Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6 Poverty Income Ratio 0 - 0.99 (reference) 1 - 1.99 2 - 3.99 ≥ 4.0 Unknown Table 2. Cont. 2151 35.3 1795 22.6 1344 16.8 25.2 0.506.7(70).*41- 1512 24.4 1.116.6(03.)82- 2232 16.4 1736 16.1 0.303.4(80).*23- 1532 18.9 0.813.1(05.)60- 2425 15.6 1498 7.0 0.103.2(10).*08- 955 10.9 0.408.8(10).*28- 2617 12.1 876 16.6 0.305.5(40).*23- 376 18.9 0.813.2(05.)55- 702 14.4 393 1 Data source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2 For adults, exposure rates are analyzed by considering both work exposure and home exposure based on the NHANES data in 1999-2004. 3 Unweighted 4 For children and adolescents, these numbers reflect the household reference person's status. * Odds ratio is statistically significant at P-value < 0.05. -- Results are not shown for sample sizes of 20 or smaller. Note: All the exposure rates and odds ratios are based on weighted analyses accounting for complex survey design. Table 3. Geometric mean cotinine levels among nonsmokers by sociodemographic characteristics and age group, and multivariate regression coefficients1: U.S., 1999-2006. 1642 0.98 (0.76- 1.27) 0.96 (0.75- 1.22) 0.78 (0.58- 1.05) 0.89 (0.64- 1.25) Characteristic Total Gender Male (reference) Female Race/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic White (reference) Non-Hispanic Black Mexican American Other Hispanic Other Race (including multi- racial) Country of Birth U.S. (reference) Mexico Elsewhere Unknown Sample Size 5167 2606 2561 1395 1648 1705 228 191 4821 228 118 0 Children (3-11) Unadjusted Geometric Mean Cotinine (ng/mL) 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.28 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.07 0.09 -- 0.073 -0.103 -1.461* -0.893* -0.273 -0.571* -0.669* -- Regression Coefficient Sample Size 2 Regression Coefficient Sample Size 2 Regression Coefficient 6222 2997 3225 1505 2045 2263 234 175 5290 662 269 1 Adolescents (12-19) Unadjusted Geometric Mean Cotinine (ng/mL)) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.20 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.09 -- -0.072 0.283* -0.857* -0.372* -0.301* -0.310* -0.293* -- 12612 5348 7264 6399 2253 3023 531 406 9480 1818 1311 3 Adults (20+) Unadjusted Geometric Mean Cotinine (ng/mL) 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.12 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 -- -0.251* 0.486* -0.124* 0.019 0.167 -0.317* -0.200* --