few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Concept/skill: 
Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Answer: 
No. Usually problems that teach recognizing and representing proportional relationships between quantities involve deciding whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship or identifying the constant of proportionality, and then representing proportional relationships by equations or explaining proportional relationship using coordinate graphs.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Concept/skill: 
Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Answer: 
Yes. The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_neg_0

6

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001392_pos_0

8
standard_description: Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas and other quantities measured in like or different units. For example, if a person walks 1/2 mile in each 1/4 hour, compute the unit rate as the complex fraction 1/2/1/4 miles per hour, equivalently 2 miles per hour.
problem_activity: Activity
The purpose of this task is to introduce students to the idea of a proportional relationship. From previous work, students should be familiar with the idea of equivalent ratios, and they may very well recognize the table as a set of equivalent ratios. Here, we are starting to expand this concept and the language associated with it to say that there is a proportional relationship between the cups of rice and number of people as well as the number of spring rolls and number of people. More generally, there is a proportional relationship between two quantities when the quantities are characterized by a set of equivalent ratios.
The context in this activity and the numbers used are intended to be accessible to all students so that they can focus on its mathematical structure (MP7) and the new terms introduced in the lesson without being distracted.
While students are working, monitor for groups using each of these approaches:
Drawing that depicts 15 cups of rice and 45 people, organized into three people per cup. This representation of the problem can support all learners in moving forward. The teacher should highlight the organization of three people per cup, and identify correspondences between parts of the drawing and numbers in the table.
Moving down the table, multiplying both numbers in a row by the same number. “Since I multiply 2 by 5 to get 10, I will multiply 6 by 5 and get 30. Since 9 times 5 is 45, I will also multiply 3 by 5 to get 15.” If it comes up, the most appropriate name for the multiplier would be
scale factor
, but it is not necessary for students to call it this.
Calculation and use of a unit rate. “I reasoned that 1 cup of rice must serve 3 people. So 10 cups of rice must serve 30, and 15 cups must serve 45.”
Moving across the table. “It looks like we always multiply number of cups of rice by 3 to get the number of people it serves, so I will multiply 10 cups by 3 to get 30, and divide the 45 by 3 to get 15.”
Launch
Say, “Rice is a big part of the traditions and cultures of many families. Does your family cook rice, and if so, how?" Invite a student to describe the process (measure rice, measure water, simmer for a while). You use more rice for more people and less rice for fewer people. If students have trouble understanding or representing the context, show them the measuring cup so that they have a sense of its size, or draw a literal diagram that looks something like this:
[IMG]
Similarly, ask students if they have ever eaten a spring roll and invite them to describe what they are. While some spring rolls can be very large, the ones referred to in this activity are smaller.
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Encourage and support opportunities for peer interactions. Invite students to talk about their ideas with a partner before writing them down. Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their strategy. For example, “First, I _____ because _____. Then, I….,” “I noticed _____ so I….,” and “I tried _____ and what happened was….”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Social-emotional skills
Student Facing
A recipe says that 2 cups of dry rice will serve 6 people. Complete the table as you answer the questions. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.
How many people will 10 cups of rice serve?
How many cups of rice are needed to serve 45 people?
| cups of rice | number of people |
|--------------|------------------|
|      2       |        6         |
|      3       |        9         |
|      10      |                  |
|              |        45        |
A recipe says that 6 spring rolls will serve 3 people. Complete the table.
| number of spring rolls | number of people |
|------------------------|------------------|
|           6            |        3         |
|           30           |                  |
|           40           |                  |
|                        |        28        |
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Select students to share their approaches using the sequence listed in the Activity Narrative.
After students have shared their reasoning and connections have been drawn between the different approaches, introduce the term
proportional relationship
. For example, “Whenever we have a situation like this where two quantities are always in the same ratio, we say there is a proportional relationship between the quantities. So the relationship between the number of cups of rice and the number of people is a proportional relationship. The number of cups of rice is proportional to the number of people.” Write out some of these statements for all to see (in the next activity, students will need to write a statement like these about a different relationship). If the class has a word wall or students keep track of mathematical vocabulary in their notebooks, these new terms can be included there.
Notice that methods 2 and 3 involve identifying relationships of column entries, namely that the entry in the right-hand column is three times the corresponding entry in the left-hand column. This pattern can be explained in terms of the
unit rate
(people per cup of rice), which tells us how many people we can serve with a given amount of rice. The next activity is intended to build the understanding underlying this explanation.
After discussing the rice context thoroughly, ask students to share their solution approaches to the spring roll context. Ask students to identify and interpret the unit rate in this situation (0.5 people per spring roll may sound strange, but it means that 1 spring roll only halfway satisfies a person.)


aligns: no