few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Concept/skill: 
Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Concept/skill: 
Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions.

Answer: 
No. Completing neither of these problems requires replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other equation.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity is 'aligned' with the given Common Core standard in Mathematics.

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_pos_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_neg_0

8
standard_description: Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems in situations involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to transition from reasoning about division concretely or visually (using base-ten diagrams) to doing so more abstractly (by writing equations). It also reinforces the connections between multiplication and division.
Students make sense of three different strategies of dividing 78 by 3 and attend to the connections between the visual and numerical representations of the same quotient. As they do so, they practice reasoning quantitatively and abstractly (MP2).
During the synthesis, discuss how place value units play a role in all three strategies.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis: Display Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s strategies. As students share their observations, annotate the display to illustrate connections. For example, annotate where students see the divisor, dividend, and quotient on each diagram.
Advances: Listening, Representing
Launch
Groups of 2
“Take a couple minutes to make sense of Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s work.”
2 minutes: quiet think time
Activity
“Work with your partner to make sense of Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s work and to complete the activity.”
7–8 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who:
make connections between the equations and the base-ten diagram
recognize how Tyler’s equations and reasoning are different from Priya’s equations
Identify students who can explain these connections or distinctions to share during the synthesis.
Student Facing
Lin, Priya, and Tyler found the value of
\(78 \div 3\)
. Their work is shown. Make sense of each student’s work.
Lin
[IMG]
Priya
\(\begin{align} 3\times 10&= 30\\ 3\times 10&= 30\\ 3\times \phantom{0}6 &= 18 \\ \overline {\hspace{5mm}3 \times 26} &\overline {\hspace{1mm}=78 \phantom{000}} \end{align}\)
Tyler
\(\begin{align} 3\times 20&= 60\\ 3\times \phantom{0}6 &= 18 \\ \\20 + 6 &= 26 \end{align}\)
How are the three students’ work alike?
How are they different?
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share how Lin, Priya, and Tyler’s work are alike and how they are different.
Select previously identified students to share additional connections that they noticed.
“Why does it make sense that Priya and Tyler wrote multiplication equations to find the value of a quotient?” (Multiplication and division can represent the same equal-groups situation. To divide 78 by 3 is to find how many are in each of 3 groups or how many groups of 3 there are. We can multiply up to 78 to find the answer.)
Consider asking: “What new ideas about dividing numbers did you learn and would like to try? Talk to a new partner about why you’d like to try them.”


aligns: no