few_shots: 
Example:
Concept/skill: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity is 'aligned' with the given Common Core standard in Mathematics.

shot_info: fl_problem_001894_pos_0

HS_0
standard_description: Draw (freehand, with ruler and protractor, and with technology) geometric shapes with given conditions. Focus on constructing triangles from three measures of angles or sides, noticing when the conditions determine a unique triangle, more than one triangle, or no triangle.
problem_activity: Activity
In this task, students use the constant of proportionality they estimated in the previous task to calculate circumferences of circles given the diameter and vice versa. The purpose is to reinforce the proportional relationship between circumference
\(c\)
and diameter
\(d\)
and use the formula
\(c=kd\)
, where
\(k\)
is about 3 or 3.1 (the value agreed upon in the previous task).
If there is not sufficient time to allow students to work through all of the calculations, consider dividing up the work, assigning one circle to each student or group of students. It is important to save enough time for the discussion about the meaning and value of
\(\pi\)
at the end of this activity.
Before students begin the task, a digital applet found at
http://ggbm.at/H8UuD96V
can be used to reinforce the constant of proportionality.
Launch
Ask students to label these measurements given in the table on the picture of the circles. Instruct students to use the constant of proportionality the class estimated in the previous activity. Give students quiet work time followed by whole-class discussion.
Student Facing
Here are five circles. One measurement for each circle is given in the table.
[IMG]
Use the constant of proportionality estimated in the previous activity to complete the table.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"border": "1"}, "thead": [{"tr": [{"th": [{"_attributes": {"scope": "col"}}, {"_attributes": {"scope": "col"}, "_value": "diameter (cm)"}, {"_attributes": {"scope": "col"}, "_value": "circumference (cm)"}]}]}], "tbody": [{"tr": [{"th": [{"_value": "circle A"}], "td": [{"_value": "3"}, {}]}, {"th": [{"_value": "circle B"}], "td": [{"_value": "10"}, {}]}, {"th": [{"_value": "circle C"}], "td": [{}, {"_value": "24"}]}, {"th": [{"_value": "circle D"}], "td": [{}, {"_value": "18"}]}, {"th": [{"_value": "circle E"}], "td": [{"_value": "1"}, {}]}]}]}]}
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
The circumference of Earth is approximately 40,000 km. If you made a circle of wire around the globe, that is only 10 meters (0.01 km) longer than the circumference of the globe, could a flea, a mouse, or even a person creep under it?
Student Response
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click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may multiply the circumference by the constant of proportionality instead of dividing by it. Prompt them to consider whether the diameter can be longer than the circumference of a circle.
Some students may struggle to divide by 3.1 if that is the constant of proportionality decided on in the previous lesson. Ask these students if they could use an easier number as their constant, and allow them to divide by 3 instead. Then ask them how their answer would have changed if they divided by 3.1.
Activity Synthesis
Display the table from the task statement for all to see. Ask students to share their answers and write these in the table, resolving any discrepancies.
Ask students if they noticed any connections between the tables and the graphs from the previous activity. Students will have used the equation
\(C=kd\)
, possibly without realizing it, to fill in the missing information so it is important for them to make this connection. To reinforce this connection, add the points from the table they just completed to the graph from the previous activity. Point out that the constant of proportionality appears in the table as the unit rate in the row with diameter 1 cm.
Ask if students have heard of the number
pi
or seen the symbol
\(\pi\)
. Define
\(\pi\)
as the exact value of the constant of proportionality for this relationship. Explain that the exact value of
\(\pi\)
is a decimal with infinitely many digits and no repeating pattern, so an approximation is often used. Frequently used approximations for
\(\pi\)
include
\(\frac{22} 7\)
, 3.14, and 3.14159, but none of these are exactly equal to
\(\pi\)
.


aligns: no