Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine staﬀ understanding of Islamic belief, religious practice, spiritual beliefs, cultural mores, and social background. With the open borders strategy and population shift from East to West, it is crucial that physicians and nurses be trans- cultural with sensitivity to spiritual needs of their patients. The spiritual treatment of the Muslim patient in general and the terminally ill patient in particular is essential in easing the patient’s pain and suﬀering. The patient must be listened to and the diﬀerences in his values and faith must be accepted, reﬂecting sensitivity and mutual respect and avoiding judging and engaging in prejudice. Improving communication and mutual respect is the basis of achieving the best medical treatment with conﬂict and stress reduction with the patient and family, and a more satisﬁed and rewarding practice for the caregiver. Spiritual history and assessment are vital to implementing holistic care, preventing confrontations and embarrassment, and ﬁnally ensuring a better quality of life of the acute or terminally ill Muslim patient and family. In working with the Jewish patient, one must always remember the very diverse set of beliefs and practices to be found among Jews and listen closely to understand the set of beliefs out of which a particular patient or family is operating. Palliative care itself, whether or not it is pursued along with standard care, and regardless of how one thinks of its philosophical underpinnings, is mandated in much if not all of Judaism and should certainly be brought up in conversations with the patient or his/her family in an appropriately sensitive manner. Psychological and spiritual care are a crucial part of the care that needs to be provided, in consonance with the patient’s needs and wishes, which may be more or less “religious.” References [1] C. Puchalski, B. 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