few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Concept/skill: 
Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem solves a real-world problem involving mixing ingredients for cookies. A student doing this problem would need to reason about equivalent ratios of butter amounts to sugar amounts.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
{"table": [{"_attributes": {"align": "center", "class": ["table", "table-bordered"], "style": "table-layout:fixed; width:70%"}, "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "No solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Exactly 1 solution"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "strong": [{"_value": "Infinite number of solutions"}]}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9=4x+7}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y=3y+5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${y={x\\over2}}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${3x+6y-9=0}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${x=y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${1.25x=1.25y}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9.9=6x+8y}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}]}, {"td": [{"p": [{"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=1.5}$$"}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["math-tex"]}, "_value": "$${11x-2y=2.5}$$"}]}]}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {"_attributes": {"style": "text-align:center"}}, {}]}]}]}]}
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Concept/skill: 
Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions.

Answer: 
No. Completing neither of these problems requires replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other equation.

Now, does the problem or activity shown below enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_pos_0

6

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001392_neg_0

8
standard_description: Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to observe and use the structure of diagrams to find areas of shaded regions with non-unit fraction side lengths. Students build on what they learned in the previous activity, solidifying their understanding of why the numerator of a product of two fractions is the product of the numerators and the denominator of a product of fractions is the product of the denominators.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Invite students to verbalize their strategy for writing multiplication expressions to represent the area of the shaded rectangle in each figure before they begin. Students can speak quietly to themselves, or share with a partner.
Supports accessibility for: Organization, Conceptual Processing, Language
Launch
Groups of 2
Activity
“Start working on completing the table independently. After a couple minutes, you'll work with your partner to complete the table and answer the rest of the questions.”
1–2 minutes: independent work time
5-8 minutes: partner work time
Monitor for students who:
notice the area of the shaded regions is always twentieths
write the expression
\(\frac{6}{5}\times\frac{4}{5}\)
to represent the shaded region of the last diagram in the table
explain that the expression
\(\frac{6\times4}{5\times4}\)
represents the shaded part of the last diagram in the table because
\(6\times4\)
represents the number of pieces that are shaded and
\(4 \times 5\)
represents the number of those pieces in the unit square
Student Facing
Complete the table.
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{"table": [{"_attributes": {"border": "1", "class": ["c-table-spread"]}, "thead": [{"tr": [{"th": [{"_attributes": {"scope": "col", "style": "width:45%"}, "_value": "diagram"}, {"_attributes": {"scope": "col", "style": "width:30%"}, "br": [{}], "_values": ["multiplication", "expression"]}, {"_attributes": {"scope": "col", "style": "width:25%"}, "br": [{}], "_values": ["shaded area", "(square units)"]}]}]}], "tbody": [{"tr": [{"td": [{"div": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["imgrid"]}, "div": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["g--row", "g--row-1"]}, "div": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["g--col-1", "g--column", "g--content", "g--full", "g--row-1"]}, "figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-tikz-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "149072", "data-record-model": "TikzFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}, "_value": "C"}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "Diagram. Square, length and width, 1. Partitioned into 4\u00a0rows of 5 of the same size rectangles. 20 rectangles shaded.", "role": "image", "src": "https://cms-im.s3.amazonaws.com/9mw9803l8i0vjwwj588r8xkqowrt?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22tikz-file-149072.svg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27tikz-file-149072.svg&response-content-type=image%2Fsvg%2Bxml&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXQCCIHWF3XOEFOW4%2F20240208%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240208T165553Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=80f7eec3ac67d9991858cc362c8526df4c2ac740536b8a7383a5ba2034426a7e"}}], "figcaption": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figcaption"]}}]}]}]}]}]}, {}, {}]}, {"td": [{"div": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["imgrid"]}, "div": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["g--row", "g--row-1"]}, "div": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["g--col-1", "g--column", "g--content", "g--full", "g--row-1"]}, "figure": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["embedded-content", "embedded-content-tikz-file", "embedded-content-image"], "data-embedder-target": "web", "data-record-id": "149073", "data-record-model": "TikzFile"}, "span": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figure__label"]}, "_value": "D"}], "img": [{"_attributes": {"alt": "Diagram. Rectangle. Length, 2. Width, 1. Partitioned into 4 rows of 10 of the same size rectangles. 24 rectangles shaded.", "role": "image", "src": "https://cms-im.s3.amazonaws.com/wy0o9qune26s9u7htzi5ilsfmts4?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22tikz-file-149073.svg%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27tikz-file-149073.svg&response-content-type=image%2Fsvg%2Bxml&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAXQCCIHWF3XOEFOW4%2F20240208%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240208T165553Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=57e693708d062f1a9de3113218a2c369f9dbe92ca8b9a751cd2729b2d6cbb65d"}}], "figcaption": [{"_attributes": {"class": ["c-figcaption"]}}]}]}]}]}]}, {}, {}]}]}]}]}
What patterns do you notice in the table?
Explain or show how the expression
\(\frac{6\times4}{5\times4}\)
represents the last diagram in the table.
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students do not explain that the product of the numerators represents the number of pieces in the shaded region and the product of the denominators represents the number of pieces in the whole, consider asking: “What is the same and what is different about diagrams A and B?”
Activity Synthesis
Ask previously selected students to share their reasoning.
“How do the expressions in the table represent the number of pieces shaded in and the size of the pieces shaded in?” (If we multiply the numerators, we get the number of pieces that are shaded in. If we multiply the denominators, we get the size of the pieces.)
Refer to diagrams and draw on each diagram to show how the multiplication of the numerators and denominators represents the number of shaded pieces and the size of the shaded pieces (that is, the number of those pieces in the whole).


aligns: no