Table 1. Characteristics of subjects. Values 71.8 ± 5.5 Variables Age (y) Religion Yes 151 (62.4) No 91 (37.6) Living state Housemate 161 (66.5) Alone 81 (33.5) Occupation Yes 54 (22.3) No 188 (77.7) Smoking Ex-smokers 88 (36.4) Non-smokers 81 (33.5) Current smokers 73 (30.2) Medication Yes 115 (47.5) No 127 (52.5) Education level Elementary school graduation 78 (32.2) Middle school graduation 65 (26.9) High school graduation 64 (26.4) University/college graduation 20 (8.3) Etc. 15 (6.2) Alcoholism family history Yes 20 (8.3) No 222 (91.7) Age at alcohol contact (y) 21.1 ± 5.5 Frequency of drinking per week 2.2 ± 1.7 Drinks per drinking day 3.5 ± 2.2 AUDIT score 8.0 ± 5.8 SMAST-G score 2.7 ± 2.0 CAGE score 1.5 ± 1.2 At-risk drinking* 128 (52.9) Alcohol dependence 38 (15.7) Alcohol abuse 8 (3.3) Alcohol use disorder 46 (19.0) Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%). AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identiﬁcation Test, SMAST-G: Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-geriatric version, CAGE: cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener. *More than three drinks on occasion or more than seven drinks per week. Korean J Fam Med Young Il Ryou, et al: Alcohol-screening Instruments in Elderly Male Drinkers 78 (32.2%) had completed primary education, 65 (26.9%) had completed junior high school, 64 (26.4%) had completed senior high school, and 20 (8.3%) had a college degree or higher. A family history of alcoholism was found in 20 (8.3%) subjects. The mean age at first drinking was 21.1 ± 5.5 years. The frequency of drinking per week was 2.2 ± 1.7 times. The mean amount of alcohol consumed per drinking session was 3.5 ± 2.2 drinks. The mean scores on each tool were 8.0 ± 5.8 points on the AUDIT, 2.7 ± 2.0 points on the SMAST-G, and 1.5 ± 1.2 on the CAGE questionnaire. A total of 95 (39.3%) subjects were found to be heavy drinkers, consuming > 7 drinks per week, 102 (42.1%) were found to be binge drinkers consuming > 3 drinks per drinking session, and 128 (52.9%) were found to be at-risk drinkers. Alcohol dependence was found in 38 (15.7%), alcohol abuse in eight (3.3%), alcohol use disorders in 46 (19.0%), and problem drinking in 131 (54.1%) subjects (Table 1). 2. Validity of Screening Tools for at-Risk Drinking Regarding the AUROC of the three screening tools used Figure 1. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of screening instruments for identifying at-risk drinking. AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identiﬁcation Test, SMAST-G: Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-geriatric version, CAGE: cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener. *Statistical difference between AUROCs by comparison of paired receiver operating characteristic curves. Vol. 33, No. 3 May 2012 | 129