4 Ethnicity Diagnosis Gender Age Educational level Physiotherapy intervention for pain Membership with ANZ within last 3 years Smoking Time oﬀ work because of pain experience Number of years with pain Table 2: Demographic predominant percentage data. NZ European 88% Osteoarthritis 36% Rheumatoid arthritis 17% Fibromyalgia 15% Unknown 13% Polymyalgia rheumatica 8% Female 85% Mean: 65 years Std Dev 11 years, 8 months Highest recorded data: 91 years Lowest recorded data: 22 years School only, 55% 54% 61% 32% 93% non smokers 51% greater than 8 years Mean: 130 months (almost 11 years) Std dev: 125 months (10.4 years) Highest recorded data: 55 years Lowest recorded data: 2 months the sum of each of the two scales of the PBQ. This study used an α of 0.05, and a 1-β of 0.8 to detect for signiﬁcant eﬀect size, estimated to be r = 0.25. 3. Results 3.1. Demographic Data. A sample of 122 participants had been calculated for the eﬀect size “r” of 0.25 [55]; 144 responses (61% response rate) were entered into Statistica 9 for statistical analysis. The demographic data for all parti- cipants is summarised in Table 2 as predominant percentages of the full data set. The mean age of the participants was 65 years (SD 11 years, 8 months). Eighty-ﬁve per cent of the participants were females. The mean for participants’ duration of pain experience was 130 months (almost 11 years of pain). The standard deviation remained large. Most participants in this study were new members of Arthritis New Zealand (ANZ) where 61% of participants had joined the organisation in the past three years. Eighty-eight per cent of all participants were classiﬁed as New Zealand European/Pakeha. The predominant group (36%) suﬀered from osteoarthritis. Other diagnoses includ- ed rheumatoid arthritis (18%), ﬁbromyalgia (15%), no diag- nosis given (12%), “undeﬁned” arthritis (7%), inﬂammatory arthritis (2%), and temporal arteritis, systemic lupus, and Rehabilitation Research and Practice other diagnoses (1%). Fifty-ﬁve per cent of participants received no formal qualiﬁcation other than schooling. 3.2. Questionnaire Data for Primary Hypothesis Testing 3.2.1. AIM2-SF Scores. The AIMS2-SF has second-order scores consisting of (i) physical aspects (mobility level, walk- ing, bending, arm/hand/ﬁnger function, self-care, household tasks); (ii) aﬀect (level of tension and mood); (iii) self-report- ed pain; (iv) social interaction (social activity, support from family); (v) work. Each of these second-order scores was summed and correlated with the organic scale of the PBQ. The highest correlation was found with the work subscale, r = 0.36 and P = 0.03. The physical activity, aﬀect and pain experience correlated similarly with r = 0.34 and P = 0.00003. However social activity had a high correlation, r = 0.69 but with no signiﬁcance P = 0.4. This data is outlined in Table 3. The participants showed a reasonable distribution of summed AIM2-SF scores. A higher score is associated with a poorer functioning; a lower score is associated with greater functioning. Fourteen per cent of participants scored between 70 and 100, indicating greater disability; 9% of participants scored below 40, indicating excellent functional health. The mean score was 57 with a standard deviation of 12 points. 3.2.2. The Duration of Pain Experience. The mean for the participants’ duration of pain experience was 130 months (almost 11 years) of pain. The standard deviation is large with 125 months (10.4 years). The longest duration of pain recorded by a participant was 55 years and the lowest record- ed was 2 months; 51% of participants had experienced 8 years or more of pain. 3.2.3. Beliefs Measured on the Organic Scale. The mean score in this project was 24 with a standard deviation of 6. 3.2.4. Beliefs Measured on Psychological Scale. The psycho- logical scale of the PBQ mean score was 13 with a standard deviation of 4. The data for the primary hypothesis testing is outlined in Table 4. 3.3. Hypothesis Testing for the Relationship of the PBQ and the AIMS2-SF. Simple linear regression analysis was applied with each of the subscales sum of the PBQ and the AIMS2- SF. The data showed two diﬀerent relationships of scatter plot with simple linear regression for each subscale of the PBQ with the AIMS2-SF. The relationship between the organic beliefs subscale reached signiﬁcance (P = 0.0002) with a modest correlation coeﬃcient (r = 0.32). The Spearman Rank Order Correlation is 0.3297 for the relationship between the two variables “sum of AIMS” versus “sum of BELIEFS” and is signiﬁcant at P < 0.05. The relationship for the psychological scale showed no signiﬁcance (P = 0.4) and no correlation (r = 0.06). The scatter plot with the simple linear regression is shown in Figure 2.