Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8 2511 Table 2 examines the medication adherence and non-adherence of the JHS African-American cohort based on the diagnoses of these conditions reported to them by a doctor. Of the five categories examined in this table, two categories, high blood pressure and diabetes, had high adherence rates of 86.6% and 88.3% respectively. On the other hand, adherence rates for those JHS participants diagnosed with high cholesterol, heart problems, and strokes were exceptionally low. Only 13.0% of the African- American participants in the JHS adhered to the recommended heart medications. Equally of concern was the adherence rate for JHS participants who were diagnosed with a stroke which was estimated at 22.2%. JHS participants who were diagnosed with high cholesterol also demonstrated poor adherence rates with a rate of 39.7%. Table 2. Medication adherence by cardiovascular conditions of JHS participants at baseline. Cardiovascular Condition Told by Doctor had High Blood Pressure N = 2845 Told by Doctor had High Cholesterol N = 1405 Told by Doctor had Heart Attack N = 254 Told by Doctor had Diabetes N = 888 Told by Doctor had Stroke N = 189 Took High Blood Pressure Medication Yes = 2464 (86.6) No = 360 (13.4) Took Cholesterol Medication Took Heart Failure Medication Took Diabetes Medication Took Stroke Medication Yes = 558 (39.7) No = 844 (60.1) Yes = 33 (13.0) No = 220 (86.6) Yes = 784 (88.3) No = 104 (11.7) Yes = 42 (22.2) No = 147 (77.8) Regression results indicated the overall fit of the predictors was moderate (−2 Log Likelihood = 1591.993). The model was statistically reliable in distinguishing between hospitalization of JHS participants X2 (6) = 45.050, p < 0.05. The model correctly classified 88.6% of the cases. Regression coefficients are presented in Table 3. Wald statistics indicated that the chance of being hospitalized for a CVD- related illness was increased for JHS participants who were female and those participants who did not adhere to their medication for treating chest pains and diabetes.