Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6 706 reverse remains another possibility [46-48]. In the same way, the full socio-demographic profile of the non-respondents remains unknown and cannot be compared to the profile of the respondents. Although our response rate (70%) for this telephone survey is considered very good in the polling industry, many potentially eligible individuals did not agree to participate in the study. Volunteer bias could have possibly influenced the study results, but the percentage of respondents and non- respondents were similar across health regions of Québec (p = 0.4). This poll also excludes automatically unpublished numbers, inhabitants not speaking either French or English and homeless people. On the statistical side, the index C for the retained model is not very high at 0.62; this might be explained by the absence of the above-mentioned factors related to the determinants of behaviour. The addition of such psychosocial variables could probably improve the model performance, moreover by using another dataset for the validation of our results. 5. Conclusions Implementation of a long-term national program on controlled and reduced vehicle idling, including phasing out remote car starters and accelerated phasing in of automatic shut-off devices, as part of “no- regrets” adaptation and mitigation measures to climate change could contribute to attenuating climate change, to reducing air pollution and increasing health and quality of life of the population. Research on the cultural and psychosocial determinants of such practices could help focus future intervention programs. Acknowledgements This study was carried out thanks to the financial support of the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec, Health Canada, and the Ouranos Consortium, to the professionalism of the Léger Marketing polling firm and to the invaluable collaboration of many Quebecers. Sandra Owens kindly reviewed the manuscript. To all, thank you. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Print Measurement Bureau. Table 43. Automotive reports. 2007. http://www.pmb.ca/public/e/ product_data/reports_online_gateway.shtml? (accessible by subscription). Natural Resources Canada. Canadian vehicle survey 2005: summary report. 2005, p. 60. http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Publications/statistics/cvs05/pdf/cvs05.pdf (accessed 2008). Gilroy, A. TWICE: This Week in Consumer Electronics. Reed Business Information: New York, NY, USA, 2006; 21, pp. 72-74. Natural Resources Canada. Idling and Climate Change Go Hand in Hand. Natural Resources Canada, 2008. http://www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/transportation/idling/why-idle.cfm?attr=16 (accessed January 29, 2009). Natural Resources Canada. Report: Driver Behaviour Affecting Fuel Consumption, Office of Energy Efficiency, 1998. http://www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/transportation/idling/issues/why-idling- problem.cfm?attr=16 (accessed December 23, 2008).