5244 Nucleic Acids Research, 2011, Vol. 39, No. 12 human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 mRNA. J. Virol., 68, 7001–7007. 95. Dugre-Brisson,S., Elvira,G., Boulay,K., Chatel-Chaix,L., Mouland,A.J. and DesGroseillers,L. (2005) Interaction of Staufen1 with the 50 end of mRNA facilitates translation of these RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res., 33, 4797–4812. 96. Dorin,D., Bonnet,M.C., Bannwarth,S., Gatignol,A., Meurs,E.F. and Vaquero,C. (2003) The TAR RNA-binding Protein, TRBP, Stimulates the Expression of TAR-containing RNAs in Vitro and in VivoIndependently of Its Ability to Inhibit the dsRNA-dependent Kinase PKR. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 4440–4448. 97. Yedavalli,V.S., Neuveut,C., Chi,Y.H., Kleiman,L. and Jeang,K.T. (2004) Requirement of DDX3 DEAD box RNA helicase for HIV-1 Rev-RRE export function. Cell, 119, 381–392. 98. Lai,M.C., Lee,Y.H. and Tarn,W.Y. (2008) The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 associates with export messenger ribonucleoproteins as well as tip-associated protein and participates in translational control. Mol. Biol. Cell, 19, 3847–3858. 99. Bolinger,C., Sharma,A., Singh,D., Yu,L. and Boris-Lawrie,K. (2010) RNA helicase A modulates translation of HIV-1 and infectivity of progeny virions. Nucleic Acids Res., 38, 1686–1696. 100. Bolinger,C. and Boris-Lawrie,K. (2009) Mechanisms employed by retroviruses to exploit host factors for translational control of a complex proteome. Retrovirology, 6, 8. 101. Parsyan,A., Shahbazian,D., Martineau,Y., Petroulakis,E., Alain,T., Larsson,O., Mathonnet,G., Tettweiler,G., Hellen,C.U., Pestova,T.V. et al. (2009) The helicase protein DHX29 promotes translation initiation, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 106, 22217–22222.