Sicras-Mainar et al Table 1 General characteristics of the study sample in the absence or presence of obesity Study variables Nonobese (n = 30,843) Obese (n = 11,594) Total (n = 42,437) P Subjects treated with APDs (%) n = 344 (1.1%) n = 207 (1.8%) n = 551 (1.3%) General Mean age (SD), years 48.2 (18.8) 57.9 (15.5) 50.8 (18.4) Sex (females) 52.4 59.9 54.5 Mean visits/year 9.1 (8.5) 12.1 (9.8) 10.0 (9.0) Body mass index (SD), kg/m2 25.0 (3.0) 33.8 (3.6) 27.4 (5.1) Mean episodes/year 5.4 (3.6) 7.0 (4.0) 5.9 (3.8) Mean Charlson Index 0.3 (0.6) 0.5 (0.7) 0.4 (0.6) Antecedents or associated comorbidities Arterial hypertension 19.9 47.0 27.3 Dyslipidemia 22.6 35.9 26.3 Diabetes mellitus 9.0 19.0 11.7 Smokers 29.2 18.5 26.3 Ischemic heart disease 3.5 6.2 4.3 Stroke 2.0 2.3 2.1 Cardiovascular events 6.3 9.2 7.1 Alcoholism 1.9 1.7 1.8 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2.9 4.5 3.4 Bronchial asthma 3.8 4.7 4.1 Clinical parameters Systolic blood pressure (SD), mmHg 127.0 (16.6) 135.2 (16.1) 129.6 (16.9) Diastolic blood pressure (SD), mmHg 75.1 (9.5) 79.5 (9.4) 76.5 (9.7) Baseline blood glucose (SD), mg/dl 95.1 (25.5) 106.6 (32.8) 98.5 (28.4) Serum triglycerides (SD), mg/dl 112.3 (75.2) 140.6 (89.7) 121.5 (81.3) Total cholesterol (SD), mg/dl 204.9 (45.3) 221.4 (42.3) 217.7 (43.6) HDL-cholesterol (SD), mg/dl 48.3 (13.7) 44.0 (12.0) 46.9 (13.3) LDL-cholesterol (SD), mg/dl 138.0 (36.1) 143.1 (34.3) 139.6 (35.6) Notes: Values are given as percentage or mean. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; p, statistical signiﬁcance; NS, nonsigniﬁcant;APD, antipsychotic drug; HDL-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL- cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.042 0.0001 NS 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 was observed: arterial hypertension 47.0% vs. 19.9%, dyslipidemia 35.9% vs. 22.6%, diabetes mellitus 19.0% vs. 9.0%; and cardiovascular events 9.2% vs. 6.3%, respectively, p 0.001. The clinical parameters, systolic blood pressure: 135.2 (16.1) vs. 127.0 (16.6) mmHg; triglycerides: 140.6 (89.7) vs. 112.3 (75.2) mg/dl; total cholesterol: 221.4 (42.3) vs. 204.9 (45.3) mg/dl, and baseline blood glucose: 106.6 (32.8) vs. 95.1 (25.5) mg/dl, respectively (p = 0.001), in all cases (Table 1). BMI was signiﬁcantly higher in subjects on APDs: 28.8 vs. 27.3 kg/m2, p = 0.002, and remained higher after adjusting by age and sex: mean difference of 0.4 (0.1-0.7, p 0.01). In the ﬁnal logistic model (Table 2), corrected for age and sex, obesity was seen to be associated with APD use (OR = 1.5 [CI: 1.3–1.8]), hypertension (OR = 2.4 [CI: 2.2–2.5]), diabetes (OR = 1.4 [CI: 1.3–1.5]) and dyslipidemia (OR = 1.3 [CI: 1.2–1.4]), p 0.001. Patient age and sex were likewise signiﬁcantly associated to the presence of obesity; the male sex was associated with a 20%–30% lesser prob- ability of being obese (p 0.0001), while a one-year increase in age was associated to a 10%–30% increase in the risk of obesity (p 0.0001). The general characteristics and clinical parameters of the patients according to APD use versus the control group are reported in Table 3. These subjects show a greater mean age of 56.4 (19.5) vs. 50.7 (18.4) years, BMI 28.8 (5.7) vs. 27.3 (5.1) kg/m2, noticeably higher baseline blood glucose and triglyceride levels, and lower HDLc concentrations, respectively (p 0.001), in all cases. 222 Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2008:4(1)