few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Prove the addition and subtraction formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent and use them to solve problems.

Answer: 
Yes. An initial step when solving for x in this problem requires the use of the addition formula for cosine on the left side of the equation.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
Task
Solve the quadratic equation
$$ x^2 = (2x - 9)^2 $$
using as many different methods as possible.


Concept/skill: 
Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line).

Answer: 
No. This task does not involve an equation in two variables. There is only one variable, x.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Task
Suppose $A$ is an angle with vertex $P$, as pictured below:
[IMG]
Draw a circle with center $P$ and with  radius $r \gt 0$.  Explain why the circle
meets each ray of angle $A$ in a single point.  Label these points $Q$ and $R$ respectively.
Draw circles with centers $Q$ and $R$ respectively and radius $r$.  These circles meet at $P$ and a second point to be labelled $B$.
Show that ray $\overrightarrow{PB}$  bisects angle $P$.


Concept/skill: 
Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the circle.

Answer: 
No. This task does not involve drawing lines that are tangent to circles. The only line that may be drawn is the ray between points P and B.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: fl_problem_001894_pos_0

HS_0

im_task_000870_neg_0

HS_1

im_task_001160_neg_0

HS_2
standard_description: Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
problem_activity: Activity
In this activity, students see that taking the square root of each side of an equation doesn’t necessarily preserve solutions like other algebraic moves they have used in the past.
Launch
Arrange students in groups of 2. Encourage students to discuss their responses with a partner as they work. If they disagree with their partner, they should work to reach agreement.
Writing, Listening, Conversing: MLR1 Stronger and Clearer Each Time.
Use this routine to help students improve their written responses for Priya’s question. Give students time to meet with 2–3 partners to share and receive feedback on their responses. Display feedback prompts that will help students strengthen their ideas and clarify their language. For example, “How do the graphs show that there are two solutions?”, “What is the definition of a square root?”, and “What happened when Tyler took the square root of each side?” Invite students to go back and revise or refine their written responses based on the feedback from peers. This will help students justify why the equation
\(x^2-1=3\)
must have two solutions.
Design Principle(s): Optimize output (for justification); Cultivate conversation
Student Facing
Tyler was solving this equation:
\(\displaystyle x^2 - 1 = 3\)
He said, “I can add 1 to each side of the equation and it doesn’t change the equation. I get
\(x^2 = 4\)
.”
Priya said, “It does change the equation. It just doesn’t change the solutions!” Then she showed these two graphs.
Figure A
[IMG]
Figure B
[IMG]
How can you see the solution to the equation
\(x^2 - 1 = 3\)
in Figure A?
How can you see the solution to the equation
\(x^2 = 4\)
in Figure B?
Use the graphs to explain why the equations have the same solutions.
Tyler said, “Now I can take the square root of each side to get the solution to
\(x^2 = 4\)
. The square root of
\(x^2\)
is
\(x\)
. The square root of 4 is 2.” He wrote:
\(\begin{align}x^2 &= 4\\ \sqrt{x^2} &= \sqrt{4} \\ x &= 2 \end{align}\)
Priya said, “But the graphs show that there are
two
solutions!” What went wrong?
Student Response
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for free access to Student Response.
Activity Synthesis
Invite students to share their responses. Discuss the connection between the graphs and the solutions to the equations. The important idea is that the operation of taking the square root results in a positive number, but there are two square roots of every non-zero number, one positive and one negative. This means that when Tyler takes the square root of both sides of the equation, he does not get an equivalent equation. To find all possible solutions, he should remember that
\(x^2\)
has two roots,
\(x\)
and
\(\text-x\)
, and that 4 has two square roots, 2 and -2. This gives him the pair of equations
\(x=2\)
and
\(x=\text-2\)
.
Representation: Internalize Comprehension.
Use color-coding and annotations to highlight connections between representations in a problem. As students share their reasoning about the solutions to the equations, scribe their thinking on a visible display. Use the same color to highlight the connection between the graphs and the solutions to the equations.
Supports accessibility for: Visual-spatial processing; Conceptual processing


aligns: no