Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 1373 Table 1. Baseline characteristics of children by treatment condition. (N = 80). GROWTH INCREASE DECREASE p-values N = 26 N = 27 N = 27 Age, years (mean ± SD) 6.9 ± 1.8 7.6 ± 1.6 7.3 ± 1.5 p = 0.33 Sex (% female) 61.5% 63.0% 63.0% p = 0.99 Race (%) p = 0.52 American Indian or Alaskan Native - - - Asian - 3.7% 3.7% African American 3.8% 7.4% 14.8% Pacific Islander - - - White 88.5% 88.9% 77.8% Other race - - - Two or more races 7.7% - 3.7% Ethnicity (%) Hispanic or Latino 26.9% 11.1% 14.8% p = 0.29 Education Level of Parent (%) p = 0.20 High School (10–12 years) 0.0% 18.5% 7.4% Vocational Training (beyond high school) 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% Attended Some College 96.2% 77.8% 89% z-BMI 2.50 ± 0.89 2.31 ± 0.52 2.11 ± 0.45 p = 0.10 BMI percentile (%) 96.4 ± 1.9 96.3 ± 1.7 95.8 ± 2.4 p = 0.48 Kilocalories 1,669 ± 464 1,644 ± 397 1,728 ± 517 p = 0.79 SF servings/day 2.1 ± 1.7 2.0 ± 1.4 2.0 ± 1.5 P = 0.99 FV servings/day 1.0 ± 0.9 0.9 ± 1.0 0.7 ± 0.7 p = 0.37 SD = standard deviation; z-BMI = body mass index z-score; BMI = body mass index; SF = energy dense snack food; FV = fruit and vegetable. During the intervention period, 55.6% and 40.7% of the parents attended all sessions in INCREASE and DECREASE, respectively. With treatment condition controlled, FV consumption had a significant main effect of time with consumption increasing from 0 to 6 months (2.0 ± 1.3 servings/day vs. 2.8 ± 2.3 servings/day, p = 0.03) while SF consumption decreased over time from 0 to 6 months with a trend for significance (2.1 ± 1.5 servings/day vs. 1.4 ± 1.3 servings/day, p = 0.09). Total energy intake decreased from 0 to 6 months (1,681 ± 458 kcals vs. 1,511 ± 419 kcals, p = 0.39), but the reduction was not significant. Change in FV intake from 0 to 6 months was not significantly related to change in SF intake from 0 to 6 months (β = 0.03, p = 0.73). As anticipated, baseline values of SF intake were significantly (p < 0.001) related to changes in SF intake in the expected direction (i.e., a higher baseline value (positive value) was related to a greater reduction (negative value)). See Table 2 for the full block linear regression. Change in SF servings/day from 0 to 6 months was significantly (β = 0.63, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.617, p < 0.001; ∆R2 = 0.205, p < 0.001) related to change in energy intake from 0 to 6 months, while change in FV servings/day was not (β = 0.10, p = 0.23). As anticipated, baseline values of energy intake were significantly (p < 0.001) related to changes in energy intake in the expected direction (i.e., a higher baseline value (positive value) was related to a greater reduction (negative