Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 493 18. Hamel, E.; Lin, C.M.; Kenney, S.; Skehan, P.; Vaughns, J. Modulation of tubulin-nucleotide interaction by metal ions: comparison of beryllium with magnesium and initial studies with other cations. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 295, 327-339. 19. Li, W.; Zhao, Y.; Chou, I.-N. Cytoskeletal injury induced by hexavalent chromate. Toxicol. In Vitro 1992, 6, 433-444. 20. Li, W.; Zhao, Y.; Chou, I.-N. Alterations in cytoskeletal protein sulfhydryls and cellular glutathione in cultured cells exposed to cadmium and nickel ions. Toxicology 1993, 77, 65-79. 21. Li, W.; Chou, I.-N. Effects of sodium arsenite on the cytoskeleton and cellular glutathione in cultured cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1992, 114, 132-139. 22. Li, W.; Kagan, H.M.; Chou, I.-N. Alterations in cytoskeletal organization and homeostasis of cellular thiols in cadmium-resistant cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1994, 126, 114-123. 23. Chen, L.-J.; Zhao, Y.; Gao, S.; Chou, I.-N.; Toselli, P.; Stone, P.; Li, W. Downregulation of lysyl oxidase and upregulation of cellular thiols in rat fetal lung fibroblasts treated with cigarette smoke condensate. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 83, 372-379. 24. Murphy, D.B.; Heibsch, R.R. Purification of microtubule protein from beef brain and comparison of the assembly requirements for neuronal microtubules isolated from beef and hog. Anal. Biochem. 1979, 96, 225-235. 25. Shaw, J.P.; Chou, I.-N.; Anand, B. Rapid phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins through distinct mitogenic pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263, 1459-1466. 26. Nogales, E. Structural insight into microtubule function. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 2001, 30, 397-420. 27. Valko, M.; Morris, H.; Cronin, M.T. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr. Med. Chem. 2005, 12, 1161-1208. 28. Yan, N.; Meister, A. Amino acid sequence of rat kidney γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265, 1588-1593. 29. Olmsted, J.B. Microtubule-associated proteins. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 1986, 2, 421-457. 30. Gerhardsson, L.; Dahlgren, E.; Eriksson, A.; Lagerkvist, B.E.; Lundström, J.; Nordberg, G.F. Fatal arsenic poisoning—A case report. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 1988, 14, 130-133. 31. Ratnaike, R.N. Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity. Postgrad. Med. J. 2003, 79, 391-396. 32. Britto, P.J.; Knipling, L.; McPhie, P.; Wolff, J. Thiol-disulphide interchange in tubulin: Kinetics and the effect on polymerization. Biochem. J. 2005, 389, 549-558. 33. Luduena, R.F.; Roach, M.C. Tubulin sulfhydryl groups as probes and targets for antimitotic and antimicrotubule agents. Pharmacol. Ther. 1991, 49, 133-152. 34. Bai, R.L.; Lin, C.M.; Nguyen, N.Y.; Liu, T.Y.; Hamel, E. Identification of the cysteine residue of beta-tubulin affected by the antimitotic agent 2,4-dichlorobenzyl thiocyanate, facilitated by separation of the protein subunits of tubulin by hydrophobic column chromatography. Biochemistry 1989, 28, 5606-5612. 35. Gelfand, V.I.; Bershadsky, A.D. Microtubule dynamics: Mechanism, regulation, and function. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 1991, 7, 93-116. 36. Guha Mazumder, D.N. Chronic arsenic toxicity & human health. Indian J. Med. Res. 2008, 128, 436-447.