Psychopharmacology (2009) 205:689–698 heart rate, blood pressure, pupil diameter, oral temperature, or spontaneous blink rate or in self-rated measures of dizziness, queasiness, happiness, or sensory sensitivity (Table 2). Pramipexole tended to diminish startle magnitude on pulse trials, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. Across all subjects, ANOVA of startle magnitude on all trial types revealed no significant main effect of pramipexole (F = 2.94, df 1,38, 0.10 > p > 0.05) or Table 2 Autonomic and subjective effects of pramipexole (mean (SEM)) 693 dose group (F < 1), and no pramipexole × dose group interaction (F = 2.12, df 1,38, ns). There was a significant effect of trial type (reflecting the startle-reducing effects of prepulses: F = 33.14, df 5,190, p < 0.0001), but no other significant two- or three-way interactions. Inspection of the data (Fig. 2) suggested no effect of 0.125 mg pramipexole on startle magnitude, and this was confirmed by ANOVA (placebo vs. 0.125 mg, F < 1; main effect of trial type, F = 15.42, df 5,95, p < 0.0001; no significant Min Heart rate post-pill (BPM) BP systolic (mm) BP diastolic (mm) Queasy (VAS) Dizzy (VAS) Cannot focus (VAS) Sounds loud (VAS) Happy (VAS) Pupila (mm) Tempb (°F) 0.125 mg group Change after placebo Change after active dose 0.1875 mg group Change after placebo Change after active dose a Diameter b Oral temperature c Pre-pill baseline 0c 15 80 110 140 220 255 445 0 15 80 110 140 220 255 445 0 15 80 110 140 220 255 445 0 15 80 110 140 220 255 445 68.6 (1.4) 116.4 (1.7) 69.3 (1.5) 2.6 (1.0) 2.8 (1.2) 6.6 (3.5) 2.2 (0.9) 0.6 (0.8) −1.3 (1.1) −0.7 (0.7) 0.6 (1.1) 1.4 (1.0) 0.9 (0.8) 1.1 (0.7) 1.6 (1.1) −1.6 (1.8) 1.8 (1.1) 1.8 (1.7) 3.4 (1.6) 1.2 (1.0) 1.0 (1.0) 2.6 (1.1) −2.3 (1.6) 1.4 (1.3) 1.4 (1.5) 1.6 (1.7) 1.6 (0.9) 1.4 (1.4) 1.6 (1.1) −3.0 (1.6) 1.0 (1.2) 1.2 (1.6) 2.3 (2.5) 0.1 (1.3) 0.8 (0.7) 0.4 (1.3) −1.5 (1.7) −1.7 (1.6) −0.7 (1.1) −0.6 (1.0) 1.8 (2.6) 1.1 (1.0) 1.4 (1.5) −0.6 (1.6) −0.7 (1.7) −0.7 (1.2) −0.2 (1.2) 0.6 (1.4) 0.8 (0.6) – – – – – – – 67.4 (1.5) 114.1 (1.7) 69.0 (1.6) 2.0 (0.7) 2.6 (0.9 6.5 (3.0) 2.7 (1.0) 1.9 (0.9) −1.6 (0.6) −2.6 (0.9) 0.4 (0.5) 1.1 (1.1) 0.1 (1.6) 0.5 (0.6) 1.8 (1.1) −2.3 (0.9) −0.6 (1.1) 1.5 (1.0) 1.7 (1.2) 1.1 (1.8) 5.0 (3.2) 0.8 (1.3) −2.6 (0.9) −0.3 (1.3) 1.9 (1.4) 4.8 (2.9) 0.7 (2.1) 1.8 (1.3) 1.0 (1.2) −3.6 (1.1) −1.0 (1.3) 1.3 (0.9) 2.1 (1.2) 1.1 (2.0) 1.2 (1.0) 3.8 (1.2) 0.3 (1.0) −0.1 (1.2) 0.6 (0.6) 0.5 (0.6) 0.7 (2.0) 0.8 (1.0) 3.4 (1.2) 0.1 (1.0) −1.1 (1.3) 1.2 (0.9) 0.4 (0.5) −0.1 (1.7) 0.3 (0.6) – – – – – – – 67.6 (6.0) 5.4 (0.2) −1.1 (1.8) – −3.0 (2.1) – −4.8 (2.9) – −0.8 (2.2) 0.0 (0.2) −3.4 (2.7) – −4.2 (3.4) – – 0.3 (0.1) 64.4 (6.5) 5.2 (0.2) 2.9 (2.4) – −3.3 (3.4) – −1.8 (4.4) – −4.7 (3.2) 0.4 (0.2) −0.7 (4.4) – 0.5 (3.6) – – 0.7 (0.2) 97.3 (0.1) – – – 0.1 (0.1) – – 0.4 (0.1) 97.3 (0.1) – – – 0.3 (0.1) – – 0.4 (0.2) 65.6 (2.3) 112.9 (2.6) 64.7 (1.4) 1.9 (0.8) 1.5 (0.4) 2.8 (1.4) −0.9 (1.0) 0.1 (1.2) −0.2 (0.6) 4.9 (4.9) 2.8 (1.5) 0.3 (1.2 1.3 (1.5) −0.7 (0.8 4.2 (3.6 3.2 (1.4) 0.2 (1.2) 1.8 (1.1) −0.2 (0.2) 3.2 (2.9) 2.0 (1.8) −0.1 (1.0) 2.5 (1.0) −0.6 (0.7) 3.1 (3.3) 2.6 (1.8) 0.6 (1.5) 2.3 (1.2) −0.9 (0.6) 3.6 (4.0) 2.6 (1.7) 0.2 (1.6) 1.5 (1.3) −0.9 (0.6) 4.8 (4.9) – – – – – 66.2 (1.7) 111.5 (2.4) 64.1 (1.6) 1.4 (0.3) 1.6 (0.6) 3.0 (1.0) 0.2 (1.6) 0.8 (1.8) 0.6 (0.3) 1.4 (0.9) 3.0 (1.4) −1.6 (1.3) 1.8 (1.6) 0.1 (0.4) 1.8 (1.3) 3.2 (1.4) −1.0 (1.6) 1.9 (1.9) 0.2 (0.3) 0.8 (0.5) 1.6 (1.1) −0.8 (1.6) 3.4 (2.1) 0.6 (0.4) 3.0 (2.5) 4.2 (1.2) 1.7 (2.1) 1.0 (1.4) 0.2 (0.4) 3.1 (2.6) 3.9 (1.7) 4.2 (2.4) 4.5 (1.6) 0.5 (0.6) 4.4 (3.9) – – – – – 1.2 (0.4) 5.8 (3.5) 87.9 (3.7) 5.5 (0.2) 97.5 (0.1) 0.2 (0.2) −2.0 (1.3) −1.4 (1.6) – – −0.1 (0.3) −2.0 (1.1 −5.3 (2.5) – – −0.2 (0.3) −2.2 (1.3) −4.8 (2.7) – – 0.2 (0.3) −1.7 (1.4) −4.0 (2.7) 0.3 (0.2) 0.2 (0.2) 0.2 (0.3) −2.1 (1.7) −2.8 (3.1) – – 0.6 (0.3) −2.3 (2.0) −3.3 (3.6) – – – – – −0.3 (0.2) 0.4 (0.1) 1.6 (0.4) 3.6 (2.3) 89.1 (4.1) 5.7 (0.3) 97.6 (0.2) 1.1 (0.7) 0.8 (0.7) 0.2 (1.2) – – 0.1 (0.5) 0.9 (0.5) 0.0 (1.3) – – −0.4 (0.5) 1.1 (0.7) −4.5 (2.1) – – −0.2 (0.4) 0.6 (0.7) −3.4 (2.1) 0.2 (0.3) 0.2 (0.1) −0.5 (0.4) −0.2 (0.5) −3.5 (2.4) – – −0.1 (0.3) −2.0 (2.4) −1.4 (2.3) – – – – – −0.3 (0.3) 0.3 (0.2)