49 Sanson M, Augé N, Vindis C, et al. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular cells: prevention by oxygen-regulated protein 150 expression. Circ Res 2009; 104: 328–336. 50 Kelly KJ, Wu P, Patterson CE, Temm C, Dominguez JH. LOX-1 and inflam- mation: a new mechanism for renal injury in obesity and diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294: F1136–F1145. 51 Nagahama Y, Obama T, Usui M, et al. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein- induced periodontal inflammation is associated with the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 in human gingival epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413: 566–571. 52 Park YM, Febbraio M, Silverstein RL. CD36 modulates migration of mouse and human macrophages in response to oxidized LDL and may contribute to macrophage trapping in the arterial intima. J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 136–145. 53 Li D, Mehta JL. Antisense to LOX-1 inhibits oxidized LDL-mediated upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and monocyte adhesion to human coronary artery endothelial cells. Circulation 2000; 101: 2889– 2895. 54 Tanigawa H, Miura S, Matsuo Y, Fujino M, Sawamura T, Saku K. Dominant-negative Lox-1 blocks homodimerization of wild-type Lox-1- induced cell proliferation through exracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 activation. Hypertension 2006; 48: 294–300. 55 Miller YI, Viriyakosol S, Worrall DS, Boullier A, Butler S, Witztum JL. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent and -independent cytokine secretion induced by minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein in macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 1213–1219. 56 Taketa K, Matsumura T, Yano M, et al. Oxidized low density lipoprotein activates peroxisome proliferator-activated recepter-alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma through MAPK-dependent COX-2 expression in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 9852–9862. 57 Nagy L, Tontonoz P, Alvarez JG, Chen H, Evans RM. Oxidized LDL regulates macrophage gene expression through ligand activation of PPARγ. Cell 1998; 93: 229–240. 58 Inoue M, Itoh H, Tanak T, et al. Oxidized LDL regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 560–566. 59 Wiesner P, Choi SH, Almazan F, et al. Low dose of lipopolysaccharide and minimally oxidized low-density lipoprotein cooperatively activate macro- phages via nuclear factor κB and activator protein-1: possible mechanism for acceleration of atherosclerosis by subclinical endotoxemia. Circ Res 2010; 107: 56–65. 60 Stewart CR, Stuart LM, Wilkinson K, et al. CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a Toll-like receptor 4 and 6 heterodimer. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 155–161. 61 Wu CC, Wang SH, Kuan II, et al. OxLDL upregulates caveolin-1 expression in macrophages: role for caveolin-1 in the adhesion of oxLDL-treated macrophages to endothelium. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107: 460–472. 62 Suzuki K, Sakiyama Y, Usui M, et al. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins increases IL-8 production in human gingival epithelial cell line Ca9-22. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45: 488–495. 8 doi: 10.3164/jcbn.1100020R1 ©2012 JCBN