Smoking affects the hemodynamic changes induced by intubation Vol. 58, No. 6, June 2010 compared using the Student t-test. The comparisons of heart was 12.7 years. They smoked on average 18 cigarettes per day. rates and the MAP between the groups were done using the In Group MN, there was no difference between the baseline independent t-test. The changes over time of the heart rates MAP and the MAP just after endotracheal intubation. In Group and MAPs within the groups were compared using repeated MS, the MAP just after endotracheal intubation was significantly measures of ANOVA test. P values < 0.05 were considered to be increased as compared with the baseline MAP (110.1 ± 17.3 significant. Results There was no significant difference between the male smokers and nonsmokers and between female smokers and nonsmokers for age, weight, height, the administered remifentanil dose mmHg vs 87.9 ± 4.6 mmHg, respectively) and the MAPs were significantly increased at just after endotracheal intubation (110.1 ± 17.3 mmHg vs 88.8 ± 14.6 mmHg, respectively) and at 1, 2 and 3 minutes after intubation, as compared with Group MN, respectively (Fig. 1A, P < 0.05). In group MN, the heart rate was significantly increased just after endotracheal intubation (72.5 ± 11.4 bpm vs 64.1 ± 3.5 bpm, respectively) and 1 and 2 minutes and the propofol dose until endotracheal intubation (Table 1). after intubation as compared with the baseline heart rate (Fig. None of the patients had their remifentanil infusion stopped 1B, P < 0.05). In Group MS, the heart rate was significantly because none of the patients had a decreased systolic blood increased just after endotracheal intubation (88.5 ± 16.5 bpm pressure below 80 mmHg during anesthetic induction. There vs 68.3 ± 8.74 bpm) and at 1, 2 and 3 minutes after intubation was no difference between the smokers and nonsmokers for the as compared with baseline, respectively, and these values were baseline MAPs and heart rates. The average duration of smoking higher than those of Group MN (Fig. 1B, P < 0.05). for men was 17.1 years and the average amount smoked was 24 For women, there was no difference between Group FN cigarettes per day. For women, the average duration of smoking and Group FS for the MAP measured just after endotracheal Table 1. Demographic Data Age (yr) Weight (kg) Height (cm) Remifentanil dose (μg) Propofol dose (mg) Baseline MAP (mmHg) Baseline HR (bpm) Group MS 56.3 ± 9.4 76.0 ± 8.6 172.7 ± 2.6 81.6 ± 11.0 60.8 ± 6.9 87.9 ± 4.7 68.3 ± 8.7 Group MN 54.2 ± 8.1 72.6 ± 7.1 171.1 ± 4.6 77.4 ± 13.6 58.1 ± 5.7 90.2 ± 6.0 64.1 ± 3.5 Group FS 56.5 ± 10.3 55.9 ± 7.1 162.4 ± 5.6 59.0 ± 8.4 44.7 ± 5.7 87.1 ± 10.1 72.4 ± 3.9 Group FN 54.7 ± 9.8 58.3 ± 10.2 160.9 ± 4.6 60.6 ± 10.4 46.6 ± 8.0 86.8 ± 10.0 77.1 ± 14.8 Values are expressed as means ± SDs. There were no differences in the patient characteristics and baseline values between Group MS and Group MN, and between Group FS and Group FN, respectively. Group MS: male smokers, Group MN: male nonsmokers, Group FS: female smokers, Group FN: female nonsmokers, MAP: mean arterial pressure, HR: heart rate. Fig. 1. Changes of the MAP (mean arterial pressure) (A) and HR (heart rate) (B) in the males. The MAP and HR at P0 and 1, 2 and 3 minutes in Group MS were higher than those of Group MN, respectively (P < 0.05). In Group MS, the HR was increased at P0 and 1, 2 and 3 minutes compared with that at baseline. Group MS: male smokers, Group MN: male nonsmokers, B: baseline, BO: on unconsciousness, BI: just before intubation, P0: just after intubation, P1, 2, 3: 1, 2, 3 minutes after intubation. *P < 0.05 compared with baseline, †P < 0.05 compared with Group MN. 510 www.ekja.org