in circulating and tissue factors that regulate ICC differentiation and survival contribute to the profound depletion of mature ICC and impair gastric function. Conclusion In conclusion, oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to the development of stomach diseases. Recent therapeutic options such as gastroprotective agents including antioxidant properties (e.g., rebamipide) can modulate the level of oxidative stress to enhance anti-inflammatory or antioxidant capacity. The stomach is an organ in direct contact with external pathogens; by presenting a strong acid environment, it has a special biological defense mechanism that eliminates such pathogens. However, H. pylori manages to live in the stomach by breaking through this defensive line. 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