4 Obstetrics and Gynecology International Table 1: General demographic characteristics of studied women. Maternal data All n = 302 Adolescents n = 151 Nonadolescents n = 151 P value∗ Age (years) 20.0 ± 3.8 17.2 ± 1.4 23.0 ± 3.0 .001 Non married status (%) 187 (61.9) 103 (68.2) 84 (55.6) .02 Currently living together (%) 236 (78.1) 116 (76.8) 120 (79.5) .57 Sometime smoked during pregnancy (%) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.7) 0 (0.0) .98 Sporemgnetainmcey a(l%co)hol consumption during 15 (5.0) 5 (3.3) 10 (6.6) .18 Rural residency (%) 86 (28.5) 45 (29.8) 41 (27.1) .61 Before becoming pregnant Was studying 137 (45.4) 102 (67.5) 35 (23.1) .001 Was working 80 (26.5) 18 (11.9) 62 (41.1) .001 Nothing 65 (21.5) 24 (15.9) 41 (27.2) .01 Working and studying 20 (6.6) 7 (4.7) 13 (8.6) .16 bWeafosrpeebrfeocrommiinnggfpamregilnyapnltanning method 47 (15.6) 25 (16.6) 22 (14.6) .63 Age of grandmother’s ﬁrst child 18.9 ± 3.9 18.7 ± 3.7 19.0 ± 4.0 .001 Number of prenatal visits 7.0 ± 2.6 6.9 ± 2.9 7.0 ± 2.3 .29 Less than 5 prenatal visits 42 (13.9) 22 (14.6) 20 (13.2) .73 Gestational age at ﬁrst visit 9.9 ± 6.9 11.1 ± 7.5 8.7 ± 6.2 .001 Partner data Age (years) 24.4 ± 5.7 22.0 ± 4.0 26.8 ± 6.0 .001 Current smoking habit 24 (7.9) 16 (10.6) 8 (5.3) .08 Alcohol consumption 79 (26.2) 39 (25.8) 40 (26.5) .89 Currently employed 254 (84.1) 124 (82.1) 130 (86.0) .34 Data are presented as mean ± standard deviations and percentages (%); ∗P value after comparing cases and controls with Wilcoxon signed-rank test, chi- square test or Fisher’s exact test. Table 2: Maternal and neonatal outcome data. Maternal outcome All n = 302 Adolescents n = 151 Obstetrical complication (ante/intrapartum) (%) 152 (50.3) 69 (45.7) Vaginal delivery (%) 178 (58.9) 99 (65.6) Cesarean section (%) 124 (41.1) 52 (34.4) Intrapartum meconium staining (%) 13 (4.3) 4 (2.6) Neonatal outcome Gestation age at birth (weeks) 38.7 ± 2.0 38.6 ± 1.8 Neonatal weight (g) 2,897.0 ± 556.4 2,874.9 ± 518.0 Preterm birth (%) 38 (12.6) 22 (14.7) Small-for gestational-age (%) 62 (20.5) 32 (21.2) Apgar score <7 at 1st min (%) 17 (5.6) 8 (5.3) Apgar score <7 at 5th min (%) 8 (2.6) 6 (4.0) Neonatal complication (%) 39 (12.9) 15 (9.9) ∗ P value after comparing cases and controls with chi-square test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Non Adolescents n = 151 83 (55.0) 79 (52.3) 72 (47.7) 9 (6.0) 38.8 ± 2.1 2919.0 ± 593.2 16 (10.6) 30 (19.9) 9 (6.0) 8 (5.3) 24 (15.9) Table 3: Total CESD-10 and RS scores among studied women. Parameters All n = 302 Adolescents n = 151 Total CESD-10 score 10.9 ± 5.8 10.5 ± 5.9 Depressed mood (%) 171 (56.6) 79 (52.3) Total RS score 80.7 ± 10.5 79.3 ± 10.3 Total RS score <82 (median) (%) 141 (46.7) 79 (52.3) ∗ P value after comparing cases and controls with Wilcoxon signed-rank test or the chi-square test. Nonadolescents n = 151 11.2 ± 5.7 92 (60.9) 82.0 ± 10.5 62 (41.1) P value∗ .10 .01 .01 .15 .16 .26 .29 .77 .80 .58 .12 P value∗ .31 .13 .002 .04