Kundi Table 1. Overview of results [odds ratios or standardized incidence ratios (95% CIs)] from epidemiologic studies of mobile phone use and brain tumors. Cohort size Average duration Results for longer Result for Study Type (no. of cases and controls) of MP use (years) Overall results duration of MP use ipsilateral MP use Dreyer et al. 1999 Cohort 133,423 Hand-held MP ~ 2 2 Brain tumor deaths — — 152,138 Portable bag 4 Brain tumor deaths Hardell et al. 1999 Case–control 209 Brain tumor cases ~ 6 0.98 (0.69–1.41) > 10 years, 1.20 (0.56–2.59) 2.42 (0.97–6.05) Hardell et al. 2000 Hardell et al. 2001 425 Controls 2.62 (1.02–6.71) (multiv) Muscat et al. 2000 Case–control 469 Malignant brain tumor ~ 3 0.85 (0.6–1.2) ≥ 4 years, 0.7 (0.3–1.4) 2.01 (0.92–5.89) cases 422 Controls Inskip et al. 2001 Case–control 489 Glioma ~ 3 1.0 (0.7–1.4) ≥ 5 years, 0.6 (0.3–1.4) 0.86 (0.65–1.35) (overall) 197 Meningioma 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.9 (0.3–2.7) 96 Acoustic neuroma 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 1.9 (0.6–5.9) 799 Controls Johansen et al. 2001 Retrospective cohort 420,095 Subscribers 2001, ~ 3 1.0 (0.8–1.1) ≥ 3 years, 1.2 (0.6–2.3) — Schüz et al. 2006b 2006, ~ 8 1.0 (0.9–1.1) ≥ 10 years, 0.66 (0.44–0.95) Auvinen et al. 2002 Case–control 398 Brain tumor cases Analog, ~ 2.5 1.6 (1.1–2.3) > 2 years, 1.6 (0.9–2.8) — 1,986 Controls Digital, ~ 1 0.9 (0.5–1.5) 0.6 (0.1–4.5) Muscat et al. 2002 Case–control 90 Acoustic neuroma ~ 3 0.68 (0.34–1.38) ≥ 3 years, 1.7 (0.5–5.1) 0.55 (0.50–1.05) 86 Controls Hardell et al. 2002a Case–control 1,303 Brain tumor cases Analog, ~ 7 1.3 (1.02–1.6) > 10 years, 1.8 (1.1–2.9) 1.8 (1.3–2.5) Digital, ~ 4, 1.0 (0.8–1.2) — 1.3 (0.99–1.8) Cordless, ~ 6 1.0 (0.8–1.2) 2.0 (0.5–8.0) 1.3 (1.01–1.8) 611 Meningioma Analog, ~ 7 1.1 (0.7–1.5) > 10 years, 1.0 (0.1–16.0) — Digital, ~ 4 0.8 (0.6–1.03) — Cordless, ~ 6 0.9 (0.6–1.1) — 159 Acoustic neuroma Analog, ~ 7 3.5 (1.8–6.8) > 10 years, 3.5 (0.7–16.8) — Digital, ~ 4 1.2 (0.7–2.2) — 1,303 Controls Cordless, ~ 6 1.0 (0.6–1.7) 2.0 (0.2–22.0) Hardell et al. 2002ba Case–control 588 Malignant brain tumor Analog, ~ 7 1.13 (0.82–1.57) > 6 years, 1.17 (0.75–1.81) 1.80 (0.96–3.38) > 6 years cases Digital, ~ 4 1.13 (0.86–1.48) 1.71 (0.67–4.34) 2.29 (0.59–8.93) 581 Controls Cordless, ~ 5 1.13 (0.85–1.50) 1.56 (0.92–2.63) 1.16 (0.55–2.46) Christensen et al. 2004 Case–control 106 Acoustic neuroma ~ 4 0.90 (0.51–1.57) ≥ 10 years, 0.22 (0.04–1.11) 0.68 (0.58–0.90) 212 Controls Lönn et al. 2004a Case–control 148 Acoustic neuroma ~ 5 1.0 (0.6–1.5) ≥ 10 years, 1.9 (0.9–4.1) 3.9 (1.6–9.5) ≥ 10 years 604 Controls Christensen et al. 2005 Case–control 175 Meningioma ~ 5 0.83 (0.54–1.28) ≥ 10 years, 1.02 (0.32–3.24) 81 Glioma I-II 1.08 (0.58–2.00) 1.64 (0.44–6.12) 171 Glioma III-IV 0.58 (0.37–0.90) 0.48 (0.19–1.26) 822 Controls Hardell et al. 2006a Case–control 317 Malignant brain tumor Analog, ~ 10 2.6 (1.5–4.3) > 10 years, 3.5 (2.0–6.4) 3.1 (1.6–6.2) cases Digital, ~ 6 1.9 (1.3–2.7) 3.6 (1.7–7.5) 2.6 (1.6–4.1) 692 Controls Cordless, ~ 6 2.1 (1.4–3.0) 2.9 (1.6–5.2) 2.9 (1.8–4.7) Hardell