few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
 Arrange the fractions in order from least to greatest. Explain your answer with a picture.
 $\frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{7}, \frac{1}{3} $
 $\frac{2}{5}, \frac{2}{7}, \frac{2}{3} $
 $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{3}{6}, \frac{1}{6} $
 $\frac{5}{12}, \frac{8}{12}, \frac{4}{12} $

Concept/skill: 
Explain equivalence of fractions in special cases, and compare fractions by reasoning about their size.
 Grade 3 expectations in this domain are limited to fractions with denominators 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.

Answer: 
Yes. By arranging the fractions in this problem, students learn to compare fractions by reasoning about their size.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
Solve using the standard algorithm. If you get stuck, use an area model and/or the partial products algorithm to help. Then assess the reasonableness of your answer.
a.
$$5,803\times46$$
b.
$$63\times2,116$$
Problem 2
Dunkin' introduced a croissant doughnut in 2014. In the first three months of its debut, they sold 7,870 dozen of them per day. How many croissant doughnuts were sold in the first three months?


Concept/skill: 
Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

Answer: 
Yes. This set of problems involves multi-digit whole numbers because the numbers in each problem are four and two digit integers, and the mathematical calculations involved in both problems focus on multiplication. The first problem explicitly asks the student to solve its subproblems using the standard algorithm.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: im_task_001477_neg_0

K

im_task_000157_pos_0

3

fl_problem_000674_pos_0

5
standard_description: Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by:
- Reporting the number of observations.
- Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement.
- Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered.
- Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered.
problem_activity: Activity
In a previous lesson, students had a primer on histograms—how they are drawn, how they differ from dot plots, and what information they can tell us. In this activity, students practice drawing a histogram for a given data set and using it to answer statistical questions. To help students understand the lengths involved in the data set, students are asked to draw various lengths used to group the worms in the first histogram.
As students organize the data set and draw their histogram, notice any challenges or questions students come across. If a question is raised by multiple groups, consider discussing it with the whole class. Also pay attention to how students use the histogram to identify a “typical” length—some might describe it in terms of the size of the bins (e.g., “a typical length is between 20 and 40 mm”); others might choose a value within a bin or a boundary between bins. Invite them to share their reasonings later.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Provide access to centimeter rulers.
Consider giving students a brief overview of the context for the problems in the activity. Tell students that there are nearly 6,000 species of earthworms in the world.  Some earthworms help the environment, while others (generally not native to the region in which they are found) may harm the environment.  Earthworms that are native to a particular region of the world are often raised, by farmers, in terrariums (a container or bin similar to an aquarium but it contains soil and leaves). The terrarium-raised earthworms provide bait for people who fish, provide food for various wildlife, and decompose food waste into soil.  Food waste and water are added to the terrariums as food for raising and growing worms.  Soil produced by the worms as they eat the food waste is often used as fertilizer.
Explain that the lengths of the worms in the bins provide information about the ages of the worms, which can be useful for the farmer. In this activity, students will organize the lengths of the earthworms in several terrariums or bins.
Give students 8–10 minutes of quiet work time, and then 3–4 minutes to discuss their work and complete the activity with a partner.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Activate or supply background knowledge by demonstrating how to use a ruler to draw a line segment for a given length.
Supports accessibility for: Memory; Conceptual processing
Student Facing
An earthworm farmer set up several containers of a certain species of earthworms so that he could learn about their lengths. The lengths of the earthworms provide information about their ages. The farmer measured the lengths of 25 earthworms in one of the containers. Each length was measured in millimeters.
[IMG]
Using a ruler, draw a line segment for each length:
20 millimeters
40 millimeters
60 millimeters
80 millimeters
100 millimeters
Here are the lengths, in millimeters, of the 25 earthworms.
6
11
18
19
20
23
23
25
25
26
27
27
28
29
32
33
41
42
48
52
54
59
60
77
93
Complete the table for the lengths of the 25 earthworms.
|                   length                    | frequency |
|---------------------------------------------|-----------|
|  0 millimeters to less than 20 millimeters  |           |
| 20 millimeters to less than 40 millimeters  |           |
| 40 millimeters to less than 60 millimeters  |           |
| 60 millimeters to less than 80 millimeters  |           |
| 80 millimeters to less than 100 millimeters |           |
Use the grid and the information in the table to draw a histogram for the worm length data. Be sure to label the axes of your histogram.
[IMG]
Based on the histogram, what is a typical length for these 25 earthworms? Explain how you know.
Write 1–2 sentences to describe the spread of the data. Do most of the worms have a length that is close to your estimate of a typical length, or are they very different in length?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
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for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Here is another histogram for the earthworm measurement data. In this histogram, the measurements are in different groupings.
[IMG]
Based on this histogram, what is your estimate of a typical length for the 25 earthworms?
Compare this histogram with the one you drew. How are the distributions of data summarized in the two histograms the same? How are they different?
Compare your estimates of a typical earthworm length for the two histograms. Did you reach different conclusions about a typical earthworm length from the two histograms?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
When determining frequencies of data values, students might lose track of their counting. Suggest that they use tally marks to keep track of the number of occurrences for each bin.
When drawing the histogram, students might mistakenly use bar graphs as a reference and leave spaces between the bars. Ask them to look at the bars in other histograms they have seen so far and to think about what the gaps might mean considering that the bars are built on a number line.
Activity Synthesis
Ask one or two students to display their completed histograms for all to see and briefly describe the overall distribution. Then, select a few other previously identified students to share their responses and explanations for the last two questions.
Focus the discussion on how identifying center and spread using a histogram is different than doing so using a dot plot. Discuss:
“In a histogram, are we able to see clusters of values in the distribution?”
“Can we see the largest and smallest values? Can we tell the overall spread?”
“How do we identify the center of a distribution?”
From the various estimates that students give for a typical earthworm length (and from earlier exercises), students should begin to see that identifying a typical value of a distribution is not a straightforward or precise process so far. Explain that in upcoming lessons they will explore how to describe a typical value and characterize a distribution more systematically.
Representing, Conversing: MLR7 Compare and Connect.
As the selected students show and describe their histograms, invite pairs to discuss: “What is the same and what is different?” about their own histograms and reasoning. This will help students better understand there are multiple valid ways for describing center and spread.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness; Support sense-making


aligns: no