eGFR <60 eGFR ≥60 Pro (+) Pro (−) (a) eGFR <60 eGFR ≥60 Pro (+) Pro (−) † (b) (c) ∗ ∗ ∗ ) 76 % ( I A l a i rad72 e h t f o e lau68 v d e t s u j dA 0 )g 120 H m m ( 2 PB115 S e h t f o e lau110 v d e t s u j dA 0 ) c /se 14 m ( V PW13.5 a b e th 13 f o e u lav 12.5 d e t s jdu 0 A eGFR <60 eGFR ≥60 Pro (+) Pro (−) Figure 1: Adjusted values of the radial augmentation index, second peak of the radial pressure waveform, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in subjects classiﬁed by the presence/absence of proteinuria or eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2/<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Abbreviations. radial AI: radial augmentation index; SBP2: second peak of the radial pressure waveform; baPWV: brachial- ankle pulse wave velocity; ∗P < .05 versus subjects without proteinuria; †P < .05 versus subjects with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. applied. All the analyses were conducted using the SPSS software for Windows, version 11.0J (SPSS, Chicago, Ill, USA); P values < .05 were considered to denote statistical signiﬁcance. 3. Results Initially, 2740 male subjects were enrolled in the present study. However, 496 subjects were excluded because they had atrial ﬁbrillation (n = 13), had an ABI of less than 0.95 International Journal of Nephrology 3 Table 1: Clinical characteristics of the entire study population. Parameter number Age (y) Height (cm) BMI WC (cm) Smoking (%) ALC (N/LM/H) (%) SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Pulse rate (bpm) baPWV (m/s) radial AI (%) SBP 2 (mmHg) TC (mmol/L) HDL (mmol/L ) TG (mmol/L) FPG (mmol/Ll) eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (%) Proteinuria (%) 2244 44 ± 9 172 ± 6 23.9 ± 3.0 84 ± 8 707 (32) 291/1386/567 (13/62/25) 123 ± 13 76 ± 11 68 ± 10 12.9 ± 1.8 71 ± 13 111 ± 16 5.4 ± 0.9 1.6 ± 0.4 1.4 ± 1.0 4.9 ± 0.6 82 ± 12 48 (2.1) 65 (2.9) Abbreviations. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; smoking: number of subjects who were smoking; ALC: (N: nondrinker, LM: light- to-moderate drinker (ethanol intake: 1–29 g/day), and H: heavy drinker (ethanol intake: ≥30 g/day)); SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; radial AI: radial augmentation index; SBP2: second peak of the radial pressure waveform; TC: serum total cholesterol; HDL: serum high-density lipoprotein choles- terol; TG: serum triglycerides; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; eGFR: estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate; eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2: number of subjects with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2; proteinuria: number of subjects with proteinuria. (n = 14), were undergoing regular hemodialysis (n = 2), had a standard deviation of the radial AI of over 6% (n = 68), had a serum CRP level >10 mg/L (n = 31), were receiving medications for heart disease (n = 26), stroke (n = 12), or risk factors for cardiovascular disease (i.e., hypertension (n = 250), hypercholesterolemia (n = 46), and/or diabetes mellitus (n = 44)). Finally, the data of 2244 subjects were included for the analysis in this study. Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics of the entire study population. In the entire study population, 48 subjects had an eGFR of 15 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and 65 subjects had proteinuria. Table 2 summarizes the clinical characteristics in the subjects with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2/eGFR = 15 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2 with/without proteinuria. The body mass index, brachial-ankle PWV, SBP2, TC, TG, and FBG were higher, and the percentage of current smokers and blood pressure were lower in the subjects with an eGFR = 15 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2 than in those with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Age, body mass index, percentage of current smokers, blood pressure, brachial-ankle PWV, radial AI, and SBP2 were higher and the serum HDL was lower in the subjects with proteinuria than in those without proteinuria.