724 K. Campbell et al. neurotoxic, diarrhetic, and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins found in New Zealand. J AOAC Int. 84(5):1643–1648. Gawley RE, Mao H, Haque M, Thorne JB, Pharr JS. 2007. Visible fluorescence chemosensor for saxitoxin. J Org Chem. 72(6):2187–2191. Gawley RE, Pinet S, Cardona CM, Datta PK, Ren T, Guida WC, Nydick J, Leblanc RM. 2002. Chemosensors for the marine toxin saxitoxin. J Am Chem Soc. 124(45):13448–13453. Genenah AA, Shimizu Y. 1981. Specific toxicity of paralytic shellfish poisons. J Agric Food Chem. 29:1289–1291. Gestwicki JE, Hsieh HV, Pitner JB. 2001. Using receptor conformational change to detect low molecular weight analytes by surface plasmon resonance. Anal Chem. 73:5732–5737. Hall AJ, Emgenbroich M, Sellergren B. 2005. Imprinted polymers. Top Curr Chem. 249:317–349. Henry OYF, Cullen DC, Piletsky SA. 2005. Optical interro- gation of molecularly imprinted polymers and develop- ment of MIP sensors: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem. 382(4):947–956. Huang X, Hsu KH, Chu FS. 1996. Direct competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin. J Agri Food Chem. 44:1029–1035. Jellett JF, Doucette LI, Belland ER. 1998. The MIST (TM) shipable cell bioassay kits for PSP: an alternative to the mouse bioassay. J Shellfish Res. 17(5):1653–1655. Jenison RD, Gill SC, Pardi A, Polisky B. 1994. High resolution molecular discrimination by RNA. Science. 263:1425–1434. Johnston HM, Frey PA, Angelotti R, Campbell JE, Lewis KH. 1964. Haptenic properties of paralytic shellfish poison conjugated to proteins by formaldehyde treatment. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 117:425–430. Karlsson R. 1994. Real-time competitive kinetic analysis of interactions between low molecular weight ligands in solution and surface immobilised receptors. Anal Biochem. 221:142–151. Karlsson R. 2004. SPR for molecular interaction analysis: a review of emerging application areas. J Mol Recognit. 17(3):151–161. Kawatsu K, Hamano Y, Sugiyama A, Hashizume K, NoGuchi T. 2002. Development and application of an enzyme immunoassay based on a monoclonal antibody against gonyautoxin components of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. J Food Protect. 65:1304–1308. Lawrence JF, Niedzwiadek B. 2001. Quantitative determi- nation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chroma- tography with fluorescence detection. J AOAC Int. 84:1099–1108. Lawrence JF, Niedzwiadek B, Menard C. 2004. Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: interlabora- tory study. J AOAC Int. 87:83–100. Lawrence JF, Niedzwiadek B, Menard C. 2005. Quantitative determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish using prechromatographic oxidation and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: collaborative study. J AOAC Int. 88:1714–1732. Laycock MV, Donovan MA, Easy DJ. 2010. Sensitivity of lateral flow tests to mixtures of saxitoxins and applications to shellfish and phytoplankton monitoring. Toxicon. 55:597–605. Llewellyn LE. 2006a. Saxitoxin, a toxic marine natural product that targets a multitude of receptors. Nat Prod Rep. 23:200–222. Llewellyn LE. 2006b. The behaviour of mixtures of paralytic shellfish toxins in competitive binding assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 19:661–667. Llewellyn LE, Doyle J. 2001. Microtitre plate assay for paralytic shellfish toxins using saxiphilin: gauging the effects of shellfish extract matrices, salts and pH upon assay performance. Toxicon. 39:217–224. Lotierzo M, Henry OYF, Piletsky S, Tothill I, Cullen D, Kania M, Hock B, Turner APF. 2004. Surface plasmon resonance sensor for domoic acid based on grafted imprinted polymer. Biosens Bioelectron. 20(2):145–152. Mahony JO, Nolan K, Smyth MR, Mizaikoff B. 2005. Molecularly imprinted polymers – potential and challenges in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta. 534:31–39. Marchesini GR, Hooijerink H, Haasnoot W, Nielen MWF, Buijs J, Campbell K, Elliott CT, Nielen MWF. 2009. Towards surface plasmon resonance biosensing combined with bioaffinity-assisted nano HILIC liquid chromatogra- phy/time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of paralytic shellfish poisons. Trends in Anal Chem. 28(6):792–803. Michalski M. 2007. Paralytic shellfish poisoning as a health risk. Medycyna Weterynaryjna. 63:1530–1533. Micheli L, Di Stefano S, Moscone D, Palleschi G, Marini S, Coletta M, Draisci R, Quadri FD. 2002. Production of antibodies and development of highly sensitive formats of enzyme immunoassay for saxitoxin analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 373:678–684. Minkin VI, Dubonosov AD, Bren VA, Tsukanov AV. 2008. Chemosensors with crown ether-based receptors. ARKIVOC. 4:90–102. Mok W, Li Y. 2008. Recent progress in nucleic acid based biosensors and bioassays. Sensors. 8:7050–7084. Ngundi MM, Kulagina NV, Anderson GP, Taitt CR. 2006. Nonantibody-based recognition: alternative molecules for detection of pathogens. Expert Rev Proteomics. 3(5):511–524. Oshima Y. 1995. Post column derivatization liquid chroma- tography method for paralytic shellfish toxins. J AOAC. Int. 78:528–532. Powell CL, Doucette GJ. 1999. A receptor binding assay for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins: recent advances and applications. Natural Toxins. 7:393–400. Ramstrom O, Skudar K, Haines J, Patel P, Bruggemann O. 2001. Food analyses using molecularly imprinted poly- mers. J Agric Food Chem. 49:2105–2114. Rawn DFK, Niedzwiadek B, Campbell K, Higgins HC, Elliott CT. 2009. Evaluation of surface plasmon resonance relative to high pressure liquid chromatography for the determination of paralytic shellfish toxins. J Agric Food Chem. 57:10022–10031.