Daily cigarette consumption, b weight (95% CI) Age <30 Reference 30 39 1.431 ( 0.325 to 3.187) 40 39 2.830 ( 6.467 to 0.806) 50+ 1.187 ( 3.823 to 6.198) Education #9 years Reference 10e12 years 0.146 ( 1.941 to 1.650) 13e14 years 1.298 ( 1.667 to 4.264) $15 years e Occupation Production operators Reference Professionals 1.672 ( 5.840 to 2.497) Laboratory technicians 0.348 ( 2.605 to 1.909) Sales/marketing 1.872 ( 7.477 to 3.732) Night shift work No Reference Yes 1.634 ( 0.545 to 3.812) First cigarette after waking up (min) <5 Reference 6e30 1.825 ( 5.596 to 1.945) 31e60 4.838 ( 8.557 to 1.120)* >60 7.266 ( 10.921 to 3.612)y No. of quitting attempts in the past 12 months 0 Reference 1 2.579 (0.030 to 5.129)* 2 1.764 ( 0.430 to 3.959) >2 1.281 ( 0.977 to 3.539) Self-conﬁdence about quitting Will not succeed Reference May not succeed 0.295 ( 3.549 to 2.959) Uncertain 0.843 ( 3.791 to 2.105) May succeed 0.365 ( 3.294 to 2.563) Will succeed 3.265 ( 6.537 to 0.006) Acceptance to cessation programme in workplace No Reference Yes 0.443 ( 2.243 to 1.358) Smoking policies in workplace Restrictive smoking Smoke free Reference 3.384 ( 5.529 to 1.240)y *p<0.05. yp<0.01. Quitting attitudes, OR (95% CI) Reference 0.411 (0.158 to 1.068) 0.313 (0.040 to 2.457) 2.290 (0.074 to 70.398) Reference 0.613 (0.229 to 1.635) 0.425 (0.077 to 2.357) e Reference 0.657 (0.067 to 6.493) 13.168 (2.506 to 69.187)y 1.908 (0.083 to 43.688) Reference 2.114 (0.593 to 7.519) Reference 0.348 (0.043 to 2.831) 0.749 (0.093 to 6.018) 0.730 (0.094 to 5.695) Reference 0.474 (0.122 to 1.840) 0.346 (0.103 to 1.163) 1.370 (0.384 to 4.883) Reference 0.450 (0.073 to 2.771) 1.852 (0.372 to 9.229) 0.841 (0.169 to 4.189) 2.264 (0.373 to 13.746) Reference 6.369 (2.227 to 18.182)y Reference 0.433 (0.136 to 1.384) R e s e a r c h p a p e r Table 3 Results of multiple logistic (ORs) and multiple linear (b weight) regression analyses of factors associated with smokers’ daily cigarette consumption and quitting attitudes (N¼620) Workplace with smoking policies implemented for 3 years Workplace with smoking policies implemented for 10 years Daily cigarette consumption, b weight (95% CI) Quitting attitudes, OR (95% CI) imposed for 10 years were quite similar to each other (60.1% vs 58.9%), which was also similar to the 2002 national survey result of 57.4%. Occupation is another factor associated with employee smoking behaviours. In our study, production operators had the highest smoking rate among all occupation groups. But salesmen and marketing employees, who are normally more educated than production operators, had very similar smoking rates to produc- tion operators. As emphasised in the 2009 China National Smoking Report, awareness of the health impacts of cigarette smoking among the Chinese population is still very low and this issue is further exacerbated by the implementation of largely ineffective health promotion campaigns.14 More importantly, cigarettes are still a common commercial product in China and smoking is perceived as an important component of social activity and a way of communicating.10 15 16 Mao et al, in their study on factors inﬂuencing smoking by Chinese adults, indicated 134 that in most Chinese social situations positive perceptions of smoking will be highly inﬂuential in increasing smoking rates and uptake.17 This may partially explain the highest smoking rate being in sales/marketing employees in our study. Because of their working roles, those group employees are exposed daily to such pro-smoking cultural inﬂuences and have more opportunities to smoke with their customers or clients. Their high smoking rates, therefore, could reﬂect a combination of lack of knowledge of health effects, permissive smoking in most public settings (even if smoking is not allowed in their workplaces) and positive social perceptions of smoking. However, education appears to impact on quitting behaviour. We found university educated smokers had a higher proportion who reported that they had made quitting attempts in the past 12 months compared with the lowest educated group (50.5% vs 26.5%, p<0.01). Although nearly half of smokers reported having no quitting intention in the coming 6 months, around 60% of current Tobacco Control 2011;20:131e136. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.036335 Reference 1.051 ( 0.783 to 2.884) 3.050 (1.261 to 4.840)y 3.866 (1.727 to 6.006)y Reference 0.934 ( 0.540 to 2.409) 0.127 ( 2.140 to 2.395) 1.165 ( 4.199 to 1.870) Reference 2.551 ( 4.954 to 0.147)* 2.007 ( 4.557 to 0.544) 0.993 ( 3.009 to 1.023) Reference 0.832 ( 2.201 to 0.538) Reference 3.776 ( 5.577 to 1.976)y 5.589 ( 7.710 to 3.468)y 8.674 ( 10.609 to e6.738)y Reference 0.470 ( 2.081 to 1.142) 0.019 ( 2.094 to 2.132) 1.272 ( 2.804 to 0.259) Reference 1.889 ( 0.547 to 4.324) 1.533 ( 0.666 to 3.732) 0.525 ( 1.707 to 2.757) 0.243 ( 2.613 to 2.127) Reference 0.018 ( 1.335 to 1.299) Reference 0.549 ( 1.977 to 0.878) Reference 1.140 (0.577 to 2.253) 1.416 (0.723 to 2.772) 2.399 (1.072 to 5.367)* Reference 0.692 (0.395 to 1.212) 1.286 (0.552 to 3.000) 1.580 (0.506 to 4.939) Reference 0.687 (0.267 to 1.769) 0.571 (0.221 to 1.476) 3.159 (1.461 to 6.829)y Reference 2.074 (1.212 to 3.546)y Reference 1.800 (0.870 to 3.722) 1.632 (0.712 to 3.741) 2.842 (1.312 to 6.158)y Reference 2.617 (1.438 to 4.762)y 4.041 (1.873 to 8.719)y 4.591 (2.607 to 8.086)y Reference 2.870 (0.991 to 8.316) 1.698 (0.632 to 4.563) 4.707 (1.774 to 12.487)y 5.697 (2.017 to 16.093)y Reference 2.793 (1.655 to 4.717)y Reference 0.924 (0.539 to 1.584)