Desjardins et al malignant glioma tumors, it is likely that combinations of these approaches, as well as better identiﬁcation of factors predictive of response or failure to speciﬁc agents among patients, will be required as we move forward to improve the outcome of MG patients. Drug and compounds Temozolomide (Temodar®,Temodal®; Schering-Plough Corporation, NJ, USA); O6-benzylguanine; lomustine; BCNU; bevacizumab (Avastin®; Genentech, CA, USA); Vatalanib (PTK787/ZK222584; Novartis); Gefinitib (ZD1839, Iressa®; AstraZeneca, UK); Erlotinib (OSI- 774, Tarceva®; OSI Pharmaceuticals); imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®; Novartis, NJ, USA); hydroxyurea; tipifarnib (Zarnestra®, R115777; Johnson and Johnson, NJ, USA); lonafarnib (Sarasar®, SCH66336; Schering-Plough, NJ, USA); AAL881 (Novartis); sorafenib (Nexavar®; Bayer, CT, USA); tamoxifen; enzastaurin (LY317615, Eli-Lilly, IN, USA); cilengitide (EMD121974, EMD Pharma- ceuticals, NC, USA); AEE788 (Novartis); vandetanib (ZD6474, Zactima®; AstraZeneca); sunitinib malate (Sutent®, SU11248; Pﬁzer); Gliadel®; stereotactic radio- surgery; GliaSite®; radiolabeled antitenascin monoclonal antibodies; convection enhanced delivery (CED); cintre- dekin besudotox (IL13-PE38QQR; NeoPharm, IL, USA); cediranib (AZD2171; AstraZeneca, UK); VEGF-TRAP (Regeneron, Inc., NY, USA); perifosine (Keryx Biophar- maceuticals, New York, NY, USA); rapamycin (sirolimus; Wyeth, Madison, NJ, USA); temsirolimus (CCI-779; Wyeth); everolimus (RAD001; Novartis); AP23573 (Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA); PI-103 (AMG- 706; Amgen). 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