JP Lee, et al. Visual Field of Pituitary Macroadenoma Table 2. Types of visual field defects in patients with pituitary macroadenoma Characteristic Normal visual field Abnormal visual field Unilateral defect Temporal hemianopsia Superotemporal quadranopsia Bilateral defect Bitemporal hemianopsia Hemianopsia in one eye, superotemporal quadranopsia in other eye General reduction in one eye, temporal defect in other eye Homonymous hemianopsia Others Table 3. Comparison between patients with and without visual field defects No. of patients (%) 10 (26) 29 (74) 7 (18) 4 3 22 (56) 12 3 3 3 1 Variable Male:Female Age (yr) Tumor volume (cm3) Mean deviation (dB) Pattern standard deviation (dB) Values are means ± SD. Patients with normal visual field (n=10) 6:4 37.40 ± 13.35 3.32 ± 2.29 -1.83 ± 1.22 2.14 ± 1.58 Patients with visual field defect (n=29) 18:11 48.76 ± 15.38 10.57 ± 6.85 -11.59 ± 6.15 8.15 ± 3.61 p-value 0.908 0.051 0.006 < 0.001 0.01 Fig. 2. Correlation between mean deviation (MD) and tumor vol- ume in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.693, p < 0.001. Fig. 3. Correlation between pattern standard deviation (PSD) and tumor volume in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.589, p < 0.001. sex (p = 0.908) and age (p = 0.051) between the two groups. However, the tumor volume of the patients with VF defects was significantly larger than patients with normal VF (p = 0.006). In patients with VF defects, the MD was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and the PSD was significantly higher (p = 0.01) than patients with normal VF. The correlation between MD and tumor volume is shown in Fig. 2. The tumor volume exhibited significant negative correlation with MD (r = -0.693; p < 0.001). The correlation between PSD and tumor volume is shown in Fig. 3. The tumor volume exhibited a significant positive correlation with PSD (r = 0.589; p < 0.001). Discussion Pituitary adenomas can cause visual loss or VF defects by 39