Cell Biol Toxicol (2010) 26:1–20 Stachler MD, Bartlett JS. Mosaic vectors comprised of modified AAV1 capsid proteins for efficient vector purification and targeting to vascular endothelial cells. Gene Ther. 2006;13:926–31. Stehle T, Harrison SC. High-resolution structure of a polyoma- virus VP1-oligosaccharide complex: implications for as- sembly and receptor binding. EMBO J. 1997;16:5139–48. Stein LD. Human genome: end of the beginning. Nature. 2004;431:915–6. Stewart PL, Fuller SD, Burnett RM. Difference imaging of adenovirus: bridging the resolution gap between X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. EMBO J. 1993;12:2589–99. Stewart PL, Chiu CY, Huang S, Muir T, Zhao Y, Chait B, et al. Cryo-EM visualization of an exposed RGD epitope on adenovirus that escapes antibody neutralization. EMBO J. 1997;16:1189–98. Stieger K, Belbellaa B, Le GC, Moullier P, Rolling F. In vivo gene regulation using tetracycline-regulatable systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009;61:527–41. Stone D, Lieber A. New serotypes of adenoviral vectors. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2006;8:423–31. Tatsis N, Blejer A, Lasaro MO, Hensley SE, Cun A, Tesema L, et al. A CD46-binding chimpanzee adenovirus vector as a vaccine carrier. Molec Ther. 2007;15:608–17. Terzi D, Zachariou V. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery approaches for the treatment of CNS disorders. Biotechnol J. 2008;3:1555–63. Todo T. “Armed” oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for brain tumor therapy. Cell Adh Migr. 2008;2:208–13. Tuve S, Wang H, Ware C, Liu Y, Gaggar A, Bernt K, et al. A new group B adenovirus receptor is expressed at high levels on human stem and tumor cells. J Virol. 2006;80:12109–20. Verma IM, Weitzman MD. Gene therapy: twenty-first century medicine. Annu Rev Biochem. 2005;74:711–38. Vigna E, Naldini L. Lentiviral vectors: excellent tools for experimental gene transfer and promising candidates for gene therapy. J Gene Med. 2000;2:308–16. Virta S, Rapola J, Jalanko A, Laine M. Use of nonviral promoters in adenovirus-mediated gene therapy: reduction of lysosomal storage in the aspartylglucosaminuria mouse. J Gene Med. 2006;8:699–706. Vogel R, Amar L, Thi AD, Saillour P, Mallet J. A single lentivirus vector mediates doxycycline-regulated expression of trans- genes in the brain. Hum Gene Ther. 2004;15:157–65. Waddington SN, McVey JH, Bhella D, Parker AL, Barker K, Atoda H, et al. Adenovirus serotype 5 hexon mediates liver gene transfer. Cell. 2008;132:397–409. Wadell G, Hammarskjold ML, Winberg G, Varsanyi TM, Sundell G. Genetic variability of adenoviruses. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;354:16–42. Wang K, Huang S, Kapoor-Munshi A, Nemerow G. Adenovi- rus internalization and infection require dynamin. J Virol. 1998;72:3455–8. Wang Z, Ma HI, Li J, Sun L, Zhang J, Xiao X. Rapid and highly efficient transduction by double-stranded adeno- associated virus vectors in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther. 2003;10:2105–11. Watson DJ, Kobinger GP, Passini MA, Wilson JM, Wolfe JH. Targeted transduction patterns in the mouse brain by lentivirus 19 vectors pseudotyped with VSV, Ebola, Mokola, LCMV, or MuLV envelope proteins. Molec Ther. 2002; 5:528–37. Weis W, Brown JH, Cusack S, Paulson JC, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC. Structure of the influenza virus haemagglutinin complexed with its receptor, sialic acid. Nature. 1988; 333:426–31. White SJ, Nicklin SA, Buning H, Brosnan MJ, Leike K, Papadakis ED, et al. Targeted gene delivery to vascular tissue in vivo by tropism-modified adeno-associated virus vectors. Circulation. 2004;109:513–9. Wickham TJ, Mathias P, Cheresh DA, Nemerow GR. Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 promote adenovirus internalization but not virus attachment. Cell. 1993;73:309–19. Wickham TJ, Tzeng E, Shears LL, Roelvink PW, Li Y, Lee GM, et al. Increased in vitro and in vivo gene transfer by adenovirus vectors containing chimeric fiber proteins. J Virol. 1997;71:8221–9. Wilson JM. Adenoviruses as gene-delivery vehicles. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1185–7. Wolff JA, Fisher LJ, Xu L, Jinnah HA, Langlais PJ, Iuvone PM, et al. Grafting fibroblasts genetically modified to produce L-dopa in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86: 9011–4. Wong LF, Azzouz M, Walmsley LE, Askham Z, Wilkes FJ, Mitrophanous KA, et al. Transduction patterns of pseudo- typed lentiviral vectors in the nervous system. Molec Ther. 2004;9:101–11. Wong LF, Ralph GS, Walmsley LE, Bienemann AS, Parham S, Kingsman SM, et al. Lentiviral-mediated delivery of Bcl-2 or GDNF protects against excitotox- icity in the rat hippocampus. Molec Ther. 2005;11:89– 95. Wright JF, Qu G, Tang C, Sommer JM. Recombinant adeno- associated virus: formulation challenges and strategies for a gene therapy vector. Curr Opin Drug Discov Dev. 2003;6:174–8. Wu E, Trauger SA, Pache L, Mullen TM, Von Seggern DJ, Siuzdak G, et al. Membrane cofactor protein is a receptor for adenoviruses associated with epidemic keratoconjunc- tivitis. J Virol. 2004;78:3897–905. Xu K, Ma H, McCown TJ, Verma IM, Kafri T. Generation of a stable cell line producing high-titer self-inactivating lentiviral vectors. Molec Ther. 2001;3:97–104. Yanez-Munoz RJ, Balaggan KS, MacNeil A, Howe SJ, Schmidt M, Smith AJ, et al. Effective gene therapy with non- integrating lentiviral vectors. Nat Med. 2006;12:348–53. Yang Y, Nunes FA, Berencsi K, Furth EE, Gonczol E, Wilson JM. Cellular immunity to viral antigens limits E1-deleted adenoviruses for gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994a;91:4407–11. Yang Y, Nunes FA, Berencsi K, Gonczol E, Engelhardt JF, Wilson JM. Inactivation of E2a in recombinant adenovi- ruses improves the prospect for gene therapy in cystic fibrosis. Nat Genet. 1994b;7:362–9. Yang Y, Li Q, Ertl HC, Wilson JM. Cellular and humoral immune responses to viral antigens create barriers to lung- directed gene therapy with recombinant adenoviruses. J Virol. 1995;69:2004–15.