few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Answer: 
No. Completing this task does not involve representing fractions on a number line diagram.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Answer: 
Yes. This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_001477_neg_0

K

im_task_000157_neg_0

3

fl_problem_000674_pos_0

5
standard_description: Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation. For example, in a problem involving motion at constant speed, list and graph ordered pairs of distances and times, and write the equation d = 65t to represent the relationship between distance and time.
problem_activity: Activity
The purpose of this task is to understand that there are natural mathematical questions about certain contexts for which there are no answers if we restrict ourselves to positive numbers. The idea is to motivate the need for negative numbers and to see that there is a natural representation of them on the number line. This task is not about operations with signed numbers, but rather why we extend our number system beyond positive numbers. Students reason abstractly and quantitatively when they represent the change in temperature on a number line (MP2).
Digital
Launch
Display this image for all to see.
[IMG]
Tell students, “The thermometer showed a temperature of 7 degrees Celsius one morning. Later, the temperature increased 4 degrees. We can represent this change in temperature using a number line, as shown in the picture.”
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 2 minutes of quiet work time for question 1. Give students 2 minutes to compare their responses to their partners and to work on question 2.
Students using the digital version of the curriculum can explore the changes in temperature with the dynamic applet.
Reading: MLR6 Three Reads.
Use this routine to support students’ comprehension of the temperature changes for the first situation. In the first read, students read the situation with the goal of comprehending the text (e.g., the thermometer was at a certain temperature earlier in the day and then changed later in the day). Delay asking “What was the temperature late in the afternoon?”. In the second read, ask students to analyze the text to understand the quantities (e.g., at noon, the temperature was 7 degrees Celsius; it increases 6 degrees by late afternoon). In the third read, direct students’ attention to the question and ask students to brainstorm possible mathematical solution strategies to answer the question.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making
Student Facing
1.  Here are three situations involving changes in temperature. Represent each change on the applet, and draw it on a number line. Then, answer the question.
At noon, the temperature was 5 degrees Celsius. By late afternoon, it has risen 6 degrees Celsius. What was the temperature late in the afternoon?
The temperature was 8 degrees Celsius at midnight. By dawn, it has dropped 12 degrees Celsius. What was the temperature at dawn?
Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, but the freezing temperature can be lowered by adding salt to the water. A student discovered that adding half a cup of salt to a gallon of water lowers its freezing temperature by 7 degrees Celsius. What is the freezing temperature of the gallon of salt water?
2.  Discuss with a partner:
How did you name the resulting temperature in each situation? Did both of you refer to each resulting temperature by the same name or different names?
What does it mean when the resulting temperature is above 0 on the number line? What does it mean when a temperature is below 0?
Do numbers below 0 make sense outside of the context of temperature? If you think so, give some examples to show how they make sense. If you don’t think so, give some examples to show otherwise.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Display this image for all to see.
[IMG]
Tell students, “The thermometer showed a temperature of 7 degrees Celsius one morning. Later, the temperature increased 4 degrees. We can represent this change in temperature using a number line, as shown in the picture.”
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 2 minutes of quiet work time for question 1. Give students 2 minutes to compare their responses to their partners and to work on question 2.
Students using the digital version of the curriculum can explore the changes in temperature with the dynamic applet.
Reading: MLR6 Three Reads.
Use this routine to support students’ comprehension of the temperature changes for the first situation. In the first read, students read the situation with the goal of comprehending the text (e.g., the thermometer was at a certain temperature earlier in the day and then changed later in the day). Delay asking “What was the temperature late in the afternoon?”. In the second read, ask students to analyze the text to understand the quantities (e.g., at noon, the temperature was 7 degrees Celsius; it increases 6 degrees by late afternoon). In the third read, direct students’ attention to the question and ask students to brainstorm possible mathematical solution strategies to answer the question.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making
Student Facing
Here are three situations involving changes in temperature and three number lines. Represent each change on a number line. Then, answer the question.
At noon, the temperature was 5 degrees Celsius. By late afternoon, it has risen 6 degrees Celsius. What was the temperature late in the afternoon?
The temperature was 8 degrees Celsius at midnight. By dawn, it has dropped 12 degrees Celsius. What was the temperature at dawn?
Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, but the freezing temperature can be lowered by adding salt to the water. A student discovered that adding half a cup of salt to a gallon of water lowers its freezing temperature by 7 degrees Celsius. What is the freezing temperature of the gallon of salt water?
[IMG]
Discuss with a partner:
How did each of you name the resulting temperature in each situation?
What does it mean when the temperature is above 0? Below 0?
Do numbers less than 0 make sense in other contexts? Give some specific examples to show how they do or do not make sense.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Some students may have difficulty representing change on the number line. Students sometimes count tick marks rather than counting the space between tick marks when working on a number line. For example, in the original problem image, the arrow on the number line represents a change of 4 degrees. Some students may begin at tick mark 7 and count the tick marks to yield a temperature change of 5 degrees. When reviewing that task with the whole class, be sure to make this important point and demonstrate counting on a number line by highlighting the space between the tick marks while counting out loud.
Activity Synthesis
Some students will use the phrase “degrees below zero.” Use this activity to introduce the term
negative
as a way to represent a quantity less than zero. In contrast, ask students how they would describe a quantity that is greater than zero on the number line. Some students will have a pre-existing understanding of positive and negative numbers. Discuss the use of + and - as symbols to denote positive and negative numbers. Notation will be important throughout the rest of this unit. Students should understand that +7 and 7 both represent positive 7. Negative 7 is represented as -7.
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Create a display of important terms and vocabulary. Invite students to suggest language or diagrams to include that will support their understanding of: negative.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Language; Memory


aligns: no