Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8 4217 it would create the awareness on the non-smoker’s predominantly female population and second, it would enhance acceptance and understanding by men. In other words, this would help reverse the social norm about smoking in Jordanian society. Ding found that exposure reduction of SHS can be achieved by changing exposed non-smokers' behavior through more efficient avoidance practices [19]. These findings support creation of public initiatives to support enforcement of smoking restriction in the workplace and public areas, as well as promoting tobacco-free homes. However, enforcement efforts need to be coupled with smoking cessation programs [20] in order to establish a new smoke-free cultural norm in Jordan. To capitalize on importance of children in Jordan [10], exposure prevention programs should capitalize on adverse maternal-child health effects of SHS exposure. This would promote a smoke-free environment for the benefit of the whole population by both men and women. 5. Summary and Policy Implications 5.1. Study Limitations The study used a convenience sample. It was conducted at two public universities; women who work in these universities do not represent all women in Jordan. This limits the generalizability of the study results. The study used a self-report questionnaire where recall bias may have affected responses. There was 30% non-response rate in the study; non-respondents might have held views that differ from those of respondents. These factors might have altered the findings of this study. Moreover, the sample did not include smokers and their views of SHS exposure. 5.2. Policy Implications The results revealed that knowledge of the health impact of SHS exposure did not have a comparable impact on avoidance behavior. Especially among staff and administrative workers, SHS exposure was good but the level of avoidance was low. With the increase in use of email and the Internet in university settings, multimedia messages could be used to reach students and women in the workplace. For women with less education or who are not employed outside the home, a life-skills enhancement approach would be a feasible approach to SHS education and empowerment. In addition, advocacy efforts should target the smoking population (predominantly male) to teach about health hazards and shape attitudes related to SHS exposure. This approach can be crafted to minimize resistance to smoke-free home environments [16]. Focusing on child health is a powerful motivator in the Jordanian culture because children are highly valued. Since half of these educated working women were uninformed about smoking restriction policies, university administrators need to increase efforts to educate students, faculty and staff using social media, and Internet-based campaigns. Creating a smoke-free environment does not occur overnight; advocacy must be combined with consistent and visible enforcement. 5.3. Recommendations for Further Research More research about SHS knowledge, attitudes and avoidance behaviors are needed in settings such as hospitals, schools, and other institutions to enhance the generalizability of study results. Intervention