few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

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K

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001894_neg_0

HS_0
standard_description: Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three-dimensional objects, and identify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects.
problem_activity: Activity
In the last activity, students started with solids and identified various cross sections. In this activity, students view three-dimensional slabs of a solid between parallel cross sections and try to determine what the original solid was. Being able to visualize the relationship between a solid and its cross sections is important to later work on Cavalieri’s Principle.
Launch
Ask students, “What solid would a stack of all the same coins create?” Display a stack of quarters and note that it creates the shape of a cylinder. Then display, in order, a quarter, a nickel, a penny, and a dime. Ask, “What solid would a stack of coins decreasing in size create?” Make a stack with a few of each type of coin to make a solid that resembles a cone.
Student Facing
Each question shows several parallel cross-sectional slabs of the same three-dimensional solid. Name each solid.
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Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
3D-printers stack layers of material to make a three-dimensional shape. Computer software slices a digital model of an object into layers, and the printer stacks those layers one on top of another to replicate the digital model in the real world.
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Draw 3 different horizontal cross sections from the object in the image.
The layers can be printed in different thicknesses. How would the thickness of the layers affect the final appearance of the object?
Suppose we printed a rectangular prism. How would the thickness of the layers affect the final appearance of the prism?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Ask students to share their predictions for what solids are formed. Then display these images for all to see.
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Now focus students’ attention on cross sections that are taken parallel to a solid’s base (for those solids that have bases). Ask students how cross sections can be used to differentiate between prisms and pyramids. (The cross sections of prisms taken parallel to the base are congruent to each other. The cross sections of pyramids taken parallel to the base are similar to each other.)
Speaking: MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To help students respond to the questions for discussion, provide sentence frames such as: “The cross sections of _____ taken parallel to the base are _____ because.…” As students share their responses, press for details by asking students how they know that the cross sections of prisms taken parallel to the base are congruent, while the cross sections of pyramids taken parallel to the base are similar. Ask students to distinguish the meanings of geometric congruence and similarity.
Design Principle(s): Support sense-making; Optimize output (for justification)
Engagement: Develop Effort and Persistence.
Encourage and support opportunities for peer interactions. Prior to the whole-class discussion, invite students to share their work with a partner. Display sentence frames to support student conversation such as: “I noticed _____ so I….”, “How do you know…?”, “That could/couldn’t be true because….”, and “I agree/disagree because….”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Social-emotional skills


aligns: yes