Hum Nat (2011) 22:225–246 229 Meanwhile, by contrast to the AAA, many other professional institutions and academic researchers quickly found Tierney’s book to contain so many falsehoods as to itself represent a scandal. These included the National Academy of Sciences (Alberts 2000), the American Society of Human Genetics (2002), the International Genetic Epidemiology Society (Baur et al. 2001), the Society for Visual Anthropology (2000), and the Provost’s Office of the University of Michigan (Cantor 2000). These groups recognized that whistle-blower protection applies only to those who whistle the truth. But the AAA did not join suit in defending its field’s researchers against Tierney’s fundamentally false accusations, and instead used Tierney’s book as the justification and the template for a major inquiry into the behaviors of Neel and Chagnon. The AAA Board may have thought they put the matter to bed in 2002 when they accepted the Task Force’s Final Report (AAA 2002b). But in 2003, the voting AAA membership passed a referendum condemning misrepresentations of the 1968 epidemic, implicitly criticizing Tierney, Turner, and Sponsel, and explicitly criticizing the Task Force for “fail[ing] to properly recognize that the [false] charges that initiated their investigation are themselves dangerous” (AAA 2003). The referendum had been drafted by anthropologists Tom Gregor and Dan Gross and passed by a ratio of 11 to 1. (Approximately 14.5% of those eligible to vote did so [Kimberley Baker, AAA Section & Governance Coordinator, to Alice Dreger, personal email communication, January 4, 2011].) Then in 2005, following a scathing analysis they published in American Anthropologist (Gregor and Gross 2004), Gregor and Gross put forth a second referendum calling for complete rescission of the acceptance of the Task Force Final Report (AAA 2005). The rescission referendum passed by a ratio of about 2.5 to 1. (Approximately 11% of those eligible to vote did so [Baker to Dreger, personal email communication, January 4, 2011].) The AAA leadership thus seems to have been out of step not only with all other institutions involved, but with its own active membership. More Examples of Tierney’s Illusions I have already noted how many other scholars have documented key falsehoods in Tierney’s work, and there is no gain in (nor space for) my reiterating their work point by point. But I do want to provide a few more telling examples of Tierney’s falsehoods not previously documented. These falsehoods are important to expose in and of themselves, but in exposing them, I also want to impress upon the reader how it appears that any and all independent scholars coming upon this work find more and more evidentiary holes. It is rather like shooting fish in a barrel. The ease of this fish-shooting in turn raises the question of why The New Yorker, which published an advance article by Tierney, and W.W. Norton, which published the book, did not do their homework in terms of fact- checking. It also raises the question of why the AAA kept using Tierney’s book as a roadmap rather than stopping to ask who this mapmaker was and where he got his information.