few_shots: 
Example 1:
Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001894_neg_0

HS_0
standard_description: Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear. For example, the function A = s2 giving the area of a square as a function of its side length is not linear because its graph contains the points (1,1), (2,4) and (3,9), which are not on a straight line.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students investigate how the height of water in a graduated cylinder is a function of the volume of water in the graduated cylinder. Students make predictions about how the graph will look and then test their prediction by filling the graduated cylinder with different amounts of water, gathering and graphing the data (MP4).
Digital
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 3–4. Be sure students know how to measure using a graduated cylinder. If needed, display a graduated cylinder filled to a specific measurement for all to see and demonstrate to students how to read the measurement. Give each group access to a graduated cylinder and water.
Give groups 8–10 minutes to work on the task, follow with a whole-class discussion.
For classrooms with access to the digital materials or those with no access to graduated cylinders, an applet is included here. Physical measurement tools and an active lab experience are preferred.
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Display sentence frames to support small-group discussion. For example, “I think ____ , because _____ .” or “I (agree/disagree) because ______ .”
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Optimize output for (explanation)
Student Facing
Use the applet to investigate the height of water in the cylinder as a function of the water volume.
Before you get started, make a prediction about the shape of the graph.
Check Reset and set the radius and height of the graduated cylinder to values you choose.
Let the cylinder fill with different amounts of water and record the data in the table.
Create a graph that shows the height of the water in the cylinder as a function of the water volume.
Choose a point on the graph and explain its meaning in the context of the situation.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Print
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 3–4. Be sure students know how to measure using a graduated cylinder. If needed, display a graduated cylinder filled to a specific measurement for all to see and demonstrate to students how to read the measurement. Give each group access to a graduated cylinder and water.
Give groups 8–10 minutes to work on the task, follow with a whole-class discussion.
For classrooms with access to the digital materials or those with no access to graduated cylinders, an applet is included here. Physical measurement tools and an active lab experience are preferred.
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
Display sentence frames to support small-group discussion. For example, “I think ____ , because _____ .” or “I (agree/disagree) because ______ .”
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Optimize output for (explanation)
Student Facing
Your teacher will give you a graduated cylinder, water, and some other supplies. Your group will use these supplies to investigate the height of water in the cylinder as a function of the water volume.
Before you get started, make a prediction about the shape of the graph.
Fill the cylinder with different amounts of water and record the data in the table.
| volume (ml) |   |   |   |   |   |
|-------------|---|---|---|---|---|
| height (cm) |   |   |   |   |   |
Create a graph that shows the height of the water in the cylinder as a function of the water volume.
[IMG]
Choose a point on the graph and explain its meaning in the context of the situation.
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Select groups to share the graph for the third question and display it for all to see. Consider asking students the following questions:
“What do you notice about the shape of your graph?”
“What is the independent variable of your graph? Dependent variable?”
“How does this graph differ from what you predicted the shape would be?”
“For the last question, what point did you choose, and what does that point mean in the context of this activity?”
“What would the endpoint of the graph be?” (There is a maximum possible volume for the cylinder. Once it’s filled, any extra water will spill out and not raise the water height.)
[IMG]
Ask students to predict how the graph would change if their cylinder had double the diameter. After a few responses, display this graph for all to see:Explain that each line represents the graph of a cylinder with a different radius. One cylinder has a radius of 1 cm, another has a radius of 2 cm, and another has a radius of 3 cm. Have students consider which line must represent which cylinder. Ask, “how did the slope of each graph change as the radius increased?” (As the radius is larger, the slope is less steep. This is because for a cylinder with a larger base, the same volume of water will not fill as high up the side of the cylinder.)


aligns: no