Table 1. complete list of clinical cases with clinical data at radical RP and final pathological or molecular classification with Leave- One-Out cross validation procedure in order to obtain a unique classification for each sample. Patient # Age PSAtot (ng/ml) Gleason score (whole gland) Pathological diagnosis of tissue specimen 1: Molecular diagnosis tissue specimen 1: Pathological diagnosis of tissue specimen 2: Molecular diagnosis tissue specimen 2: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 68 66 62 76 72 69 61 68 67 64 73 72 64 71 68 75 64 59 67 65 68 67 74 68 64 71 61 77 70 62 72 72 60 71 53 65 66 71 70 65 72 2,8 4,72 3,07 5,74 11,9 38,82 6,32 6,90 10,8 4,42 4,28 3,72 4,21 6,39 8,53 8,16 4,2 15,07 49,30 19,70 9,75 9,1 12,1 12 5,97 9,04 9,6 17,7 11,26 4,35 4,5 6,55 11,7 5,6 11,10 5,04 5,2 16,8 4,68 7,78 10,8 G2 score4 G3 score5 G3 score6 G3 score7 G4 score7 G4 score8 G5 score8 G5score9 BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP 50% BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP 5% CaP 25% BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP 85% CaP 90% BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP 15% BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP CaP BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP CaP BENIGN CaP BENIGN CaP CaP CaP BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN BENIGN CaP BENIGN BENIGN CaP CaP CaP BENIGN BENIGN CaP 15% CaP 80% CaP 25% CaP 5% CaP 40% CaP 65% CaP 15% CaP 5% CaP 25% CaP 5% CaP 90% CaP 25% CaP 90% CaP 40% CaP 90% CaP 5% CaP 10% CaP 20% CaP 5% CaP 55% CaP15% CaP 5% CaP 30% CaP 10% CaP 85% Gene Signature CaP CaP BENIGN CaP BENIGN CaP CaP BENIGN CaP CaP CaP CaP CaP CaP CaP CaP BENIGN CaP CaP CaP CaP CaP CaP BENIGN CaP Mean age of the patients was 66.865.7. Mean PSA value at RP was 10.268.7 ng/mL. Gleason score is given by examination of the whole gland (fixed and embedded) after RP. Pathological evaluation of the frozen sections is indicated, together with percent of cancer cells given as a mean of pre- and post-RNA frozen sections. 44/66 were CaP-benign paired specimens obtained from the same patient. Specimens misclassified by the molecular method are in bold italic. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003617.t001 classifier combined with the 10-fold cross validation. Although the REST analysis showed that only the changes in CLU expression were statistically significant, NN classification+10-fold cross validation performed on DCt data revealed a very good performance, in that the discrimination of CaP versus benign specimens was obtained with a combination of 7 genes (H3, GAS1, SSAT, CLU, AdoMetDC, PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 3 October 2008 | Volume 3 | Issue 10 | e3617