few_shots: Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Prove and apply trigonometric identities.
B. Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.
C. Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.
D. Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
E. Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
F. Use functions to model relationships between quantities.
G. Understand the concept of a function and use function notation.
H. Analyze functions using different representations.
I. Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
J. Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.
K. Build new functions from existing functions.
L. Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems.


Your response:
Thought: This problem applies trigonometric identities, including the angle addition formula for cosine.
Answer: A

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
B. Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
C. Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.
D. Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems.
E. Generate and analyze patterns.
F. Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
G. Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
H. Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.
I. Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
J. Understand properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division.
K. Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication.
L. Represent and solve problems involving multiplication and division.
M. Solve problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.
N. Work with radicals and integer exponents.
O. Interpret the structure of expressions.
P. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.
Q. Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
R. Multiply and divide within 100.
S. Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
T. Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
U. Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.
V. Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations.
W. Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
X. Rewrite rational expressions.
Y. Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.
Z. Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
AA. Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
AB. Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations.
AC. Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
AD. Write and interpret numerical expressions.
AE. Add and subtract within 20.
AF. Work with addition and subtraction equations.
AG. Solve systems of equations.
AH. Analyze patterns and relationships.


Your response:
Thought: This task asks students to solve an equation in one variable. Since the problem asks for many different solution methods, students are also encouraged to solve the problem graphically.
Answer: P, U

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Mathematical concept/skill options: 
A. Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
B. Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations.
C. Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
D. Prove geometric theorems.
E. Make geometric constructions.
F. Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
G. Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software.
H. Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
I. Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them.
J. Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section.
K. Reason with shapes and their attributes.
L. Prove theorems involving similarity.
M. Explain volume formulas and use them to solve problems.
N. Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
O. Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
P. Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Q. Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
R. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume.
S. Understand and apply theorems about circles.
T. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
U. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
V. Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on their properties.
W. Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.
X. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
Y. Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Z. Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
AA. Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.


Your response:
Thought: This task asks students to make geometric constructions, such as bisecting an angle.
Answer: E

Now, assign the following problem or activity to one or more relevant mathematical concepts/skills it teaches.
shot_info: fl_problem_001894

HS_0

im_task_000870

HS_1

im_task_001160

HS_2
options: Understand place value.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic. (A range of algorithms may be used.)

Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.

Work with numbers 11–19 to gain foundations for place value.

Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Understand the place value system.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.

Extend the counting sequence.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students use rectangular diagrams and similar reasoning as in earlier activities to represent the multiplication of 2 two-digit numbers. They analyze a progression of diagrams, starting with those that represent multiplication of two-digit and one-digit numbers (18 and 6), a two-digit number and a ten (18 and 10), and then 2 two-digit numbers (18 and 16).
Students may decompose factors in different ways. For example, those who are familiar with multiples of 25 may find it intuitive to decompose
\(25 \times 46\)
as
\(25 \times 40\)
and
\(25 \times 6\)
, rather than decomposing 25 into
\(20 + 5\)
.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Pair gestures with verbal directions to clarify the meaning of any unfamiliar terms such as partial product.
Advances: Listening, Representing
Action and Expression: Develop Expression and Communication.
Give students access to base-ten blocks. If students use the blocks for the last question, ask them to also draw a diagram that represents their work with the blocks.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Visual-Spatial Processing
Launch
Display the three diagrams in the activity.
“What do you notice? What do you wonder?”
1 minute: quiet think time
1 minute: partner discussion
Activity
“Take a few quiet minutes to work on the first problem. Then, share your thinking with your partner.”
3 minutes: independent work time
3 minutes: partner discussion
Invite students to share their responses: “What multiplication expression can be represented by each diagram?”
“Complete the rest of the activity.”
3 minutes: independent or partner work time
Monitor for students who decompose both factors into tens and ones and those who choose to keep one of the factors intact.
Student Facing
For each diagram, write a multiplication expression that the diagram can represent. Then, find the value of the expression. Use equations to show or explain your reasoning.
[IMG]
[IMG]
[IMG]
How are the diagrams alike? How are they different? Discuss with your partner.
Use a diagram to find each product.
\(13 \times 21\)
\(25 \times 46\)
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Select two students to share their diagrams, solutions, and reasoning for the last problem.
“How did you decompose the factors and the diagram?” (I decomposed the 13 into 10 and 3 and the 21 into 20 and 1.)
“What expression could we write to show the partial product represented by each part of the diagram?”
“How do these partial products help us find the value of
\(13 \times 21\)
?” (Adding them gives us the value of
\(13 \times 21\)
:
\(200 + 10 + 3 + 60 = 273\)
)


correct_option_index: 6