Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4 Hydroalcoholic extract Table 2: Antimicrobial activity of plants tested against oral microorganisms. P.a. E.f. S.a. Zones of inhibition (mm) Bacterial strains S.m. S.o. S.s. L.c. C.a. Fungal strains C.t. C.k. Acanthospermum hispidum HEx1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ximenia americana HEx1 0.0 0.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx2 0.0 0.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx3 0.0 14.1 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx4 0.0 0.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx5 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.0 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Schinopsis brasiliensis HEx1 17.3 0.0 25.1 0.0 14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx2 16.6 0.0 27.9 0.0 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx3 16.9 10.8 33.2 0.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx4 17.0 10.3 30.4 0.0 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HEx5 18.0 0.0 12.4 0.0 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chlorhexidine 19.7 13.4 16.0 13.0 12.6 12.5 12.3 — — — Nistatine — — — — — — — 23.2 22.0 23.2 P.a.: P. aeruginosa; E.f.: E. faecalis; S.a.: S. aureus; S.m.: S. mutans; S.o.: S. oralis; S.s.: S. salivarius; L.c.: L. Casei; C.a.: C. albicans; C.t.: C. tropicalis; C.k.: C. krusei. Table 3: Mean MIC results of selected plants on oral microorganisms. P.a. Hydroalcoholic extract Acanthospermum hispidum HEx1 — HEx2 — HEx3 — HEx4 — Ximenia americana HEx1 — HEx2 — HEx3 — HEx4 — HEx5 — Schinopsis brasiliensis HEx1 0.004 HEx2 0.500 HEx3 1.000 HEx4 0.063 HEx5 0.063 P.a.: P. aeruginosa; E.f.: E. faecalis; S.a.: S. aureus; S.o.: S. oralis. E.f. — — — — — — 1.000 — — — — 1.000 1.000 — MIC (µL/µL) Microorganisms tested S.a. — — — — 0.063 0.063 0.063 0.250 0.250 0.063 0.063 0.063 0.063 0.063 S.o. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 — — — — 1.000 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.500