Obstetrics and Gynecology International 5 Table 1: Motile sperm concentration, normal morphology, and IUI outcome. Total motile Design Number of Number of IMSC Normal IUI sperm Author Year (prospective or infertile insemination (million) morphology outcome count∗10/6 retrospective) patients cycles (before wash) Ombelet et al. 1997 Retrospective 373 792 <1 <4% 0% CF <1 >4% 7.8% >1 >4% 15% Van Voorhis et al. 2001 Retrospective 1,039 3,479 PR 2.3% <10 PR 9% >10 Cohlen et al. 1998 Prospective 74 308 <1 PR 2.6% >1 PR 11.2% Wainer et al. 2004 Retrospective 889 2,564 <1 >30% PR 3.1% 2–5 PR 12% Dodson & Haney 1991 Retrospective 371 808 <1 CF 0% 1–5 CF 17% Horvath et al. 1989 Prospective 232 451 <1 CF 2.6% >10 CF 11.6% Berg et al. 1997 Retrospective 902 3,037 0.8–1.2 PRcy 8.2% >5 10% Miller et al. 2002 Prospective 438 1,114 <10 CF 1% 10–20 CF 7.4% >20 CF 12.4% Irianni et al. 1993 Retrospective 129 208 >4.7 PR 14% Toner et al. 1994 Prospective 126 395 104 9% PRcy 9% Lindheim et al. 1996 Retrospective 42 <4% PRcy 1% >4% PRcy 19% Montanaro Gauci et al. 1999 Retrospective 273 522 <4% PRcy 2.6% 5–14% 11% >14% 24% Shibahara et al. 2004 Prospective 160 682 >15% PRcy 15% Hauser et al. 2001 Prospective 108 264 <4% 4-1P1R%cp 14% 36% >14% 50% Lee et al. 2002 Prospective 209 244 <4% PRcy 3.8% 4–9% 18.5% >9% 30% Dickey et al. 1999 Retrospective 1,841 4,056 <5% PRcy 0% >5% 11% Dickey et al. 1999 Retrospective 1,841 4,056 PRcy 2.3% <5 8.5% >5 CF: Cycle fecundity; IMSC: Inseminated motile sperm count; PR: Overall pregnancy rate; PRcy: Pregnancy rate per cycle; PRcp: Pregnancy rate per couple.