6 Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pen Ts’ao Kang Mu, written in the 16th century in China, considers EVA a universal tonic and an important medicament for sexual virility. This text does not identify the bioactive component(s) of EVA contributing to these health beneﬁts. Similarly, the bioactive constituents resulting in earlier development of physical, reﬂexological, and neuromotor skills in oﬀspring of long- term EVA supplementation of dams are not known but EVA polypeptides have been associated with growth promoting activities [38]. Whether these contribute to the acceleration of various indices of physical and neurological development is not known but further research is warranted before the use of EVA as a general tonic for humans during period of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation can be promoted. Acknowledgments This paper was supported through grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) to A. 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