2. Alcohol cessation reviews Srisurapanont and Jarusuraisin 2005 [25] Opioid antagonists or placebo Srisurapanont and Jarusuraisin 2004 [25] Acamprosate or placebo Bouza et al. 2004 [26] Naltrexone or placebo Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 199 Reference Interventions Study characteristics Duration Outcome Abstinence with Intervention Placebo Short term: Short term: Heavy drinking or Heavy drinking or relapse 300/415 relapse 234/407 (72%) (57%) Any drinking 220/517 Any drinking (43%) 172/497 (35%) Medium term: Heavy drinking or relapse 56/107 (52%) Any drinking 9/40 (23%) Medium term: Heavy drinking or relapse 37/101 (37%) Any drinking 6/40 (15%) 231/1,549 (14.9%) Comments Results converted to quit rates Very low quit rates in small study longer than 1 year 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9) 1.2 (0.98 to 1.4) Abstinence rate 417/1,775 (24%) Abstinence rate 190/544 (35%) 160/533 (30%) RCTs only Participants with alcohol dependence established by any criteria RCTs only Standard definition of alcoholism Usually with some form of psychosocial intervention RCTs only Standard definition of alcoholism Usually with some form of psychosocial intervention Number not returned to any drinking, or heavy drinking Table 1. Cont. Various durations, up to 3 months, more than 3 months, longer than 12 months Duration 2 to 24 months Duration 2 to 24 months