5. Randolph SE. The shifting landscape of tick-borne zoonoses: tick- borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in Europe. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001;356:1045–56. 6. Freundt EA. The Western boundary of endemic tick-borne encephali- tis in southern Scandinavia. APMIS. 1963;57:87–103. 7. Webster P, Frandsen F. Prevalence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdor- feri in Danish deer. APMIS. 1994;102:287–90. 8. Jensen PM, Jespersen JB. Five decades of tick-man interaction in Denmark—an analysis. Exp Appl Acarol. 2005;35:131–46. 9. Inokuma H, Raoult D, Brouqui P. Detection of Ehrlichia platys DNA in brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in Okinawa Island, Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:4219–21. 10. Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, Massung RF. Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:3164–8. 11. Jensen PM. Seasonal and geographical abundance of Ixodes ricinus and Lyme borreliosis risk assessment in Denmark [dissertation]. Zoology Section, Department of Ecology. Fredriksberg: The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; 2000. 12. Matuschka FR, Heiler M, Eiffert H, Fischer P, Lotter H, Spielman A. Diversionary role of hoofed game in the transmission of Lyme dis- ease spirochetes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;48:693–9. 13. Pichon B, Mousson L, Figureau C, Rodhain F, Perez-Eid C. Density of deer in relation to the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in Ixodes ricinus nymphs in Rambouillet Forest, France. Exp Appl Acarol. 1999;23:267–75. 14. Jensen PM, Hansen H, Frandsen F. Spatial risk assessment for Lyme borreliosis in Denmark. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32:545–50. 15. Jaenson TG, Talleklint L. Incompetence of roe deer as reservoirs of the Lyme borreliosis spirochete. J Med Entomol. 1992;29:813–7. 16. Gray JS, Hayden TJ, Casey S, Kirstein F, Rijpkema S, Curtin S. A Lyme disease serosurvey of deer in Irish national parks. Proc R Ir Acad [B]. 1996;96B:27–32. 17. Schouls LM, Van De Pol I, Rijpkema SG, Schot CS. Detection and identification of Ehrlichia, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Bartonella species in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:2215–22. 18. Sanogo YO, Zeaiter Z, Caruso G, Merola F, Shpynov S, Brouqui P, et al. Bartonella henselae in Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodida) removed from humans, Belluno province, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:329–32. 19. Chang CC, Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Romano V, Tietze N. Molecular evidence of Bartonella spp. in questing adult Ixodes pacificus ticks in California. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:1221–6. 20. McGill S, Wesslen L, Hjelm E, Holmberg M, Rolf C, Friman G. Serological and epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of Bartonella spp. Antibodies in Swedish elite orienteers 1992–93. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33:423–8. Tickborne Infections in Denmark 21. Eskow E, Rao RV, Mordechai E. Concurrent infection of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi and Bartonella henselae: evi- dence for a novel tick-borne disease complex. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1357–63. 22. Alberdi MP, Walker AR, Urquhart KA. Field evidence that roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are a natural host for Ehrlichia phagocytophi- la. Epidemiol Infect. 2000;124:315–23. 23. Stuen S, Akerstedt J, Bergstrom K, Handeland K. Antibodies to gran- ulocytic Ehrlichia in moose, red deer, and roe deer in Norway. J Wildl Dis. 2002;38:1–6. 24. Petrovec M, Bidovec A, Sumner JW, Nicholson WL, Childs JE, Avsic-Zupanc T. Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophila in cervids from Slovenia: evidence of two genotypic lineages. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114:641–7. 25. Hulinska D, Langrova K, Pejcoch M, Pavlasek I. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in animals by real-time polymerase chain reaction. APMIS. 2004;112:239–47. 26. Strle F. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Europe. Int J Med Microbiol. 2004;293(Suppl 37):27–35. 27. Sanogo YO, Parola P, Shpynov S, Camicas JL, Brouqui P, Caruso G, et al. Genetic diversity of bacterial agents detected in ticks removed from asymptomatic patients in northeastern Italy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;990:182–90. 28. Lindgren E, Gustafson R. Tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden and cli- mate change. Lancet. 2001;358:16–8. 29. Lindgren E, Talleklint L, Polfeldt T. Impact of climatic change on the northern latitude limit and population density of the disease-transmit- ting European tick Ixodes ricinus. Environ Health Perspect. 2000;108:119–23. 30. Randolph S. Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. Lancet. 2001;358:1731–2. 31. World Health Organization. Early human health effects of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion in Europe [monograph on the Internet]. 1999 Apr 9 [cited 2005 May 2]. Available from http://www.euro.who.int/document/gch/climate03.pdf 32. Randolph SE, Rogers DJ. Fragile transmission cycles of tick-borne encephalitis virus may be disrupted by predicted climate change. Proc Biol Sci. 2000;267:1741–4. 33. Jensen PM, Skarphedinsson S, Semenov A. Densities of the tick (Ixodes ricinus) and coexistence of the Louping ill virus and tick borne encephalitis on the island of Bornholm [article in Danish]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2004;166:2563–5. Address for correspondence: Sigurdur Skarphédinsson, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Winsloewparken 21,2, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; fax: 45-6541-4785; email: siggi@inet.uni2.dk Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 11, No. 7, July 2005 1061