Hindawi Publishing Corporation AIDS Research and Treatment Volume 2012, Article ID 953743, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/953743 Research Article Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Precancerous Cervical Cancer Lesions among HIV-Infected Women in Resource-Limited Settings Peter Memiah,1 Wangeci Mbuthia,2 Grace Kiiru,2 Solomon Agbor,1 Francesca Odhiambo,3 Sylvia Ojoo,3 and Sibhatu Biadgilign4 1 Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 Nazareth Hospital, Naitobi, Kenya 3 Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation Kenya, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA 4 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 24414, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Sibhatu Biadgilign, sibhatu2005@yahoo.com Received 15 October 2011; Revised 26 January 2012; Accepted 27 January 2012 Academic Editor: Charles Chiedza Maponga Copyright © 2012 Peter Memiah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To assess the prevalence and identiﬁed associated risk factors for precancerous cervical cancer lesions among HIV- infected women in resource-limited settings in Kenya. Methods. HIV-infected women attending the ART clinic at the Nazareth Hospital ART clinic between June 2009 and September 2010. Multivariate logistic regression model with odds ratios and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CI) were estimated after controlling for important covariates. Result. A total of 715 women were screened for cervical cancer. The median age of the participants was 40 years (range 18–69 years). The prevalence of precancerous lesions (CINI, CINII, CIN III, ICC) was 191 (26.7%). After controlling for other variables in logistic regression analysis, cervical precancerous lesions were associated with not being on ART therapy; whereby non-ART were 2.21 times more likely to have precancerous lesions than ART patients [(aOR) = 2.21, 95% CI (1.28–3.83)]. Conclusion. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions was lower than other similar settings. It is recommended that cancer screening of HIV-infected women should be an established practice. Availability and accessibility of these services can be done through their integration into HIV. Prompt initiation of HAART through an early enrollment into care has an impact on reducing the prevalence and progression of cervical precancerous lesions. 1. Background Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy and accounts for the greatest number of deaths from can- cer in women worldwide [1]. Human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) infection also represents a tremendous health burden worldwide. Cervical cancer was made an acquired immunodeﬁciency syndrome (AIDS-) deﬁning illness in 1993 [2]. In 2005, there were almost 260,000 deaths from cervical cancer and more than 500,000 new cases worldwide. Women in developing countries are at greater risk of death from cervical cancer primarily because few have access to the screening and treatment services that have greatly reduced mortality in the industrialized world over the past four decades. About 75% of women in industrialized countries has been screened for cervical cancer in the previous ﬁve years, compared to less than 5% in developing countries [3]. According to WHO (1986), it has been estimated that only about 5% of women in developing countries has been screened for cervical dysplasia in the past 5 years, compared with 40% to 50% of women in developed countries [4]. Research ﬁndings suggest that HIV-induced immunodeﬁ- ciency predisposes to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical carcinoma by facilitating the expression of a causal agent [5–8]. The public health importance of assessing the interaction between HIV and HPV infection with respect to cervical disease is suggested by increased rates of dysplasia persistence and recurrence among HIV-positive women and shorter survival for women with HIV infection and cervical cancer [9].