RESEARCH where case surveillance is limited because of remoteness of an area, poor reporting of cases to local or central authorities, misdiagnosis, and difﬁculties in performing conﬁrmatory laboratory diagnostic tests. Further research may enable more effective use of serologic data if insights can be gained into how antibody levels relate to timing and degree of exposure. Acknowledgments We thank the Tanzania Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, the Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, TANAPA, TAWIRI, the NCA Authority, the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, and the National Institute for Medical Research for permission to conduct this study. We also thank TANAPA and TAWIRI Veterinary Units, participants in the Viral Transmission Dynamics Project, participants in the Serengeti Lion and Cheetah Projects, the Frankfurt Zoological Society, livestock ﬁeld ofﬁcers and health workers in Mara, Mwanza, Shinyanga, and Arusha regions, and the Tanzania Game Tracker Safaris/Friedkin Conservation Fund for assistance with sample collection. This study was supported by the joint National Institutes of Health/National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (grant NSF/DEB0225453), the Wellcome Trust (K.H.), the Department for International Development Animal Health Programme (S.C.), Google.org, and the Messerli Foundation. Dr Lembo is a scientiﬁc and veterinary advisor for the Serengeti Health Project at the Conservation and Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, and research associate at the Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow. 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