Sung Ho Jang REFERENCES 1. Afifi AK, Bergman RA. Functional neuroanatomy: text and atlas. 2nd ed. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill; 2005. 2. Cho SH, Kim SH, Choi BY, Cho SH, Kang JH, Lee CH, et al. Motor outcome according to diffusion tensor tractography find- ings in the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 2007;421:142-6. 3. Davidoff RA. The pyramidal tract. Neurology 1990;40:332-9. 4. Jang SH. The role of the corticospinal tract in motor recovery in patients with a stroke: a review. NeuroRehabilitation 2009;24:285- 90. 5. Ahn YH, Ahn SH, Kim H, Hong JH, Jang SH. Can stroke patients walk after complete lateral corticospinal tract injury of the affected hemisphere? Neuroreport 2006;17:987-90. 6. Binkofski F, Seitz RJ, Arnold S, Classen J, Benecke R, Freund HJ. Thalamic metbolism and corticospinal tract integrity determine motor recovery in stroke. Ann Neurol 1996;39:460-70. 7. Hallett M, Wassermann EM, Cohen LG, Chmielowska J, Gerloff C. Cortical mechanisms of recovery of function after stroke. Neu- rorehabilitation 1998;10:131-42. 8. Bassetti C, Bogousslavsky J, Barth A, Regli F. Isolated infarcts of the pons. Neurology 1996;46:165-75. 9. Han BS, Hong JH, Hong C, Yeo SS, Lee D, Cho HK, et al. Loca- tion of the corticospinal tract at the corona radiata in human brain. Brain Res 2010;1326:75-80. 10. Holodny AI, Gor DM, Watts R, Gutin PH, Ulug AM. Diffusion- tensor MR tractography of somatotopic organization of corticospi- nal tracts in the internal capsule: initial anatomic results in contra- distinction to prior reports. Radiology 2005;234:649-53. 11. Hong JH, Son SM, Jang SH. Somatotopic location of corticospi- nal tract at pons in human brain: a diffusion tensor tractography study. Neuroimage 2010;51:952-5. 12. Ino T, Nakai R, Azuma T, Yamamoto T, Tsutsumi S, Fukuyama H. Somatotopy of corticospinal tract in the internal capsule shown by functional MRI and diffusion tensor images. Neuroreport 2007; 18:665-8. 13. Jang SH. A review of corticospinal tract location at corona radiata and posterior limb of the internal capsule in human brain. Neuro- Rehabilitation 2009;24:279-83. 14. Kim JS, Pope A. Somatotopically located motor fibers in corona radiata: evidence from subcortical small infarcts. Neurology 2005; 64:1438-40. 15. Kim YH, Kim DS, Hong JH, Park CH, Hua N, Bickart KC, et al. Corticospinal tract location in internal capsule of human brain: diffusion tensor tractography and functional MRI study. Neurore- port 2008;19:817-20. 16. Kwon HG, Hong JH, Lee MY, Kwon YH, Jang SH. Somatotopic arrangement of the corticospinal tract at the medullary pyramid in the human brain. Eur Neurol 2011;65:46-9. 17. Marx JJ, Iannetti GD, Thömke F, Fitzek S, Urban PP, Stoeter P, et al. Somatotopic organization of the corticospinal tract in the hu- man brainstem: a MRI-based mapping analysis. Ann Neurol 2005;57:824-31. 18. Park JK, Kim BS, Choi G, Kim SH, Choi JC, Khang H. Evalua- tion of the somatotopic organization of corticospinal tracts in the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle: results of diffusion-tensor MR tractography. Korean J Radiol 2008;9:191-5. 19. Schmahmann JD, Ko R, MacMore J. The human basis pontis: motor syndromes and topographic organization. Brain 2004;127: 1269-91. 20. Song YM. Somatotopic organization of motor fibers in the corona radiata in monoparetic patients with small subcortical infarct. Stroke 2007;38:2353-5. 21. Tohgi H, Takahashi S, Takahashi H, Tamura K, Yonezawa H. The side and somatotopical location of single small infarcts in the co- rona radiata and pontine base in relation to contralateral limb pare- sis and dysarthria. Eur Neurol 1996;36:338-42. 22. Carpenter MB. Core text of neuroanatomy. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1985. 23. Bouchareb M, Moulin T, Cattin F, Dietemann JL, Racle A, Verdot H, et al. Wallerian degeneration of the descending tracts. CT and MRI features of the brain stem. J Neuroradiol 1988;15:238-52. 24. Kobayashi S, Hasegawa S, Maki T, Murayama S. Retrograde de- generation of the corticospinal tract associated with pontine infarc- tion. J Neurol Sci 2005;236:91-3. 25. Mark VW, Taub E, Perkins C, Gauthier LV, Uswatte G, Ogorek J. Poststroke cerebral peduncular atrophy correlates with a measure of corticospinal tract injury in the cerebral hemisphere. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:354-8. 26. Mori S, Crain BJ, Chacko VP, van Zijl PC. Three-dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1999;45:265-9. 27. Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Lyon R, Du R, Lawton MT. Intraoperative motor mapping of the cerebral peduncle during resection of a mid- brain cavernous malformation: technical case report. Neurosur- gery 2005;56:E439. 28. Stovring J, Fernando LT. Wallerian degeneration of the corticospi- nal tract region of the brain stem: demonstration by computed to- mography. Radiology 1983;149:717-20. 29. Uchino A, Imada H, Ohno M. MR imaging of wallerian degenera- tion in the human brain stem after ictus. Neuroradiology 1990;32: 191-5. 30. Uchino A, Onomura K, Ohno M. Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract in the brain stem: MR imaging. Radiat Med 1989;7:74-8. 31. Warabi T, Miyasaka K, Inoue K, Nakamura N. Computed tomo- graphic studies of the basis pedunculi in chronic hemiplegic pa- tients: topographic correlation between cerebral lesion and mid- brain shrinkage. Neuroradiology 1987;29:409-15. 32. Westerhausen R, Huster RJ, Kreuder F, Wittling W, Schweiger E. Corticospinal tract asymmetries at the level of the internal capsule: is there an association with handedness? Neuroimage 2007;37: 379-86. 33. Yamada K, Kizu O, Kubota T, Ito H, Matsushima S, Oouchi H, et al. The pyramidal tract has a predictable course through the cen- trum semiovale: a diffusion-tensor based tractography study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:519-24. 34. Martinez SN, Bertrand C, Botana-Lopez C. Motor fiber distribu- tion within the cerebral peduncle. Results of unipolar stimulation. Confin Neurol 1967;29:117-22. 35. Schneider R, Gautier JC. Leg weakness due to stroke. Site of le- sions, weakness patterns and causes. Brain 1994;117:347-54. 36. Waragai M, Watanabe H, Iwabuchi S. The somatotopic localisa- tion of the descending cortical tract in the cerebral peduncle: a study using MRI of changes following Wallerian degeneration in the cerebral peduncle after a supratentorial vascular lesion. Neuro- radiology 1994;36:402-4. 37. Bucy PC, Keplinger JE, Siqueira EB. Destruction of the “Pyrami- 556 Yonsei Med J http://www.eymj.org Volume 52 Number 4 July 2011