2 Table 1: Diagnostic criteria (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Commit- tee, Head Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine) [12]. A traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function, as manifested by at least one of the following Any loss of consciousness Any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the accident Any alteration in mental state at the time of the accident (e.g., feeling dazed, disoriented, or confused) Focal neurologic deﬁcit(s) that may or may not be transient But where the severity of the injury does not exceed the following loss of consciousness of approximately 30 min or less after 30 min, an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13–15 and post-traumatic amnesia not greater than 24 hr the World Health Organization (WHO) have advanced a standardized deﬁnition that was derived from the ACRM deﬁnition [13, 14]. Recently an expert consensus relating to soldiers return- ing from Iraq and Afghanistan used the same clinical signs to deﬁne mTBI [15]. For these soldiers, the most frequent combat-related injury incurred is TBI, in particular mTBI [15]. Approximately 22% of the wounded soldiers arriving at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany have head, neck, or face injuries. TBIs result primarily from improvised explosive devices (IEDs), landmines, high- pressure waves from blasts, blunt force injury to the head from objects in motion, and motor vehicle accidents [16, 17]. mTBI characterizes most of the blast-induced traumatic brain injuries seen in service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, with reports of 300,000 service members sustaining at least one mTBI as of 2008 [18]. The frequency of these injuries has led to mTBI being called the “signature injury of war” [16]. mTBI is a major health problem that aﬀects both civilians and military populations. This edition of the journal Rehabilitation, Research and Practice reviews the up-to-date literature on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of MTBI in both populations. Screening for mTBI and return to play after sports concussion are also reviewed. It is our desire that readers gain further insight into the complexities of this disorder, useful tools for diagnosis, and further treatment options. Brian D. Greenwald Anne Felicia Ambrose Gina P. Armstrong References [1] J. F. Kurtzke and L. T. Jurland, “The epidemiology of neu- rologic disease,” in Clinical Neurology, R. J. Joynt, Ed., JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 1993. [2] M. Faul, L. Xu, M. M. Wald, and V. G. Coronado, Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, Centers for Disease Control Rehabilitation Research and Practice and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2010. 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