few_shots: 
Example 1:
Problem/activity:
Task
Materials
One 10-frame per pair of students (see example below)
[IMG]
Counters, 10 per pair of students
Decks of number cards 0-5 (with 4 of each number) or two 0-5 dice
Setup
This activity is done in pairs. The students sit side by side with 10-frame and deck of cards or dice. If they have cards, the cards are shuffled and placed face down in front of them.
Action
Player 1 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many counters on the 10-frame. Player 2 flips a card or rolls the die. They place that many more counters on the 10-frame next to the counters already on the ten frame. The students count the total together.
A recording sheet can be added when the students have been introduced to equations and number sentences. For those students who can handle higher numbers, a deck of 0-10 cards and two 10-frames can be used.
This game can also be played alone.


Concept/skill: 
Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Answer: 
Yes. This task involves representing addition with objects such as number cards and dice.

Example 2:
Problem/activity:
For each pair of numbers, determine if the values are equivalent. Explain your reasoning for each one.
a.
$$-0.25$$
and
$$\frac{1}{-4}$$
b.
$$-\left ( \frac{1}{4} \right )$$
and
$$\frac{-1}{-4}$$
c.
$$\frac{-1}{4}$$
and
$$-\frac{1}{4}$$


Concept/skill: 
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

Answer: 
No. The expressions shown in this problem do not involve multiplying fractions with other fractions, nor whole numbers with fractions.

Example 3:
Problem/activity:
Find the general solution for:
$${\mathrm{cos}\left({\pi\over2}+x\right)=\mathrm{tan}{\pi\over4}}$$


Concept/skill: 
Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Answer: 
No. This problem does not directly teach how side ratios in right triangles lead to definitions of trigonometric ratios. Instead, it involves solving a trigonometric function.

Now, does the following problem or activity enable students to learn the full intent of the following concept or skill?

shot_info: im_task_001477_pos_0

K

fl_problem_001097_neg_0

7

fl_problem_001894_neg_0

HS_0
standard_description: Develop a probability model and use it to find probabilities of events. Compare probabilities from a model to observed frequencies; if the agreement is not good, explain possible sources of the discrepancy.
problem_activity: Activity
This activity is an opportunity for students to practice rewriting expressions using the distributive property. It is a step up from the same type of work in grade 6 because arithmetic with signed numbers is required.
The row with
\(6a-2b\)
is designed to allow students to figure out how to factor by reasoning based on structure they already understand, instead of learning how to factor based on a procedure that a teacher demonstrates first. The rows with
\(k(4 - 17)\)
and
\(10a-13a\)
are designed to prepare students for combining like terms in the next lesson.
Launch
Draw students’ attention to the organizers that appear above the table, and tell them that these correspond to the first three rows in the table. Let them know that they are encouraged to draw more organizers like this for other rows as needed.
Arrange students in groups of 2. Instruct them to take turns writing an equivalent expression for each row. One partner writes the equivalent expression and explains their reasoning while the other listens. If the partner disagrees, they work to resolve the discrepancy before moving to the next row.
Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions.
Provide students with blank diagrams to organize their work for the factored and expanded expressions. Include example diagrams labeled “expanded” and “factored.”
Supports accessibility for: Language; Organization
Student Facing
In each row, write the equivalent expression. If you get stuck, use a diagram to organize your work. The first row is provided as an example. Diagrams are provided for the first three rows.
[IMG]
|       factored        |      expanded      |
|-----------------------|--------------------|
| \(\text- 3(5 - 2y)\)  | \(\text- 15 + 6y\) |
|      \(5(a-6)\)       |                    |
|                       |     \(6a-2b\)      |
|  \(\text- 4(2w-5z)\)  |                    |
|  \(\text- (2x-3y)\)   |                    |
|                       |  \(20x-10y+15z\)   |
|      \(k(4-17)\)      |                    |
|                       |    \(10a-13a\)     |
|  \(\text- 2x(3y-z)\)  |                    |
|                       |   \(ab-bc-3bd\)    |
| \(\text- x(3y-z+4w)\) |                    |
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Student Response.
Student Facing
Are you ready for more?
Expand to create an equivalent expression that uses the fewest number of terms:
\(\left(\left(\left(\left(x\strut+1\right)\frac12\right)+1\right)\frac12\right)+1\)
. If we wrote a new expression following the same pattern so that there were 20 sets of parentheses, how could it be expanded into an equivalent expression that uses the fewest number of terms?
Student Response
Teachers with a valid work email address can
click here to register or sign in
for free access to Extension Student Response.
Anticipated Misconceptions
If students are unsure how to proceed, remind them of tools and understandings they have seen recently that would be helpful. For example, “Draw an organizer and think about how the organizer represents terms in the expression.” Also, “Rewrite subtraction as adding the opposite.”
Activity Synthesis
Much of the discussion will take place in small groups. Display the correct equivalent expressions and work to resolve any discrepancies. Expanding the term
\(\text-(2x-3y)\)
may require particular care. One way to interpret it is to rewrite as
\(\text-1 \boldcdot (2x-3y).\)
If any confusion about handling subtraction arises, encourage students to employ the strategy of rewriting subtraction as adding the opposite.
To wrap up the activity, ask:
“Which rows did you and your partner disagree about? How did you resolve the disagreement?”
“Which rows are you the most unsure about?”
“Describe a process or procedure for taking a factored expression and writing its corresponding expanded expression.”
“Describe a process or procedure for taking an expanded expression and writing its corresponding factored expression.”
Writing: MLR3 Clarify, Critique, Correct.
Present an incorrect response for one of the expanded expressions in the table. For example, “An equivalent expression for
\(6a − 2b\)
is
\(4(a−b)\)
because
\(6−2\)
is 4 and
\((a−b)\)
is left on its own.” Prompt students to clarify any of the language and reasoning in the incorrect response and then to identify the error(s). Invite students to work with a partner to write a correct response. This helps students evaluate and improve on the written mathematical arguments of others.
Design Principle(s): Maximize meta-awareness


aligns: no