4 HAART. It was projected to be highly cost-eﬀective, averting the downstream medical costs associated with pediatric HIV infection [46]. All but one of 17 Latina pregnant and post- partum women positively evaluated a proposed hypothetical modiﬁed DOT program [29] suggesting that at least some women would be accepting of this approach. 6. Summary Surprisingly, although it is generally accepted that the main- tenance of good health of the pregnant women through the treatment of underlying maternal medical conditions is of potential beneﬁt to the unborn fetus, medication nonadher- ence is a commonly encountered problem in this population. As in the nonpregnant patient the problem is complex with many factors playing a role; however, additional issues such as the potential eﬀects of the medication on the baby may aﬀect the mother’s decision-making process. 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