few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line).

Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Answer: 
No. This task does not involve an equation in two variables. There is only one variable, x.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the circle.

Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Answer: 
No. This task does not involve drawing lines that are tangent to circles. The only line that may be drawn is the ray between points P and B.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity is 'aligned' with the given Common Core standard in Mathematics.

shot_info: fl_problem_001894_pos_0

HS_0

im_task_000870_neg_0

HS_1

im_task_001160_neg_0

HS_2
standard_description: Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers.
problem_activity: Activity
The purpose of this activity is to introduce the idea that sums of complex numbers can be rewritten as a single complex number in the form
\(a+bi\)
, where
\(a\)
and
\(b\)
are real numbers. In previous lessons, students have used the complex plane to visualize complex numbers, and now they continue that work using the complex plane to visualize why the sum of two complex numbers is another complex number.
Launch
Display the image from the task statement for all to see.
Ask students to think of at least one thing they notice and at least one thing they wonder. Give students 1 minute of quiet think time, and then 1 minute to discuss the things they notice with their partner, followed by a brief whole-class discussion. Ask students to share the things they noticed and wondered. Record and display their responses for all to see. If possible, record the relevant reasoning on or near the image.
Arrange students in groups of 2 and give them a few minutes of work time for the activity, encouraging students to discuss each problem and, if there is disagreement, to work to reach agreement. Follow up with a whole-class discussion.
Conversing, Writing: MLR5 Co-Craft Questions.
Use this routine to spark students’ curiosity about the sums of complex numbers. Display only the image and ask students to write down possible mathematical questions that could be asked about the situation. Invite students to compare their questions before revealing the activity’s questions. Listen for and amplify any questions involving how parts of the expression are represented on the diagram. This will help students create the language of mathematical questions before feeling pressure to produce solutions.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness; Support sense-making
Student Facing
This diagram represents
\((2 + 3i) + (\text- 8 - 8i)\)
.
[IMG]
How do you see
\(2 + 3i\)
represented?
How do you see
\(\text- 8 - 8i\)
represented?
What complex number does
\(A\)
represent?
Add “like terms” in the expression
\((2 + 3i) + (\text- 8 - 8i)\)
. What do you get?
Write these sums and differences in the form
\(a+bi\)
, where
\(a\)
and
\(b\)
are real numbers.
\((\text- 3 + 2i) + (4 - 5i)\)
(Check your work by drawing a diagram.)
\((\text- 37 - 45i) + (11 + 81i)\)
\((\text- 3 + 2i) - (4 - 5i)\)
\((\text- 37 - 45i) - (11 + 81i)\)
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Select students to share their arithmetic results and connect them to arrows in the complex plane. It is important to discuss that doing operations with complex numbers results in another complex number. In order to see this, it is helpful to write the result in the form
\(a+bi\)
, where
\(a\)
and
\(b\)
are real numbers. When a complex number is written this way,
\(a\)
is called the
real part
of the number, and
\(bi\)
is called the
imaginary part
.
If time allows, ask students, “Is
\((2 + 3i) + (\text- 8 - 8i)\)
the same as
\((\text- 8 - 8i) + (2 + 3i)\)
?” (Yes. The diagrams will look different, but, for example, going right 2 then left 8 is the same as going left 8 and right 2.)
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color-coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. For example, highlight connects between representations by showing the expressions
\(2 + 3i\)
and using one color to connect it to the arrows in the complex plane. Use a second color to highlight the connection between the expression
\(\text-8 - 8i\)
and the arrows in the complex plane.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing


aligns: no