International Journal of Nephrology [2] A. A. Portale, B. P. Halloran, and R. C. Morris, “Dietary intake of phosphorus modulates the circadian rhythm in serum concentration of phosphorus. Implications for the renal pro- duction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1147–1154, 1987. [3] T. Berndt and R. Kumar, “Novel mechanisms in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis,” Physiology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 17– 25, 2009. [4] Y. Nishida, Y. Taketani, H. Yamanaka-Okumura et al., “Acute eﬀect of oral phosphate loading on serum ﬁbroblast growth factor 23 levels in healthy men,” Kidney International, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 2141–2147, 2006. [5] B. Kestenbaum, J. N. Sampson, K. D. Rudser et al., “Serum phosphate levels and mortality risk among people with chronic kidney disease,” Journal of the American Society of Ne- phrology, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 520–528, 2005. [6] C. Y. Hsu and G. M. Chertow, “Elevations of serum phos- phorus and potassium in mild to moderate chronic renal insuﬃciency,” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1419–1425, 2002. [7] A. Levin, G. L. Bakris, M. Molitch et al., “Prevalence of abnormal serum vitamin D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the study to evaluate early kidney disease,” Kidney International, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 31–38, 2007. [8] O. Gutierrez, T. Isakova, E. Rhee et al., “Fibroblast growth factor-23 mitigates hyperphosphatemia but accentuates cal- citriol deﬁciency in chronic kidney disease,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 2205–2215, 2005. [9] S. Liu and L. D. Quarles, “How ﬁbroblast growth factor 23 works,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1637–1647, 2007. [10] D. Prie´, P. U. Torres, and G. Friedlander, “Latest ﬁndings in phosphate homeostasis,” Kidney International, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 882–889, 2009. [11] M. Wolf, “Forging forward with 10 burning questions on FGF23 in kidney disease,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1427–1435, 2010. [12] J. Silver and T. Naveh-Many, “Phosphate and the parathyroid,” Kidney International, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 898–905, 2009. [13] N. Noori, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, C. P. Kovesdy, R. Bross, D. Benner, and J. D. Kopple, “Association of dietary phosphorus intake and phosphorus to protein ratio with mortality in hemodialysis patients,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 683–692, 2010. [14] K. E. Lynch, R. Lynch, G. C. Curhan, and S. M. Brunelli, “Prescribed dietary phosphate restriction and survival among hemodialysis patients,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 620–629, 2011. [15] K. Zeller, E. Whittaker, L. Sullivan, P. Raskin, and H. R. Jacob- son, “Eﬀect of restricting dietary protein on the progression of renal failure in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 324, no. 2, pp. 78–84, 1991. [16] M. H. Lafage-Proust, C. Combe, N. Barthe, and M. Aparicio, “Bone mass and dynamic parathyroid function according to bone histology in nondialyzed uremic patients after long- term protein and phosphorus restriction,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 512–519, 1999. [17] C. Sullivan, S. S. Sayre, J. B. Leon et al., “Eﬀect of food additives on hyperphosphatemia among patients with end-stage renal 5 disease: a randomized controlled trial,” JAMA, vol. 301, no. 6, pp. 629–635, 2009. [18] J. Uribarri, “Phosphorus homeostasis in normal health and in chronic kidney disease patients with special emphasis on dietary phosphorus intake,” Seminars in Dialysis, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 295–301, 2007. [19] K. Kalantar-Zadeh, L. Gutekunst, R. Mehrotra et al., “Under- standing sources of dietary phosphorus in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 519–530, 2010. [20] L. H. Kayne, D. Z. D’Argenio, J. H. Meyer, M. S, Hu, N. Jamgotchian, and D. B. N. Lee, “Analysis of segmental phosphate absorption in intact rats. A compartmental analysis approach,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 915–922, 1993. [21] L. Bohn, A. S. Meyer, and S. K. Rasmussen, “Phytate: impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molec- ular breeding,” Journal of Zhejiang University: Science B, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 165–191, 2008. [22] X. G. Lei and J. M. Porres, “Phytase enzymology, applications, and biotechnology,” Biotechnology Letters, vol. 25, no. 21, pp. 1787–1794, 2003. [23] O. M. Gutie´rrez, C. Anderson, T. Isakova et al., “Low socioe- conomic status associates with higher serum phosphate irre- spective of race,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 1953–1960, 2010. [24] “Kidney disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD- MBD),” Kidney International. Supplement , no. 113, pp. S1– S130, 2009. [25] G. A. Block, D. M. Spiegel, J. Ehrlich et al., “Eﬀects of seve- lamer and calcium on coronary artery calciﬁcation in patients new to hemodialysis,” Kidney International, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1815–1824, 2005. [26] W. G. Goodman, J. Goldin, B. D. Kuizon et al., “Coronary- artery calciﬁcation in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 342, no. 20, pp. 1478–1483, 2000. [27] M. Ketteler, M. Rix, S. Fan et al., “Eﬃcacy and tolerability of sevelamer carbonate in hyperphosphatemic patients who have chronic kidney disease and are not on dialysis,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1125– 1130, 2008. [28] S. M. Sprague, H. Abboud, P. Qiu, M. Dauphin, P. Zhang, and W. Finn, “Lanthanum carbonate reduces phosphorus burden in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4: a randomized trial,” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 178–185, 2009. [29] D. Russo, I. Miranda, C. Ruocco et al., “The progression of coronary artery calciﬁcation in predialysis patients on calcium carbonate or sevelamer,” Kidney International, vol. 72, no. 10, pp. 1255–1261, 2007. [30] N. Nagano, S. Miyata, M. Abe et al., “Eﬀect of manipulating serum phosphorus with phosphate binder on circulating PTH and FGF23 in renal failure rats,” Kidney International, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 531–537, 2006. [31] T. Isakova, O. M. Gutirrez, K. Smith et al., “Pilot study of dietary phosphorus restriction and phosphorus binders to target ﬁbroblast growth factor 23 in patients with chronic kidney disease,” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 584–591, 2011.