few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001894_neg_0

HS_0
standard_description: Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
problem_activity: In Class Launch
Use after Unit 4, Lesson 16
Ask students to give examples of situations where there is exponential change (population growth, compounding interest, radioactive decay). Write down students’ ideas for all to see.
Then ask students for an example of an exponential function (
\(y=2e^{\text-t}\)
). Write it for all to see. Here are some possible questions for discussion:
“What situation could this function model?” (Since the exponent is negative, this models decay. The coefficient of the exponential part is 2, so the initial value is 2. The amount is divided by
\(e\)
every time
\(t\)
increases by 1. So it’s a small amount of something and it’s decreasing. How fast it decreases depends on what
\(t\)
represents.)
“What questions about a situation could this function help you answer?” (I could find out what
\(t\)
is when the value of the function is a specific number, like 0.01. If
\(t\)
represents time, I could find out how often the value of the function doubles.)
Tell students that in this task they will ask and answer their own questions about a situation that can be modeled with an exponential function.
Teacher Instructions
After students have finished the task, they should see what questions were asked about each situation. One way to do this would be to have groups that looked at the same situation get together to compare their questions and the assumptions they made about the situation. Groups that made up their own situations can get together and share what they did. Then one or two representatives from each large group can summarize the discussion for the whole class.
Student-Facing Statement
Choose one of these situations to think about, or write a similar one of your own:
There are currently 61 million cars in a certain country, increasing by 6% annually.
A vampire enters a town. He looks around for about an hour, and then chooses someone to bite. The person he bit is now also a vampire. Both of them take an hour to choose new victims, and then they each bite someone. All the vampires continue choosing victims in the same way.
The population in millions,
\(W\)
, of the country of West Mathlandia is modeled by
\(W(x) = 17.9e^{0.0015x}\)
, where
\(x\)
is the number of years since September 1998. The population in millions,
\(E\)
, of East Mathlandia is modeled by
\(E(x) = 13.5e^{0.0128x}\)
.
There are 10,000 bacteria in a petri dish. The population of bacteria declines to 4,000 in 4 hours.
An artifact is discovered. It has 57% of the carbon-14 it originally contained. Carbon-14 decays at the rate of 0.0125% per year.
The number of books,
\(B\)
, in a small library increases according to the function
\(B = 5,\!300e^{0.02t}\)
, where
\(t\)
is measured in years.
The growth in the population,
\(P\)
, of a certain species of rodent at a landfill is modeled by the exponential function
\(P(t)= 648e^{0.016t}\)
, where
\(t\)
is the number of years since 1987.
The initial mass of a certain compound is 448 g, and every 27 hours it decreases by half.
Write down questions you could ask about the situation you chose. Write as many questions as you can think of. As a group, you will choose some interesting questions to answer. If you would need to do calculations, make a sketch, or draw a graph in order to answer a question, then it’s probably an interesting question.
You should answer 2 questions for every person in your group. Multiple people can work on a question together—each person in the group does not have to answer 2 questions by themselves.
Write a report to explain your questions and answers. The report should include:
A context for your situation. Write a story that includes all the relevant information. If the description of the situation is missing some details, fill them in however you want.
An equation to describe the situation, with an explanation of what each part of the equation represents.
A labeled graph of the situation.
The questions you chose and your answers. Include your process for finding the answers. Say what the answers mean in the context of this situation.
Teacher Instructions
After students have finished the task, they should see what questions were asked about each situation. One way to do this would be to have groups that looked at the same situation get together to compare their questions and the assumptions they made about the situation. Groups that made up their own situations can get together and share what they did. Then one or two representatives from each large group can summarize the discussion for the whole class.
Student-Facing Statement
Choose one of these situations to think about, or write a similar one of your own:
A vampire enters a town. He looks around for about an hour, and then chooses someone to bite. The person he bit is now also a vampire. Both of them take an hour to choose new victims, and then they each bite someone. All the vampires continue choosing victims in the same way.
The population in millions,
\(W\)
, of the country of West Mathlandia is modeled by
\(W(x) = 17.9e^{0.0015x}\)
, where
\(x\)
is the number of years since September 1998. The population in millions,
\(E\)
, of East Mathlandia is modeled by
\(E(x) = 13.5e^{0.0128x}\)
.
There are 10,000 bacteria in a petri dish. The population of bacteria declines to 4,000 in 4 hours.
The number of books,
\(B\)
, in a small library increases according to the function
\(B = 5,\!300e^{0.02t}\)
, where
\(t\)
is measured in years.
The growth in the population,
\(P\)
, of a certain species of rodent at a landfill is modeled by the exponential function
\(P(t)= 648e^{0.016t}\)
, where
\(t\)
is the number of years since 1987.
Write down questions you could ask about the situation you chose. Write as many questions as you can think of. As a group, you will choose some interesting questions to answer. If you would need to do calculations, make a sketch, or draw a graph in order to answer a question, then it's probably an interesting question. To get you started, here are some example questions you could ask about each situation:
If there are 200 people in the town, how long will it be before all of them are vampires?
Will the populations of East and West Mathlandia ever be the same, and if so, when?
How much does the population of bacteria decline each hour?
How long will it be before the library has 1 million books?
How many rodents were born between 1987 and now?
You should answer 2 questions for every person in your group. Multiple people can work on a question together—each person in the group does not have to answer 2 questions by themselves.
Write a report to explain your questions and answers. The report should include:
A context for your situation. Write a story that includes all the relevant information. If the description of the situation is missing some details, fill them in however you want.
An equation to describe the situation, with an explanation of what each part of the equation represents.
A labeled graph of the situation.
The questions you chose and your answers. Include your process for finding the answers. Say what the answers mean in the context of this situation.


aligns: yes