634 MOCHIZUKI-KAWAI ET AL. The attendance rate for the SFA programme was 62.5%. Although this rate was not particularly high, it seems to be higher than that of a previous study involving a horticultural therapy programme conducted at the same facility (Yamakawa et al., 2008). The present attendance rate was nearly double that of an ordinary daily non-horticultural programme (Yamakawa et al., 2008). These ﬁndings agree with previous studies involving horticultural therapy (Pereira & Pereira, 2009; Sullivan, 1979). It is important to reduce anxiety levels and improve motivation during the cognitive approach with schizophrenic patients. Medalia and Richardson (2005) reported that high motivation (high attendance rate) among schizophrenic patients may lead to a better outcome for cognitive rehabilitation based on computational studies. It is probable that, irrespective of the training tool, psychological care for participants in cognitive remediation training will probably facilitate cognitive improvements. In this study, we only compared the present attend- ance rate and that of a previous study using horticultural therapy executed in the same facility. As a next step, we could compare the effectiveness of facilitating attendance between the SFA programme and other therapies. Additionally, in the SFA procedure, the ﬂoral arrangement process was divided into four to ﬁve stages. Such a step-by-step procedure might support participants’ planning ability in a similar way to that of Problem- solving Therapy (von Cramon, Matthes-von Cramon, & Mai, 1991). We plan to investigate the effects of the SFA treatment on other cognitive abilities such as planning, organisational ability and skill learning. There are some limitations to the present pilot study. First, the sample size was small. It is necessary to investigate the cognitive and psychological out- comes of the SFA programme in larger and more randomly sampled groups. Second, cost-effectiveness and social outcomes of this programme remain to be examined. REFERENCES American Psychiatric Association (2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Dis- orders Text Revision. (DSM-IV-TR). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Ashman, T. A., Cantor, J. B., Gordon, W. A., Sacks, A., Spielman, L., Egan, M., et al. (2008). A comparison of cognitive functioning in older adults with and without traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 23(3), 139–148. Aubin, G., Stip, E., Ge´linas, I., Rainville, C., & Chapparo, C. (2009). Daily activities, cognition and community functioning in persons with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 107(2 – 3), 313–318. Bell, M., Bryson, G., Greig, T., Corcoran, C., & Wexler, B. E. (2001). Neurocognitive enhance- ment therapy with work therapy: effects on neuropsychological test performance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(8), 763–768. Bor, D., Duncan, J., Lee, A. C., Parr, A., & Owen, A. M. (2006). Frontal lobe involvement in spatial span: Converging studies of normal and impaired function. Neuropsychologia, 44(2), 229–237.