AIDS Research and Treatment Table 3: (a) TB treatment outcomes according to baseline CD4 category in patients initiating ART following TB treatment in the Kericho District Hospital Integrated TB/HIV clinic (n = 684). (b) TB treatment outcomes according to time of ART initiation in patients in the Kericho District Hospital Integrated TB/HIV Clinic (n = 870). Notes: (1) Data presented as number (percentage for row total). Data missing: 10.5% for combination of CD4 distributions and TB treatment outcome. (2) Treatment Success deﬁned as cure or treatment complete. CD4 distributions (cells/mm3) <50 50–99 100–199 200–349 ≥350 Time of ART ART Prior to TB Treatment ART Following TB Treatment <2 weeks 2 weeks–<2 months 2–6 months >6 months Treatment success 116 (66.3) 101 (68.7) 163 (77.3) 53 (86.9) 16 (88.9) Treatment success 122 (75.3) 39 (65.0) 227 (66.8) 143 (81.7) 49 (92.5) (a) (b) 18 (10.3) 21 (14.3) 18 (8.5) 4 (6.6) 1 (5.6) 12 (7.4) 5 (8.3) 50 (14.7) 7 (4.0) 1 (1.6) TB treatment outcome Transferred out Lost to followup Tb Treatment Outcome Transferred out Lost to followup 22 (12.8) 16 (10.9) 27 (12.8) 3 (4.9) 1 (5.6) 14 (8.6) 10 (16.7) 45 (13.2) 15 (8.6) 2 (3.8) Died 19 (10.7) 9 (6.1) 3 (1.4) 1 (3.1) 0 (0) Died 14 (8.6) 6 (10.0) 18 (5.3) 10 (5.7) 1 (1.9) 5 Row totals 175 (28.6) 147 (24.0) 211 (34.5) 61 (10.0) 18 (2.9) Row totals 162 (20.5) 60 (7.6) 340 (43.0) 175 (22.2) 53 (6.7) Notes: (1) Data presented as number (percentage of row total). Data missing: 10.1% for combination of time of ART and TB treatment outcome. (2) Treatment success deﬁned as cure or treatment complete. 80 70 60 50 )40 % ( 30 20 10 0 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Figure 2: Overall treatment success by year in the Kericho District Hospital TB/HIV Clinic. Note: treatment success deﬁned as propor- tion with cure or treatment complete. survived the ﬁrst two months of TB treatment to initiate ART, treatment success rose to 81.7–92.5%, clearly above the WHO target guidelines. 3.3. Baseline Characteristics, Clinic Year, and Treatment Success. Exploratory analyses were conducted in an eﬀort to understand the relationship between baseline characteristics (age, gender, CD4+ T-cell count, and time until ART initiation), clinic year, and treatment success (cure or treat- ment complete versus death or loss to followup) (Table 4). Individually, CD4+ T-cell count, time until ART initiation, and clinic year were predictive of treatment success. TB/HIV coinfected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts greater than or equal to 50 or 200 cells/mm3 were 2.0 to 3.5 times more likely to achieve treatment success (OR = 2.0 95% CI = 1.3–3.1 and OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.4–8.9, resp.) compared to patients whose CD4+ T-cell counts were less than 50 or 200 cells/mm3. Similarly, patients initiating ART after 2 weeks or 2 months were twice as likely to achieve treatment success (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.5 and OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3–3.3, resp.). Yearly, the odds of participants having treatment success improved by approximately 20% (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0– 1.5). In multivariate analysis, CD4 category, time until ART, and clinic year remained signiﬁcant. 4. Discussion Our experience demonstrates that integrated TB/HIV care is feasible at a rural, public MoH hospital in Kenya. Our integrated clinic, staﬀed primarily by clinical oﬃcers and nurses with backup assistance by medical oﬃcers and consultants, successfully administered TB and ART care with acceptable TB treatment success frequencies that improved over time. Overall mortality was low in the TB/HIV clinic for both adult and pediatric patients. However, lost-to-followup frequencies were high and occurred early in care, particularly in those presenting with advanced HIV. Many of these patients lost to followup likely account for additional deaths. Our data suggest that achieving Kenyan national TB targets