few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Concept/skill: 
Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Answer: 
No. Usually problems that teach recognizing and representing proportional relationships between quantities involve deciding whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship or identifying the constant of proportionality, and then representing proportional relationships by equations or explaining proportional relationship using coordinate graphs.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"align": "center", "class": ["table", "table-bordered"], "style": "table-layout:fixed; width:70%"}, "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "No solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Exactly 1 solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Infinite number of solutions"}]}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9=4x+7}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y=3y+5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y={x\\over2}}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${3x+6y-9=0}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${x=y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${1.25x=1.25y}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9.9=6x+8y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=1.5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=2.5}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {}]}]}]}]}
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Concept/skill: 
Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Answer: 
Yes. The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_neg_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_pos_0

8
standard_description: Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1–100 is prime or composite.
problem_activity: Narrative
In this activity, students solve problems that involve finding multiples that are shared by two different numbers: the number of hot dogs in a package and the number of hot dog buns in a package. They reason about how many of each package to get to make a certain number of servings of hot dogs. As multiple answers can be expected, the focus is on explaining why the solutions make sense (MP3).
To solve the problems, students may decontextualize the situation and reason about factors and multiples, and then recontextualize the solutions in terms of servings of hot dogs. As they do so, they practice reasoning quantitatively and abstractly (MP2). During the synthesis, analyze different solutions and discuss why numbers that are multiples both of 8 and 10 are useful in this situation.
Launch
Groups of 2–4
Read the opening paragraph as a class.
“What questions could you ask about the situation?”
1 minute: quiet think time
Share responses.
“Let’s solve problems about hot dogs and hot dog buns, which come in different-size packages.”
“For each problem, look for possible numbers of packages that are needed to serve hot dogs at a picnic.”
“Take a minute to read the problems and think about how you would solve them.”
1 minute: quiet think time
Activity
“Now work with your group to solve these problems.”
8–10 minutes: group work time
Monitor for students who:
use the term “multiple” in their explanations
try different possibilities for the number of packages to buy
try to find numbers of packages that would give the exact (or close to the exact) numbers of servings
Student Facing
Each package of hot dogs has 10 hot dogs. Each package of hot dog buns has 8 buns.
Lin expects to need 50 hot dogs for a class picnic.
How many packages of hot dogs should Lin get? Explain or show your reasoning.
Can Lin get exactly 50 hot dog buns? How many packages of hot dog buns should Lin get? Explain or show your reasoning.
Diego expects to need 72 hot dogs for a class picnic.
How many packages of hot dogs should Diego get? Explain or show your reasoning.
How many packages of hot dog buns should Diego get? Explain or show your reasoning.
Is it possible to buy exactly the same number of hot dogs and buns? If you think so, what would that number be? If not, explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students are using guess and check, consider asking: “How are you choosing which numbers to try?” or “How can thinking about multiples help you solve the problem?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their responses to the problem about 72 hot dogs, including those who get 70 hot dogs and 72 buns or 80 hot dogs and 80 buns. Encourage students to highlight how they are using multiples in their reasoning.
“Why are there different answers to this question?” (The numbers do not work out exactly to get 72 hot dogs and 72 buns, so we need to look at different alternatives.)
“Is it possible to buy exactly the same number of hot dogs and buns? If so, how many of each?” (Yes, 40, 80.)
“Why is it possible to buy exactly the same number of hot dogs and buns when the packaging is different?” (Some multiples of 10 are also multiples of 8, such as 40 and 80.)


aligns: yes