370 or Dutch (L2) orthotactics that had an effect on the bilingual speakers. The present study was not designed to disentangle the differential role of L1 versus L2 orthotactic cues in compound parsing, nor would it be straightforward to do so in highly related languages such as Dutch and German. Our study shows that orthotactic cues that are highly familiar to the participants are used in compound processing. Further research should address whether L2 cues that differ from those in L1 are available to L2 speakers, as has been shown in the auditory domain (Weber & Cutler, 2006). Finally, in methodological terms, our results show that the parsing cue effect can serve as an indicator of decompositional processes in compound reading. 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