few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Answer: 
Yes. By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Answer: 
Yes. This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

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standard_description: Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to learn about
prime numbers
and
composite numbers
. Students are given a set of cards with rectangles on them. They sort the rectangles by area and then attempt to draw an additional rectangle for each category. They notice that some areas can be represented by more than one rectangle and some areas can only be represented by one rectangle.
During the synthesis, highlight that the side lengths of each rectangle represent one factor pair (each pair of side lengths should be used only once), and that the area of each rectangle represents a multiple of each side length. Students learn that a number with only one factor pair—1 and the number itself—is a prime number, and a number with more than one factor pair is a composite number.
Here is an image of the cards for reference.
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MLR8 Discussion Supports
. Invite students to take turns selecting a rectangle, and explaining how they should sort it to their partner. Display the following sentence frames: “This rectangle belongs with _____ , because . . .” Encourage students to challenge each other when they disagree.
Advances: Conversing, Representing
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Chunk this task into manageable parts to support organizational skills in problem solving. Some students may benefit from explicit guidance for how to begin. For example, before sorting, students can find the area of each rectangle.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Visual-Spatial Processing, Organization
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Grid paper
Inch tiles
Materials to Copy
Card Sort: Area
Required Preparation
Create a set of cards from the blackline master for each group of 2.
Launch
Groups of 2
Give each group a set of cards from the blackline master.
“Sort the cards into categories in any way that makes sense to you.”
2 minutes: partner work time
Ask students to share ways in which they sorted.
Activity
“If you did not already, sort the rectangles by their area.”
3–5 minutes: partner work time
Ask students to check their work with another group to make sure the cards in each category match.
“Now, create at least one rectangle to add to each category in your card sort.”
3–5 minutes: partner work time
Observe the rectangles students add to each category. Monitor for students who notice that no new rectangles could be drawn for the area of 7 square units.
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you a set of cards to sort.
Sort the cards by area. Record your sorting results. Be prepared to explain your choices.
For each group of sorted cards, think of at least one more rectangle. Name its length and width. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
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Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Select 2–3 students to share the rectangles they added to each category.
“Why were you able to create more rectangles for some areas and not others?” (Some of the numbers had more factor pairs. For some numbers, there was only one possible factor pair.)
Revoice student reasoning. “Only one rectangle can be made for the area of 7. Numbers like this are called
prime numbers
. Prime numbers have only one factor pair: 1 and itself.”
“Numbers like 15 that have more than one factor pair are called
composite numbers
.”
“What other composite numbers did you work with? How do you know they are composite?” (Twenty-four is a composite number because I can make 2 rows of 12 or 4 rows of 6. Eighteen is composite because it has factor pairs of 2 and 9 and 3 and 6.)


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