Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 374070, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2012/374070 Case Report Rare Gastric Inﬂammatory Myoﬁbroblastic Tumor in an Adult Woman: A Case Report with Review of the Literature Maxwel Capsy Boga Ribeiro, Luiz Roberto Lopes, Joa˜o Coelho de Souza Neto, Luciana Rodrigues Meirelles, Rita Barbosa de Carvalho, and Nelson Adami Andreollo Department of Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessa´lia Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universita´ria Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Nelson Adami Andreollo, nandreollo@hotmail.com Received 18 October 2011; Accepted 15 February 2012 Academic Editor: Maxwell V. Meng Copyright © 2012 Maxwel Capsy Boga Ribeiro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Inﬂammatory myoﬁbroblastic tumor (IMT) of the stomach is extremely rare and its prognosis is unpredictable. We present a 37-year-old woman with a gastric IMT. She presented epigastric pain since 2 months, anemia and weight loss associated. Physical examination showed cutaneous pallor and mild abdominal tenderness in the epigastrium. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a tumor near the pancreas and the CT scan revealed that the lesion was arising from the stomach. Upper endoscopy showed a submucosal lesion of approximately 7.5 cm located in the posterior wall of the gastric body such as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient underwent a subtotal gastrectomy and Billroth I reconstruction. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed an IMT that originated from the gastric wall. 1. Introduction Inﬂammatory myoﬁbroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neo- plasm that occurs preferentially in children and young adults [1]. This distinctive neoplasm is composed of myoﬁbroblas- tic cells associated to an inﬂammatory inﬁltrate of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils that relapse often and rarely metastasizes. IMT grows as a result of a reactive inﬂammatory or post- surgery process and commonly occurs in the lung, mesen- tery, omentum, and retroperitoneum, but it can also be seen in the extremities, head and neck, genitourinary tract, and other organs [2, 3]. Nevertheless, IMT of the stomach is extremely rare [4, 5]. At the molecular level, approximately half of IMTs contain a clonal cytogenetic aberration that activates the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK-) receptor tyrosine kinase gene at 2p23. Positive immunohistochemical staining of ALK is approximately in 40–100% of IMTs, depending on the anatomic sites [6–9]. ALK expression distinguishes IMT from other diﬀerential diseases diagnostic, such as ﬁbromatosis, nodular fasciitis, leiomyosarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, which do not express ALK [1]. Clinically, the majority of IMTs are benign but they re- quire adequate surgical treatment because it has a tendency for local recurrence [1, 10, 11]. We report a case of gastric IMT in an adult woman and a review of the literature. 2. Case Report A 37-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain since 2 months with weight loss associated (45 pounds). She denied other gastrointestinal symptoms and signs such as nausea, vomiting, abnormal bowel habits, melena, or hematemesis. She had no medical or familial history. Physical examination showed cutaneous pallor and mild abdominal tenderness in the epigastrium but no palpable abnormal abdominal tumor. The laboratory ﬁndings, including tumor markers, were normals, except for a normocytic, normochromic anemia (hemoglobin: 7.7 g/dL). Abdominal ultrasound showed