Outcome PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS Fever No Yes No Yes No Yes Use of PRBC No Yes No Yes No Yes Laryngitis No Yes No Yes No Yes Coag. Disorders No Yes No Yes No Yes Inappropriate ADH Syndrome No Yes No Yes No Yes Seizures No Yes No Yes No Yes Hyperglycemia No Yes No yes No yes CSF Leakage No yes No yes No yes ICH No yes No yes No Yes Infection No Yes No Yes 2.7 5.08 5.96 9.9 5.83 8.48 3.13 3.73 7.23 7.08 5.54 7.8 2.9 6.33 6.6 10.3 6.21 9.02 3.32 5.44 7.08 8.78 5.92 21.72 3.4 4.67 7.4 6.3 6.61 8.33 3.03 12.63 6.65 19.25 6.56 8.5 2.46 3.88 5.15 8.46 5.27 9.74 3.24 9.17 6.7 21.67 6.32 16.83 2.97 12.78 6.72 16.33 6.49 9.67 3.17 8.56 6.58 19.33 1.9 8.11 4.61 10.97 8.49 11.57 2.94 6.26 6.79 7.95 5.55 12.43 2.29 10.89 5.66 13.06 8.83 12.91 4.82 5.05 7.4 6.4 6.58 31.15 4.87 1.15 7.41 0.58 9.64 1.15 2.62 19.33 5.79 21.07 9.75 3.02 1.43 3.76 2.02 7.49 1.71 15.6 4.72 5.6 6.75 11.47 8.49 27.05 2.54 17.95 5.78 21.14 9.67 6.96 4.7 5.22 6.74 9.46 CLINICS 2011;66(9):1637-1640 Table 2 - Results of univariate analysis. Risk Factor Median SD N 138 60 138 60 138 60 102 96 102 96 102 96 168 30 168 30 168 30 189 9 189 9 189 9 195 3 195 3 195 3 190 8 190 8 190 8 52 87 52 87 52 87 192 6 192 6 192 6 189 9 189 9 189 9 189 9 189 9 p-value 0.006 0.001 ,0.001 0.468 0.623 0.017 0.027 0.059 0.036 0.065 0.247 0.006 0.037 0.214 0.022 0.003 ,0.001 0.002 0.042 0.073 0.078 0.001 ,0.001 0.152 ,0.001 0.011 0.039 ,0.001 ,0.001 Table 2 Cont. Outcome MV time PICU LOS Hosp. LOS MV time Hyperglycemia and pediatric neurosurgery Filho EM et al. Risk Factor No Yes Hypothermia No Yes No Yes No Yes Median 6.18 16.17 3.5 3 7.37 6.06 7.05 4.47 SD 8.8 18.15 5.14 2.86 7.8 4.28 10.38 1.88 N 189 9 166 32 166 32 166 32 p-value 0.001 0.65 0.365 0.038 Legend – PICU LOS – Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Length of stay, SD – standard deviation, MV – mechanical ventilation, PRBC – packed red blood cells, CSF – cerebrospinal fluid, ICH – intracranial hypertension, ADH – antidiuretic hormone. hyperglycemic stress for extended periods, and the effects of hyperglycemia on these patients may differ from those seen in adult populations.10-12 Therefore, changes in glucose levels that develop after neurosurgery should be better studied to outline preventive measures, such as determination of glucose infusion rates, prevention of unnecessary use of systemic corticosteroids, and early diagnosis of infection. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia is frequent in children following neuro- surgery and was not found to be associated with the durations of mechanical ventilation, PICU stay, or hospital stay in this sample of pediatric patients. In pediatric patients, glucose levels should be carefully and accurately controlled after surgery, as this may reduce morbidity and hospitalization time. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of hyperglycemia in pediatric neurosurgi- cal patients. Table 3 - Results of multivariate analysis. Outcome Risk Factor Regression p-value Fever Laryngitis Hyperglycemia Coagulation disorders Infection Use of steroids Fever Laryngitis Coagulation disorders Infection Use of steroids Fever Laryngitis Use of PRBC Coagulation disorders Infection Use of steroids Analysis (Wald Test) 7.72 9.13 3.2 0.23 4.1 2.96 7.54 3.39 0.31 8.99 0.02 3.88 4.29 5.27 14.11 2.36 48.24 ,0.001 0.003 0.062 0.63 0.043 0.085 0.006 0.066 0.576 0.003 0.894 0.049 0.038 0.022 ,0.001 0.125 ,0.001 1639 PICU LOS Hospital LOS MV time