options: Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.

Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.

Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles. For example, arrange three copies of the same triangle so that the sum of the three angles appears to form a line, and give an argument in terms of transversals why this is so.

Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.

Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations:
- Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the same length.
- Angles are taken to angles of the same measure.
- Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines.
problem_activity: Warm-up
The purpose of this warm-up is to remind students that the translation of a line is parallel to the original line, and to plant the seed that a line can be taken to a parallel line by translating it. They inspect several lines to decide which could be translations of a given line. Then they describe the translations by specifying the number of units and the direction the original line should be translated.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 2 minutes of quiet think time and access to geometry toolkits. Ask them to share their responses with a partner afterwards.
Student Facing
[IMG]
The diagram shows several lines. You can only see part of the lines, but they actually continue forever in both directions.
Which lines are images of line
\(f\)
under a translation?
For each line that is a translation of
\(f\)
, draw an arrow on the grid that shows the vertical translation distance.
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may think that lines
\(i\)
and
\(h\)
can’t be images of line
\(f\)
because the part of
\(i\)
and
\(h\)
we can see is shorter than the part of
\(f\)
we can see. Tell these students that all of the lines go on indefinitely in both directions.
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share how they know that lines
\(h\)
and
\(i\)
are translations of
\(f\)
. The main reason to bring out is that they are parallel to
\(f\)
. It might be worth demonstrating with a transparency that we can translate
\(f\)
to match up with
\(h\)
and
\(i\)
, but to match up with the other lines, we would need to rotate (or reflect) the transparency. If using a transparency to demonstrate the number of units to translate
\(f\)
up or down, it is helpful to draw a dot on a specific point on both the underlying graph and on the transparency.


correct_option_index: 4