standard_description: Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide. (Students need not use formal terms for these properties.) ^( )Examples: If 6 × 4 = 24 is known, then 4 × 6 = 24 is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) 3 × 5 × 2 can be found by 3 × 5 = 15, then 15 × 2 = 30, or by 5 × 2 = 10, then 3 × 10 = 30. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that 8 × 5 = 40 and 8 × 2 = 16, one can find 8 × 7 as 8 × (5 + 2) = (8 × 5) + (8 × 2) = 40 + 16 = 56. (Distributive property.)
problem_activity: Narrative
The purpose of this warm-up is to elicit students’ prior knowledge of area and the idea that a rectangle can be decomposed into smaller rectangular regions. Students look at 4 different area diagrams they used in grade 3. The reasoning here will be useful when students use diagrams to multiply two- and one-digit numbers in a later activity. While students may notice and wonder many things about the number of units within the area of the gridded region, focus on the connections between the diagrams with a grid and those without.
Launch
Groups of 2
Display the image.
“What do you notice? What do you wonder?”
1 minute: quiet think time
Activity
“Discuss your thinking with your partner.”
1 minute: partner discussion
Share and record responses.
Student Facing
What do you notice? What do you wonder?
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Student Response
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Activity Synthesis
“What do you know about the 13 and 4 in the first ungridded rectangle?” (They are side lengths. They correspond to the number of squares across and the number of squares down in the first rectangle.)
“What about the 10, 3, and 4 in the second ungridded rectangle?” (The 10 and 3 are numbers that add up to 13. The 4 is the length of the shorter side.)
“How are the four diagrams related? Name as many connections as you see.” (Sample responses:
They all represent the same rectangle. They have the same side lengths and the same area.
The first two show the number of square units that fit in the rectangle. The last two don’t show it but we can tell by multiplying the side lengths.
The shaded portion in the second gridded rectangles shows the
\(4 \times 10\)
portion in the fourth rectangle.)
If no students mentioned the area of the rectangles in their analysis, ask: “How might we find the area of the rectangles?” (For the gridded rectangles, we can count the unit squares or multiply the number of units across and down. For the other two, we can multiply the side lengths.)


aligns: no