few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.

Answer: 
Yes. This problem involves understanding fractions and division to divide rational numbers, such as 1, -4, 4, and -1. This problem also involves an understanding of multiplication: if p and q are integers, then -(p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q).

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

fl_problem_001097_pos_0

7

fl_problem_001894_pos_0

HS_0
standard_description: Use addition and subtraction within 100 to solve one- and two-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this activity is for students to solve two-step problems without the scaffold of having the first step explicitly stated. Students solve in a way that makes sense to them and might use diagrams to help them make sense of the story. In the synthesis, the tape diagram is highlighted.
MLR7 Compare and Connect.
Synthesis: Invite group to prepare a visual display that shows the strategy they used to solve the story problems. Encourage students to include details that will help others interpret their thinking. For example, using labels, notes, diagrams, or drawings. Give students time to investigate each other’s work. During the whole-class discussion, ask students, “What did the representations have in common?”, “How were they different?” and “Did anyone solve the problem the same way, but would explain it differently?”
Advances: Representing, Conversing
Launch
Groups of 2
“With a partner, choose a problem from the first activity to solve. Discuss how the diagram can help you think about the problem.”
4 minutes: partner work time
Activity
“Now you will be solving a few money problems on your own.”
“Use a diagram if it helps you make sense of the story.”
10 minutes: independent work time
Monitor for students who use a diagram to represent and solve the problem about Tyler, Andre, and Noah.
Student Facing
For each problem, show your thinking. Write your final answer using the \$. Use a diagram if it helps.
Mai has \$27, Elena has \$48, and Jada has \$16. How much money do they have altogether?
Tyler has \$45, Andre has \$36, and Noah has \$28. How much less money does Tyler have than Andre and Noah combined?
Lin has \$19. Together, Lin and Han have \$45. Then Han gets \$17 more. How much money does Han have now?
Student Response
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Advancing Student Thinking
If students want to represent the story with a diagram or equation but need support to start, consider asking:
“What is the story about? How could you break the problem into smaller parts?”
“How could you use a diagram or equation to represent the smaller parts?”
Activity Synthesis
Invite previously identified students to share the diagram for comparing Tyler's money to Andre's and Noah's money.
“How does this diagram represent the story?” (It shows Tyler's amount and then the combined amount of Andre and Noah. I can see that Tyler has less than Andre and Noah and that I need to add Andre's amount and Noah's amount and then subtract Tyler's amount from that.)


aligns: yes