Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 131 SOURCE Chen et al. 2010 [69] Chen et al. 2011 [70] Kunrath et al. 2010 [71] Niederkrotenthaler et al. 2010 [72] Queinec et al. 2011 [73] COUNTRY Taiwan ARTICLE TYPE Research Table 1. Cont. OUTCOME MEASURE Suicide attempts Taiwan Research Suicides Germany Research Austria Research Railway suicides Suicides France Research Suicides MAIN FINDINGS Major self-reported identification occurred in respondents who attempted suicide by using the same method as a celebrity (charcoal burning) Increase in the intensity of suicide news reporting increased the actual number of suicides Number of railway suicides increased significantly after non-fictional media coverage of a fatal railway accident Coverage on positive coping in adverse circumstances as covered in media items about suicidal ideation may have protective effect and decrease suicide rates Some celebrity suicides stories were followed by increase in suicides, some were not Most of the studies (n = 19) came from North-America (the USA and one from Canada), the studies from the USA were especially over-represented before 1990. The next big region of origin of the studies was Asia (n = 16), followed by Europe (n = 12). Two studies were performed in Australia. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews had no specifically defined region or included studies from several regions. The vast majority of the studies support the idea that media coverage of suicidal behaviours and actual suicidality are associated. Only four studies found no significant associations [20,26-28] and five studies expressed hesitations about clear associations or reported incoherent results [29,30,36,50,73]. All studies reporting no associations were conducted before 1990. Unfortunately it is impossible to evaluate whether these one-way results, i.e., either positive or negative significant associations between media reporting and suicidality, reflect the real situation. There is a risk of reporting bias in the sense that researchers are eager to report meaningful positive results, but could keep silent if the results are not beneficial. Mass media imitation theory presumes that if modelling works in one way (copycat suicides), it can work also on the other way (positive model) [74]. For indicating negative, provoking effect of media portrayal, the expression ‘Werther effect’ was introduced by Phillips [75] already decades ago and for the opposite, preventive effect the expression ‘Papageno effect’ was proposed recently by Niederkrotenhaler and colleagues [72]. The ‘Werther effect refers to Goethe’s novel The sorrows of Young Werther (1774), where a young man takes his life for love by shooting himself. The ‘Papageno effect’ refers to Mozart’s opera The Magic Flute (1791), where a young man in love becomes suicidal, but copes well thanks to his friends’ intervention. Based on the results of the current systematic review more research is available about provocative outcomes of irresponsible media reports inducing an