Original Article was used in our center initially, was not found very use- ful in the diagnostics of CCSVI pathologies. Probably, the advanced MRV sequences, with quantitative measuring of the blood flow, will be even more useful than our proto- cols. However, for the time being, there are no such widely accepted and standardized MRV protocols. Our MRV proto- col is simple and very efficient in diagnosing CCSVI abnor- malities. Moreover, it could be implemented in the majority of MR scanners, produced after 2005. Similarly to the already published four grades of pathologic outflow diagnosed with catheter venography, we herewith propose 4 MRV grades of CCSVI: 1. mildly decreased flow – demonstrated by a mildly increased signal on coronal T2FatSat images; 2. moderately decreased flow – demonstrated by a moder- ately increased signal on coronal T2FatSat images, and by a slightly decreased signal on axial 2DTOF images; 3. highly decreased flow – demonstrated by a significantly increased signal on coronal T2FatSat images and by a significantly decreased signal on axial 2DTOF images; 4. severely decreased flow – demonstrated by an increased signal on coronal T2FatSat images and by an almost References: 1. Zamboni P, Galeotti R, Menegatti E et al: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with MS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2009; 80: 392–99 2. Zamboni P, Menegatti E, Galeotti R et al: The value of cerebral Doppler venous haemodynamics in the assessment of MS. 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MRV, with our protocols, is a reliable diagnostic tool for the assessment of flow disturbances in IJVs and AV. Further research is needed to investigate the significance of this venous pathology and its potential impact on MS. The described protocol is not too sophisticated and can be used in most of the modern magnetic resonance units. Ethical issues The diagnostics of CCSVI using MRI was approved by the Bioethical Committee of the Regional Silesian Board of Physician in Katowice, Poland (approval No: 7/2010). All patients provided their written consent to undergo this procedure. 11. Vedentham S, Benenati JF, Kundu S et al: Interventional endovascular management of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis: a position statement by the Society of Interventional Radiology, endorsed by the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2010; 21: 1335–37 12. 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