The life-course approach and dental health of pre-adolescents 20. WHO. Oral Health Survey: Basic methods, 3rd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1987. 21. Helminen SKJ. Long-term change in dental prevention and check-up intervals in public dental service in Helsinki, Finland [Doctoral Dissertation]. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki; 2003:24-25. 22. Kneckt M. Psychological features characterizing oral health behaviour, diabetes self-care and health status among IDDM patients [Doctoral Dissertation]. Finland: University of Oulu; 2000:30-31. 23. Macgregor IDM, Balding JW. Self-esteem as a predictor of toothbrushing behaviour in young adolescents. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:312-316. 24. Pine CM, McGoldrick PM, Burnside G, et al. An intervention programme to establish regular toothbrushing: understanding parents’ beliefs and motivating children. Int Dent J 2000; Suppl Creating A Successful: S312-23. 25. Chittleborough CR, Baum FE, Taylor AW, Hiller JE. A life- course approach to measuring socioeconomic position in population health surveillance systems. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:981-992. 26. Uhlenberg P, Mueller M. Family Context and Individual Well-Being: Patterns and mechanisms in life-course perspective. In: Mortimer JT. and Shanahan JM, eds. Handbook of the Life-course. Kluver Academic/ Plenum Publishers; 2003: 123-149. 27. United Nations. Third Report on the World Nutrition Situation [publication on the Internet]. Geneva: ACC/SCN publications; 1997. Available at: http://www.unsystem.org/ scn/archives/rwns03/index.htm. Accessed 19.11.2007. 28. Vereecken CA, Inchley J, Subramanian SV, Hublet A, Maes L. The relative influence of individual and contextual socio-economic status on consumption of fruit and soft drinks among adolescents in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2005;15:224-232. 29. Keskin Y , Moschonis G , Dimitriou M , et al. Prevalence of iron deficiency among schoolchildren of different socio-economic status in urban Turkey. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005;59:64–71. 30. Finnish Heart Association. Action plan for promoting Finnish heart health for the years 2005-2011 [publication on the Internet]. Helsinki: Finnish Heart Association; 2005. Available at: http://www.sydänliitto.fi/ajankohtaista/en_ GB/. Accessed 19.11.2007. 31. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Trends in Social Protection in Finland 2005-2006. Helsinki: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health; 2006:126-185. 32. Haapalahti M, Mykkänen H, Tikkanen S, Kokkonen J. Meal patterns and food use in 10- to 11-year-old Finnish children. Public Health Nutr 2003;6:365-370. 160 European Journal of Dentistry 33. Gibson LY, Byrne SM, Davis EA, Blair E, Jacoby P, Zubrick SR. The role of family and maternal factors in childhood obesity. Med J Aust 2007;186:591–595. 34. Honkala S, Honkala E, Al-Sahli N. Do life- or school- satisfaction and self-esteem indicators explain the oral hygiene habits of school children? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35:337-347. 35. Taylor SE, Seeman TE. Psychosocial resources and the SES-health relationship. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999;896:210- 225. 36. Heinonen K, Raikkonen K, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. Maternal perceptions and adolescent self-esteem: a six- year longitudinal study. Adolescence 2003;38:669-687. 37. Sekine M, Yamagami T, Hamanishi S, Kagamimori S. Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of childhood obesity from height and weight values reported by parents: results of the Toyama Birth Cohort study. J Epidemiol 2002;12:9-13. 38. Dragheim E, Petersen PE, Kalo I, Saag M. Dental caries in schoolchildren of an Estonian and a Danish municipality. Int J Paediatr Dent 2000;10:271-277. 39. Nicolau B, Thomson WM, Steele JG, Allison PJ. Life-course epidemiology: concepts and theoretical models and its relevance to chronic oral conditions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35:241-249. 40. Sanders AE, Spencer AJ. Childhood circumstances, psychosocial factors and the social impact of adult oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005;33:370-377.