New Specimens of Nemegtomaia from Mongolia Figure 7. Skeletons of Nemegtomaia barsboldi specimens (known elements in grey). A, the holotype (MPC-D 100/2112); B, MPC-D 107/15 (the left side of the skull, left forelimb, pubis and toes are reversed and superimposed to the right side). C, MPC-D 107/16 (the left forelimb is reversed and superimposed to the right side). In D, the preserved elements of MPC-D 107/15 and 16 are scaled to and superimposed on the holotype (the skull depicted is that of the better preserved MPC-D 100/2112). Scale bar 20 cm. Illustration by Marco Auditore. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031330.g007 to suggest that either it has been separated from the specimen, or that it represents a second individual of the same size. The orientation of the forearm and hand suggests the latter may be true. The articulated left hand was found in another block of sandstone, and therefore does not help to establish whether there are one or two individuals. Both hands are the same size, and are from an individual that was the same approximate size as the hind limbs. The most parsimonious interpretation would be that all elements represent a single individual because dinosaur skeletons recovered from the Baruungoyot Formation tend to be articulated but are not normally associated with each other. However, multiple oviraptorid skeletons have been found in single quarries in nearby parts of Mongolia (including a pair of Ingenia collected at Khermeen Tsav [MPC-D 102/02, MPC-D 102/03] by an earlier ‘‘Dinosaurs of the Gobi’’ expedition, and a pair of Khaan excavated by the American Museum of Natural History at Ukaa Tolgod [39]. For the purposes of this paper, we are assuming that MPC-D 107/16 represents a single, somewhat disarticulated individual. The shafts and distal ends of the left ulna and radius are preserved in articulation with the hand, which is folded perpendicular to the forelimb (Fig. 6C). The ulna has a straight shaft like those of Heyuannia and Ingenia but is distinctive from the bowed shafts found in most oviraptorids. The diameter of the shaft of the radius is 78% that of the ulna. Using the same formula that was used to estimate the length of the radius of MPC-D 107/15, we can estimate the length of the radius as 99 mm in MPC-D 107/16. The length of the hand (mc II+phalanges II-1, II-2, II-3) of Nemegtomaia (MPC-D 107/16) is relatively short for an oviraptorid, and is 36% the length of the femur, which is comparable with Ingenia yanshini (40% in MPC-D 100/33). This suggests that the hand overall is shorter than in Khaan mckennai (MPC-D 100/1002, 74%) and Citipati n.sp. (MPC-D 100/42, 97%). MPC-D 107/16 shows that Nemegtomaia had at least three carpal bones. The semilunate carpal of the right hand is still in position capping the first and second metacarpals (Fig. 6B,C). Like PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 9 February 2012 | Volume 7 | Issue 2 | e31330