Case Reports in Medicine are much more common causes in the Western hemisphere [11]. Staphylococcus epidermidis infection of ventriculoatrial shunts can cause membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (shunt nephritis). Similar renal eﬀects have been noted in patients with infected central venous catheters [12]. Nephri- tis typically manifests prior to the start of antimicrobial therapy. The lack of a shunt or indwelling catheter in our patient and the appearance of kidney disease a month after eﬀective treatment of presumed infection make this diagnosis less likely. Investigations for all other causes of MPGN were negative, and the patient was diagnosed to have idiopathic MPGN. Cytology of the hemorrhagic pericardial ﬂuid at initial presentation was negative for malignant cells. This is not unusual in the case of cardiac angiosarcoma [13, 14]. The initial echocardiogram did not reveal any mass in the right atrium. The tumor was probably too small to be detected using transthoracic echocardiography, and similar instances have been described in the literature [14, 15]. Though this approach has not been validated in clinical studies, it may be reasonable to obtain magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and pericardium in cases of hemorrhagic pericardial eﬀusion with no obvious pathology. After pericardiocentesis, the patient did not develop recurrence of signiﬁcant pericar- dial eﬀusion as one would expect in the case of an untreated malignancy. A similar phenomenon has been described in at least two previously reported cases of angiosarcoma [14, 16]. Though angiosarcoma was diagnosed 5 months after the detection of glomerulonephritis, it was probably already present at the onset of kidney disease and was thus considered the most likely etiology. 4. 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