few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Answer: 
No. Usually problems that teach recognizing and representing proportional relationships between quantities involve deciding whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship or identifying the constant of proportionality, and then representing proportional relationships by equations or explaining proportional relationship using coordinate graphs.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"align": "center", "class": ["table", "table-bordered"], "style": "table-layout:fixed; width:70%"}, "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "No solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Exactly 1 solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Infinite number of solutions"}]}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9=4x+7}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y=3y+5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y={x\\over2}}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${3x+6y-9=0}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${x=y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${1.25x=1.25y}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9.9=6x+8y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=1.5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=2.5}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {}]}]}]}]}
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Answer: 
No. Completing neither of these problems requires replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other equation.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity is 'aligned' with the given Common Core standard in Mathematics.

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_neg_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_neg_0

8
standard_description: Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. For example, estimate the population of the United States as 3 × 108 and the population of the world as 7 × 109, and determine that the world population is more than 20 times larger.
problem_activity: Optional activity
In this activity, students solve a variety of systems of equations, some involving fractions, some involving substitution, and some involving inspection. This gives students a chance to practice using the methods they have learned in this section for solving systems of equations to solidify that learning. Some of the systems listed are ones students could have used in an earlier activity in this lesson, to describe the situations there. In the discussion, students compare the systems here to the ones they wrote in that activity and interpret the answer in that context.
Launch
Keep students in groups of 2. Allow students 5–7 minutes of partner work time followed by a whole-class discussion.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension
. Activate or supply background knowledge. Allow students to use calculators to ensure inclusive participation in the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Conceptual processing
Student Facing
Here are a lot of systems of equations:
\(\begin{cases} y=\text-2x+6 \\ y=x-3 \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} y=5x-4 \\ y=4x+12 \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} y=\frac23x-4 \\ y=\text-\frac43x+9 \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} 4y + 7x = 6 \\ 4y+7x = \text-5 \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} y=x - 6\\ x=6 + y \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} y=0.24x\\ y=0.18x+0.9 \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} y=4.5x+15 \\ y=5x+12.5 \end{cases}\)
\(\begin{cases} y=3x \\ x+y=52 \end{cases}\)
Without solving, identify 3 systems that you think would be the least difficult for you to solve and 3 systems you think would be the most difficult. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
Choose 4 systems to solve. At least one should be from your "least difficult" list and one should be from your "most difficult" list.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
There are two key takeaways from this discussion. The first is to reinforce that some systems can be solved by reasoning whether its possible for a solution to one equation to also be a solution to another. The second takeaway is that there are some systems that students will only be able to solve after learning techniques in future grades.
For each problem, ask students to indicate if they identified the system as least or most difficult. Record the responses for all to see.
Bring students' attention to this system:
\(\begin{cases} 4y + 7x = 6 \\ 4y+7x = \text-5 \end{cases}\)
Ask students what the two equations in the system have in common to each other and to think about whether a solution to the first equation could also be a solution to the second. One can reason there is no solution because
\(4y+7x\)
cannot be equal to both 6 and -5.
Ask students to return to the earlier activity and see if they can find any of those systems in these problems. (Lin's family ride is the sixth system. Noah's kayaking trip is the seventh system. Diego's baking is the eighth system.) After students notice the connection, invite students who chose those systems to solve to interpret the numerical solutions in the contexts from the earlier activity.
Students may be tempted to develop the false impression that all systems where both equations are given as linear combinations can be solved by inspection. Conclude the discussion by displaying this system that students defined in the last activity about sugar and flour:
\(\begin{cases} 0.8x+0.5y = 9 \\ x+y = 15 \end{cases}\)
Tell students that this system has one solution and they will learn more sophisticated techniques for solving systems of equations like this in future grades.
Speaking, Listening, Conversing: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Before the whole-class discussion, use this routine to give students an opportunity to discuss their reasons for labeling systems of equations as “least difficult” or “most difficult.” Provide the following sentence frame: “_____ is the least/most difficult to solve because _____.” Encourage listeners to press for detail by asking questions such as “What would make that problem easier to solve?”; “What do your least/most difficult problems have in common?” This will help students make connections between the structures of given systems of equations, and possible strategies they can use to solve them.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Maximize meta-awareness


aligns: no