few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Answer: 
No. Completing this task does not involve representing fractions on a number line diagram.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Answer: 
Yes. This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

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im_task_000157_neg_0

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standard_description: Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 × ? = 48, 5 = �� ÷ 3, 6 × 6 = ?.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to build arrays with physical objects and describe the arrays in terms of multiplication. Students focus on where equal groups can be seen in arrays. Students will write expressions and equations to represent arrays in future lessons. In the activity, students are asked to create different arrays with 24 cubes. It is not an expectation of grade 3 for students to find all the arrays for a given number.
When students notice that the rows or columns in an array have the same number of objects and relate this to equal groups, they look for and make use of structure (MP7).
Keep connecting cubes out for the cool-down.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Synthesis:
Create a visual display of the various arrays created by the students. As students discuss each array, annotate the display with the language used, such as “array”, “rows”, “columns”, and “equal groups”.
Advances: Speaking, Representing
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Synthesis: Invite students to identify what is important or most useful to pay attention to. Display the sentence frame, “The next time I arrange objects in an array, I will remember to . . . .“
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Visual-Spatial Processing, Memory
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Connecting cubes
Required Preparation
Each group of 2 needs 60 cubes.
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each group of 2 students at least 60 connecting cubes.
Activity
7–10 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who relate the same number of objects in each row and column in an array to how multiplication expresses equal groups of objects.
Student Facing
Use cubes to make 6 groups of 5.
Arrange them into an array.
Explain or show how the array is related to equal groups.
Count out 20 cubes.
Arrange them into as many arrays as you can.
Explain or show how each array is related to equal groups.
Count out 24 cubes.
Arrange them into as many arrays as you can.
Explain or show how each array is related to equal groups.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Have students share different arrays they made for the last problem.
“Why were you able to create different arrays with 24 objects?” (There are many ways to put 24 things into equal groups.)


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