resource for comparative plant genomics. Nucleic Acids Res., 36, D959–D965. 9. Lysøe,E., Seong,K.Y. and Kistler,H.C. (2011) The transcriptome of Fusarium graminearum during the infection of wheat. MPMI, 24, 995–1000. 10. Sekhon,R., Lin,H., Childs,K., Hansey,C., Buell,R.C., de Leon,N. and Kaeppler,S. (2011) Genome-wide atlas of transcription through maize development. Plant J., 66, 553–563. 11. Barrett,T., Troup,D.B., Wilhite,S.E., Ledoux,P., Rudnev,D., Evangelista,C., Kim,I.F., Soboleva,A., Tomashevsky,M., Marshall,K.A. et al. (2009) NCBI GEO: archive for high-throughput functional genomic data. Nucleic Acids Res., 37, D885–D890. 12. Pertea,G., Huang,X., Liang,F., Antonescu,V., Sultana,R., Karamycheva,S., Lee,Y., White,J., Cheung,F., Parvizi,B. et al. (2003) TIGR Gene Indices clustering tools (TGICL): a software system for fast clustering of large EST datasets. Bioinformatics, 19, 651–652. 13. Youens-Clark,K., Buckler,E., Casstevens,T., Chen,C., Declerck,G., Derwent,P., Dharmawardhana,P., Jaiswal,P., Kersey,P., Karthikeyan,A. et al. (2010) Gramene database in 2010: updates and extensions. Nucleic Acids Res., D1085–D1094. 14. Swarbreck,D., Wilks,C., Lamesch,P., Berardini,T.Z., Garcia- Hernandez,M., Foerster,H., Li,D., Meyer,T., Muller,R., Ploetz,L. et al. (2008) The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): gene structure and function annotation. Nucleic Acids Res., 36, D1009–D1014. 15. Schaeffer,M.L., Harper,L.C., Gardiner,J.M., Andorf,C.M., Campbell,D.A., Cannon,E.K.S., Sen,T.Z. and Lawrence,C.J. Nucleic Acids Research, 2012, Vol. 40, Database issue D1201 (2011) MaizeGDB: curation and outreach go hand-in-hand. Database, 2011, doi:10.1093/database/bar022. 16. Gu¨ ldener,U., Mannhaupt,G., Mu¨ nsterko¨ tter,M., Haase,D., Oesterheld,M., Stu¨ mpﬂen,V., Mewes,H. and Adam,G. (2006) FGDB: a comprehensive fungal genome resource on the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Nucleic Acids Res., 34, D456–D458. 17. Tang,X., Shen,L. and Dickerson,J.A. (2005) BarleyExpress: a web-based submission tool for enriched microarray database annotations. Bioinformatics, 21, 399–401. 18. The Plant Ontology Consortium. (2002) The Plant Ontology (TM) Consortium and plant ontologies. Comp. Funct. Genomics, 3, 137–142. 19. Gautier,L., Møller,M., Friis-Hansen,L. and Knudsen,S. (2004) Alternative mapping of probes to genes for Affymetrix chips. BMC Bioinformatics, 5, 111. 20. Caldo,R.A., Nettleton,D. and Wise,R.P. (2004) Interaction-dependent gene expression in Mla-speciﬁed response to barley powdery mildew. Plant Cell, 16, 2514–2528. 21. Hu,P., Meng,Y. and Wise,R.P. (2009) Functional contribution of chorismate synthase, anthranilate synthase, and chorismate mutase to penetration resistance in barley-powdery mildew interactions. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 22, 311–320. 22. Mortazavi,A., Williams,B.A., McCue,K., Schaeffer,L. and Wold,B. (2008) Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq. Nat. Methods, 5, 621–628.