KC Yoon, et al. Prevalence of Eye Disease in South Korea Age-related macular degeneration Glaucoma The overall prevalence of early AMD over 40 years of age was 5.1 ± 0.3% (5.2 ± 0.5% in males, 5.0 ± 0.4% in females) (Table 8 and Fig. 5). The prevalence of early AMD in partic- ipants over 60 years of age was 10.9 ± 0.7% (10.9 ± 1.2% in males, 10.8 ± 0.9% in females). The overall prevalence of late AMD over 40 years of age was 0.5 ± 0.1% (0.6 ± 0.2% in males, 0.4 ± 0.1% in females). The prevalence of late AMD in participants over 60 years of age was 1.1 ± 0.2% (1.2 ± 0.3% in males, 1.1 ± 0.3% in females). The prevalence of AMD increased with age (p < 0.01). There were no statisti- cally significant differences in relation to gender (p > 0.05). Diabetic retinopathy The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in participants over 19 years of age was 13.4 ± 1.5% (12.0 ± 1.9% in males, 15.1 ± 2.2% in females) (Table 9 and Fig. 6). The prevalence of di- abetic retinopathy in participants over 40 years of age was 13.4 ± 1.5% (12.6 ± 2.0% in males, 14.3 ± 2.3% in females) (Table 9). The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in partic- ipants over 65 years of age was 13.1 ± 2.4% (11.0 ± 3.0% in males, 14.5 ± 3.4% in females). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of diabetic retinop- athy in relation to age or gender (p > 0.05). The prevalence of glaucoma in participants over 19 years of age was 1.4 ± 0.1% (1.6 ± 0.2% in males, 1.1 ± 0.2% in fe- males) (Table 10 and Fig. 7) and was higher in males than in females (p < 0.05). The prevalence of glaucoma in partic- ipants over 40 years of age was 2.1 ± 0.2% (2.5 ± 0.3% in males, 1.7 ± 0.2% in females). The prevalence of glaucoma in participants over 60 years of age was 3.3 ± 0.4% (3.7 ± 0.6% in males, 3.0 ± 0.5% in females). In participants over 40 years of age, the prevalence of POAG, PACG and NTG was 2.0 ± 0.2%, 0.1 ± 0.1% and 1.9 ± 0.2%, respectively. The prevalence of glaucoma increased with age (p < 0.01). The prevalence of glaucoma was higher in males than in females in participants aged 30 to 49 (p < 0.05). Discussion In the past two decades, several epidemiologic studies have reported on the prevalence of common eye diseases in many countries [2-35,42,43,45-65]. Most of these population-based studies have been conducted in the United States among pre- dominantly White, mixed White and African-American, or Hispanic populations [5-14] or in other countries, including Europe [15-17] and Australia [18-21]. There are a growing number of new population-based studies in Asia, including Table 9. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in persons with diabetes mellitus according to age and gender Age group (yr) Total 19-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 ≥70 No 746 8 33 100 160 269 176 Total Prev (%) 13.4 - - 12.4 10.2 18.0 12.3 SE (1.5) - - (3.6) (2.6) (2.8) (3.1) No 352 3 14 59 83 127 66 Male Prev (%) 12.0 - - 12.9 7.6 20.8 7.5 SE (1.9) - - (5.0) (2.8) (4.2) (3.6) No 394 5 19 41 77 142 110 Female Prev (%) 15.1 - - 11.5 14.6 15.2 14.6 SE (2.2) - - (5.1) (5.2) (3.2) (4.3) p-value 0.27 0.85 0.21 0.26 0.23 Diabetic retinopathy was defined as the presence of 1 or more retinal microaneurysm or retinal blot hemorrhages with or without more severe lesions (hard exudates, soft exudates, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, venous bleeding, retinal new vessels, and fibroproliferations). No = number of participants; Prev = prevalence; SE = standard error. Fig. 6. Prevalence of diabetic retinop- athy in persons with diabetes mellitus ac- cording to age and gender. 429