2 6 months and had been clinically stable and peritonitis- free for at least 3 months before the study. Patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and patients who had received glucose polymer-based peritoneal dialysis solution were also included the study, but they were switched to CAPD with dual-chamber bags, neutral-pH, and low-GDP glucose-based solutions the day before the study. None of the subjects were on PD with conventional acidic PD solutions. The exclusion criteria included severe systemic disease, malignancy, and patients with elevated serum CRP levels. All eligible 105 incident PD subjects were included for this study, and 11 patients were excluded. The ethics committee of Toho University School of Medicine approved this study, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. 2.2. Study of Peritoneal Transport Kinetics and Eﬄuent Markers. The study was performed cross-sectionally, and on the night before the study, all patients were asked to undergo PD using 2.5% glucose PD solution with a 10 h dwell time. After the dialysis ﬂuid had drained completely, a standard fast peritoneal equilibration test (fast PET) was performed. The drainage volume and ultraﬁltration volume were recorded at 4 h.Dialysate to plasma creatinine values (D/P creatinine) and eﬄuent glucose were measured at 4 h, and eﬄuent samples were taken at 4 h and immediately stored at −70◦C until they were used to measure HGF, BMP-7,VEGF, IL-6, and CA125. 2.3. Measurement of Eﬄuent Markers. The concentrations of CA125 and IL-6 in the eﬄuent were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay with appropriate kits (Fujirebio, Tokyo, Japan) [8, 9]. The concentrations of VEGF, HGF, and BMP-7 were measured with commer- cially available immunoenzymometric assays according to the manufacturer’s instructions (VEGF and HGF were measured with ELISA kits from Quantikine R & D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn, USA and BMP-7 was measured with an ELISA kit from RayBiotech Inc., Peterborough, UK). 2.4. Statistical Analysis. The data were not in the normal dis- tribution, and nonparametric tests were performed in all analyses. The data are expressed as median values and 25% to 75% interquartile ranges (IQR). Diﬀerences between two groups were assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Diﬀerences considered to be associated with diabetes were assessed using the chi-square test. A P value less than .05 denoted the presence of signiﬁcant diﬀerence. 3. Results The clinical characteristics and the results of the fast PET in the subjects are shown in Table 1. The median (IQR) age was 55 (44–64) years old, and the median (IQR) PD duration was 25 (12–68) months for all patients. The patients were subdi- vided into two groups according to their peritoneal transport characteristics to allow statistical evaluations to be per- formed: the patients with high peritoneal transport rate (D/P creatinine 0.82) and the “others” (D/P creatinine < 0.82). International Journal of Nephrology Table 1: Clinical characteristics and the results of the fast peritoneal equilibration test. Group n Age (years old) Diabetics Duration of PD (months) Urine volume (mL/day) Drainage volume (mL) D/P creatinine Dialysate glucose (mg/dL) Serum albumin (g/dL) Patients with high transport rate 14 58 (44–68) 8/14 10 (7–11)∗∗ Others 91 55 (46–64) 22/91 32 (15–75) 400 (175–624) 100 (0–875) 2120 (1963–2260)∗∗ 2370 (2265–2450) 0.90 (0.87–0.96)∗∗ 0.71 (0.60–0.75) 596 (469–668)∗∗ 834 (718–948) 2.70 (2.69–2.98)∗∗ 3.40 (3.03–3.78) Data are medians with 25 and 75% interquartile ranges in parentheses. PD: peritoneal dialysis; D/P creatinine: dialysate to plasma creatinine level. ∗P < .05 compared with others; ∗∗P < .001 compared with others. There were signiﬁcant diﬀerences between the two groups with regard to the duration of PD (P < .05) and serum albumin levels (P < .001). Furthermore, prevalence of diabetes was higher in the patients with high transport rate than the others, although the diﬀerence was not statistically signiﬁcant (P = .08). Eﬄuent markers and eﬄuent markers-to-eﬄuent CA125 ratio in patients with high transport rate and others are shown in Table 2. Signiﬁcantly higher eﬄuent HGF, VEGF, and IL-6 levels were found in the patients with high transport rate compared to the others. No diﬀerences were observed in the eﬄuent BMP-7 or CA125 levels between the two groups. With regard to eﬄuent markers-to-eﬄuent CA125 ratio, there was a signiﬁcant diﬀerence only in eﬄuent IL- 6/CA125 levels between two groups. No signiﬁcant diﬀer- ences were observed in eﬄuent HGF/CA125, BMP-7/CA125, and VEGF/CA125 levels between two groups. 4. Discussion It was reported that solute transfer increases and ultraﬁltra- tion declines with time during peritoneal dialysis treatment [10] and that a high transport status is observed after 6 years dialysis treatment and subsequently develops into encapsu- lating peritoneal sclerosis [11–13]. In contrast with previous reports [10–13], the patients with high transport rate in our study had not undergone PD treatment for a longer period than the other group. Diﬀerences between the PD solutions might partly explain the diﬀerent results since all our patients were treated with new biocompatible solutions whereas the patients in previous reports were treated with conventional nonbiocompatible solutions. However, the patients with high peritoneal transport rate in our study showed a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypoalbuminemia, as reported previously [14–16].