Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1671-1691; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051671 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article How Do Price Minimizing Behaviors Impact Smoking Cessation? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey Andrea S. Licht 1,2,*, Andrew J. Hyland 1, Richard J. O’Connor 1, Frank J. Chaloupka 3, Ron Borland 4, Geoffrey T. Fong 5, Nigar Nargis 6 and K. Michael Cummings 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; E-Mails: andrew.hyland@roswellpark.org (A.J.H.); richard.o‘connor@roswellpark.org (R.J.O.); michael.cummings@roswellpark.org (K.M.C.) Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA; E-Mail: fjc@uic.edu Vic Health Center for Tobacco Control, the Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; E-Mail: ron.borland@cancervic.org.au Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; E-Mail: gfong@watarts.uwaterloo.ca Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; E-Mail: nnargis2100@gmail.com * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: andrea.licht@roswellpark.org; Tel.: +1-716-845-7619; Fax: +1-716-845-8487. Received: 15 April 2011; in revised form: 9 May 2011 / Accepted: 14 May 2011 / Published: 20 May 2011 Abstract: This paper examines how price minimizing behaviors impact efforts to stop smoking. Data on 4,988 participants from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Four-Country Survey who were smokers at baseline (wave 5) and interviewed at a 1 year follow-up were used. We examined whether price minimizing behaviors at baseline predicted: (1) cessation, (2) quit attempts, and (3) successful quit attempts at one year follow up using multivariate logistic regression modeling. A subset analysis included 3,387 participants who were current smokers at waves 5 and 6 and were followed through wave 7 to explore effects of changing purchase patterns on cessation. Statistical tests for interaction were performed to examine the joint effect of SES and