FLORAL ARRANGEMENT PROGRAMME IN SCHIZOPHRENIA TABLE 2 Cognitive outcomes of SFA treated and non-treated control subjects SFA Control Block Tapping Forward Pre post Digit Span Forward pre post Backward pre post Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Immediate recall pre Post Mean 4.8 5.4 7.4 6.3 4.4 4.4 18.6 20.3 (SD) (1.3) (1.1) (1.1) (2.0) (1.5) (0.7) (8.9) (8.4) Mean 5.3 4.8 6.5 6.5 4.8 4.6 12.4 13.9 633 (SD) (0.8) (1.4) (1.0) (1.1) (1.7) (1.2) (8.4) (6.6) seems to be higher in the SFA programme. The SFA programme requires participants to memorise predetermined placing orders of materials and make a ﬂoral arrangement based on them, while placing order for each block is not determined in Block-design training. Participants need not memorise order information in Block-design training. Working memory dysfunction is often treated in cognitive rehabilitation for traumatic or degenerative brain damaged patients, as well as psychiatric patients. The SFA programme may be useful for demented patients with organic brain damage, as well as schizophrenic patients. Lesions in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex induce dysfunction of the visuospatial working memory (Bor, Duncan, Lee, Parr, & Owen, 2006). Moreover, right brain damaged patients with visuospatial cognition disability or unilateral spatial neglect could also be treated using the SFA programme due to the requirement for manipulation of more complex (three-dimensional) visuospatial infor- mation. It is reported that cognitive improvement would induce an increase of brain activation in schizophrenic patients (Wykes et al., 2002), so we will examine the change of brain activation during the SFA programme in the future. There was a discrepancy between the present copy results and that of previous studies. The non-treated control group showed a signiﬁcant decrease in mean copy score from pre- to post-test phase, while decline of copy ability has been little reported in schizophrenic patients (Bowie et al., 2008; Dickinson, Ragland, Gold, & Gur, 2008). It was inconclusive whether or not SFA treatment contributed to the maintenance of copy ability in treated participants. Further studies are required to conﬁrm the positive effects of SFA treatment in visuospatial copy ability.