de Oliveira Dias et al Figure 1 Fluorescein angiography demonstrated small inferior juxta-foveal choroidal neovascularization OD. The association between GH and neovascular retinopathies in nondiabetic patients has been reported in earlier series.5 GH may promote stimulation of CNV through a variety of mechanisms, while one recent hypothesis involves tumor necrosis factor-mediated endothelial cells proliferation.6 Growth hormone-replacement therapy for patients with GH deﬁciency induces a diabetic-like retinopathy, which is attenuated after discontinuation of treatment.7 Moreover, Hellström and colleagues showed that diabetic children with congenital GH deﬁciency develop less retinal vascularization.8 Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that GH level may have some relationship with CNV. We describe occurrence of CNV in a young patient undergoing long-term GH therapy but, in this case, the role of GH in CNV formation is not deﬁnite because the effect of pathologic myopia can not be excluded. The link between iatro- genic CNV due to growth hormone intake remains unknown. Disclosure The authors report no conﬂicts of interest in this work. 90 References 1. Smith LEH, Kopchick JJ, Chen W, et al. Essential role of growth hormone in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. Science. 1997;276:1706–9. 2. Wright AD, Kohner EM, Oakley NW, et al. Serum growth hormone levels and the response of diabetic retinopathy to pituitary ablation. Br Med J. 1969;2:346–8. 3. Lincoln DT, Singal PK, Al-Banaw A. Growth hormone in vascular pathology: neovascularization and expression of receptors is associated with cellular proliferation. Anticancer Res. 2007;27:4201–18. 4. Bottoni F, Tilanus M. The natural history of juxtafoveal and subfo- veal choroidal neovascularization in high myopia. Int Ophthalmol. 2001;24:249–55. 5. Koller EA, Green L, Gertner JM, et al. Retinal changes mimicking diabetic retinopathy in two nondiabetic, growth hormone-treated patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:2380–3. 6. Andiran N, Yordam N. TNF-alpha levels in children with growth hormone deﬁciency and the effect of long-term growth hormone replacement therapy. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2007;17:149–53. 7. Hansen R, Koller EA, Malozowski S. Full remission of growth hor- mone (GH)-induced retinopathy after GH treatment discontinuation: long-term follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2627. 8. Hellström A, Svensson E, Carlsson B, et al. Reduced retinal vascular- ization in children with growth hormone deﬁciency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:795–8. Clinical Ophthalmology 2009:3