Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 4.3. Physical and Sexual Abuse 989 Empirical studies overwhelmingly point to an association between childhood abuse/neglect and suicidality for both boys and girls and within different ethnic/racial groups [29]. Exposure to physical and, especially, sexual abuse in childhood leads to a significant increase in poor mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation and behavior, experienced at ages 16 to 25 [30]. The risk is increased if the child is sexually abused by an immediate family member or the sexual abuse is repeated over time [31]. The greater the severity of the abuse, the higher the risk of suicide attempts [31]. Interestingly, Garnefski and Arends [32] found that sexually abused boys were at greater risk of suicide attempts than sexually abused girls, although both groups were at higher risk than non-abused boys and girls [32]. Thus, all abused children and adolescents should be carefully evaluated for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and health professionals who work with them should be trained in adolescent suicidal therapy. Several interventions have been investigated as strategies to prevent suicide in abused children, including family preservation or unification models, broad ecologically based intervention models and prevention models. One of the largest projects examined mental health interventions for children who were victims of intrafamilial physical or sexual abuse. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy was proven effective in reducing psychological distress in these children [33]. Moreover, it seems that better education regarding reporting suspected abuse and making it easier for children to seek help if they are being abused may also be important measures. 4.4. Change of Residence and Socioeconomic Class Qin et al. [34] reported that children who frequently moved were more likely to make suicide attempts during adolescence. There was a dose-response relationship between number of moves and risk of attempted suicide. However, other studies found that residential mobility was associated with suicide attempts in adolescent females but not males, suggesting an important gender difference [35]. More empirical research is needed in order to address this difference. Another factor is social class. Some studies show that adolescents who engage in DSH behaviors tend to be from lower socioeconomic strata [36,37], while other studies found no such association. Additionally, low levels of parental education are associated with higher adolescent suicidal risk [23]. 4.5. Sexual Orientation Youth who report same-sex sexual orientation are at greater risk than their peers to attempt suicide, and this risk persists even after controlling for other suicide risk factors [38]. According to a recent study, gay, lesbian or bisexual adolescents who experience family rejection or a negative family reaction at their “coming out” have an eightfold greater likelihood of attempting suicide than adolescents who experience no or minimal family rejection [39]. These findings indicate that providing the gay/lesbian adolescent community with help in resolving their identity issues is an important part of suicide prevention. Moreover, addressing the societal rejection issue seems to be an important measure in this regard.