Cardiology Research and Practice [3] S. Oparil and E. Haber, “The renin angiotensin system (Second of two parts),” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 291, no. 9, pp. 446–457, 1974. [4] M. Paul, A. P. Mehr, and R. Kreutz, “Physiology of local renin-angiotensin systems,” Physiological Reviews, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 747–803, 2006. [5] M. de Gasparo, K. J. Catt, T. Inagami, J. W. Wright, and TH. Unger, “International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors,” Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 415–472, 2000. [6] V. J. Dzau, “Tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease a unifying hypothesis,” Hypertension, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1047–1052, 2001. [7] M. Ruiz-Ortega, O. Lorenzo, M. Rupe´rez et al., “Role of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular diseases: expanding the ﬁeld,” Hypertension, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1382–1387, 2001. [8] V. J. Dzau and R. Re, “Tissue angiotensin system in cardiovas- cular medicine: a paradigm shift?” Circulation, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 493–498, 1994. [9] J. N. Cohn and G. Tognoni, “A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart fail- ure,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 345, no. 23, pp. 1667–1675, 2001. [10] R. A. Lafayette, G. Mayer, S. K. Park, and T. W. Meyer, “Angiotensin II receptor blockade limits glomerular injury in rats with reduced renal mass,” Journal of Clinical Investiga- tion, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 766–771, 1992. [11] H. Yamagishi, S. Kim, T. Nishikimi, K. Takeuchi, and T. Takeda, “Contribution of cardiac renin-angiotensin system to ventricular remodelling in myocardial-infarcted rats,” Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1369–1380, 1993. [12] H. F. Cheng, B. N. Becker, K. D. Burns, and R. C. Harris, “Angiotensin II upregulates type-1 angiotensin II receptors in renal proximal tubule,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 2012–2019, 1995. [13] R. H. Yang, H. Jin, J. M. Wyss, and S. Oparil, “Depressor eﬀect of blocking angiotensin subtype 1 receptors in anterior hypothalamus,” Hypertension, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 475–481, 1992. [14] M. I. Phillips and C. Sumners, “Angiotensin II in central nervous system physiology,” Regulatory Peptides, vol. 78, no. 1–3, pp. 1–11, 1998. [15] K. Arakawa and H. Urata, “Hypothesis regarding the patho- physiological role of alternative pathways of angiotensin II formation in atherosclerosis,” Hypertension, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 638–641, 2000. [16] H. Urata, H. Nishimura, and D. Ganten, “Chymase- dependent angiotensin II forming system in humans,” Amer- ican Journal of Hypertension, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 277–284, 1996. [17] H. Urata, A. Kinoshita, D. M. Perez et al., “Cloning of the gene and cDNA for human heart chymase,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 266, no. 26, pp. 17173–17179, 1991. [18] A. Wolny, J. P. Clozel, J. Rein et al., “Functional and biochemical analysis of angiotensin II-forming pathways in the human heart,” Circulation Research, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 219–227, 1997. [19] I. C. Haznedaroglu, S. Tuncer, and M. Gursoy, “A local renin- angiotensin system in the bone marrow,” Medical Hypotheses, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 507–510, 1996. [20] H. Kato, J. Ishida, S. Imagawa et al., “Enhanced erythro- poiesis mediated by activation of the renin-angiotensin system via angiotensin II type 1a receptor,” FASEB Journal, vol. 19, no. 14, pp. 2023–2025, 2005. 7 [21] D. Fukuda and M. Sata, “Role of bone marrow renin- angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,” Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 118, no. 2, pp. 268–276, 2008. [22] M. Hern a´ndez-Presa, C. Bustos, M. Ortego et al., “Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prevents arterial nuclear factor-κB activation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, and macrophage inﬁltration in a rabbit model of early accelerated atherosclerosis,” Circulation, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1532–1541, 1997. [23] L. Pastore, A. Tessitore, S. Martinotti et al., “Angiotensin II stimulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by human vascular endothelial cells and increases soluble ICAM-1 release in vivo,” Circulation, vol. 100, no. 15, pp. 1646–1652, 1999. [24] M. E. Pueyo, W. Gonzalez, A. Nicoletti, F. Savoie, J. F. Arnal, and J. B. Michel, “Angiotensin II stimulates endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via nuclear factor-κB activation induced by intracellular oxidative stress,” Arte- riosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 645–651, 2000. [25] T. Petnehazy, K. Y. Stokes, K. C. Wood, J. Russell, and D. N. Granger, “Role of blood cell-associated AT1 receptors in the microvascular responses to hypercholesterolemia,” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 313–318, 2006. [26] M. Sata and D. Fukuda, “Crucial role of renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,” Journal of Medical Investigation, vol. 57, no. 1-2, pp. 12–25, 2010. [27] N. Iwai and T. Inagami, “Identiﬁcation of two subtypes in the rat type I angiotensin II receptor,” FEBS Letters, vol. 298, no. 2-3, pp. 257–260, 1992. [28] S. Nouet and C. Nahmias, “Signal transduction from the angiotensin II AT receptor,” Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2000. [29] P. P. Sayeski and K. E. Bernstein, “Signal transduction mechanisms of the angiotensin II type AT-receptor: looking beyond the heterotrimeric G protein paradigm,” Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 4–10, 2001. [30] B. C. Yang, M. I. Phillips, D. Mohuczy et al., “Increased angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in hypercholes- terolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits,” Arteriosclerosis, Throm- bosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1433–1439, 1998. [31] Z. Q. Wang, A. F. Moore, R. Ozono, H. M. Siragy, and R. M. Carey, “Immunolocalization of subtype 2 angiotensin II (AT) receptor protein in rat heart,” Hypertension, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 78–83, 1998. [32] G. H. Gibbons and V. J. Dzau, “The emerging concept of vascular remodeling,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 330, no. 20, pp. 1431–1438, 1994. [33] K. A. Robinson, F. J. Candal, N. A. Scott, and E. W. Ades, “Seeding of vascular grafts with an immortalized human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line,” Angiology, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 107–114, 1995. [34] S. Kinlay and P. Ganz, “Role of endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease and implications for therapy,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 11I–16I, 1997. [35] P. Libby, G. Sukhova, R. T. Lee, and Z. S. Galis, “Cytokines regulate vascular functions related to stability of the atherosclerotic plaque,” Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacol- ogy, vol. 25, supplement 2, pp. S9–S12, 1995.