Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2009, 28:120 http://www.jeccr.com/content/28/1/120 14. Tao YX, Lei ZM, Hofmann GE, Rao CV: Human intermediate tro- phoblasts express chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hor- mone receptor gene. Biol Reprod 1995, 53(4):899-904. 15. Lei ZM, Reshef E, Rao CV: The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptors in human endometrial and myometrial blood vessels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992, 75:651-659. 16. Zygmunt M, Herr F, Keller-Schoenwetter S, Kunzi-Rapp K, Münstedt K, Rao CV, Lang U, Preissner KT: Characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin as a novel angiogenic factor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87(11):5290-5296. 17. Rodway MR, Rao CV: A novel perspective on the role of human chorionic gonadotropin during pregnancy and in gestational trophoblastic disease. Early Pregnancy 1995, 1(3):176-187. 18. Neulen J, Yan Z, Raczek S, Weindel K, Keck C, Weich HA, Marmé D, Breckwoldt M: Human chorionic gonadotropin-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor in human granulosa cells: importance in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995, 80(6):1967-1971. 19. Laitinen M, Ristimaki A, Honkasalo M, Narko K, Paavonen K, Ritvos O: Differential hormonal regulation of vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF, VEGF-B and VEGF-C messenger ribo- nucleic acid levels in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells. Endocrinology 1997, 138(11):4748-4756. 20. Bosl GJ, Lange PH, Nochomovitz LE, Goldmann A, Fraley EE, Rosai J, Johnson K, Kennedy BJ: Tumor markers in advanced nonsemi- nomatous testicular cancer. Cancer 1981, 47(3):572-576. 21. Spiess PE, Brown GA, Liu P, Tannir NM, Tu SM, Evans JG, Czerniak B, Kamat AM, Pisters LL: Predictors of outcome in patients undergoing postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. Cancer 2006, 107(7):1483-1490. 22. Stephenson AJ, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ, Kattan MW, Stasi J, Bajorin DF, Sheinfeld J: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for non- seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer: impact of patient selection factors on outcome. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(12):2781-2788. 23. Sirohi B, Huddart R: The management of poor-prognosis, non- seminomatous germ-cell tumours. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005, 17(7):543-552. 24. Herr F, Baal N, Reisinger K, Lorenz A, McKinnon T, Preissner KT, Zygmunt M: HCG-B in the regulation of placental angiogen- esis: results of an in vitro study. Placenta 2007, 28(Suppl A):S85-S93. 25. Zygmunt M, Herr F, Mûnsted K, Lang U, Liang OD: Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2003, 110:S10-S18. 26. Blood CH, Zetter BR: Tumor interactions with the vasculature: angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990, 1032(1):89-118. 27. Robertson D, Selleck K, Suikkari AM, Hurley V, Moohan J, Healy D: Urinary vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in women undergoing gonadotrophin treatment. Hum Reprod 1995, 10(9):2478-2482. 28. Krasnow JS, Berga SL, Guzick DS, Zeleznik AJ, Yeo KT: Vascular permeability factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a preliminary report. Fertil Steril 1996, 65(3):552-555. 29. Berndt S, Perrier d'Hauterive S, Blacher S, Péqueux C, Lorquet S, Munaut C, Applanat M, Hervé MA, Lamandé N, Corvol P, Brûle F van den, Frankenne F, Poutanen M, Huhtaniemi I, Geenen V, Noël A, Foidart JM: Angiogenic activity of human chorionic gonado- tropin through LH receptor activation on endothelial and epithelial cells of the endometrium. FASEB J 2006, 20(14):E2189-E2198. 30. Michel RM, Aguilar JL, Arrieta O: Human chorionic gonadotropin as an angiogenic factor in breast cancer during pregnancy. Med Hypotheses 2007, 68(5):1035-1040. 31. Folkman J: Tumour angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 1971, 285(21):82-86. 32. Fox SB, Gatter KC, Harris AL: Tumour angiogenesis. J Pathol 1996, 179(3):232-237. 33. Puglisi F, Scalone S, DiLauro V: Angiogenesis and tumor growth. N Engl J Med 1996, 334(14):921. 34. Collin O, Bergh A: Leydig cells secrete factors which increase vascular permeability and endothelial cell proliferation. Int J Androl 1996, 19(4):221-228. 35. Rudolfsson SH, Wikstrom P, Jonsson A, Collin O, Bergh A: Hormo- nal regulation and functional role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat testis. Biol Reprod 2004, 70(2):340-347. 36. Schwarzenbach H, Chakrabarti G, Paust HJ, Mukhopadhyay AK: Gonadotropin-mediated regulation of the murine VEGF expression in MA-10 Leydig cells. J Androl 2004, 25(1):128-139. 37. Jones A, Fujiyama C, Turner K, Fuggle S, Cranston D, Turley H, Val- tola R, Bicknell R, Harris AL: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogen- esis in stage 1 germ cell tumours of the testis. BJU Int 2000, 86(1):80-86. 38. Wulff C, Wilson H, Largue P, Duncan WC, Armstrong DG, Fraser HM: Angiogenesis in the human corpus luteum: localization and changes in angiopoietins, tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000, 85:4302-4309. 39. Haggstrom Rudolfsson S, Johansson A, Franck Lissbrant I, Wikstrom P, Bergh A: Localized expression of angiopoietin 1 and 2 may explain unique characteristics of the rat testicular microvas- culature. Biol Reprod 2004, 69:1231-1237. 40. Aigner A, Brachmann P, Beyer J, Jäger R, Raulais D, Vigny M, Neu- bauer A, Heidenreich A, Weinknecht S, Czubayko F, Zugmaier G: Marked increase of the growth factors pleiotrophin and fibroblast growth factor-2 in serum of testicular cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2003, 14(10):1525-1529. 41. Reisinger K, Baal N, McKinnon T, Mûnsteed K, Zygmunt M: The gonadotropins: tissue-specific angiogenic factors? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007, 269(1–2):65-80. Publish with Bio Med Central and every scientist can read your work free of charge "BioMed Central will be the most significant development for disseminating the results of biomedical research in our lifetime." Sir Paul Nurse, Cancer Research UK Your research papers will be: available free of charge to the entire biomedical community peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance cited in PubMed and archived on PubMed Central yours — you keep the copyright Submit your manuscript here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp BioMedcentral Page 7 of 7 (page number not for citation purposes)