6 Time June 2007 July 2007 August 2007 September 2007 October 2007 November 2007 December 2007 January 2008 February 2008 March 2008 April 2008 May 2008 June 2008 July 2008 August 2008 Total preintervention October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 January 2009 February 2009 March 2009 April 2009 May 2009 June 2009 July 2009 August 2009 September 2009 October 2009 November 2009 December 2009 Total postintervention Table 4: Pre- versus postintervention neonatal mortality rate. International Journal of Pediatrics Live births 241 208 279 285 267 175 198 208 172 203 200 205 217 245 274 3377 280 217 259 193 207 224 177 213 227 263 260 266 191 227 234 3439 Total neonatal deaths 1 6 8 7 4 1 3 9 3 4 3 7 6 6 4 72 6 1 6 4 1 2 2 4 10 9 15 4 4 9 0 77 Total deliveries 242 214 287 292 271 176 201 217 175 207 203 212 223 251 278 3449 286 218 265 197 208 226 179 217 237 272 275 270 195 236 234 3515 Percent mortality 0.004132 0.028037 0.027875 0.023973 0.014760 0.005682 0.014925 0.041475 0.017143 0.019324 0.014778 0.033019 0.026906 0.023904 0.014388 0.020876 0.020979 0.004587 0.022642 0.020305 0.004808 0.008850 0.011173 0.018433 0.042194 0.033088 0.054545 0.014815 0.020513 0.038136 0.000000 0.021906 proximal measures, however, and do not evaluate many projects’ goals such as reducing neonatal mortality. We believe the primary contribution of this study is that it creates a compelling case for applying rigorous evaluation strategies to international health education initiatives. Longitudinal relationships with community partners are required for thor- ough evaluation. Short-term commitments can be unhelpful, costly in time and money, or even harmful. We aspire to practice evidence-based medicine for the betterment of patient outcomes as physicians in the United States. We should hold ourselves to the same, high standards when providing care to the developing world. Appendix For more details, see Table 4. Abbreviations BNR: Basic newborn resuscitation ENC: Essential newborn care HFSFs: Health facility surveillance forms HBB: Helping babies breathe LPCH: Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital NRP: Neonatal Resuscitation Program WHO: World Health Organization. Conﬂict of Interests The authors declare no conﬂict of interests. Acknowledgments First, the authors are indebted to their community collaborators, without whom this work would not be