Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine enhance the eﬀects of the intervention, since family support has been shown to buﬀer internalizing and externalizing behavior in low-income youth [19, 21, 101, 108–111]. Group drumming lends itself well to family involvement, without the stigma of a mental health intervention [27, 28]. Finally, future studies should evaluate the relative eﬃcacy of intervention delivery by other types of school personnel. 5. Conclusions School counselor-led group drumming, integrated with activities from group counseling, appears to improve the social and emotional correlates of chronic stress in low- income children. Through a positive development approach, the program can increase core assets that may inﬂuence a wide spectrum of behaviors, thus yielding broad public health value. 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