All cohorts have information on birth outcomes, mostly birth weight, gestational age, and mode of delivery [see Supplemental Material, Annex 2 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ ehp.1103823)]. Fewer asked questions about time to pregnancy or collected data on con- genital anomalies. Fifteen cohorts collected information on ultrasound measurements. Neurodevelopment and behavioral devel- opment of the children was assessed in 26 cohorts, using a large variety of methods including questionnaires, neuropsychologi- cal tests, and school results. Nineteen cohorts assessed cognitive function of the children (e.g., global IQ, executive function, memory, etc.), 18 cohorts assessed behavior or ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) symptoms, and few have data on the clinical diagnosis of autism (n = 13) or mental health problems (n = 3). Names of the questionnaires and tests used to assess neurodevelopment, as well as the developmental periods at which they were used are available in the Web inven- tory. Growth and obesity and allergies (n = 34), and asthma and respiratory infections (n = 33) were assessed in nearly all cohorts. Metabolic syndrome indicators, such as blood pressure or cholesterol levels, were collected in around half of the cohorts. Childhood cancer (n = 12) and sexual maturation (n = 14) have been assessed in few cohorts to date [see Supplemental Material, Annex 2 (http:// dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103823)]. Discussion More than 35 birth cohorts in Europe, study- ing more than 350,000 mother–child pairs, have data that can be used to examine associa- tions between chemical, physical, and biologi- cal environmental exposures and child health. The searchable Web-based inventory is the first place where this information is made publicly available. The inventory intends to facilitate collaborations between birth cohort researchers Table 2. Biological samples collected in the European birth cohorts collaborating in ENRIECO.a European birth cohorts in this field and can be searched to identify cohorts relevant for comparison, replication, and combined studies. Moreover, it may be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to identify birth cohorts that can provide spe- cific information on environmental exposures or related outcomes. This initiative may quite easily be expanded beyond Europe to stimulate collaboration between cohorts worldwide. The cohorts we evaluated include a few very large general cohorts with multiple aims as well as many smaller cohorts, which are generally more focused on specific environ- mental risk factors or specific health out- comes. The distribution of the identified birth cohorts is not homogeneous across Europe, with more and larger cohorts mostly located in the north and west of Europe and fewer and smaller cohorts in the south and east. Indeed, more than half of all mother–child pairs come from two very large cohorts in Norway and Denmark. However, studies of Child 1–6 months 7–18 months 19 months–5 years Father Prenatal Postnatal B, H, N B, U B U B B, U H U, H, S B, H U S B B B U B B B, U B B B, S B, U B 5–10 years B B, U, T B U B B, U B, U, H U B, H U B, U, S B S B, U B, U, H, S S B, F B, U B B, U B, U B, U B, U S, U B ≥ 10 years B, U, S B S B B B, S B, H U, H, Se S B B B B B B, Se H, N B, S B S U B B B, S B, Se 33 Cohort ABCD ALSPAC ArcRisk-Norway BAMSE BiB Co.N.ER Czech DARC DNBC Duisburg EDEN ELFE Faroes FLEHS I GASPII Generation R Generation XXI GINIplus HUMISb INMA old INMA new INUENDO KANC KOALA Kraków Leicester LISAplus LUKAS MAS MoBa NINFEA PARIS PCB cohort PELAGIE PIAMA REPRO_PL RHEA T1 B B, U B B, U B B B, U B U T2 B, U B, U B B, U, S B, U B B, U B B B, U B, S B, U, S B, U, H, S B, U U Mother T3 B, U B, U B B B, U B, AT B U, N B B B Birth P B, U, H B B, P H, BM, P B, U, BM, H H, BM B B B, BM, P BM, P B, P B, P B B B, BM H, P B B Postnatal H, N B, U, BM B, U, BM B, U, H, BM S B BM B, BM U, S BM, S U BM S B, BM, S BM Birth CB CB, B, M CB CB CB CB CB CB CB, H, M CB, CT, M CB CB CB CB CB CB CB, U CB, H B CB, M CB, B CB CB, B CB CB CB CB CB B B B F B F F S B B H, N B B H B, H F S B, F B, U B B B, U U, H B U, N, S B, U, H, S H, S Abbreviations: AT, adipose tissue; B, blood; BM, breast milk; CB, cord blood; CT, cord tissue; F, feces; H, hair; M, meconium; N, nails; P, placenta; S, saliva or buccal swabs; Se, semen; T, teeth; U, urine. T1, T2, and T3 are first, second, and third trimesters. See Table 1 for full names and locations of cohorts. aMany but not all ENRIECO birth cohorts are also included in the BBMRI Catalogue of European Biobanks (BBMRI 2011), which can be queried by specimen type. bBlood, urine, and cord blood are available through overlap with MoBa in approximately 800 participants. Environmental Health Perspectives • volume 120 | number 1 | January 2012