J Neurol (2012) 259:1832–1839 Stroke subject Age Gender Detail Table 1 Data from questionnaire and results from pattern glare test for stroke subjects Table 2 Data from questionnaire and results from pattern glare test for control subjects PGS mid- SF PGS mid- high difference PGS high- SF Control subject Age Gender Detail PGS mid- SF PGS mid- high difference 0 4 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 83 38 64 72 71 52 77 65 62 69 56 49 76 43 81 80 74 72 59 85 Female Female Female Male Male Male Female Male Male Female Female Female Female Male Female Female Female Male Male Male Precision tint Migraine Migraine 5 6 5 1 5 5 3 2 3 0 2 3 1 4 1 5 3 2 0 2 5 2 3 1 3 4 2 2 2 0 2 3 1 2 1 4 2 2 0 2 stroke participants versus control subjects when viewing the mid-SF pattern (unpaired t test: t = 2.457, df = 38, p = 0.019); this was also the case when comparing the relative score of the mid-high difference (unpaired t test: t = 5.421, df = 38, p \ 0.0001). When subjects were asked to view the high-SF spatial frequency grating, however, the control subjects yielded a higher pattern glare score than the stroke subjects (Mann–Whitney U test: p = 0.040). One of the stroke participants (subject 2) had reported during the initial questionnaire that she had previously used spectral ﬁlters and continued to use precision tinted lenses on an on-going basis. Although these were not worn whilst undertaking the pattern glare test, the prolonged use of ﬁlters may have potentially altered performance on a test designed to induce visual stress. It is of interest to high- light, however, that this subject did score highly when viewing the mid-SF pattern (pattern glare score = 6), and moderately so on the relative score of the mid-high dif- ference (pattern glare score = 2). Notwithstanding this, the data were considered again, with this subject omitted from all subsequent analyses. With the removal of this subject, the mean age of the stroke group (mean 67.89, SD 11.97 years) was higher than the control participants (mean 58.40, SD 14.46 years; unpaired t test: t = 2.227, df = 37, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 45 38 63 68 70 55 84 36 38 62 55 60 50 68 83 61 60 54 40 78 Female Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Male Female Male Male Male Female Male Male Male Female Female Female Migraine Migraine Migraine 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 0 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 1 0 -1 0 -2 -1 0 1 1 1 -1 1 -2 -1 1 1 1 0 2 0 Table 3 Results from the pattern glare test detailing mean pattern glare scores for stroke and control participants Mid-SF Mid-high difference High-SF Score (mean ± SD) Score (mean ± SD) 2.9 ± 1.83 2.15 ± 1.27 0.75 ± 1.07 Stroke (n = 20) 1.65 ± 1.35 0.10 ± 1.12 1.55 ± 1.39 Control (n = 20) p = 0.032). This new data set were found to follow a normal distribution for scores on the mid-SF grating (p = 0.656) as well as for the relative score mid-high difference (p = 0.256) but not when considering data for the high-SF grating (p = 0.017). These data (see Table 4; Fig. 2), were comparable with earlier measures, demonstrating that the stroke participants score more highly on the mid-SF grating (unpaired t test: t = 2.197, df = 37, p = 0.034), and the mid-high differ- ence variable (unpaired t test: t = 5.301, df = 37, p = 0.000), whereas they score lower on the high-SF grating than control subjects (Mann–Whitney U test: p = 0.016). The data were also considered for the effect of gender in the stroke group. The males (mean 64.56, SD 12.40 years) 123 1835 PGS high- SF 0 2 1 0 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 2 5 2 0 0 3 4 2 2