few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Concept/skill: 
Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"align": "center", "class": ["table", "table-bordered"], "style": "table-layout:fixed; width:70%"}, "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "No solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Exactly 1 solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Infinite number of solutions"}]}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9=4x+7}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y=3y+5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y={x\\over2}}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${3x+6y-9=0}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${x=y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${1.25x=1.25y}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9.9=6x+8y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=1.5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=2.5}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {}]}]}]}]}
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Concept/skill: 
Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions.

Answer: 
No. Completing neither of these problems requires replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other equation.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_pos_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_neg_0

8
standard_description: Understand that the three digits of a three-digit number represent amounts of hundreds, tens, and ones; e.g., 706 equals 7 hundreds, 0 tens, and 6 ones. Understand the following as special cases:
- 100 can be thought of as a bundle of ten tens — called a “hundred.”
- The numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine hundreds (and 0 tens and 0 ones).
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to compare three-digit numbers based on their understanding of place value. They are invited to explain or show their thinking in any way that makes sense to them. A number line is provided. Students may revise their thinking after locating the numbers on the number line, or may choose to draw diagrams to represent their thinking. During the activity synthesis, methods based on comparing the value of digits by place are highlighted.
For the last problem, students persevere in problem solving as there are many ways to make most of inequalities true but students will need to think strategically in order to fill out all of them. In particular, 810 can be used in the first, second, or fourth inequality but it needs to be used in the fourth because it is the
only
number on the list that is larger than 793.
Representation: Develop Language and Symbols.
Represent the problem in multiple ways to support understanding of the situation. For example, have one group member place the numbers on a number line to verify which number is greater. Another option is to have one group member make the numbers using base-ten blocks to prove which is greater.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual Processing, Organization
Launch
Groups of 2
“In the warm-up, you saw that different forms of writing a number can help you think about the value of each digit.”
Write
\(564\phantom{3} \boxed{\phantom{33}}\phantom{3}504\)
on the board.
“What symbol would make this expression true? Explain.” (>, because they both have 500, but the first number has 6 tens or 60 and the second number has 0 tens.)
Activity
“Today you will be comparing three-digit numbers by looking at place value.”
“If it helps, you can use base-ten diagrams or expanded form to help you think about place value.”
“Try it on your own and then compare with your partner.”
5 minutes: independent work time
5 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who compare the numbers without drawing base-ten diagrams or using a number line.
Student Facing
Compare the numbers.
\(>\)
,
\(=\)
, or
\(<\)
521
\(\boxed{\phantom{33}}\)
523
Explain or show your thinking. If it helps, use a diagram or number line.
\(>\)
,
\(=\)
, or
\(<\)
889
\(\boxed{\phantom{33}}\)
878
Explain or show your thinking. If it helps, use a diagram or number line.
Place the numbers in the blanks to make each comparison true. Use each number only once. Use base-ten diagrams or a number line if it helps.
810
529
752
495
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} > 519\)
\(687 < \underline{\hspace{1 cm}}\)
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} < 501\)
\(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}} > 793\)
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students write comparison statements that are not true, consider asking:
“Could you read each statement aloud?”
“How did you know your statement is true?”
“How could you use the base-ten diagram or number line to help you show whether your statement is true or false?”
Activity Synthesis
Display
\(564 > 504\)
.
Display
\(500 + 60 + 4 > 500 + 4\)
.
“We decided that this was a true statement. How does the expanded form of these numbers help justify our thinking?” (We can see the value of each place, so we can compare each digit.)
Invite previously selected students to share how they compared numbers without drawing diagrams or using the number line.


aligns: yes