few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Answer: 
No. Though this task involves addition, it does not involve any word problems.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: im_task_001477_neg_0

K

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001894_neg_0

HS_0
standard_description: Use data from a randomized experiment to compare two treatments; use simulations to decide if differences between parameters are significant.
problem_activity: Warm-up
In this warm-up, students use their understanding of normal distributions to determine whether the difference is likely due to the random groupings or the treatment.
Student Facing
A scientist divides 30 strawberry plants into two groups at random. One group of 15 plants will represent the control group and is grown in standard greenhouse conditions. The second group of 15 plans will represent the treatment group and will grow under the same conditions except they are grown in a different type of soil. After 6 weeks, the total weight (in grams) of the strawberries are measured for each plant. The scientist then performs a randomized experiment to compare the groups.
The data are summarized by these statistics and histogram.
Mean for the control group: 238.67 grams
Mean for the group with different soil: 347.47 grams
Mean of differences in means from randomized groupings: -0.540 grams
Standard deviation of differences in means from randomized groupings: 29.83 grams
[IMG]
Is there evidence that the difference in means from the original groupings is due to the different soil or is it likely that the difference is due to the way the plants were grouped? Explain your reasoning.
Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
The purpose of the discussion is to recall how the mean and standard deviation determine a normal distribution which can then be used to determine whether the observed difference in means is likely due to the random groupings or whether there is evidence that it is due to the treatment.
Ask students,
"Why is it useful to know the standard deviation for the differences in means from randomized groupings?" (This number gives a sense of how spread out we expect the differences to get based on the groupings. It can be used to determine a normal distribution to determine how likely it is that the observed difference in means is due to chance groupings.)
"How could the 'mean of differences in means from randomized groupings' be calculated using the original data?" (Redistribute the original data into two groups using a chance process to create new randomized groupings. Find the mean of each group and record the difference in means. Repeat the process many times to collect many differences in means for the groups. Find the mean of those recorded differences.)


aligns: yes