302 M H ABEL and others . Effects of FSH on testicular transcript levels Chasse SA & Dohlman HG 2003 RGS proteins: G protein-coupled receptors meet their match. Assay and Drug Development Technologies 1 357–364. Chen JK & Heckert LL 2001 Dmrt1 expression is regulated by follicle- stimulating hormone and phorbol esters in postnatal Sertoli cells. Endocrinology 142 1167–1178. Chen YI, Payne AH & Kelch RP 1976 FSH stimulation of Leydig cell function in the hypophysectomized immature rat. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 153 473–475. Choi E, Han C, Park I, Lee B, Jin S, Choi H, Kim DH, Park ZY, Eddy EM & Cho C 2008 A novel germ cell-speciﬁc protein, SHIP1, forms a complex with chromatin remodeling activity during spermatogen- esis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 35283–35294. Conover CA, Bale LK, Overgaard MT, Johnstone EW, Laursen UH, Fuchtbauer EM, Oxvig C & van Deursen J 2004 Metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a critical growth regulatory factor during fetal development. Development 131 1187–1194. Cunningham DB, Segretain D, Arnaud D, Rogner UC & Avner P 1998 The mouse Tsx gene is expressed in Sertoli cells of the adult testis and transiently in premeiotic germ cells during puberty. Develop- mental Biology 204 345–360. Czechowski T, Bari RP, Stitt M, Scheible WR & Udvardi MK 2004 Real- time RT-PCR proﬁling of over 1400 Arabidopsis transcription factors: unprecedented sensitivity reveals novel root- and shoot- speciﬁc genes. Plant Journal 38 366–379. Denolet E, De Gendt K, Allemeersch J, Engelen K, Marchal K, Van Hummelen P, Tan KA, Sharpe RM, Saunders PT, Swinnen JV et al. 2006 The effect of a Sertoli cell-selective knockout of the androgen receptor on testicular gene expression in prepubertal mice. Molecular Endocrinology 20 321–334. Deschepper CF, Mellon SH, Cumin F, Baxter JD & Ganong WF 1986 Analysis by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization of renin and its mRNA in kidney, testis, adrenal, and pituitary of the rat. PNAS 83 7552–7556. Dettin L, Rubinstein N, Aoki A, Rabinovich GA & Maldonado CA 2003 Regulated expression and ultrastructural localization of galectin-1, a proapoptotic beta-galactoside-binding lectin, during spermato- genesis in rat testis. Biology of Reproduction 68 51–59. Dierich A, Sairam MR, Monaco L, Fimia GM, Gansmuller A, LeMeur M & Sassone-Corsi P 1998 Impairing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling in vivo: targeted disruption of the FSH receptor leads to aberrant gametogenesis and hormonal imbalance. PNAS 95 13612–13617. De Gendt K, Swinnen JV, Saunders PT, Schoonjans L, Dewerchin M, Devos A, Tan K, Atanassova N, Claessens F, Lecureuil C et al. 2004 A Sertoli cell-selective knockout of the androgen receptor causes spermatogenic arrest in meiosis. PNAS 101 1327–1332. Le Goascogne C, Sananes N, Gouezou M, Takemori S, Kominami S, Baulieu EE & Robel P 1991 Immunoreactive cytochrome P450 (17alpha) in rat and guinea-pig gonads, adrenal-glands and brain. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 93 609–622. Haywood M, Spaliviero J, Jimemez M, King NJ, Handelsman DJ & Allan CM 2003 Sertoli and germ cell development in hypogonadal (hpg) mice expressing transgenic follicle-stimulating hormone alone or in combination with testosterone. Endocrinology 144 509–517. Heckert LL & Griswold MD 2002 The expression of the follicle- stimulating hormone receptor in spermatogenesis. Recent Progress in Hormone Research 57 129–148. Hirst RC, Abel MH, Wilkins V, Simpson C, Knight PG, Zhang FP, Huhtaniemi I, Kumar TR & Charlton HM 2004 Inﬂuence of mutations affecting gonadotropin production or responsiveness on expression of inhibin subunit mRNA and protein in the mouse ovary. Reproduction 128 43–52. Irla M, Puthier D, Le Gofﬁc R, Victorero G, Freeman T, Naquet P, Samson M & Nguyen C 2003 Spatial, a new nuclear factor tightly regulated during mouse spermatogenesis. Gene Expression Patterns 3 135–138. