standard_description: Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which theoretical probabilities can be calculated; find the expected value. For example, find the theoretical probability distribution for the number of correct answers obtained by guessing on all five questions of a multiple-choice test where each question has four choices, and find the expected grade under various grading schemes.
problem_activity: Optional activity
If students investigated the answers to their questions in the previous activity, they need access to their findings. They can either work with the questions generated by their group, or everyone can work from a master list of questions compiled by the teacher.
If students have access to a spreadsheet program, they can use it to find the results (MP5). Students need to communicate their findings clearly in graphical displays (MP6). They can choose to illustrate all or some of the questions in their graphical displays. Encourage the students to be creative with their displays. For example, if students are examining the question “How many people would live on each continent?” they might sketch the continents and place stick figures on the continents to represent the class. They might also draw a bar graph showing the same information in a different way.
Launch
Students work in same groups of 2–4 from previous activity. Provide access to four-function calculators. If students are doing their own research, provide access to internet-enabled devices. If conducting a gallery walk at the end, provide access to tools for making a visual display.
To give students a sense of the magnitude of the world versus the classroom, consider zooming in from Earth to North America, the United States, your state, your city, and finally your school.
Invite students to work on the question or questions that are of most interest to them either from their own group work on from the compiled list.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
To support development of organizational skills, check in with students within the first 2–3 minutes of work time. Check to make sure students are beginning to choose characteristics about the world’s population that are available to find, and that they can calculate percentages for the class for those characteristics.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Organization
Student Facing
Suppose your class represents all the people in the world.
Choose several characteristics about the world’s population that you have investigated. Find the number of students in
your
class that would have the same characteristics.
Create a visual display that includes a diagram that represents this information. Give your display the title “If Our Class Were the World.”
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
Students may struggle with the difficult numbers for the percent of the world population with different characteristics. For example, there are about 1.2 billion people living in Africa. Ask them  to calculate
\(1.2 \div 7.4 \approx 0.162\)
. "What percent of the world population this is?" (16%). "If our class were the world, then about 16% of the class would live in Africa.  So how many students in our class would live in Africa?" (Since 16% of 25 is 4, that means that 4 students in our class would live in Africa.)
In some cases, there might be two acceptable answers to how many students in our class have a certain characteristic. About 10% of the world population is in Europe. For our class, we could have 2 students (8%) or 3 students (12%) that are in Europe. Either one is an acceptable answer. Make sure that students understand that 2.5 (10% of 25) is not a reasonable answer.
Activity Synthesis
Invite groups to share their displays. Consider doing a gallery walk and asking:
Were you surprised by any of your findings?
In what ways is the class actually representative of the world? (possibly gender distribution, religious adherence, etc.)
In what ways is it not? (age, place of residence, access to clean water, etc.)
Make sure to highlight the fact that having a small class limits the percentages that are possible. This can make deciding how many students in the class have a particular characteristic difficult. Consider asking:
What percentages are possible for students in the class? (0, 4, 8, . . . multiples of 4 up to 100)
There are 1 billion people living in the Americas. That’s a little more than 13.5% of the world population. If our class was the world, how many students in our class would be from the Americas? (3 students would be 12%, and 4 would be 16%. So 3 students is as close as we can get.)


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