Brain Struct Funct (2008) 212:443–463 reﬁned thalamic nuclear parcellation (e.g. Fig. 4). For illustrations, scanned images were adjusted for contrast and brightness with Adobe Photoshop and transferred as com- puter ﬁles to the software Adobe Illustrator for production of the ﬁnal montage. Magnetic resonance images In two autopsy brains (Table 1, Hb4 and Hb5), MR images were acquired with a 3-Tesla scanner (Philips). Whole brains were placed in a plastic bag ﬁlled with 4% PAF or neutral formalin and maintained in the scanner with foam pieces. For the ﬁrst case (Hb4), T1-weighted MRI in the three stereotactic planes were acquired with the following parameters: FOV 220 mm; 400 9 400; TSE factor 15; TR 3,000 ms; TE 80; thickness 2 mm/0 gap; acquisition voxel: 0.55/0.56/2.0 mm; and total scan time: 3 h. For the second case (Hb5), a protocol for high-resolution proton density (PD) MRI was used: 2D multislice acquisition; FOV: 160 mm; matrix: 528 9 528; 52 coronal and 32 axial sli- ces; thickness 1.25 mm/0 gap; TR 3,000 ms; TE 24; 449 acquisition voxel size: 0.30 9 0.30 mm (coronal) and 0.31 9 0.31 (axial); and scan time 5 h for each series (coronal and horizontal). Results Cerebellothalamic tract The cerebellothalamic tract, or brachium conjuntivum, originates in the dentate, interposed and fastigial cerebellar nuclei. The cerebellothalamic tract ascends through the superior cerebellar peduncle, crosses (most of the ﬁbres) over its decussation, passes through and anteriorly to the red nucleus and then rises into the thalamus. To ease the description, we adopted a Latin nomenclature for the subthalamic ﬁbre systems, i.e. the cerebellothalamic ﬁbre bulk is called ‘‘fasciculus cerebellothalamicus’’ (fct) from the level of the red nucleus (RN) to its entrance into the thalamus. The fct was traced on the basis of myelin stained sec- tions, from the dorsal border of the RN to the thalamus. Fig. 4 a Sagittal atlas map and b photomicrographs of adjacent sections stained for myelin, d AChE and c immunoreacted for SMI-32, e CR, and f CB. Case Hb3. Scale bar (upper left panel): 2 mm a CL Po ml/stt c e CL VLp VLp VLp CM CM CM VPMpc fct VPMpc fct VPMpc fct VLa ft ZI STh fl R VLa ft ZI fl STh SMI-32 VLa ZI fl STh CR b d f CM CM CM fct VLp VPMpc fct VPMpc fct Myel ft STh fl VLa ft ZI fl STh AChE ZI fl STh CB 123 VLp VLa