Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 1370 (3) increase FVs and low-fat dairy [INCREASE] over 6 months. Results of the main trial, using intention-to-treat analyses with assessments at 0, 6, and 12 months included in the analyses, found that servings/day of FVs consumed significantly increased and servings/day of SFs consumed and energy intake significantly decreased from 0 to 6 months, with no differences occurring between the three conditions. For this investigation, it was hypothesized there would be no relationship between change in FV and change in SF intake. Additionally, due to SFs having a higher energy density than FVs, it was hypothesized reductions in SF intake would have a greater impact than increases in FV intake on reductions in energy intake. 2. Methods 2.1. Participants Between November 2005 and September 2007 families from Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts were recruited by mailings, advertisements, community fairs, posters and flyers or through a referral from their family pediatrician/physician for a 6 month, family-based behavioral pediatric weight management randomized controlled trial. Eligibility criteria included families with an overweight (≥85th to <95th percentile for BMI) or obese (≥95th percentile for BMI) child, aged 4 to 9 years, who were not meeting at least one dietary (2 servings/day of whole fruit, 3 servings/day of vegetables, 2 servings/day of low-fat dairy products, ≤3 servings/day of low-nutrient-dense, high-energy dense SFs (i.e., candies, cookies, cakes, ice cream, chips, nuts or ≤3 servings/week of sugar-sweetened beverages)) or leisure-time activity (≥60 minutes of physical activity per day or <2 hours of television per day) guideline targeted in the main trial conducted by Raynor and colleagues [12], had a parent willing to attend eight treatment sessions over six months, had a parent and child who could speak English, were not participating in another child weight management program, and who had no major psychiatric disease and no dietary or physical activity restrictions. One hundred one children met eligibility criteria and were randomized into the main trial [12]. Of the 101 children randomized, 80 met an additional eligibility criterion of having complete dietary data at both time points (0 and 6 months) and were included in this secondary data analysis. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Rhode Island Hospital (Providence, RI, USA). The main trial [12] was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00200265). A more detailed description of trial methodology can be found in the main trial manuscript [12]. 2.2. Procedures Following a phone screen, interested families attended an orientation, where informed consent (and informed assent for children aged ≥ 8 years) was obtained and families were scheduled for a baseline assessment. Following completion of baseline assessments, participants were randomized to one of three treatment conditions: (1) increased growth monitoring with feedback provided to families [GROWTH]; (2) decrease SFs and sugar sweetened beverages [DECREASE]; or (3) increase FVs and low-fat dairy [INCREASE]. In the GROWTH condition, families had growth assessed at 0, 3 and 6 months and were provided with a letter stating changes in height, weight, BMI, BMI percentile and percent overweight. Families