few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

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standard_description: Relate area to the operations of multiplication and addition.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to locate fractions on the number line, and find pairs of fractions that are equivalent. Students can use a separate number line for each denominator, but they can also place fractions with different denominators on the same number line to show equivalence. Focus explanations about why fractions are equivalent on the fact that they share the same location. In the synthesis, discuss how one number line or two can be used to compare fractions.
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts. Check in with students to provide feedback and encouragement after each chunk.
Supports accessibility for: Attention, Organization
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
“Work independently to locate these numbers on the number line. Then, find 4 pairs of fractions that are equivalent. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.”
3–5 minutes: independent work time
“Now, share the pairs of fractions you wrote with your partner and explain how you know they are equivalent.”
2–3 minutes: partner discussion
Monitor for students who compare fractions on a single number line and those who compare fractions on separate number lines.
Student Facing
Locate and label the following numbers on a number line. You can use more than one number line if you wish.
\(\frac{1}{2}\)
,
\(\frac{1}{3}\)
,
\(\frac{1}{4}\)
,
\(\frac{2}{3}\)
,
\(\frac{2}{6}\)
,
\(\frac{3}{8}\)
,
\(\frac{3}{4}\)
,
\(\frac{4}{6}\)
,
\(\frac{4}{8}\)
,
\(\frac{6}{8}\)
,
\(\frac{7}{8}\)
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Find 4 pairs of fractions that are equivalent. Write equations to represent them.
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} = \underline{\hspace{1 cm}}\)
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} = \underline{\hspace{1 cm}}\)
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} = \underline{\hspace{1 cm}}\)
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} = \underline{\hspace{1 cm}}\)
If you have time: Use the number lines to generate as many equivalent fractions as you can.
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Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
Select previously identified students to display how a single number line or separate number lines can be used to show equivalent fractions.
“When might it make sense to use a single number line and when might it be helpful to use two number lines?“ (One number line might make sense if one fraction can be partitioned to get to another, like halves to fourths. If a number line is too crowded or has fractions that could be hard to partition together, like halves and thirds, it might be helpful to use two number lines.)


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