few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001894_pos_0

HS_0
standard_description: Use special triangles to determine geometrically the values of sine, cosine, tangent for π/3, π/4 and π/6, and use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosines, and tangent for π–x, π+x, and 2π–x in terms of their values for x, where x is any real number.
problem_activity: Activity
The purpose of this activity is for students to extend the vertical and horizontal axes to include 4 quadrants just as they extended the number line to include negative numbers. Students are introduced to the term
quadrant.
Students plot and label coordinates using ordered pairs and identify their quadrants.
Digital
Launch
Introduce the concept of the 4-region coordinate plane by explaining that, just like we extended the number line include negative numbers, we can extend both the number lines of the coordinate plane (the axes) to include negative coordinates. Use the word
quadrant
to describe the four regions of the coordinate plane. It may be helpful to explain that the prefix "quad-" means 4 and give other examples from English and other languages that use the prefix (quadriceps, quadrilateral, cuatro). Give students 10 minutes to work followed by whole-class discussion.
Classes using the digital version have an interactive applet to use. Instead of naming the coordinates, students enter them into the Input Bar. If correct, the new points will hit the targets and turn them black.
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Activate or supply background knowledge. During the launch, take time to review terms that students will need to access for this activity. Invite students to suggest language or diagrams to include that will support their understanding of: vertical number line, horizontal number line.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Language
Student Facing
[IMG]
The colored points on the coordinate plane are like targets. Hit each point by entering its coordinates as an ordered pair in the Input Bar, like this:
What do you notice about the locations and ordered pairs of
\(B\)
,
\(C\)
, and
\(D\)
? How are they different from those for point
\(A\)
?
Plot a point at
\((\text-2, 5)\)
. Label it
\(E\)
. Plot another point at
\((3, \text-4.5)\)
. Label it
\(F\)
.
The coordinate plane is divided into four quadrants, I, II, III, and IV, as shown here.
[IMG]
\(G = (5, 2)\)
\(H=(\text-1, \text-5)\)
\(I=(7,\text-4)\)
In which quadrant is
\(G\)
located?
\(H\)
?
\(I\)
?
A point has a positive
\(y\)
-coordinate. In which quadrant could it be?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Introduce the concept of the 4-region coordinate plane by explaining that, just like we extended the number line include negative numbers, we can extend both the number lines of the coordinate plane (the axes) to include negative coordinates. Use the word
quadrant
to describe the four regions of the coordinate plane. It may be helpful to explain that the prefix "quad-" means 4 and give other examples from English and other languages that use the prefix (quadriceps, quadrilateral, cuatro). Give students 10 minutes to work followed by whole-class discussion.
Classes using the digital version have an interactive applet to use. Instead of naming the coordinates, students enter them into the Input Bar. If correct, the new points will hit the targets and turn them black.
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Activate or supply background knowledge. During the launch, take time to review terms that students will need to access for this activity. Invite students to suggest language or diagrams to include that will support their understanding of: vertical number line, horizontal number line.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Language
Student Facing
Label each point on the coordinate plane with an ordered pair.
[IMG]
What do you notice about the locations and ordered pairs of
\(B\)
,
\(C\)
, and
\(D\)
? How are they different from those for point
\(A\)
?
Plot a point at
\((\text-2, 5)\)
. Label it
\(E\)
. Plot another point at
\((3, \text-4.5)\)
. Label it
\(F\)
.
The coordinate plane is divided into four
quadrants
, I, II, III, and IV, as shown here.
[IMG]
\(G = (5, 2)\)
\(H=(\text-1, \text-5)\)
\(I=(7,\text-4)\)
In which quadrant is point
\(G\)
located? Point
\(H\)
? Point
\(I\)
?
A point has a positive
\(y\)
-coordinate. In which quadrant could it be?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may confuse the order of the coordinate pairs when plotting points. Direct students to look at their work with vertical and horizontal lines in the warm up to remind them which coordinate is vertical.
Students may locate -4.5 between -3 and -4, rather than between -4 and -5. Direct them to the number lines used in earlier lessons to remind them of locating non integer numbers on number lines.
Activity Synthesis
The most important idea for students to understand is that by extending the two number lines that form the coordinate axes for the first quadrant, we now have 4 quadrants. We describe points in these quadrants using negative and positive numbers as the
\(x\)
and
\(y\)
coordinates. Focus on responses from question 4 for discussion. Invite students to share their reasoning about how to identify the quadrants for the points
\(G\)
,
\(H\)
, and
\(I\)
. As time allows, consider asking the following questions:
“If a point has a negative
\(x\)
-coordinate, what quadrant could it be in?”
“If a point has a negative
\(y\)
-coordinate, what quadrant could it be in?”
“If a point has a positive
\(x\)
-coordinate, what quadrant could it be in?”
To involve more students in the conversation, consider asking:
“Do you agree or disagree? Why?”
“Who can restate ___’s reasoning in a different way?”
“Does anyone want to add on to _____’s reasoning?”
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To support students in producing statements about features of the quadrants that have negative and/or positive numbers provide sentence frames for students to use such as: “Point _____ is in quadrant _____ because _____.” This will support class discussion in providing low entry points for students to start speaking about their reasoning.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making


aligns: no