Sample No. May 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sept/Oct 2009 11 12 13 14 15 Average Total CFU g−1 of excretum 15.2 ×106 4.3 ×106 30.6 ×106 9.5 ×106 11.4 ×106 4.4 ×104 7.8 ×106 1.2 ×105 3.2 ×106 22.1 ×106 6.5 ×105 4.0 ×106 44.0 ×106 1.3 ×105 4.2 ×106 10.5 ×106 Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7 3230 Table 1. Composition of microfungal CFU recovered from Litoria caerulea excrement. Penicillium Paecilomyces Aspergillus Cladosporium Other f/fungi Yeasts and incl. asporous yeast-like Percentage of total 1.1 2.3 46.3 3.9 9.9 3.2 20.3 1.0 6.5 4.2 6.6 97.7 9.3 3.3 4.2 7.6 3.9 45.1 9.8 6.6 4.4 0.6 2.2 0.2 24.0 5.0 0.5 3.8 8.2 2.8 98.9 0.0 100.0 20.4 96.1 81.2 100.0 53.8 84.8 100.0 79.7 95.2 100.0 75.4 91.6 78.5 3.4. Yeasts Recovered from Skin Swabs The skin swabs from all 10 specimens of L. caerulea tested positive for yeasts. The estimated CFU per cm2 of dorsal skin, based on the CFU recovered from the decimal dilution series made from the 10 swab samples collected in May 2010 are shown in Table 2. The 10 yeast isolates sub-cultured from colonies recovered from the skin swabs were identified as 3 Trichosporon asahii, 3 Trichosporon spp., 1 Rhodotorula sp., 1 Aureobasidium pullulans, 1 Candida sp. and 1 unknown species. It was notable that the yeast populations recovered from several of the frogs showed a dominance of one species and the dominant species varied from frog to frog. Table 2. Yeast CFU recovered from Litoria caerulea skin swabs. Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Average Yeast CFU per cm2 of skin 956 211 617 228 978 133 300 2,167 639 1,333 623 4. Discussion The large green tree frog L. caerulea is endemic across the northern half of Australia and parts of Papua New Guinea [8,9]. In its natural habitat this nocturnal, arboreal species hides during the day in hollow tree limbs, in dense foliage, and in similar protected places. It also has an affinity for human dwellings and other man-made structures including roofed water storage reservoirs as daytime hiding