options: Statistics & Probability: students learn to analyze and produce data distributions, and build understanding of univariate and bivariate data. They learn to interpret data, make statistical inferences, justify conclusions, understand rules of probability, and use probability to make decisions.

Ratios & Proportional Relationships: students learn to recognize, describe, represent, and reason with ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and percent.

Number Systems and Quantity: students learn to understand the complex number system and reason quantitatively.

Modeling: students learn to choose and use appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze real-world empirical situations, improve decisions, and report on their conclusions and the reasoning behind them.

Functions: students learn to define, use, and evaluate functions to model relationships between quantities.

Number & Operations - Fractions: students learn to understand fractions as numbers and may work with them using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Counting & Cardinality: students learn to know number names and the count sequence, count to tell the number of objects, and compare numbers.

Geometry: students learn to classify geometric figures by their properties, and understand and compare the relationships between them. Students develop and use formulas to compute lengths, areas, and volumes, and they use transformations to generate new shapes and compare existing ones. Geometry can be studied with and without coordinates.

Measurement & Data: students learn to work with data and measure attributes such as time, money, length, area, and volume. They may learn to compare measurements to operations and convert between different units of measure.

Operations & Algebra: students learn to solve problems using algebraic thinking and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They may learn to identify and explain arithmetic patterns, evaluate or manipulate numerical expressions, and reason with equations and inequalities.

Number & Operations in Base Ten: students learn to work with the base-ten system and build place value understanding.
problem_activity: Activity
This task is analogous to a previous activity with positive exponents. The number line strongly encourages students to think about how to change expressions so they all take the form
\(b \boldcdot 10^k\)
, where
\(b\)
is between 1 and 10, as in the case of scientific notation. The number line also is a useful representation to show that, for example,
\(29 \boldcdot 10^\text{-7}\)
is about half as much as
\(6 \boldcdot 10^\text{-6}\)
. The last two questions take such a comparison a step further, asking students to estimate relative sizes using numbers expressed with powers of 10.
As students work, look for different strategies they use to compare expressions that are not written as a product of a number and
\(10^{\text-6}\)
. Also look for students who can explain how they estimated in the last two problems. Select them to share their strategies later.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 5 minutes of quiet work time, followed by partner discussion and whole-class discussion. During partner discussion, ask students to share their responses for the first two questions and reach an agreement about where the numbers should be placed on the number line.
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication.
Maintain a display of important terms and vocabulary. During the launch take time to review the visual display of rules for exponents.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Language
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Display sentence frames to support students as they describe how they compared and estimated the difference in magnitude between the pairs of values
\(29⋅10^{\text-7}\)
and
\(6⋅10^{\text-6}\)
or
\(7⋅10^{\text-8}\)
and
\(3⋅10^{\text-9}\)
. For example, “First I ____ , then I ____ .” or “_____ is (bigger/smaller) because ______ .”
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation)
Student Facing
[IMG]
Label the tick marks on the number line.
Plot the following numbers on the number line:
A.
\(6 \boldcdot 10^{\text -6}\)
B.
\(6 \boldcdot 10^{\text -7}\)
C.
\(29 \boldcdot 10^{\text -7}\)
D.
\((0.7) \boldcdot 10^{\text -5}\)
Which is larger,
\(29 \boldcdot 10^{\text -7}\)
or
\(6 \boldcdot 10^{\text -6}\)
? Estimate how many times larger.
Which is larger,
\(7 \boldcdot 10^{\text -8}\)
or
\(3 \boldcdot 10^{\text -9}\)
? Estimate how many times larger.
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may have trouble comparing negative powers of 10. Remind these students that, for example,
\(10^\text{-5}\)
is 5 factors that are
\(\frac{1}{10}\)
and
\(10^\text{-6}\)
is 6 factors that are
\(\frac{1}{10}\)
, so
\(10^\text{-5}\)
is 10 times larger than
\(10^\text{-6}\)
.
Students may also have trouble estimating how many times one larger expression is than another. Offer these students an example to illustrate how representing numbers as a single digit times a power of 10 is useful for making rough estimations. We have that
\(9 \boldcdot 10^\text{-12}\)
is roughly 50 times as much as
\(2 \boldcdot 10^\text{-13}\)
because
\(10^\text{-12}\)
is 10 times as much as
\(10^\text{-13}\)
and 9 is roughly 5 times as much as 2. In other words,
\(\displaystyle \frac{9 \boldcdot 10^\text{-12}}{2 \boldcdot 10^\text{-13}} \approx \frac{10 \boldcdot 10^\text{-12}}{2 \boldcdot 10^\text{-13}} = 5 \boldcdot 10^{\text-12 - (\text-13)} = 5 \boldcdot 10^1 = 50\)
Activity Synthesis
Select previously identified students to explain how they used the number line and powers of 10 to compare the numbers in the last two problems.
One important concept is that it’s always possible to change an expression that is a multiple of a power of 10 so that the leading factor is between 1 and 10. For example, we can think of
\(29 \boldcdot 10^\text{-7}\)
as
\((2.9) \boldcdot 10 \boldcdot 10^\text{-7}\)
or
\((2.9) \boldcdot 10^\text{-6}\)
. Another important concept is that powers of 10 can be used to make rough estimates. Make sure these ideas are uncovered during discussion.


correct_option_index: 9