Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 1371 received monthly newsletters on healthy eating and leisure-time behaviors for parents which included activities for children. Both the INCREASE and DECREASE condition combined GROWTH with an 8-session (45 minutes per session) parent-only program that used parenting and behavior modification techniques to change eating behaviors that influence energy balance. Families in the INCREASE condition were encouraged to consume 2 servings/day of whole fruit, 3 servings/day of vegetables and 2 servings/day of low-fat dairy products. The DECREASE condition encouraged families to consume ≤3 servings/week of low-nutrient-dense, high-energy-dense SFs (i.e., candies, cookies, cakes, ice cream, chips, nuts) and ≤3 servings/week of sugar sweetened beverages. 2.3. Measures Dependent measures were collected in a primary care or medical-school research setting by a trained researcher blinded to treatment assignment at 0 and 6 months. Demographics. Child demographic data (i.e., race [American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, African American, Pacific Islander, White or other], ethnicity [Hispanic or Latino, not Hispanic or Latino], sex, age) were collected by a self-reported questionnaire completed by the parent. Anthropometrics. Height and weight was measured using standard procedures [13]. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 pounds using an electronic scale (Healthometer Professional, Sunbeam Products Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA) and height was measured, without shoes to the nearest 0.125 inches using a wall-mounted stadiometer (SECA, ITIN Scale Company, Brooklyn, NY, USA). BMI was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meter squared (kg/m2). BMI z-score was calculated by standardizing the BMI value in relation to the population mean and standard deviation for children’s age and sex [14]. Overweight (≥85th to <95th percentile for BMI) and obese (≥95th percentile for BMI) status was determined by plotting children’s BMI-for-age on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s BMI percentile charts [14]. Dietary Intake. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day food records (2 weekdays, 1 weekend day). Families were given an example food record with written and verbal directions about how to complete 3-day food records along with 2-dimensional food models to assist in estimating portion size. Due to the limited cognitive ability to self-report food intake parents reported intake for children under the age of 8 years [15]. The majority of food records were completed by the parent and parents assisted older children who were able to write in the food records. If a child was under the supervision of another adult, that adult was asked to complete the food record. Diaries were reviewed by a trained researcher for completion, which included confirming with parents that when the child was under the supervision of another adult, that the adult supervising the child wrote down anything that the child ate or drank and reported it to the parent. Dietary data was analyzed using the Nutrition Data System Software for Research (NDS-R) developed by the Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Only foods eaten in at least 0.125 servings were counted. Dependent variables included FV servings/day (servings/day of fruits + servings/day of vegetables), SF servings/day and energy intake. FV servings/day was the sum of all servings related to the NDS-R codes for whole low-energy-dense fruits (citrus fruit; fruit excluding citrus; avocado and similar) and whole low-energy-dense vegetables (dark-green vegetables; deep-yellow vegetables; tomato; white potatoes; other starchy vegetables; other vegetables), excluding all fruit juice, vegetable juice, fried fruits and