Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8 419 Table 1. Cont. United States Mod. High Socioeconomic Status United Kingdom b All Low Mod. High Variables Low Canada Mod. High All Low Between Waves among Continuing Smokers Introduce smoke-free 4.7 5.9 10.7 7.1 7.7 8.4 4.9 7.3 9.6 10.8 13.8 11.1 9.7 8.9 13.3 10.0 Retain smoke-free 13.5 23.4 36.2 25.7 15.5 23.3 35.6 25.1 6.2 16.4 20.2 14.6 27.8 40.1 42.5 37.8 Retain smoking 75.4 66.1 47.8 62.1 71.1 63.8 54.9 62.9 78.1 66.2 62.8 68.6 55.6 46.5 38.8 46.9 Remove smoke-free 6.4 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.7 4.5 4.6 4.7 6.1 6.6 3.2 5.7 6.9 4.5 5.4 5.3 n 171 563 318 1,052* 194 514 164 972 * 260 518 218 996 * 259 628 240 1,127 * a Percentages are based on weighted data. b A national policy prohibiting smoking in all worksites, restaurants, and bars was implemented between Waves 5 and 6 in three of the four countries that comprise the United Kingdom. The fourth country, Scotland, implemented such a policy prior to Wave 5. * Statistically significant variation across groups (χ2, p < 0.05). Table 2. Predictors of presence, introduction, and removal of smoke-free policies among smokers, binary logistic regression. All Low Australia Mod. High All Predictors Socioeconomic Status Low Moderate High Age (years) 18–24 25–39 40–54 55+ Presencea (n = 5,991) Homes Introduction b (n = 2,634) Removal c (n = 1,216) Odds Ratio [95% Confidence Interval] Bars Restaurant Presence a Introduction b Presence a Introduction b (n = 5,991) (n = 1,926) (n = 5,991) (n = 1,244) Worksites d Presence a Introduction b (n = 3,807) (n = 344) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.31 [1.10–1.55] 1.06 [0.77–1.46] 0.52 [0.34–0.80] 0.93 [0.77–1.10] 1.14 [0.81–1.60] 1.18 [0.97–1.44] 0.94 [0.61–1.45] 1.38 [1.06–1.82] 0.48 [0.22–1.03] 1.54 [1.27–2.87] 1.49 [1.04–2.13] 0.44 [0.26–0.73] 0.93 [0.75–1.14] 1.06 [0.71–1.57] 1.21 [0.96–1.54] 0.98 [0.59–1.63] 2.23 [1.63–3.04] 0.55 [0.23–1.34] 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 [0.81–1.30] 0.65 [0.40–1.07] 0.37 [0.20–0.69] 1.15 [0.87–1.52] 0.73 [0.41–1.31] 1.28 [0.94–1.74] 0.82 [0.38–1.78] 1.00 [0.70–1.43] 2.16 [0.75–6.23] 0.69 [0.55–0.87] 0.45 [0.28–0.73] 0.65 [0.36–1.15] 1.31 [1.00–1.71] 0.72 [0.42–1.26] 1.55 [1.15–2.10] 0.81 [0.39–1.69] 1.20 [0.85–1.69] 1.47 [0.54–3.99] 0.69 [0.53–0.89] 0.43 [0.26–0.73] 0.59 [0.31–1.13] 1.43 [1.06–1.91] 0.56 [0.31–1.02] 1.63 [1.18–2.26] 0.73 [0.34–1.60] 0.98 [0.66–1.47] 1.08 [0.34–3.40]