Yap et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:105 http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/105 Page 5 of 8 Figure 4 SEM images of the CNT interconnection bump demonstrated using a flip chip concept. The dimensions of CNT bumps were 100 × 100 μm. (a) Die attached to the carrier at a tilted angle of 75°. (b) Magnified view of two CNT interconnection bumps. (c) CNT from the bottom carrier was observed to be touching the die substrate which is indicative of the connections made. indicates that a CNT interconnection bundle resistance of 1,190 Ω was achieved. The equivalent circuit of the CNT interconnection bundle resistance is represented in Figure 6b, and three major resistance components account for the observed I-V characteristic: metal-to-CNT resistance [RCNT/metal], CNT intrinsic resistance [RCNT], and CNT-to-CNT interface resistance [RCNT/CNT]. Since the CNTs were grown directly on metallization, the type of bonding formed between CNTs and the metal is strong, and RCNT/metal is insignificant and can be neglected [20]. The m.f.p. of MWCNTs is in the order of approximately