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2009) 42, 291–303 Jiang Y, Oliver P, Davies KE & Platt N 2006 Identiﬁcation and characterization of murine SCARA5, a novel class A scavenger receptor that is expressed by populations of epithelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 11834–11845. Johnson BH & Ewing LL 1971 Follicle-stimulating hormone and the regulation of testosterone secretion in rabbit testes. Science 173 635–637. Kehler J, Tolkunova E, Koschorz B, Pesce M, Gentile L, Boiani M, Lomeli H, Nagy A, McLaughlin KJ, Scholer HR et al. 2004 Oct4 is required for primordial germ cell survival. EMBO Reports 5 1078–1083. Kingma PB, Bok D & Ong DE 1998 Bovine epidermal fatty acid-binding protein: determination of ligand speciﬁcity and cellular localization in retina and testis. Biochemistry 37 3250–3257. Kohn MJ, Kaneko KJ & DePamphilis ML 2005 DkkL1 (Soggy), a Dickkopf family member, localizes to the acrosome during mammalian spermatogenesis. Molecular Reproduction and Develop- ment 71 516–522. Krishnamurthy H, Babu PS, Morales CR & Sairam MR 2001 Delay in sexual maturity of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor knockout male mouse. Biology of Reproduction 65 522–531. Kumar TR, Wang Y, Lu N & Matzuk MM 1997 Follicle stimulating hormone is required for ovarian follicle maturation but not male fertility. Nature Genetics 15 201–204. Lang J 1995 Assay for deletion in GnRH (hpg) locus using PCR. Mouse Genome 89 857. Lindsey JS & Wilkinson MF 1996 Pem: a testosterone-regulated and LH-regulated homeobox gene expressed in mouse sertoli cells and epididymis. Developmental Biology 179 471–484. Mason AJ, Hayﬂick JS, Zoeller RT, Young WS, Phillips HS, Nikolics K & Seeburg TA 1986 A deletion truncating the GnRH gene is responsible for hypogonadism in the hpg mouse. Science 234 1366–1371. McLachlan RI, O’Donnell L, Meachem SJ, Stanton PG, de Kretser DM, Pratis K & Robertson DM 2002 Identiﬁcation of speciﬁc sites of hormonal regulation in spermatogenesis in rats, monkeys, and man. Recent Progress in Hormone Research 57 149–179. Modric T, Silha JV, Shi Z, Gui Y, Suwanichkul A, Durham SK, Powell DR & Murphy LJ 2001 Phenotypic manifestations of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 overexpression in transgenic mice. Endo- crinology 142 1958–1967. Monaco L, Foulkes NS & Sassone-Corsi P 1995 Pituitary follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) induces CREM gene expression in Sertoli cells: involvement in long-term desensitization of the FSH receptor. PNAS 92 10673–10677. Morera AM, Chauvin MA, De Peretti E, Binoux M & Benahmed M 1987 Somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor 1: an intratestic- ular differentiative factor of Leydig cells? Hormone Research 28 50–57. Morris PL, Vale WW, Cappel S & Bardin CW 1988 Inhibin production by primary Sertoli cell-enriched cultures: regulation by follicle- stimulating hormone, androgens, and epidermal growth factor. Endocrinology 122 717–725. Myers M, Ebling FJ, Nwagwu M, Boulton R, Wadhwa K, Stewart J & Kerr JB 2005 Atypical development of Sertoli cells and impairment of spermatogenesis in the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse. Journal of Anatomy 207 797–811. Nair AK & Menon KMJ 2004 Isolation and characterization of a novel trans-factor for luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA from ovary. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 14937–14944. O’Shaughnessy PJ 1980 FSH receptor autoregulation and cyclic AMP production in the immature rat testis. Biology of Reproduction 23 810–814. O’Shaughnessy PJ & Shefﬁeld JW 1990 Effect of testosterone on testicular steroidogenesis in the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 35 729–734. www.endocrinology-journals.org