6 No Yes No Yes No Depression5 Current or past tobacco use5 Yes No Current tobacco use5 Table 2: Continued. BMI ≤201 Median, range, mean ± SD, or % 76.7 (56) 20.6 (15) 79.4 (58) 25.0 (18) 75.0 (54) 1.4 (1) 98.6 (71) BMI >20 and < 251 Median, range, mean ± SD, or % 78.4 (80) 11.8 (12) 88.2 (90) 31.4 (32) 68.6 (70) 3.9 (4) 96.1 (98) BMI ≥ 251 Median, range, mean ± SD, or % 77.6 (45) 10.3 (6) 89.7 (52) 28.1 (16) 71.9 (41) 3.5 (2) 96.5 (55) a,bMeans with diﬀerent superscripts are signiﬁcantly diﬀerent, P < .05. 1n = 73 for BMI ≤20; n = 102 for BMI > 20 and < 25; n = 58 for BMI ≥ 25. 2 Percentages add up to 100% across a row. Number of participants represented by each percentage is included in brackets (). 3B vitamin supplements included multivitamin/mineral, B vitamins, or single oral supplements of vitamin B12. 4Total food score ranged from 0 to 5 and one point was given for meeting each recommended serving from ﬁve food groups as follows: two or more servings of meat, poultry, or ﬁsh daily, two or more servings of dairy foods daily, four or more servings of green vegetables weekly, three or more servings of orange or yellow vegetables weekly, and three or more servings of fruit daily (16). 5Information obtained from participant or a proxy by self-report. 6Based on laboratory values and deﬁned as hemoglobin <12 g/dL for females or <13 g/dL for males (20). Table 3: Associations of dietary intake patterns with underweight or overweight/obesity in Georgia centenarians. Independent Variable Meat, <2 servings/day Dairy, <2 serving/day Fruit & vegetables, <3 servings/day Orange/yellow vegetables, <4 servings/week Citrus fruit, <1 serving/day Noncitrus fruit, <1 serving/day BMI ≤20a Odds ratio (95% CI) 0.83 (0.40–1.70) 0.93 (0.48–1.78) 0.75 (0.35–1.59) 1.17 (0.56–2.44) 0.77 (0.40–1.50) 0.73 (0.36–1.45) P .608 .819 .450 .684 .445 .362 BMI ≥ 25b Odds ratio (95% CI) 1.17 (0.54–2.53) 1.18 (0.57–2.42) 2.12 (1.04–4.32) 2.27 (1.11–4.65) 2.40 (1.20–4.76) 2.18 (1.09–4.38) a Determined by a series of logistic regression analyses with BMI ≤20 versus BMI ≥20 as the dependent variable, controlled for gender, race, and residence. bDetermined by a series of logistic regression analyses with BMI ≥25 versus BMI <25 as the dependent variable, controlled for gender, race, and residence. centenarians was approximately 25%, which was consid- erably below the prevalence for these conditions in the overall population of older adults, aged 60 and above, in the USA at the time of data collection (∼69%; [22]). In analyses controlled for gender, race, and place of residence, several parameters indicative of a low frequency of fruit and vegetable intake were associated with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25), whereas there were no associations between frequency of intake of meat, dairy, and fruits and vegetables and being underweight (BMI ≤20). Other ﬁndings include strong associations of underweight with anemia and of overweight/obesity with diabetes and high blood pressure, extending knowledge of such associations to the very old. The present research was part of a large, multidisciplinary study across a range of cognitive, mental, physical, and health-associated domains exploring the role of various factors pertinent to the survival and functioning of cente- narians. To decrease testing burden for participants, dietary intake data focused on frequency of intake of speciﬁc food groups selected based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and age-related associations with nutritional deﬁciencies and chronic diseases [16, 17]. Notably, we observed that based on frequency of intake and regardless of BMI classiﬁcation, a large percentage of centenarians were not meeting the dietary guidelines for many food groups, with the exception of green and orange/yellow vegetables. This later ﬁnding is consistent with an apparent preference for sweet potatoes and green vegetables reported for an earlier convenience sampling of Georgia centenarians [23, 24]. Such preferences likely are reﬂective of the traditional diet of the Southeastern USA, rather than longevity-related diﬀerences in dietary patterns, and may not be replicable in other regions and cultures. Our initial analysis indicated a greater intake of meat and total fruits in the underweight centenarians, suggesting that they were eating better than those in the normal weight and Journal of Aging Research P .163 .654 .612 P .685 .660 .039 .025 .013 .028