282 26. Hurt AC, Alexander R, Hibbert J, et al. Performance of six influ- enza rapid tests in detecting human influenza in clinical specimens. J Clin Virol. 2007;39:132–5. 27. Smit M, Beynon KA, Murdoch DR, et al. Comparison of the NOW Influenza A & B, NOW Flu A, NOW Flu B, and Directigen Flu A+B assays, and immunofluorescence with viral culture for the detection of influenza A and B viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;57:67–70. 28. Rahman M, Vandermause MF, Kieke BA, et al. Performance of Binax NOW Flu A and B and direct fluorescent assay in compar- ison with a composite of viral culture or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of influenza infection during the 2006 to 2007 season. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;62:162–6. 29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for detection of novel influenza A (H1N1) Virus - United States, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009, 58:826-829. 30. Vasoo S, Stevens J, Singh K. Rapid antigen tests for diagnosis of pandemic (Swine) influenza A/H1N1. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1090– 3. 31. Drexler JF, Helmer A, Kirberg H, et al. Poor clinical sensitivity of rapid antigen test for influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1662–4. 32. Pongthanapisith V, Sukasem C, Premchaiporn K, et al. Clinical performance of three rapid diagnostic tests for influenza virus in nasopharyngeal specimens to detect novel swine-origin influenza viruses. Infection. 2011;39:105–11. 33. Landry ML, Cohen S, Ferguson D. Real-time PCR compared to Binax NOW and cytospin-immunofluorescence for detection of influenza in hospitalized patients. J Clin Virol. 2008;43:148–51. 34. Taubenberger JK, Layne SP. Diagnosis of influenza virus: coming to grips with the molecular era. Mol Diagn. 2001;6:291–305. 35. Ellis JS, Zambon MC. Molecular diagnosis of influenza. Rev Med Virol. 2002;12:375–89. 36. Shu B, Wu KH, Emery S, et al.: Design and performance of the CDC real-time reverse transcriptase PCR swine flu panel for detection of 2009 A (H1N1) pandemic influenza virus. J Clin Microbiol 2011, 49:2614-2619. Description of the rRT-PCR assay designed at the CDC during the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic. 37. Yang Y, Huang F, Gonzalez R, et al. Evaluation of twelve real-time reverse transcriptase PCR primer-probe sets for detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:1434–40. 38. Lam WY, Leung TF, Lee N, et al. Development and comparison of molecular assays for the rapid detection of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus. J Med Virol. 2010;82:675–83. 39. de la Tabla VO, Masiá M, Antequera P, et al. Comparison of combined nose-throat swabs with nasopharyngeal aspirates for detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:3492–5. 40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011, 60:1128-1132. Latest recommendations for influenza vaccination from the CDC. 41. Fiore AE, Fry A, Shay D, et al.: Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza—recommendations of the Advi- sory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2011,60:1-24. ACIP recommendations on the use of antiviral medications for the treatment and prevention of influenza. 42. Toovey S, Rayner C, Prinssen E, et al. Assessment of neuropsy- chiatric adverse events in influenza patients treated with oseltami- vir: a comprehensive review. Drug Saf. 2008;31:1097–114. 43. Tanabe T, Hara K, Nakajima M, et al. Oseltamivir treatment for children showing abnormal behavior during influenza virus infec- tion. Brain Dev. 2010;32:440–4. Curr Infect Dis Rep (2012) 14:275–283 44. Williamson JC, Pegram PS. Neuraminidase inhibitors in patients with underlying airways disease. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1:85– 90. 45. Keyser LA, Karl M, Nafziger AN, et al. Comparison of central nervous system adverse effects of amantadine and rimantadine used as sequential prophylaxis of influenza A in elderly nursing home patients. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1485–8. 46. Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, et al. Effectiveness of neur- aminidase inhibitors in treatment and prevention of influenza A and B: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised con- trolled trials. BMJ. 2003;326:1235. 47. Jefferson T, Demicheli V, Rivetti D, et al. Antivirals for influenza in healthy adults: systematic review. Lancet. 2006;367:303–13. 48. Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339:b5106. 49. Burch J, Corbett M, Stock C, et al. Prescription of anti-influenza drugs for healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9:537–45. 50. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. The MIST (Man- agement of Influenza in the Southern Hemisphere Trialists) Study Group. Lancet 1998, 352:1877-1881. 51. Kaiser L, Wat C, Mills T, et al. Impact of oseltamivir treatment on influenza-related lower respiratory tract complications and hospi- talizations. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1667–72. 52. Hernán MA, Lipsitch M. Oseltamivir and risk of lower respiratory tract complications in patients with flu symptoms: a meta-analysis of eleven randomized clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:277–9. 53. Lee N, Chan PK, Choi KW, et al. Factors associated with early hospital discharge of adult influenza patients. Antivir Ther. 2007;12:501–8. 54. McGeer A, Green KA, Plevneshi A, et al. Antiviral therapy and outcomes of influenza requiring hospitalization in Ontario, Can- ada. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1568–75. 55. Uyeki T. Antiviral treatment for patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1). N Engl J Med. 2009;361:e110. 56. Jain S, Kamimoto L, Bramley AM, et al. Hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States, April-June 2009. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1935–44. 57. Rodríguez A, Díaz E, Martín-Loeches I, et al. Impact of early oseltamivir treatment on outcome in critically ill patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:1140–9. 58. Yu H, Liao Q, Yuan Y, et al. Effectiveness of oseltamivir on disease progression and viral RNA shedding in patients with mild pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1: opportunistic retrospective study of medical charts in China. BMJ. 2010;341:c4779. 59. Choi SM, Boudreault AA, Xie H, et al. Differences in clinical out- comes after 2009 influenza A/H1N1 and seasonal influenza among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood. 2011;117:5050–6. 60. Gaur AH, Bagga B, Barman S, et al. Intravenous zanamivir for oseltamivir-resistant 2009 H1N1 influenza. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:88–9. 61. Kidd IM, Down J, Nastouli E, et al. H1N1 pneumonitis treated with intravenous zanamivir. Lancet. 2009;374:1036. 62. Härter G, Zimmermann O, Maier L, et al. Intravenous zanamivir for patients with pneumonitis due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:1249–51. 63. Dulek DE, Williams JV, Creech CB, et al. Use of intravenous zanamivir after development of oseltamivir resistance in a critically Ill immunosuppressed child infected with 2009 pan- demic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:1493– 6. 64. Kohno S, Kida H, Mizuguchi M, et al. Intravenous peramivir for treatment of influenza A and B virus infection in high-risk patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55:2803–12.