few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.

Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Answer: 
Yes. This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions.

Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Answer: 
No. Completing neither of these problems requires replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other equation.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_pos_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_neg_0

8
standard_description: Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.
problem_activity: Problem 1
a.   Kyle has 6 Skittles.
$${{1\over3}}$$
of them are red. How many of Kyle's Skittles are red?
b.   Samantha also has 6 Skittles.
$${{2\over3}}$$
of them are red. How many of Samantha’s Skittles are red?
Problem 2
a.   Find the value of each of the following.
|  i.                                 $$\frac{1}{3}$$                                of 9   | ii.                                 $$\frac{2}{3}$$                                of 9  |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| iii.                                 $$\frac{1}{5}$$                                of 10 | iv.                                 $$\frac{4}{5}$$                                of 10 |
|  v.                                 $$\frac{1}{4}$$                                of 12  | vi.                                 $$\frac{2}{4}$$                                of 12 |
b.   What do you notice about the solutions to the computations in the leftmost column of the table? What do you wonder?
c.   What do you notice about the solutions in each row of the table? What do you wonder?
Problem 3
a.   Mrs. Pham has 8 apples. She wants to give
$${{3\over4}}$$
of the apples to her students. How many apples will her students get?
b.   In a class of 24 students,
$${{5\over6}}$$
of them are boys. How many boys are in the class?


aligns: yes