Veterinary Medicine International Table 2: Comparison of prevalence of brucellosis in government and privately owned dairy farms in Quetta city, Pakistan. Animal species Cattle n = 114 Buﬀalo n = 86 Total = 200 GDF n = 74 Positive MRT i-ELISA 0/74 11 — — 0% 14.86% PDF n = 126 Positive MRT i-ELISA 4/12 2/114 4.76% 6 0 4.76% PDF: private dairy farm. GDF: government dairy farm. MRT: milk ring test. i-ELISA: indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Kang’ ethe et al. [16], who also reported milk ELISA as more sensitive than MRT. 4. Conclusion The present study reﬂects much higher prevalence (8.5%) of the disease in the target area. This is a serious threat to the public health and also to animal life. Most of the ﬁeld workers, veterinarians, butchers, and milkmen are more prone to this disease. So, care should be taken while handling the suspected animal cases. Similarly, a large-scale survey should be done in the area to detect the carrier animals and should be treated according to the international rules. A large scale vaccination may also help to lower the prevalence of this disease; therefore, in larger dairy herds, vaccination may be helpful to overcome this problem. A large scale campaign through media may also be helpful to create awareness among people to use boiled or pasteurized milk to lower the risk of this human health problem. References [1] GOP (Government of Pakistan), Economic Survey 2009-2010. [2] OIE, “Bovine brucellosis,” in Manual of Standards for Diag- nostic Tests and Vaccines, pp. 328–345, OIE, Paris, France, 4th edition, 2000. [3] J. J. McDermott and S. M. Arimi, “Brucellosis in sub- Saharan Africa: epidemiology, control and impact,” Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 90, no. 1–4, pp. 111–134, 2002. [4] FAO, “Progress in understanding brucellosis,” Vet Record. 641, 2003. [5] S. A. Sheikh, M. A. Shah, and S. A. Khan, “Some observations on the incidence of brucellosis in West Pakistan,” Pakistan Journal of Science, vol. 19, pp. 189–192, 1967. [6] S. N. Sharma and S. C. Adlakha, Textbook of Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 192, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, India, 1997. [7] R. Ahmad and M. A. Munir, “Epidemiological investigation of brucellosis in Pakistan,” The Pakistan Veterinary Journal, vol. 15, pp. 169–172, 1995. [8] N. P. Rijpens, G. Jannes, M. van Asbroeck, R. Rossau, and L. M. F. Herman, “Direct detection of Brucella spp. in raw milk by PCR and reverse hybridization with 16S-23S rRNA spacer probes,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1683–1688, 1996. 3 [9] W. J. Bertu, M. Dapar, A. M. Gusi, S. S. Ngulukun, S. Leo, and L. D. Jwander, “Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in marketed milk in Jos and environs,” African Journal of Food Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 062–064, 2010. [10] FAQIR, Seroepidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis associ- ated with reproductive disorders in Quetta district, Balochistan, M.S. thesis, Animal Reproduction, CVS, Lahore, Pakistan, 1991. [11] B. A. Abbas and A. B. Aldeewan, “Occurrence and epidemiol- ogy of Brucella spp. in raw milk samples at Basrah province, Iraq,” Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 136–142, 2009. [12] C. H. Pederson, “A preliminary report on infertility among cattle and buﬀaloes in Punjab,” Working paper 3, 1980, Pak. Vet. J.10 (4): 552. [13] K. Naeem, S. Akhtar, and N. Ullah, “The serological survey of bovine brucellosis in Rawalpindi and Islamabad,” The Pakistan Veterinary Journal, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 154–156, 1990. [14] P. Kerkhofs, Y. Botton, P. Thiange, P. Dekeyser, and J. N. Limet, “Diagnosis of bovine brucellosis by enzyme immunoassay of milk,” Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 73–80, 1990. [15] V. R. Vanzini, N. P. Aguirre, B. S. Valentini et al., “Comparison of an indirect ELISA with the Brucella milk ring test for detec- tion of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bulk milk samples,” Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 55–60, 2001. [16] E. K. Kang’ethe, S. M. Arimi, A. O. Omore et al., “The pre- valence of antibodies to Brucella abortus in marketed milk in Kenya and its public health implications,” in Proceedings of the the 3rd All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, November 2000.