0-14 16.04 10.13 11.09 9.45 6.49 12.43 14.81 13.47 15.12 9.07 10.47 7.24 12.11 12.23 13.67 14.22 14.1 15.91 9.04 11.04 5.47 0-14 10.76 7.55 8.32 7.57 5.25 10.81 11.84 11.72 13.06 5.98 8.44 4.64 9.81 9.85 11.18 12.48 11.84 13.75 6.47 7.61 6.99 15-44 76.94 60.1 27.56 52.44 37.69 31.28 33.86 40.81 79.56 53.53 30.31 26.95 33.3 50.37 51.88 61.91 71.67 77.61 36.86 36.41 33.56 15-44 82.75 64.93 42.25 69.92 58.06 68 54.4 69.57 116.97 52.56 51.27 47.4 48.44 76.09 91.32 89.11 105.2 116.05 70.43 58.21 92.78 88 Ma and Yu: Global Burden of Cancer Table 1. Age-specific incidence rate of all cancers (except skin) among males in 2002*. Table 2. Age-specific incidence rate of all cancers (except skin) among females in 2002*. 55-64 443.9 443.01 344.95 755.78 293.41 532.17 386.3 662.67 1321.14 663.89 429.39 379.62 522.08 973.17 802.67 941.65 1050.75 1024.79 489.47 404.58 676.44 55-64 511.03 391.14 271.61 537.91 341.17 448.1 438.82 562.68 950.27 399.11 367.38 384.08 398.74 554.81 778.15 596.42 731.53 851.99 590.38 401.98 373.09 65+ 821.06 731.93 583.31 1315.28 385.44 1624.15 1157.13 1653.23 2958.14 1461.59 833.46 612.97 989.35 1619.75 2340.02 2163.41 2327.87 2736.44 912 1159.27 996.07 65+ 564.26 424.09 320.83 698.69 293.34 903.83 824.11 1055.34 1705.66 728.11 507 404.08 602.27 809.86 1414.85 1062.4 1236.72 1503.38 628.68 725.41 568.88 All ages 91 78.1 65.8 127.4 51.9 177.3 100.3 168.5 529.7 227.2 94.3 76.3 104.4 328.3 456.6 493.2 525.6 483.9 80.6 107.1 116.7 All ages 97.7 76.1 66.7 126 66.8 166.6 119.7 176.5 454.8 157.2 101.4 88.9 99.3 277.2 439.1 362.5 429.3 405.5 108.1 110.2 131.3 Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Caribbean Central America South America North America Eastern Asia Southeastern Asia South Central Asia Western Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Australia/New Zealand Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Caribbean Central America South America North American Eastern Asia Southeastern Asia South Central Asia Western Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Western Europe Australia/New Zealand Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia *Rates are per 100,000 person-years. **Age-standardized rates using the world standard. advertising and promotion, and increased ac- cess to cessation therapies to reduce the inci- dence of cancer and other diseases related to tobacco use [5]. Occupational exposures Occupational exposures have long been linked to the risk of cancer. A recent publica- tion listed 28 definitive human occupational carcinogens ranging from ionizing radiation, asbestos, silica, wood dust, and arsenic to benzene [6]. Generally speaking, developed countries went through the industrialization process earlier than the developing coun- tries, and individuals living in developed countries often had a higher chance of being 45-54 251.11 238.13 138.95 324.88 193.74 189.29 136.57 235.81 424.55 346.87 194.44 166.82 185.69 372.94 259.85 378.34 402.15 344.04 213.33 170 266.33 45-54 339.77 274.96 183.95 353.05 272.49 301.37 303.63 355.88 502.96 267.63 284.71 265.69 252.93 347.65 438.43 398.3 460.26 479.5 376.98 304.28 432.81 ASR** 158.7 141.9 99 213.7 90 194.4 146.1 216.4 398.4 219.4 130.4 105.5 149.5 257.7 283.1 299.4 326.4 349.7 145.1 151.3 169.3 ASR*2 156.7 121.5 85.2 163.2 104.4 164.9 153.3 191.6 305.1 136.8 120.9 110.1 125.7 175.1 252.3 208.1 244.6 280.3 165 143.8 159.3