Polyphosphate Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis Figure 9. Poly P improved intestinal injury and survival rate of mice treated with a lethal dose of DSS. (A) Survival of 4% DSS administered C57Bl/6 mice challenged intrarectally with 10 mg/100 mL of poly P or 100 mL of PBS once a day throughout the experimental period (n = 5, each group). (B–D) Representative picture of a colon and average colon length (B), representative colon histopathology and histological score (C) and cytokines, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12a and IL-4 expression in the colon (D) of C57Bl/6 mice, which were orally administered 0% (normal) or 3% DSS, challenged intrarectally with 10 mg/100 mL of poly P or 100 mL of PBS (vehicle) once a day for 7 days (n = 5, each group). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023278.g009 Louis Park, MN) and anti-integrin b3, rabbit-poly (Ab-773, Enogene, New York, NY). After deparaffinization and rehydra- tion, endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 0.6% H2O2 in methanol for 25 min. The slides were then treated with the antigen-retrieval technique based on microwave oven heating in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for 20 min. The container was PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 13 August 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 8 | e23278