154 D. WANG AND P. CLEMENT A combination of Nembutal (Pentobarbitone) suppos- itory and Thalamonal (Droperidol 2.5mg + Fentanyl 50 l.tg/ml) intramuscular injectioned was scheduled for use in children aged from 1 to 4 years. The authors, however, always first tried to use local anesthesia only. Measurements According to the distance from the vomer to the adenoid tissue, the relative size of the adenoid tissue was judged by fiberscopy, which led to classification into three cate- gories: (1) small, (2) moderate, and (3) large (1). The methods for measuring the condition of the eustachian tubal orifice as well as the evaluations of the tym- panogram, the nasal obstruction, and snoring have been described by the authors previously (1-3). RESULTS Endoscopies were performed without complication and completed in 370 of 371 patients. In one infant, 42 days old, it was impossible to introduce the endoscope because of extreme swelling of the nasal mucosa. Figure 1 shows the relative sizes of the adenoid tissue according to our classifications, i.e, small, moderate, and large. There was ahigherincidence oflarge adenoids in the group with continuous nasal obstruction complaints (59.3%) and a distinctly lower incidence in the groups with periodic (22.2%) or no (8%) nasal obstruction complaints (2). A high Figure IB Moderate adenoid. correlation also was observed between size of the adenoid and snoring (p < 0.001) (3) A large adenoid occurred more frequently in the group of patients who snored continuous (65.1%) than in the group of patients who experienced peri- odic snoring (41.5%) and absence of snoring (23.2%). In Figure 2, different nasopharyngeal pathologies are shown in patients who were referred to our clinic with nasal and/or ear complaints. However, a causative factor of adenoid hypertrophy was suspected. Endonasal Figure 1 Size of the adenoid tissue (+: adenoid, "1": nasopharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube, -: torus tubarius). A, small adenoid. Figure IC Large adenoid (adenoid hypertrophy).