Dipolar couplings induced by ﬁeld-dependent magnetic ordering without (14,15) and with (16) the addition of agents that promote molecular ordering are providing a new source of structural information (in addition to NOEs and J couplings)—and new parameters to be included in BMRB entries. The BMRB website has been expanded recently to provide easy access to the available information and to incorporate additional reference and educational informa- tion for the NMR community and those outside the community interested in using NMR spectroscopy in their research. A new ADIT-NMR deposition system has been developed in collaboration with the RCSB-PDB that provides NMR spectroscopists a one-stop site for submitting atomic coordinates, restraints and experimen- tal data to both the RCSB-PDB and BMRB. This deposition system is accessible from the BMRB (http:// deposit.bmrb.wisc.edu/bmrb-adit/), PDBj-BMRB (http:// nmradit.protein.osaka-u.ac.jp/bmrb-adit/) and RCSB- PDB (http://deposit.rcsb.org/) websites. The BMRB has worked with the NMR community to develop a data model for NMR experimental results called NMR-STAR. NMR-STAR v3 is used to drive the new ADIT-NMR data deposition system and data validation systems used at BMRB. A draft version of the data model has been released on the BMRB and RCSB-PDB websites and a ﬁnal version will be published in the near future. BMRB is a member of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) (6) and the wwPDB (7). BMRB mirror sites exist at Osaka University, Japan, and at CERM in Florence, Italy, with the Osaka facility also being a data deposition and processing site. In addition to the Osaka and Florence collaborations, BMRB collabo- rates closely with the RCSB-PDB, the EBI, the CCPN group at the University of Cambridge, the NMR protein structural genomics groups especially the NESG, NMR metabolomic/metabonomic groups and the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison (NMRFAM) and with many other groups in the NMR community. DATA ACQUISITION AND METHODS ADIT-NMR data deposition system Authors submit data to BMRB primarily through the ADIT-NMR data deposition system. The system was developed using the ADIT software platform provided by the RCSB-PDB as the starting point. Extensive modiﬁca- tions were made to the underlying code to create a one- stop deposition that allows NMR spectroscopists to submit in one session all data required for both a wwPDB atomic coordinate deposition and a BMRB NMR experimental data entry. While the overall look and feel of the ADIT interface was maintained, a number of features were added, including default values for many ﬁelds, drop-down enumerated lists for easy entry selection and linked ﬁelds to facilitate data entry and decrease the time required to complete a deposition. Users can deposit information interchangeably into the PDB or BMRB sides of the system; information common to both sides is transferred automatically to the other side. Our statistics Nucleic Acids Research, 2008, Vol. 36, Database issue D403 show that many users have required 2 h or less to ﬁll out an original deposition to either the BMRB or PDB side of the system, and then required only an additional 15 min to complete the deposition to the other side. In addition to the standard information (molecular system studied, sample and sample condition descriptions, NMR experi- ments carried out, atomic coordinates and restraints ﬁles, assigned chemical shifts) more than 15 other kinds of NMR data can be deposited, including derived relaxation parameters, thermodynamic and kinetic data. Uploaded ﬁles containing atomic coordinates are pre-checked automatically for format issues and, if the depositor wishes, can be validated by ProCheck prior to actual deposition. This choice generates reports that the deposi- tor can use to evaluate the quality of the structure; at this point, the depositor can choose to continue with the deposition or to reﬁne the structure further. Upon receipt of a completed deposition, the depositor is provided immediately with a PDB or BMRB ID. A ﬁnished PDB entry along with the atomic coordinate and restraints data are processed and annotated at either the RCSB-PDB or PDBj. Depositions containing NMR experimental data are processed at either BMRB or PDBj- BMRB. The BMRB attempts to adhere to the recom- mendations of the IUPAC-IUBMB-IUPAB Inter-Union Task Group published in 1998 (17) in setting standards for the deposition of NMR spectroscopic data and the use of protein and nucleic acid residue and atom nomenclature. BMRB annotators process entries using software devel- oped at BMRB and tools donated by other groups including the AVS system created by Moseley et al. (18). Tools are available from the BMRB website for generating template NMR-STAR ﬁles that can be populated with assigned chemical shifts, coupling con- stants, hydrogen exchange data and a variety of relaxation data. A number of third-party software applications read and write NMR-STAR compliant ﬁles. Data in this format can be easily processed by BMRB annotators to generate ﬁnished BMRB entries. However, NMR researchers make use of a variety of software packages that output data in other formats. The STARch (STAR conversion handler) tool has been developed at BMRB for converting ﬁles generated by a variety of software tools into the NMR-STAR format (http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/ tools/). Depositors are encouraged to use this or other similar tools to convert their data into the NMR-STAR format before submission to BMRB. One advantage of having assigned chemical shift data in the NMR-STAR format is that they can be visualized and checked (for example by LACS (19) for consistent chemical shift referencing) through uploading to the BMRB website at (http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/vis_serv/). NMR-STAR data model The ADIT-NMR deposition system, as well as many other BMRB tools, is driven by the NMR-STAR data dictionary. The dictionary has evolved over time with the current version 3.1 published at (http://www.bmrb.wisc. edu/formats.html). The NMR-STAR dictionary and the resulting NMR-STAR ﬁles exported by BMRB conform