Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6 5. Conclusions 3067 These findings suggest that Japanese methamphetamine abusers in correctional settings have many characteristics and environmental backgrounds that are different from abusers in medical settings. Methamphetamine abusers in correctional settings may need to have their specific problems assessed, including trouble with mental health and access to support facilities. Acknowledgements We are grateful to the volunteers for their participation in this study. We are also grateful to Hideko Yamamoto, Yukio Takamatsu, Yoko Ishibashi, Fumiyuki Chin, and Michael Arends for fruitful discussions and proofreading. This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (government department; 17025054), the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (government department; H19-Iyaku-023, H17-Pharmaco-001), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (quasi-governmental organization; 17730421, 17591238), and the Mitsubishi Foundation for Social Welfare Activities. References 1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Amphetamine-type stimulants in East Asia and the Pacific. Asia and Pacific Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Information Center, 2004. Available online: http://www.apaic.org/lb/cd.009.htm (accessed August 14, 2009). 2. Wada, K.; Kikuchi, A.; Nakano, R.; Ozaki, S. Current situation on drug abuse in Japan: using a general population survey and a junior high school student’s survey. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi 2004, 39, 28-34. 3. Wada, K.; Ozaki, S.; Kondo, A. Current situation of and the political measures for drug abuse/dependence. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi 2008, 43, 120-131. 4. Ikeda, K.; Yamamoto, H.; Takamatsu, Y.; Haraguchi, A.; Umeno, M.; Senoo, E. New approaches toward treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Seishin Igaku 2004, 46, 57-72. 5. Ministry of Justice Research and Training Institute. White Paper on Crime in Japan 2003. Ministry of Finance Printing Bureau: Tokyo, Japan, 2004; pp. 305-314. 6. Matsumoto, T.; Kamijo, A.; Miyakawa, T.; Endo, K.; Yabana, T.; Kishimoto, H.; Okudaira, K.; Iseki, E.; Sakai, T.; Kosaka, K. Methamphetamine in Japan: the consequences of methamphetamine abuse as a function of route of administration. Addiction 2002, 97, 809-817. 7. Miura, H.; Fujiki, M.; Shibata, A.; Ishikawa, K. Prevalence and profile of methamphetamine users in adolescents at a juvenile classification home. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2006, 60, 352-357. 8. Matsumoto, T.; Okada, T.; Chiba, Y.; Ando, Y.; Yoshikawa, K.; Wada, K. Association between substance abuse problems and antisocial tendencies in male juvenile delinquents: a study using the Psychopathy Checklist, Youth Version. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi 2006, 41, 59-71.