and recovery (Galvao and Newton 2005). In one study of older adults acutely hospitalized for various conditions, a one-month exercise program during hospitalization resulted in improved functional outcomes, though it did not shorten length-of-stay (Siebens et al 2000). At the psychosocial level, exercise programs have been associated with increases in reported vitality (Whitehurst et al 2005) and decreased visits to doctor’s ofﬁces (Whitehurst et al 2005). Exercise has also been associated with reduced depression, anxiety, and increased sense of coherence (Singh et al 1997; Antunes et al 2005; Barbour and Blumenthal 2005; Kohut et al 2005). Group exercise programs represent a social opportunity to many older adults; the group interaction itself may become a major motivation for exercise program adher- ence and should not be overlooked in the design of exercise programs for this population. 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