few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
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Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

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fl_problem_001097_neg_0

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standard_description: Given a two-digit number, mentally find 10 more or 10 less than the number, without having to count; explain the reasoning used.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to draw arrays from a given arrangements of dots. Students draw an array from dots in equal groups to reinforce the definition of an array and then draw as many arrays as they can from 16 randomly placed dots. Having cubes or counters for students to physically rearrange would be helpful in this activity.
MLR8 Discussion Supports.
To support partner discussion, display the following sentence frames: “This array matches the diagram because . . .”, and “This array shows multiplication because . . . .”
Advances: Conversing, Representing
Required Materials
Materials to Gather
Connecting cubes or counters
Launch
Groups of 2
Give students access to connecting cubes or counters.
Activity
“Work independently to draw a way that the first group of dots in problem 1 could be arranged into an array.”
2 minutes: independent work time
“Discuss how you arranged your dots and how the array is related to multiplication with your partner.”
1 minute: partner discussion
“How did you rearrange the dots to make an array?” (Since there were 3 in each group, I put 3 dots in each row. I saw 2 groups of 6, so I made 2 rows of 6.)
Consider asking:
“Did anyone create a different array?”
“Now you are going to make as many arrays as you can from 16 dots.”
2–3 minutes: independent work time
“Share how you rearranged the dots into arrays with your partner. See if together you can come up with any other arrays.”
3–5 minutes: partner work time
Student Facing
Draw 1 way the dots could be rearranged into an array.
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Explain or show how the array is related to multiplication.
Draw ways that the dots could be arranged into arrays. Draw as many ways as you can.
[IMG]
Explain or show how each array is related to multiplication.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
“What kinds of equal groups did you make from 16 dots? How can you see the equal groups in the arrays you made?” (I can make 2 groups of 8. I drew it as 2 rows of 8 dots.)


aligns: no