few_shots: 
Example:
Concept/skill: 
Explain why a fraction a/b is equivalent to a fraction (n × a)/(n × b) by using visual fraction models, with attention to how the number and size of the parts differ even though the two fractions themselves are the same size. Use this principle to recognize and generate equivalent fractions.
Grade 4 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100.

Problem/activity:
Task
Cruz and Erica were both getting ready for soccer.
Cruz ran 1 lap around the school.
Erica ran 3 laps around the playground.
Erica said,
I ran more laps, so I ran farther.
Cruz said,
4 laps around the school is 1 mile, but it takes 12 laps around the playground to go 1 mile. My laps are much longer, so I ran farther.
Who is right? Draw a picture to help you explain your answer.


Answer: 
Yes. This task asks students to compare two fractions that are equal. The students need to explain why the two fractions are equal by drawing a picture, which involves using visual fraction models.

Now, determine whether the following problem or activity can enable students to understand the concepts or skills in the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_000212_pos_0

4
standard_description: Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology.
problem_activity: Activity
This activity is an opportunity for students to practice rewriting expressions using the distributive property. It is a step up from the same type of work in grade 6 because arithmetic with signed numbers is required.
The row with
\(6a-2b\)
is designed to allow students to figure out how to factor by reasoning based on structure they already understand, instead of learning how to factor based on a procedure that a teacher demonstrates first. The rows with
\(k(4 - 17)\)
and
\(10a-13a\)
are designed to prepare students for combining like terms in the next lesson.
Launch
Draw students’ attention to the organizers that appear above the table, and tell them that these correspond to the first three rows in the table. Let them know that they are encouraged to draw more organizers like this for other rows as needed.
Arrange students in groups of 2. Instruct them to take turns writing an equivalent expression for each row. One partner writes the equivalent expression and explains their reasoning while the other listens. If the partner disagrees, they work to resolve the discrepancy before moving to the next row.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Provide students with blank diagrams to organize their work for the factored and expanded expressions. Include example diagrams labeled “expanded” and “factored.”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Student Facing
In each row, write the equivalent expression. If you get stuck, use a diagram to organize your work. The first row is provided as an example. Diagrams are provided for the first three rows.
[IMG]
|       factored        |      expanded      |
|-----------------------|--------------------|
| \(\text- 3(5 - 2y)\)  | \(\text- 15 + 6y\) |
|      \(5(a-6)\)       |                    |
|                       |     \(6a-2b\)      |
|  \(\text- 4(2w-5z)\)  |                    |
|  \(\text- (2x-3y)\)   |                    |
|                       |  \(20x-10y+15z\)   |
|      \(k(4-17)\)      |                    |
|                       |    \(10a-13a\)     |
|  \(\text- 2x(3y-z)\)  |                    |
|                       |   \(ab-bc-3bd\)    |
| \(\text- x(3y-z+4w)\) |                    |
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Expand to create an equivalent expression that uses the fewest number of terms:
\(\left(\left(\left(\left(x\strut+1\right)\frac12\right)+1\right)\frac12\right)+1\)
. If we wrote a new expression following the same pattern so that there were 20 sets of parentheses, how could it be expanded into an equivalent expression that uses the fewest number of terms?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students are unsure how to proceed, remind them of tools and understandings they have seen recently that would be helpful. For example, “Draw an organizer and think about how the organizer represents terms in the expression.” Also, “Rewrite subtraction as adding the opposite.”
Activity Synthesis
Much of the discussion will take place in small groups. Display the correct equivalent expressions and work to resolve any discrepancies. Expanding the term
\(\text-(2x-3y)\)
may require particular care. One way to interpret it is to rewrite as
\(\text-1 \boldcdot (2x-3y).\)
If any confusion about handling subtraction arises, encourage students to employ the strategy of rewriting subtraction as adding the opposite.
To wrap up the activity, ask:
“Which rows did you and your partner disagree about? How did you resolve the disagreement?”
“Which rows are you the most unsure about?”
“Describe a process or procedure for taking a factored expression and writing its corresponding expanded expression.”
“Describe a process or procedure for taking an expanded expression and writing its corresponding factored expression.”
Writing: MLR3 Clarify, Critique, Correct.
Present an incorrect response for one of the expanded expressions in the table. For example, “An equivalent expression for
\(6a − 2b\)
is
\(4(a−b)\)
because
\(6−2\)
is 4 and
\((a−b)\)
is left on its own.” Prompt students to clarify any of the language and reasoning in the incorrect response and then to identify the error(s). Invite students to work with a partner to write a correct response. This helps students evaluate and improve on the written mathematical arguments of others.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness


aligns: no