options: Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Apply and extend previous understandings of division to divide unit fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by unit fractions. (Students able to multiply fractions in general can develop strategies to divide fractions in general, by reasoning about the relationship between multiplication and division. But division of a fraction by a fraction is not a requirement at this grade.)

Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator (a/b = a ÷ b). Solve word problems involving division of whole numbers leading to answers in the form of fractions or mixed numbers, e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem. For example, interpret 3/4 as the result of dividing 3 by 4, noting that 3/4 multiplied by 4 equals 3, and that when 3 wholes are shared equally among 4 people each person has a share of size 3/4. If 9 people want to share a 50-pound sack of rice equally by weight, how many pounds of rice should each person get? Between what two whole numbers does your answer lie?

Interpret multiplication as scaling (resizing), by:
- Explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than 1 results in a product greater than the given number (recognizing multiplication by whole numbers greater than 1 as a familiar case); explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than 1 results in a product smaller than the given number; and relating the principle of fraction equivalence a/b = (n×a)/(n×b) to the effect of multiplying a/b by 1.
- Comparing the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication.

Solve real world problems involving multiplication of fractions and mixed numbers, e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to apply what they learned in earlier lessons to represent a division situation. During the synthesis, students connect what they know about division to multiplication when they see that the situation of 2 people equally sharing the distance in a 3 mile race can also be described as each person running one-half of the three mile race. Students connect the language they used to describe the situation to multiplication and division expressions. This relationship between multiplication and division is the focus of the next several lessons.
This activity uses
MLR2 Collect and Display.
Advances: Conversing, Reading, Writing.
Launch
Display the image from the student workbook.
“Tell a story about this image to your partner.”
“This image shows two children who are running in a relay race. They are on the same team. They each have to run the same distance. The boy holding the baton is finishing his turn. When he hands the baton to his teammate, his teammate will take her turn.”
Activity
Groups of 2
2 minutes: independent think time
5–8 minutes: partner work time
MLR2 Collect and Display
Circulate, listen for and collect the language students use to describe how to represent the situation and how far each person ran.
Listen for:
3 miles divided into 2 parts
half of 3 miles
one and one half miles
three halves
Record students’ words and phrases on a visual display and update it throughout the lesson.
Student Facing
[IMG]
Lin and Han ran a 3 mile relay race as a team. They each ran the same distance. Draw a diagram to represent the situation.
Take turns describing to your partner how your diagrams represent the situation.
How far did each person run?
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
“These are the words and phrases that you used to describe the situation. Are there any other words or phrases that are important to include on our display?”
As students share responses, update the display, by adding (or replacing) language, diagrams, or annotations.
Display:
\(3 \div 2\)
,
\(1\frac{1}{2}\)
,
\(\frac{3}{2}\)
, and
\(3\times \frac{1}{2}\)
“How does each of these expressions represent the situation?” (3 miles was divided into 2 equal parts, each person ran
\(1\frac{1}{2}\)
miles or
\(\frac{3}{2}\)
miles which can be thought of as
\(3\times \frac{1}{2}\)
.
Consider giving students time to record their answers in their journal.
Display: “one half of 3 miles”
“This is another way to describe how far each person ran.”
Display:
\(\frac{1}{2}\times3\)
“We can also use this multiplication expression to represent one-half of 3.”
“In the next activity, you will describe how different diagrams represent each of these expressions.”


correct_option_index: 2