Independent variable Comprehensive smoke-free air law Comprehensive smoke-free air law × time interaction Moderate smoke-free air law Moderate smoke-free air law × time interaction Time (monthly linear trend) Time (quarterly linear trend) Constant Number of observations Adjusted R2 Independent variable Comprehensive smoke-free air law Comprehensive smoke-free air law × time interaction Moderate smoke-free air law × time interaction Moderate smoke-free air law Time (monthly linear trend) Time (quarterly linear trend) Constant Number of observations Adjusted R2 4 Journal of Environmental and Public Health Table 1: Single-state regression models, age-adjusted rate of hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). ∗ P < 0.10, ∗∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.01. Standard error in parentheses. Data for Florida are quarterly from 1990 to 2006, data for New York are monthly from 1995 to 2006, and data for Oregon are monthly from 1998 to 2006. All models include county indicators and county × time interactions. Table 2: Single-state regression models, age-adjusted rate of hospital admissions for stroke. Florida −4.377∗ (2.243) −2.514∗∗∗ (0.225) — — — −0.227∗∗ (0.094) 128.335∗∗∗ (4.124) 4,556 0.469 Florida −16.194∗∗∗ (2.380) −2.105∗∗∗ (0.269) — — — −0.119 (0.138) 176.250∗∗∗ (6.155) 4,556 0.475 New York −1.483∗∗ (0.675) −0.251∗∗∗ (0.022) −0.882 (0.569) −0.124∗∗ (0.040) −0.061∗∗∗ (0.013) — 39.288∗∗∗ (1.131) 8,928 0.353 New York −0.724 (0.551) 0.025 (0.018) 1.848∗∗∗ (0.483) 0.098∗∗∗ (0.034) −0.067∗∗∗ (0.013) — 49.722∗∗∗ (1.100) 8,928 0.329 Oregon 4.306 (5.400) −0.126 (0.173) 3.846∗∗ (1.771) (0.056) −0.046 (0.059) — −0.242∗∗∗ 30.633∗∗∗ (4.478) 3,888 0.138 Oregon −1.776 (3.183) −0.157 (0.131) −0.578 (1.321) −0.122∗∗∗ (0.046) −0.170∗∗∗ (0.064) — 50.128∗∗∗ (5.413) 3,888 0.134 ∗ P < 0.10, ∗∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.01. Standard error in parentheses. Data for Florida are quarterly from 1990 to 2006, data for New York are monthly from 1995 to 2006, and data for Oregon are monthly from 1998 to 2006. All models include county indicators and county × time interactions. factor for stroke itself or an increase in its diagnosis that is not occurring simultaneously in Florida. Similar studies in the future should consider incorporating more controls to explicitly account for diﬀerences in rates of disease by race/ethnicity. We have attempted to be conservative in interpreting our ﬁndings. As with any study relying solely on observational data, there are limitations to the strength of association that can be inferred. Hospitalization rates for AMI and stroke have been declining for many years. While some of this decline is likely due to adoption of smoke-free air laws, some of it may be attributable to changes in other factors aﬀecting cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease more generally, such as declining prevalence of smoking and reductions in daily cigarette consumption among remaining smokers, increased public health focus on obesity and physical activity,