et al. 2005a Case–control 305 Meningioma Analog, ~ 9 1.7 (0.97–3.0) > 10 years, 2.1 (1.1–4.3) 1.6 (0.7–3.9) Digital, ~ 5 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 1.5 (0.6–3.9) 1.5 (0.9–2.5) Cordless, ~ 5 1.3 (0.9–1.9) 1.9 (0.97–3.6) 1.6 (0.97–2.6) 84 Acoustic neuroma Analog, ~ 9 4.2 (1.8–10) > 10 years, 2.6 (0.9–8) 5.1 (1.9–14) Digital, ~ 5 2.0 (1.05–2.8) 0.8 (0.1–6.7) 2.9 (1.4–6.1) 692 Controls Cordless, ~ 5 1.5 (0.8–2.9) 0.3 (0.03–2.2) 2.4 (1.1–5.1) Lönn et al. 2005 Case–control 371 Glioma Analog, ~ 9 0.8 (0.5–1.2) ≥ 10 years, 0.8 (0.5–1.5) 1.6 (0.8–3.4) ≥ 10 years Digital, ~ 3 0.8 (0.6–1.0) ≥ 5 years, 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 273 Meningioma Analog, ~ 9 0.7 (0.4–1.3) ≥ 10 years, 0.9 (0.5–2.0) 1.3 (0.5–3.9) ≥ 10 years 674 Controls Digital, ~ 3 0.6 (0.5–0.9) ≥ 5 years, 0.8 (0.5–1.2) Schoemaker et al. 2005b Case–control 678 Acoustic neuroma Analog, ~ 8 0.9 (0.7–1.2) ≥ 10 years, 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 1.8 (1.1–3.1) ≥ 10 years 3,553 Controls Digital, ~ 4 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 0.7 (0.2–3.5) Hepworth et al. 2006 Case–control 966 Glioma ~ 5 0.94 (0.78–1.13) ≥ 10 years, 1.14 (0.74–1.73) 1.24 (1.02–1.52) 1,716 Controls Schüz et al. 2006a Case–control 366 Glioma ~ 4 0.98 (0.74–1.29) ≥ 10 years, 2.20 (0.94–5.11) 381 Meningioma 0.84 (0.62–1.13) 1.09 (0.35–3.37) 1,494 Controls Klaeboe et al. 2007 Case–control 289 Glioma ~ 4 0.6 (0.4–0.9) ≥ 6 years, 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 1.2 (0.7–1.2) ≥ 6 years 207 Meningioma 0.8 (0.5–1.1) 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 1.4 (0.7–2.9) 45 Acoustic neuroma 0.5 (0.2–1.0) 0.5 (0.2–1.5) 0.7 (0.2–2.5) 358 Controls Takebayashi et al. 2006 Case–control 101 Acoustic neuroma ~ 4 0.73 (0.43–1.23) ≥ 8 years, 0.79 (0.24–2.65) 0.90 (0.50–1.62) 339 Controls Lahkola et al. 2007c Case–control 1,521 Glioma ~ 6 0.78 (0.68–0.91) ≥ 10 years, 0.95 (0.74–1.23) 1.39 (1.01–1.92) ≥ 10 years 3,301 Controls Schlehofer et al. 2007 Case–control 97 Acoustic neuroma ~ 4 0.67 (0.38–1.19) 194 Controls Hours et al. 2007 Case–control 96 Glioma 1.15 (0.65–2.05) > 4 years, 1.96 (0.74–5.20) 96 Controls 109 Acoustic neuroma 0.92 (0.53–1.59) > 4 years, 0.66 (0.28–1.57) 214 Controls Takebayashi et al. 2008 Case–control 88 Glioma ~ 4 1.22 (0.63–2.37) > 6.5 years, 0.60 (0.20–1.78) 1.24 (0.67–2.29) 132 Meningioma 0.70 (0.42–1.16) > 5.2 years, 1.05 (0.52–2.11) 1.14 (0.65–2.01) 392 Controls Lahkola et al. 2008d Case–control 1,209 Meningioma 5.5 0.76 (0.65–0.89) ≥ 10 years, 0.85 (0.57–1.26) 0.99 (0.57–1.73) ≥ 10 years 3,299 Controls Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MP, mobile phone; multiv, multivariate. aData are a subset from Hardell et al. (2002a). bIncludes data from Christensen et al. (2004) and Lönn et al. (2004a). cIncludes data from Lönn et al. (2005), Christensen et al. (2005), Hepworth et al. (2006), and Klaeboe et al. (2007). dIncludes data from Lönn et al. (2005), Christensen et al. (2005), and Klaeboe et al. (2007). 318 117 | number 3 | March 2009 • Environmental Health Perspectives ovlume