Nucleic Acids Research, 2008, Vol. 36, No. 9 2947 43. Losada,A. and Hirano,T. (2005) Dynamic molecular linkers of the genome: the ﬁrst decade of SMC proteins. Genes Dev., 19, 1269–1287. 44. Kim,J.S., Krasieva,T.B., LaMorte,V., Taylor,A.M. and Yokomori,K. (2002) Speciﬁc recruitment of human cohesin to laser-induced DNA damage. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 45149–45153. 45. Mischo,H.E., Hemmerich,P., Grosse,F. and Zhang,S. (2005) Actinomycin D induces histone gamma-H2AX foci and complex formation of gamma-H2AX with Ku70 and nuclear DNA helicase II. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 9586–9594. 46. Helton,E.S. and Chen,X. (2007) p53 modulation of the DNA damage response. J. Cell Biochem., 100, 883–896. 47. Su,T.T. (2006) Cellular responses to DNA damage: one signal, multiple choices. Annu. Rev. Genet., 40, 187–208. 48. Bekker-Jensen,S., Lukas,C., Kitagawa,R., Melander,F., Kastan,M.B., Bartek,J. and Lukas,J. (2006) Spatial organization of the mammalian genome surveillance machinery in response to DNA strand breaks. J. Cell Biol., 173, 195–206. 49. Gorski,M.M., Romeijn,R.J., Eeken,J.C., de Jong,A.W., van Veen,B.L., Szuhai,K., Mullenders,L.H., Ferro,W. and Pastink,A. (2004) Disruption of Drosophila Rad50 causes pupal lethality, the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and the induction of apoptosis in third instar larvae. DNA Repair, 3, 603–615. 50. Yarden,R.I. and Brody,L.C. (1999) BRCA1 interacts with components of the histone deacetylase complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 4983–4988.