7. Ambrosini G, Adida C, Altieri DC (1997) A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma. Nat Med 3: 917–921. 8. Altieri DC (2008) New wirings in the survivin networks. Oncogene 27: 6276– 6284. 9. Altieri DC (2008) Survivin, cancer networks and pathway-directed drug discovery. Nat Rev Cancer 8: 61–70. 10. Mita AC, Mita MM, Nawrocki ST, Giles FJ (2008) Survivin: key regulator of mitosis and apoptosis and novel target for cancer therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res 14: 5000–5005. 11. Uren AG, Wong L, Pakusch M, Fowler KJ, Burrows FJ, et al. (2000) Survivin and the inner centromere protein INCENP show similar cell-cycle localization and gene knockout phenotype. Curr Biol 10: 1319–1328. 12. Okada H, Bakal C, Shahinian A, Elia A, Wakeham A, et al. (2004) Survivin loss in thymocytes triggers p53-mediated growth arrest and p53-independent cell death. J Exp Med 199: 399–410. 13. Jiang Y, de Bruin A, Caldas H, Fangusaro J, Hayes J, et al. (2005) Essential role for survivin in early brain development. J Neurosci 25: 6962–6970. 14. Leung CG, Xu Y, Mularski B, Liu H, Gurbuxani S, et al. (2007) Requirements for survivin in terminal differentiation of erythroid cells and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. J Exp Med 204: 1603–1611. 15. Zwerts F, Lupu F, De Vriese A, Pollefeyt S, Moons L, et al. (2007) Lack of endothelial cell survivin causes embryonic defects in angiogenesis, cardiogenesis, and neural tube closure. Blood 109: 4742–4752. 16. Adida C, Crotty PL, McGrath J, Berrebi D, Diebold J, et al. (1998) Developmentally regulated expression of the novel cancer anti-apoptosis gene survivin in human and mouse differentiation. Am J Pathol 152: 43–49. 17. Liggins C, Orlicky DJ, Bloomquist LA, Gianani R (2003) Developmentally regulated expression of Survivin in human pancreatic islets. Pediatr Dev Pathol 6: 392–397. 18. Hasel C, Bhanot UK, Maier R, Strater J, Moller P (2005) Parenchymal regression in chronic pancreatitis spares isletsreprogrammed for the expression of NF kappa B and IAPs. LabInvest 85: 1263–1275. 19. Gianani R, Campbell-Thompson M, Sarkar SA,Wasserfall C, Pugliese A, et al. (2010) Dimorphic histopathology of long-standing childhood-onset diabetes. Diabetologia. 53: 690–698. 20. Wu X, Wang L, Schroer S, Choi D, Chen P, et al. (2009) Perinatal survivin is essential for the establishment of pancreatic beta cell mass in mice. Diabetologia 52: 2130–2141. 21. Jiang Y, Nishimura W, Devor-Henneman D, Kusewitt D, Wang H, et al. (2008) Postnatal expansion of the pancreatic beta-cell mass is dependent on survivin. Diabetes 57: 2718–2727. 22. Wang RN, Kloppel G, Bouwens L (1995) Duct- to islet-cell differentiation and islet growth in the pancreas of duct-ligated adult rats. Diabetologia 38: 1405– 1411. Survivin Regulation of Beta-Cell Mass Expansion 23. Nguyen KT, Tajmir P, Lin CH, Liadis N, Zhu XD, et al. (2006) Essential role of Pten in body size determination and pancreatic beta-cell homeostasis in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 26: 4511–4518. 24. Wang L, Liu Y, Yan Lu S, Nguyen KT, Schroer SA, et al. (2010) Deletion of Pten in pancreatic beta-cells protects against deficient beta-cell mass and function in mouse models of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes 59(12): 3117–3126. 25. Cozar-Castellano I, Fiaschi-Taesch N, Bigatel TA, Takane KK, Garcia-Ocan˜ a A, et al. (2006) Molecular control of cell cycle progression in the pancreatic beta- cell.Endocr Rev 27(4): 356–370. 26. Kalin TV, Ustiyan V, Kalinichenko VV (2011) Multiple faces of FoxM1 transcription factor: lessons from transgenic mouse models. Cell Cycle 10(3): 396–405. 27. Li F, Ackermann EJ, Bennett CF, Rothermel AL, Plescia J, et al. (1999) Pleiotropic cell-division defects and apoptosis induced by interference with survivin function. Nat Cell Biol 1: 461–466. 28. Ackermann Misfeldt A, Costa RH, Gannon M (2008) Beta-cell proliferation, but not neogenesis, following 60% partial pancreatectomy is impaired in the absence of FoxM1. Diabetes 57: 3069–3077. 29. Yoshioka M, Kayo T, Ikeda T, Koizumi A (1997) A novellocus, Mody4, distal to D7Mit189 on chromosome 7 determinesearly-onset NIDDM in nonobese C57BL/6(Akita) mutant mice. Diabetes 46: 887–894. 30. Amrani A, Durant S, Throsby M, Coulaud J, Dardenne M, et al. (1998) Glucose homeostasis in thenonobese diabetic mouse at the prediabetic stage. Endocri- nology 139: 1115–1124. 31. Zhang H, Ackermann AM, Gusarova GA, Lowe D, Feng X, et al. (2006) The FoxM1 transcription factor is required tomaintain pancreatic beta-cell mass. Mol Endocrinol 20: 1853–1866. 32. Efrat S.(1991) Sexual dimorphism of pancreatic beta-celldegeneration in transgenic mice expressing an insulinrashybrid gene. Endocrinology 128: 897– 901. 33. Geisler JG, Zawalich W, Zawalich K, Lakey JR, Stukenbrok H, et al. (2002) Estrogen can preventor reverse obesity and diabetes in mice expressing humanislet amyloid polypeptide. Diabetes 51: 2158–2169. 34. Kobayashi K, Hatano M, Otaki M, Ogasawara T, Tokuhisa T (1999) Expression of a murine homologue of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein is related to cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 1457–1462. 35. Li F, Altieri DC (1999) Transcriptional analysis of human survivin gene expression. Biochem J 344 Pt 2: 305–311. 36. Li F, Ackermann EJ, Bennett CF, Rothermel AL, Plescia J, et al. (1999) Pleiotropic cell-division defects and apoptosis induced by interference with survivin function. Nat Cell Biol 1: 461–466. 37. Ruchaud S, Carmena M, Earnshaw WC (2007) Chromosomal passengers: conducting cell division. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 798–812. PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 11 August 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 8 | e41976