Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 127 SOURCE Stack 1988 [29] COUNTRY USA Table 1. Cont. ARTICLE TYPE Research OUTCOME MEASURE Suicides USA Research Suicides Kessler et al. 1989 [30] Stack 1990 [31] Stack 1990 [32] Stack 1990 [33] Ishii 1991 [34] Etzersdorfer et al. 1992 [35] Stack 1992 [36] Stack 1993 [37] Sonneck et al. 1994 [38] Jobes et al. 1996 [40] Hassan 1995 [39] Australia USA USA USA Japan Austria USA USA USA Austria Research Research Research Research Suicides in elderly Research Suicides Research Suicides Research Research Research Suicides Subway suicides and suicide attempts Suicides Research Suicides Subway suicides and suicide attempts Suicides Suicides and suicide crisis calls MAIN FINDINGS Publicized suicide stories during the World War I decade had no impact on suicide; peacetime suicide stories, in contrast, had significant impact No reliable association between network news stories and suicide among adults, but significant association among teenagers existed for a specific time period Months with publicized suicide stories were found to have additional elderly suicides (both male and female) Stories with a victim with marital problem, such as divorce, are significantly associated with increases in suicide rates Suicides of non-celebrities were associated with increase in national suicide rate, although the association was weaker than for celebrity suicide stories Mass media has a strong increasing effect on suicides After changing the quality of media reporting the number of suicides and suicide attempts in subway decreased Publicized stories concerning political leaders' suicides were associated with subsequent suicides, for others there is little supporting evidence Media coverage of suicide stories influences suicides independent of economic conditions Subway suicides and suicide attempts increased after dramatic media reporting, but decreased markedly after implementation of media guidelines Suicide rates increased significantly after the publication of suicide stories in media After celebrity suicide the expected Werther effect did not appear, but suicide crisis calls increased significantly