How many pieces of glass are there in the windows?
Jada has 5 bags. Each bag has 10 earrings. How many earrings does Jada have?
Kiran has 4 boxes. Each box has 5 pencils in it. How many pencils does Kiran have?
Andre has 3 bags of carrots. Each bag has 10 carrots. How many carrots does Andre have?
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students add or subtract instead of multiply to solve the problems, consider asking:
“Tell me about how you solved this problem.”
“How does the problem involve equal groups?”
Activity Synthesis
For each problem, display different representations, one at a time.
“How does this representation help us see what’s happening in the problem?” (You can see there are 4 groups for the fields and 2 dots in each group for the teams. The diagram is split into 5 parts for the 5 bags, and each section has a 10 in it for the number of earrings.)
“How could each representation help us solve the problem?” (Counting the dots. Counting by 10.)
If needed, “What expression could we write to represent this situation?”


correct_option_index: 4