AIDS Research and Treatment community support and self-management for groups such as adolescents, pregnant women, pre-ART patients and TB patients need to be studied. Fourth, to facilitate access to ART, drug reﬁll points could be integrated in and managed by communities, schools, market places, and the workplace [33]. Fifth, the use of new communication technologies like cell phones and smart phones can contribute to PLWHA em- powerment and improved self-management, strengthening communication within the community and with the health sector [34]. And, last but not least, the potential future imp- lementation of a treatment-as-prevention strategy will have to rely heavily on PLWHA’ involvement in chronic care and lifelong adherence to make this strategy feasible [35]. 5. Conclusion In SSA, a huge proportion of the population needs to adhere daily to life-preserving medication, a process which requires an uninterrupted supply integrated in daily life in the community. We found two innovative pilot models in SSA showing the feasibility of involving PLWHA in tasks such as ART provision. Both models reduced barriers to ART reﬁll, decreased dependency on health services and re- sulted in health outcomes comparable to facility-based care. Using their day-to-day experience of living with HIV, expert patients were able to provide better ﬁtting solutions to prac- tical and psychosocial barriers to adherence. These results seem consistent with theoretical insights and practical expe- riences from diabetes and other chronic diseases in the West. An extension of these pilots is needed to evaluate the scala- bility in diﬀerent contexts. There will be a need for careful design of such models according to the local contexts and realities to explore if PLWHA can become expert patients, capacitated and empowered to manage their HIV and sup- port fellow peers, as an untapped resource to control HIV/ AIDS. Conﬂicts of Interests There was no conﬂicts of interests. 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