J Am Oil Chem Soc (2012) 89:389–400 395 Table 4 Pesticide residues found in the studied vegetable oil samples (mean value of two parallel determinations for the composite oil sample) Sample Poppyseed oil Pumpkinseed oil Linaire oil Borage oil Evening star oil Compound name DDVP DDT Pirimiphos methyl Chlorpyrifos methyl Pirimiphos methyl Concentration (mg kg-1) 0.032 0.02 1.170 0.026 0.059 Compound name Pirimiphos methyl Triﬂuralin Pirimiphos methyl Concentration (mg kg-1) 0.179 0.137 0.054 Fig. 1 Full scan total ion current (a) 35-450 m/z chromatogram of a borage oil sample, and extracted ion current chromatograms showing peaks of chlorpyrifos methyl (b) and pirimiphos methyl (c) cold-pressed vegetable oils, they are not as widely con- sumed as reﬁned vegetable oils (except for virgin olive oil). Reﬁned vegetable oils probably have signiﬁcantly lower concentrations of various contaminants due to high tem- perature and/or pressure treatment. Those supposition is also conﬁrmed by several literature data [20–22]. According to data reported by oil producers, organophos- phorus insecticides are commonly found in vegetable oils at relatively high concentrations. Results of this study seem to conﬁrm that data [21, 23]. PAHs Recovery of the studied PAHs, recovery relative standard deviation and operating parameters of the detector are given in Table 2. Data on PAHs contents found in the studied cold-pressed vegetable oil samples are given in Table 5. Average concentration of all studied PAHs (15 ? 1) was 25.33 ± 7.17 lg kg-1. The highest concentration was found in cold-pressed pumpkinseed oil (37.16 lg kg-1) and the lowest one – in cold-pressed rapeseed oil samples (17.85 lg kg-1). Naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were the most abundant PAHs among all studied ones. Average proﬁle of PAHs in the studied samples is shown in Fig. 2. High concentrations of anthracene were also found in linaire seed and rapeseed oils. Maximum residue level of benzo[a]pirene in vegetable oils according to the 1881/2006 EC Regulation is 2 lg kg-1. None of the samples exceeded that level: we found B[a]P concentrations within the 0.02–1.25 lg kg-1 range, the highest one in cold-pressed sesame oil, and the lowest one in cold-pressed rapeseed oil. Typical chromatogram showing the PAH vegetable oil PAH 123