4 AIDS Research and Treatment Table 1: Characteristics of TB/HIV coinfected patients upon enrollment in the Kericho District Hospital Integrated TB/HIV Clinic1. Age (yrs)2 Female (%) CD4+ T-cell count (cells/mm3)2 Pediatric (≤15 years old) n = 195 (10.2%) 6.6 (±4.0) 6.0 [1–15] 58.5 551.1 (±568.9) 398.5 [2-3, 151] Adult (>15 years old) n = 1, 716 (89.8%) 34.9 (±9.7) 34.0 [16–80] 52.6 216.4 (±206.8) 153.0 [1-1, 609] Overall n = 1, 911 32.0 (±12.6) 32.0 [1–80] 53.2 243.3 (±271.0) 165.0 [1–3, 151] CD4 distributions (%)2 <50 (cells/mm3) 16.2 18.4 18.2 50–99 (cells/mm3) 5.4 16.3 15.4 100–199 (cells/mm3) 7.7 24.3 22.9 200-349 (cells/mm3) 16.2 21.3 20.8 ≥350 (cells/mm3) 54.6 19.8 22.6 TB type (%) (I) Pulmonary 84.1 84.8 84.8 (1.a) Smear positive2 8.7 34.9 32.2 (1.b) Chest X-ray done 95.9 93.0 93.3 (II) Extrapulmonary 15.9 15.2 15.2 Treatment category3 New 93.3 89.0 89.5 Transfer in 1.0 3.7 3.4 Returned defaulter 0.5 2.9 2.7 Relapse 5.1 4.4 4.4 Referral origin2 HIV clinic 59.0 42.8 44.5 TB clinic 36.9 51.2 49.8 Private 1.5 3.7 3.5 Other 2.5 2.2 2.2 1 Data presented as proportion (%) or mean (±SD) and median [range]. Missing data: CD4 = 15.4%; TB type, treatment category, referral, and family testing <1.0%. 2P < 0.05. 3P < 0.001. Table 2: TB treatment outcomes of TB/HIV coinfected patients enrolled in the Kericho District Hospital Integrated TB/HIV Clinic. Pediatric (<15 years old) n = 195 Adults (>15 years old) n = 1716 TB treatment outcome Cure 7 (4.1) 243 (16.0) Treatment complete 120 (70.6) 621 (40.8) Transferred out 9 (5.3) 217 (14.3) Lost to Followup 24 (14.1) 315 (20.7) Died 10 (5.9) 125 (8.2) Treatment success 127 (74.7) 864 (56.8) Notes: (1) Data presented as number (percentage). Missing data for TB treatment outcome = 12.9% for pediatric and 11.3% for adult patients. (2) Treatment success deﬁned as cure or treatment complete. Treatment success frequencies improved in relationship to increasing baseline CD4+ T-cell count. Lost-to-followup frequencies were high (10.9–12.8%) in all CD4+ T-cell strata less than 200 cells/mm3. Lost-to-followup frequencies dropped by half in patients with CD4+ T-cell counts above 200 cells/mm3. Similarly in review of outcome data by time of ART initiation, poor outcomes as deﬁned by either death or lost to followup were highest in those who started ART earliest following TB treatment initiation, likely reﬂecting their advanced HIV disease (Table 3(b)). For patients who