Country Canada USA USA 1999–2001 April–December 1996 Taiwan 1998–1999 Europe (14), Israel (1), South America (3) April 1997– February 1999 S. aureus MSSA MRSA S. pneumoniae H. inﬂuenzae P. aeruginosa M. catarrhalis P. mirabilis S. pneumoniae H. inﬂuenzae M. catarrhalis MSSA MRSA MSSE MRSE S. pneumoniae H. inﬂuenzae P. mirabilis P. aeruginosa MSSA MRSA MSSE MRSE S. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa MSSA MRSA MSSE MRSE CoNS, other S. pneumoniae S. viridans group H. inﬂuenzae P. aeruginosa P. mirabilis S. marcescens 365 42 399 199 1472 337 30 3304 3371 1656 34 20 23 29 50 45 33 26 58 60 58 60 42 60 434 457 214 436 111 427 97 224 615 319 211 0.125 (S)a 2 (R ) 0.25 (S) 0.063 (S) 16 0.063 (S) 0.5 0.25 (S) 0.03 (S) 0.06 (S) 0.06 (S) 4 (R) 0.12 (S) 2 (R) 0.25 (S) 0.03 (S) 2 = 32 0.06 (S) 2 (R) 0.12 (S) 8 (R) 4 (R) 2 0.06 (S) 4 (R) 1 (I) 2 (R) 8 (R) .25 (S) 0.25 0.03 (S) 16 16 4 0.25 (S) 4 (R) 0.25–0.5 (S) 0.016 (S) 8 (R) 0.031 (S) 0.25 (S) 0.5 (S) 0.03 (S) 0.03 (S) 0.12 (S) 4 (R) 2 (R) 2 (R) 8 (R) .5 (S) 0.5 (S) .015 (S) 16 4(R) 2 (S) NDb ND ND 0.031 (S) 4 (R ) 0.031 (S) 0.031 (S) 2 0.03 (S) 0.03 (S) 1 (S) 32 (R) 0.5 (S) 32 (R) 1 0.015 (S) 0.25 (S) 32 (R) 0.5 (S) 16 (R) 1 (S) 128 (R) 128 0.25 (S) 0.5 (S) 16 (R) 16 (R) 16 (R) 16 (R) 2 4 0.15 (S) 16 (R) 4 (R) 2 (I) Moxiﬂoxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution Table 2 Comparative in vitro susceptibility of ciproﬂoxacin, gatiﬂoxacin, and moxiﬂoxacin against select nonocular pathogens Time period Pathogen N Collected prior to 1999 MIC 90 μg/mL Moxiﬂoxacin Gatiﬂoxacin Ciproﬂoxacin aInterpretations were in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) Performance for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Seventeenth Informational Informational Supplement. M100-S17. S, sensitive, I, intermediate, R, resistant. bND = not done. No CLSI standards for S. pneumoniae or S. viridans group and ciproﬂoxacin. No CLSI standards for gatiﬂoxacin and moxiﬂoxacin and P. aeruginosa. No CLSI standards for moxiﬂoxacin S. marcescens, S. viridans group, and P. mirabilis. Abbreviations: MIC90, concentration that inhibits 90% of isolates tested; MSSA, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSE, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis; MRSE, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis; P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, M. catarrhalis, Moraxella catarrhalis; S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae; H. inﬂuenzae; Haemophilus inﬂuenzae; P. mirabilis, Proteus mirabilis; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; S. viridans group; Streptococcus viridans group; CoNS other, coagulase negative staphylococci other than S. epidermidis; S. marcescens, Serratia marcescens. trachomatis, Legionella pneumoniae and the some Mycobacteria species (Vigamox 2004). Treatment of nontuberculosis with the 8-methoxyﬂuoro- quinolones has been mixed. In a review of the early literature, Abshire and colleagues (Alcon Laboratories) offered data to support the use of moxiﬂoxacin in the prevention and treatment on mycobacterial keratitis (Abshire et al 2004). Several case and series report successful treatment out- comes with the 8 methoxyﬂuoroquinolones as adjunctive therapy (Lee et al 2005; Chang and Welty 2006 p 272; John Clinical Ophthalmology 2008:2(1) 81 Reference Blondeau et al 2000 Jones et al 2003 Fass 1997 Sheng Wang-Huei, et al 2001 Milatovic et al 2000