6 Variable Lack of motivation Lack of skills or knowledge Barrier Cost Transportation Not available in area Location not physically accessible Location is too far Fear of injury Lack of time Lack of energy Lack of motivation Lack of skills/knowledge ∗ P <0.05. Barrier Excellent/very good Good Fair/poor Barrier Vision function Heart disease COPD Diabetes Osteoporosis Eﬀects of a stroke Mobility trouble ∗ P < 0.05. N 1281 3158 146 313 34 4404 4 454 Odds ratios 1.07 1.03 1.50 1.53 1.70 1.59 1.45∗ 0.54∗ 1.18 0.78 Odds ratios 0.74 0.79 1.00 Odds ratios 0.25 1.54∗ 2.11∗ 1.85∗ 0.94 1.42 2.71∗ Females Females Journal of Aging Research % 28.9 71.1 31.8 68.2 0.8 99.2 0.9 99.1 95% CI 0.67, 1.71 0.56, 1.88 0.81, 2.78 0.39, 5.94 0.76, 3.80 0.58, 4.34 1.09, 1.92 0.39, 0.76 0.88, 1.58 0.25, 2.40 95% CI 0.45, 1.20 0.46, 1.30 Referent 95% CI 0.37, 1.67 1.19, 1.99 1.34, 3.32 1.30, 2.63 0.69, 1.28 0.51, 3.98 1.70, 4.31 Table 2: Continued. Category Participant Yes No Nonparticipant Yes No Participant Yes No Nonparticipant Yes No Table 3: Odds of nonparticipation as a function of type of barrier. Males Females Table 4: Odds of nonparticipation as a function of self-rated general health status. Table 5: Odds of nonparticipation as a function of health condition. Odds ratios 2.05 0.89 4.50∗ 0.33 11.96 2.29 0.79 0.91 0.69∗ 0.75 Males Males Odds ratios 0.74 0.78 1.00 Odds ratio 3.06∗ 1.03 0.76 1.66∗ 0.42 1.07 2.65∗ 95% CI 0.73, 5.74 0.16, 5.04 1.09, 18.68 0.05, 2.31 0.46, 313.09 0.25, 21.50 0.56, 1.13 0.56, 1.48 0.48, 0.98 0.07, 8.09 95% CI 0.45, 1.20 0.46, 1.30 Referent 95% CI 1.30, 7.21 0.75, 1.41 0.33, 1.77 1.12, 2.44 0.11, 1.63 0.36, 3.21 1.01, 6.95