few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Concept/skill: 
Understand a fraction as a number on the number line; represent fractions on a number line diagram.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Answer: 
No. Completing this task does not involve representing fractions on a number line diagram.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Concept/skill: 
Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

Answer: 
Yes. This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

im_task_000157_neg_0

3

fl_problem_000674_pos_0

5
standard_description: Use special triangles to determine geometrically the values of sine, cosine, tangent for π/3, π/4 and π/6, and use the unit circle to express the values of sine, cosines, and tangent for π–x, π+x, and 2π–x in terms of their values for x, where x is any real number.
problem_activity: Activity
Continuing the thinking from the warm-up, students now compare three functions whose graphs are vertical translations from one another and generalize their observations of the graphs and data tables into equations where one function is defined in terms of another.
Monitor for students making connections between representations as they write an equation for
\(g(x)\)
in terms of
\(h(x)\)
. For example, students may:
compare the graphs of
\(g\)
and
\(h\)
, perhaps sketching them on the same axes and then measuring the vertical distance between them
calculate the difference between the outputs from the table
combine the equation they wrote for
\(g(x)\)
in terms of
\(f(x)\)
and
\(h(x)=f(x)-2.5\)
to rewrite
\(g(x)\)
in terms of
\(h(x)\)
Launch
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Chunk this task into more manageable parts. Check in with students after the first 2–3 minutes of work time to look for students who notice the constant difference between the outputs of
\(f(x)\)
and
\(g(x)\)
. Check to make sure that students are filling out the
\(g(x)\)
column of the table correctly.
Supports accessibility for: Conceptual processing; Organization
Student Facing
The graph of function
\(g\)
is a vertical translation of the graph of polynomial
\(f\)
.
[IMG]
[IMG]
Complete the
\(g(x)\)
column of the table.
If
\(f(0) = \text-0.86\)
, what is
\(g(0)\)
? Explain how you know.
Write an equation for
\(g(x)\)
in terms of
\(f(x)\)
for any input
\(x\)
.
The function
\(h\)
can be written in terms of
\(f\)
as
\(h(x)=f(x)-2.5\)
. Complete the
\(h(x)\)
column of the table.
| \(x\) | \(f(x)\) | \(g(x)\) | \(h(x)=f(x)-2.5\) |
|-------|----------|----------|-------------------|
|  -4   |    0     |          |                   |
|  -3   |   -5.8   |          |                   |
| -0.7  |    0     |          |                   |
|  1.2  |   -3.3   |          |                   |
|   2   |    0     |          |                   |
Sketch the graph of function
\(h\)
.
[IMG]
Write an equation for
\(g(x)\)
in terms of
\(h(x)\)
for any input
\(x\)
.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
A key takeaway from this discussion is that students understand that a vertical translation from one graph to another corresponds to constant differences between the outputs of the functions for the same input. We can then generalize these point by point comparisons using function notation, where adding or subtracting from the output of the function resulting in a vertical translation of its graph.
Select previously identified students to share the connections they made between the representations in the order listed in the Activity Narrative. If time allows and no students used the equations for
\(g(x)\)
and
\(h(x)\)
in terms of
\(f(x)\)
to write a new equation for
\(g(x)\)
in terms of
\(h(x)\)
, invite them to do so now.


aligns: no