Iranian J Parasitol: Vol. 6, No.3, 2011, pp.60-65 of the lesion, was observed at week 9 to 11 in cured mice which declined the cure rate from 80% to 50% in the experimental group, considering the fact that Balb/c mice are highly susceptible to L. major infection and this strain of mice is unable to control the infection even with therapy (6). In conclusion, the results suggested that topi- cal films might be useful for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The advantages of using film form of the drug as follows: Continuous contact of the drug with the le- sions, which promote cure rate, also gradual release of the drug provides parasiticidal ef- fects of the drug continuously. Low efficacy of different forms of paromomycin like lo- tion or ointment in some studies might be due to a short contact period of the drug with the lesions or removal of the drug by the pa- tients’ daily activities, in case of using films containing the drug guarantees continues contact of the drug with the lesion. Finally, Human trials are needed to prove the possi- ble efficacy of the preparation. Acknowledgements The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests. This paper is part of MSc thesis, supported financially by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. References 1. Desjeux P. Human leishmaniasis: epidemiology and public health as- pects. World Health Stat Q. 1992;45(2-3):267-75. 2. Firooz A, Khamesipour A, Ghoorchi MH, Nassiri-Kashani M, Eskandari SE, Khatami A, Hooshmand B, Gorouhi F, Rashighi-Firoozabadi M, Dowlati Y. Imiquimod in combination with meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a random- 64 ized assessor-blind controlled trial. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Dec; 142 (12): 1575-9. 3. Hadighi R, Mohebali M, Boucher P, Hajjaran H, Khamesipour A, Ouellette M.Unresponsiveness to Glucantime treatment in Iranian cutaneous lei- shmaniasis due to drug-resistant Leishmania tropica parasites. PLoS Med. 2006;3(5):e162. Epub 2006 Apr 18. 4. Croft SL, Coombs GH. Leishmani- asis--current chemotherapy and recent advances in the search for novel drugs. Trends Parasitol. 2003; 19(11):502-8. 5. Asilian A, Jalayer T, Nilforooshzadeh M, Ghassemi RL, Peto R, Wayling S, et al. Treatment of cutaneous leishmani- asis with aminosidine (paromomycin) ointment: double-blind, randomized trial in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Bull World Health Organ. 2003; 81(5):353-9. 6. Jaafari MR, Bavarsad N, Bazzaz BS, Samiei A, Soroush D, Ghorbani S, et al. Effect of topical liposomes con- taining paromomycin sulfate in the course of Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. Antim- icrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53(6): 2259-65. 7. Croft SL, Seifert K, Yardley V. Cur- rent scenario of drug development for leishmaniasis. Indian J Med Res. 2006;123(3):399-410. 8. Armijos RX, Weigel MM, Calvopiña M, Mancheno M, Rodriguez R (2004). Comparison of the effectiveness of two topical paromomycin treatments versus meglumine antimoniate for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Acta Trop. 91(2): 153-160. 9. Ben Salah A, Buffet PA, Morizot G, Ben Massoud N, Zâatour A, Ben Alaya N, Haj Hamida NB, El Ahmadi Z, Downs MT, Smith PL, Dellagi K,