36 S. H. Eriksson et al. Figure 2. Zoomed PROPELLER image of right (a) and left (b) temporal lobe in patient 1 with left HS. The left temporal lobe has been magniﬁed (c) for comparison with corresponding histopathological sections. Subiculum appears normal on both PROPELLER images and histopathological sections (d; LFB, e; GFAP and f; NeuN immunohistochemistry). There is an abrupt transition to atrophy and signal increase in CA1 (red arrow). This signal increase and atrophy involved all hippocampal subﬁelds, including the hilus. Gliosis (seen best with GFAP) and neuronal loss (seen best with NeuN) were conﬁrmed in these regions on histopathological sections. Mossy ﬁber sprouting was conﬁrmed on dynorphin immunohistochemistry (g). This was not appreciable in PROPELLER images. Epilepsia C ILAE RESULTS Three patients had left and one had a right temporal lobe resection. Classical HS (corresponding to Wyler grade 3) with variable degrees of granule cell dispersion was confirmed on routine histopathology in all cases. PRO- PELLER images gave superior contrast between grey and white matter compared to that seen on routine T1-volume and T2-weighted images (Fig. 1). There were no artifacts on PROPELLER images or routine sequences. HS was identified on all sequences, but PROPELLER images gave greater detail of hippocampal internal structures (Figs. 1– 5). On both the affected and unaffected sides, PROPELLER images showed the normal band of myelinated tissue (seen Epilepsia, 49(1):33–39, 2008 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01277.x as a band of low signal) in the superficial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus extending into the hippocampus proper (Figs. 1–5). Further, PROPELLER images showed the normal grey matter signal of the subiculum, CA1 and the “C”-shaped contours of the dentate gyrus. The in- tervening white matter strata (strata moleculare, lacuno- sum, and radiatum) appeared clearly delineated as a low contrast band. The nature of this area with lower signal seen on PROPELLER images was confirmed as myeli- nated tissue on the corresponding histopathological sec- tions (Figs. 2–5). On the sclerotic side, and comparing this directly with the resected tissue, the subiculum was seen to retain approximately normal size and signal with an abrupt transition to atrophy and signal increase in CA1 (Figs. 2–5). This signal increase and atrophy also involved