ANJU DHAWAN etal. on regular heroin use. During abstinence, initially the fequency of craving increased and subsequently the frequency decreased. By the end of one week of abstinence, 86.7% of the subjects had experienced craving 2-3 times or more in day and 50% of the subjects reported the same frequency at the end of one month of abstinence. After remaining abstinent for 3 months or more. 90% of subjects did not experience craving or experienced it once in a day. Positive Outcome Expectancies: Majority of subjects (86 7%) would expect the positive outcome in the form of a 'high' after consuming the substance. Seventeen subjects (56.7%) indicated that relief of withdrawal symptoms was also an expected outcome. For nine subjects (30%), main expected outcome associated with heroin use has been relief of withdrawal symptoms while getting high had been only of secondary importance However, majority of subjects (83.3%) reported that the quality of high has changed over the course of their drug use (the type of high they used to get earlier, they do not get now). Thoughts/Cognitions: All the subjects reported that during craving they would think about procurement of drug by all means. They would think about how to arrange money and how to go and buy the drug. To meet this end, they would think about borrowing from friends/colleagues (56.7%), demanding money from family members (53.3%) and stealing (10%) Other means to arrange money about which the subjects may think includes selling of household articles (6.7%), doing some work (6.6%), robbing (3.3%), gambling (3.3%), using fraudulent methods to make money (3.3%) Thoughts of using the drug would preoccupy their mind during craving. The subjects would try to control these thoughts but would not be able to do so Physical Symptoms: All the subjects experienced one or more physical symptoms during craving. These symptoms include withdrawal symptoms (70.0%), increased respiration (56.7%), palpitation (53.3%), sweating of hand (46.7%), watering of mouth (33.3%) and taste of heroin (23.3%). Seventy percent of subjects considered the withdrawal symptoms to be a part of craving. Affect: Emotional experiences expressed during craving are anger (83.3%), tension (63.3%), anxiety (50.0%), sadness (46.7%), irritability (20.0%) and restlessness (20.0%). Subjects experienced more than one type of emotion during craving. One subject reported that he would become angry during craving to the extent that he even felt like killing someone. Behavioral Intention: The subjects found craving especially strong craving as difficult to control. This invariably resulted in procurement and ultimately use of the drug. Some subjects reported that occurrence of craving almost every time led to drug use and this took precedence over other activities however important. On experiencing craving, subjects gave in and used heroin on an average of 76.7% occasions. Cues/Triggers: Subjects were inquired about the intensity of craving produced by 20 potential cues. Responses were rated based on the scores on the Visual Analogue scale. Score of 5 or more on the scale was considered as positive i.e.that a particular cue did elicit craving. All subjects reported multiple cues for craving. All subjects (100%) reported that presence of withdrawal symptoms always produced craving. The percentage of subjects reporting elicitation of craving by certain cues was recorded. Among the commonest situational cues eliciting craving were: place of use (83.3%), substance being easily available (80.0%), family tension (73.3%), seeing people using drug (63.3%), contact with drug using peers (63.3%), substance being offered by friends (60.0%) and particular time of day (53.3%). Emotional feeling associated with craving were: sadness (73.3%), tension (73.3%), anger (70.0%), anxiety (60.0%), boredom (53.3%), happiness (50.0%) and loneliness (50.0%). DISCUSSION Craving is one of the important factors for relapse of substance abuse (De Jong, 1994; Daley & Marlatt, 1997). Studies carried out in india on opiate dependents (Raj e t a l , 2000, Pallabetal., 2000) also support this fact. The fact that the term 140