Int Arch Occup Environ Health (2011) 84:591–600 and mortality associated with respiratory effects of this magnitude, the millions of children with high exposures worldwide, and the need to incorporate data on early-life susceptibility into environmental policy. Acknowledgments We thank the Rodriguez-Pereira family and Sandra Cortes for their support. This study was funded by the Northern California Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, the University of California, Berkeley, Center for Global Public Health, and the U.S. National Institute of Health grants P42- ES04705 and R01-ES017463. The authors declare they have no competing ﬁnancial interests. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which per- mits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. 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