6 be interesting to test whether micro-RNA 205 can predict beneﬁt to those drugs as a companion diagnostic superior to histological type. 5. Concluding Remarks At the dawn of companion diagnostics in NSCLC, a number of diﬀerent tests establish the role of the pathologist as the prescribing physician. Indeed, such tests guide clinical decisions in a similar fashion to trastuzumab administration on the basis of HER2 positivity or antiestrogen treatment on the basis of estrogen receptor positivity in breast cancer. As more and more tests will be required in every newly diagnosed patient, standardization of the assays as well as further clariﬁcation of the biology of the candidate markers, becomes increasingly relevant as legitimate goals in both research and clinical practice. Last, but not least, laboratories that perform these tests should be certiﬁed by national or global institutions like Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). 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