ELISA ELISA was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions. In brief, cells were seeded onto 24-well culture plates at a density of 1 × 104 cells/well and cultured in growth medium for 48 h to confluence. After treatment of the confluent cells under appropriate conditions, con- ditioned media were collected and centrifuged at 15000 × g for 30 min to remove particulates. A commercially avail- able sandwich ELISA kit (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN) was used to evaluate the secretion of TGF-β1 in the conditioned medium. The absorbance (450 nm) for each sample was analyzed by an ELISA reader and was inter- polated with a standard curve. Supplemental data Supplemental data include a figure and can be found with this article online at http://e-emm.or.kr/article/article_files/ SP-44-2-11.pdf. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Bio Research Grant fund- ed by the Pusan National University (PNU, Bio Research Fund; PNU-2008-059-7000). 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