few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity is 'aligned' with the given Common Core standard in Mathematics.

shot_info: im_task_001477_neg_0

K

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001894_neg_0

HS_0
standard_description: Approximate the probability of a chance event by collecting data on the chance process that produces it and observing its long-run relative frequency, and predict the approximate relative frequency given the probability. For example, when rolling a number cube 600 times, predict that a 3 or 6 would be rolled roughly 200 times, but probably not exactly 200 times.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students have the opportunity to design their own simulations that could be used to estimate probabilities of real-life events (MP4).  Students attend to precision (MP6) by assigning each possible outcome for the real-life experiment to a corresponding outcome in their simulation in such a way that the pair of outcomes have the same probability. In the discussion following the activity, students are asked to articulate how these simulations could be used to estimate probabilities of certain events.
Launch
Keep students in groups of 3. Give students 5 minutes quiet work time to design their own experiments, followed by small-group discussion to compare answers for the situations and whole-class discussion.
As students work, monitor for students who are using the same chance events for multiple scenarios (for example, always using a spinner) and encourage them to think about other ways to simulate the event.
Engagement: Provide Access by Recruiting Interest.
Leverage choice around perceived challenge. Invite students to select 2–3 of the situations to complete.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention; Social-emotional skills
Student Facing
For each situation, describe a chance experiment that would fairly represent it.
Six people are going out to lunch together. One of them will be selected at random to choose which restaurant to go to. Who gets to choose?
After a robot stands up, it is equally likely to step forward with its left foot or its right foot. Which foot will it use for its first step?
In a computer game, there are three tunnels. Each time the level loads, the computer randomly selects one of the tunnels to lead to the castle. Which tunnel is it?
Your school is taking 4 buses of students on a field trip. Will you be assigned to the same bus that your math teacher is riding on?
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may think that the number of outcomes in the sample space must be the same in the simulation as in the real-life situation. Ask students how we could use the results from the roll of a standard number cube to represent a situation with only two equally likely outcomes. (By making use of some extra options to count as "roll again.")
Activity Synthesis
The purpose of this discussion is for students to think more deeply about the connections between the real-life experiment and the simulation.
Select partners to share the simulations they designed for each of the situations.
Some questions for discussion:
"How could a standard number cube be used to simulate the situation with the buses?" (Each bus is assigned a number 1 through 4. If the cube ends on 5 or 6, roll again.)
"If one of the buses was numbered with your math teacher's favorite number and you wanted to increase the probability of that bus being selected, how could you change the simulation to do this?" (Add more of the related outcome. For example, using the standard number cube as in the previous discussion question, the bus with the favorite number could be assigned numbers 4 and 5 while the other buses are still 1 through 3.)
Two of the tunnels in the video game lead to a swamp that ends the game. How could you use your simulation to estimate the probability of choosing one of those two tunnels? (Since all of the tunnels are equally likely to lead to the swamp, it can be assumed that "left" and "right" lead to the swamp. Spin the spinner many times and use the fraction of times it ends on "left" or "right" to estimate the probability of ending the game. It should happen
\(\frac{2}{3}\)
or about 67% of the time.)
"You and a friend are among the people going to lunch. How could you use the simulation you designed to estimate the probability that you or your friend will be the one to choose the restaurant?" (My friend and I will be represented by 1 and 2 on a number cube. Roll the number cube a lot of times and find the fraction of times 1 or 2 appear, then estimate the probability that we will be the ones selected.)
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Use this routine to support whole-class discussion. After students share the simulations they designed, display the following sentence frames to help students respond: "I agree because ….” or "I disagree because ….” Encourage students to use mathematical language to support their response. This will support rich and inclusive discussion about how to simulate a real-world situation using a simple experiment that reflects the probability of the actual event.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making, Cultivate conversation


aligns: yes