Meta-analysis of PSA, DRE and TRUS measure will not be independent of the cutoff point.23 Caution is recommended in using and interpreting this measure of effectiveness, unlike the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, when assumptions are substantially violated (see Moses et al.).39 Table 3. Outcomes of Digital Rectal Examination for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer by the Study (N=13) Authors Year TP FP FN TN Sn Sp Kang SG 1991 9 5 6 31 60.0 86.1 Kim TH et al. 1994 16 11 2 104 88.9 90.4 Park HK et al. 1994 14 17 5 57 73.7 77.0 Byun HS 1995 17 24 3 37 85.0 60.7 Park SW et al. 1995 12 13 3 50 80.0 79.4 Choi JH et al. 1996 7 19 4 34 63.6 64.2 Seo WK et al. 1996 27 24 13 137 67.5 (85.1) Kim JH et al. 1998 20 22 6 114 76.9 83.8 Jung JY et al. 1998 39 32 15 44 72.2 57.9 Yoon JH et al. 1998 38 58 15 99 71.7 63.1 Chang HJ et al. 1999 30 51 6 128 83.3 71.5 Kim JH et al. 2000 51 56 39 119 56.7 68.0 Jung BC et al. 2002 73 100 46 127 61.3 55.9 Pooled results 353 432 163 1,081 68.4 71.5 TP, True Positive; FP, False Positive; FN, False Negative; TN, True Negative. Sn, Sensitivity; Sp, Specificity; PA, Percent Agreement. All bold numbers were directly calculated in this study using each formula. Table 4. Outcomes of Transrectal Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer by the Study (N=13) Authors Year TP FP FN TN Sn Sp Kang SG 1991 14 3 1 33 93.3 91.7 Kim TH et al. 1994 15 11 3 104 83.3 90.4 Park HK et al. 1994 14 20 5 54 73.7 73.0 Byun HS 1995 16 23 4 38 80.0 62.3 Park SW et al. 1995 13 23 2 40 86.7 63.5 Choi JH et al. 1996 9 30 2 23 81.8 43.4 Seo WK et al. 1996 27 40 13 121 67.5 75.2 Kim JH et al. 1998 24 100 2 36 92.3 26.5 Jung JY et al. 1998 34 22 20 54 63.0 71.1 Yoon JH et al. 1998 47 51 6 106 88.7 67.5 Chang HJ et al. 1999 (133)* 21 56 14 42 60.0 42.9 Kim JH et al. 2000 66 99 24 76 73.3 43.4 Jung BC et al. 2002 79 76 40 151 66.4 66.5 Pooled results 379 554 136 878 73.6 61.3 TP, True Positive; FP, False Positive; FN, False Negative; TN, True Negative. Sn, Sensitivity; Sp, Specificity; PA, Percent Agreement. All bold numbers were directly calculated in this study using each formula. *Among the total subjects (215), these patients were taken transrectal ultrasonography. PA 78.4 90.2 76.3 66.7 79.5 64.1 81.6 82.7 63.8 65.2 73.5 64.2 57.8 70.7 PA 92.2 89.5 73.1 66.7 67.9 50.0 73.6 37.0 67.7 72.9 47.4 53.6 66.5 64.6 Yonsei Med J Vol. 46, No. 3, 2005