Oral 84 Dosing Dosage 1 drop/2 hours × 3 43 days drops 1 drop/6 hours × 22 3 days 1 drop/10 min 4 drops prior to surgery 4×/day × 3 days 15 plus 3 drops drops 1 hour prior to surgery 4 times/day 5 drops 1 day prior and 1 drop prior to surgery 4 drops pre 4 drops surgery 4 times a day/1 4 drops day before and 4 drops, pre surgery 4 × 2 days pre 8 drops op 4 × 2 days pre 11 op plus 3 drops drops 2 hours prior to surgery 4 × 3 days 12 before surgery drops 2 tablets (400 mg) 800 mg at 14 and 3 hours before surgery 2 tablets, evening 800 mg prior to surgery and 3 hours before surgery Single tablet 400 mg 1–2 hours before surgery Single tablet, 400 mg 10 hours before surgery Single dose 400 mg Prior to surgery 2 tablets, 12 hours apart 400 mg 2.28 ± 1.23 0.88 ± 0.88 1.80 ± 1.25 1.31 ± 0.46 1.86 ± 0.23 1.55 ± 0.86 1.61 ± 0.71 0.38 ± 0.32 2.16 ± 1.12 1.34 ± 0.66 0.21 ± 0.21 2.33 ± 0.85 1.17 ± 0.40 (10 hours) 1.23 ± 0.55 (12 hours) Miller Route of Administration Topical Table 5 Penetration studies of moxiﬂoxacin and comparators into aqueous and vitreous humor Moxiﬂoxacin Aqueous Vitreous (μg/mL) (μg/mL) Gatiﬂoxacin Aqueous (μg/mL) (pharmacodynamics), and the underlying immune status of the patient (Figure 4). Pharmacokinetics is the dispersion and metabolism of the drug in the body. It is deﬁned by the absorption, distribution, dosage and protein binding characteristics of the drug, which may vary among individual drugs in a class. Pharmacodynamics deﬁnes the impact of the antimicrobial agent on the infecting microorganism. It is characterized by the bacterial species, mechanism of microbial resistance, growth phase, infecting inoculum, degree of kill, time kill Clinical Ophthalmology 2008:2(1) 0.11 ± 0.05 0.06 ± 0.06 0.011 ± 0.008 1.55 ± 0.33 1.58 ± 0.80 0.09 ± 0.09 ND ND 0.48 ± 0.34 0.63 ± 0.30 0.94 ± 0.15 0.74 ± 0.66 0.91 ± 0.54 0.19 ± 0.23 0.82 ± 0.31 Vitreous (μg/mL) ND ND 0.008 ± 0.006 Ciproﬂoxacin Aqueous Vitreous (μg/mL) (μg/mL) ND ND ND ND 0.15 ± 0.11 Reference Hariprasad et al 2005 Hariprasad et al 2005 Kim et al 2005 Solomon et al 2005 McCulley et al 2006 Katz et al 2005 Ong-Tone et al 2007 Costello et al 2006 Fuller et al 2006 Hariprasad et al 2006 Vedantham et al 2005 Garcia- Saenz et al 2001 Walter et al 2007 Kampougeris et al 2007