474 Follesa P, Concas A et al (2001) Role of allopregnanolone in regulation of GABA(A) receptor plasticity during long-term exposure to and withdrawal from progesterone. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 37(1–3):81–90 Follesa P, Biggio F et al (2004) Modulation of GABA(A) receptor gene expression by allopregnanolone and ethanol. Eur J Pharmacol 500(1–3):413–425 Friel PN, Baer JS et al (1995) Variability of ethanol absorption and breath concentrations during a large-scale alcohol administration study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19(4):1055–1060 Hieda Y, Takeshita H et al (2005) A fatal case of pure ethanol ingestion. Forensic Sci Int 149(2–3):243–247 Hofman D, Schutter DJ (2009) Inside the wire: aggression and functional interhemispheric connectivity in the human brain. Psychophysiology 46:1054–1058 Hommer DW (2003) Male and female sensitivity to alcohol-induced brain damage. Alcohol Res Health 27(2):181–185 Hommer D, Momenan R et al (1996) Decreased corpus callosum size among alcoholic women. Arch Neurol 53(4):359–363 Hommer D, Momenan R et al (2001) Evidence for a gender-related effect of alcoholism on brain volumes. Am J Psychiatry 158 (2):198–204 Izumi Y, Murayama K et al (2007) GABAergic neurosteroids mediate the effects of ethanol on long-term potentiation in rat hippocam- pal slices. Eur J NeuroSci 26(7):1881–1888 Jentsch JD, Taylor JR (1999) Impulsivity resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction in drug abuse: implications for the control of behavior by reward-related stimuli. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 146(4):373–390 Kähkönen S, Kesaniemi M et al (2001) Ethanol modulates cortical activity: direct evidence with combined TMS and EEG. Neuro- image 14(2):322–328 Kähkönen S, Wilenius J et al (2003) Alcohol reduces prefrontal cortical excitability in humans: a combined TMS and EEG study. Neuropsychopharmacology 28(4):747–754 Keel JC, Smith MJ et al (2001) A safety screening questionnaire for transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 112(4):720 Khalil R, King MA et al (2005) Testosterone reverses ethanol-induced deficit in spatial reference memory in castrated rats. Pharmacol- ogy 75(2):87–92 Lovinger DM, White G et al (1989) Ethanol inhibits NMDA-activated ion current in hippocampal neurons. Science 243(4899):1721–1724 Lyvers M (2000) “Loss of control” in alcoholism and drug addiction: a neuroscientific interpretation. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 8 (2):225–249 Masood K, Wu C et al (1994) Differential ethanol sensitivity of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Mol Phar- macol 45(2):324–329 Psychopharmacology (2010) 208:469–474 Mills KC, Bisgrove EZ (1983) Body sway and divided attention performance under the influence of alcohol: dose–response differences between males and females. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 7(4):393–397 Mitchell EA, Herd MB et al (2008) Neurosteroid modulation of GABAA receptors: molecular determinants and significance in health and disease. Neurochem Int 52(4–5):588–595 Mumenthaler MS, Taylor JL et al (1999) Gender differences in moderate drinking effects. Alcohol Res Health 23(1):55–64 Niaura RS, Nathan PE et al (1987) Gender differences in acute psychomotor, cognitive, and pharmacokinetic response to alco- hol. Addict Behav 12(4):345–356 Oldfield RC (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9(1):97–113 Sasaki H, Abe O et al (2009) Structural and diffusional brain abnormality related to relatively low level alcohol consumption. Neuroimage 46(2):505–510 Schutter DJLG, van Honk J (2006) A standardized motor threshold estimation procedure for transcranial magnetic stimulation research. J ECT 22(3):176–178 Valimaki MJ, Harkonen M et al (1984) Sex hormones and adrenocortical steroids in men acutely intoxicated with ethanol. Alcohol 1(1):89–93 VanDoren MJ, Matthews DB et al (2000) Neuroactive steroid 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one modulates electrophys- iological and behavioral actions of ethanol. J Neurosci 20(5): 1982–1989 Verster JC, Volkerts ER et al (2002) Residual effects of middle-of-the- night administration of zaleplon and zolpidem on driving ability, memory functions, and psychomotor performance. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22(6):576–583 Weitlauf C, Woodward JJ (2008) Ethanol selectively attenuates NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(4):690–698 White G, Lovinger DM et al (1990) Ethanol inhibits NMDA-activated current but does not alter GABA-activated current in an isolated adult mammalian neuron. Brain Res 507(2):332–336 Wobrock T, Falkai P et al (2009) Effects of abstinence on brain morphology in alcoholism: a MRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 259(3):143–150 World Health Organisation (2004) Global status report on alcohol. WHO, Geneva Ylikahri RH, Huttunen MO et al (1980) Hormonal changes during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 13(Suppl 1):131–137 Ziemann U, Lonnecker S et al (1995) Inhibition of human motor cortex by ethanol. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Brain 118(Pt 6):1437–1446