press-5.qxd 11/28/07 3:01 PM Page 403 B. Mosheimer et al.: Recombinant A1PI and granulocyte migration -derived transgenic rhA1PI formulation were observed after aerosol inhalation. The clinical symptoms and sec- ondary antibody responses suggest that re-exposure could result in intolerance of non-human-protein impu- rities [23]. These observations may represent an impor- tant obstacle to the development of transgenic human proteins for therapeutic use. In conclusion, the present study explored if rhA1PI directly activates lung inflammatory granulocyte migra- tion. The result of no direct chemotactic effects of A1PI despite its recently described anti-inflammatory affects in other biological activities of leukocytes may explain the preserved antibacterial defense mechanisms observed in patients under experimental inhalative aug- mentation therapy with rhA1PI. 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