achieving T cell activation circumventing HSV-mediated immune evasion (25). In addition, cross-presentation of an- tigen at a site remote from the actual infection would ex- plain the absence of HSV-1 DNA within the draining axil- lary and inguinal lymph nodes. The rapidity with which antigen transfer occurs so soon after cutaneous infection suggests that this is a very efficient event. As shown here, antigen presentation appears in draining lymph nodes within 6 h of infection. Most importantly, even at this time, presentation is at levels clearly capable of initiating an effective CTL response. The authors would like to thank Drs. Andrew Brooks and Gabri- elle Belz for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (W.R. Heath and F.R. Carbone), the National Institutes of Health (AI43347 to W.R. Heath) and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Fellowship (W.R. Heath). 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