options: Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables. For example, collect data from students in your class on whether or not they have a curfew on school nights and whether or not they have assigned chores at home. Is there evidence that those who have a curfew also tend to have chores?

Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line.

Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.

Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. For example, in a linear model for a biology experiment, interpret a slope of 1.5 cm/hr as meaning that an additional hour of sunlight each day is associated with an additional 1.5 cm in mature plant height.
problem_activity: Optional activity
Students interpret the slope and intercepts in the context of the situation. They also discuss limitations of the mathematical model.
This activity can be extended by having students investigate if temperature on other continents or across continents fits the same pattern that we found for North America.
Launch
Keep students in same groups of 3–4.
Student Facing
Refer to your equation for the line that models the association between latitude and temperature of the cities.
What does the slope mean in the context of this situation?
Find the vertical and horizontal intercepts and interpret them in the context of the situation.
Can you think of a city or a location that could not be represented using this same model? Explain your thinking.
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may want to say “For every one unit increase in
\(x\)
,
\(y\)
decreases by 1.07 units.” Ask them to use the specific units and quantities in the model, latitude in degrees north and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their responses. Discuss the limitations and uses of the model. Consider asking the following questions:
“What are some limitations of the model?”
“Do limitations mean that the model is not good?” (No, it just means that we have to be aware of when we can use it and when we can’t use it. Our model is pretty good for latitudes between 25 and 65 degrees north, and for locations in North America.)
“What questions do you have about predicting temperature?”
“How could you extend your investigation of predicting temperature or the weather?”
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Break the class into small discussion groups and then invite a representative from each group to report back to the whole class.
Supports accessibility for: Language; Social-emotional skills; Attention


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