Review of somatosensory tinnitus Sanchez TG and Rocha CB 35. Leboeuf-Yde C, Pedersen EN, Bryner P, Cosman D, Hayek R, Meeker WC, et al. Self-reported nonmusculoskeletal responses to chiropractic intervention: a multination survey. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005;28:294–302, doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.04.010. 36. DeVocht JW, Schaeffer W, Lawrence DJ. Chiropractic treatment of temporomandibular disorders using the activator adjusting instrument and protocol. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005;11:70–3. 37. Kaute BB. The influence of Atlas therapy on tinnitus. Int Tinnitus J. 1998;4:165–7. 38. Travell J. Temporomandibular joint pain referred from muscle of the head and neck. J Prosthet Dent. 1960;10:745–63, doi: 10.1016/0022- 3913(60)90257-2. 39. Wyant GM: Chronic pain syndromes and their treatment. II. Trigger points. Canad Anaesth Soc J. 1979;26:216–9, doi: 10.1007/BF03006985. 40. Estola-Partanen M. Muscular tension and tinnitus: an experimental trial of trigger point injections on tinnitus (dissertation). Tampere, University of Tampere, 2000. 41. Eriksson M, Gustafsson S, Axelsson A. Tinnitus and trigger points: a randomized cross-over study. In: Reich GE, Vernon JA, editors. Proceedings of the Fifth International Tinnitus Seminar. Portland, 1995. pp. 81–3. 42. Rocha CACB, Sanchez TG. Tinnitus modulation by miofascial trigger points and its disappearance by treatment of the myofascial pain syndrome: an interesting result. In: Langguth B. Abstracts of the Second Meeting of Tinnitus Research Initiative, Monaco, 2007. Univ. of Regensburg, 2007, p. 49. 43. Rocha CACB. Efica´cia da Desativac¸a˜o dos Pontos-gatilho Miofasciais para o Tratamento do Zumbido em Pacientes com S´ındrome Dolorosa Miofascial. Sa˜o Paulo: Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo; 2010. 44. Vernon H, Schneider M. Chiropractic management of myofascial trigger points and myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009;32:14–24, doi: 10.1016/j. jmpt.2008.06.012. 45. Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F. License to run: exercise impacts functional plasticity in the intact and injured CNS by using neurotrophins. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2005;19:283–95, doi: 10.1177/ 1545968305280753. 46. Sanchez TG, Lima AS, Branda˜o AL, Lorenzi MC, Bento RF. Somatic modulation of tinnitus: test reliability and results after repetitive muscle contraction training. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007;116:30–5. 47. Sanchez TG, Pio MRB. Abolic¸a˜o de zumbido evocado pela movimenta- c¸a˜o ocular por meio da repetic¸a˜o do deslocamento do olhar: um me´todo inovador. Arq Int Otorrinolaringol. 2007;11:345–9. 48. Kaada B, Hognestad S, Havstad J. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) in tinnitus. Scand Audiol. 1989;18:211–7, doi: 10.3109/ 01050398909042196. 49. Rahko T, Kotti V. Tinnitus treatment by transcutaneous nerve stimula- tion (TNS). Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1997;529:88–9, doi: 10.3109/ 00016489709124091. CLINICS 2011;66(6):1089-1094 50. Aydemir G, Tezer MS, Borman P, Bodur H, Unal A. Treatment of tinnitus with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves patients’ quality of life. J Laryngol Otol. 2006;120:442–5, doi: 10.1017/ S0022215106000910. 51. Attias J, Shemesh Z, Sohmer H, Gold S, Shoham C, Faraggi D. A comparison between self-hypnosis, masking and attentiveness for alleviation of chronic tinnitus. Audiology. 1993;32:205–12, doi: 10.3109/ 00206099309072936. 52. Marks NJ, Karl H, Onisiphorou CA. controlled trial of hypnotherapy in tinnitus. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1985;10:43–6, doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2273.1985.tb01163.x. 53. Coles RRA, Hallam RS. Tinnitus and its management. Br Med Bull. 1987;43:983–98. 54. Simpson LL. The origin, structure, and pharmacological activity of botulinum toxin. Pharmacol Rev. 1981;33:155–88. 55. Blersch W, Schulte-Mattler WJ, Przywara S, May A, Bigalke H, Wohlfarth K. Botulinum toxin A and the cutaneous nociception in humans: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Neurol Sci. 2002;205:59–63, doi: 10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00313-1. 56. Dolly O. Synaptic transmission: inhibition of neurotransmitter release by botulinum toxins. Headache. 2003;43:16–24, doi: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.43. 7s.4.x. 57. Aoki KR. Review of a proposed mechanism for the antinociceptive action of botulinum toxin type A. Neurotoxicology. 2005;26:785–93, doi: 10. 1016/j.neuro.2005.01.017. 58. Cui M, Khanijou S, Rubino J, Aoki KR. Subcutaneous administration of botulinum toxin A reduces formalin-induced pain. Pain. 2004;107:125– 33, doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2003.10.008. 59. Durham PL, Cady R. Regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion from trigeminal nerve cells by botulinum toxin type A: implications for migraine therapy. Headache. 2004;44:35–42, doi: 10. 1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04007.x. 60. Oshinsky M, Poso-Rosich P, Luo J, Hyman S, Silberstein SD. Botulinum toxin A blocks sensitization of neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Cephalalgia. 2004;24:781. 61. Stidham KR, Solomon PH, Roberson JB. Evaluation of botulinum toxin A in treatment of tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:883–9, doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.02.015. 62. La´inez MJ, Piera A. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of somatic tinnitus. Prog Brain Res. 2007;166:335–8, doi: 10.1016/S0079- 6123(07)66031-2. 63. Girlanda P, Vita G, Nicolosi C, Milone S, Messina C. Botulinum toxin therapy: distant effects on neuromuscular transmission and autonomic nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55:844–5, doi: 10. 1136/jnnp.55.9.844. 64. Marion MH. Hemifacial spasm: treatment with botulinum toxin (long term results). In: Sindou M, Keravel Y, Møller AR. Hemifacial Spasm. A Multidisiplinary Approach. Springer: Wien; 1997. pp. 141–4. 1094