few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Answer: 
No. Completing this task does not involve representing fractions on a number line diagram.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to whole numbers less than or equal to 1,000,000.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Answer: 
No. This set of problems does not directly involve adding or subtracting multi-digit whole numbers. Instead, it focuses on multiplying multi-digit whole numbers.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

im_task_000157_neg_0

3

fl_problem_000674_neg_0

5
standard_description: Analyze and compare two- and three-dimensional shapes, in different sizes and orientations, using informal language to describe their similarities, differences, parts (e.g., number of sides and vertices/“corners”) and other attributes (e.g., having sides of equal length).
problem_activity: Optional activity
The purpose of this task is for students to write a recursive definition for a sequence that represents a mathematical context and to create other representations of the sequence.
Monitor for groups who create their recursive definitions in different ways to share during the whole-class discussion. For example, some students may first create a table showing step number and the associated values while others may draw additional steps.
Allow students to use graph paper to sketch their graphs if needed. Making graphing technology available gives students an opportunity to choose appropriate tools strategically (MP5).
Launch
Display the image for all to see. Ask students to think of at least one thing they notice and at least one thing they wonder. Give students 1 minute of quiet think time, and then ask students to share the things they noticed and wondered. Record and display their responses for all to see. If possible, record the relevant reasoning on or near the image. After all responses have been recorded without commentary or editing, ask students, “Is there anything on this list that you are wondering about now?” Encourage students to respectfully disagree, ask for clarification, or point out contradicting information.
If not brought up by students, ask “How would you describe the total number of small squares in Step 3 compared to the total number of small squares in Step 2?” (There are 9, or
\(3^2\)
, more squares in Step 4 than in Step 3.)
Arrange students in groups of 2. Encourage them to check in with their partner frequently as they work through the task.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Provide students with grid or graph paper to organize their work with representations of geometric and arithmetic sequences.
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Student Facing
Here is a pattern where the number of small squares increases with each new step.
[IMG]
Write a recursive definition for the total number of small squares
\(S(n)\)
in Step
\(n\)
.
Sketch a graph of
\(S\)
that shows Steps 1 to 7.
Is this sequence geometric, arithmetic, or neither? Be prepared to explain how you know.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Start with a circle. If you make 1 cut, you have 2 pieces. If you make 2 cuts, you can have a maximum of 4 pieces. If you make 3 cuts, you can have a
maximum
of 7 pieces.
Draw a picture to show how 3 cuts can give 7 pieces.
Find the maximum number of pieces you can get from 4 cuts.
From 5 cuts.
Can you find a function that gives the maximum number of pieces from
\(n\)
cuts?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may not be sure where to begin with the graph since no axes are provided in the task statement. Encourage these students to first figure out what values they need to plot before drawing, scaling, and labeling their axes.
Activity Synthesis
The goal of this discussion is for students to share how they reasoned about a recursive definition for
\(S\)
and how they created their graph for Steps 1 to 7. Invite previously identified groups to share how they created their definitions, making sure to display for all to see any additional representations they used to help their thinking. After these students have shared, ask "Did anyone use a different strategy for writing their definition?" and invite any new students to share their thinking.
Conclude the discussion by reviewing graphing strategies. Select 2–4 students to share how they created their sketch of
\(S\)
. In particular, focus on how the scale on each axis was chosen.


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