6 consequences on bone health might become signiﬁcant in the long term, because of a possible lower peak bone mass. Using cola as an alternative to milk would be expected to reduce calcium supply as well. The data of the present study did not show any correlation between cola consumption and milk intake, and additional controlling for milk in the analyses in Table 3 did not change the results. Thus, it does not seem that intake of colas or other sweetened soft drinks in our study of adults are consumed at the expense of milk. This study has several limitations. First, the oldest sub- jects are 59/60 years since those 75/76 years did not get the question about consumption of cola. Thus the individuals with the highest risk of low BMD are not included. Second, our results are based upon cross sectional data. Hence, con- clusions about cause-and-eﬀect associations would be inap- propriate. Third, we may have information bias as regards self-reported intake frequencies of food items and beverages. Furthermore, there is a chance of unmeasured remaining confounding variables. The questionnaire data do not allow calculation of exact intake amounts of various foods, or even their intake frequencies using the same unit, since one re- sponse alternative was “rarely/never”. We therefore applied 1 to 6 linear levels for intakes of food items and 1 to 5 levels for the beverages. Although our estimates of food and beverage intakes are not reﬂecting true intake frequencies or amounts, it is likely that the classiﬁcation of self reported intakes into six (or ﬁve) linear levels would serve to illustrate variations in the intake pattern between groups of subjects. Thus, we have used the units only as a crude estimate to illustrate the intake frequency pattern of various diet items. However, the BMD impacts of corresponding levels of the various diet items are not directly comparable. 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