few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Answer: 
No. Completing this task does not involve representing fractions on a number line diagram.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Answer: 
No. This set of problems does not directly involve adding or subtracting multi-digit whole numbers. Instead, it focuses on multiplying multi-digit whole numbers.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_001477_neg_0

K

im_task_000157_neg_0

3

fl_problem_000674_neg_0

5
standard_description: Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process, e.g., using simulation. For example, a model says a spinning coin falls heads up with probability 0.5. Would a result of 5 tails in a row cause you to question the model?
problem_activity: Task
Many researchers have studied chimpanzees to learn about their problem solving skills. In 1978, researchers Premack and Woodruff published an article in Science magazine, reporting findings from a study on an adult chimpanzee named Sarah, who had been raised in captivity and had received extensive training using photos and symbols. In one experiment, Sarah was shown videotapes of eight different situations in which a human being was faced with a problem. After each videotape showing, Sarah was presented with two photographs, one of which depicted a possible solution to the problem. The researchers ensured that the order in which the photographs were presented was randomized (for example, the correct answer was not always presented first, etc.) and that the photographs had similar visuals (for example. similar colors, etc.) Of the eight problems, Sarah picked the photograph with the correct solution seven times. Could Sarah have been merely guessing and just lucky with her responses, or is there evidence that Sarah does better than just guessing?
Give two possible explanations for why Sarah might have answered seven out of eight correctly.
If Sarah were just guessing, and was just likely to pick one photograph compared to the other, how many would you expect her to get right out of eight problems?
Give an example of how you could use basic classroom tools (coins, dice, calculators, cards, etc.) to simulate one trial of Sarah “just guessing” to pick a photograph for one problem.
A student, James, decides to use simulation to investigate whether the study data provide evidence that Sarah was doing better than just randomly guessing, and so James tosses a coin eight times, and obtains six heads. Explain why James should repeat the process of tossing the coin eight times and recording the number of heads, many times.
James repeats the process of eight coin-tosses 100 times, each time recording the number of heads on the eight coin-tosses. The following is a dotplot of his results.
[IMG]
Based on the above dotplot, what was the most common result for “number of heads” in eight coin-tosses? Why does this make sense?
Based on this dotplot, would you say that a score of 7 out of 8 would be unusual if Sarah has just been guessing? Why or why not?
Which of the following is a possible explanation for Sarah’s performance?
Sarah had been just guessing and got lucky with her responses.
Sarah does better than just guessing.
Both (i) and (ii) are possible explanations.
Based on the simulation results, which of the following appears to be a plausible (likely) explanation for Sarah’s performance?
Sarah had been just guessing and got lucky with her responses.
Sarah does better than just guessing.
Both (i) and (ii) are possible explanations.
Based on the results of this study, would it be reasonable to say that all chimpanzees do better than just guessing when faced with the kind of problems posed to Sarah? Explain why or why not.


aligns: yes