few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Answer: 
No. Usually problems that teach recognizing and representing proportional relationships between quantities involve deciding whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship or identifying the constant of proportionality, and then representing proportional relationships by equations or explaining proportional relationship using coordinate graphs.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"align": "center", "class": ["table", "table-bordered"], "style": "table-layout:fixed; width:70%"}, "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "No solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Exactly 1 solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Infinite number of solutions"}]}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9=4x+7}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y=3y+5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y={x\\over2}}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${3x+6y-9=0}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${x=y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${1.25x=1.25y}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9.9=6x+8y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=1.5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=2.5}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {}]}]}]}]}
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Answer: 
No. Completing neither of these problems requires replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other equation.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity is 'aligned' with the given Common Core standard in Mathematics.

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_neg_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_neg_0

8
standard_description: Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.
problem_activity: Problem 1
A ball is thrown straight up from the top of a
$${48}$$
-foot tall building with an initial speed of
$${32}$$
feet per second. The height of the ball as a function of time can be modeled by the function
$$h(t)=-16t^2+{32}t+{48}$$
. Below is a graph and table of the function.
[IMG]
a. What are the solutions to this function? Interpret each solution in context of the situation.
b. What is the vertex of this function? Interpret the vertex in context of the situation.
Problem 2
The table below represents the value of Andrew’s stock portfolio, where
$$V$$
represents the value of the portfolio in hundreds of dollars and
$$t$$
is the time in months since he started investing. Answer the questions that follow based on the table of values.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"align": "Center", "class": ["table", "table-bordered"], "style": "width:40%"}, "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$$t$$"}], "_value": "(months)"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$$V(t)$$"}], "_value": "(hundreds of dollars)"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "2"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "325"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "4"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "385"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "6"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "405"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "8"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "385"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "10"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "325"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "12"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "225"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "14"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "85"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "16"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "-95"}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "18"}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "_value": "-315"}]}]}]}]}
Assuming this data is quadratic, how much did Andrew invest in his stock initially? Explain how you arrived at this answer.
What is the maximum value of his stock and how long did it take to reach the maximum value?
After approximately how many months is Andrew’s stock portfolio valued at $0?
How fast is Andrew’s stock value decreasing between months 10 and 12? Find a two-month interval where the average rate of change is faster than it is between months 10 and 12 and explain why.
Problem 3
John is building a small rectangular pen for chickens. He wants the length to be 6 more feet than twice the width.
If the area of the pen is 36 square feet, what are the dimensions of the pen in feet?


aligns: no