standard_description: Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation. For example, in a problem involving motion at constant speed, list and graph ordered pairs of distances and times, and write the equation d = 65t to represent the relationship between distance and time.
problem_activity: Optional activity
In this activity, students use symbols and diagrams to find a sum that requires regrouping of base-ten units. Use this activity to give students more explicit instruction on how to bundle smaller units into a larger one and additional practice on using addition algorithm to add decimals.
Again, consider having physical base-ten blocks, a paper version of the base-ten figures, or this digital applet
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available as alternatives to diagram drawing, or to more concretely illustrate the idea of bundling and unbundling.
Digital
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give groups 4–5 minutes to discuss and answer the first question, and then 7–8 minutes of quiet time to complete the remaining questions. Provide access to base-ten representations, if needed.
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Classes using the digital activities have an interactive applet with virtual blocks. Note that the applet can only represent ones, tenths, and hundredths, so the pieces are large enough to manipulate. To use the bundling and unbundling features, the pieces must be aligned on the light blue grids. To bring a piece into the workspace, select one of the green tool icons and then click on the workspace. To move it, you must click on the Move tool
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts to support students who benefit from support with organization and problem solving. For example, present one question at a time and monitor students to ensure they are making progress throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Student Facing
Here are two ways to calculate the value of
\(0.26 + 0.07\)
. In the diagram, each rectangle represents 0.1 and each square represents 0.01.
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Use what you know about base-ten units and addition of base-ten numbers to explain:
Why ten squares can be “bundled” into a rectangle.
How this “bundling” is reflected in the computation.
The applet has tools that create each of the base-ten blocks. Select a Block tool, and then click on the screen to place it.
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One
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Tenth
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Hundredth
Click on the Move tool when you are done choosing blocks.
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Find the value of
\(0.38 + 0.69\)
by drawing a diagram. Can you find the sum without bundling? Would it be useful to bundle some pieces? Explain your reasoning.
Calculate
\(0.38 + 0.69\)
. Check your calculation against your diagram in the previous question.
Find each sum. The larger square represents 1, the rectangle represents 0.1, and the smaller square represents 0.01.
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Student Response
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Print
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Give groups 4–5 minutes to discuss and answer the first question, and then 7–8 minutes of quiet time to complete the remaining questions. Provide access to base-ten representations, if needed.
[IMG]
Classes using the digital activities have an interactive applet with virtual blocks. Note that the applet can only represent ones, tenths, and hundredths, so the pieces are large enough to manipulate. To use the bundling and unbundling features, the pieces must be aligned on the light blue grids. To bring a piece into the workspace, select one of the green tool icons and then click on the workspace. To move it, you must click on the Move tool
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts to support students who benefit from support with organization and problem solving. For example, present one question at a time and monitor students to ensure they are making progress throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Organization; Attention
Student Facing
Here are two ways to calculate the value of
\(0.26 + 0.07\)
. In the diagram, each rectangle represents 0.1 and each square represents 0.01.
[IMG]
Use what you know about base-ten units and addition to explain:
Why ten squares can be “bundled” into a rectangle.
How this “bundling” is represented in the vertical calculation.
Find the value of
\(0.38 + 0.69\)
by drawing a diagram. Can you find the sum without bundling? Would it be useful to bundle some pieces? Explain your reasoning.
Calculate
\(0.38 + 0.69\)
. Check your calculation against your diagram in the previous question.
Find each sum. The larger square represents 1.
[IMG]
[IMG]
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
A distant, magical land uses jewels for their bartering system. The jewels are valued and ranked in order of their rarity. Each jewel is worth 3 times the jewel immediately below it in the ranking. The ranking is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. So a red jewel is worth 3 orange jewels, a green jewel is worth 3 blue jewels, and so on.
If you had 500 violet jewels and wanted to trade so that you carried as few jewels as possible, which jewels would you have?
Suppose you have 1 orange jewel, 2 yellow jewels, and 1 indigo jewel. If you’re given 2 green jewels and 1 yellow jewels, what is the fewest number of jewels that could represent the value of the jewels you have?
Student Response
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click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students have difficulty drawing the diagrams to represent bundling, it might be helpful for them to work with actual base-ten blocks, paper printouts of base-ten blocks, or digital base-ten blocks so that they can physically trade 10 hundredths for 1 tenth or 10 tenths for 1 whole.
Activity Synthesis
Focus the whole-class debriefing on the idea of choosing appropriate tools to solve a problem, which is an important part of doing mathematics (MP5). Highlight how drawings can effectively help us understand what is happening when we add base-ten numbers before moving on to a more generalized method. Discuss:
“In which place(s) did bundling happen when adding 0.38 and 0.69?” (In the hundredth and tenth places.) “Why?” (There is a total of 17 hundredths, and 10 hundredths can be bundled to make 1 tenth. This 1 tenth is added to the 3 tenths and 6 tenths, which makes 10 tenths. Ten tenths can be bundled into 1 one.)
“How can the bundling process be represented in vertical calculations?” (We can show that the 8 hundredths and 9 hundredths make 1 tenth and 7 hundredths by recording 7 hundredths and writing a 1 above the 3 tenths in 0.38.)
“Which method of calculating is more efficient?” (It depends on the complexity and size of the numbers. The drawings become hard when there are lots of digits or when the digits are large. The algorithm works well in all cases, but it is more abstract and requires that all bundling be recorded in the right places.)
Listening, Speaking, Representing: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
Use this routine when students discuss different ways to calculate and represent decimal sums. Display three different representations for calculating the sum of 6.03 and 0.098 (using base-ten blocks, diagrams, and vertically). Ask students to identify where the bundling occurred and how it is shown in each representation. Draw students’ attention to how the action of bundling is represented. For instance, in the base-ten blocks the pieces are physically joined or traded, in the diagram the hundredths are circled, and in the vertical calculation the “1” is notated. Emphasize the mathematical language used to make sense of the different ways to represent bundling. These exchanges strengthen students' mathematical language use and reasoning.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Maximize meta-awareness


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