few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.

Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Answer: 
Yes. This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Answer: 
Yes. The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_pos_0

6

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001392_pos_0

8
standard_description: Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas and other quantities measured in like or different units. For example, if a person walks 1/2 mile in each 1/4 hour, compute the unit rate as the complex fraction 1/2/1/4 miles per hour, equivalently 2 miles per hour.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students find the missing dimensions of cylinders when given the volume and the other dimension. A volume equation representing the cylinder is given for each problem.
Identify students who use these strategies: guess and check, divide each side of the equation by the same value to solve for missing variable, or use the structure of the volume equation to reason about the missing variable
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give students 2–3 minutes of quiet work time followed by time to share their explanation for the first problem with their partners.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Activate or supply background knowledge of strategies students can use to solve for unknown variables in equations. Allow students to use calculators to ensure inclusive participation in the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Conceptual processing
Writing, Conversing: MLR1 Stronger and Clearer Each Time.
Use this routine to give students a structured opportunity to revise a response to one or both of the questions. Ask each student to meet with 2–3 other partners in a row for feedback. Provide student with prompts for feedback that will help students strengthen their ideas and clarify their language (e.g., “What did you do first?”, “How do you know
\(h\)
is...?”, and “How did you use the volume formula?”, etc.). Students can borrow ideas and language from each partner to strengthen their final explanation.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for explanation)
Student Facing
The volume
\(V\)
of a cylinder with radius
\(r\)
is given by the formula
\(V=\pi r^2h\)
.
The volume of this cylinder with radius 5 units is
\(50\pi\)
cubic units. This statement is true:
\( 50\pi = 5^2 \pi h\)
[IMG]
What does the height of this cylinder have to be? Explain how you know.
The volume of this cylinder with height 4 units is
\(36\pi\)
cubic units. This statement is true:
\(36\pi = r^2 \pi 4\)
[IMG]
What does the radius of this cylinder have to be? Explain how you know.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Suppose a cylinder has a volume of
\(36\pi\)
cubic inches, but it is not the same cylinder as the one you found earlier in this activity.
What are some possibilities for the dimensions of the cylinder?
How many different cylinders can you find that have a volume of
\(36\pi\)
cubic inches?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Select previously identified students to explain the strategies they used to find the missing dimension in each problem. If not brought up in students’ explanations. Discuss the following strategies and explanations:
Guess and check: plug in numbers for
\(h\)
, a value that make the statements true. Since the solutions for these problems are small whole numbers, this strategy works well. In other situations, this strategy may be less efficient.
Divide each side of the equation by the same value to solve for the missing variable: for example, divide each side of
\(36\pi=r^2 \pi 4\)
by the common factor,
\(4\pi\)
. It’s important to remember
\(\pi\)
is a number that can be multiplied and divided like any other factor.
Use the structure of the equation to reason about the missing variable: for example,
\(50\pi\)
is double
\(25\pi\)
, so the missing value must be 2.


aligns: no