Journal of Environmental and Public Health 3 Table 1: Characteristics of the study sample (n = 377, 160). Table 1: Continued. Percentages ± standard error (SE) Characteristic Percentages ± standard error (SE) of the study population, whereas Hispanics made up 14.4%. Over 60% of study participants had above high school educa- tion and approximately the same percentage were employed. In a multiethnic, representative sample of US adults, increas- ing categories of insuﬃcient rest/sleep were shown to be pos- itively associated with poor SRH overall and the association Characteristic Women 65 and over Race/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black Hispanic Other Education level Below high school High school Above high school Employment status Employed Unemployed Retired Unable to work Homemaker Student Annual household income < $15,000 $15,000–$24,999 $25,000–$34,999 $35,000–$49,999 ≥ $50,000 Married Smoking Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker Heavy drinker No regular exercise Body mass index categories Normal Overweight or Obese CVD Depression Anxiety Insuﬃcient rest/sleep 0 days 1–6 days 7–13 days 14–20 days 21–29 days 30 days Self-rated health Excellent Very good 49.6 ± .2 16.7 ± .1 68.5 ± .2 9.7 ± .1 14.4 ± .2 6.8 ± .1 10.8 ± .1 28.6 ± .2 60.6 ± .2 60.8 ± .2 6.0 ± .1 15.8 ± .1 5.0 ± .1 7.6 ± .1 4.8 ± .1 8.6 ± .1 13.7 ± .1 9.9 ± .1 13.0 ± .1 44.3 ± .2 60.2 ± .2 18.7 ± .1 24.6 ± .1 56.8 ± .2 5.3 ± .1 24.9 ± .1 36.9 ± .2 63.1 ± .2 8.2 ± .1 1.4 ± .03 1.1 ± .03 30.5 ± .2 29.7 ± .2 11.9 ± .1 13.4 ± .1 3.5 ± .1 11.0 ± .1 20.8 ± .1 33.1 ± .2 Good Fair Poor 100 90 80 70 60 )%50 ( 40 30 20 10 0 30.1 ± .2 11.7 ± .1 4.2 ± .1 0 1–6 7–13 14–20 21–29 Days of insuﬃcient rest/sleep in prior month 30 Good Poor Figure 1: Insuﬃcient rest/sleep by SRH. X-axis: Categories of insuf- ﬁcient rest or sleep in the past month. Y-axis: Weighted proportion (%) of subjects within each insuﬃcient rest/sleep category. About 57% were current smokers, 5.3% were heavy drinkers, 63.1% were overweight or obese, and 25% reported no regular exercise. Finally, 8.6% of study subjects fell into the lowest income quintile and 8.2% reported having CVD. Figure 1 presents the unadjusted distribution of SRH by categories of insuﬃcient rest/sleep. Percentage of those with good SRH decreases across increasing categories of insuﬃ- cient rest/sleep, whereas the opposite is true for individuals with poor SRH. Table 2 presents the association between increasing cat- egories of insuﬃcient rest/sleep and poor SRH. We found that in the unadjusted model, a positive association between increasing categories of insuﬃcient rest/sleep and poor SRH was evident only from ≥14 days of insuﬃcient rest/sleep. However, with multivariable adjustment, a linear dose-res- ponse association was evident (P-trend <0.0001). Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 present the association between insuﬃcient rest/sleep and poor SRH within stratiﬁed sub- groups of gender, age, BMI, and race-ethnicity categories. We found that the positive association between insuﬃcient rest/sleep and poor SRH persisted across all these stratiﬁed subgroups. Also, there was no statistically signiﬁcant inter- action between insuﬃcient rest/sleep and SRH by age group, gender, or race/ethnciity (all P-interactions >0.10). 4. Discussion