few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Description: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Description: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Description: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Now, assess whether the following problem or activity aligns with the provided description.

shot_info: im_task_001477_neg_0

K

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001894_pos_0

HS_0
standard_description: Distinguish between correlation and causation.
problem_activity: In Class Launch
Use after Unit 3, Lesson 9
The US Department of Education does a survey of colleges every year. Students will use this data to test a conjecture they have about colleges. Tell students that these are some of the characteristics we have information on:
college ownership: public, private non-profit, or private for-profit
average SAT scores of admitted students
acceptance rate
number of enrolled students
average cost of attendance
median earnings 10 years after graduation
Task Statement 1 has four more categories (highest degree awarded, completion rate, percent of white students, and median ACT score), which can also be included in this discussion if students will be using that task statement.
Ask students to identify what type of data each of these is (for example, categorical, percent, mean, or count). Once all the types are identified, ask "Which of these characteristics might be related to each other? How are they related?" Write down each idea for all to see. Ask students why they think a pair of categories is related in the way they propose, to increase investment in finding the answer. However, students do not need to have well-supported reasons at this time.
If students are having trouble generating ideas, or they do not bring up a wide enough variety of ideas, introduce a few more. Here are some examples:
The more selective the college is, the higher the average SAT scores of the people who are accepted.
Private for-profit colleges cost more on average, but also have a wider range of costs, because they need to make money but also attract lots of students.
Public schools are larger than private schools.
Once enough ideas have been suggested, ask “If these relationships exist, how could we see them in the data? How could we present the data to show that they’re true?” Give students quiet think time and then invite them to share one of their ideas with a partner. Then ask students to share their ideas with the class. Ensure that a variety of ways of presenting data are discussed. Here are some examples:
The more selective the college is, the higher the average SAT scores of the people who are accepted: Make a scatter plot of admission rate vs. average SAT score.
Private for-profit colleges cost more on average, but also have a wider range of costs: Make a box-and-whisker plot of costs for each type of college.
Public schools are larger than private schools: Make a two-way frequency table of school ownership (public or private) vs school size (small, medium, and large, defined by ranges of numbers of enrolled students).
Teacher Instructions
The data provided is a spreadsheet of 200 schools, not all of which have information about each of the ten categories. Students will need access to technology such as Geogebra or Excel that will allow them to analyze and display the relationships that interest them.
If desired, the complete data set can be downloaded from the Department of Education website, and data can be curated in a different way. Different categories can be chosen based on the interests of the class, or the range of colleges can be narrowed down to those in the state. Historical data is also available. A few local colleges could be compared across time. If a customized data set is created, modify the launch accordingly.
Student-Facing Statement
Here are the characteristics of colleges that we have data about:
Choose two that might be related. What do you predict the relationship between them is?
college ownership: public, private non-profit, or private for-profit
average SAT score of admitted students
acceptance rate
number of enrolled students
average cost of attendance per year
median earnings 10 years after graduation
highest degree awarded
completion rate
percent of students who self-identify as white
median ACT score of admitted students
Take a look at the data in the spreadsheet. Before calculating, do some estimation based on the data. Can you tell if your hypothesis seems reasonable?
Use an appropriate display to summarize the data.
Analyze your graph or table and do any other calculations needed. Do your results confirm your prediction? If not, what do you think explains the results?
Here are some headlines. What analysis do you think the article describes? Give some examples of evidence that would support the headline or contradict it.
“Students from Selective Colleges Tend to Succeed”
“Isolation at Larger Colleges Leads to Higher Dropout Rates”
“High Cost of Private Colleges Not Outweighed by Lifetime Earnings”
Teacher Instructions
The data provided is a spreadsheet of 100 schools for which there is information about each of the six categories. Students will need access to technology such as Geogebra or Excel that will allow them to analyze and display the relationships that interest them.
If desired, the complete data set can be downloaded from the Department of Education website, and data can be curated in a different way. Different categories can be chosen based on the interests of the class, or the range of colleges can be narrowed down to those in the state. Historical data is also available. A few local colleges could be compared across time. If a customized data set is created, modify the launch accordingly.
Student-Facing Statement
Here are the characteristics of colleges that we have data about:
Choose two that might be related. What do you predict the relationship between them is?
college ownership: public, private non-profit, or private for-profit
average SAT score of admitted students
acceptance rate
number of enrolled students
average cost of attendance per year
median earnings 10 years after graduation
Take a look at the data in the spreadsheet. Before calculating, do some estimation based on the data. Can you tell if your hypothesis seems reasonable?
Use an appropriate display to summarize the data.
Analyze your graph or table and do any other calculations needed. Do your results confirm your prediction? If not, what do you think explains the results?
Here are some headlines. What analysis do you think the article describes? Give some examples of evidence that would support the headline or contradict it.
“Students from Selective Colleges Tend to Succeed”
“Isolation at Larger Colleges Leads to Higher Dropout Rates”
“High Cost of Private Colleges Not Outweighed by Lifetime Earnings”


aligns: yes