4 5874 women and found that this polymorphism is a risk factor for pregnancy complications and correlated with ad- verse outcomes. On the other hand, some researchers have shown no association between inherited thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss [41–45], possibly because either the only evaluated SNP was MTHFR C677T [43, 44] or the sam- ple sizes were small, that is, 40 patients and 20 controls [42] and 55 women with recurrent pregnancy loss and 50 controls [41]. Additionally, in a Malasyan population, the identiﬁca- tion of FV Leiden and FII G20210A in women with recurrent pregnancy loss was also low [46]. Our results are in contrast with previous recurrent preg- nancy loss studies in Latin American populations. Brazilian women carrying FV Leiden had a 4.9 times higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss than noncarriers [9], and women heterozygous for FV Leiden from Uruguay had a 5 times higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss than noncarriers (CI 95%, 1.5–21) [47]. Therefore, our study highlights spe- cial genetic characteristics in this triethnic population from Colombia compared to populations with a higher percentage of Caucasians [23, 24]. Our results conﬁrm the diﬀerences in the genetic background between Caucasian and non-Cau- casian populations, in one extreme populations such as the Japanese that virtually lacks FV Leiden carriers [48] and somewhere in the spectrum of thrombophilia frequency, our triethnic population with low frequency but identiﬁable thrombophilia-associated SNPs. These results provide evi- dence of how a genetic component such as polymorphisms in genes associated with thrombosis and its interaction with diverse environmental factors such as food, geographical location, medical resources, public health, and the age of the woman could lead to variable manifestations of complex diseases such as recurrent pregnancy loss. In the current study, the wide conﬁdence intervals sug- gest that the estimated sample size of 300 individuals was insuﬃcient to detect diﬀerences between patients with recur- rent pregnancy loss and control women for whom the power of the study decreased from an estimated 80% to 30% for detections of an OR of 2.0 with a frequency of 0.5% for FV Leiden in the controls. Nevertheless, our results are valuable because they conﬁrm that the frequency of these inherited thrombophilias in our populations is low; therefore, we be- lieve that there is no justiﬁcation to recommend testing in- herited thrombophilias in the initial evaluation of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. To detect an association bet- ween thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss, it would be necessary to increase considerably the sample size but with unlikely clinical signiﬁcance. Author’s Contribution These authors contributed equally to this study. 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