European birth cohorts instruments, ranging from parental question- naires on developmental milestones to detailed neuropsychological assessments. Combined analyses may therefore prove difficult and may need to be restricted to cohorts that use similar tests in similar age groups. This inventory inevitably simplifies the data available in the cohorts. For example, we summarized time periods over which data were collected, meaning that not each follow-up point in each cohort is represented. Furthermore, we restricted information about exposure and health outcome assess- ment methods to relatively basic questions [see Supplemental Material, Annex 1 (http:// dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103823)]. It is also inevitable that the inventory information will become out of date quickly. The Web- based database will be maintained by send- ing requests for updates to the included and newly identified cohorts at approximately yearly intervals for as long as resources allow. The inventory is meant to give researchers and other professionals looking for specific data the first overview of relevant cohorts; only direct contact with the cohorts can then establish the suitability of data for a specific purpose. Beyond our overview here, the ENRIECO project has made an extensive effort to com- pare available data and methods across cohorts and to develop recommendations for the use of existing data and for the collection of data in the future. These reports are available on request (ENRIECO 2009). The 37 European birth cohorts described in this review fulfilled all our inclusion criteria. We also identified other studies that did not strictly match our criteria of a birth cohort study or did not collect data on the environmental expo- sures. We may have missed other birth cohorts that have not yet been published or are still in planning stages. In addition, many important birth cohorts outside Europe were not included. The Web-based inventory will be open for the inclusion of additional birth cohorts for the foreseeable future. Overall, we have achieved an excellent response from the European cohorts; only three potentially eligible cohorts did not return questionnaires. Involvement of the cohorts in workshops, working groups, and case studies was instrumental in these results. Table 4. Biomarkers of selected environmental exposures measured by European birth cohorts collaborating in ENRIECO.a Persistent organic pollutants Other pesticides Other chemicals Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn, Cu As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Pb PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFS DDT/DDE,b HCB,b PCBs,b PCDDs,b PFCsb Abbreviations: As, arsenic; B, boron; BFRs, brominated flame retardants; BPA, bisphenol A; Cd, cadmium; Co, cobalt; Cu, copper; DDE, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDT, dichlo- rodiphenyltrichloroethane; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; HCH, hexachlorocyclohexane; Hg, mercury; Mb, molybdenum; Mn, manganese; Ni, nickel; NNAL, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanol; PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pb, lead; PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls; PCDDs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; PCDFs, polychlorinated dibenzo furans; PFCs, perfluorinated compounds; Se, selenium; Tl, thallium; TMS, total metals spectrum; Zn, zinc. See Table 1 for full names and locations of cohorts. aIncludes all exposures biomarkers measured as part of the exposure topics included the inventory questionnaire [see Supplemental Material, Annex 1 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ ehp.1103823)]. Details of each assessment (method, time period, number of subjects) are available at www.birthcohortsenrieco.net (ENRIECO 2011). bMeasurements are planned or ongoing but not completed. Environmental Health Perspectives • volume 120 | number 1 | January 2012 35 Cohort ALSPAC ArcRisk-Norway BAMSE Czech DNBC Duisburg EDEN ELFE Faroes FLEHS I Generation R GINIplus HUMIS INMA old INMA new INUENDO Kraków LISAplus LUKAS MAS MoBa NINFEA PCB cohort PÉLAGIE REPRO_PL RHEA Metals As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se,b TMS As, Cd, Co, Hg, Mb, Mn , Pb — — — Cd, Hg, Pb, Se B, Cd, Mn, Hg, Pb Al,b As,b Cd,b Hg,b Pbb Hg, Pb, Se Cd, Pb Hg,b Pbb Hg, Pb,b TMSb Hg, Pb, TMSb Cd,b Hg,b Pbb Cd, Hg, Pb — As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se — — — — Planned Hg, Pb Hg PFCsb Chlordane, DDT/DDE, HCB, PCBs — — PFCs DDT/DDE, HCB,b HCH, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PFCs — BFRs,b organochlorines,b PFCs,b PCBs,b PCDDs,b PCDFsb BFRs,b chlordane, DDT/DDE, dieldrin/ endrin, heptachlor, HCB, β-HCH, mirex, organometallic compounds, PCBs, PFCs,b toxaphene DDT/DDE, dioxin-like compounds, HCB, PCBs Organochlorinesb — BFRs, DDT/DDE, HCB, HCH, mirex, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PFCs, toxaphene Aldrin/dieldrin/endrin, BFRs, DDT/DDE, endosulfan, lindane, methoxychlor, mirex, HCB, HCH, PCBs BFRs, DDT/DDE, HCB, HCH, PCBs BFRs,b DDT/DDE, HCB,b PCBs, PFCsb — — BFRs, DDT/DDE, organometallic compounds, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, polychlorinated naphthalene — BFRs,b DDT/DDE,b PCBsb — DDT/DDE, HCB, HCH, PCBs, PFCsb Aldrin, BFRs, DDT/DDE, dieldrin/endrin, heptachlor, HCB, PCBs — Organophosphates,b pyrethroidsb — Organophosphates — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Organophosphates — — Acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, organophosphorus, propoxur, triazines — — Tobacco smoking Cotinine — Cotinine Cotinine — Cotinineb Cotinine Cotinineb — — — Cotinine — Cotinine Cotinine — Cotinine Cotinine — Cotinine — — — — Cotinine NNAL, cotinine — — — — — — — — Planned PAHs BPA, phthalates Phthalates, phenols (including BPA) BPA,b phthalatesb BPA,b phthalatesb BPA, phthalates Phthalates Phthalates, phenols (including BPA) Phthalates, phenols (including BPA) BPA,b phthalatesb Phthalates, PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene- adducts Phthalatesb BPA, phthalates Phthalatesb Phthalates PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene) Phthalatesb