6 [28] G. Turrell, M. Haynes, N. W. Burton et al., “Neighborhood disadvantage and physical activity: baseline results from the HABITAT multilevel longitudinal study,” Annals of Epidemiol- ogy, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 171–181, 2010. [29] S. Foster and B. Giles-Corti, “The built environment, neigh- borhood crime and constrained physical activity: an explo- ration of inconsistent ﬁndings,” Preventive Medicine, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 241–251, 2008. [30] F. Li, K. J. Fisher, R. C. Brownson, and M. Bosworth, “Multilevel modelling of built environment characteristics related to neighbourhood walking activity in older adults,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 558–564, 2005. [31] J. Mota, A. Lacerda, M. P. Santos, J. C. Ribeiro, and J. Carvalho, “Perceived neighborhood environments and physical activity in an elderly sample,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 438–444, 2007. [32] F. N. Piro, Ø. Nœss, and B. Claussen, “Physical activity among elderly people in a city population: the inﬂuence of neighbourhood level violence and self perceived safety,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 626–632, 2006. [33] S. Wilcox, M. Bopp, L. Oberrecht, S. K. Kammermann, and C. T. McElmurray, “Psychosocial and perceived environmental correlates of physical activity in rural and older African American and white women,” Journals of Gerontology B, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. P329–P337, 2003. [34] K. Ball, V. J. Cleland, A. F. Timperio, J. Salmon, B. Giles- Corti, and D. A. Crawford, “Love thy neighbour? Associations of social capital and crime with physical activity amongst women,” Social Science and Medicine, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 807– 814, 2010. [35] M. L. Booth, N. Owen, A. Bauman, O. Clavisi, and E. Leslie, “Social-cognitive and perceived environment inﬂuences asso- ciated with physical activity in older Australians,” Preventive Medicine, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 15–22, 2000. [36] K. Lim and L. Taylor, “Factors associated with physical activity among older people—a population-based study,” Preventive Medicine, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 33–40, 2005. [37] D. J. H. Deeg, C. P. M. Knipscheer, and W. van Tilburg, Auton- omy and Well-Being in the Aging Population: Concepts and Design of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, Bunnik, The Netherlands, Netherlands Institute of Gerontology, 1993. [38] M. Huisman, J. Poppelaars, M. van der Horst et al., “Cohort proﬁle: the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam,” Interna- tional Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 868–876, 2011. [39] A. T. F. Beekman, D. J. H. Deeg, T. van Tilburg, J. H. Smit, C. Hooijer, and W. van Tilburg, “Major and minor depression in later life: a study of prevalence and risk factors,” Journal of Aﬀective Disorders, vol. 36, no. 1-2, pp. 65–75, 1995. [40] D. Gallagher, M. Visser, D. Sepu´ lveda, R. N. Pierson, T. Harris, and S. B. Heymsﬁeid, “How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups?” American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 143, no. 3, pp. 228–239, 1996. [41] J. C. Seidell and T. L. S. Visscher, “Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the elderly,” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 54, supplement 3, pp. S33– S39, 2000. [42] Misdaadmeter, 2001, http://www.ad.nl/misdaadmeter. [43] Statistics Netherlands, Quarter and Neighbourhood Register 2001, Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg/Heerlen, The Nether- lands, 2003. Journal of Environmental and Public Health [44] V. S. Stel, J. H. Smit, S. M. F. Pluijm, M. Visser, D. J. H. Deeg, and P. Lips, “Comparison of the LASA physical activity questionnaire with a 7-day diary and pedometer,” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 252–258, 2004. [45] A. C. J. Nooyens, T. L. S. Visscher, A. Jantine Schuit et al., “Eﬀects of retirement on lifestyle in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference in Dutch men: a prospective study,” Public Health Nutrition, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1266–1274, 2005. [46] S. E. Parks, R. A. Housemann, and R. C. Brownson, “Diﬀer- ential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 29–35, 2003. [47] I. H. Yen and G. A. Kaplan, “Poverty area residence and changes in physical activity level: evidence from the Alameda County Study,” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 1709–1712, 1998. [48] K. J. Krizek, P. J. Johnson, and N. Tilahun, Gender Diﬀerences in Bicycling Behaviour and Facility Preferences. Research on Women’s Issues, Report of a Conference, vol. 2 of Technical Pa- pers, Transportation Research Board, Chicago, Ill, USA, 2005. [49] T. L. S. Visscher, J. C. Seidell, A. Molarius, D. van der Kuip, A. Hofman, and J. C. M. Witteman, “A comparison of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as predictors of all-cause mortality among the elderly: the Rotterdam study,” International Journal of Obesity, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1730–1735, 2001. [50] R. K. Dishman, R. A. Washburn, and D. A. Schoeller, “Meas- urement of physical activity,” Quest, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 295–309, 2001. [51] N. Schwarz, “Self-reports: how the questions shape the an- swers,” American Psychologist, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 93–105, 1999. [52] G. C. W. Wendel-Vos, A. J. Schuit, R. de Niet, H. C. Boshuizen, W. H. M. Saris, and D. Kromhout, “Factors of the physical environment associated with walking and bicycling,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 725–730, 2004. [53] F. J. van Lenthe, J. Brug, and J. P. MacKenbach, “Neighbour- hood inequalities in physical inactivity: the role of neigh- bourhood attractiveness, proximity to local facilities and safety in the Netherlands,” Social Science and Medicine, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 763–775, 2005. [54] N. Owen, N. Humpel, E. Leslie, A. Bauman, and J. F. Sallis, “Understanding environmental inﬂuences on walking: review and research agenda,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 67–76, 2004. [55] I. de Bourdeaudhuij, J. F. Sallis, and B. E. Saelens, “Environ- mental correlates of physical activity in a sample of Belgian adults,” American Journal of Health Promotion, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 83–92, 2003. [56] T. Sugiyama, J. Francis, N. J. Middleton, N. Owen, and B. Giles-CortI, “Associations between recreational walking and attractiveness, size, and proximity of neighborhood open spaces,” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 100, no. 9, pp. 1752–1757, 2010.