2 Reliability of anthropometric measurements such as WHR and WC was veriﬁed in several researches with mul- ticenter data [15, 16] and other studies investigated intraob- server errors with the anthropometric methods of speciﬁc body areas [17, 18]. Measurement reliability to diagnose a speciﬁc disease was examined in the various researches, and several methods to improve measurement were suggested. Even though Korea’s SCM specialists have used the SCBTM to determine individual’s constitution, no studies have inves- tigated whether they have suﬃcient reliability as diagnostic tool and how to improve the reliability of the SCBTM. This study suggests to what extent a comprehensive train- ing can improve the reliability of the SCBTM. 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Study Design. We conducted this experiment from the ﬁrst November to the third November, 2010 in Korea Insti- tute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. We recruited 10 male subjects and 5 male observers with no experience of anthropometric measurement. We also ob- tained informed consents from all participants. This experiment was conducted for three diﬀerent days. On the ﬁrst day of experiment, as a pretraining session, the instructor at KIOM introduced the goal, schedule, and content of the experiment to subjects and observers. The in- structor also showed photographs of the measuring points and documents explained the locations of the SCBTM to the observers. All subjects were respectively separated in the ten inde- pendent rooms randomly and observers including when the instructor got in the room to measure one by one. Five ob- servers and the instructor measured ten subjects twice in order. Observers were advised not to share the measurements with other observers and submitted the assessment sheet to the instructor right after each subject’s measuring was ﬁnished. On the second day, as a training session, a comprehensive training (Table 1) for the SCBTM, including the instructor’s explanation, a couple of practices, and discussion, was con- ducted. This training has been used for the “Constitutional Clin- ical Information Collecting System” based on the standard body measurement research [19, 20]. Society of SCM is also using this manual for the measurements training in the traditional hospital too. The instructor explained and trained all the 5 observers about SCBTM and they were allowed to have two rounds of practical measuring. After practice, the instructor and the observers gathered together and discussed the locations of the SCBTM (duration of the training session: 4 hours). On the third day, as a posttraining session, all subjects were respectively separated in the independent rooms and 6 observers including instructor collected data from them with the same method used as in the ﬁrst pretraining session. 2.2. General Characteristics. Participants consisted of sub- jects (n = 10) with the following characteristics: age, 24.4 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine years; weight, 74.16 kg; height, 178.42 cm, and observers (n = 5) with the following characteristics: age, 25.1 years; weight, 67.42 kg; height, 171.38 cm (Table 2). The expert has been an instructor of KIOM and has been measuring the widths and circumferences of human body trunk for more than 5 years. 2.3. Measurements. The SCBTM consists of 5 widths and 8 circumferences. For the width measurement, interaxillary width (IW), chest width (CW), rib width (RW), waist width (WW), and pelvic width (PW) were measured. Locations of circumference measurement included forehead circumfer- ence (FC), neck circumference (NC), axillary circumference (AC), chest circumference (CC), rib circumference (RC), waist circumference (WC), pelvic circumference (PC), and hip circumference (HC). Six large sliding calipers (50 cm/20 inch, Samhwa, Korea) and 6 tapelines (150 cm/60 inch, Hoechstmass, Germany) were used to measure the body width and circumference. 2.4. Statistical Analysis. Reliability was analyzed by the tech- nical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, total TEM, and relative total TEM [21]. The TEM is the most commonly used measure of precision which is the square root of meas- urement error variance. Intraobserver TEM is estimated from diﬀerences between replicated measurements taken by one observer while interobserver TEM is estimated from measurements taken by 5 observers. Intraobserver TEM for one observer is calculated by TEM = D2 2N , where D is the diﬀerence between measurements recorded by a given observer and N is the number of subjects measured. Interobserver TEM for ﬁve observers is calculated by TEM = ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ N 1 1K M2 − 1K M 2 /K N (K − 1) ⎞ ⎟⎟ , (2) ⎠ where N is the number of subjects, K is the number of ob- servers, and M is the measurement. The unit of TEM is the same as the unit of the meas- urement. Smaller TEM values represent more accurate meas- urement. The relative TEM (%TEM) is obtained by dividing the TEM for a given variable by the grand mean of that variable. To evaluate overall measurement variation, we calculated total TEM which includes both intra- and inter-observer TEM. A total TEM for ﬁve observers is calculated by ⎛ ⎛ total TEM = ⎝ ⎝ 1K TEM(intra)2 ⎞ K ⎠ ⎞ + TEM(inter)2⎠ , (1) (3) where K is the number of observer, TEM (intra) is the intraobserver TEM for the each observer and TEM(inter)