Cases n mean ± SD Step test, right leg (n) 60–69 109 17.3 ± 5.21 70–79 74 13.8 ± 3.63 $80 121 12.4 ± 3.94 Step test, left leg (n) 60–69 109 17.6 ± 5.20 70–79 75 13.8 ± 3.54 $80 122 12.0 ± 3.65 Chair stands (s) 60–69 108 10.8 ± 5.04 70–79 72 12.7 ± 3.69 $80 115 14.6 ± 5.70 TUG self-selected speeda (s) 60–69 109 8.9 ± 1.65 70–79 75 11.1 ± 2.35 $80 120 13.1 ± 4.01 TUG fast speeda (s) 60–69 109 6.9 ± 1.44 70–79 75 8.3 ± 1.61 $80 120 10.5 ± 3.78 Self-selected WSa (m/s) 60–69 109 1.5 ± 0.26 70–79 73 1.3 ± 0.20 $80 105 1.1 ± 0.19 Fast WSa (m/s) 60–69 109 1.8 ± 0.34 70–79 73 1.5 ± 0.25 $80 105 1.4 ± 0.26 Time 2 × 15 m, self-selected speeda (s) 60–69 109 22.2 ± 4.19 70–79 73 25.9 ± 4.07 $80 104 28.8 ± 4.82 Time 2 × 15 m, fast speeda (s) 60–69 109 18.2 ± 3.80 70–79 73 21.6 ± 4.20 $80 104 24.5 ± 5.59 n 214 123 107 212 123 106 214 116 100 215 123 104 215 122 104 214 120 92 214 119 92 214 120 90 214 119 92 mean ± SD 17.3 ± 4.08 14.8 ± 4.28 12.4 ± 3.74 17.3 ± 3.93 14.8 ± 4.16 12.5 ± 3.76 10.4 ± 3.49 12.4 ± 3.74 14.0 ± 4.99 9.0 ± 1.92 10.7 ± 2.60 12.2 ± 3.42 6.8 ± 1.32 8.2 ± 1.76 9.4 ± 2.47 1.5 ± 0.21 1.3 ± 0.19 1.2 ± 0.18 1.8 ± 0.30 1.6 ± 0.26 1.4 ± 0.27 22.2 ± 3.42 25.7 ± 3.98 27.9 ± 4.46 18.2 ± 4.86 21.1 ± 3.69 23.3 ± 4.59 n 845 219 236 841 218 235 837 218 222 849 221 223 849 220 224 846 220 186 844 219 186 847 219 186 845 219 186 Bramell-Risberg et al Table 3 Results of the physical performance tests for cases, intermediates, and controls stratified according to age Intermediates Controls Note: aOnly the results from subjects not needing walking aids to perform the test were included in the analysis. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; TUG, Timed Up and Go; WS, walking speed. 78.7% in the intermediate group, and 80.4% of the controls. The corresponding values for I-ADL were 82.3%, 81.4%, and 86.8%, respectively. Cases were not able to increase their walking speed from self-selected to fast speed as much as the controls and intermedi- ates were. Subjects 60–69 years old were faster and performed better than those in the older age groups. However, differences in mean values for the three groups, stratified according to age, were small (Table 3). In the adjusted model, the association between cognitive impairment and the results of the physical performance tests was significant for the five tests performed at fast speed. The corresponding analysis for tests performed at self-selected speed showed no significant associations (Table 4). An increase in the time required to perform five repeated chair stands, the TUG test, and walking 2 × 15 m at fast speed was associated with being a case and, thus, with increased risk of being cognitively impaired. A greater number of steps during the step test and a higher WS at the higher speed were associated with decreased risk of being a case (Table 4). All physical tests analyzed with a general linear model adjusted for confounders showed significant differences between cases and controls (Table 5). The performance of the TUG test at fast speed also differed between cases and intermediates (Table 5). The results of the step test (both left 200 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Clinical Interventions in Aging 2012:7 Dovepress mean ± SD 18.2 ± 4.37 15.8 ± 4.12 13.0 ± 4.07 18.2 ± 4.20 15.8 ± 3.91 12.7 ± 3.96 10.1 ± 2.81 11.2 ± 3.04 14.2 ± 5.47 8.8 ± 1.67 10.0 ± 2.14 12.7 ± 3.75 6.6 ± 1.27 7.7 ± 1.66 9.6 ± 2.51 1.5 ± 0.21 1.3 ± 0.21 1.1 ± 0.20 1.9 ± 0.30 1.6 ± 0.31 1.4 ± 0.26 22.1 ± 3.48 24.8 ± 4.65 28.7 ± 6.00 17.6 ± 3.23 20.1 ± 3.68 23.4 ± 4.40