Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3 Table 1: A comprehensive training for sasang constitutional body trunk measurement. Training content Description Observer posture Subject respiration Maintenance of horizontal orientation of measuring instruments Measuring intensity of measuring instrument Measuring method Interaxillary width Chest width Rib width Waist width Pelvic width Observer posture Subject respiration Maintenance of horizontal orientation of measuring instruments Measuring intensity of measuring instrument Measuring method Forehead circumference Neck circumference Axillary circumference 5-width measurement and training An observer measures a subject with locating his face in subject’s midline. A subject maintains stable respiration and measurement is conducted between inspiration and expiration. Measuring instrument should be located in the same point of the lateral body. Applied pressure should not distort skin or other human tissue during the measurement. A subject with attention posture everts left and right arms from the trunk for 5 degrees. An observer places ﬁxed end of the large caliper on the right starting point of subject’s axilla. He places movable end of the caliper on the left starting point of subject’s axilla and measures the distance between two starting points. A subject with attention posture everts left and right arms from the trunk for 5 degrees. An maginary line is drawn from the right starting point of subject’s axilla to lateral corner of the right anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). This line is superimposed over the line connecting right and left nipples. Fixed end of the caliper is placed on the intersection point of the two lines. Movable end of the caliper is placed on the point contralateral to the intersection point in the left side. Horizontal distance between these two points is measured. A subject with attention posture everts left and right arms from the trunk for 5 degrees. An imaginary line connecting subject’s right axillary starting point and distal corner of the right ASIS. Another line connecting right and left 7th and 8th prominence of costochondral junction is drawn. Fixed end of the caliper is placed on the intersection point of the two lines. Movable end of the caliper is placed on the point contralateral to the intersection point in the left side using observer’s right hand. Horizontal distance between these two points is measured. A subject with attention posture everts left and right arms from the trunk for 5 degrees. An imaginary line connecting subject’s right axillary starting point and distal corner of the right ASIS. Another line connecting right and left Tianshu (ST25) is drawn. Fixed end of the caliper is placed on the intersection point of the two lines. Movable end of the caliper is placed on the point contralateral to the intersection point in the left side using observer’s right hand. Horizontal distance between these two points is measured. Fixed end of the caliper is placed on the lateral part of subject’s right ASIS and movable end of the caliper is placed on the distal of subject’s left ASIS. Horizontal distance between these two points is measured. 8-circumference measurement and training An observer measures in front of a subject. A subject maintains stable respiration and measurement is conducted between inspiration and expiration. A measuring instrument is placed parallel with observer’s hand, eye, and location of the measurement (exception: the shortest distance is measured for the neck circumference). Applied pressure should not distort skin or other human tissue during the measurement (exception: forehead circumference is measured with ﬁnger pressure ﬁrmly on subject’s hair). A subject sits up on the chair with his back straightened. An observer holds the “0 point” with one hand. He wraps the tapeline around subject’s forehead passing the glabella and the opisthion and overlaps the tapeline and measures. The observer should apply suﬃcient pressure on subject’s hair. A subject sits on the chair with his back straightened. He maintains his forehead position parallel to the ﬂoor. An observer stands in front of the subject and wraps the measuring tape around the neck passing the area between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage. The shortest distance is recorded. A subject undresses upper body and stands up straight with balanced pressure on the right and left feet. An observer stands in front of the subject. The subject raises his arms laterally and the observer wraps measuring tape around the subject’s upper body to pass the right and left axilla and midpoint of the chuhndohl (CV22) and the joongjuhng (CV16). The subject lowers their arms in a natural way and the circumference is recorded.