Bowirrat, Cui, et al [APA] American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders – Fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington: APA. Arbustini E, Grasso M, Fasani R, et al. 1995. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene deletion allele is independently and strongly associated with coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Br Heart J, 74:584–91. Bowirrat A, Friedland RP, Chapman J, et al. 2000. The very high prevalence of AD in an Arab population is not explained by APOE ε4 allele frequency. Neurology, 55:731. Bowirrat A, Friedland RP, Farrer L, et al. 2002. Genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease in Israeli Arabs. J Mol Neurosci, 19:239–45. Bowirrat A, Friedland RP, Korczyn AD. 2002. Vascular dementia among elderly Arabs in Wadi Ara. J Neurol Sci, 203–204:73–6. Bowirrat A, Treves TA, Friedland RP, et al. 2001. Prevalence of Alzheimer’s type dementia in an elderly Arab population. Eur J Neurol, 8:119–23. Brookmeyer R, Corrada MM, Kawas C. 2002. Survival following a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol, 59:1764–7. Buss S, Muller-Thomsen T, Hoch C, et al. 2002. No association between DCP1 genotype and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Med Gen, 114:440–5. Cheng C-Y, Hong C-J, Lui H-C, et al. 2002. Study of the association between Alzheimer’s disease and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism using DNA from lymphocytes. Eur Neurol, 47:26–9. Crawford F, Abdullah L, Schinka J, et al. 2000. Gender-specific association of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett, 280:215–19. de la Torre JC. 2002. Alzheimer’s disease as a vascular disorder: nosological evidence. Stroke, 33:1152–62. Elkins JS, Douglas VC, Johnston SC. 2004. Alzheimer’s disease risk and genetic variation in ACE. Neurology, 62:363–8. Farrer LA, Sherbatich T, Keryanov SA, et al. 2000. Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme and Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol, 57:210–14. Fillit H, Hill J. 2002. The costs of vascular dementia: a comparison with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci, 15:203–204:35–9. Grossberg GT. 2003. Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Psychiatry, 64(Suppl 9):3–6. Harrap SB, Tzourio C, Cambien F, et al. 2003. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not associated with the blood pressure and cardiovascular benefits of ACE inhibition. Hypertension, 42:297–310. Hopkins PN, Hunt SC. 2003. Genetics of hypertension. Genet Med, 5: 413–29. Hu J, Igarashi A, Kamata M, et al. 2001. Angiotensin-converting enzyme degrades Alzheimer amyloid β-peptide (Aβ); retards Aβ aggregation, deposition, fibril formation; and inhibits cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem, 276:47863–8. Hung J, McQuillan BM, Nidorf M, et al. 1999. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and carotid wall thickening in a community population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 19:1969–74. Kauma H, Paivansalo M, Savolainen MJ, et al. 1996. Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and carotid atherosclerosis. J Hypertens, 14:1183–7. Kehoe PG, Katzov H, Feuk L, et al. 2003. Haplotypes extending across ACE are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Hum Mol Genet, 12:859–67. Korczyn AD. 2002. Mixed dementia – the most common cause of dementia. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 977:129–34. Lendon CL, Thaker U, Harris JM, et al. 2002. The angiotensin 1-converting enzyme insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism does not influence the extent of amyloid or tau pathology in patients with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett, 328:314–18. Monastero R, Caldarella R, Mannino M, et al. 2002. Lack of association between angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett, 335:147–9. Myllykangas L, Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, et al. 2000. Cardiovascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease: a genetic association study in a population aged 85 or over. Neurosci Lett, 292:195–8. Narain Y, Yip A, Murphy T, et al. 2000. The ACE gene and Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility. J Med Genet, 37:695–7. Palumbo B, Cardini D, Nocentini G, et al. 1999. Angiotensin converting enzyme deletion allele in different kinds of dementia disorders. Neurosci Lett, 267:97–100. Panza F, Solfrizzi V, D’Introno A, et al. 2003. Shifts in angiotensin I converting enzyme insertion allele frequency across Europe: implications for Alzheimer’s disease risk. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 74:1157–61. Pfohl M, Fetter M, Kock M, et al. 1998. Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme genotypes, extracranial artery stenosis, and stroke. Atherosclerosis, 140:161–6. Richard F, Fromentin-David I, Ricolfi F, et al. 2001. The angiotensin I converting enzyme gene as a susceptibility factor for dementia. Neurology, 56:1593–5. Rieder MJ, Taylor SL, Clark AG, et al. 1999. Sequence variation in the human angiotensin converting enzyme. Nat Genet, 22:59–62. Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, et al. 1997. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease. The Nun Study. JAMA, 277:813–17. Taylor A, Ezquerra M, Bargri G, et al. 2001. Alzheimer’s disease not associated with polymorphism in the angiotensinogen and rennin genes. Am J Med Gen, 105:761–4. Tian J, Shi J, Bailey K, et al. 2004. A polymorphism in the angiotensin 1-converting enzyme gene is associated with damage to cerebral cortical white matter in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett, 354:103–6. Ueda S, Weir CJ, Inglis GC, et al. 1995. Lack of association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and stroke. J Hypertens, 13:1597–601. Yang JD, Feng G, Zhang ZX, et al. 2000. Association between angiotensin- converting enzyme gene and late onset Alzheimer’s disease in Han Chinese. Neurosci Lett, 295:41–4. Zaman MA, Oparil S, Calhoun DA, et al. 2002. Drugs targeting the rennin- angiotensin-aldesterone system. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 1:621–36. Zuliani G, Ble A, Zanca R, et al. 2001. Genetic polymorphisms in older subjects with vascular or Alzheimer’s dementia. Acta Neurol Scand, 103:304–8. 76 Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2005:1(1)