Uveitis and JIA From our present study observations, it can be concluded lens implantation is to be considered and can result in good that rigorous and very frequent ophthalmic exams for JIA restoration of vision (BenEzra and Cohen 2000; Khotaniemi children are not obligatory if during the ﬁrst ophthalmic and Penttila 2006). examination ocular inﬂammatory signs are not detected. Furthermore, from our experience, a rigorous time frame for “regular” follow up visits for these children as suggested (Rosenberg and Oen 1986) seems unnecessary and, in our opinion, may be counterproductive for the following reasons: (a) uveitis may be detected during the ophthalmic examina- tion only if the inﬂammatory signs are already present, (b) there are no “predictive signs” for the potential development of intraocular inﬂammation in these children, and (c) an intraocular inﬂammation may develop 24 or 48 hours after the “regular” periodic visit. In these cases, parents may be reluctant to seek again ophthalmic consultation (even if they suspect a problem) until serious complications develop. Therefore, education of the parents about the ocular disease, its potential evident signs and symptoms should be the main line of conduct for follow up instead of regular frequent ophthalmic visits. A drop of vision affecting the child’s daily behavior can be noticed by parents. Also, parents can be taught to perform a visual acuity test at home when playing with the child. These measures in our experience are more effective, practical, easily carried out and have the highest possible cost/beneﬁt ratio. In this study we conﬁrm, as published earlier (BenEzra and Cohen 2000) and also reported by others (Wolf et al 1987; Akduman et al 1997; Woreta et al 2007) that, severe complications with loss of vision are still to be feared in chil- dren with JIA who are developing uveitis. Most severe ocular complications have been observed in children 4 years of age or younger who presented ﬁrst with ocular disease or had an ocular involvement detected during the initial ophthalmic examination. Young children with unilateral ocular affection or bilateral unequal involvement may develop amblyopia. If not treated early, loss of vision may ensue in these cases even if successful control of the intraocular inﬂammation is achieved but proper anti amblyopic measures are not applied early. Last but not least, in the management of JRA associated ocular inﬂammation, surgery should be considered despite the potential for complications. In properly selected cases, beneficial outcomes may be obtained and restoration of vision achieved. Early surgery may even be considered in children with severe visual impairment in one eye due to band keratopathy, seclusion of the pupil by inﬂammatory membranes and/or dense cataract. 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