few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
You’re mixing ingredients for cookies. The recipe says to combine 6 tablespoons, or ¾ stick, of butter with 1 cup of sugar. You accidentally mix in a whole stick of butter (8 tablespoons) with the cup of sugar. How can you fix this?


Concept/skill: 
Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Answer: 
No. Usually problems that teach recognizing and representing proportional relationships between quantities involve deciding whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship or identifying the constant of proportionality, and then representing proportional relationships by equations or explaining proportional relationship using coordinate graphs.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Problem 1
The table below contains single equations in a single variable, single equations in two variables, and pairs of simultaneous equations in two variables. Check the appropriate box to show whether there is no solution, exactly 1 solution, or if there is an infinite number of solutions.
|                                                          | **           No solution          ** | **           Exactly 1 solution          ** | **           Infinite number of solutions          ** |
|----------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
|                       $${9=4x+7}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                       $${y=3y+5}$$                       |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                    $${y={x\over2}}$$                     |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|                     $${3x+6y-9=0}$$                      |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
|    $${x=y}$$                        $${1.25x=1.25y}$$    |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${9.9=6x+8y}$$                        $${9x=2.5y-8.8}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
| $${11x-2y=1.5}$$                        $${11x-2y=2.5}$$ |                                      |                                             |                                                       |
Problem 2
Kim has a small container and a large container as shown.
[IMG]
It takes 16 of the small containers to fill the large container. Three small containers leave 1.95 gallons of space in the big container.
What is the size of each of the two containers?


Concept/skill: 
Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations.

Answer: 
Yes. The last three rows of the table in the first problem involves solving pairs of simultaneous linear equations. The second word problem can also be represented as two simultaneous linear equations.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: fl_problem_000972_neg_0

6

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001392_pos_0

8
standard_description: Use data from a random sample to draw inferences about a population with an unknown characteristic of interest. Generate multiple samples (or simulated samples) of the same size to gauge the variation in estimates or predictions. For example, estimate the mean word length in a book by randomly sampling words from the book; predict the winner of a school election based on randomly sampled survey data. Gauge how far off the estimate or prediction might be.
problem_activity: Activity
The mathematical purpose of this activity is to give students a chance to practice finding data displays that represent the distribution of the same data set and using precise vocabulary for describing the shape of the distributions while taking turns matching cards. Students trade roles explaining their thinking and listening, providing opportunities to explain their reasoning and critique the reasoning of others (MP3).
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Display the images of the dot plot and histogram. Ask students what they notice and wonder.
[IMG]
[IMG]
If it does not come up, help students notice that these two data displays show the same data in different formats. They can also be described as skewed right.
Give each group a set of cut-up cards. Explain that a match is two different displays that represent the distribution of the same set of data. Ask students to take turns: the first partner identifies a match, explains why they think it is a match, then describes the distribution while the other student listens and works to understand. Then they switch roles.
Student Facing
Take turns with your partner matching 2 different data displays that represent the distribution of the same set of data.
For each set that you find, explain to your partner how you know it’s a match.
For each set that your partner finds, listen carefully to their explanation. If you disagree, discuss your thinking and work to reach an agreement.
When finished with all ten matches, describe the shape of each distribution.
Student Response
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Anticipated Misconceptions
For students having trouble with the uniform distribution histograms, remind them that the lower bound for each interval is included and the upper bound is not. Ask them why this might change the last bar in each of these histograms. Some students may not know where to start to match data displays. You can tell them to look at the lowest and highest values as a starting point to finding similarities between two representations.
Activity Synthesis
Once all groups have completed the matching, discuss the following:
“Which matches were tricky? Explain why.” (The uniform distributions may be difficult.)
“What vocabulary was useful to describe the shape of the distribution?” (symmetric, skewed, uniform, bimodal, bell-shaped)
“Were there any matches that could be described by more than one of these vocabulary terms?” (Yes, symmetric or skewed can also be used with some of the other terms for some of the distributions.)
If necessary, ask students to revoice less formal descriptions of the shape of the distribution using formal language including:
Symmetric distribution
Skewed distribution
Uniform distribution
Bimodal distribution
Bell-shaped distribution
Speaking, Listening: MLR 7 Compare and Connect.
Ask students to prepare a visual display of their sorted cards. As students investigate each others’ work, ask students to share what worked well in a particular approach. Listen for and amplify any comments about the use of the words symmetric, skewed, bimodal, bell-shaped, and uniform to compare the two different displays. Then encourage students to make connections between the various ways to describe the different distributions. Revoice language students use to explain that the two different displays are equivalent. This will foster students’ meta-awareness and support constructive conversations as they compare and connect data displays that represent the same distribution.
Design Principle(s): Cultivate conversation; Maximize meta-awareness
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Provide students with a graphic organizer with the phrase “shapes of distributions” at the center, connecting to it all the related concepts mentioned during the discussion.
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization


aligns: no