Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine TC may be an eﬀective form of exercise for improving psychological well-being in older adults. A cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the eﬀects of TC on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the senior population indicated that TC improves quality of life among a random sample of elderly individuals living in Taiwan. In this study, 140 seniors (77 males and 63 females, aged 40–70 years) who regularly practiced TC served as subjects. The SF-36 questionnaire, which used 8 domains to evaluate the subjects’ HRQOL, was administered. The resulting data were compared with those of 560 age- and sex- matched control subjects that were sampled from the general population (308 males and 252 females). Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the quality of life in each of the eight domains between the two groups. The results that showed the TC group had signiﬁcantly higher quality- of-life scores than the control group in each of the eight domains with the exception of the bodily pain scales. Using multiple linear regression adjusted for covariates, the TC group had signiﬁcantly higher scores in physical functioning, physical roles, general health, vitality, and social-functioning scales than the control group. In most of the domains in both the TC group and the control group, quality of life became declined with increased age; however the vitality and social-functioning domain scores of the TC group showed an opposite trend, either improving or remaining unchanged despite increasing age [55]. Hill et al. [56] reported that a 6-month physical activity program of TC leads to signiﬁcant improvements in both physical and psychological health outcomes, including a reduction in symptoms of depression in elderly subjects. Chou et al. [57] reported that a TC practicing group had decreased depressive symptoms compared to control group after a 12-week TC program with elderly subjects. The practice of TC has been shown to improve perception of task- special personal eﬃcacy of older adults [2, 3]. Hartman et al. [58] also reported that a 12-week TC program could enhance self-eﬃcacy, reduce tension and nervousness, and increase social support in older patients with osteoarthritis. A randomized controlled trial randomly allocated 112 healthy older adults aged 59 to 86 years to a TC or a health education group during a 25-week intervention program. Sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), improved signiﬁcantly more in the TC group than in the health education group. This included the sleep parameters of rated sleep quality, habitual sleep eﬃciency, sleep duration, and sleep disturbances [59]. In conclusion, the existing evidence suggests that TC, as a simple, low-cost exercise modality, can attenuate the age decline in physical function and achieve successful antiaging [60]; moreover, TC practice can also eﬀectively improve psychological well-being in older adults, which may in turn improve overall quality of life. 5.5. Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. In addition to providing psychological beneﬁts to healthy individuals, TC has been reported to improve a number of psychological measures in a variety of patient populations. A 12-week TC program for those with borderline hypertension exhibited 5 signiﬁcant improvement in trait anxiety status relative to a sedentary control group. The authors concluded that TC might be an excellent alternative to drug therapy for mildly hypertensive patients [61]. Yeh et al. [62] randomly assigned thirty patients with stable chronic heart failure to receive either standard care (n = 15), which included pharmacologic therapy and dietary and exercise counseling, or 12 weeks of TC training (n = 15) in addition to the standard care. The subjects who were on average 64 (±13) years old received a 1- hour TC class twice a week for 12 weeks. Patients in the TC group showed improved quality-of-life scores accessed with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire compared with patients in the control group. The authors concluded that TC leads to beneﬁts that enhance quality of life and functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure who are already receiving standard medical therapy. Barrow et al. [63] also found similar increase in quality of life, including overall psychological proﬁle, following either a 16-week TC intervention or standard care for patients with heart diseases. Taylor-Piliae [64] concluded that TC training provided both physiological and psychological, cost-eﬀective beneﬁts when used as an adjunct to cardiac rehabilitation exercise program. Finding an easy-to-perform and appropriate activity that patients will continue to practice is critical to therapeutic success. Clinical trials have reported excellent compliance with TC interventions and suggest that TC may promote exercise self-eﬃcacy [40, 65]. Additionally, exercise is a well-documented and eﬀective approach for secondary pre- vention in patients with diagnosed cardiovascular diseases. However, existing studies have consistently documented that conventional cardiac rehabilitation programs are underuti- lized [66]. Therapies such as TC may oﬀer patients addi- tional options, whether as a complement to formal cardiac rehabilitation, as a component of maintenance therapy, or as an alternative to move “traditional” exercise modes such as walking or swimming, which may increase program compliance [67]. 5.6. Patients with Parkinson Disease (PD). TC is an exercise intervention modality supported by the National Parkinson Foundation of the United States and Parkinson Disease Society in Canada [68]. The eﬀectiveness of TC in delaying the negative clinical consequences of PD has been veriﬁed repeatedly [68–70]. Cheon et al. [71] evaluated the eﬀects of TC on Parkinson patients who were nonrandomly assigned to a TC intervention, a combined exercise program, or a sedentary control group. After the 8-week intervention, quality-of- life scores were higher for the TC and combined exercise program group compared to the sedentary controls. Another uncontrolled clinical trial addressed the eﬀect of TC on PD [72]. These authors found that TC had positive eﬀects on depression but no eﬀects on the overall quality of life. A 12-week, 45-minute per week TC exercise intervention program with 8 PD patients and 7 support partners revealed that both groups perceived psychological and social beneﬁts